Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless AC/N Dual Radio Access Point With Single Setup Administration Guide 1.0.1.4 1CSWAP371 SWUM100
User Manual: 1.0.1.4
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Cisco Small Business
WAP371 Wireless-AC/N Dual Radio Access Point
with Single Point Setup
ADMINISTRATION
GUIDE
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 1
Contents
Chapter 1: Getting Started 5
Starting the Web-Based Configuration Utility 5
Using the Access Point Setup Wizard 6
Getting Started 9
Window Navigation 10
Chapter 2: Status and Statistics 13
System Summary 13
Network Interfaces 15
Traffic Statistics 16
WorkGroup Bridge Transmit/Receive 16
Associated Clients 17
TSPEC Client Associations 18
TSPEC Status and Statistics 20
TSPEC AP Statistics 22
Radio Statistics 22
Email Alert Status 24
Log 24
Chapter 3: Administration 25
System Settings 25
User Accounts 26
Time Settings 28
Log Settings 29
Email Alert 31
LED Display 34
HTTP/HTTPS Service 35
Management Access Control 37
Manage Firmware 37
Download/Backup Configuration File 39
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 2
Contents
Configuration Files Properties 41
Copy/Save Configuration 42
Reboot 42
Discovery—Bonjour 43
Packet Capture 44
Support Information 50
Chapter 4: LAN 52
Port Settings 52
VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings 53
IPv6 Addresses 54
IPv6 Tunnel 56
LLDP 57
Chapter 5: Wireless 60
Radio 60
Rogue AP Detection 68
Networks 71
Scheduler 82
Scheduler Association 85
Bandwidth Utilization 86
MAC Filtering 86
WDS Bridge 88
WorkGroup Bridge 91
Quality of Service 94
Chapter 6: System Security 99
RADIUS Server 99
802.1X Supplicant 101
Password Complexity 102
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 3
Contents
WPA-PSK Complexity 103
Chapter 7: Client Quality of Service 105
Client QoS Global Settings 105
ACL 105
Class Map 113
Policy Map 117
Client QoS Association 119
Client QoS Status 121
Chapter 8: Simple Network Management Protocol 123
General SNMP Settings 123
Views 126
Groups 127
Users 129
Targets 130
Chapter 9: Captive Portal 132
Local Groups 132
Local Users 133
Instance Configuration 134
Instance Association 137
Web Portal Customization 138
Captive Portal Global Configuration 142
Authenticated Clients 143
Failed Authentication Clients 144
Chapter 10: Single Point Setup 145
Single Point Setup Overview 145
Access Points 149
1
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 2
Getting Started
This chapter provides an introduction to the Wireless Access Point (WAP) devices web-based
configuration utility, and includes these topics:
• Starting the Web-Based Configuration Utility
• Using the Access Point Setup Wizard
• Getting Started
• Window Navigation
Starting the Web-Based Configuration Utility
This section describes system requirements and how to navigate the web-based configuration
utility.
Supported Browsers
•Internet Explorer 7.0 or later
•Chrome 5.0 or later
•Firefox 3.0 or later
•Safari 3.0 or later
Browser Restrictions
•If you are using Internet Explorer 6, you cannot directly use an IPv6 address to access
the AP. You can, however, use the Domain Name System (DNS) server to create a
domain name that contains the IPv6 address, and then use that domain name in the
address bar in place of the IPv6 address.
•When using Internet Explorer 8, you can configure security settings from Internet
Explorer. Select Tools > Internet Options and then select the Security tab. Select
Local Intranet and select Sites. Select Advanced and then select Add. Add the
intranet address of the AP (http://<ip-address>) to the local intranet zone. The IP
Getting Started
Using the Access Point Setup Wizard
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 3
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address can also be specified as the subnet IP address, so that all addresses in the
subnet are added to the local intranet zone.
•If you have multiple IPv6 interfaces on your management station, use the IPv6 global
address instead of the IPv6 local address to access the AP from your browser.
Logging Out
By default, the web-based AP configuration utility logs out after 10 minutes of inactivity. See
HTTP/HTTPS Service for instructions on changing the default timeout period.
To log out, click Logout in the top right corner of the web-based AP configuration utility.
Using the Access Point Setup Wizard
The first time that you log into the AP (or after it has been reset to the factory default settings),
the Access Point Setup Wizard appears to help you perform initial configurations. Follow
these steps to complete the wizard:
NOTE If you click Cancel to bypass the Wizard, the Change Password page appears. You can then
change the default password for logging in. For all other settings, the factory default
configurations apply.
You must log in again after changing your password.
STEP 1 Click Next on the Welcome page of the Wizard. The Configure Device - IP Address window
appears.
STEP 2 Click Dynamic IP Address (DHCP) if you want the WAP device to receive an IP address from
a DHCP server. Or select Static IP Address to configure IP Address manually. For a
description of these fields, see VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings.
STEP 3 Click Next. The Single Point Setup — Set a Cluster window appears. For a description of
Single Point Setup, see Single Point Setup.
STEP 4 To create a new Single Point Setup of WAP devices, select Create a New Cluster and specify a
New Cluster Name. When you configure your devices with the same cluster name and enable
Single Point Setup mode on other WAP devices, they automatically join the group.
Getting Started
Using the Access Point Setup Wizard
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 4
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If you already have a cluster on your network, you can add this device to it by clicking Join an
Existing Cluster, and then entering the Existing Cluster Name.
If you do not want this device to participate in a Single Point Setup at this time, click Do not
Enable Single Point Setup.
(Optional) You can enter text in the AP Location field to note the physical location of the WAP
device.
STEP 5 Click Next. The Configure Device - Set System Date and Time window appears.
STEP 6 Select your time zone, and then set the system time manually or set up the WAP device to get
its time from an NTP server. For a description of these options, see Time Settings.
STEP 7 Click Next. The Enable Security - Set Password window appears.
STEP 8 Enter a New Password and enter it again in the Confirm Password text box. For more
information about passwords, see User Accounts.
NOTE You can uncheck the Password Complexity box if you wish to disable the
password security rules. However, we strongly recommend keeping the password
security rules enabled.
STEP 9 Click Next. The Enable Security - Name Your Wireless Network window appears for the
Radio 1 interface.
NOTE For this window and the following two windows (Wireless Security and VLAN
ID), you configure these settings for the Radio 1 interface first. Then the windows
repeat to enable you to configure these settings for Radio 2.
STEP 10 Enter a Network Name. This name serves as the SSID for the default wireless network.
STEP 11 Click Next. The Enable Security - Secure Your Wireless Network window appears.
STEP 12 Choose a security encryption type and enter a security key. For a description of these options,
see System Security.
STEP 13 Click Next. The Wizard displays the Enable Security- Assign the VLAN ID For Your Wireless
Network window.
STEP 14 Enter a VLAN ID for traffic received on the wireless network.
It is suggested that you assign a different VLAN ID from the default (1) to wireless traffic, in
order to segregate it from management traffic on VLAN 1.
STEP 15 Click Next.
STEP 16 For the WAP371 device, the Network Name, Wireless Security, and VLAN ID pages show to
enable configuring Radio 2. When finished with configuring Radio 2, click Next.
Getting Started
Using the Access Point Setup Wizard
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 5
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The Wizard displays the Enable Captive Portal - Create Your Guest Network window.
STEP 17 Select whether or not to set up an authentication method for guests on your network, and click
Next.
If you click No, skip to STEP 25.
If you click Yes, the Wizard displays the Enable Captive Portal - Name Your Guest Network
window.
STEP 18 Specify a Guest Network Name for Radio 1. For the WAP371 device, select whether the guest
network uses Radio 1 or Radio 2.
STEP 19 Click Next. The Wizard displays the Enable Captive Portal - Secure Your Guest Network
window.
STEP 20 Choose a security encryption type for the guest network and enter a security key. For a
description of these options, see System Security.
STEP 21 Click Next. The Wizard displays the Enable Captive Portal - Assign the VLAN ID window.
STEP 22 Specify a VLAN ID for the guest network. The guest network VLAN ID should be different
from the management VLAN ID.
STEP 23 Click Next. The Wizard displays the Enable Captive Portal - Enable Redirect URL window.
STEP 24 Select Enable Redirect URL and specify a fully qualified domain name or IP address in the
Redirect URL field (including http://). If specified, guest network users are redirected to the
specified URL after authenticating.
STEP 25 Click Next. The Wizard displays the Summary - Confirm Your Settings window.
STEP 26 Review the settings that you configured. Click Back to reconfigure one or more settings. If
you click Cancel, all settings are returned to the previous or default values.
STEP 27 If they are correct, click Submit. Your WAP setup settings are saved and a confirmation
window appears.
STEP 28 Click Finish. The Login window appears to log in to the AP using the changed password.
Getting Started
Getting Started
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 6
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Getting Started
To simplify device configuration through quick navigation, the Getting Started page provides
links for performing common tasks. The Getting Started page is the default window every time
you log into the web-based AP configuration utility.
Links on the Getting Started Page
Category Link Name (on the Page) Linked Page
Initial Setup Run Setup Wizard Using the Access Point
Setup Wizard
Configure Radio Settings Radio
Configure Wireless Network Settings Networks
Configure LAN Settings LAN
Configure Single Point Setup Single Point Setup
Device Status System Summary System Summary
Wireless Status Network Interfaces
Quick Access Change Account Password User Accounts
Upgrade Device Firmware Manage Firmware
Backup/Restore Configuration Download/Backup
Configuration File
Getting Started
Window Navigation
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 7
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Window Navigation
This section describes the features of the web-based AP configuration utility.
Configuration Utility Header
The Configuration Utility header contains standard information and appears at the top on
every page. It provides these buttons:
Navigation Pane / Main Menu
A navigation pane, or main menu, is located on the left side of each page. The navigation pane
is a list of the top-level features of the WAP devices. If a main menu item is preceded by an
arrow, select to expand and display the submenu of each group. You can then select on the
desired submenu item to open the associated page.
Buttons
Button Name Description
(User) The account name (Administrator or Guest) of the user logged into
the AP. The factory default user name is cisco.
Log Out Click to log out of the web-based AP configuration utility.
About Click to show the AP type and version number.
Help Click to show the online help. The online help is designed to be
viewed with browsers using UTF-8 encoding. If the online help
shows errant characters, verify that the encoding settings on your
browser are set to UTF-8.
Getting Started
Window Navigation
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Management Buttons
The table below describes the commonly used buttons that appear on various pages in the
system.
Management Buttons
Button Name Description
Add Adds a new entry to the table or database.
Cancel Cancels the changes made to the page.
Clear All Clears all entries in the log table.
Delete Deletes an entry in a table. Select an entry first.
Edit Edits or modifies an existing entry. Select an entry first.
Refresh Redisplays the current page with the latest data.
Save Saves the settings or configuration.
Update Updates the new information to the startup configuration.
Getting Started
Window Navigation
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Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 10
Status and Statistics
This chapter describes how to display status and statistics and contains these topics:
•System Summary
• Network Interfaces
• Traffic Statistics
• WorkGroup Bridge Transmit/Receive
• Associated Clients
• TSPEC Client Associations
• TSPEC Status and Statistics
• TSPEC AP Statistics
• Radio Statistics
• Email Alert Status
•Log
System Summary
The System Summary page shows basic information such as the hardware model description,
software version, and the time that has elapsed since the last reboot.
To view system information, select Status and Statistics > System Summary in the navigation
pane. You can also select System Summary under Device Status on the Getting Started page.
The System Summary page shows this information:
•PID VID—The WAP hardware model and version.
•Serial Number—The serial number of the Cisco WAP device.
Status and Statistics
System Summary
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 11
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•Base MAC Address—The WAP MAC address.
•Firmware Version (Active Image)—The firmware version number of the active image.
•Firmware MD5 Checksum (Active Image)—The checksum for the active image.
•Firmware Version (Non-active)—The firmware version number of the backup image.
•Firmware MD5 Checksum (Non-active)—The checksum for the backup image.
•Host Name—A name assigned to the device.
•System Uptime—The time that has elapsed since the last reboot.
•System Time—The current system time.
•Power Source—The system may be powered by a power adapter, or may be receiving
power-over-Ethernet from PoE power-sourcing equipment (PSE).
The TCP/UDP Service table shows basic information about protocols and services operating
on the WAP.
•Service—The name of the service, if available.
•Protocol—The underlying transport protocol that the service uses (TCP or UDP).
•Local IP Address—The IP address, if any, of a remote device that is connected to this
service on the WAP device. All indicates that any IP address on the device can use this
service.
•Local Port—The port number for the service.
•Remote IP Address—The IP address of a remote host, if any, that is using this service.
All indicates that the service is available to all remote hosts that access the system.
•Remote Port—The port number of any remote device communicating with this service.
•Connection State—The state of the service. For UDP, only connections in the Active or
Established states appear in the table. The TCP states are:
-Listening—The service is listening for connection requests.
-Active—A connection session is established and packets are being transmitted and
received.
-Established—A connection session is established between the WAP device and a
server or client, depending on the role of each device with respect to this protocol.
-Time Wait—The closing sequence has been initiated and the WAP is waiting for a
system-defined timeout period (typically 60 seconds) before closing the
connection.
Status and Statistics
Network Interfaces
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You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
Network Interfaces
Use the Network Interfaces page to show configuration and status information about the wired
and wireless interfaces. To show the Network Interfaces page, select Status and Statistics >
Network Interface in the navigation pane.
The Network Interfaces page shows this information:
•LAN Status—These settings apply to the internal interface. The information indicates
whether or not Green Ethernet mode is enabled.
To change any of these settings, click the Edit link. After you click Edit, you are
redirected to the VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings page. See VLAN and IPv4 Address
Settings for descriptions of these fields.
•Radio Status—These settings include the Wireless Radio mode (Enabled or Disabled),
the MAC address associated with both the radio interfaces, the 802.11 mode (a/b/g/n/
ac), the channel used by the interface, and the operational bandwidth.
To change the wireless settings, click the Edit link. After you click Edit, you are
redirected to the Radio page. See Radio for descriptions of these fields.
•Interface Status—This table lists status information for each Virtual Access Point
(VAP) and on each Wireless Distribution System (WDS) interface. WLAN0 or
WLAN1 precedes the VAP interface ID to indicate the associated radio interface.
WLAN0 represents radio 1 and WLAN1 represents radio 2.
If the VAP has been configured, the table lists the SSID, the administrative status (up
or down), the MAC address of the radio interface, the VLAN ID, the name of any
associated scheduler profile, and the current state (active or inactive). The state
indicates whether the VAP is exchanging data with a client.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
Status and Statistics
Traffic Statistics
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Traffic Statistics
Use the Traffic Statistics page to view basic information about the WAP. It also provides a
real-time display of transmit and receive statistics for the Ethernet interface, the Virtual Access
Points (VAPs), and any WDS interfaces. All transmit and receive statistics reflect the totals
since the WAP was last started. If you reboot the WAP, these figures indicate transmit and
receive totals since the reboot.
To show the Traffic Statistics page, select Status and Statistics > Traffic Statistics in the
navigation pane.
The Traffic Statistics page shows summary data and statistics for traffic in each direction.
•Network Interface—Name of the Ethernet interface and each VAP and WDS interface.
WLAN0 and WLAN1 precede the VAP interface name to indicate the radio interface
(WLAN0 represents radio 1 and WLAN1 represents radio 2).
•Total Packets—The total packets sent (in Transmit table) or received (in Received
table) by this WAP device.
•Total Bytes—The total bytes sent (in Transmit table) or received (in Received table) by
this WAP device.
•Total Dropped Packets—The total number of dropped packets sent (in Transmit table)
or received (in Received table) by this WAP device.
•Total Dropped Bytes—The total number of dropped bytes sent (in Transmit table) or
received (in Received table) by this WAP device.
•Errors—The total number of errors related to sending and receiving data on this WAP
device.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
WorkGroup Bridge Transmit/Receive
The WorkGroup Bridge Transmit/Receive page shows packet and byte counts for traffic
between stations on a WorkGroup Bridge. For information on configuring WorkGroup
Bridges, see WorkGroup Bridge.
To show the WorkGroup Bridge Transmit/Receive page, select Status and Statistics >
WorkGroup Bridge in the navigation pane.
Each network interface that is configured as a WorkGroup Bridge interface shows these fields:
Status and Statistics
Associated Clients
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•Network Interface—Name of the Ethernet or VAP interface. WLAN0 represents radio
1 and WLAN1 represents radio 2.
•Status and Statistics—Whether the interface is disconnected or is administratively
configured as up or down.
•VLAN ID—Virtual LAN (VLAN) ID. You can use VLANs to establish multiple
internal and guest networks on the same WAP device. The VLAN ID is set on the VAP
tab.
•Name (SSID)—Wireless network name. Also known as the SSID, this alphanumeric
key uniquely identifies a wireless local area network. The SSID is set on the VAP tab.
Additional information appears for the transmit and receive direction for each WorkGroup
Bridge interface:
•Total Packets—The total number of packets bridged between the wired clients in the
WorkGroup Bridge and the wireless network.
•Total Bytes—The total number of bytes bridged between the wired clients in the
WorkGroup Bridge and the wireless network.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
Associated Clients
You can use the Associated Clients page to view the client stations associated with a particular
access point.
To show the Associated Clients page, select Status and Statistics > Associated Clients in the
navigation pane.
The associated stations are shown along with information about packet traffic transmitted and
received for each station.
•Total Number of Associated Clients—The total number of clients currently associated
with the AP.
•Network Interface—The VAP the client is associated with. WLAN0 and WLAN1
precede the VAP interface name to indicate the radio interface (WLAN0 represents
radio 1 and WLAN1 represents radio 2).
•Station—The MAC address of the associated wireless client.
•Status—The Authenticated and Associated Status shows the underlying IEEE 802.11
authentication and association status, which is present no matter which type of security
Status and Statistics
TSPEC Client Associations
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 15
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the client uses to connect to the WAP device. This status does not show IEEE 802.1X
authentication or association status.
These are some points to keep in mind with regard to this field:
-If the WAP device security mode is None or Static WEP, the authentication and
association status of clients appears as expected; that is, if a client shows as
authenticated to the WAP device, it is able to transmit and receive data. (The reason
why is that Static WEP uses only IEEE 802.11 authentication.)
-If the WAP device uses IEEE 802.1X or WPA security, it is possible for a client
association to appear as authenticated (through IEEE 802.11 security) although it is
not actually authenticated through the second layer of security.
•From Station/To Station—For the From Station, the counters indicate the packets or
bytes transmitted by the wireless client. For the To Station, the counters indicate the
number of packets and bytes transmitted from the WAP device to the wireless client.
-Packets—Number of packets received (transmitted) from the wireless client.
-Bytes—Number of bytes received (transmitted) from the wireless client.
-Drop Packets—Number of packets dropped after being received (transmitted).
-Drop Bytes—Number of bytes that dropped after being received (transmitted).
-TS Violate Packets (From Station)—Number of packets sent from a client STA to
the WAP device in excess of its active Traffic Stream (TS) uplink bandwidth, or for
an access category requiring admission control to which the client STA has not
been admitted.
-TS Violate Packets (To Station)—Number of packets sent from the WAP device to
a client STA in excess of its active TS downlink bandwidth, or for an access
category requiring admission control to which the client STA has not been
admitted.
•Up Time—The amount of time the client has been associated with the WAP device.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and display the most current information.
TSPEC Client Associations
The TSPEC Client Associations page provides real-time information about the TSPEC client
data transmitted and received by this access point. The tables on the TSPEC Client
Associations page show voice and video packets transmitted and received since the
association started, along with status information.
Status and Statistics
TSPEC Client Associations
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A TSPEC is a traffic specification that is sent from a QoS-capable wireless client to a WAP
device requesting a certain amount of network access for the Traffic Stream (TS) it represents.
A traffic stream is a collection of data packets identified by the wireless client as belonging to
a particular user priority. An example of a voice traffic stream is a Wi-Fi CERTIFIED
telephone handset that marks its codec-generated data packets as voice priority traffic. An
example of a video traffic stream is a video player application on a wireless laptop that
prioritizes a video conference feed from a corporate server.
To view TSPEC client association statistics, select Status and Statistics > TSPEC Client
Associations in the navigation pane.
The TSPEC Client Associations page shows this information:
Status and Statistics:
•Network Interface—Radio interface used by the client. WLAN0 represents radio 1 and
WLAN1 represents radio 2.
•SSID—Service set identifier associated with this TS client.
•Station—Client station MAC address.
•TS Identifier—TSPEC Traffic Session Identifier (range 0 to 7).
•Access Category—TS Access Category (voice or video).
•Direction—Traffic direction for this TS. Direction can be one of these options:
-uplink—From client to device.
-downlink—From device to client.
-bidirectional
•User Priority—User Priority (UP) for this TS. The UP is sent with each packet in the
UP portion of the IP header. Typical values are as follows:
-6 or 7 for voice
-4 or 5 for video
The value may differ depending on other priority traffic sessions.
•Medium Time—Time that the TS traffic occupies the transmission medium.
•Excess Usage Events—Number of times that the client has exceeded the medium time
established for its TSPEC. Minor, infrequent violations are ignored.
•VAP MAC Address—Virtual Access Point MAC address.
Statistics:
Status and Statistics
TSPEC Status and Statistics
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•Network Interface—Radio interface used by the client.
•Station—Client station MAC address.
•TS Identifier—TSPEC Traffic Session Identifier (range 0 to 7).
•Access Category—TS Access Category (voice or video).
•Direction—The traffic direction for this TS. Direction can be one of these options:
-uplink—From client to device.
-downlink—From device to client.
-bidirectional
•From Station—Shows the number of packets and bytes received from the wireless
client.
-Packets—Number of packets in excess of an admitted TSPEC.
-Bytes—Number of bytes when no TSPEC has been established and admission is
required by the WAP device.
•To Station—The number of packets and bytes transmitted from the WAP device to the
wireless client.
-Packets—Number of packets in excess of an admitted TSPEC.
-Bytes—Number of bytes for which no TSPEC has been established when
admission is required by the WAP device.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
TSPEC Status and Statistics
The TSPEC Status and Statistics page provides this information:
•Summary information about TSPEC sessions by radio.
•Summary information about TSPEC sessions by VAP.
•Real-time transmit and receive statistics for the radio interface and the network
interface(s).
All of the transmit and receive statistics shown are totals since the WAP device was last
started. If you reboot the WAP device, these figures indicate transmit and receive totals since
the reboot.
Status and Statistics
TSPEC Status and Statistics
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To view TSPEC status and statistics, select Status and Statistics > TSPEC Status and Statistics
in the navigation pane.
The TSPEC Status and Statistics page provides this status information for the WLAN (Radio)
and VAP interfaces:
•Network Interface—Name of the Radio or VAP interface. WLAN0 represents radio 1
and WLAN1 represents radio 2.
•Access Category—Current Access Category associated with this Traffic Stream (voice
or video).
•Status—Whether the TSPEC session is enabled (up) or not (down) for the
corresponding Access Category.
NOTE Status is a configuration status (it does not necessarily represent the current
session activity).
•Active Traffic Stream—Number of currently active TSPEC Traffic Streams for this
radio and Access Category.
•Traffic Stream Clients—Number of Traffic Stream clients associated with this radio
and Access Category.
•Medium Time Admitted—Time allocated for this Access Category over the
transmission medium to carry data. This value should be less than or equal to the
maximum bandwidth allowed over the medium for this TS.
•Medium Time Unallocated—Time of unused bandwidth for this Access Category.
These statistics appear separately for the transmit and receive paths on the wireless radio
interface:
•Access Category—The Access Category associated with this Traffic Stream (voice or
video).
•Total Packets—Total number of TS packets sent (in Transmit table) or received (in
Received table) by this Radio for the specified Access Category.
•Total Bytes—Total number of bytes received in the specified access category.
These statistics appear separately for the transmit and receive paths on the network interfaces
(VAPs):
•Total Voice Packets—Total number of TS voice packets sent (in Transmit table) or
received (in Received table) by this WAP device for this VAP.
•Total Voice Bytes—Total TS voice bytes sent (in Transmit table) or received (in
Received table) by this WAP device for this VAP.
Status and Statistics
TSPEC AP Statistics
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•Total Video Packets—Total number of TS video packets sent (in Transmit table) or
received (in Received table) by this WAP device for this VAP.
•Total Video Bytes—Total TS video bytes sent (in Transmit table) or received (in
Received table) by this WAP device for this VAP.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
TSPEC AP Statistics
The TSPEC AP Statistics page provides information on the voice and video Traffic Streams
accepted and rejected by the WAP device. To view the TSPEC AP Statistics page, select Status
and Statistics > TSPEC AP Statistics in the navigation pane.
•TSPEC Statistics Summary for Voice ACM—The total number of accepted and the
total number of rejected voice traffic streams.
•TSPEC Statistics Summary for Video ACM—The total number of accepted and the
total number of rejected video traffic streams.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
Radio Statistics
You can use the Radio Statistics page to show packet-level and byte-level statistics for each
wireless radio interface. To view the Radio Statistics page, select Status and Statistics > Radio
Statistics in the navigation pane.
For the WAP371 device, select the Radio for which you want to view statistics.
•Packets Received—Total packets received by the WAP device.
•Packets Transmitted—Total packets transmitted by the WAP device.
•Bytes Received—Total bytes received by the WAP device.
•Bytes Transmitted—Total bytes transmitted by the WAP device.
•Packets Receive Dropped—Number of packets received by the WAP device that were
dropped.
•Packets Transmit Dropped—Number of packets transmitted by the WAP device that
were dropped.
Status and Statistics
Radio Statistics
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•Bytes Receive Dropped—Number of bytes received by the WAP device that were
dropped.
•Bytes Transmit Dropped—Number of bytes transmitted by the WAP device that were
dropped.
•Fragments Received—Number of fragmented frames received by the WAP device.
•Fragments Transmitted—Number of fragmented frames sent by the WAP device.
•Multicast Frames Received—Count of MSDU frames received with the multicast bit
set in the destination MAC address.
•Multicast Frames Transmitted—Count of successfully transmitted MSDU frames
where the multicast bit was set in the destination MAC address.
•Duplicate Frame Count—Number of times a frame was received and the Sequence
Control field indicates it was a duplicate.
•Failed Transmit Count—Number of times an MSDU was not transmitted successfully
due to transmit attempts exceeding either the short retry limit or the long retry limit.
•FCS Error Count—Count of FCS errors detected in a received MPDU frame.
•Transmit Retry Count—Number of times an MSDU is successfully transmitted after
one or more retries.
•ACK Failure Count—Count of ACK frames not received when expected.
•RTS Failure Count—Count of CTS frames not received in response to an RTS frame.
•WEP Undecryptable Count—Number of frames discarded because they could not be
decrypted by the radio. Frames can be discarded because the frame was not encrypted,
or it was encrypted with a privacy option not supported by the WAP device.
•RTS Success Count—Count of CTS frames received in response to an RTS frame.
•Multiple Retry Count—Number of times an MSDU is successfully transmitted after
more than one retry.
•Frames Transmitted Count—Count of each successfully transmitted MSDU.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
Status and Statistics
Email Alert Status
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 21
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Email Alert Status
The Email Alert Status page provides information about the email alerts sent based on the
syslog messages generated in the WAP device. To view the Email Alert Status page, select
Status and Statistics > Email Alert Status in the navigation pane.
•Email Alert Status—The Email Alert configured status. The status is either Enabled or
Disabled. The default is Disabled.
•Number of Emails Sent—The total number of emails sent. The range is an unsigned
integer of 32 bits. The default is 0.
•Number of Emails Failed—The total number of email failures. The range is an
unsigned integer of 32 bits. The default is 0.
•Time Last Email Sent—The day, date, and time when the last email was sent.
You can click Refresh to show the most current information.
Log
The Log page shows a list of system events that generated a log entry, such as login attempts
and configuration changes. The log is cleared upon a reboot and can be cleared by an
administrator. Up to 512 events can be shown. Older entries are removed from the list as
needed to make room for new events.
To view the Log page, select Status and Statistics > Log in the navigation pane.
•Time Stamp—The system time when the event occurred.
•Severity—Whether the event is due to an error (err) or is informational (info).
•Service—The software component associated with the event.
•Description—A description of the event.
You can click Refresh to refresh the screen and show the most current information.
You can click Clear All to clear all entries from the log.
3
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 22
Administration
This chapter describes how to configure global system settings and perform diagnostics.
It contains these topics:
• System Settings
• User Accounts
• Time Settings
• Log Settings
•Email Alert
• LED Display
• Management Access Control
• Manage Firmware
• Download/Backup Configuration File
• Configuration Files Properties
• Copy/Save Configuration
•Reboot
• Discovery—Bonjour
• Packet Capture
• Support Information
System Settings
The System Settings page enables you to configure information that identifies the WAP device
within the network.
Administration
User Accounts
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 23
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To configure system settings:
STEP 1 Select Administration > System Settings in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter the parameters:
•Host Name—Administratively assigned name for the WAP device. By convention, the
name is the fully qualified domain name of the node. The default host name is wap
concatenated with the last 6 hex digits of the MAC address of the WAP device. Host
Name labels can contain only letters, digits and hyphens. Host Name labels cannot
begin or end with a hyphen. No other symbols, punctuation characters, or blank spaces
are permitted. The Host Name can be 1 to 63 characters long.
•System Contact—A contact person for the WAP device. The System Contact can be 0
to 255 characters long and can include spaces and special characters.
•System Location—Description of the physical location of the WAP device. The System
Location can be 0 to 255 characters long and can include spaces and special characters.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
User Accounts
One management user is configured on the WAP device by default:
•User Name: cisco
•Password: cisco
You can use the User Accounts page to configure up to four additional users and to change a
user password.
Adding a User
To add a new user:
STEP 1 Select Administration > User Accounts in the navigation pane.
The User Account Table shows the currently configured users. The user cisco is preconfigured
in the system to have Read/Write privileges.
All other users can have Read Only Access, but not Read/Write access.
STEP 2 Click Add. A new row of text boxes appears.
Administration
User Accounts
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 24
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STEP 3 Check the box for the new user and select Edit.
STEP 4 Enter a User Name between 1 to 32 alphanumeric characters. Only numbers 0 to 9 and letters
a to z (upper or lower) are allowed for user names.
STEP 5 Enter a New Password between 1 and 64 characters and then enter the same password in the
Confirm New Password text box.
As you enter a password, the number and color of vertical bars changes to indicate the
password strength, as follows:
•Red—The password fails to meet the minimum complexity requirements.
•Orange—The password meets the minimum complexity requirements but the password
strength is weak.
•Green—The password is strong.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To delete a user, select the check box next to the user name and select Delete. To save your
deletion permanently, select Save when complete.
Changing a User Password
To change a user password:
STEP 1 Select Administration > User Accounts in the navigation pane.
The User Account Table shows the currently configured users. The user cisco is preconfigured
in the system to have Read/Write privileges. The password for the user cisco can be changed.
STEP 2 Select the user to configure and click Edit.
STEP 3 Enter a New Password between 1 and 64 characters and then enter the same password in the
Confirm New Password text box.
As you enter a password, the number and color of vertical bars changes to indicate the
password strength, as follows:
•Red—The password fails to meet the minimum complexity requirements.
•Orange—The password meets the minimum complexity requirements but the password
strength is weak.
•Green—The password is strong.
Administration
Time Settings
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 25
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STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE If you change your password, you must log in again to the system.
Time Settings
A system clock provides a network-synchronized time-stamping service for software events
such as message logs. You can configure the system clock manually or configure the WAP
device as a Network Time Protocol (NTP) client that obtains the clock data from a server.
Use the Time Settings page to set the system time manually or to configure the system to
acquire its time settings from a preconfigured NTP server. By default, the AP is configured to
obtain its time from a predefined list of NTP servers.
The current system time appears at the top of the page, along with the System Clock Source
option.
To use NTP to have the WAP device automatically acquire its time settings:
STEP 1 For the System Clock Source field, select Network Time Protocol (NTP).
STEP 2 Configure these parameters:
•NTP Server/IPv4/IPv6 Address Name—Specify the IPv4 address, IPv6 address, or
hostname of an NTP server. A default NTP server is listed.
A hostname can consist of one or more labels, which are sets of up to 63 alphanumeric
characters. If a hostname includes multiple labels, each is separated by a period (.). The
entire series of labels and periods can be up to 253 characters long.
•Time Zone—Select the time zone for your location.
STEP 3 Select Adjust Time for Daylight Savings if daylight savings time is applicable to your time
zone. When selected, configure these fields:
•Daylight Savings Start—Select the week, day, month, and time when daylight savings
time starts.
•Daylight Savings End—Select the week, day, month, and time when daylight savings
time ends.
•Daylight Savings Offset—Specify the number of minutes to move the clock forward
when daylight savings time begins and backward when it ends.
Administration
Log Settings
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 26
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STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
To manually configure the time settings:
STEP 1 For the System Clock Source field, select Manually.
STEP 2 Configure these parameters:
•System Date—Select the current month, day, and year date from the drop-down lists.
•System Time—Select the current hour and minutes in 24-hour clock format, such as
22:00:00 for 10 p.m.
•Time Zone—Select the time zone for your location.
STEP 3 Select Adjust Time for Daylight Savings if daylight savings time is applicable to your time
zone. When selected, configure these fields:
•Daylight Savings Start—Select the week, day, month, and time when daylight savings
time starts.
•Daylight Savings End—Select the week, day, month, and time when daylight savings
time ends.
•Daylight Savings Offset—Specify the number of minutes to move the clock forward
when daylight savings time begins and backward when it ends.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Log Settings
You can use the Log Settings page to enable log messages to be saved in permanent memory.
You can also send logs to a remote host.
Configuring the Persistent Log
If the system unexpectedly reboots, log messages can be useful to diagnose the cause.
However, log messages are erased when the system reboots unless you enable persistent
logging.
Administration
Log Settings
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 27
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!
CAUTION Enabling persistent logging can wear out the flash (nonvolatile) memory and degrade network
performance. Only enable persistent logging to debug a problem. Make sure that you disable
persistent logging after you finish debugging the problem.
To configure persistent logging:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Log Settings in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Configure the parameters:
•Persistence—Click Enable to save system logs to nonvolatile memory so that the logs
are kept when the WAP device reboots. You can save up to 128 log messages in the
nonvolatile memory. When the limit of 128 is reached, the oldest log message is
overwritten by the newest message. Clear this field to save system logs to volatile
memory. Logs in volatile memory are deleted when the system reboots.
•Severity—The minimum severity that an event must have for it to be written to the log
in nonvolatile memory. For example, if you specify 2 (critical), then critical, alert, and
emergency events are logged to nonvolatile memory. Error messages with a severity
level of 3 to 7 are written to volatile memory.
•Depth—The maximum number of messages, up to 512, that can be stored in volatile
memory. When the number you configure in this field is reached, the oldest log event is
overwritten by the newest log event. Note that the maximum number of log messages
that can be stored in nonvolatile memory (the persistent log) is 128, which is not
configurable.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Remote Log Server
The Kernel Log is a comprehensive list of system events (shown in the System Log) and
kernel messages such as error conditions.
You cannot view kernel log messages directly from the web interface. You must first set up a
remote log server to receive and capture logs. Then you can configure the WAP device to log
to the remote log server.
Remote log server collection for WAP device syslog messages provides these features:
•Allows aggregation of syslog messages from multiple APs
•Stores a longer history of messages than is kept on a single WAP device
Administration
Email Alert
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 28
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•Triggers scripted management operations and alerts
To specify a host on your network to serve as a remote log server:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Log Settings in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Configure the parameters:
•Remote Log—Enables the AP to send log messages to a remote host. When disabled,
all log messages are kept on the local system.
•Server IPv4/IPv6 Address/Name—The IPv4 or IPv6 address, or the hostname of the
remote log server.
A hostname can consist of one or more labels, which are sets of up to 63 alphanumeric
characters. If a hostname includes multiple labels, each is separated by a period (.). The
entire series of labels and periods can be up to 253 characters long.
•UDP Port—The logical port number for the syslog process on the remote host. The
range is from 1 to 65535. The default port is 514.
Using the default port is recommended. If you choose to reconfigure the log port, make
sure that the port number you assign to syslog is available for use.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
If you enabled a Remote Log host, clicking Save activates remote logging. The WAP device
sends its kernel messages real-time for display to the remote log server monitor, a specified
kernel log file, or other storage, depending on your configurations.
If you disabled a Remote Log host, clicking Save disables remote logging.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
Email Alert
Use the email alert feature to send messages to the configured email addresses when particular
system events occur.
The feature supports mail server configuration, message severity configuration, and up to
three email address configurations to send urgent and non-urgent email alerts.
Administration
Email Alert
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 29
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TIP Do not use your personal email address, which would unnecessarily expose your personal email
login credentials. Use a separate email account instead. Also be aware that many email accounts
keep a copy of all sent messages by default. Anyone with access to this email account has access
to the sent messages. Review your email settings to ensure that they are appropriate for the
privacy policy of your business.
To configure the AP to send email alerts:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Email Alert in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 In the Global Configuration area, configure these parameters:
•Administrative Mode—Choose to enable the email alert feature globally.
•From Email Address—Enter the address to show as the sender of the email. The address
is a 255 character string with only printable characters. No address is configured by
default.
•Log Duration—Choose the frequency at which scheduled messages are sent. The range
is from 30 to 1440 minutes. The default is 30 minutes.
•Scheduled Message Severity—Log messages of this severity level or higher are
grouped and sent to the configuration email address at the frequency specified by the
Log Duration. Select from these values: None, Emergency, Alert, Critical, Error,
Warning, Notice, Info, and Debug. If set to None, then no scheduled severity messages
are sent. The default severity is Warning.
•Urgent Message Severity—Log messages of this severity level or higher are sent to the
configured email address immediately. Select from these values: None, Emergency,
Alert, Critical, Error, Warning, Notice, Info, and Debug. If set to None, then no urgent
severity messages are sent. The default is Alert.
STEP 3 In the Mail Server Configuration area, configure these parameters:
•Server IPv4 Address/Name—Enter the IP address or hostname of the outgoing SMTP
server. (You can check with your email provider for the hostname.) The server address
must be a valid IPv4 address or hostname. The IPv4 address should be in a form similar
to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (192.0.2.10).
A hostname can consist of one or more labels, which are sets of up to 63 alphanumeric
characters. If a hostname includes multiple labels, each is separated by a period (.). The
entire series of labels and periods can be up to 253 characters long.
Administration
Email Alert
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 30
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•Data Encryption—Enter the mode of security for the outbound email alert. The alert can
be sent using secure TLS protocol or the default Open protocol. Using secure TLSv1
protocol can prevent eavesdropping and tampering during the communication across
the public network.
•Port—Enter the SMTP port number to use for outbound e-mails. The range is a valid
port number from 0 to 65535. The default port is 465. The port generally depends on the
mode used by the email provider.
•Username—Enter the username for the email account that will be used to send these
mails. Typically (but not always) the username is the full email address including the
domain (such as Name@example.com). The specified account will be used as the email
address of the sender. The username can be from 1 to 64 alphanumeric characters.
•Password—Enter the password for the email account that will be used to send these
mails. The password can be from 1 to 64 characters.
STEP 4 Configure the email addresses and subject line.
•To Email Address 1/2/3—Enter up to three addresses to receive email alerts. Each email
address must be valid.
•Email Subject—Enter the text to appear in the email subject line. This can be up to a
255 character alphanumeric string.
STEP 5 Click Test Mail to send a test email to validate the configured email account.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Email Alert Examples
The following example shows how to fill in the Mail Server Configuration parameters:
Gmail
Server IPv4 Address/Name = smtp.gmail.com
Data Encryption = TLSv1
Port = 465
Username = Your full email address you can use to login to your email account
associated with the above server
Password = xxxxxxxx is a valid password of your valid email account
To Email Address 1 = myemail@gmail.com
Windows Live Hotmail
Windows Live Hotmail recommends the following settings:
Data Encryption: TLSv1
SMTP Server: smtp.live.com
SMTP Port: 587
Username: Your full email address, such as myName@hotmail.com or
myName@myDomain.com
Administration
LED Display
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 31
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Password: Your Windows Live account password
Yahoo! Mail
Yahoo requires using a paid account for this type of service. Yahoo
recommends the following settings:
Data Encryption: TLSv1
SMTP Server: plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com
SMTP Port: 465 or 587
Username: Your email address, without the domain name such as myName (without
@yahoo.com)
Password: Your Yahoo account password
The following example shows a sample format of a general log email:
From: AP-192.168.2.10@mailserver.com
Sent: Wednesday, September 09, 2009 11:16 AM
To: administrator@mailserver.com
Subject: log message from AP
TIME PriorityProcess Id Message
Sep 8 03:48:25 info login[1457] root login on ttyp0
Sep 8 03:48:26 info mini_http-ssl[1175] Max concurrent connections of 20
reached
LED Display
The WAP device has 3 LEDs: Power, Ethernet, and WLAN. Use the LED Display page to
enable or disable all the LEDs.
The LED Display is enabled by default. When LED Display is disabled, all the LEDs are
turned off. When enabled, they indicate corresponding status and activity of the WAP device.
To change the LED display:
STEP 1 Select Administration > LED Display in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click to enable the LEDs or clear Enable to disable the LEDs.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Administration
HTTP/HTTPS Service
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 32
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HTTP/HTTPS Service
Use the HTTP/HTTPS Service page to enable and configure web-based management
connections. If HTTPS is used for secure management sessions, you also use the HTTP/
HTTPS Service page to manage the required SSL certificates.
Configuring HTTP and HTTPS Services
To configure HTTP and HTTP services:
STEP 1 Select Administration > HTTP/HTTPS Service in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Configure these Global Settings:
•Maximum Sessions—The number of web sessions, including both HTTP and HTTPS,
that can be in use at the same time.
When a user logs on to the WAP device configuration utility, a session is created. This
session is maintained until the user logs off or the Session Timeout expires. The range
is from 1 to 10 sessions. The default is 5. If the maximum number of sessions is reached,
the next user who attempts to log on to the configuration utility receives an error
message about the session limit.
•Session Timeout—The maximum amount of time, in minutes, an inactive user remains
logged on to the WAP device configuration utility. When the configured timeout is
reached, the user is automatically logged off. The range is from 1 to 60 minutes. The
default is 10 minutes.
STEP 3 Configure HTTP and HTTPS services:
•HTTP Server—Enables access through HTTP. By default, HTTP access is enabled. If
you disable it, any current connections using that protocol are disconnected.
•HTTP Port—The logical port number to use for HTTP connections, from 1025 to
65535. The default port number for HTTP connections is the well-known IANA port
number 80.
•HTTPS Server—Enables access through secure HTTP. By default, HTTPS access is
enabled. If you disable it, any current connections using that protocol are disconnected.
•HTTPS Port—The logical port number to use for HTTP connections, from 1025 to
65535. The default port number for HTTP connections is the well-known IANA port
number 443.
•Redirect HTTP to HTTPS—Redirects management HTTP access attempts on the HTTP
port to the HTTPS port. This field is available only when HTTP access is disabled.
Administration
HTTP/HTTPS Service
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 33
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STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Managing SSL Certificates
To use HTTPS services, the WAP device must have a valid SSL certificate. The WAP device
can generate a certificate or you can download it from your network or from a TFTP server.
To generate the certificate with the WAP device, click Generate SSL Certificate. This should
be done after the AP has acquired an IP address to ensure that the common name for the
certificate matches the IP address of the AP. Generating a new SSL certificate restarts the
secure web server. The secure connection does not work until the new certificate is accepted
on the browser.
In the Certificate File Status area, you can view whether a certificate currently exists on the
WAP device, and view this information about it:
•Certificate File Present
•Certificate Expiration Date
•Certificate Issuer Common Name
If an SSL certificate (with a .pem extension) exists on the WAP device, you can download it to
your computer as a backup. In the Download SSL Certificate (From Device to PC) area, select
HTTP or TFTP for the Download Method and click Download.
•If you select HTTP, you are prompted to confirm the download and then to browse to
the location to save the file on your network.
•If you select TFTP, additional fields appear to enable you to enter the File Name to
assign to the downloaded file, and enter the TFTP server address where the file will be
downloaded.
You can also upload a certificate file (with a .pem extension) from your computer to the WAP
device. In the Upload SSL Certificate (From PC to Device) area, select HTTP or TFTP for the
Upload Method.
•For HTTP, browse to the network location, select the file, and click Upload.
•For TFTP, enter the File Name as it exists on the TFTP server and the TFTP Server
IPv4 Address, then click Upload. The filename cannot contain the following
characters: spaces, <, >, |, \, : , (, ), &, ; , #, ? , *, and two or more successive periods.
A confirmation appears when the upload was successful.
Administration
Management Access Control
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Management Access Control
You can create an access control list (ACL) that lists up to five IPv4 hosts and five IPv6 hosts
that are authorized to access the WAP device configuration utility. If this feature is disabled,
anyone can access the configuration utility from any network client by supplying the correct
WAP device username and password.
If the management ACL is enabled, access through the web and SNMP is restricted to the
specified IP hosts.
!
CAUTION Verify any IP address that you enter. If you enter an IP address that does not match your
Administrative computer, you will lose access to the configuration interface. It is highly
recommend to give the Administrative computer a static IP address, so the address does not
change over time.
To create an access list:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Management Access Control in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Enable for the Management ACL Mode.
STEP 3 Enter up to five IPv4 and five IPv6 addresses that will be allowed access.
STEP 4 Verify the IP addresses are correct.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Manage Firmware
The WAP device maintains two firmware images. One image is active and the other is
inactive. If the active image fails to load during bootup, the inactive image is loaded and
becomes the active image. You can also swap the active and inactive images.
As new versions of the AP firmware become available, you can upgrade the firmware on your
devices to take advantage of new features and enhancements. The AP uses a TFTP or HTTP
client for firmware upgrades.
After you upload new firmware and the system reboots, the newly added firmware becomes
the primary image. If the upgrade fails, the original firmware remains as the primary image.
Administration
Manage Firmware
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 35
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NOTE When you upgrade the firmware, the access point retains the existing configuration
information.
Swapping the Firmware Image
To swap the firmware image running on the AP:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Manage Firmware in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Swap Active Image.
A dialog box appears confirming the firmware image switch and subsequent reboot.
STEP 3 Click OK to proceed.
The process may take several minutes, during which time the access point is unavailable. Do
not power down the access point while the image switch is in process. When the image switch
is complete, the access point restarts. The AP resumes normal operation with the same
configuration settings it had before the upgrade.
TFTP Upgrade
To upgrade the firmware on an access point using TFTP:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Manage Firmware in the navigation pane.
The Product ID (PID VID) and active and inactive firmware versions appear.
STEP 2 Select TFTP for Transfer Method.
STEP 3 Enter a name (1 to 256 characters) for the image file in the Source File Name field, including
the path to the directory that contains the image to upload.
For example, to upload the ap_upgrade.tar image located in the /share/builds/ap directory,
enter: /share/builds/ap/ap_upgrade.tar
The firmware upgrade file supplied must be a tar file. Do not attempt to use bin files or files of
other formats for the upgrade; these types of files do not work.
The filename cannot contain the following items: spaces, <, >, |, \, : , (, ), &, ; , #, ? , *, and two
or more successive periods.
STEP 4 Enter the TFTP Server IPv4 Address and click Upgrade.
Administration
Download/Backup Configuration File
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 36
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Uploading the new software may take several minutes. Do not refresh the page or navigate to
another page while uploading the new software, or the software upload is aborted. When the
process is complete the access point restarts and resumes normal operation.
STEP 5 To verify that the firmware upgrade completed successfully, log into the user interface and
display the Upgrade Firmware page and view the active firmware version.
HTTP Upgrade
To upgrade using HTTP:
STEP 1 Select HTTP for Transfer Method.
STEP 2 If you know the name and path to the new file, enter it in the Source File Name field.
Otherwise, click the Browse button and locate the firmware image file on your network.
The firmware upgrade file supplied must be a tar file. Do not attempt to use bin files or files of
other formats for the upgrade; these types of files do not work.
STEP 3 Click Upgrade to apply the new firmware image.
Uploading the new software may take several minutes. Do not refresh the page or navigate to
another page while uploading the new software, or the software upload is aborted. When the
process is complete, the access point restarts and resumes normal operation.
STEP 4 To verify that the firmware upgrade completed successfully, log into the user interface, display
the Upgrade Firmware page, and view the active firmware version.
Download/Backup Configuration File
The AP configuration files are in XML format and contain all the information about the WAP
device settings. You can back up (upload) the configuration files to a network host or TFTP
server to manually edit the content or create backups. After you edit a backed-up configuration
file, you can download it to the access point to modify the configuration.
The AP maintains these configuration files:
•Startup Configuration—The configuration file saved to flash memory.
•Backup Configuration—An additional configuration file saved on the WAP device for
use as a backup.
•Mirror Configuration—If the Startup Configuration is not modified for at least 24
hours, it is automatically saved to a Mirror Configuration file. The Mirror
Administration
Download/Backup Configuration File
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 37
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Configuration file is a snapshot of a past Startup Configuration. The Mirror
Configuration is preserved across factory resets, so it can be used to recover a system
configuration after a factory reset by copying the Mirror Configuration to the Startup
Configuration.
NOTE In addition to downloading and uploading these files to another system, you can copy them to
different file types on the WAP device. See Copy/Save Configuration.
Backing Up a Configuration File
To back up (upload) the configuration file to a network host or TFTP server:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Download/Backup Configuration File in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Via TFTP or Via HTTP/HTTPS as the Transfer Method.
STEP 3 Select Backup (AP to PC) as the Save Action.
STEP 4 For a TFTP backup only, enter the Destination File Name with an .xml extension. Also include
the path where the file is to be placed on the server and then enter the TFTP Server IPv4
Address.
The filename cannot contain the following characters: spaces, <, >, |, \, : , (, ), &, ; , #, ? , *, and
two or more successive periods.
STEP 5 For a TFTP backup only, enter the TFTP Server IPv4 Address.
STEP 6 Select which configuration file you want to back up:
•Startup Configuration—Configuration file type used when the WAP device last booted.
This does not include any configuration changes applied but not yet saved to the WAP
device.
•Backup Configuration—Backup configuration file type saved on the WAP device.
•Mirror Configuration—If the Startup Configuration is not modified for at least 24 hours,
it is automatically saved to a Mirror Configuration file. The Mirror Configuration file is
a snapshot of a past Startup Configuration. The Mirror Configuration is preserved
across factory resets, so it can be used to recover a system configuration after a factory
reset by copying the Mirror Configuration to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 7 Click Save to begin the backup. For HTTP backups, a window appears to enable you to
browse to the desired location for saving the file.
Downloading a Configuration File
You can download a file to the AP to update the configuration or to restore the AP to a
previously backed-up configuration.
Administration
Configuration Files Properties
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 38
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To download a configuration file to the WAP device:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Download/Backup Configuration File in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Via TFTP or Via HTTP/HTTPS as the Transfer Method.
STEP 3 Select Download (PC to AP) as the Save Action.
STEP 4 For a TFTP download only, enter the Source File Name with an .xml extension. Include the
path (where the file exists on the server) and enter the TFTP Server IPv4 Address.
The filename cannot contain the following characters: spaces, <, >, |, \, : , (, ), &, ; , #, ? , *, and
two or more successive periods.
STEP 5 Select which configuration file on the AP that you want replaced with the downloaded file: the
Startup Configuration or the Backup Configuration.
If the downloaded file overwrites the Startup Configuration file, and the file passes a validity
check, then the downloaded configuration takes effect the next time the AP reboots.
STEP 6 Click Save to begin the upgrade or backup. For HTTP downloads, a window appears to enable
you to browse to select the file to download. When the download is finished, a window
indicates success.
!
CAUTION Ensure that power to the AP remains uninterrupted while the configuration file is downloading.
If a power failure occurs while downloading the configuration file, the file is lost and the
process must be restarted.
Configuration Files Properties
The Configuration Files Properties page enables you to clear the Startup or Backup
Configuration file. If you clear the Startup Configuration file, the Backup Configuration file
becomes active the next time that you reboot the AP.
When the AP comes up, it tries to apply the startup configuration. If there is any issue seen
with startup configuration then the AP tries to apply the mirror configuration. If mirror
configuration cannot be applied for some reason, then the AP tries the backup configuration.
To delete the Startup Configuration or Backup Configuration file:
Administration
Copy/Save Configuration
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 39
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STEP 1 Select Administration > Configuration Files Properties in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select the Startup Configuration, or Backup Configuration file type.
STEP 3 Click Clear Files.
Copy/Save Configuration
The Copy/Save Configuration page enables you to copy files within the AP file system. For
example, you can copy the Backup Configuration file to the Startup Configuration file type, so
that it is used the next time you boot up the WAP device.
To copy a file to another file type:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Copy/Save Configuration in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select the Source File Name:
•Startup Configuration—Configuration file type used when the WAP device last booted.
This does not include any configuration changes applied but not yet saved to the WAP
device.
•Backup Configuration—Backup configuration file type saved on the WAP device.
•Mirror Configuration—If the Startup Configuration is not modified for at least 24 hours,
it is automatically saved to a Mirror Configuration file. The Mirror Configuration file is
a snapshot of a past Startup Configuration. The Mirror Configuration is preserved
across factory resets, so it can be used to recover a system configuration after a factory
reset by copying the Mirror Configuration to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 3 For the Destination File Name, select the file type to be replaced with the file you are copying.
STEP 4 Click Save to begin the copy process.
When complete, a window shows the message, Copy Operation Successful.
Reboot
You can use the Reboot page reboot the AP.
Administration
Discovery—Bonjour
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 40
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STEP 1 To reboot the WAP, select Administration > Reboot in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select one of these options:
•Reboot—Reboots the WAP using Startup Configuration.
•Reboot to Factory Default—Reboots the WAP using the factory default configuration
file. Any customized settings are lost.
A window appears to enable you to confirm or cancel the reboot. The current management
session might be terminated.
STEP 3 Click OK to reboot.
Discovery—Bonjour
Bonjour enables the AP and its services to be discovered by using multicast DNS (mDNS).
Bonjour advertises services to the network and answers queries for the service types that it
supports, simplifying network configuration in small business environments.
The AP advertises these service types:
•Cisco-specific device description (csco-sb)—This service enables clients to discover
Cisco WAP devices and other products deployed in small business networks.
•Management user interfaces—This service identifies the management interfaces
available on the WAP device (HTTP, HTTPS and SNMP).
When a Bonjour-enabled WAP device is attached to a network, any Bonjour client can
discover and get access to the configuration utility without prior configuration.
A system administrator can use an installed Internet Explorer plug-in to discover the WAP
device. The web-based configuration utility shows up as a tab in the browser.
Bonjour works in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Bonjour is enabled by default. To change the administrative status:
STEP 1 Select Administration > Discovery - Bonjour in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Enable to enable Bonjour or clear Enable to disable Bonjour.
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 41
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STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Packet Capture
The wireless packet capture feature enables capturing and storing packets received and
transmitted by the WAP device. The captured packets can then be analyzed by a network
protocol analyzer, for troubleshooting or performance optimization. There are two methods of
packet capture:
•Local capture method— Captured packets are stored in a file on the WAP device. The
WAP device can transfer the file to a TFTP server or download by HTTP(S) to a
computer. The file is formatted in pcap format and can be examined using tools such as
Wireshark and OmniPeek.
•Remote capture method—Captured packets are redirected in real time to an external
computer running the Wireshark tool.
The WAP device can capture these types of packets:
•802.11 packets received and transmitted on radio interfaces. Packets captured on radio
interfaces include the 802.11 header.
•802.3 packets received and transmitted on the Ethernet interface.
•802.3 packets received and transmitted on the internal logical interfaces such as VAPs
and WDS interfaces.
Click Administration > Packet Capture to show the Packet Capture page. From the Packet
Capture page you can:
•Configure packet capture parameters.
•Start a local or remote packet capture.
•View the current packet capture status.
•Download a packet capture file.
Packet Capture Configuration
The Packet Capture Configuration area enables you to configure parameters and initiate a
packet capture.
To configure packet capture settings:
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 42
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STEP 1 Configure these parameters:
•Capture Beacons—Enables or disables the capturing of 802.11 beacons detected or
transmitted by the radio.
•Promiscuous Capture—Enables or disables promiscuous mode when the capture is
active.
In promiscuous mode, the radio receives all traffic on the channel, including traffic that
is not destined to this WAP device. While the radio is operating in promiscuous mode,
it continues serving associated clients. Packets not destined to the WAP device are not
forwarded.
As soon as the capture is completed, the radio reverts to nonpromiscuous mode
operation.
•Radio Client Filter—Enables or disables the WLAN client filter to capture only frames
that are transmitted to, or received from, a WLAN client with a specified MAC address.
•Client Filter MAC Address—Specifies the MAC address for WLAN client filtering.
NOTE The MAC filter is active only when a capture is performed on an 802.11
interface.
•Packet Capture Method—Select one of these options:
-Local File—Captured packets are stored in a file on the WAP device.
-Remote—Captured packets are redirected in real time to an external computer
running the Wireshark tool.
STEP 2 Depending on the selected method, refer to the steps in the Local Packet Capture or Remote
Packet Capture section to continue.
NOTE Changes to packet capture configuration parameters take affect after packet capture is restarted.
Modifying the parameters while the packet capture is running does not affect the current packet
capture session. To begin using new parameter values, an existing packet capture session must
be stopped and restarted.
Local Packet Capture
To initiate a local packet capture:
STEP 1 Ensure that Local File is selected for the Packet Capture Method.
STEP 2 Configure these parameters:
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 43
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•Capture Interface—Enter a capture interface type for packet capture:
-radio1—802.11 traffic on the radio interface Radio 1.
-radio2—802.11 traffic on Radio 2.
-eth0—802.3 traffic on the Ethernet port.
-wlan0—VAP0 traffic on Radio 1.
-wlan1—VAP0 traffic on Radio 2
-wlan0vap1 to wlan0vap7—Traffic on the specified VAP on Radio 1.
-wlan1vap1 to wlan1vap 7—Traffic on the specified VAP on Radio 2.
-wlan0wds0 to wlan0wds3—Traffic on the specified WDS interface.
-brtrunk—Linux bridge interface in the WAP device.
•Capture Duration—Enter the time duration in seconds for the capture. The range is from
10 to 3600. The default is 60.
•Max Capture File Size—Enter the maximum allowed size for the capture file in KB.
The range is from 64 to 4096. The default is 1024.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 4 Click Start Capture.
In Packet File Capture mode, the WAP device stores captured packets in the RAM file system.
Upon activation, the packet capture proceeds until one of these events occurs:
•The capture time reaches the configured duration.
•The capture file reaches its maximum size.
•The administrator stops the capture.
The Packet Capture Status area of the page shows the status of a packet capture, if one is active
on the WAP device.
•Current Capture Status—Whether packet capture is running or stopped.
•Packet Capture Time—Elapsed capture time.
•Packet Capture File Size—The current capture file size.
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 44
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Click Refresh to show the latest data from the WAP device.
NOTE To stop a packet file capture, click Stop Capture.
Remote Packet Capture
The Remote Packet Capture feature enables you to specify a remote port as the destination for
packet captures. This feature works in conjunction with the Wireshark network analyzer tool
for Windows. A packet capture server runs on the WAP device and sends the captured packets
through a TCP connection to the Wireshark tool. Wireshark is an open source tool and is
available for free; it can be downloaded from http://www.wireshark.org.
A Microsoft Windows computer running the Wireshark tool allows you to display, log, and
analyze captured traffic. The remote packet capture facility is a standard feature of the
Wireshark tool for Windows. Linux version does not work with the WAP device.
When remote capture mode is in use, the WAP device does not store any captured data locally
in its file system.
If a firewall is installed between the Wireshark computer and the WAP device, the traffic for
these ports must be allowed to pass through the firewall. The firewall must also be configured
to allow the Wireshark computer to initiate a TCP connection to the WAP device.
To initiate a remote capture on a WAP device:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Packet Capture.
STEP 2 Enable Promiscuous Capture.
STEP 3 For the Packet Capture Method, select Remote.
STEP 4 For the Remote Capture Port, use the default port (2002), or if you are using a port other than
the default, enter the desired port number used for connecting Wireshark to the WAP device.
The port range is from 1025 to 65530.
STEP 5 If you want to save the settings for use at another time, click Save.
STEP 6 Click Start Capture.
To initiate the Wireshark network analyzer tool for Microsoft Windows:
STEP 1 On the same computer, initiate the Wireshark tool.
STEP 2 In the menu, select Capture > Options. A popup window appears.
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 45
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STEP 3 At Interface, select Remote. A popup window appears.
STEP 4 At Host, enter the IP address of the WAP device.
STEP 5 At Port, enter the port number of the WAP. For example, enter 2002 if you used the default, or
enter the port number if you used a port other than the default.
STEP 6 Click OK.
STEP 7 Select the interface from which you need to capture packets. At the Wireshark popup window,
next to the IP address, there is a pull-down list for you to select the interfaces. The interface
can be one of the following:
Linux bridge interface in the wap device
--rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/brtrunk
Wired LAN interface
-- rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/eth0
VAP0 traffic on radio 1
-- rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/wlan0
802.11 traffic
-- rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/radio1
At WAP371, VAP1 ~ VAP7 traffic for radio 1
-- rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/wlan0vap1 ~ wlan0vap7
At WAP371, VAP1 ~ VAP7 traffic for radio 2
-- rpcap://[192.168.1.220]:2002/wlan1vap1 ~ wlan1vap7
You can trace up to four interfaces on the WAP device at the same time. However, you must
start a separate Wireshark session for each interface. To initiate additional remote capture
sessions, repeat the Wireshark configuration steps; no configuration needs to be done on the
WAP device.
NOTE The system uses four consecutive port numbers, starting with the configured port for the remote
packet capture sessions. Verify that you have four consecutive port numbers available. We
recommend that if you do not use the default port, use a port number greater than 1024.
When you are capturing traffic on the radio interface, you can disable beacon capture, but
other 802.11 control frames are still sent to Wireshark. You can set up a display filter to show
only:
•Data frames in the trace
•Traffic on specific Basic Service Set IDs (BSSIDs)
•Traffic between two clients
Some examples of useful display filters are:
•Exclude beacons and ACK/RTS/CTS frames:
!(wlan.fc.type_subtype == 8 | | wlan.fc.type == 1)
Administration
Packet Capture
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 46
3
•Data frames only:
wlan.fc.type == 2
•Traffic on a specific BSSID:
wlan.bssid == 00:02:bc:00:17:d0
•All traffic to and from a specific client:
wlan.addr == 00:00:e8:4e:5f:8e
In remote capture mode, traffic is sent to the computer running Wireshark through one of the
network interfaces. Depending on the location of the Wireshark tool, the traffic can be sent on
an Ethernet interface or one of the radios. To avoid a traffic flood caused by tracing the
packets, the WAP device automatically installs a capture filter to filter out all packets destined
to the Wireshark application. For example, if the Wireshark IP port is configured to be 58000,
then this capture filter is automatically installed on the WAP device:
not portrange 58000-58004
Due to performance and security issues, the packet capture mode is not saved in NVRAM on
the WAP device; if the WAP device resets, the capture mode is disabled and then you must
reenable it to resume capturing traffic. Packet capture parameters (other than mode) are saved
in NVRAM.
Enabling the packet capture feature can create a security issue: Unauthorized clients may be
able to connect to the WAP device and trace user data. The performance of the WAP device
also is negatively impacted during packet capture, and this impact continues to a lesser extent
even when there is no active Wireshark session. To minimize the performance impact on the
WAP device during traffic capture, install capture filters to limit which traffic is sent to the
Wireshark tool. When capturing 802.11 traffic, a large portion of the captured frames tends to
be beacons (typically sent every 100 ms by all APs). Although Wireshark supports a display
filter for beacon frames, it does not support a capture filter to prevent the WAP device from
forwarding captured beacon packets to the Wireshark tool. To reduce the performance impact
of capturing the 802.11 beacons, disable the capture beacons mode.
Packet Capture File Download
You can download a capture file by TFTP to a configured TFTP server, or by HTTP(S) to a
computer. The capture file is located in the RAM file system, it disappears if the WAP device
is reset.
To download a packet capture file using TFTP:
Administration
Support Information
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 47
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STEP 1 Select Use TFTP to download the capture file.
STEP 2 Enter the TFTP Server Filename to download if different from the default. By default, the
captured packets are stored in the folder file /tmp/apcapture.pcap on the WAP device.
STEP 3 Specify a TFTP Server IPv4 Address in the field provided.
STEP 4 Click Download.
To download a packet capture file using HTTP:
STEP 1 Clear Use TFTP to download the captured file.
STEP 2 Click Download. A confirmation window appears.
STEP 3 Click OK. A dialog box displays that enables you to choose a network location to save the file.
Support Information
The Support Information page enables you to download a text file that contains detailed
configuration information about the AP. The file includes software and hardware version
information, MAC and IP addresses, the administrative and operational status of features,
user-configured settings, traffic statistics, and more. You can provide the text file to technical
support personnel to assist them in troubleshooting problems.
To show the Support Information page, select Administration > Support Information in the
navigation pane.
Click Download to generate the file based on current system settings. After a short pause, a
window appears to enable you to save the file to your computer.
Administration
Support Information
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 48
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4
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 49
LAN
This chapter describes how to configure the port, network, and clock settings of the WAP
devices.
It includes these topics:
• Port Settings
• VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings
• IPv6 Addresses
•IPv6 Tunnel
• LLDP
Port Settings
The Port Settings page enables you to view and configure settings for the port that physically
connects the WAP device to a local area network.
To view and configure LAN settings:
STEP 1 Select LAN > Port Settings in the navigation area.
The Operational Status area shows the type of port used for the LAN port and the Link
characteristics, as configured in the Administrative Settings area. If the settings change
through configuration or auto negotiation, you can click Refresh to show the latest settings.
STEP 2 Enable or disable Auto Negotiation.
•When enabled, the port negotiates with its link partner to set the fastest link speed and
duplex mode available.
•When disabled, you can manually configure the port speed and duplex mode.
STEP 3 If autonegotiation is disabled, select a Port Speed (10/100 Mb/s) and the duplex mode (Half-
or Full-duplex).
LAN
VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 50
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STEP 4 Enable or disable Green Ethernet Mode.
•Green Ethernet Mode is a power-saving mode that reduces Ethernet chip power. When
the signal from a link partner is not present.
•The Green Ethernet Mode is enabled, the WAP device automatically enters a low-power
mode when energy on the line is lost, and it resumes normal operation when energy is
detected. In addition, during low link utilization, both ends of the Ethernet link can
disable portions of the physical layer circuitry to save power.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings
You can use the VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings page to configure settings for the LAN
interface, including static or dynamic IPv4 address assignment.
To configure LAN settings:
STEP 1 Select LAN > VLAN and IPv4 Address in the navigation area.
The page shows Global Settings and IPv4 Settings. The Global Settings area shows the MAC
address of the LAN interface port. This field is read-only.
STEP 2 Configure these Global Settings:
•Untagged VLAN—Enables or disables VLAN tagging. When enabled (the default), all
traffic is tagged with a VLAN ID.
By default all traffic on the access point uses VLAN 1, the default untagged VLAN.
This means that all traffic is untagged until you disable the untagged VLAN, change the
untagged traffic VLAN ID, or change the VLAN ID for a VAP or client using RADIUS.
•Untagged VLAN ID—Specifies a number between 1 and 4094 for the untagged VLAN
ID. The default is 1. Traffic on the VLAN that you specify in this field is not be tagged
with a VLAN ID when forwarded to the network.
VLAN 1 is the both default untagged VLAN and the default management VLAN. If you
want to segregate management traffic from the untagged VLAN traffic, configure the
new VLAN ID at your router, and then use this new VLAN ID on your WAP device.
•Management VLAN ID—The VLAN associated with the IP address you use to access
the WAP device. Provide a number between 1 and 4094 for the Management VLAN ID.
The default is 1.
LAN
IPv6 Addresses
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 51
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This VLAN is also the default untagged VLAN. If you already have a management
VLAN configured on your network with a different VLAN ID, you must change the
VLAN ID of the management VLAN on the WAP device.
STEP 3 Configure these IPv4 settings:
•Connection Type—By default, the DHCP client on the WAP371 automatically
broadcasts requests for network information. If you want to use a static IP address, you
must disable the DHCP client and manually configure the IP address and other network
information.
Select one of these values from the list:
-DHCP—The AP acquires its IP address from a DHCP server on the LAN.
-Static IP—You manually configure the IPv4 address. The IPv4 address should be in
a form similar to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (192.0.2.10).
•Static IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway—If you elected to assign a static
IP address, enter the IP information.
•Domain Name Servers—Select an option from the list:
-Dynamic—The AP acquires DNS server addresses from a DHCP server on the
LAN.
-Manual—You manually configure one or more DNS server addresses. Enter up to
two IP addresses in the text boxes.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
IPv6 Addresses
You can use the IPv6 Addresses page to configure the WAP device to use IPv6 addresses.
To configure IPv6 address settings:
STEP 1 Select LAN > IPv6 Addresses in the navigation area.
STEP 2 Configure the following settings:
•IPv6 Connection Type—Choose how the WAP device obtains an IPv6 address:
LAN
IPv6 Addresses
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 52
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-DHCPv6—The IPv6 address is assigned by a DHCPv6 server.
-Static IPv6—You manually configure the IPv6 address. The IPv6 address must be
either full explicit address (eight hexadecimal quads separated by colons,
xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx or the condensed format like
2001:DB8::FFFF:CA0:0:0.
NOTE When Static IPv6 is configured, then DHCPv6 will be down. When DHCPv6 is configured,
Static IPv6 can be operational if configuration exists.
•IPv6 Administration Mode—Enables IPv6 management access.
•IPv6 Auto Configuration Administration Mode—Enables IPv6 automatic address
configuration on the WAP device.
When enabled, the AP learns its IPv6 addresses and gateway by processing the Router
Advertisements received on the LAN port. The WAP device can have multiple
autoconfigured IPv6 addresses.
•Static IPv6 Address—The static IPv6 address. The WAP device can have a static IPv6
address even if addresses have already been configured automatically.
•Static IPv6 Address Prefix Length—The prefix length of the static address, which is an
integer in the range of 0 to 128. The default is 0.
•Static IPv6 Address Status—One of the following values appears:
-Operational—The IP address has been verified as unique on the LAN and is usable
on the interface.
-Tentative—The WAP device initiates a duplicate address detection (DAD) process
automatically when a static IP address is assigned. An IPv6 address is in the
tentative state while it is being verified as unique on the network. While in this state,
the IPv6 address cannot be used to transmit or receive ordinary traffic.
-Blank (no value)—No IP address is assigned or the assigned address is not
operational.
•IPv6 Autoconfigured Global Addresses—If the WAP device has been assigned one or
more IPv6 addresses automatically, the addresses are listed.
•IPv6 Link Local Address—The IPv6 address used by the local physical link. The link
local address is not configurable and is assigned by using the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
process.
•Default IPv6 Gateway—The statically configured default IPv6 gateway.
•IPv6 DNS Nameservers—Select one of the following values:
LAN
IPv6 Tunnel
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 53
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-Dynamic—The DNS name servers are learned dynamically through DHCPv6.
-Manual—You specify up to two IPv6 DNS name servers in the fields provided.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
IPv6 Tunnel
The WAP371 devices support the Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP).
ISATAP enables the WAP device to transmit IPv6 packets encapsulated within IPv4 packets
over the LAN. The protocol enables the WAP device to communicate with remote IPv6-
capable hosts even when the LAN that connects them does not support IPv6.
The WAP device acts as an ISATAP client. An ISATAP enabled host or router must reside on
the LAN. The IP address or hostname of the router is configured on the WAP device (by
default, it is isatap). If configured as a hostname, the WAP device communicates with a DNS
server to resolve the name into one or more ISATAP router addresses. The WAP device then
sends solicit messages to the router(s). When an ISATAP-enabled router replies with an
advertisement message, the WAP device and router establish the tunnel. The tunnel interface is
assigned a link-local and a global IPv6 address, which serve as virtual IPv6 interfaces on the
IPv4 network.
When IPv6 hosts initiate communication with the WAP device connected via the ISATAP
router, the IPv6 packets are encapsulated into IPv4 packets by the ISATAP router.
To configure an IPv6 tunnel using ISATAP:
STEP 1 Select LAN > IPv6 Tunnel in the navigation area.
STEP 2 Configure the following parameters:
•ISATAP Status—Enables or disables the administrative mode of ISATAP on the WAP
device.
•ISATAP Capable Host—The IP address or DNS name of the ISATAP router. The default
value is isatap.
LAN
LLDP
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 54
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•ISATAP Query Interval—Specifies how often the AP should send queries to the DNS
server to attempt to resolve the ISATAP host name into an IP address. The WAP sends
DNS queries only when the IP address of an ISATAP router is unknown. The valid range
is 120 to 3600 seconds. The default value is 120 seconds.
•ISATAP Solicitation Interval—Specifies how often the WAP should send router
solicitation messages to the ISATAP router(s) it learns about through the DNS query
messages. The WAP sends router solicitation messages only when there is no active
ISATAP router. The valid range is 120 to 3600 seconds. The default value is 120
seconds.
STEP 3 Click Save. The settings are saved to the Startup Configuration.
When the tunnel is established, the ISATAP IPv6 Link Local Address and ISATAP IPv6
Global Address show on the page. These are the virtual IPv6 interface addresses to the IPv4
network.
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is defined by the IEEE 802.1AB standard and allows
the UAP to advertise information about itself such as the system name, system capabilities,
and power requirements. This information can help you identify system topology and detect
bad configurations on the LAN. The AP also supports the Link Layer Discovery Protocol for
Media Endpoint Devices (LLDP-MED), which standardizes additional information elements
that devices can pass to each other to improve network management.
STEP 1 To configure LLDP settings, select LAN > LLDP in the navigation area
STEP 2 Configure the following parameters:
•LLDP Mode—The administrative mode of LLDP on the AP. When LLDP is enabled, the
AP transmits LLDP Protocol Data Units to neighbor devices.
•TX Interval—The number of seconds between LLDP message transmissions. The
valid range is 5 to 32768 seconds. The default value is 30 seconds.
•POE Priority—The priority level transmitted by the AP in the Extended Power
information element. The PoE priority level helps the Power Sourcing Equipment
(PSE), such as a switch, determine which powered devices should be given priority in
power allocation when the PSE doesn't have enough capacity to supply power to all
connected devices. The PoE priority can be one of the following:
-Critical
LAN
LLDP
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 55
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-High
-Low
-Unknown
STEP 3 Click Save. The settings are saved to the system.
LAN
LLDP
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 56
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5
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 57
Wireless
This chapter describes how to configure properties of the wireless radio operation.
It includes these topics:
•Radio
• Rogue AP Detection
•Networks
• Scheduler
• Scheduler Association
• Bandwidth Utilization
•MAC Filtering
•WDS Bridge
• WorkGroup Bridge
• Quality of Service
Radio
Radio settings directly control the behavior of the radio in the WAP device and its interaction
with the physical medium; that is, how and what type of signal the WAP device emits.
To configure radio settings:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > Radio in the navigation pane.
Wireless
Radio
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 58
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STEP 2 In the Global Settings area, configure the TSPEC Violation Interval, which is the time interval
in seconds for the WAP device to report associated clients that do not adhere to mandatory
admission control procedures. The reporting occurs through the system log and SNMP traps.
Enter a time from 0 to 900 seconds. The default is 300 seconds.
STEP 3 Select the Radio interface to configure (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 4 In the Basic Settings area, configure these settings:
NOTE Local regulations may prohibit the use of certain radio modes. Not all modes are
available in all countries.
•Radio—Turns on or off the radio interface. By default, the radio is off.
NOTE If you enable the 5 GHz radio with 80 MHz bandwidth and if the radio carries a
high amount of traffic, then the WAP device will need more power than what the IEEE
802.3af PoE standard provides (12.95 W). It is highly recommended that when 80MHz
channel is in use, the WAP device should either be powered by a power adapter or an
IEEE 802.3at Power Source Equipment (PSE). If the required power by the WAP device
exceeds the maximum power delivered by the PSE, then the WAP device may reboot.
•MAC Address—The Media Access Control (MAC) address for the interface. The MAC
address is assigned by the manufacturer and cannot be changed.
•Mode—The IEEE 802.11 standard and frequency the radio uses. The default value of
Mode is 802.11a/n/ac for Radio 1 and 802.11b/g/n for Radio 2. For each radio, select
one of the available modes.
Radio 1 supports the following radio modes:
-802.11a—Only 802.11a clients can connect to the WAP device.
-802.11a/n/ac—802.11a clients, 802.11n, and 802.11ac clients operating in the
5-GHz frequency can connect to the WAP device.
-802.11n/ac—802.11n clients and 802.11ac clients operating in the 5-GHz
frequency can connect to the WAP device
Radio 2 supports the following radio modes:
-802.11b/g—802.11b and 802.11g clients can connect to the WAP device.
-802.11b/g/n (default)—802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n clients operating in the 2.4-
GHz frequency can connect to the WAP device.
-802.11n 2.4 GHz—Only 802.11n clients operating in the 2.4-GHz frequency can
connect to the WAP device.
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•Channel Bandwidth (802.11n and 802.11ac modes only)—The 802.11n specification
allows a 40 MHz-wide channel in addition to the legacy 20 MHz channel available with
other modes. The 40 MHz channel enables higher data rates but leaves fewer channels
available for use by other 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz devices.
The 802.11ac specification allows an 80 MHz-wide channel in addition to the 20 MHz
and 40 MHz channels.
Set the field to 20 MHz to restrict the use of the channel bandwidth to a 20 MHz
channel. For the 802.11ac mode, set the field to 40 MHz to prevent the radio from
using the 80 MHz channel bandwidth.
•Primary Channel (802.11n modes with 20/40 MHz bandwidth only)—A 40 MHz
channel can be considered to consist of two 20 MHz channels that are contiguous in the
frequency domain. These two 20 MHz channels are often referred to as the Primary and
Secondary channels. The Primary Channel is used for 802.11n clients that support only
a 20 MHz channel bandwidth and for legacy clients.
Select one of these options:
-Upper—Sets the Primary Channel as the upper 20 MHz channel in the 40 MHz
band.
-Lower—Sets the Primary Channel as the lower 20 MHz channel in the 40 MHz
band. Lower is the default selection.
•Channel—The portion of the radio spectrum the radio uses for transmitting and
receiving.
The range of available channels is determined by the mode of the radio interface and the
country code setting. If you select Auto for the channel setting, the WAP device scans
available channels and selects a channel where the least amount of traffic is detected.
Each mode offers a number of channels, depending on how the spectrum is licensed by
national and transnational authorities such as the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) or the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R).
STEP 5 In the Advanced Settings area, configure these settings:
•DFS Support—This field is available only if the selected radio mode operates in the 5
GHz frequency.
For radios in the 5 GHz band, when DFS support is on and the regulatory domain
requires radar detection on the channel, the Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and
Transmit Power Control (TPC) features of 802.11h are activated.
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DFS is a feature that requires wireless devices to share spectrum and avoid co-channel
operation with radar systems in the 5 GHz band. DFS requirements vary based on the
regulatory domain, which is determined by the country code setting of the AP.
When using the 802.11h Wireless Mode, there are a number of key points about the
IEEE 802.11h standard:
-802.11h only works for the 5 GHz band. It is not required for the 2.4 GHz band.
-If you are operating in an 802.11h enabled domain, the AP attempts to use the
channel you assign. If the channel has been blocked by a previous radar detection,
or if the AP detects a radar on the channel, then the AP automatically selects a
different channel.
-When 802.11h is enabled, the AP will not be operational in the 5 GHz band for at
least 60 seconds due to radar scanning.
-Setting up WDS links may be difficult when 802.11h is operational. This is because
the operating channels of the two APs on the WDS link may keep changing
depending on channel usage and radar interference. WDS will only work if both the
APs operate on the same channel. For more information on WDS, see WDS Bridge,
page 85.
•Short Guard Interval Supported—This field is available only if the selected radio mode
includes 802.11n.
The guard interval is the dead time, in nanoseconds, between OFDM symbols. The
guard interval prevents Inter-Symbol and Inter-Carrier Interference (ISI, ICI). The
802.11n mode allows for a reduction in this guard interval from the a and g definition
of 800 nanoseconds to 400 nanoseconds. Reducing the guard interval can yield a 10
percent improvement in data throughput.
The client with which the WAP device is communicating must also support the short
guard interval.
Select one of these options:
-Yes—The WAP device transmits data using a 400-nanosecond guard Interval when
communicating with clients that also support the short guard interval. Yes is the
default selection.
-No—The WAP device transmits data using an 800-nanosecond guard interval.
•Protection—The protection feature contains rules to guarantee that 802.11
transmissions do not cause interference with legacy stations or applications. By default,
protection is enabled (Auto). With protection enabled, protection is invoked if legacy
devices are within range of the WAP device.
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You can disable protection (Off); however, legacy clients or WAP devices within range
can be affected by 802.11n transmissions. Protection is also available when the mode is
802.11b/g. When protection is enabled in this mode, it protects 802.11b clients and
WAP devices from 802.11g transmissions.
NOTE This setting does not affect the ability of the client to associate with the WAP
device.
•Beacon Interval—The interval between the transmission of beacon frames. The WAP
device transmits these at regular intervals to announce the existence of the wireless
network. The default behavior is to send a beacon frame once every 100 milliseconds
(or 10 per second).
Enter an integer from 20 to 2000 milliseconds. The default is 100 milliseconds.
•DTIM Period—The Delivery Traffic Information Map (DTIM) period. Enter an integer
from 1 to 255 beacons. The default is 2 beacons.
The DTIM message is an element included in some Beacon frames. It indicates which
client stations, currently sleeping in low-power mode, have data buffered on the WAP
device awaiting pickup.
The DTIM period that you specify indicates how often the clients served by this WAP
device should check for buffered data still on the WAP device awaiting pickup.
The measurement is in beacons. For example, if you set this field to 1, clients check for
buffered data on the WAP device at every beacon. If you set this field to 10, clients
check on every 10th beacon.
•Fragmentation Threshold—The frame size threshold in bytes. The valid integer must be
even and in the range of 256 to 2346. The default is 2346.
The fragmentation threshold is a way of limiting the size of packets (frames) transmitted
over the network. If a packet exceeds the fragmentation threshold you set, the
fragmentation function is activated and the packet is sent as multiple 802.11 frames.
If the packet being transmitted is equal to or less than the threshold, fragmentation is not
used. Setting the threshold to the largest value (2,346 bytes, which is the default)
effectively disables fragmentation.
Fragmentation involves more overhead both because of the extra work of dividing up
and reassembling of frames it requires, and because it increases message traffic on the
network. However, fragmentation can help improve network performance and
reliability if properly configured.
Sending smaller frames (by using lower fragmentation threshold) might help with some
interference problems; for example, with microwave ovens.
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Aggregated 802.11n or 802.11ac frames (AMPDUs) cannot be fragmented.
Fragmentation is applicable only for legacy radio modes, 802.11a or 802.11b/g.
By default, fragmentation is off. We recommend not using fragmentation unless you
suspect radio interference. The additional headers applied to each fragment increase the
overhead on the network and can greatly reduce throughput.
•RTS Threshold—The Request to Send (RTS) Threshold value. The valid integer range
must be from 0 to 2347. The default is 2347 octets.
The RTS threshold indicates the number of octets in an MPDU, below which an RTS/
CTS handshake is not performed.
Changing the RTS threshold can help control traffic flow through the WAP device,
especially one with a lot of clients. If you specify a low threshold value, RTS packets
are sent more frequently, which consumes more bandwidth and reduces the throughput
of the packet. However, sending more RTS packets can help the network recover from
interference or collisions that might occur on a busy network, or on a network
experiencing electromagnetic interference.
RTS threshold is used only for legacy 802.11 data frames (i.e. not for 802.11n or
802.11ac). In the case of 802.11n and 802.11ac, AMPDU transmissions are protected
by an RTS/CTS exchange, regardless of the frame lengths.
•Maximum Associated Clients—The maximum number of stations allowed to access
each radio of this WAP device at any one time. You can enter an integer between 0 and
200. The default is 200 stations. The dual-radio WAP371 device can support up to 400
clients total.
•Transmit Power—A percentage value for the transmit power level for this WAP device.
The default value of 100 percent can be more cost-efficient than a lower percentage
because it gives the WAP device a maximum broadcast range and reduces the number
of access points needed.
To increase the capacity of the network, place WAP devices closer together and reduce
the value of the transmit power. This helps reduce overlap and interference among
access points. A lower transmit power setting can also keep your network more secure
because weaker wireless signals are less likely to propagate outside of the physical
location of your network.
Some channel ranges and country code combinations have relatively low maximum
transmit power. When attempting to set the transmit power to the lower ranges (for
example, 25% or 12%), the expected drop in power may not occur, because certain
power amplifiers have minimum transmit power requirements.
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•Frame-burst Support—Generally enabling Frame-burst support improves the radio
performance in the downstream direction.
•Fixed Multicast Rate—The transmission rate in Mbps for broadcast and multicast
packets. This setting can be useful in an environment where wireless multicast video
streaming occurs, provided the wireless clients are capable of handling the configured
rate.
When Auto is selected, the WAP device chooses the best rate for the associated clients.
The range of valid values is determined by the configured radio mode.
•Legacy Rate Sets—Rates are expressed in megabits per second.
Supported Rate Sets indicate rates that the WAP device supports. You can check
multiple rates (check a box to select or deselect a rate). The WAP device automatically
chooses the most efficient rate based on factors such as error rates and the distance of
client stations from the WAP device.
Basic Rate Sets indicate rates that the WAP device advertises to the network for the
purposes of setting up communication with other access points and client stations on the
network. It is generally more efficient to have a WAP device broadcast a subset of its
supported rate sets.
•Broadcast/Multicast Rate Limiting—Multicast and broadcast rate limiting can improve
overall network performance by limiting the number of packets transmitted across the
network.
By default, the Multicast/Broadcast Rate Limiting option is disabled. Until you enable
Multicast/Broadcast Rate Limiting, these fields are disabled:
-Rate Limit—The rate limit for multicast and broadcast traffic. The limit should be
greater than 1, but less than 50 packets per second. Any traffic that falls below this
rate limit will always conform and be transmitted to the appropriate destination. The
default and maximum rate limit setting is 50 packets per second.
-Rate Limit Burst—An amount of traffic, measured in bytes, which is allowed to pass
as a temporary burst even if it is above the defined maximum rate. The default and
maximum rate limit burst setting is 75 packets per second.
•TSPEC Mode—Regulates the overall TSPEC mode on the WAP device. By default,
TSPEC mode is off. The options are:
-On—The WAP device handles TSPEC requests according to the TSPEC settings
you configure on the Radio page. Use this setting if the WAP device handles traffic
from QoS-capable devices, such as a Wi-Fi CERTIFIED phone.
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-Off—The WAP device ignores TSPEC requests from client stations. Use this setting
if you do not want to use TSPEC to give QoS-capable devices priority for time-
sensitive traffic.
•TSPEC Voice ACM Mode—Regulates mandatory admission control (ACM) for the
voice access category. By default, TSPEC Voice ACM mode is off. The options are:
-On—A station is required to send a TSPEC request for bandwidth to the WAP
device before sending or receiving a voice traffic stream. The WAP device responds
with the result of the request, which includes the allotted medium time if the TSPEC
was admitted.
-Off—A station can send and receive voice priority traffic without requiring an
admitted TSPEC; the WAP device ignores voice TSPEC requests from client
stations.
•TSPEC Voice ACM Limit—The upper limit on the amount of traffic the WAP device
attempts to transmit on the wireless medium using a voice AC to gain access. The
default limit is 20 percent of total traffic.
•TSPEC Video ACM Mode —Regulates mandatory admission control for the video
access category. By default, TSPEC Video ACM mode is off. The options are:
-On — A station is required to send a TSPEC request for bandwidth to the WAP
device before sending or receiving a video traffic stream. The WAP device responds
with the result of the request, which includes the allotted medium time if the TSPEC
was admitted.
-Off — A station can send and receive video priority traffic without requiring an
admitted TSPEC; the WAP device ignores video TSPEC requests from client
stations.
•TSPEC Video ACM Limit—The upper limit on the amount of traffic that the WAP
device attempts to transmit on the wireless medium using a video AC to gain access.
The default limit is 15 percent of total traffic.
•TSPEC AP Inactivity Timeout—The amount of time for a WAP device to detect a
downlink traffic specification as idle before deleting it. The valid integer range is from
0 to 120 seconds and the default is 30 seconds.
•TSPEC Station Inactivity Timeout—The amount of time for a WAP device to detect an
uplink traffic specification as idle before deleting it. The valid integer range is from 0
to 120 seconds and the default is 30 seconds.
•TSPEC Legacy WMM Queue Map Mode—Enables or disables the intermixing of
legacy traffic on queues operating as ACM. By default, this mode is off.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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!
CAUTION After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
Rogue AP Detection
A Rogue AP is an access point that has been installed on a secure network without explicit
authorization from a system administrator. Rogue access points pose a security threat because
anyone with access to the premises can ignorantly or maliciously install an inexpensive
wireless AP that can potentially allow unauthorized parties to access the network.
The AP performs an RF scan on all channels on each radio to detect all APs in the vicinity of
the network. If rogue APs are detected, they are shown on the Rogue AP Detection page. If an
AP listed as a rogue is legitimate, you can add it to the Known AP List.
NOTE The Detected Rogue AP List and Trusted AP List provide information that you can use to take
further action. The AP does not have any control over rogue APs on the lists and cannot apply
any security policies to APs detected through the RF scan.
To view more information about rogue APs, select Wireless > Rogue AP Detection in the main
navigation pane.
When AP detection is enabled, the radio periodically switches from its operating channel to
scan other channels within the same band.
Viewing the Rogue AP List
Rogue AP detection can be enabled and disabled. To enable the radio to collect information
about rogue APs, click Enable next to AP Detection for Radio 1 or Radio 2 and then click
Save.
Rogue AP detection does not have any refresh mechanism and the SSID are retained in the
database once detected.
Information about detected and trusted rogue access points appears. You can click Refresh to
refresh the screen and show the most current information:
•Action—If the AP is in the Detected Rogue AP List, you can click Trust to move the
AP to the Trusted AP List.
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If the AP is in the Trusted AP list, you can click Untrust to move the AP to the
Detected Rogue AP List.
NOTE The Detected Rogue AP List and Trusted AP List provide information. The AP
does not have any control over the APs on the list and cannot apply any security policies
to APs detected through the RF scan.
•MAC Address—The MAC address of the rogue AP.
•Radio—Indicates whether the rogue AP is detected on Radio 1 (wlan0) or Radio 2
(wlan1).
•Beacon Interval—The beacon interval used by the rogue AP.
Beacon frames are transmitted by an AP at regular intervals to announce the existence
of the wireless network. The default behavior is to send a beacon frame once every 100
milliseconds (or 10 per second).
NOTE The Beacon Interval is set on the Radio page.
•Type—The type of device:
-AP indicates the rogue device is an AP that supports the IEEE 802.11 Wireless
Networking Framework in Infrastructure Mode.
-Ad hoc indicates a rogue station running in Ad hoc mode. Stations set to Ad hoc
mode communicate with each other directly, without the use of a traditional AP. Ad
hoc mode is an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networking Framework also referred to as
peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
•SSID—The Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WAP device.
The SSID is an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that uniquely identifies a
wireless local area network. It is also referred to as the Network Name.
•Privacy—Indicates whether there is any security on the rogue device:
-Off indicates that the Security mode on the rogue device is set to None (no
security).
-On indicates that the rogue device has some security in place.
NOTE You can use the Networks page to configure security on the AP.
•WPA—Whether WPA security is on or off for the rogue AP.
•Band—The IEEE 802.11 mode being used on the rogue AP. (For example, IEEE
802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g.)
The number shown indicates the mode:
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-2.4 indicates IEEE 802.11b, 802.11g, or 802.11n mode (or a combination of the
modes).
-5 indicates IEEE 802.11a or 802.11n mode (or both modes).
•Channel—The channel on which the rogue AP is currently broadcasting.
The channel defines the portion of the radio spectrum that the radio uses for
transmitting and receiving.
NOTE You can use the Radio page to set the channel.
•Rate—The rate in megabits per second at which the rogue AP is currently transmitting.
The current rate is always one of the rates shown in Supported Rates.
The reported rate is the speed of the last packet transmitted from the AP to the client.
This value can vary within the advertised rate set based on the signal quality between
the AP and client and the rate at which broadcast or multicast frames are sent. When
the AP sends a broadcast frame to a STA using the default rates, then the field will
report 1 Mbps for 2.4Ghz radios and 6 Mbps for 5 Ghz radios. Clients that are idle are
most likely to report the low default rates.
•Signal—The strength of the radio signal emitting from the rogue AP. If you hover the
mouse pointer over the bars, a number representing the strength in decibels (dB)
appears.
•Beacons—The total number of beacons received from the rogue AP since it was first
discovered.
•Last Beacon—The date and time of the last beacon received from the rogue AP.
•Rates—Supported and basic (advertised) rate sets for the rogue AP. Rates are shown in
megabits per second (Mbps).
All Supported Rates are listed, with Basic Rates shown in bold. Rate sets are
configured on the Radio page.
Creating and Saving a Trusted AP List
To create a Trusted AP List and save it to a file:
STEP 1 In the Detected Rogue AP List, click Trust for APs that are known to you. The Trusted APs
move to the Trusted AP List.
STEP 2 In the Download/Backup Trusted AP List area, select Backup (AP to PC).
STEP 3 Click Save.
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The list contains the MAC addresses of all APs that have been added to the Known AP List.
By default, the filename is Rogue2.cfg. You can use a text editor or web browser to open the
file and view its contents.
Importing a Trusted AP List
You can import a list of known APs from a saved list. The list might be acquired from another
AP or created from a text file. If the MAC address of an AP appears in the Trusted AP List, it
is not detected as a rogue.
To import an AP list from a file, use these steps:
STEP 1 In the Download/Backup Trusted AP List area, select Download (PC to AP).
STEP 2 Click Browse and choose the file to import.
The file that you import must be a plain-text file with a .txt or .cfg extension. Entries in the file
are MAC addresses in hexadecimal format with each octet separated by colons, for example
00:11:22:33:44:55. You must separate entries with a single space. For the AP to accept the file,
it must contain only MAC addresses.
STEP 3 Choose whether to replace the existing Trusted AP List or add the entries in the imported file
to the Trusted AP List.
a. Select Replace to import the list and replace the contents of the Known AP List.
b. Select Merge to import the list and add the APs in the imported file to the APs currently
shown in the Known AP List.
STEP 4 Click Save.
When the import is complete, the screen refreshes and the MAC addresses of the APs in the
imported file appear in the Known AP List.
Networks
Virtual Access Points (VAPs) segment the wireless LAN into multiple broadcast domains that
are the wireless equivalent of Ethernet VLANs. VAPs simulate multiple access points in one
physical WAP device. The AP supports up to 8 VAPs. Each VAP can be independently enabled
or disabled, with the exception of VAP0. VAP0 is the physical radio interface and remains
enabled as long as the radio is enabled. To disable operation of VAP0, the radio itself must be
disabled.
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Each VAP is identified by a user-configured Service Set Identifier (SSID). Multiple VAPs
cannot have the same SSID name. SSID broadcasts can be enabled or disabled independently
on each VAP. SSID broadcast is enabled by default.
SSID Naming Conventions
The default SSID for VAP0 is ciscosb. Every additional VAP created has a blank SSID name.
The SSIDs for all VAPs can be configured to other values.
The SSID can be any alphanumeric, case-sensitive entry from 2 to 32 characters. The printable
characters plus the space (ASCII 0x20) are allowed.
The allowable characters are:
ASCII 0x20 through 0x7E.
Trailing and leading spaces (ASCII 0x20) are not permitted.
NOTE This means that spaces are allowed within the SSID, but not as the first or last character, and
the period "." (ASCII 0x2E) is also allowed.
VLAN IDs
Each VAP is associated with a VLAN, which is identified by a VLAN ID (VID). A VID can
be any value from 1 to 4094, inclusive. The WAP371 device supports 17 active VLANs (16
for WLAN plus one management VLAN).
By default, the VID assigned to the configuration utility for the WAP device is 1, which is also
the default untagged VID. If the management VID is the same as the VID assigned to a VAP,
then the WLAN clients associated with this specific VAP can administer the WAP device. If
needed, an access control list (ACL) can be created to disable administration from WLAN
clients.
Configuring VAPs
To configure VAPs:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > Networks in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select the Radio interface on which you want to configure VAPs (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 3 Select the Enabled check box for the VAP you want to configure.
—Or—
If VAP0 is the only VAP configured on the system, and you want to add a VAP, click Add.
Then, select the VAP and click Edit.
STEP 4 Configure the parameters:
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•VLAN ID—The VID of the VLAN to associate with the VAP.
!
CAUTION Be sure to enter a VLAN ID that is properly configured on the network. Network problems can
result if the VAP associates wireless clients with an improperly configured VLAN.
When a wireless client connects to the WAP device by using this VAP, the WAP device tags all
traffic from the wireless client with the VLAN ID you enter in this field, unless you enter the
port VLAN ID or use a RADIUS server to assign a wireless client to a VLAN. The range for
the VLAN ID is from 1 to 4094.
NOTE If you change the VLAN ID to a different ID than the current management
VLAN ID, WLAN clients associated with this specific VAP cannot administer the
device. Verify the configuration of the untagged and management VLAN IDs on the
LAN page. For more information, see VLAN and IPv4 Address Settings.
•SSID Name—A name for the wireless network. The SSID is an alphanumeric string of
up to 32 characters. Choose a unique SSID for each VAP.
NOTE If you are connected as a wireless client to the same WAP device that you are
administering, resetting the SSID will cause you to lose connectivity to the WAP device.
You need to reconnect to the new SSID after you save this new setting.
•Broadcast SSID—Enables and disables the broadcast of the SSID.
Specify whether to allow the WAP device to broadcast the SSID in its beacon frames.
The Broadcast SSID parameter is enabled by default. When the VAP does not broadcast
its SSID, the network name is not shown in the list of available networks on a client
station. Instead, you must enter the exact network name manually into the wireless
connection utility on the client so that it can connect.
Disabling the broadcast SSID is sufficient to prevent clients from accidentally
connecting to your network, but it does not prevent even the simplest of attempts by a
hacker to connect or monitor unencrypted traffic. Suppressing the SSID broadcast offers
a very minimal level of protection on an otherwise exposed network (such as a guest
network) where the priority is to make it easy for clients to get a connection and where
no sensitive information is available.
•Security—The type of authentication required for access to the VAP:
-None
-Static WEP
-Dynamic WEP
-WPA Personal
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-WPA Enterprise
If you select a security mode other than None, additional fields appear.
NOTE We recommend using WPA Personal or WPA Enterprise as the authentication
type as it provides stronger security protection. Use Static WEP or Dynamic WEP only
for legacy wireless computers or devices that do not support WPA Personal/Enterprise.
If you need to set security as Static WEP or Dynamic WEP, configure Radio as 802.11a
or 802.11b/g mode (see Radio). The 802.11n mode restricts the use of Static or Dynamic
WEP as the security mode.
•MAC Filtering—Specifies whether the stations that can access this VAP are restricted
to a configured global list of MAC addresses. You can select one of these types of MAC
filtering:
-Disabled—Do not use MAC filtering.
-Local—Use the MAC Authentication list that you configure on the MAC Filtering
page.
-RADIUS—Use the MAC Authentication list on an external RADIUS server.
•Channel Isolation—Enables and disables station isolation.
•When disabled, wireless clients can communicate with one another normally by sending
traffic through the WAP device.
-When enabled, the WAP device blocks communication between wireless clients on
the same VAP. The WAP device still allows data traffic between its wireless clients
and wired devices on the network, across a WDS link, and with other wireless
clients associated with a different VAP, but not among wireless clients.
NOTE Channel isolation is applicable to the clients connected to the same VAP of a single AP, but not
to the clients connected to the same VAP of different APs. So the clients connected to same VAP
of a single AP fail to ping each other and the clients connected to same VAP of different APs
can ping each other successfully.
•Band Steer—Enables band steer when both the radios are up. It effectively utilizes the
5-GHz band by steering dual-band supported clients from the 2.4-GHz band to the 5-
GHz band.
-It is configured on a per-VAP basis and needs to be enabled on both the radios.
-It is not encouraged on VAPs with time-sensitive voice or video traffic.
-It does not consider the n-bandwidth of the radio. Even if the 5-GHz radio happens
to use 20 MHz bandwidth, it tries to steer clients to that radio.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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!
CAUTION After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
NOTE To delete a VAP, select the VAP and click Delete. To save your deletion permanently, click Save
when complete.
Configuring Security Settings
These sections describe the security settings that you configure, depending on your selection
in the Security list on the Networks page.
None (Plain-text)
If you select None as your security mode, no additional security settings are configurable on
the AP. This mode means that any data transferred to and from the AP is not encrypted. This
security mode can be useful during initial network configuration or for problem solving, but it
is not recommended for regular use on the internal network because it is not secure.
Static WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a data encryption protocol for 802.11 wireless networks.
All wireless stations and access points on the network are configured with a static 64-bit (40-
bit secret key + 24-bit initialization vector (IV)) or 128-bit (104-bit secret key + 24-bit IV)
Shared Key for data encryption.
Static WEP is not the most secure mode available, but it offers more protection than setting the
security mode to None (Plain-text), as it does prevent an outsider from easily sniffing out
unencrypted wireless traffic.
WEP encrypts data moving across the wireless network based on a static key. (The encryption
algorithm is a stream cipher called RC4.)
These parameters configure Static WEP:
•Transfer Key Index—A key index list. Key indexes 1 through 4 are available. The
default is 1.
The Transfer Key Index indicates which WEP key the WAP device uses to encrypt the
data it transmits.
•Key Length—The length of the key. Select one:
-64 bits
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-128 bits
•Key Type—The key type. Select one:
-ASCII
-Hex
•WEP Keys—You can specify up to four WEP keys. In each text box, enter a string of
characters for each key. The keys you enter depend on the key type selected:
-ASCII—Includes uppercase and lowercase alphabetic letters, the numeric digits,
and special symbols such as @ and #.
-Hex—Includes digits 0 to 9 and the letters A to F.
Use the same number of characters for each key as specified in the Characters
Required field. These are the RC4 WEP keys shared with the stations using the WAP
device.
Each client station must be configured to use one of these same WEP keys in the same
slot as specified on the WAP device.
•Characters Required—The number of characters you enter into the WEP Key fields is
determined by the key length and key type you select. For example, if you use 128-bit
ASCII keys, you must enter 26 characters in the WEP key. The number of characters
required updates automatically based on how you set the key length and key type.
•802.1X Authentication—The authentication algorithm defines the method used to
determine whether a client station is allowed to associate with WAP device when static
WEP is the security mode.
Specify the authentication algorithm you want to use by choosing one of these options:
-Open System authentication allows any client station to associate with the WAP
device whether that client station has the correct WEP key or not. This algorithm is
also used in plaintext, IEEE 802.1X, and WPA modes. When the authentication
algorithm is set to Open System, any client can associate with the WAP device.
NOTE Just because a client station is allowed to associate does not ensure it can
exchange traffic with an WAP device. A station must have the correct WEP key to
be able to successfully access and decrypt data from the WAP device, and to
transmit readable data to the WAP device.
-Shared Key authentication requires the client station to have the correct WEP key
in order to associate with the WAP device. When the authentication algorithm is set
to Shared Key, a station with an incorrect WEP key cannot associate with the WAP
device.
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-Both Open System and Shared Key. When you select both authentication
algorithms, client stations configured to use WEP in shared key mode must have a
valid WEP key in order to associate with the WAP device. Also, client stations
configured to use WEP as an open system (shared key mode not enabled) can
associate with the WAP device even if they do not have the correct WEP key.
Static WEP Rules
If you use Static WEP, these rules apply:
•All client stations must have the Wireless LAN (WLAN) security set to WEP, and all
clients must have one of the WEP keys specified on the WAP device in order to decode
AP-to-station data transmissions.
•The WAP device must have all keys used by clients for station-to-AP transmit so that it
can decode the station transmissions.
•The same key must occupy the same slot on all nodes (AP and clients). For example, if
the WAP device defines abc123 key as WEP key 3, then the client stations must define
that same string as WEP key 3.
•Client stations can use different keys to transmit data to the access point. (Or they can
all use the same key, but using the same key is less secure because it means one station
can decrypt the data being sent by another.)
•On some wireless client software, you can configure multiple WEP keys and define a
client station transfer key index, and then set the stations to encrypt the data they
transmit using different keys. This ensures that neighboring access points cannot
decode other access point transmissions.
•You cannot mix 64-bit and 128-bit WEP keys between the access point and its client
stations.
Dynamic WEP
Dynamic WEP refers to the combination of 802.1x technology and the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP). With Dynamic WEP security, WEP keys are changed
dynamically.
EAP messages are sent over an IEEE 802.11 wireless network using a protocol called EAP
Encapsulation Over LANs (EAPOL). IEEE 802.1X provides dynamically generated keys that
are periodically refreshed. An RC4 stream cipher is used to encrypt the frame body and cyclic
redundancy checking (CRC) of each 802.11 frame.
This mode requires the use of an external RADIUS server to authenticate users. The WAP
device requires a RADIUS server that supports EAP, such as the Microsoft Internet
Authentication Server. To work with Microsoft Windows clients, the authentication server
must support Protected EAP (PEAP) and MSCHAP V2.
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You can use any of a variety of authentication methods that the IEEE 802.1X mode supports,
including certificates, Kerberos, and public key authentication. You must configure the client
stations to use the same authentication method the WAP device uses.
These parameters configure Dynamic WEP:
•Use Global RADIUS Server Settings—By default, each VAP uses the global RADIUS
settings that you define for the WAP device (see RADIUS Server). However, you can
configure each VAP to use a different set of RADIUS servers.
To use the global RADIUS server settings, ensure that the check box is selected.
To use a separate RADIUS server for the VAP, uncheck the check box and enter the
RADIUS server IP address and key in these fields:
•Server IP Address Type—The IP version that the RADIUS server uses.
You can toggle between the address types to configure IPv4 and IPv6 global RADIUS
address settings, but the WAP device contacts only the RADIUS server or servers for
the address type you select in this field.
•Server IP Address 1 or Server IPv6 Address 1—The address for the primary RADIUS
server for this VAP.
When the first wireless client tries to authenticate with the WAP device, the WAP
device sends an authentication request to the primary server. If the primary server
responds to the authentication request, the WAP device continues to use this RADIUS
server as the primary server, and authentication requests are sent to the address you
specify.
The IPv4 address should be in a form similar to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (192.0.2.10). The
IPv6 address should be in a form similar to
xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx (2001:DB8::CAD5:7D91).
•Server IP Address 2 to 4 or Server IPv6 Address 2 to 4—Up to three IPv4 or IPv6
backup RADIUS server addresses.
If authentication fails with the primary server, each configured backup server is tried in
sequence.
•Key—The shared secret key that the WAP device uses to authenticate to the primary
RADIUS server.
You can use up to 63 standard alphanumeric and special characters. The key is case
sensitive and must match the key configured on the RADIUS server. The text you enter
is shown as asterisks.
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•Key 2 to Key 4—The RADIUS key associated with the configured backup RADIUS
servers. The server at Server IP (IPv6) Address 2 uses Key 2, the server at Server IP
(IPv6) Address 3 uses Key 3, and so on.
•Enable RADIUS Accounting—Enables tracking and measuring of the resources a
particular user has consumed, such as system time, amount of data transmitted and
received, and so on.
If you enable RADIUS accounting, it is enabled for the primary RADIUS server and
all backup servers.
•Active Server—Enables administratively selecting the active RADIUS server, rather
than having the WAP device attempt to contact each configured server in sequence and
choose the first server that is up.
•Broadcast Key Refresh Rate—The interval at which the broadcast (group) key is
refreshed for clients associated with this VAP.
The default is 300. The valid range is from 0 to 86400 seconds. A value of 0 indicates
that the broadcast key is not refreshed.
•Session Key Refresh Rate—The interval at which the WAP device refreshes session
(unicast) keys for each client associated with the VAP.
The valid range is from 0 to 86400 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that the session key
is not refreshed.
WPA Personal
WPA Personal is a Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.11i standard, which includes AES-CCMP and
TKIP encryption. The Personal version of WPA uses a pre-shared key (PSK) instead of using
IEEE 802.1X and EAP as is used in the Enterprise WPA security mode. The PSK is used for
an initial check of credentials only. WPA Personal is also referred to as WPA-PSK.
This security mode is backwards-compatible for wireless clients that support the original
WPA.
These parameters configure WPA Personal:
•WPA Versions—The types of client stations to be supported:
-WPA-TKIP—The network has some client stations that only support original WPA
and TKIP security protocol. Note that selecting only WPA-TKIP for the access
point is not allowed as per the latest WiFi Alliance requirement.
-WPA2-AES—All client stations on the network support WPA2 version and AES-
CCMP cipher/ security protocol. This WPA version provides the best security per
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the IEEE 802.11i standard. As per the latest WiFi Alliance requirement, the AP has
to support this mode all the time.
If the network has a mix of clients, some of which support WPA2 and others which
support only the original WPA, select both of the check boxes. This lets both WPA and
WPA2 client stations associate and authenticate, but uses the more robust WPA2 for
clients who support it. This WPA configuration allows more interoperability in place
of some security.
WPA clients must have one of these keys to be able to associate with the WAP device:
-A valid TKIP key
-A valid AES-CCMP key
•Key—The shared secret key for WPA Personal security. Enter a string of at least 8
characters to a maximum of 63 characters. Acceptable characters include uppercase
and lowercase alphabetic letters, the numeric digits, and special symbols such as @
and #.
•Key Strength Meter—The WAP device checks the key against complexity criteria such
as how many different types of characters (uppercase and lowercase alphabetic letters,
numbers, and special characters) are used and how long the string is. If the WPA-PSK
complexity check feature is enabled, the key is not accepted unless it meets the
minimum criteria. See WPA-PSK Complexity for information on configuring the
complexity check.
•Broadcast Key Refresh Rate—The interval at which the broadcast (group) key is
refreshed for clients associated with this VAP. The default is 300 seconds and the valid
range is from 0 to 86400 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that the broadcast key is not
refreshed.
WPA Enterprise
WPA Enterprise with RADIUS is an implementation of the Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.11i
standard, which includes CCMP (AES), and TKIP encryption. The Enterprise mode requires
the use of a RADIUS server to authenticate users.
This security mode is backwards-compatible with wireless clients that support the original
WPA.
These parameters configure WPA Enterprise:
•WPA Versions—The types of client stations to be supported:
-WP-TKIP—The network has some client stations that only support original WPA
and TKIP security protocol. Note that selecting only WPA-TKIP for the access
point is not allowed as per the latest WiFi Alliance requirement.
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-WPA2-AES—IAll client stations on the network support WPA2 version and AES-
CCMP cipher/ security protocol. This WPA version provides the best security per
the IEEE 802.11i standard. As per the latest WiFi Alliance requirement, the AP has
to support this mode all the time.
•Enable pre-authentication—If for WPA Versions you select only WPA2 or both WPA
and WPA2, you can enable pre-authentication for WPA2 clients.
Click Enable pre-authentication if you want WPA2 wireless clients to send pre-
authentication packets. The pre-authentication information is relayed from the WAP
device that the client is currently using to the target WAP device. Enabling this feature
can help speed up authentication for roaming clients who connect to multiple APs.
This option does not apply if you selected WPA for WPA Versions because the original
WPA does not support this feature.
Client stations configured to use WPA with RADIUS must have one of these addresses
and keys::
-A valid TKIP RADIUS IP address and RADIUS Key
-A valid CCMP (AES) IP address and RADIUS Key
•Use Global RADIUS Server Settings—By default, each VAP uses the global RADIUS
settings that you define for the WAP device (see RADIUS Server). However, you can
configure each VAP to use a different set of RADIUS servers.
To use the global RADIUS server settings, make sure the check box is selected.
To use a separate RADIUS server for the VAP, uncheck the box and enter the RADIUS
server IP address and key in these fields:
•Server IP Address Type—The IP version that the RADIUS server uses.
You can toggle between the address types to configure IPv4 and IPv6 global RADIUS
address settings, but the WAP device contacts only the RADIUS server or servers for
the address type that you select in this field.
•Server IP Address 1 or Server IPv6 Address 1—The address for the primary RADIUS
server for this VAP.
If IPv4 is selected as the Server IP Address Type, enter the IP address of the RADIUS
server that all VAPs use by default, for example, 192.168.10.23. If IPv6 is selected,
enter the IPv6 address of the primary global RADIUS server, for example,
2001:DB8:1234::abcd.
•Server IP Address 2 to 4 or Server IPv6 Address 2 to 4—Up to three IPv4 and/or IPv6
addresses to use as the backup RADIUS servers for this VAP.
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If authentication fails with the primary server, each configured backup server is tried in
sequence.
•Key 1—The shared secret key for the global RADIUS server. You can use up to 63
standard alphanumeric and special characters. The key is case sensitive, and you must
configure the same key on the WAP device and on your RADIUS server. The text you
enter is shown as asterisks to prevent others from seeing the RADIUS key as you type.
•Key 2 to Key 4—The RADIUS key associated with the configured backup RADIUS
servers. The server at Server IP (IPv6) Address 2 uses Key 2, the server at Server IP
(IPv6) Address 3 uses Key 3, and so on.
•Enable RADIUS Accounting—Tracks and measures the resources a particular user has
consumed such as system time, amount of data transmitted and received, and so on.
If you enable RADIUS accounting, it is enabled for the primary RADIUS server and
all backup servers.
•Active Server—Enables the administrative selection of the active RADIUS server,
rather than having the WAP device attempt to contact each configured server in
sequence and choose the first server that is up.
Broadcast Key Refresh Rate—The interval at which the broadcast (group) key is
refreshed for clients associated with this VAP.
The default is 300 seconds. The valid range is from 0 to 86400 seconds. A value of 0
indicates that the broadcast key is not refreshed.
•Session Key Refresh Rate—The interval at which the WAP device refreshes session
(unicast) keys for each client associated with the VAP.
The valid range is from 0 to 86400 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that the session key
is not refreshed.
Scheduler
The Radio and VAP Scheduler allows you to configure a rule with a specific time interval for
VAPs or radios to be operational, which automates the enabling or disabling of the VAPs and
radio.
One way you can use this feature is to schedule the radio to operate only during the office
working hours in order to achieve security and reduce power consumption. You can also use
the Scheduler to allow access to VAPs for wireless clients only during specific times of day.
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The AP supports up to 16 profiles. Only valid rules are added to the profile. Up to 16 rules are
grouped together to form a scheduling profile. Periodic time entries belonging to the same
profile cannot overlap.
Adding Scheduler Profiles
You can create up to 16 scheduler profile names. By default, no profiles are created.
To view Scheduler status and add a Scheduler profile:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > Scheduler in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Ensure that the Administrative Mode is enabled. By default it is disabled.
The Scheduler Operational Status area indicates the current operation status of the Scheduler:
•Status—The operational status of the Scheduler. The range is Enabled or Disabled. The
default is Disabled.
•Reason—The reason for the scheduler operational status. Possible values are:
-IsActive—The scheduler is administratively enabled.
-Administrative Mode is disabled—Operational status is down because global
configuration is disabled.
-System Time is out dated—System time has changed and is not in sync.
STEP 3 To add a profile, enter a profile name in the Scheduler Profile Configuration text box and click
Add. The profile name can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters.
Configuring Scheduler Rules
You can configure up to 16 rules for a profile. Each rule specifies the start time, end time and
day (or days) of the week the radio or VAP can be operational. The rules are periodic in nature
and are repeated every week. A valid rule must contain all of the parameters (days of the week,
hour, and minute) for the start time and the end time. Rules cannot conflict; for example, you
can configure one rule to start on each weekday and another to start on each weekend day, but
you cannot configure one rule to begin daily and another rule to begin on weekends.
To configure a rule for a profile:
STEP 1 Select the profile from the Select a Profile Name list.
STEP 2 Click Add Rule.
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The new rule shows in the rule table.
STEP 3 Check the box next to the Profile Name and click Edit.
STEP 4 From the Day of the Week menu, select the recurring schedule for the rule. You can configure
the rule to occur daily, each weekday, each weekend day (Saturday and Sunday), or any single
day of the week.
STEP 5 Set the start and end times:
•Start Time—The time when the radio or VAP is operationally enabled. The time is in
HH:MM 24-hour format. The range is <00-23>:<00-59>. The default is 00:00.
•End Time—The time when the radio or VAP is operationally disabled. The time is in
HH:MM 24-hour format. The range is <00-23>:<00-59>. The default is 00:00.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE A Scheduler profile must be associated with a radio interface or a VAP interface to be in effect.
See the Scheduler Association page.
NOTE To delete a rule, select the profile from the Profile Name column and click Delete.
Scope of Scheduler Rules
The scope of scheduler rules is described below.
•A rule that sets only a specific day does not affect the other days.
•A rule that uses groups such as “Daily,” “Weekday,” or “Weekend” affects multiple
days.
•A rule you set for “Weekend” would only affect Saturday and Sunday while the rest of
the days are unaffected. The default scheduler behavior is that the radio is enabled
when there is no explicit rule on that day control how long the radio should be enabled.
•The design of the scheduler feature is such that each rule sets a boundary on when a
radio or VAP is enabled.
•The “Day of the Week” entry creates the scope for the rules. The rule ONLY impacts
the defined scope. Weekend meaning only Sunday and Saturday. Daily meaning every
day, etc. When setting the rules, the “Day of the Week” GUI entry defines the rule
scope: Weekend, Daily, WeekDay, Sunday, Monday, etc.
•This allows for detailed rules. There is no implicit deny all rule created when a scope
does not include every day of the week. Create a “deny” or “disable” rule by setting
the appropriate scope to be enabled only for 1 minute.To have the radio or VAP
disabled all the time EXCEPT for explicitly allowed times would require a “Daily”
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scoped rule that is only active for 1 minute from midnight to 12:01. This means the
radio is only on for 1 minute every day. We can then add exceptions for every time
period where we want the radio to be active.
A common use case would be:
•Enable Radio 9AM to 5PM Monday through Friday
•No Radio enabled on Weekends.
Create a Profile using two rules:
WeekDays: StartTime: 9:00 EndTime: 17:00
WeekEnds StartTime: 00:00 EndTime: 00:01
Scheduler Association
The Scheduler profiles need to be associated with the WLAN interface or a VAP interface to
be effective. By default, there are no Scheduler profiles created, and no profile is associated
with any radio or VAP.
Only one Scheduler profile can be associated with the WLAN interface or each VAP. A single
profile can be associated with multiple VAPs. If the Scheduler profile associated with a VAP
or the WLAN interface is deleted, then the association is removed.
To associate a Scheduler profile with the WLAN interface or a VAP:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > Scheduler Association in the navigation pane. Select the Radio interface on
which you want to associate a scheduler profile (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 2 For the WLAN interface or a VAP, select the profile from the Profile Name list.
The Interface Operational Status column shows whether the interface is currently enabled or
disabled.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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Bandwidth Utilization
Use the Bandwidth Utilization page to configure how much of the radio bandwidth can be
used before the WAP device stops allowing new client associations. This feature is enabled by
default.
To change bandwidth utilization settings:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > Bandwidth Utilization in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Enable to enable Bandwidth Utilization, or uncheck Enable to disable bandwidth
utilization.
STEP 3 If bandwidth utilization is enabled, in the Maximum Utilization Threshold box, enter the
percentage of network bandwidth utilization allowed on the radio before the WAP device stops
accepting new client associations.
The valid integer range is from 0 to 100 percent. The default is 70 percent. When set to 0, all
new associations are allowed regardless of the utilization rate.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
MAC Filtering
Media Access Control (MAC) filtering can be used to exclude or allow only listed client
stations to authenticate with the access point. MAC authentication is enabled and disabled per
VAP o n the Networks page. Depending on how the VAP is configured, the WAP device may
refer to a MAC filter list stored on an external RADlUS server, or may refer a MAC filter list
stored locally on the WAP device.
Configuring a MAC Filter List Locally on the WAP device
The WAP device supports one local MAC filter list only; that is, the same list applies to all
VAPs that are enabled to use the local list. The filter can be configured to grant access only to
the MAC addresses on the list, or to deny access only to addresses on the list.
Up to 512 MAC addresses can be added to the filter list.
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To configure MAC filtering:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > MAC Filtering in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select how the WAP device uses the filter list:
•Allow only stations in the list—Any station that is not in the Stations List is denied
access to the network through the WAP device.
•Block all stations in list—Only the stations that appear in the list are denied access to
the network through the WAP device. All other stations are permitted access.
NOTE The filter setting also applies to the MAC filtering list stored on the RADIUS
server, if one exists.
STEP 3 In the MAC Address field, enter the MAC address to allow or block and click Add.
The MAC address appears in the Stations List.
STEP 4 Continue entering MAC addresses until the list is complete, and then click Save. The changes
are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To remove a MAC address from the Stations List, select it and then click Remove.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
Configuring MAC Authentication on the RADIUS Server
If one or more VAPs are configured to use a MAC filter stored on a RADIUS authentication
server, you must configure the station list on the RADIUS server. The format for the list is
described in this table:
RADIUS Server
Attribute
Description Value
User-Name (1) MAC address of the client station. Valid Ethernet MAC
address.
User-Password (2) A fixed global password used to look
up a client MAC entry.
NOPASSWORD
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WDS Bridge
The Wireless Distribution System (WDS) allows you to connect multiple WAP371 devices.
With WDS, access points communicate with one another without wires. This capability is
critical in providing a seamless experience for roaming clients and for managing multiple
wireless networks. It can also simplify the network infrastructure by reducing the amount of
cabling required. You can configure the WAP device in point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
bridge mode based on the number of links to connect.
In the point-to-point mode, the WAP device accepts client associations and communicates
with wireless clients and other repeaters. The WAP device forwards all traffic meant for the
other network over the tunnel that is established between the access points. The bridge does
not add to the hop count. It functions as a simple OSI Layer 2 network device.
In the point-to-multipoint bridge mode, one WAP device acts as the common link between
multiple access points. In this mode, the central WAP device accepts client associations and
communicates with the clients and other repeaters. All other access points associate only with
the central WAP device that forwards the packets to the appropriate wireless bridge for routing
purposes.
The AP can also act as a repeater. In this mode, the AP serves as a connection between two
APs that might be too far apart to be within cell range. When acting as a repeater, the AP does
not have a wired connection to the LAN and repeats signals by using the wireless connection.
No special configuration is required for the AP to function as a repeater, and there are no
repeater mode settings. Wireless clients can still connect to an WAP device that is operating as
a repeater.
Before you configure WDS on the WAP device, note these guidelines
•For pure bridging mode that does not allow client associations, we recommend using
obscure WPA key for VAP0 and/or disabling the SSID broadcast.
•All Cisco WAP devices participating in a WDS link must have the following identical
settings:
-Radio
-IEEE 802.11 Mode
-Channel Bandwidth
-Channel (Auto is not recommended)
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NOTE When operating bridging in the 802.11n 2.4 GHz band, set the Channel
Bandwidth to 20 MHz, rather than the default 20/40 MHz. In the 2.4 GHz
20/40 MHz band, the operating bandwidth can change from 40 MHz to 20 MHz if any
20 MHz WAP devices are detected in the area. The mismatched channel bandwidth can
cause the link to disconnect.
See Radio (Basic Settings) for information on configuring these settings.
•When using WDS, be sure to configure WDS on both WAP devices participating in the
WDS link.
•You can have only one WDS link between any pair of WAP devices. That is, a remote
MAC address may appear only once on the WDS page for a particular WAP device.
To configure a WDS bridge:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > WDS Bridge in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Enable for Spanning Tree Mode. When enabled, STP helps prevent switching loops.
STP is recommended if you configure WDS links. Select Radio 1 or Radio 2 for each WDS
link that you configure.
STEP 3 Select Enable for WDS Interface.
STEP 4 Configure the remaining parameters:
•Remote MAC Address—Specifies the MAC address of the destination WAP device;
that is, the WAP device on the other end of the WDS link to which data is sent or
handed-off and from which data is received.
TIP You can find the MAC address on the Status and Statistics > Network Interface page.
•Encryption—The type of encryption to use on the WDS link; it does not have to match
the VAP you are bridging. The WDS Encryption settings are unique to the WDS bridge.
The options are none, WEP, and WPA Personal. The WPA2-PSK is an option for the
WDS link encryption and VAP security. The administrator needs to choose those
options to enforce them.
If you are unconcerned about security issues on the WDS link, you may decide not to
set any type of encryption. Alternatively, if you have security concerns you can choose
between Static WEP and WPA Personal. In WPA Personal mode, the WAP device uses
WPA2-PSK with CCMP (AES) encryption over the WDS link. See WEP on WDS
Links or WPA/PSK on WDS Links following this procedure for more information about
encryption options.
NOTE Static WEP is applicable only when the radio is operating in legacy mode: 802.11a for 5 GHz
radio and 802.11b/g for 2.4 GHz radio.
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STEP 5 Repeat these steps for up to three additional WDS interfaces.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 7 Replicate this procedure on the other device or devices connecting to the bridge.
TIP You can verify that the bridge link is up by going to the Status and Statistics > Network
Interface page. In the Interface Status table, the WLAN0:WDS(x) status should state
Up.
NOTE Partner WDS AP in the remote network retains its management IP address acquired from a
DHCP server connected to the WDS AP in the main network even if the WDS link is broken.
The IP address is released when the WDS interface is brought administratively down
!
CAUTION After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
WEP on WDS Links
These additional fields appear when you select WEP as the encryption type.
•Key Length—If WEP is enabled, specify the length of the WEP key as 64 bits or 128
bits.
•Key Type—If WEP is enabled, specify the WEP key type: ASCII or Hex.
•WEP Key—If you selected ASCII, enter any combination of 0 to 9, a to z, and A to Z.
If you selected Hex, enter hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0 to 9 and a to f or A
to F). These are the RC4 encryption keys shared with the stations using the WAP
device.
Note that the required number of characters is indicated to the right of the field and
changes based on your selections in the Key Type and Key Length fields.
WPA/PSK on WDS Links
These additional fields appear when you select WPA/PSK as the encryption type.
•WDS ID—Enter an appropriate name for the new WDS link you have created. It is
important that the same WDS ID is also entered at the other end of the WDS link. If
this WDS ID is not the same for both WAP devices on the WDS link, they will not be
able to communicate and exchange data.
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The WDS ID can be any alphanumeric combination.
•Key—Enter a unique shared key for the WDS bridge. This unique shared key must
also be entered for the WAP device at the other end of the WDS link. If this key is not
the same for both WAPs, they will not be able to communicate and exchange data.
The WPA-PSK key is a string of at least 8 characters to a maximum of 63 characters.
Acceptable characters include uppercase and lowercase alphabetic letters, the numeric
digits, and special symbols such as @ and #.
WorkGroup Bridge
The WAP device WorkGroup Bridge feature enables the WAP device to extend the
accessibility of a remote network. In WorkGroup Bridge mode, the WAP device acts as a
wireless station (STA) on the wireless LAN. It can bridge traffic between a remote wired
network or associated wireless clients and the wireless LAN that is connected using the
WorkGroup Bridge mode.
The WorkGroup Bridge feature enables support for STA-mode and AP-mode operation
simultaneously. The WAP device can operate in one Basic Service Set (BSS) as an STA device
while operating on another BSS as a WAP device. When WorkGroup Bridge mode is enabled,
the WAP device supports only one BSS for wireless clients that associate with it, and another
BSS with which the WAP device associates as a wireless client.
It is recommended that WorkGroup Bridge mode be used only when the WDS bridge feature
cannot be operational with a peer WAP device. WDS is a better solution and is preferred over
the WorkGroup Bridge solution. Use WDS if you are bridging Cisco WAP121, WAP321,
WAP551, and WAP561 devices. If you are not, then consider WorkGroup Bridge. When the
WorkGroup Bridge feature is enabled, the VAP configurations are not applied; only the
WorkGroup Bridge configuration is applied.
NOTE The WDS feature does not work when the WorkGroup Bridge mode is enabled on the WAP
device.
In WorkGroup Bridge mode, the BSS managed by the WAP device while operating in WAP
device mode is referred to as the access point interface, and associated STAs as downstream
STAs. The BSS managed by the other WAP device (that is, the one to which the WAP device
associates as an STA) is referred to as the infrastructure client interface, and the other WAP
device is referred as the upstream AP.
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The devices connected to the wired interface of the WAP device, as well as the downstream
stations associated with the access point interface of the device, can access the network
connected by the infrastructure client interface. To allow the bridging of packets, the VLAN
configuration for the access point interface and wired interface should match that of the
infrastructure client interface.
WorkGroup Bridge mode can be used as range extender to enable the BSS to provide access to
remote or hard-to-reach networks. A single-radio can be configured to forward packets from
associated STAs to another WAP device in the same ESS, without using WDS.
Before you configure WorkGroup Bridge on the WAP device, note these guidelines:
•All WAP devices participating in WorkGroup Bridge must have the following identical
settings:
-Radio
-IEEE 802.11 Mode
-Channel Bandwidth
-Channel (Auto is not recommended)
See Radio (Basic Settings) for information on configuring these settings.
•WorkGroup Bridge mode currently supports only IPv4 traffic.
•WorkGroup Bridge mode is not supported across a Single Point Setup.
•It is not recommended to associate another AP to the downstream interface of the
WAP operating in WorkGroup Bridge mode; that is, the chaining or cascading of APs
is not supported.
To configure WorkGroup Bridge mode:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > WorkGroup Bridge in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Enable for the WorkGroup Bridge Mode.
STEP 3 For WAP561 devices, select the radio interface on which to configure WorkGroup Bridge
mode (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 4 Configure these parameters for the Infrastructure Client Interface (upstream):
•SSID—The SSID of the BSS.
NOTE There is an arrow next to SSID for SSID Scanning; this feature is disabled by
default, and is enabled only if AP Detection is enabled in Rogue AP Detection (which
is also disabled by default).
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•Security—The type of security to use for authenticating as a client station on the
upstream WAP device. Choices are:
-None
-Static WEP
-WPA Personal
-WPA Enterprise
•VLAN ID—The VLAN associated with the BSS.
NOTE The Infrastructure Client Interface will be associated with the upstream WAP
device with the configured credentials. The WAP device may obtain its IP address from
a DHCP server on the upstream link. Alternatively, you can assign a static IP address.
The Connection Status field indicates whether the WAP is connected to the upstream
WAP device. You can click the Refresh button at the top of the page to view the latest
connection status.
STEP 5 Configure the following additional fields for the Access Point Interface:
•Status—Select Enable for the Access Point Interface.
•SSID—The SSID for the Access Point Interface does not need to be the same as the
Infrastructure Client SSID. However, if attempting to support a roaming type of
scenario, the SSID and security must be the same.
•SSID Broadcast—Select if you want the downstream SSID to be broadcast. SSID
Broadcast is enabled by default.
•Security—The type of security to use for authenticating. Choices are:
-None
-Static WEP
-WPA Personal
•MAC Filtering—Select one of these options:
-Disabled—The set of clients in the APs BSS that can access the upstream network
is not restricted to the clients specified in a MAC address list.
-Local—The set of clients in the APs BSS that can access the upstream network is
restricted to the clients specified in a locally defined MAC address list.
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-RADIUS—The set of clients in the APs BSS that can access the upstream network
is restricted to the clients specified in a MAC address list on a RADIUS server.
If you select Local or RADIUS, see MAC Filtering for instructions on creating the
MAC filter list.
•VLAN ID—Configure the Access Point Interface with the same VLAN ID as
advertised on the Infrastructure Client Interface.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
The associated downstream clients now have connectivity to the upstream network.
Quality of Service
The quality of service (QoS) settings provide you with the ability to configure transmission
queues for optimized throughput and better performance when handling differentiated wireless
traffic, such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP), other types of audio, video, streaming media, and
traditional IP data.
To configure QoS on the AP, you set parameters on the transmission queues for different types
of wireless traffic and specify minimum and maximum wait times (through contention
windows) for transmission.
WAP Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameters affect traffic flowing from
the WAP device to the client station.
Station EDCA parameters affect traffic flowing from the client station to the WAP device.
In normal use, the default values for the WAP device and station EDCA should not need to be
changed. Changing these values affects the QoS provided.
To configure WAP device and Station EDCA parameters:
STEP 1 Select Wireless > QoS in the navigation pane.Select the radio interface on which to configure
QoS settings (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 2 Select an option from the EDCA Template list:
•WFA Defaults—Populates the WAP device and Station EDCA parameters with WiFi
Alliance default values, which are best for general, mixed traffic.
•Optimized for Voice—Populates the WAP device and Station EDCA parameters with
values that are best for voice traffic.
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•Custom—Enables you to choose custom EDCA parameters.
These four queues are defined for different types of data transmitted from WAP-to-station. If
you choose a Custom template, the parameters that define the queues are configurable;
otherwise, they are set to predefined values appropriate to your selection. The four queues are:
•Data 0 (Voice)—High priority queue, minimum delay. Time-sensitive data such as VoIP
and streaming media are automatically sent to this queue.
•Data 1 (Video)—High priority queue, minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is
automatically sent to this queue.
•Data 2 (Best Effort)—Medium priority queue, medium throughput and delay. Most
traditional IP data is sent to this queue.
•Data 3 (Background)—Lowest priority queue, high throughput. Bulk data that requires
maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue (FTP data, for
example).
STEP 3 Configure the following EDCA and Station EDCA parameters:
NOTE These parameters are configurable only if you selected Custom in the previous
step.
•Arbitration Inter-Frame Space—A wait time for data frames. The wait time is measured
in slots. Valid values for AIFS are 1 through 255.
•Minimum Contention Window—An input to the algorithm that determines the initial
random backoff wait time (window) for retry of a transmission.
This value is the upper limit (in milliseconds) of a range from which the initial random
backoff wait time is determined.
The first random number generated is a number between 0 and the number specified
here.
If the first random backoff wait time expires before the data frame is sent, a retry counter
is incremented and the random backoff value (window) is doubled. Doubling continues
until the size of the random backoff value reaches the number defined in the Maximum
Contention Window.
Valid values are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1023. This value must be lower
than the value for the Maximum Contention Window.
•Maximum Contention Window—The upper limit (in milliseconds) for the doubling of
the random backoff value. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or
the Maximum Contention Window size is reached.
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After the Maximum Contention Window size is reached, retries continue until a
maximum number of retries allowed is reached.
Valid values are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1023. This value must be higher
than the value for the Minimum Contention Window.
•Maximum Burst (WAP only)—A WAP EDCA parameter that applies only to traffic
flowing from the WAP to the client station.
This value specifies (in milliseconds) the maximum burst length allowed for packet
bursts on the wireless network. A packet burst is a collection of multiple frames
transmitted without header information. The decreased overhead results in higher
throughput and better performance.
Valid values are 0.0 through 999.
•Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM)—Select Enable to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM)
extensions. This field is enabled by default. With WMM enabled, QoS prioritization and
coordination of wireless medium access is on. With WMM enabled, QoS settings on the
AP control downstream traffic flowing from the WAP device to client station (AP
EDCA parameters) and the upstream traffic flowing from the station to the AP (station
EDCA parameters).
Disabling WMM deactivates QoS control of station EDCA parameters on upstream
traffic flowing from the station to the WAP device. With WMM disabled, you can still
set some parameters on the downstream traffic flowing from the WAP device to the
client station (AP EDCA parameters).
•TXOP Limit (Station only)—The TXOP Limit is a station EDCA parameter and only
applies to traffic flowing from the client station to the WAP device. The Transmission
Opportunity (TXOP) is an interval of time, in milliseconds, when a WME client station
has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium (WM) towards the WAP
device. The TXOP Limit maximum value is 65535.
STEP 4 Configure the following additional settings:
•No Acknowledgement—Select Enable to specify that the WAP device should not
acknowledge frames with QosNoAck as the service class value.
•Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery—Select Enable to enable APSD, which
is a power management method. APSD is recommended if VoIP phones access the
network through the WAP device.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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!
CAUTION After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
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6
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System Security
This chapter describes how to configure security settings on the AP device.
It contains these topics:
• RADIUS Server
• 802.1X Supplicant
• Password Complexity
• WPA-PSK Complexity
RADIUS Server
Several features require communication with a RADIUS authentication server. For example,
when you configure Virtual Access Points (VAPs) on the AP, you can configure security
methods that control wireless client access (see the Radio page). The Dynamic WEP and WPA
Enterprise security methods use an external RADIUS server to authenticate clients. The MAC
address filtering feature, where client access is restricted to a list, may also be configured to
use a RADIUS server to control access. The Captive Portal feature also uses RADIUS to
authenticate clients.
You can use the Radius Server page to configure the RADIUS servers that are used by these
features. You can configure up to four globally available IPv4 or IPv6 RADIUS servers;
however, you must select whether the RADIUS client operates in IPv4 or IPv6 mode with
respect to the global servers. One of the servers always acts as a primary while the others act as
backup servers.
NOTE In addition to using the global RADIUS servers, you can also configure each VAP to use a
specific set of RADIUS servers. See the Networks page.
To configure global RADIUS servers:
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RADIUS Server
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STEP 1 Select System Security > RADIUS Server in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter the parameters:
•Server IP Address Type—The IP version that the RADIUS server uses.
You can toggle between the address types to configure IPv4 and IPv6 global RADIUS
address settings, but the WAP device contacts only the RADIUS server or servers of the
address type you select in this field.
•Server IP Address 1 or Server IPv6 Address 1—The addresses for the primary global
RADIUS server.
When the first wireless client tries to authenticate with the WAP device, the device
sends an authentication request to the primary server. If the primary server responds to
the authentication request, the WAP device continues to use this RADIUS server as the
primary server, and authentication requests are sent to the address specified.
•Server IP Address (2 through 4) or Server IPv6 Address (2 through 4)—Up to three
backup IPv4 or IPv6 RADIUS server addresses.
If authentication fails with the primary server, each configured backup server is tried in
sequence.
•Key 1—The shared secret key that the WAP device uses to authenticate to the primary
RADIUS server.
You can use from 1 to 64 standard alphanumeric and special characters. The key is case
sensitive and must match the key configured on the RADIUS server. The text you enter
appears as asterisks.
•Key (2 through 4)—The RADIUS key associated with the configured backup RADIUS
servers. The server at Server IP (IPv6) Address 2 uses Key 2, the server at Server IP
(IPv6) Address-3 uses Key 3, and so on.
•Enable RADIUS Accounting—Enables tracking and measuring of the resources a
particular user has consumed, such as system time, amount of data transmitted and
received, and so on.
If you enable RADIUS accounting, it is enabled for the primary RADIUS server and all
backup servers.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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802.1X Supplicant
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802.1X Supplicant
IEEE 802.1X authentication enables the access point to gain access to a secured wired
network. You can enable the access point as an 802.1X supplicant (client) on the wired
network. A user name and password that are encrypted using the MD5 algorithm can be
configured to allow the access point to authenticate using 802.1X.
On networks that use IEEE 802.1X port-based network access control, a supplicant cannot
gain access to the network until the 802.1X authenticator grants access. If your network uses
802.1X, you must configure 802.1X authentication information on the WAP device, so that it
can supply it to the authenticator.
The 802.1X Supplicant page is divided into three areas: Supplicant Configuration, Certificate
File Status, and Certificate File Upload.
The Supplicant Configuration area enables you to configure the 802.1X operational status and
basic settings.
STEP 1 Select System Security > 802.1X Supplicant in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Refresh to update the Certificate file status.
STEP 3 Enter the parameters:
•Administrative Mode—Enables the 802.1X supplicant functionality.
•EAP Method—The algorithm to be used for encrypting authentication user names and
passwords.
-MD5—A hash function defined in RFC 3748 that provides basic security.
-PEAP—Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, which provides a higher
level of security than MD5 by encapsulating it within a TLS tunnel.
-TLS—Transport Layer Security, as defined in RFC 5216, an open standard that
provides a high level of security.
•Username—The WAP device uses this username when responding to requests from an
802.1X authenticator. The username can be 1 to 64 characters long. ASCII-printable
characters are allowed, which includes uppercase and lowercase alphabetic letters,
numeric digits, and all special characters except quotation marks.
•Password—The WAP device uses this MD5 password when responding to requests
from an 802.1X authenticator. The password can be 1 to 64 characters in length. ASCII-
printable characters are allowed, which includes uppercase and lowercase alphabetic
letters, numeric digits, and all special characters except quotation marks.
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STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and
restarted. When this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend
that you change WAP device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your
wireless clients.
The Certificate File Status area shows whether a current certificate exists:
•Certificate File Present—Indicates whether the HTTP SSL Certificate file is present.
The field shows Yes if it is present. The default setting is No.
•Certificate Expiration Date—Indicates when the HTTP SSL Certificate file will expire.
The range is a valid date.
The Certificate File Upload area enables you to upload a certificate file to the AP:
STEP 1 Select either HTTP or TFTP as the Transfer Method.
STEP 2 If you selected HTTP, click Browse to select the file.
NOTE To configure the HTTP and HTTPS server settings, see HTTP/HTTPS Service.
If you selected TFTP, enter the Filename and the TFTP Server IPv4 Address. The filename
cannot contain the following characters: spaces, <, >, |, \, : , (, ), &, ; , #, ? , *, and two or more
successive periods.
STEP 3 Click Upload.
A confirmation window appears, followed by a progress bar to indicate the status of the
upload.
Password Complexity
You can configure complexity requirements for passwords used to access the WAP device
configuration utility. Complex passwords increase security.
To configure password complexity requirements:
STEP 1 Select System Security > Password Complexity in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 For the Password Complexity setting, select Enable.
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STEP 3 Configure the parameters:
•Password Minimum Character Class—The minimum number of character classes that
must be represented in the password string. The four possible character classes are
uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters available on a
standard keyboard.
•Password Different From Current—Select to have users enter a different password
when their current password expires. If not selected, users can reenter the same
password when it expires.
•Maximum Password Length—The maximum password character length is a range from
64 to 80. The default is 64.
•Minimum Password Length—The minimum password character length is a range from
0 to 32. The default is 8.
•Password Aging Support—Select to have passwords expire after a configured time
period.
•Password Aging Time—The number of days before a newly created password expires,
from 1 to 365. The default is 180 days.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
WPA-PSK Complexity
When you configure VAPs on the WAP device, you can select a method of securely
authenticating clients. If you select the WPA Personal protocol (also known as WPA pre-
shared key or WPA-PSK) as the security method for any VAP, you can use the WPA-PSK
Complexity page to configure complexity requirements for the key used in the authentication
process. More complex keys provide increased security.
To configure WPA-PSK complexity:
STEP 1 Select System Security > WPA-PSK Complexity in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Enable for the WPA-PSK Complexity setting to enable the WAP device to check WPA-
PSK keys against the criteria you configure. If you uncheck the box, none of these settings are
used. WPA-PSK Complexity is disabled by default.
STEP 3 Configure the parameters:
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•WPA-PSK Minimum Character Class—The minimum number of character classes that
must be represented in the key string. The four possible character classes are uppercase
letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters available on a standard
keyboard. Three is the default.
•WPA-PSK Different From Current—Select one of these options:
-Enable—Users must configure a different key after their current key expires.
-Disable—Users can use the old or previous key after their current key expires.
•Maximum WPA-PSK Length—The maximum key length in number of characters is
from 32 to 63. The default is 63.
•Minimum WPA-PSK Length—The minimum key length in number of characters is
from 8 to 16. The default is 8. Check the box to make the field editable and to activate
this requirement.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
7
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Client Quality of Service
This chapter provides an overview of Client quality of service (QoS) and explains the QoS
features available from the Client QoS menu. It contains these topics:
• Client QoS Global Settings
•ACL
• Class Map
• Policy Map
• Client QoS Association
• Client QoS Status
Client QoS Global Settings
You can use the Client QoS Global Settings page to enable or disable quality of service
functionality on the WAP device.
If you disable Client QoS Mode, all ACLs, rate limiting, and DiffServ configurations are
globally disabled.
If you enable this mode, you can also enable or disable Client QoS mode on particular VAPs.
See the Client QoS Mode setting on the Client QoS Association page.
ACL
ACLs are a collection of permit and deny conditions, called rules, that provide security by
blocking unauthorized users and allowing authorized users to access specific resources. ACLs
can block any unwarranted attempts to reach network resources.
The AP supports up to 50 IPv4, IPv6, and MAC ACLs.
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IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs
IP ACLs classify traffic for Layers 3 and 4.
Each ACL is a set of up to 10 rules applied to traffic sent or received by the WAP device. Each
rule specifies whether the contents of a given field should be used to permit or deny access to
the network. Rules can be based on various criteria and may apply to one or more fields within
a packet, such as the source or destination IP address, the source or destination port, or the
protocol carried in the packet.
NOTE There is an implicit deny at the end of every rule created. To avoid deny all, it is strongly
recommended to add a permit rule within the ACL to allow traffic.
MAC ACLs
MAC ACLs are Layer 2 ACLs. You can configure the rules to inspect fields of a frame such as
the source or destination MAC address, the VLAN ID, or the class of service. When a frame
enters or exits the WAP device port (depending on whether the ACL is applied in the up or
down direction), the WAP device inspects the frame and checks the ACL rules against the
content of the frame. If any of the rules match the content, a permit or deny action is taken on
the frame.
Configuring ACLs
Configure ACLs and rules on the ACL Configuration page, and then apply the rules to a
specified VAP.
These steps give a general description of how to configure ACLs:
STEP 1 Select Client QoS > ACL in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Specify a name for the ACL.
STEP 3 Select the type of ACL to add.
STEP 4 Add the ACL.
STEP 5 Add new rules to the ACL.
STEP 6 Configure the match criteria for the rules.
STEP 7 Use the Client QoS Association page to apply the ACL to one or more VAPs.
These steps give a detailed description of how to configure ACLs:
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STEP 1 Select Client QoS > ACL in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter these parameters to create a new ACL:
•ACL Name—A name to identify the ACL. The ACL name can include from 1 to 31
alphanumeric characters and the following special characters: hyphen, underscore,
backslash, and colon. Spaces are not allowed.
•ACL Type—The type of ACL to configure:
-IPv4
-IPv6
-MAC
IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs control access to network resources based on Layer 3 and Layer 4
criteria. MAC ACLs control access based on Layer 2 criteria.
STEP 3 Click Add ACL.
The page shows additional fields for configuring the ACL.
STEP 4 Configure the rule parameters:
•ACL Name - ACL Type—The ACL to configure with the new rule. The list contains all
ACLs added in the ACL Configuration section.
•Rule—The action to be taken:
-Select New Rule to configure a new rule for the selected ACL.
-A rule cannot be modified or deleted. If the rules need to be modified or deleted, the
entire ACL needs to be deleted and recreated. The rules are specific to the ACL for
which they are created and cannot be shared across ACLs.
When an ACL has multiple rules, the rules are applied to the packet or frame in the order
in which you add them to the ACL. There is an implicit deny all rule as the final rule.
•Action—Whether the ACL rule permits or denies an action.
When you select Permit, the rule allows all traffic that meets the rule criteria to enter or
exit the WAP device (depending on the ACL direction you select). Traffic that does not
meet the criteria is dropped.
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When you select Deny, the rule blocks all traffic that meets the rule criteria from
entering or exiting the WAP device (depending on the ACL direction you select). Traffic
that does not meet the criteria is forwarded unless this rule is the final rule. Because
there is an implicit deny all rule at the end of every ACL, traffic that is not explicitly
permitted is dropped.
•Match Every Packet—If selected, the rule, which either has a permit or deny action,
matches the frame or packet regardless of its contents.
If you select this field, you cannot configure any additional match criteria. The Match
Every Packet option is selected by default for a new rule. You must clear the option to
configure other match fields.
For IPv4 ACLs, configure these parameters:
•Protocol—The Protocol field to use an Layer 3 or Layer 4 protocol match condition
based on the value of the IP Protocol field in IPv4 packets or the Next Header field in
IPv6 packets.
If you select Protocol, select one of these options:
-Select From List—Select one of these protocols: IP, ICMP, IGMP, TCP, or UDP.
-Match to Value—Enter a standard IANA-assigned protocol ID from
0 to 255. Choose this method to identify a protocol not listed by name in the Select
From List.
•Source IP Address—Requires a packet's source IP address to match the address listed
here. Enter an IP address in the appropriate field to apply this criteria.
•Wild Card Mask—The source IP address wildcard mask.
The wildcard mask determines which bits are used and which bits are ignored. A
wildcard mask of 255.255.255.255 indicates that no bit is important. A wildcard of
0.0.0.0 indicates that all bits are important. This field is required when Source IP
Address is checked.
A wildcard mask is basically the inverse of a subnet mask. For example, to match the
criteria to a single host address, use a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.0. To match the criteria to
a 24-bit subnet (for example, 192.168.10.0/24), use a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255.
•Source Port—Includes a source port in the match condition for the rule. The source port
is identified in the datagram header.
If you select Source Port, choose the port name or enter the port number.
-Select From List—The keyword associated with the source port to match: ftp,
ftpdata, http, smtp, snmp, telnet, tftp, www.
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Each of these keywords translates into its equivalent port number.
-Match to Port—The IANA port number to match to the source port identified in the
datagram header. The port range is 0 to 65535 and includes three different types of
ports:
0 to 1023—Well Known Ports
1024 to 49151—Registered Ports
49152 to 65535—Dynamic and/or Private Ports
•Destination IP Address—Requires a packet's destination IP address to match the
address listed here. Enter an IP address in the appropriate field to apply this criteria.
•Wild Card Mask—The destination IP address wildcard mask.
The wildcard mask determines which bits are used and which bits are ignored. A
wildcard mask of 255.255.255.255 indicates that no bit is important. A wildcard of
0.0.0.0 indicates that all bits are important. This field is required when Source IP
Address is selected.
A wildcard mask is basically the inverse of a subnet mask. For example, to match the
criteria to a single host address, use a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.0. To match the criteria to
a 24-bit subnet (for example, 192.168.10.0/24), use a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255.
•Destination Port—Includes a destination port in the match condition for the rule. The
destination port is identified in the datagram header.
If you select the Destination Port, choose the port name or enter the port number.
-Select From List—Select the keyword associated with the destination port to match:
ftp, ftpdata, http, smtp, snmp, telnet, tftp, www.
Each of these keywords translates into its equivalent port number.
-Match to Port—The IANA port number to match to the destination port identified
in the datagram header. The port range is from 0 to 65535 and includes three
different types of ports:
0 to 1023—Well-Known Ports
1024 to 49151—Registered Ports
49152 to 65535—Dynamic and/or Private Ports
•IP DSCP—Matches packets based on their IP DSCP value.
If you select IP DSCP, choose one of these options as the match criteria:
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-Select From List—DSCP Assured Forwarding (AS), Class of Service (CS), or
Expedited Forwarding (EF) values.
-Match to Value—A custom DSCP value, from 0 to 63.
•IP Precedence—Matches packets based on their IP Precedence value. If selected, enter
an IP Precedence value from 0 to 7.
•IP TOS Bits—Specifies a value to use the packet's Type of Service bits in the IP header
as match criteria.
The IP TOS field in a packet is defined as all eight bits of the Service Type octet in the
IP header. The IP TOS Bits value is a two-digit hexadecimal number from 00 to ff.
The high-order three bits represent the IP precedence value. The high-order six bits
represent the IP Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value.
•IP TOS Mask—Enter an IP TOS Mask value to identify the bit positions in the IP TOS
Bits value that are used for comparison against the IP TOS field in a packet.
The IP TOS Mask value is a two-digit hexadecimal number from 00 to FF, representing
an inverted (that is, wildcard) mask. The zero-valued bits in the IP TOS Mask denote
the bit positions in the IP TOS Bits value that are used for comparison against the IP
TOS field of a packet. For example, to check for an IP TOS value having bits 7 and 5
set and bit 1 clear, where bit 7 is most significant, use an IP TOS Bits value of 0 and an
IP TOS Mask of 00.
For IPv6 ACLs, configure these parameters:
•Protocol—Select the Protocol field to use a Layer 3 or Layer 4 protocol match condition
based on the value of the IP Protocol field in IPv4 packets or the Next Header field in
IPv6 packets.
If you select this field, choose the protocol to match by keyword or protocol ID.
•Source IPv6 Address—Select this field to require a packet's source IPv6 address to
match the address listed here. Enter an IPv6 address in the appropriate field to apply this
criteria.
•Source IPv6 Prefix Length—Enter the prefix length of the source IPv6 address.
•Source Port—Select this option to include a source port in the match condition for the
rule. The source port is identified in the datagram header. If selected, choose the port
name or enter the port number.
•Destination IPv6 Address—Select this field to require a packet's destination IPv6
address to match the address listed here. Enter an IPv6 address in the appropriate field
to apply this criteria.
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•Destination IPv6 Prefix Length—Enter the prefix length of the destination IPv6
address.
•Destination Port—Select this option to include a destination port in the match condition
for the rule. The destination port is identified in the datagram header. If selected, choose
the port name or enter the port number.
•IPv6 Flow Label—A 20-bit number that is unique to an IPv6 packet. It is used by end
stations to signify QoS handling in routers (range 0 to 1048575).
•IP DSCP—Matches packets based on their IP DSCP value. If selected, choose one of
these options as the match criteria:
-Select From List—DSCP Assured Forwarding (AS), Class of Service (CS), or
Expedited Forwarding (EF) values.
-Match to Value—A custom DSCP value, from 0 to 63.
For a MAC ACL, configure these parameters:
•EtherType—Select to compare the match criteria against the value in the header of an
Ethernet frame.
Select an EtherType keyword or enter an EtherType value to specify the match criteria.
-Select from List—Select one of these protocol types: appletalk, arp, ipv4, ipv6, ipx,
netbios, pppoe.
-Match to Value—Enter a custom protocol identifier to which packets are matched.
The value is a four-digit hexadecimal number in the range of 0600 to FFFF.
•Class of Service—Select this field and enter an 802.1p user priority to compare against
an Ethernet frame.
The valid range is from 0 to 7. This field is located in the first/only 802.1Q VLAN tag.
•Source MAC Address—Select this field and enter the source MAC address to compare
against an Ethernet frame.
•Source MAC Mask—Select this field and enter the source MAC address mask
specifying which bits in the source MAC to compare against an Ethernet frame.
For each bit position in the MAC mask, a 0 indicates that the corresponding address bit
is significant and a 1 indicates that the address bit is ignored. For example, to check only
the first four octets of a MAC address, a MAC mask of 00:00:00:00:ff:ff is used. A
MAC mask of 00:00:00:00:00:00 checks all address bits and is used to match a single
MAC address.
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•Destination MAC Address—Select this field and enter the destination MAC address to
compare against an Ethernet frame.
•Destination MAC Mask—Enter the destination MAC address mask to specify which
bits in the destination MAC to compare against an Ethernet frame.
For each bit position in the MAC mask, a 0 indicates that the corresponding address bit
is significant and a 1 indicates that the address bit is ignored. For example, to check only
the first four octets of a MAC address, a MAC mask of 00:00:00:00:ff:ff is used. A
MAC mask of 00:00:00:00:00:00 checks all address bits and is used to match a single
MAC address.
•VLAN ID—Select this field and enter the specific VLAN ID to compare against an
Ethernet frame.
This field is located in the first/only 802.1Q VLAN tag.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To delete an ACL, ensure that it is selected in the ACL Name-ACL Type list, select Delete ACL,
and click Save.
NOTE An ACL can only be deleted when it is not associated to any VAP.
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Class Map
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Class Map
The Client QoS feature contains Differentiated Services (DiffServ) support that allows traffic
to be classified into streams and given a certain QoS treatment in accordance with defined per-
hop behaviors.
Standard IP-based networks are designed to provide best-effort data delivery service. Best-
effort service implies that the network delivers the data in a timely fashion, although there is
no guarantee that it will. During times of congestion, packets may be delayed, sent
sporadically, or dropped. For typical Internet applications, such as e-mail and file transfer, a
slight degradation in service is acceptable and in many cases unnoticeable. However, on
applications with strict timing requirements, such as voice or multimedia, any degradation of
service has undesirable effects.
A DiffServ configuration begins with defining class maps, which classify traffic according to
their IP protocol and other criteria. Each class map can then be associated with a policy map,
which defines how to handle the traffic class. Classes that include time-sensitive traffic can be
assigned to policy maps that give precedence over other traffic.
You can use the Class Map page to define classes of traffic. Use the Policy Map page to define
policies and associate class maps to them.
Adding a Class Map
To add a class map:
STEP 1 Select Client QoS > Class Map in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter a Class Map Name. The name can include from 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters and the
following special characters: hyphen, underscore, backslash, and colon. Spaces are not
allowed.
STEP 3 Select a value from the Match Layer 3 Protocol list:
•IPv4—The class map applies only to IPv4 traffic on the WAP device.
•IPv6—The class map applies only to IPv6 traffic on the WAP device.
The Class Map page appears with additional fields, depending on the Layer 3 protocol
selected:
Use the fields in the Match Criteria Configuration area to match packets to a class. Select the
check box for each field to be used as a criterion for a class and enter data in the related field.
You can have multiple match criteria in a class.
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The match criteria fields that are available depend on whether the class map is an IPv4 or IPv6
class map.
Defining a Class Map
To configure a class map:
STEP 1 Select the class map from the Class Map Name list.
STEP 2 Configure the parameters (parameters that appear only for IPv4 or IPv6 class maps are noted):
•Match Every Packet—The match condition is true to all the parameters in a Layer 3
packet.
When selected, all Layer 3 packets will match the condition.
•Protocol—Use a Layer 3 or Layer 4 protocol match condition based on the value of the
IP Protocol field in IPv4 packets or the Next Header field in IPv6 packets.
If you select this field, choose the protocol to match by keyword or enter a protocol ID.
-Select From List—Match the selected protocol: IP, ICMP, IPv6, ICMPv6, IGMP,
TCP, UDP.
-Match to Value—Match a protocol that is not listed by name. Enter the protocol ID.
The protocol ID is a standard value assigned by IANA. The range is a number from
0 to 255.
•Source IP Address or Source IPv6 Address—Requires a packet's source IP address to
match the address listed here. Check the box and enter an IP address.
•Source IP Mask (IPv4 only)—The source IP address mask.
The mask for DiffServ is a network-style bit mask in IP dotted decimal format
indicating which part(s) of the destination IP address to use for matching against packet
content.
A DiffServ mask of 255.255.255.255 indicates that all bits are important, and a mask of
0.0.0.0 indicates that no bits are important. The opposite is true with an ACL wildcard
mask. For example, to match the criteria to a single host address, use a mask of
255.255.255.255. To match the criteria to a 24-bit subnet (for example, 192.168.10.0/
24), use a mask of 255.255.255.0.
•Source IPv6 Prefix Length (IPv6 only)—The prefix length of the source IPv6 address.
•Destination IP Address or Destination IPv6 Address—Requires a packet's destination
IP address to match the address listed here. Enter an IP address in the appropriate field
to apply this criteria.
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•Destination IP Mask (IPv4 only)—The destination IP address mask.
The mask for DiffServ is a network-style bit mask in IP dotted decimal format
indicating which part(s) of the destination IP address to use for matching against packet
content.
A DiffServ mask of 255.255.255.255 indicates that all bits are important, and a mask of
0.0.0.0 indicates that no bits are important. The opposite is true with an ACL wildcard
mask. For example, to match the criteria to a single host address, use a mask of
255.255.255.255. To match the criteria to a 24-bit subnet (for example, 192.168.10.0/
24), use a mask of 255.255.255.0.
•Destination IPv6 Prefix Length (IPv6 only)—The prefix length of the destination IPv6
address.
•IPv6 Flow Label (IPv6 only)—A 20-bit number that is unique to an IPv6 packet. It is
used by end stations to signify QoS handling in routers (range 0 to 1048575).
•IP DSCP—See description under Service Type fields.
•Source Port—Includes a source port in the match condition for the rule. The source port
is identified in the datagram header.
If you select the field, choose the port name or enter the port number.
-Select From List—Matches a keyword associated with the source port: ftp, ftpdata,
http, smtp, snmp, telnet, tftp, www.
Each of these keywords translates into its equivalent port number.
-Match to Port—Matches the source port number in the datagram header to an IANA
port number that you specify. The port range is from 0 to 65535 and includes three
different types of ports:
0 to 1023—Well-Known Ports
1024 to 49151—Registered Ports
49152 to 65535—Dynamic and/or Private Ports
•Destination Port—Includes a destination port in the match condition for the rule. The
destination port is identified in the datagram header.
If you select this field, choose the port name or enter the port number.
-Select From List—Matches the destination port in the datagram header with the
selected keyword: ftp, ftpdata, http, smtp, snmp, telnet, tftp, www.
Each of these keywords translates into its equivalent port number.
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-Match to Port—Matches the destination port in the datagram header with an IANA
port number that you specify. The port range is from 0 to 65535 and includes three
different types of ports:
0 to 1023—Well Known Ports
1024 to 49151—Registered Ports
49152 to 65535—Dynamic and/or Private Ports
•EtherType—Compares the match criteria against the value in the header of an Ethernet
frame.
Select an EtherType keyword or enter an EtherType value to specify the match criteria.
-Select from List—Matches the Ethertype in the datagram header with the selected
protocol types: appletalk, arp, ipv4, ipv6, ipx, netbios, pppoe.
-Match to Value—Matches the Ethertype in the datagram header with a custom
protocol identifier that you specify. The value can be a four-digit hexadecimal
number in the range of 0600 to FFFF.
•Class of Service—A class of service 802.1p user priority value to be matched for the
packets. The valid range is from 0 to 7.
•Source MAC Address—A source MAC address to compare against an Ethernet frame.
•Source MAC Mask—The source MAC address mask specifying which bits in the
source MAC to compare against an Ethernet frame.
For each bit position in the MAC mask, a 1 indicates that the corresponding address bit
is significant and a 0 indicates that the address bit is ignored. For example, to check only
the first four octets of a MAC address, a MAC mask of ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00 is used. A MAC
mask of ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff checks all address bits and is used to match a single MAC
address.
•Destination MAC Address—The destination MAC address to compare against an
Ethernet frame.
•Destination MAC Mask—The destination MAC address mask specifying which bits in
the destination MAC to compare against an Ethernet frame.
For each bit position in the MAC mask, a 1 indicates that the corresponding address bit
is significant and a 0 indicates that the address bit is ignored. For example, to check only
the first four octets of a MAC address, a MAC mask of ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00 is used. A MAC
mask of ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff checks all address bits and is used to match a single MAC
address.
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•VLAN ID—A VLAN ID to be matched for packets. The VLAN ID range is
from 0 to 4095.
The following Service Type fields show for IPv4 only. You can specify one type of service
to use in matching packets to class criteria.
•IP DSCP—A differentiated services code point (DSCP) value to use as a match
criterion:
-Select from List—A list of DSCP types.
-Match to Value—A DSCP value that you specify, from 0 to 63.
•IP Precedence (IPv4 only)—Matches the packet's IP Precedence value to the class
criteria IP Precedence value. The IP Precedence range is from 0 to 7.
•IP TOS Bits (IPv4 only)—Uses the packet's Type of Service bits in the IP header as
match criteria.
The IP TOS bit value ranges between (00 to FF). The high-order three bits represent the
IP Precedence value. The high-order six bits represent the IP Differentiated Services
Code Point (DSCP) value.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To delete a class map, select it in the Class Map Name list and click Delete. The class map
cannot be deleted if it is already attached to a policy.
Policy Map
Packets are classified and processed based on defined criteria. The classification criteria is
defined by a class on the Class Map page. The processing is defined by a policy's attributes on
the Policy Map page. Policy attributes may be defined on a per-class instance basis and
determine how traffic that matches the class criteria is handled.
The WAP device supports up to 50 policy maps. A policy map can contain up to 10 class
maps.
To add and configure a policy map:
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STEP 1 Select Client QoS > Policy Map in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter a Policy Map Name The name can include from 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters and the
following special characters: hyphen, underscore, backslash, and colon. Spaces are not
allowed.
STEP 3 Click Add Policy Map. The page refreshes with additional fields for configuring the policy
map.
STEP 4 In the Policy Class Definition area, ensure that the newly created policy map shows in the
Policy Map Name list.
STEP 5 In the Class Map Name list, select the class map to apply this policy.
STEP 6 Configure the parameters:
•Police Simple—Establishes the traffic policing style for the class. The simple form of
the policing style uses a single data rate and burst size, resulting in two outcomes:
conform and nonconform. If you select this field, configure one of these fields:
-Committed Rate—The committed rate, in Kbps, to which traffic must conform. The
range is from 1 to 1000000 Kbps.
-Committed Burst—The committed burst size, in bytes, to which traffic must
conform. The range is from 1 to 204800000 bytes.
•Send—Specifies that all packets for the associated traffic stream are to be forwarded if
the class map criteria is met.
•Drop—Specifies that all packets for the associated traffic stream are to be dropped if the
class map criteria is met.
•Mark Class of Service—Marks all packets for the associated traffic stream with the
specified class of service value in the priority field of the 802.1p header. If the packet
does not already contain this header, one is inserted. The CoS value is an integer from
0 to 7.
•Mark IP DSCP—Marks all packets for the associated traffic stream with the IP DSCP
value you select from the list or specify.
-Select from List—A list of DSCP types.
-Match to Value—A DSCP value that you specify. The value is an integer between 0
to 63.
•Mark IP Precedence—Marks all packets for the associated traffic stream with the
specified IP precedence value. The IP precedence value is an integer from 0 to 7.
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•Disassociate Class Map—Removes the class selected in the Class Map Name list from
the policy selected in the Policy Map Name list.
•Member Classes—Lists all DiffServ classes currently defined as members of the
selected policy. If no class is associated with the policy, the field is empty.
STEP 7 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To delete a policy map, select it in the Policy Map Name list and click Delete.
NOTE A policy map can only be deleted when it is not associated to any VAP.
NOTE The policy marking paramaters like Mark Class of Service, Mark IP DSCP and Mark IP
Precedence are not supported for IPV6 Class Map.
Client QoS Association
The Client QoS Association page provides additional control over certain QoS aspects of
wireless clients that connect to the network, such as the amount of bandwidth an individual
client is allowed to send and receive. To control general categories of traffic, such as HTTP
traffic or traffic from a specific subnet, you can configure ACLs and assign them to one or
more VAPs.
In addition to controlling general traffic categories, Client QoS allows you to configure per-
client conditioning of various micro-flows through Differentiated Services (DiffServ).
DiffServ policies are a useful tool for establishing general micro-flow definition and treatment
characteristics that can be applied to each wireless client, both inbound and outbound, when it
is authenticated on the network.
To configure client QoS association parameters:
STEP 1 Select Client QoS > Client QoS Association in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select the radio interface on which you want to configure the association (Radio 1 or Radio 2).
STEP 3 From the VAP list, select the VAP on which you want to configure client QoS parameters.
STEP 4 Select Enable for the Client QoS Global to enable this feature.
STEP 5 Configure these parameters for the selected VAP:
•Client QoS Mode—Select Enable to enable client QoS functionality on the selected
VAP.
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•Bandwidth Limit Down—The maximum allowed transmission rate from the WAP
device to the client in bits per second (bps). The valid range is from 0 to 1300 Mbps.
•Bandwidth Limit Up—The maximum allowed transmission rate from the client to the
WAP device in bits per second (bps). The valid range is from 0 to 1300 Mbps.
•ACL Type Down—The type of ACL to apply to traffic in the outbound (WAP device-
to-client) direction, which can be one of these options:
-IPv4—The ACL examines IPv4 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-IPv6—The ACL examines IPv6 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-MAC—The ACL examines Layer 2 frames for matches to ACL rules.
•ACL Name Down—The name of the ACL applied to traffic in the outbound direction.
After switching the packet or frame to the outbound interface, the ACL's rules are
checked for a match. The packet or frame is transmitted if it is permitted and discarded
if it is denied.
•ACL Type Up—The type of ACL that is applied to traffic in the inbound (client-to-
WAP) direction, which can be one of these options:
-IPv4—The ACL examines IPv4 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-IPv6—The ACL examines IPv6 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-MAC—The ACL examines Layer 2 frames for matches to ACL rules.
•ACL Name Up—The name of the ACL applied to traffic entering the WAP device in
the inbound direction.
When a packet or frame is received by the WAP device, the ACL's rules are checked for
a match. The packet or frame is processed if it is permitted and discarded if it is denied.
•DiffServ Policy Down—The name of the DiffServ policy applied to traffic from the
WAP device in the outbound (WAP-to-client) direction.
•DiffServ Policy Up—The name of the DiffServ policy applied to traffic sent to the WAP
device in the inbound (client-to-WAP) direction.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
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Client QoS Status
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Client QoS Status
The Client QoS Status page shows the client QoS settings that are applied to each client
currently associated with the WAP device.
To show the Client QoS Status page, select Client QoS > Client QoS Status in the navigation
pane.
Use these fields to configure Client QoS Status:
•Station—The Station menu contains the MAC address of each client currently
associated with the WAP device. To view the QoS settings applied to a client, select its
MAC address from the list.
•Global QoS Mode—Whether QoS is enabled globally on the WAP device. This status
is configured on the Client QoS Global Settings page.
•Client QoS Mode—Whether QoS is enabled on the associated VAP. This status is
configured on the Client QoS Association page.
•Bandwidth Limit Down—The maximum allowed transmission rate from the WAP
device to the client in bits per second (bps). The valid range is from 0 to 4294967295
bps.
•Bandwidth Limit Up—The maximum allowed transmission rate from the client to the
WAP device in bits per second (bps). The valid range is from 0 to 4294967295 bps.
•ACL Type Up—The type of ACL that is applied to traffic in the inbound (client-to-
WAP) direction, which can be one of these options:
-IPv4: The ACL examines IPv4 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-IPv6: The ACL examines IPv6 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-MAC: The ACL examines Layer 2 frames for matches to ACL rules.
•ACL Name Up—The name of the ACL applied to traffic entering the WAP in the
inbound direction. When a packet or frame is received by the WAP, the ACL rules are
checked for a match. The packet or frame is processed if it is permitted and discarded
if it is denied.
•ACL Type Down—The type of ACL to apply to traffic in the outbound (WAP-to-
client) direction, which can be one of these options:
-IPv4: The ACL examines IPv4 packets for matches to ACL rules.
-IPv6: The ACL examines IPv6 packets for matches to ACL rules.
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-MAC: The ACL examines Layer 2 frames for matches to ACL rules.
•ACL Name Down—The name of the ACL applied to traffic in the outbound direction.
After switching the packet or frame to the outbound interface, the ACL rules are
checked for a match. The packet or frame is transmitted if it is permitted and discarded
if it is denied.
•DiffServ Policy Up—The name of the DiffServ policy applied to traffic sent to the
WAP device in the inbound (client-to-WAP) direction.
•DiffServ Policy Down—The name of the DiffServ policy applied to traffic from the
WAP device in the outbound (WAP-to-client) direction.
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Simple Network Management Protocol
This chapter describes how to configure the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
to perform configuration and statistics gathering tasks.
It contains these topics:
• General SNMP Settings
•Views
•Groups
•Users
•Targets
General SNMP Settings
You can use the General page to enable SNMP and configure basic protocol settings.
To configure general SNMP settings:
STEP 1 Select SNMP > General in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Enabled for the SNMP setting. SNMP is disabled by default.
STEP 3 Specify a UDP Port for SNMP traffic.
By default, an SNMP agent listens only to requests from port 161. However, you can
configure this so that the agent listens to requests on a different port. The valid range is from
1025 to 65535.
STEP 4 Configure the SNMPv2 settings:
•Read-only Community—A read-only community name for SNMPv2 access. The valid
range is 1 to 256 alphanumeric and special characters.
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The community name acts as a simple authentication feature to restrict the machines on
the network that can request data to the SNMP agent. The name functions as a password,
and the request is assumed to be authentic if the sender knows the password.
•Read-write Community—A read-write community name to be used for SNMP set
requests. The valid range is from 1 to 256 alphanumeric and special characters.
Setting a community name is similar to setting a password. Only requests from the
machines that identify themselves with this community name are accepted.
•Management Station—Determines which stations can access the WAP device through
SNMP. Select one of these options:
-All—The set of stations that can access the WAP device through SNMP is not
restricted.
-User Defined—The set of permitted SNMP requests is restricted to those specified.
•NMS IPv4 Address/Name—The IPv4 IP address, DNS hostname, or subnet of the
network management system (NMS), or the set of machines that can execute get and set
requests to the managed devices.
A DNS hostname can consist of one or more labels, which are sets of up to 63
alphanumeric characters. If a hostname includes multiple labels, each is separated by a
period (.). The entire series of labels and periods can be up to 253 characters long.
As with community names, this setting provides a level of security on SNMP settings.
The SNMP agent only accepts requests from the IP address, hostname, or subnet
specified here.
To specify a subnet, enter one or more subnetwork address ranges in the form address/
mask_length where address is an IP address and mask_length is the number of mask
bits. Both formats address/mask and address/mask_length are supported. For example,
if you enter a range of 192.168.1.0/24, this specifies a subnetwork with address
192.168.1.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
The address range is used to specify the subnet of the designated NMS. Only machines
with IP addresses in this range are permitted to execute get, and set requests on the
managed device. Given the example above, the machines with addresses from
192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254 can execute SNMP commands on the device. (The
address identified by suffix .0 in a subnetwork range is always reserved for the subnet
address, and the address identified by .255 in the range is always reserved for the
broadcast address.)
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General SNMP Settings
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As another example, if you enter a range of 10.10.1.128/25, machines with IP addresses
from 10.10.1.129 through 10.10.1.254 can execute SNMP requests on managed
devices. In this example, 10.10.1.128 is the network address and 10.10.1.255 is the
broadcast address. A total of 126 addresses would be designated.
•NMS IPv6 Address/Name—The IPv6 address, DNS hostname, or subnet of the
machines that can execute, get, and set requests to the managed devices. The IPv6
address should be in a form similar to xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
(2001:DB8::CAD5:7D91).
A hostname can consist of one or more labels, which are sets of up to 63 alphanumeric
characters. If a hostname includes multiple labels, each is separated by a period (.). The
entire series of labels and periods can be up to 253 characters long.
STEP 5 Configure the SNMPv2 trap settings:
•Trap Community—A global community string associated with SNMP traps. Traps sent
from the device provide this string as a community name. The valid range is from 1 to
60 alphanumeric and special characters.
•Trap Destination Table—A list of up to three IP addresses or hostnames to receive
SNMP traps. Check the box and choose a Host IP Address Type (IPv4 or IPv6) before
adding the Hostname/IP Address.
An example of a DNS hostname is snmptraps.foo.com. Because SNMP traps are sent
randomly from the SNMP agent, it makes sense to specify where exactly the traps
should be sent. You can have a maximum of three DNS hostnames. Ensure that you
select the Enabled check box and select the appropriate Host IP Address Type.
Also see the note about hostnames in the preceding step.
STEP 6 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE After new settings are saved, the corresponding processes may be stopped and restarted. When
this happens, the WAP device may lose connectivity. We recommend that you change WAP
device settings when a loss of connectivity will least affect your wireless clients.
Simple Network Management Protocol
Views
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Views
An SNMP MIB view is a family of view subtrees in the MIB hierarchy. A view subtree is
identified by the pairing of an Object Identifier (OID) subtree value with a bit string mask
value. Each MIB view is defined by two sets of view subtrees, included in or excluded from
the MIB view. You can create MIB views to control the OID range that SNMPv3 users can
access.
The AP supports a maximum of 16 views.
These notes summarize some critical guidelines regarding SNMPv3 view configuration.
Please read all the notes before proceeding.
NOTE A MIB view called all is created by default in the system. This view contains all management
objects supported by the system.
NOTE By default, view-all and view-none SNMPv3 views are created on the WAP device. These
views cannot be deleted or modified.
To add and configure an SNMP view:
STEP 1 Select SNMP > Views in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Add to create a new row in the SNMPv3 Views table.
STEP 3 Check the box in the new row and click Edit:
•View Name—Enter a name that identifies the MIB view. View names can contain up to
32 alphanumeric characters.
•Type—Choose whether to include or exclude the view subtree or family of subtrees
from the MIB view.
•OID—Enter an OID string for the subtree to include or exclude from the view.
For example, the system subtree is specified by the OID string .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.
•Mask—Enter an OID mask. The mask is 47 characters in length. The format of the OID
mask is xx.xx.xx (.)... or xx:xx:xx.... (:) and is 16 octets in length. Each octet is two
hexadecimal characters separated by either a period (.) or a colon (:). Only hex
characters are accepted in this field.
For example, OID mask FA.80 is 11111010.10000000.
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Groups
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A family mask is used to define a family of view subtrees. The family mask indicates
which subidentifiers of the associated family OID string are significant to the family's
definition. A family of view subtrees enables efficient control access to one row in a
table.
STEP 4 Click Save. The view is added to the SNMPv3 Views list and your changes are saved to the
Startup Configuration.
NOTE To remove a view, select the view in the list and click Delete.
Groups
SNMPv3 groups allow you to combine users into groups of different authorization and access
privileges. Each group is associated with one of three security levels:
•noAuthNoPriv
•authNoPriv
•authPriv
Access to Management Information Bases (MIBs) for each group is controlled by associating
a MIB view to a group for read or write access, separately.
By default, the AP has two groups:
•RO—A read-only group using authentication and data encryption. Users in this group
use an MD5 key/password for authentication and a DES key/password for encryption.
Both the MD5 and DES key/passwords must be defined. By default, users of this group
have read access to the default all MIB view.
•RW—A read/write group using authentication and data encryption. Users in this group
use an MD5 key/password for authentication and a DES key/password for encryption.
Both the MD5 and DES key/passwords must be defined. By default, users of this group
have read and write access to the default all MIB view.
NOTE The default groups RO and RW cannot be deleted.
NOTE The AP supports a maximum of eight groups.
To add and configure an SNMP group:
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Groups
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STEP 1 Select SNMP > Groups in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Add to create a new row in the SNMPv3 Groups table.
STEP 3 Check the box for the new group and click Edit.
STEP 4 Configure the parameters:
•Group Name—A name that identifies the group. The default group names are RO and
RW.
Group names can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters.
•Security Level—Sets the security level for the group, which can be one of these options:
-noAuthentication-noPrivacy—No authentication and no data encryption (no
security).
-Authentication-noPrivacy—Authentication, but no data encryption. With this
security level, users send SNMP messages that use an MD5 key/password for
authentication, but not a DES key/password for encryption.
-Authentication-Privacy—Authentication and data encryption. With this security
level, users send an MD5 key/password for authentication and a DES key/password
for encryption.
For groups that require authentication, encryption, or both, you must define the
MD5 and DES key/passwords on the SNMP Users page.
•Write Views—The write access to MIBs for the group, which can be one of these
options:
-view-all—The group can create, alter, and delete MIBs.
-view-none—The group cannot create, alter, or delete MIBs.
•Read Views—The read access to MIBs for the group:
-view-all—The group is allowed to view and read all MIBs.
-view-none—The group cannot view or read MIBs.
STEP 5 Click Save. The group is added to the SNMPv3 Groups list and your changes are saved to the
Startup Configuration.
NOTE To remove a group, select the group in the list and click Delete.
Simple Network Management Protocol
Users
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Users
You can use the SNMP Users page to define users, associate a security level to each user, and
configure security keys per-user.
Each user is mapped to an SNMPv3 group, either from the predefined or user-defined groups,
and, optionally, is configured for authentication and encryption. For authentication, only the
MD5 type is supported. For encryption, only the DES type is supported. There are no default
SNMPv3 users on the AP, and you can add up to eight users.
To add SNMP users:
STEP 1 Select SNMP > Users in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Add to create a new row in the SNMPv3 Users table.
STEP 3 Check the box in the new row and click Edit.
STEP 4 Configure the parameters:
•User Name—A name that identifies the SNMPv3 user. User names can contain up to 32
alphanumeric characters.
•Group—The group that the user is mapped to. The default groups are RW and RO. You
can define additional groups on the SNMP Groups page.
•Authentication Type—The type of authentication to use on SNMPv3 requests from the
user, which can be one of these options:
-MD5—Require MD5 authentication on SNMP requests from the user.
-None—SNMPv3 requests from this user require no authentication.
•Authentication Pass Phrase—(If you specify MD5 as the Authentication Type) A pass
phrase to enable the SNMP agent to authenticate requests sent by the user. The pass
phrase must be between 8 and 32 characters in length.
•Encryption Type—The type of privacy to use on SNMP requests from the user, which
can be one of these options:
-DES—Use DES encryption on SNMPv3 requests from the user.
-None—SNMPv3 requests from this user require no privacy.
•Encryption Pass Phrase—(If you specify DES as the privacy type) A pass phrase to use
to encrypt the SNMP requests. The pass phrase must be between 8 and 32 characters in
length.
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Targets
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STEP 5 Click Save. The user is added to the SNMPv3 Users list and your changes are saved to the
Startup Configuration.
NOTE To remove a user, select the user in the list and click Delete.
Targets
SNMPv3 targets send SNMP notifications using Inform messages to the SNMP Manager. For
SNMPv3 targets, only Informs are sent, not traps. For SNMP versions 1 and 2, traps are sent.
Each target is defined with a target IP address, UDP port, and SNMPv3 user name.
NOTE SNMPv3 user configuration (see the Users page) should be completed before configuring
SNMPv3 targets.
NOTE The AP supports a maximum of eight targets.
To add SNMP targets:
STEP 1 Select SNMP > Targets in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Click Add. A new row is created in the table.
STEP 3 Check the box in the new row and click Edit.
STEP 4 Configure the parameters:
•IP Address—Enter the IPv4 address of the remote SNMP manager to receive the target.
•UDP Port—Enter the UDP port to use for sending SNMPv3 targets.
•Users—Enter the name of the SNMP user to associate with the target. To configure
SNMP users, see the Users page.
STEP 5 Click Save. The user is added to the SNMPv3 Targets list and your changes are saved to the
Startup Configuration.
NOTE To remove an SMMP target, select the user in the list and click Delete.
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Targets
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Captive Portal
This chapter describes the Captive Portal (CP) feature, which allows you to block wireless
clients from accessing the network until user verification has been established. You can
configure CP verification to allow access for both guest and authenticated users.
Authenticated users must be validated against a database of authorized Captive Portal groups
or users before access is granted. The database can be stored locally on the WAP device or on
a RADIUS server.
Captive Portal consists of two CP instances. Each instance can be configured independently,
with different verification methods for each VAP or SSID. Cisco WAP371 devices operate
concurrently with some VAPs configured for CP authentication and other VAPs configured for
normal wireless authentication methods, such as WPA or WPA Enterprise.
This chapter includes these topics:
• Local Groups
• Local Users
• Instance Configuration
• Instance Association
• Web Portal Customization
• Captive Portal Global Configuration
• Authenticated Clients
• Failed Authentication Clients
Local Groups
Each local user is assigned to a user group. Each group is assigned to a CP instance. The group
facilitates managing the assignment of users to CP instances.
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Local Users
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The user group named Default is built-in and cannot be deleted. You can create up to two
additional user groups.
To add local user groups:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Local Groups in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter a Group Name and click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
NOTE To delete a group, select it in the Captive Portal Groups list, select the Delete Group check box,
and click Save.
Local Users
You can configure a captive portal instance to accommodate either guest users and authorized
users. Guest users do not have assigned user names and passwords.
Authorized users provide a valid user name and password that must first be validated against a
local database or RADIUS server. Authorized users are typically assigned to a CP instance that
is associated with a different VAP than guest users.
You can use the Local Users page to configure up to 128 authorized users in the local database.
To add and configure a local user:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Local Users in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Enter a User Name and click Save.
Additional fields appear to configure the user.
STEP 3 Enter the parameters:
•User Password—Enter the password, from 8 to 64 alphanumeric and special characters.
A user must enter the password to log into the network through the Captive Portal.
•Show Password as Clear Text—When enabled, the text you type is visible. When
disabled, the text is not masked as you enter it.
•Away Timeout—The period of time a user remains in the CP authenticated client list
after the client disassociates from the AP. If the time specified in this field expires before
the client attempts to reauthenticate, the client entry is removed from the authenticated
client list. The range is from 0 to 1440 minutes. The default value is 60. The timeout
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Instance Configuration
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value configured here has precedence over the value configured for the captive portal
instance, unless the user value is set to 0. When set to 0, the timeout value configured
for the CP instance is used.
•Group Name—The assigned user group. Each CP instance is configured to support a
particular group of users.
•Maximum Bandwidth Up—The maximum upload speed, in megabits per second, that
a client can transmit traffic when using the captive portal. This setting limits the
bandwidth used to send data into the network. The range is from 0 to 300 Mbps. The
default is 0.
•Maximum Bandwidth Down—The maximum download speed, in megabits per second,
that a client can receive traffic when using the captive portal. This setting limits the
bandwidth used to receive data from the network. The range is from 0 to 300 Mbps. The
default is 0.
•Delete User—Deletes the current user.
STEP 4 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Instance Configuration
You can create up to two Captive Portal instances; each CP instance is a defined set of instance
parameters. Instances can be associated with one or more VAPs. Different instances can be
configured to respond differently to users as they attempt to access the associated VAP.
NOTE Before you create an instance, review these bullets first:
•Do you need to add a new VAP? If yes, go to Networks to add a VAP.
•Do you need to add a new group? If yes, go to Local Groups to add a group.
•Do you need to add a new user? If yes, go to Local Users to add a user.
To create a CP instance and configure its settings:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Instance Configuration in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Ensure that Create is selected from the Captive Portal Instances list.
STEP 3 Enter an Instance Name and click Save. The instance name can include from 1 to 32
alphanumeric characters and the underscore.
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STEP 4 Select the instance name from the Captive Portal Instances list.
The Captive Portal Instance Parameters fields reappear with additional options.
STEP 5 Configure the parameters:
•Instance ID—The instance ID. This field is nonconfigurable.
•Administrative Mode—Enables and disables the CP instance.
•Protocol—Specifies HTTP or HTTPs as the protocol for the CP instance to use during
the verification process.
-HTTP—Does not use encryption during verification.
-HTTPS—Uses the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which requires a certificate to
provide encryption.
The certificate is presented to the user at connection time.
•Verification—The authentication method for CP to use to verify clients:
-Guest—The user does not need to be authenticated by a database.
-Local—The WAP device uses a local database to authenticated users.
-RADIUS—The WAP device uses a database on a remote RADIUS server to
authenticate users.
•Redirect—Specifies that CP should redirect the newly authenticated client to the
configured URL. If this option is clear, the user sees the locale-specific welcome page
after a successful verification.
•Redirect URL—Enter the URL to which the newly authenticated client is redirected if
the URL Redirect Mode is enabled. The range is from 0 to 256 characters.
•Away Timeout—The amount of time a user remains in the CP authenticated client list
after the client disassociates from the WAP. If the time specified in this field expires
before the client attempts to reauthenticate, the client entry is removed from the
authenticated client list. The range is from 0 to 1440 minutes. The default value is 60
minutes.
NOTE An away timeout value is also configured for each user. See the Authenticated
Clients page. The away timeout value set on the Local Users page has precedence over
the value configured here, unless the value is set to 0 (the default). A value of 0 indicates
to use the instance timeout value.
•Session Timeout—The time remaining, in seconds, for the CP session to be valid. After
the time reaches zero, the client is deauthenticated. The range is from 0 to 1440 minutes.
The default value is 0.
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•Maximum Bandwidth Upstream—The maximum upload speed, in megabits per
second, that a client can transmit traffic when using the captive portal. This setting limits
the bandwidth at which the client can send data into the network. The range is from 0 to
300 Mbps. The default value is 0.
•Maximum Bandwidth Downstream—The maximum download speed, in megabits per
second, that a client can receive traffic when using the captive portal. This setting limits
the bandwidth at which the client can receive data from the network. The range is from
0 to 300 Mbps. The default value is 0.
•User Group Name—If the Verification Mode is Local or RADIUS, assigns an existing
User Group to the CP instance. All users who belong to the group are permitted to
access the network through this portal.
•RADIUS IP Network—The IP version that the RADIUS server uses. You can toggle
between the address types to configure IPv4 and IPv6 RADIUS address settings, but the
WAP device contacts only the RADIUS server or servers of the address type you select
in this field.
•Global RADIUS—This field is available if the Verification Mode is RADIUS. By
default, the CP instance uses the global RADIUS settings that you define for the WAP
device (see RADIUS Server). However, you can configure each instance to use a
different set of RADIUS servers. To use the global RADIUS server settings, ensure that
the check box is selected. To use a separate RADIUS server for the CP instance,
uncheck the check box and enter values in the Server IP Address and Key fields that
follow.
•RADIUS Accounting—Enables tracking and measuring the resources a particular user
has consumed, such as system time and amount of data transmitted and received. If you
enable RADIUS accounting, it is enabled for the primary RADIUS server, all backup
servers, and globally or locally configured servers.
•Server IP Address 1 or Server IPv6 Address 1—The address for the primary RADIUS
server for this CP instance. When the first wireless client tries to authenticate with the
WAP device, the WAP device sends an authentication request to the primary server. If
the primary server responds to the authentication request, the WAP device continues to
use this RADIUS server as the primary server, and authentication requests are sent to
the address you specify. The IPv4 address should be in a form similar to
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (192.0.2.10). The IPv6 address should be in a form similar to
xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx (2001:DB8::CAD5:7D91).
•Server IP Address 2 to 4 or Server IPv6 Address 2 to 4—Up to three IPv4 or IPv6
backup RADIUS server addresses. If authentication fails with the primary server, each
configured backup server is tried in sequence.
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•Key 1—The shared secret key that the WAP device uses to authenticate to the primary
RADIUS server. You can use up to 63 standard alphanumeric and special characters.
The key is case sensitive and must match the key configured on the RADIUS server.
The text you enter is shown as asterisks.
•Key 2 to Key 4—The RADIUS key associated with the configured backup RADIUS
servers. The server at Server IP (IPv6) Address 2 uses Key 2, the server at Server IP
(IPv6) Address 3 uses Key 3, and so on.
•Locale Count—The number of locales associated with the instance. You can create and
assign up to three different locales to each CP instance from the Web Customization
page.
•Delete Instance—Deletes the current instance.
STEP 6 Click Save. Your changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Instance Association
Once you create an instance, you can use the Instance Association page to associate a CP
instance to a VAP. The associated CP instance settings applies to users who attempt to
authenticate on the VAP.
To associate an instance to a VAP:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Instance Association in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select the radio interface on which you want to configure an instance association.
STEP 3 Select the instance name for each VAP you want to associate an instance to.
STEP 4 Click Save. Your change are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Captive Portal
Web Portal Customization
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Web Portal Customization
Once your CP instance is associated with a VAP, you need to create a locale (an authentication
web page) and map it to the CP instance. When a user accesses a VAP that is associated with a
captive portal instance, the user sees an authentication page. You use the Web Portal
Customization page to create unique pages for different locales on your network, and to
customize the text and images on the pages.
To create and customize a CP authentication page:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Web Portal Customization in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Select Create from the Captive Portal Web Locale list.
You can create up to three different authentication pages with different locales on your
network.
STEP 3 Enter a Web Locale Name to assign to the page. The name can include from 1 to 32
alphanumeric characters and the underscore.
STEP 4 From the Captive Portal Instances list, select the CP instance that this locale is associated with.
You can associate multiple locales with an instance. When a user attempts to access a
particular VAP that is associated with a CP instance, the locales that are associated with that
instance show as links on the authentication page. The user can select a link to switch to that
locale.
STEP 5 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 6 From the Captive Portal Web Locale list, select the locale you created.
The page shows additional fields for modifying the locale. The Locale ID and Instance Name
fields cannot be edited. The editable fields are populated with default values.
STEP 7 Configure the parameters:
•Background Image Name—The image to show as the page background. You can click
Upload/Delete Custom Image to upload images for Captive Portal instances. See
Uploading and Deleting Images.
•Logo Image Name—The image file to show on the top left corner of the page. This
image is used for branding purposes, such as the company logo. If you uploaded a
custom logo image to the WAP device, you can select it from the list.
•Foreground color—The HTML code for the foreground color in 6-digit hexadecimal
format. The range is from 1 to 32 characters. The default is #999999.
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Web Portal Customization
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•Background color—The HTML code for the background color in 6-digit hexadecimal
format. The range is from 1 to 32 characters. The default is #BFBFBF.
•Separator—The HTML code for the color of the thick horizontal line that separates the
page header from the page body, in 6-digit hexadecimal format. The range is from 1 to
32 characters. The default is #BFBFBF.
•Locale Label—A descriptive label for the locale, from 1 to 32 characters. The Locale
Label must be the Description and the Locale must be the Subtag from the IANA
Language Subtag Registry. For example, the following entry in the registry should have
Locale Label as 'German' and Locale as 'de':
-Type: language
-Subtag: de
-Description: German
-Added: 2005-10-16
-Suppress-Script Latn
The default locale is English.
•Locale—An abbreviation for the locale, from 1 to 32 characters. The default is en.
•Account Image—The image file to show above the login field to depict an authenticated
login.
•Account Label—The text that instructs the user to enter a user name. The range is from
1 to 32 characters.
•User Label—The label for the user name text box. The range is from 1 to 32 characters.
•Password Label—The label for the user password text box. The range is from 1 to 64
characters.
•Button Label—The label on the button that users click to submit their user name/
password for authentication. The range is from 2 to 32 characters. The default is
Connect.
•Fonts—The name of the font to use for all text on the CP page. You can enter multiple
font names, each separated by a comma. If the first font is not available on the client
system, the next font is used, and so on. For font names that have spaces, surround the
entire name in quotes. The range is from 1 to 512 characters. The default is MS UI
Gothic, Arial, sans-serif.
•Browser Title—The text to show in the browser title bar. The range is from 1 to 128
characters. The default is Captive Portal.
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Web Portal Customization
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•Browser Content—The text that shows in the page header, to the right of the logo. The
range is from 1 to 128 characters. The default is Welcome to the Wireless Network.
•Content—The instructive text that shows in the page body below the user name and
password text boxes. The range is from 1 to 256 characters. The default is To start using
this service, enter your credentials and click the connect button.
•Acceptance Use Policy—The text that appears in the Acceptance Use Policy box. The
range is from 1 to 4096 characters. The default is Acceptance Use Policy.
•Accept Label—The text that instructs users to select the check box to acknowledge
reading and accepting the Acceptance Use Policy. The range is from 1 to 128 characters.
The default is Check here to indicate that you have read and accepted the Acceptance
Use Policy.
•No Accept Text—The text that shows in a pop-up window when a user submits login
credentials without selecting the Acceptance Use Policy check box. The range is from
1 to 128 characters. The default is Error: You must acknowledge the Acceptance Use
Policy before connecting!
•Work In Progress Text—The text that shows during authentication. The range is from 1
to 128 characters. The default is Connecting, please be patient....
•Denied Text—The text that shows when a user fails authentication. The range is from 1
to 128 characters. The default is Error Invalid Credentials, please try again!
•Welcome Title—The text that shows when the client has authenticated to the VAP. The
range is from 1 to 128 characters. The default is Congratulations!
•Welcome Content—The text that shows when the client has connected to the network.
The range is from 1 to 256 characters. The default is You are now authorized and
connected to the network.
•Delete Locale—Deletes the current locale.
STEP 8 Click Save. Your changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
STEP 9 Click Preview to view the updated page.
NOTE You can click Preview to show the text and images that have already been saved to the Startup
Configuration. If you make a change, click Save before clicking Preview to see your changes.
Uploading and Deleting Images
When users initiate access to a VAP that is associated with a captive portal instance, an
authentication page appears. You can customize the authentication page with your own logo or
other images.
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Web Portal Customization
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Up to 18 images can be uploaded (assuming six locales, with each locale having three images).
All images must be 5 kilobytes or smaller and must be in GIF or JPG format.
Images are resized to fit the specified dimensions. For best results, your logo and account
images should be similar in proportion to the default images, as follows:
To upload binary graphic files to the WAP device:
STEP 1 On the Web Portal Customization page, click Upload/Delete Custom Image next to the
Background Image Name, Logo Image Name, or Account Image fields.
The Web Portal Custom Image page appears.
STEP 2 Browse to select the image.
STEP 3 Click Upload.
STEP 4 Click Back to return to the Web Portal Custom Image page.
STEP 5 Select the Captive Portal Web Locale you want to configure.
STEP 6 For the Background Image Name, Logo Image Name, or Account Image fields, select the
newly uploaded image.
STEP 7 Click Save.
NOTE To delete an image, on the Web Portal Custom Image page, select it from the Delete Web
Customization Image list and click Delete. You cannot delete the default images.
Image Type Use Default Width by
Height
Background Shows as the page background. 10 by 800 pixels
Logo Shows at top left of page to provide branding
information.
168 by 78 pixels
Account Shows above the login field to depict an
authenticated login.
295 by 55 pixels
Captive Portal
Captive Portal Global Configuration
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Captive Portal Global Configuration
You can use the Global CP Configuration page to control the administrative state of the CP
feature and configure global settings that affect all captive portal instances configured on the
WAP device.
To configure CP Global settings:
STEP 1 Select Captive Portal > Global Configuration in the navigation pane.
STEP 2 Configure the parameters:
•Captive Portal Mode—Enables CP operation on the WAP device.
•Authentication Timeout—To access the network through a portal, the client must first
enter authentication information on an authentication web page. This field specifies the
number of seconds the WAP device keeps an authentication session open with the
associated wireless client. If the client fails to enter authentication credentials within the
timeout period allowed, the client may need to refresh the web authentication page. The
default authentication timeout is 300 seconds. The range is from 60 to 600 seconds.
•Additional HTTP Port—HTTP traffic uses the HTTP management port, which is 80 by
default. You can configure an additional port for HTTP traffic. Enter a port number
between 1025 and 65535, or 80. The HTTP and HTTPs ports cannot be the same.
•Additional HTTPS Port—HTTP traffic over SSL (HTTPS) uses the HTTPS
management port, which is 443 by default. You can configure an additional port for
HTTPS traffic. Enter port number between 1025 and 65535, or 443. The HTTP and
HTTPs ports cannot be the same.
The Captive Portal Configuration Counters area shows read-only CP information:
•Instance Count—The number of CP instances currently configured on the WAP device.
Up to two instances can be configured.
•Group Count—The number of CP groups currently configured on the WAP device. Up
to two groups can be configured. Default Group exists by default and cannot be deleted.
•User Count—The number of CP users currently configured on the WAP device. Up to
128 users can be configured.
STEP 3 Click Save. The changes are saved to the Startup Configuration.
Captive Portal
Authenticated Clients
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Authenticated Clients
The Authenticated Clients page provides information about clients that have authenticated on
any Captive Portal instance.
To view the list of authenticated clients, select Captive Portal > Authenticated Clients in the
navigation pane.
•MAC Address—The MAC address of the client.
•IP Address—The IPv4 or IPv6 address of the client.
•User Name—The Captive Portal user name of the client.
•Protocol—The protocol the user used to establish the connection (HTTP or HTTPS).
•Verification—The method used to authenticate the user on the Captive Portal, which
can be one of these values:
-Guest—The user does not need to be authenticated by a database.
-Local—The WAP device uses a local database to authenticated users.
-RADIUS—The WAP device uses a database on a remote RADIUS server to
authenticate users.
•VAP ID—The VAP that the user is associated with.
•Radio ID—The ID of the radio. For the dual radio WAP371 device, this field shows
Radio 1 or Radio 2.
•Captive Portal ID—The ID of the Captive Portal instance to which the user is
associated.
•Session Timeout—The time remaining, in seconds, for the CP session to be valid.
After the time reaches zero, the client is deauthenticated.
•Away Timeout—The time remaining, in seconds, for the client entry to be valid. The
timer starts when the client dissociates from the CP. After the time reaches zero, the
client is deauthenticated.
•Received Packets—The number of IP packets received by the WAP device from the
user station.
•Transmitted Packets—The number of IP packets transmitted from the WAP device to
the user station.
Captive Portal
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•Received Bytes—The number of bytes received by the WAP device from the user
station.
•Transmitted Bytes—The number of bytes transmitted from the WAP device to the user
station.
You can click Refresh to show the latest data from the WAP device.
Failed Authentication Clients
The Failed Authenticated Clients page lists information about clients that attempted to
authenticate on a Captive Portal and failed.
To view a list of clients who failed authentication, select Captive Portal > Failed
Authentication Clients in the navigation pane.
•MAC Address—The MAC address of the client.
•IP Address—The IPv4 or IPv6 address of the client.
•User Name—The Captive Portal user name of the client.
•Verification—The method the client attempted to use to authenticate on the Captive
Portal, which can be one of these values:
-Guest—The user does not need to be authenticated by a database.
-Local—The WAP device uses a local database to authenticated users.
-RADIUS—The WAP device uses a database on a remote RADIUS server to
authenticate users.
•VAP ID—The VAP that the user is associated with.
•Radio ID—The ID of the radio. For the dual radio WAP371 device, this field shows
Radio 1 or Radio 2.
•Captive Portal ID—The ID of the Captive Portal instance to which the user is
associated.
•Failure Time—The time that the authentication failure occurred. A timestamp is
included that shows the time of the failure.
You can click Refresh to show the latest data from the WAP device.
10
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 142
Single Point Setup
This chapter describes how to configure Single Point Setup over multiple WAP devices.
It includes these topics:
• Single Point Setup Overview
• Access Points
• Sessions
• Channel Management
• Wireless Neighborhood
Single Point Setup Overview
Single Point Setup provides a centralized method to administer and control wireless services
across multiple devices. You use Single Point Setup to create a single group, or cluster, of
wireless devices. After the WAP devices are clustered, you can view, deploy, configure, and
secure the wireless network as a single entity. After a wireless cluster is created, Single Point
Setup also facilitates channel planning across your wireless services to reduce radio
interference and maximize bandwidth on the wireless network.
When you first set up your WAP device, you can use the Setup Wizard to configure Single
Point Setup or join an existing Single Point Setup. If you prefer not to use the Setup Wizard,
you can use the web-based configuration utility.
Managing Single Point Setup Across Access Points
Single Point Setup creates a dynamic, configuration-aware cluster, or group, of WAP devices
in the same subnet of a network. A cluster supports a group of up to 16 configured WAP371
devices, but no other non-WAP371 models in the same cluster.
Single Point Setup
Single Point Setup Overview
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Single Point Setup allows the management of more than one cluster in the same subnet or
network; however, they are managed as single independent entities. The table below shows
Single Point Setup wireless service limits.
A cluster can propagate configuration information, such as VAP settings, QoS queue
parameters, and radio parameters. When you configure Single Point Setup on a device,
settings from that device (whether they are manually set or set by default) are propagated to
other devices as they join the cluster. To form a cluster, make sure the following prerequisites
or conditions are met:
STEP 1 Plan your Single Point Setup cluster. Be sure the two or more WAP devices you want to cluster
are compatible with each other. For example, Cisco WAP371 devices can only cluster with
other Cisco WAP371 devices.
NOTE It is strongly recommended to run the latest firmware version on all clustered
WAP devices. Firmware upgrades are not propagated to all WAP devices in a cluster;
you must upgrade each device independently.
STEP 2 Set up the WAP devices that will be clustered on the same IP subnet and verify that they are
interconnected and accessible across the switched LAN network.
STEP 3 Enable Single Point Setup on all WAP devices. See Access Points.
STEP 4 Verify that the WAP devices all reference the same Single Point Setup name. See Access
Points.
Single Point Setup Negotiation
When a AP is enabled and configured for Single Point Setup, it begins sending periodic
advertisements every 10 seconds to announce its presence. If there are other WAP devices that
match the criteria for the cluster, arbitration begins to determine which WAP device will
distribute the master configuration to the rest of the members of the cluster.
The following rules apply to Single Point Setup cluster formation and arbitration:
•For existing Single Point Setup clusters, whenever the administrator updates the
configuration of any member of the cluster, the configuration change is propagated to
Group/Cluster Type WAP Devices per
Single Point Setup
Number of Active
Clients per Single
Point Setup
Maximum Number
of Clients (Active
and Idle)
WAP371 16 960 for the WAP371
with a dual radio
2048 for the
WAP371 with a dual
radio
Single Point Setup
Single Point Setup Overview
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all members of the cluster, and the configured WAP device assumes control of the
cluster.
•When two separate Single Point Setup clusters join into a single cluster, then the latest
modified cluster wins arbitration of the configuration and overwrites and updates the
configuration of all clustered WAP devices.
•If a WAP device in a cluster does not receive advertisements from a WAP device for
more than 60 seconds (for example, if the device loses connectivity to other devices in
the cluster), the device is removed from the cluster.
•If a WAP device in Single Point Setup mode loses connectivity, it is not immediately
dropped from the cluster. If it regains connectivity and rejoins the cluster without
having been dropped, and configuration changes were made to that device during the
lost connectivity period, the changes are propagated to the other cluster members when
connectivity resumes.
•If a WAP device in a cluster loses connectivity, is dropped, later rejoins the cluster, and
configuration changes were made in the during the lost connectivity period, the
changes are propagated to the device when it rejoins. If there are configuration changes
in both the disconnected device and the cluster, then the device with the greatest
number of changes and, secondarily, the most recent change, will be selected to
propagate its configuration to the cluster. (That is, if WAP1 has more changes, but
WAP2 has the most recent change, WAP1 is selected. If they have an equal number of
changes, but WAP2 has the most recent change, then WAP2 is selected.)
Operation of a Device Dropped From a Single Point Setup
When a WAP device that was previously a member of a cluster becomes disconnected from
the cluster, the following guidelines apply:
•Loss of contact with the cluster prevents the WAP device from receiving the latest
operational configuration settings. The disconnection results in a halt to proper
seamless wireless service across the production network.
•The WAP device continues to function with the wireless parameters that it last received
from the cluster.
•Wireless clients associated with the non-clustered WAP device continue to associate
with the device with no interruption of the wireless connection. In other words, loss of
contact with the cluster does not necessarily prevent wireless clients associated with
that WAP device from continued access to network resources.
•If the loss of contact with the cluster is due to a physical or logical disconnect with the
LAN infrastructure, network services out to the wireless clients may be impacted
depending on the nature of the failure.
Single Point Setup
Single Point Setup Overview
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The tables summarize configurations that are shared and propagated among all clustered WAP
devices.
Configuration Parameters Propagated and Not Propagated to Single Point Setup Access
Points
Common Configuration Settings and Parameters that are Propagated in Single Point Setup
Captive Portal Password Complexity
Client QoS User Accounts
Email Alert QoS
HTTP/HTTPs Service (Except SSL Certificate
Configuration)
Radio Settings Including TSpec
Settings (Some exceptions)
Log Settings Rogue AP Detection
MAC Filtering Scheduler
Management Access Control SNMP General and SNMPv3
Networks WPA-PSK Complexity
Time Settings
Radio Configuration Settings and Parameters that are Propagated in Single Point Setup
Mode
Fragmentation Threshold
RTS Threshold
Rate Sets
Primary Channel
Protection
Fixed Multicast Rate
Broadcast or Multicast Rate Limiting
Channel Bandwidth
Single Point Setup
Access Points
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Access Points
The Access Points page allows you to enable or disable Single Point Setup on a WAP device,
view the cluster members, and configure the location and cluster name for a member. You can
also click the IP address of a member to configure and view data on that device.
Configuring the WAP Device for Single Point Setup
To configure the location and name of an individual Single Point Setup cluster member:
Short Guard Interval Supported
Radio Configuration Settings and Parameters that are Propagated in Single Point Setup
Radio Configuration Settings and Parameters that are Not Propagated in Single Point Setup
Channel
Beacon Interval
DTIM Period
Maximum Stations
Transmit Power
Other Configuration Settings and Parameters That Are Not Propagated in Single Point
Setup
Bandwidth Utilization Port Settings
Bonjour VLAN and IPv4
IPv6 Address WDS Bridge
IPv6 Tunnel WPS
Packet Capture WorkGroup Bridge
Single Point Setup
Access Points
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STEP 1 Select Single Point Setup > Access Points in the navigation pane.
Single Point Setup is disabled by default on the AP. When disabled, the Enable Single Point
Setup button is visible. If Single Point Setup is enabled, the Disable Single Point Setup button
is visible. You can edit Single Point Setup options only when Single Point Setup is disabled.
Icons on the right side of the page indicate whether Single Point Setup is enabled and, if it is,
the number of WAP devices that are currently joined in the cluster.
STEP 2 With Single Point Setup disabled, configure the following information for each individual
member of a Single Point Setup cluster.
•Location—Enter a description of where the access point is physically located, for
example, Reception. The location field is optional.
•Cluster Name—Enter the name of the cluster for the WAP device to join, for example
Reception_Cluster.
The cluster name is not sent to other WAP devices. You must configure the same name
on each device that is a member. The cluster name must be unique for each Single Point
Setup you configure on the network. The default is ciscosb-cluster.
•Clustering IP Version—Specify the IP version that the WAP devices in the cluster use
to communicate with other members of the cluster. The default is IPv4.
If you choose IPv6, Single Point Setup can use the link local address, autoconfigured
IPv6 global address, and statically configured IPv6 global address. Ensure that when
using IPv6, all the WAP devices in the cluster either use link-local addresses only or use
global addresses only.
Single Point Setup works only with devices using the same type of IP addressing. It does
not work with a group of WAP devices where some have IPv4 addresses and some have
IPv6 addresses.
STEP 3 Click Enable Single Point Setup.
Single Point Setup
Access Points
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The WAP device begins searching for other WAP devices in the subnet that are configured
with the same cluster name and IP version. A potential cluster member sends advertisements
every 10 seconds to announce its presence.
While searching for other cluster members, the status indicates that the configuration is being
applied. Refresh the page to see the new configuration.
If one or more WAP devices are already configured with the same cluster settings, the WAP
device joins the cluster and information on each member shows in a table.
STEP 4 Repeat these steps on additional WAP devices that you want to join the Single Point Setup.
Viewing Single Point Setup Information
When Single Point Setup is enabled, the AP automatically forms a cluster with other WAP
devices with the same configuration. On the Access Points page, the WAP devices detected are
listed in a table and the following information is shown:
•Location—Description of where the access point is physically located.
•MAC Address—Media Access Control (MAC) address of the access point. The address
is the MAC address for the bridge (br0), and is the address by which the WAP device is
known externally to other networks.
•IP Address—The IP address for the access point.
Note that the Single Point Setup status and the number of WAP devices are shown graphically
on the right side of the page.
Adding an Access Point to a Single Point Setup
To add a new access point that is currently in standalone mode into a Single Point Setup
cluster:
STEP 1 Go to the web-based configuration utility on the standalone access point.
STEP 2 Select Single Point Setup > Access Points in the navigation pane.
STEP 3 Set the Cluster name to the same name that is configured for the cluster members.
STEP 4 (Optional) In the Location field, enter a description of where the access point is physically
located, for example, Reception.
STEP 5 Click Enable Single Point Setup.
The access point automatically joins the Single Point Setup.
Single Point Setup
Sessions
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Removing an Access Point from a Single Point Setup
To remove an access point from the Single Point Setup cluster:
STEP 1 In the table showing the detected devices, click the IP address for the clustered WAP device
you want to remove.
The web-based configuration utility for that WAP device shows.
STEP 2 Select Single Point Setup > Access Points in the navigation pane.
STEP 3 Click Disable Single Point Setup.
The Single Point Setup status field for that access point will now show Disabled.
Navigating to Configuration Information for a Specific Device
All WAP devices in a Single Point Setup cluster reflect the same configuration (if the
configurable items can be propagated). It does not matter which WAP device you connect to
for administration—configuration changes on any WAP device in the cluster are propagated to
the other members.
There may be situations, however, when you want to view or manage information on a
particular WAP device. For example, you might want to check status information such as
client associations or events for an access point. In this case, you can click the IP address in the
table on the Access Points page to show the web-based configuration utility for the particular
access point.
Navigating to a Device Using its IP Address in a URL
You can also link to the web-based configuration utility of a specific WAP device by entering
the IP address for that access point as a URL directly into a web browser address bar in the
following form:
http://IPAddressOfAccessPoint (if using HTTP)
https://IPAddressofAccessPoint (if using HTTPS)
Sessions
The Sessions page shows information on WLAN clients that are associated with the WAP
devices in the Single Point Setup cluster. Each WLAN client is identified by its MAC address,
along with the device location where it is currently connected.
Single Point Setup
Sessions
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NOTE The Sessions page shows a maximum of 20 clients per radio on the clustered WAP devices. To
see all WLAN clients associated with a particular WAP device, view the Status > Associated
Clients page directly on that device.
To view a particular statistic for a WLAN client session, select an item from the Display list
and click Go. You can view information about idle time, data rate, and signal strength.
A session in this context is the period of time in which a user on a client device (station) with a
unique MAC address maintains a connection with the wireless network. The session begins
when the WLAN client logs on to the network, and the session ends when the WLAN client
either logs off intentionally or loses the connection for some other reason.
NOTE A session is not the same as an association, which describes a WLAN client connection to a
particular access point. A WLAN client association can shift from one clustered access point to
another within the same session.
To view sessions associated with the cluster, select Single Point Setup > Sessions in the
navigation pane.
The following data shows for each WLAN client session with a Single Point Setup.
•AP Location—The location of the access point.
The location is derived from the location specified on the Administration > System
Settings page.
•User MAC—The MAC address of the wireless client.
A MAC address is a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network.
•Idle—The amount of time this WLAN client has remained inactive.
A WLAN client is considered to be inactive when it is not receiving or transmitting data.
•Rate—The negotiated data rate. Actual transfer rates can vary depending on overhead.
The data transmission rate is measured in megabits per second (Mbps). The value
should fall within the range of the advertised rate set for the mode in use on the access
point. For example, 6 to 54 Mbps for 802.11a.
The reported rate is the speed of the last packet transmitted from the AP to the client.
This value can vary within the advertised rate set based on the signal quality between
the AP and client and the rate at which broadcast or multicast frames are sent. When the
AP sends a broadcast frame to a STA using the default rates, then the field will report 1
Mbit/sec for 2.4Ghz radios and 6 Mbit/sec for 5 Ghz radios. Clients that are idle are
most likely to report the low default rates.
Single Point Setup
Channel Management
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•Signal—The strength of the radio frequency (RF) signal the WLAN client receives from
the access point. The measure is known as Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI),
and is a value between 0 and 100.
•Receive Total—The number of total packets received by the WLAN client during the
current session.
•Transmit Total—The number of total packets transmitted to the WLAN client during
this session.
•Error Rate—The percentage of time frames are dropped during transmission on this
access point.
To sort the information shown in the tables by a particular indicator, click the column label you
want to sort by. For example, if you want to see the table rows ordered by signal strength, click
the Signal column label.
Channel Management
The Channel Management page shows the current and planned channel assignments for WAP
devices in a Single Point Setup cluster.
When channel management is enabled, the AP automatically assigns radio channels used by
WAP devices in a Single Point Setup cluster. Automatic channel assignment reduces mutual
interference (or interference with other WAP devices outside of its cluster) and maximizes Wi-
Fi bandwidth to help maintain efficient communication over the wireless network.
The automatic channel assignment feature is disabled by default. The state of channel
management (enabled or disabled) is propagated to the other devices in the Single Point Setup
cluster.
At a specified interval, the channel manager (that is, the device that provided the configuration
to the cluster) maps all clustered WAP devices to different channels and measures interference
levels of the cluster members. If significant channel interference is detected, the channel
manager automatically reassigns some or all of the devices to new channels per an efficiency
algorithm (or automated channel plan). If the channel manager determines that a change is
necessary, then the reassignment information is sent to all members of the cluster. A syslog
message is generated as well indicating the sender device and the new and old channel
assignments.
To configure and view the channel assignments for the Single Point Setup members:
Single Point Setup
Channel Management
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STEP 1 Select the Single Point Setup > Channel Management in the navigation pane.
From the Channel Management page, you can view channel assignments for all WAP devices
in the cluster and stop or start automatic channel management. You can also use the advanced
settings to modify the interference reduction potential that triggers channel reassignment,
change the schedule for automatic updates, and reconfigure the channel set used for
assignments.
STEP 2 To start automatic channel assignment, click Start.
Channel management overrides the default cluster behavior, which is to synchronize radio
channels of all WAP devices that are members of the cluster. When channel management is
enabled, the radio channel is not synchronized across the cluster to other devices.
When automatic channel assignment is enabled, the channel manager periodically maps radio
channels used by WAP devices in a Single Point Setup cluster and, if necessary, reassigns
channels to reduce interference with cluster members or with devices outside the cluster. The
channel policy for the radio is automatically set to static mode, and the Auto option is not
available for the Channel field on the Wireless > Radio page.
See Viewing Channel Assignments and Setting Locks for information on the current and
proposed channel assignments.
STEP 3 To stop automatic channel assignment, click Stop.
No channel usage maps or channel reassignments are made. Only manual updates affect the
channel assignment.
Viewing Channel Assignments and Setting Locks
When channel management is enabled, the page shows the Current Channel Assignations table
and the Proposed Channel Assignments table.
Current Channel Assignments Table
The Current Channel Assignments table shows a list of all WAP devices in the Single Point
Setup cluster by IP address.
The table provides the following details on the current channel assignments.
•Location—The physical location of the device.
•IP Address—The IP address for the access point.
•Wireless Radio—The MAC address of the radio.
Single Point Setup
Channel Management
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•Band—The band on which the access point is broadcasting.
•Channel—The radio channel on which this access point is currently broadcasting.
•Locked—Forces the access point to remain on the current channel.
•Status—Shows the status of the wireless radio in the device. (Some WAP devices may
have more than one wireless radio; each radio is displayed on a separate line in the
table.) The radio status is up (operational) or down (not operational).
When selected for an access point, automated channel management plans do not reassign the
WAP devices to a different channel as a part of the optimization strategy. Instead, WAP
devices with locked channels are factored in as requirements for the plan.
Click Save to update the locked setting. Locked devices show the same channel for the Current
Channel Assignments table and the Proposed Channel Assignments table. Locked devices
keep their current channels.
Proposed Channel Assignments Table
The Proposed Channel Assignments table shows the proposed channels that are to be assigned
to each WAP device when the next update occurs. Locked channels are not reassigned—the
optimization of channel distribution among devices takes into account that locked devices
must remain on their current channels. WAP devices that are not locked may be assigned to
different channels than they were previously using, depending on the results of the plan.
For each WAP device in the Single Point Setup, the Proposed Channel Assignments table
shows the location, IP Address, and Wireless Radio, as in the Current Channel Assignations
table. It also shows the Proposed Channel, which is the radio channel to which this WAP
device would be reassigned if the channel plan is applied.
Configuring Advanced Settings
The Advanced settings area enables you to customize and schedule the channel plan for the
Single Point Setup.
By default, channels are automatically reassigned once every hour, but only if interference can
be reduced by 25 percent or more. Channels are reassigned even if the network is busy. The
default settings are designed to satisfy most scenarios where you would need to implement
channel management.
You can change the Advanced settings to configure the following settings:
•Change channels if interference is reduced by at least—The minimum percentage of
interference reduction a proposed plan must achieve in order to be applied. The default
is 75 percent. Use the drop-down menu to choose percentages ranging from 5 percent
to 75 percent. Using this setting lets you set a threshold gain in efficiency for channel
Single Point Setup
Wireless Neighborhood
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reassignment so that the network is not continually disrupted for minimal gains in
efficiency.
For example, if channel interference must be reduced by 75 percent and the proposed
channel assignments will only reduce interference by 30 percent, then channels will
not be reassigned. However, if you reset the minimal channel interference benefit to 25
percent and click Save, the proposed channel plan will be implemented and channels
will be reassigned as needed.
•Determine if there is better set of channels every—The schedule for automated
updates. A range of intervals is provided, from 30 minutes to six months
The default is one hour, meaning that channel usage is reassessed and the resulting
channel plan is applied every hour.
If you change these settings, click Save. The changes are saved to the active configuration and
the Startup Configuration.
Wireless Neighborhood
The Wireless Neighborhood page shows up to 20 devices per radio within range of each
wireless radio in the cluster. (For example, if a WAP device has two wireless radios, 40
devices would be displayed for that device.) The Wireless Neighborhood page also
distinguishes between cluster members and nonmembers.
The Wireless Neighborhood view can help you:
•Detect and locate unexpected (or rogue) devices in a wireless domain so that you can
take action to limit associated risks.
•Verify coverage expectations. By assessing which WAP devices are visible and at what
signal strength from other devices, you can verify that the deployment meets your
planning goals.
•Detect faults. Unexpected changes in the coverage pattern are evident at a glance in the
color coded table.
To view neighboring devices, select Single Point Setup > Wireless Neighborhood in the
navigation pane. To see all the devices detected on a given Single Point Setup, navigate to the
web interface of a member and select Wireless > Rogue AP Detection in the navigation pane.
For each neighbor access point, the following information is shown:
•Display Neighboring APs—Select one of the following radio buttons to change the
view:
Single Point Setup
Wireless Neighborhood
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-In cluster—Only neighbor WAP devices that are members of the cluster.
-Not in cluster—Only neighbor WAP devices that are not cluster members.
-Both—Shows all neighbor WAP devices (cluster members and nonmembers).
NOTE For a detected AP that is also a cluster member, only the SSIDs of the default
VAP (VAP0) display as In cluster. Non-default VAPs on the AP display as Not in cluster.
•Cluster—The list at the top of the table shows IP addresses for all WAP devices that
are clustered together. (This list is the same as the members list on the Single Point
Setup > Access Points page.)
If there is only one WAP device in the cluster, only a single IP address column shows,
indicating that the WAP device is grouped with itself.
You can click on an IP address to view more details on a particular WAP device.
•Neighbors—Devices that are neighbors of one or more of the clustered devices are
listed in the left column by SSID (network name).
A device that is detected as neighbor can also be a cluster member itself. Neighbors who are
also cluster members are always shown at the top of the list with a heavy bar above and
include a location indicator.
The colored bars to the right of each WAP device in the Neighbors list shows the signal
strength for each of the neighbor WAP devices, as detected by the cluster member whose IP
address is shown at the top of the column.
The color of the bar indicates the signal strength:
•Dark Blue Bar—A dark blue bar and a high signal strength number (for example 50)
indicates good signal strength detected from the neighbor, as seen by the device whose
IP address is listed above that column.
•Lighter Blue Bar—A lighter blue bar and a lower signal strength number (for example
20 or lower) indicates medium or weak signal strength from the neighbor, as seen by
the device whose IP address is listed above that column
•White Bar—A white bar and the number 0 indicates that a neighboring device that was
detected by one of the cluster members cannot be detected by the device whose IP
address is listed above that column.
•Light Gray Bar—A light gray bar and no signal strength number indicates that no
signal has been detected from the neighbor, but the neighbor may have been detected
by other members of the cluster.
Single Point Setup
Wireless Neighborhood
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•Dark Gray Bar—A dark gray bar and no signal strength number indicates the WAP
device itself that corresponds to the IP address listed above it. A signal strength of zero
is displayed because the device’s own signal strength is not measured.
Viewing Details for a Single Point Setup Member
To view details on a cluster member, click the IP address of a member at the top of the page.
The following details for the device appear below the Neighbors list.
•SSID—The Service Set Identifier for the neighboring access point.
•MAC Address—The MAC address of the neighboring access point.
•Channel—The channel on which the access point is currently broadcasting.
•Rate—The rate in megabits per second at which this access point is currently
transmitting. The current rate is always one of the rates shown in Supported Rates.
•Signal—The strength of the radio signal detected from the access point, measured in
decibels (dB).
•Beacon Interval—The beacon interval used by the access point.
•Beacon Age—The date and time of the last beacon received from this access point.
Single Point Setup
Wireless Neighborhood
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10
A
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 158
Deauthentication Message Reason Codes
When a client deauthenticates from the WAP device, a message is sent to the system log. The
message includes a reason code that may be helpful in determining why a client was
deauthenticated. You can view log messages when you click Status and Statistics > Log.
For more information see:
• Deauthentication Reason Code Table
Deauthentication Reason Code Table
The following table describes the deauthentication reason codes.
Reason code Meaning
0 Reserved
1 Unspecified reason
2 Previous authentication no longer valid
3 Deauthenticated because sending station (STA) is leaving or has left
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or ESS
4 Disassociated due to inactivity
5 Disassociated because WAP device is unable to handle all currently
associated STAs
6 Class 2 frame received from nonauthenticated STA
7 Class 3 frame received from nonassociated STA
8 Disassociated because sending STA is leaving or has left Basic Service
Set (BSS)
Deauthentication Message Reason Codes
Deauthentication Reason Code Table
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A
9 STA requesting (re)association is not authenticated with responding STA
10 Disassociated because the information in the Power Capability element is
unacceptable
11 Disassociated because the information in the Supported Channels
element is unacceptable
12 Disassociated due to BSS Transition Management
13 Invalid element, i.e., an element defined in this standard for which the
content does not meet the specifications in Clause 8
14 Message integrity code (MIC) failure
15 4-Way Handshake timeout
16 Group Key Handshake timeout
17 Element in 4-Way Handshake different from (Re)Association Request/
Probe Response/Beacon frame
18 Invalid group cipher
19 Invalid pairwise cipher
20 Invalid AKMP
21 Unsupported RSNE version
22 Invalid RSNE capabilities
23 IEEE 802.1X authentication failed
24 Cipher suite rejected because of the security policy
Reason code Meaning
B
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 160
Where to Go From Here
Cisco provides a wide range of resources to help you and your customer obtain the full
benefits of the WAP371.
Support
Cisco Small Business
Support Community
www.cisco.com/go/smallbizsupport
Small Business Support
Center (SBSC) Phone
Support Contacts
www.cisco.com/go/sbsc
Cisco Small Business
Support and Resources
www.cisco.com/go/smallbizhelp
Small Business Support
Service Information
www.cisco.com/go/sbs
www.cisco.com/go/software (registration/login required).
Cisco Small Business
Firmware Downloads
www.cisco.com/go/smallbizfirmware
Select a link to download firmware for Cisco Small
Business Products. No login is required.
Software and firmware downloads for all other Cisco
Small Business products, are available in the Download
Area on Cisco.com at www.cisco.com/go/software
(registration/login required).
Cisco Small Business Open
Source Requests
www.cisco.com/go/smallbiz_opensource_request
Where to Go From Here
Cisco Small Business WAP371 Wireless Access Point Administration Guide 161
B
Product Documentation
Cisco Small Business
WAP371 Wireless-N Access
Point Quick Start Guide and
Administration Guide
http://www.cisco.com/go/100_wap_resources or http://
www.cisco.com/go/300_wap_resources
Cisco Small Business
Cisco Partner Central for
Small Business (Partner
Login Required)
www.cisco.com/web/partners/sell/smb
Cisco Small Business Home www.cisco.com/smb
© 2014 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. OL-31792-01
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL:
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