VDOT173 71 107 2007Spec Book
User Manual: 71-107
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INTRODUCTION These Road and Bridge Specifications are standard for all contracts awarded by the Commonwealth Transportation Board or the Commissioner. The requirements stated herein may be revised or amended from time to time but only to the extent permitted under supplemental specifications, special provisions and special provision copied notes included in the specific contract. Reference by date and title will be made to these Specifications on plans and other contract documents as notification of their application to those documents. Copies of these Specifications may be obtained from the office of the Contract Engineer at 1401 E. Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219. Malcolm T. Kerley, P.E. Chief Engineer iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION I—GENERAL PROVISIONS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 1 SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS얄 얄 얄 101.01—Abbreviations and Acronyms얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 101.02—Terms얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 3 3 4 SECTION 102—BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.01—Prequalification of Bidders얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.02—Content of Proposal얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.03—Interpretation of Quantities in Proposal 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.04—Examination of Site of Work and Proposal얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.05—Preparation of Bid 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.06—Irregular Bids 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.07—Proposal Guaranty 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.08—Disqualification of Bidder 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.09—Submission of Bid얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.10—Withdrawal of Bid 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.11—eVA Business-To-Government Vendor Registration얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 102.12—Public Opening of Bids얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 15 15 16 16 17 18 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 SECTION 103—AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.01—Consideration of Bids 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.02—Award of Contract얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.03—Cancellation of Award 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.04—Forfeiture of Proposal Guaranty 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.05—Requirements of Contract Bond 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.06—Contract Documents 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.07—Failure to Furnish Bonds or Certificate of Insurance 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.08—Contract Audit얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 103.09—Execution of Contract얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 26 26 27 SECTION 104—SCOPE OF WORK얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 104.01—Intent of Contract얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 104.02—Alteration of Quantities or Character of Work얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 104.03—Differing Site Conditions얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 27 27 28 30 SECTION 105—CONTROL OF WORK얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.01—Notice to Proceed 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.02—Pre-Construction Conference 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.03—Authorities of Project Personnel 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.04—Gratuities 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.05—Character of Workers, Work Methods, and Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.06—Subcontracting 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.07—Cooperation of Contractor 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.08—Cooperation with Regard to Utilities 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.09—Cooperation among Contractors 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.10—Plans and Working Drawings 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.11—Conformity with Plans and Specifications 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 31 31 31 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 37 40 v 105.12—Coordination of Plans, Standard Drawings, Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, and Special Provision Copied Notes 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.13—State Force Construction Surveying얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.14—Maintenance During Construction 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.15—Removing and Disposing of Structures and Obstructions얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.16—Cleanup 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.17—Inspection of Work 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.18—Removal of Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105.19—Submission and Disposition of Claims 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 40 41 47 51 51 52 52 53 SECTION 106—CONTROL OF MATERIAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.01—Source of Supply and Quality Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.02—Material Delivery얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.03—Local Material Sources (Pits and Quarries)얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.04—Disposal Areas얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.05—Rights for and Use of Materials Found on Project얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.06—Samples, Tests, and Cited Specifications얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.07—Plant Inspection얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.08—Storing Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.09—Handling Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.10—Unacceptable Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.11—Material Furnished by the Department얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 106.12—Critical Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 55 55 56 56 59 61 61 62 63 63 63 64 64 SECTION 107—LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 64 107.01—Laws To Be Observed얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 64 107.02—Permits, Certificates, and Licenses얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 65 107.03—Federal-Aid Provisions 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 68 107.04—Furnishing Right of Way 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 68 107.05—Patented Devices, Materials, and Processes 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 69 107.06—Personal Liability of Public Officials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 69 107.07—No Waiver of Legal Rights 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 69 107.08—Protecting and Restoring Property and Landscape 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 69 107.09—Contractor’s Responsibility for Utility Property and Services 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 70 107.10—Restoration of Work Performed by Others 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 71 107.11—Use of Explosives 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 71 107.12—Responsibility for Damage Claims얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 71 107.13—Labor and Wages얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 73 107.14—Equal Employment Opportunity 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 73 107.15—Use of Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 78 107.16—Environmental Stipulations 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 81 107.17—Construction Safety and Health Standards 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 87 107.18—Sanitary Provisions 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 88 107.19—Railway-Highway Provisions 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 89 107.20—Construction Over or Adjacent to Navigable Waters얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 99 107.21—Size and Weight Limitations얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 100 SECTION 108—PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS OF WORK얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.01—Prosecution of Work 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.02—Limitation of Operations 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.03—Progress Schedule General Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 vi 101 101 102 102 108.04—Determination and Extension of Contract Time Limit 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.05—Suspension of Work Ordered by the Engineer얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.06—Failure To Complete on Time 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.07—Default of Contract 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.08—Termination of Contract 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.09—Acceptance 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 108.10—Termination of Contractor’s Responsibilities얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 105 106 106 107 108 109 110 SECTION 109—MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.01—Measurement of Quantities얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.02—Plan Quantities얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.03—Scope of Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.04—Compensation for Altered Quantities얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.05—Extra and Force Account Work얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.06—Common Carrier Rates 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.07—Eliminated Items 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.08—Partial Payments 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.09—Payment for Material on Hand얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 109.10—Final Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 110 110 114 114 115 115 119 120 120 121 123 DIVISION II—MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 125 SECTION 200—GENERAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.02—Conformance with Specifications얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.03—General Sampling and Testing Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.04—Acceptance Procedures for Aggregates얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.05—Handling and Storing Aggregates얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200.06—Technician and Batcher Certification얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 127 127 127 127 128 129 129 SECTION 201—MINERAL FILLER얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 130 201.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 130 201.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 130 SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 202.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 202.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 202.03—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 130 130 130 130 SECTION 203—COARSE AGGREGATE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 203.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 203.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 203.03—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 133 133 133 133 SECTION 204—STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL, AND GABIONS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 204.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 204.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 136 136 136 SECTION 205—CRUSHER RUN AGGREGATE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 136 205.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 136 vii 205.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 205.03—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 136 137 SECTION 206—LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 206.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 206.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 137 137 138 SECTION 207—SELECT MATERIAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.03—Job-Mix Formula for Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.04—Mixing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.05—Acceptance of Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.06—Referee System for Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207.07—Payment Adjustment System for Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 138 138 138 140 140 140 141 141 SECTION 208—SUBBASE AND AGGREGATE BASE MATERIAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.03—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.04—Job-Mix Formula얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.05—Mixing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.06—Acceptance얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.07—Referee System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208.08—Payment Adjustment System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 142 142 142 142 144 144 144 145 145 SECTION 209—OPEN-GRADED SHOULDER MATERIAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 209.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 209.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 209.03—Mixing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 147 147 147 147 SECTION 210—ASPHALT MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 210.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 210.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 210.03—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 210.04—Payment Adjustment System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 147 147 148 148 148 SECTION 211—ASPHALT CONCRETE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.03—Job-Mix Formula얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.04—Asphalt Concrete Mixtures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.05—Testing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.06—Tests얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.07—Plant Inspection얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.08—Acceptance얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.09—Adjustment System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.10—Referee System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.11—Handling and Storing Aggregates얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.12—Asphalt Concrete Mixing Plant얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 211.13—Preparation of Mixture얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 149 149 149 153 158 159 160 161 161 163 164 165 165 168 viii 211.14—Storage System얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 169 211.15—Initial Production얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 169 SECTION 212—JOINT MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 212.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 212.02—Detail Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 169 169 170 SECTION 213—DAMP-PROOFING AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 177 213.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 177 213.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 177 SECTION 214—HYDRAULIC CEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 178 214.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 178 214.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 178 SECTION 215—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE ADMIXTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 215.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 215.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 215.03—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 179 179 179 179 SECTION 216—WATER FOR USE WITH CEMENT OR LIME얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 180 216.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 180 216.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 180 SECTION 217—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.03—Handling and Storing Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.04—Measurement of Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.05—Equipment. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.06—Classification of Concrete Mixtures. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.07—Proportioning Concrete Mixtures. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.08—Acceptance. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.09—Mixing. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 217.10—Placement Limitations. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 180 180 181 183 183 184 186 186 189 190 193 SECTION 218—HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR AND GROUT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 218.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 218.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 218.03—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 193 193 194 194 SECTION 219—RIGHT-OF-WAY MONUMENTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 194 219.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 194 219.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 195 SECTION 220—CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 195 220.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 195 220.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 195 SECTION 221—GUARDRAIL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 197 221.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 197 ix 221.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 197 SECTION 222—MASONRY UNITS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 198 222.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 198 222.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 198 SECTION 223—STEEL REINFORCEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 199 223.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 199 223.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 199 SECTION 224—CASTINGS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224.03—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 200 200 200 201 SECTION 225—STEEL FORGINGS AND STEEL SHAFTING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 225.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 225.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 SECTION 226—STRUCTURAL STEEL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 226.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 226.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 201 SECTION 227—STEEL GRID FLOORING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 227.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 227.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 227.03—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 205 205 206 206 SECTION 228—STEEL PILES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 206 228.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 206 228.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 206 SECTION 229—ALUMINUM ALLOY얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207 229.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207 229.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 207 SECTION 230—BRONZE AND COPPER ALLOY얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208 230.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208 230.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 208 SECTION 231—PAINT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 231.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 231.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 231.03—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 209 209 209 210 SECTION 232—PIPE AND PIPE ARCHES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 214 232.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 214 232.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 214 SECTION 233—GALVANIZING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 233.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 x 233.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 233.03—Repair of Galvanized Surfaces. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 SECTION 234—GLASS BEADS FOR REFLECTORIZING TRAFFIC MARKINGS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 234.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 234.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 221 SECTION 235—RETROREFLECTORS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 222 235.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 222 235.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 222 SECTION 236—WOOD PRODUCTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224 236.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224 236.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 224 SECTION 237—BEDDING MATERIAL AND BEARING PADS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 226 237.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 226 237.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 226 SECTION 238—ELECTRICAL AND SIGNAL COMPONENTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 229 238.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 229 238.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 230 SECTION 239—SODIUM CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 237 239.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 237 239.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 238 SECTION 240—LIME얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 238 240.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 238 240.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 238 SECTION 241—FLY ASH얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 241.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 241.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 SECTION 242—FENCES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 242.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 242.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 239 SECTION 243—EPOXY-RESIN SYSTEMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 243.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 243.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 243.03—Handling and Storing Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 243.04—Acceptance. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 244 244 244 247 247 SECTION 244—ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 244.01—Description.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 244.02—Detail Requirements.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248 248 248 SECTION 245—GEOSYNTHETICS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 245.01—Description.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 257 257 xi 245.02—Detail Requirements.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 245.03—Testing and Documentation.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 257 257 SECTION 246—PAVEMENT MARKING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 261 246.01—Description. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 261 246.02—Detail Requirements. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 261 SECTION 247—REFLECTIVE SHEETING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 247.01—Description.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 247.02—Detail Requirements.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 247.03—Warranty Requirements.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 271 271 271 275 SECTION 248—STONE MATRIX ASPHALT CONCRETE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248.01—Description.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248.02—Materials. 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248.03—Composition of SMA Mixture.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248.04—Acceptance.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 248.05—SMA Mixing Plant.얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 276 276 276 278 278 280 DIVISION III—ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 283 SECTION 301—CLEARING AND GRUBBING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 301.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 301.02—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 301.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 285 285 285 286 SECTION 302—DRAINAGE STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 302.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 302.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 302.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 302.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 286 286 287 287 297 SECTION 303—EARTHWORK얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.03—Erosion and Siltation Control 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.04—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.05—Tolerances 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 303.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 301 301 301 301 304 313 314 SECTION 304—CONSTRUCTING DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.03—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.04—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.05—Tolerances 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 304.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 321 321 321 321 321 322 323 SECTION 305—SUBGRADE AND SHOULDERS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 305.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 305.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 323 323 323 xii 305.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 305.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 323 326 SECTION 306—LIME STABILIZATION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 306.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 306.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 306.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 306.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 327 327 327 328 330 SECTION 307—HYDRAULIC CEMENT STABILIZATION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.03—Field Laboratory 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.04—Weather Limitations 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.05—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 307.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 331 331 331 331 331 331 335 SECTION 308—SUBBASE COURSE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 308.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 308.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 308.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 308.04—Tolerances 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 308.05—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 336 336 336 337 337 338 SECTION 309—AGGREGATE BASE COURSE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.03—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.04—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.05—Density Requirements 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 309.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 339 339 339 339 339 339 340 SECTION 310—TACK COAT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 310.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 310.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 310.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 310.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 341 341 341 341 342 SECTION 311—PRIME COAT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 311.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 311.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 311.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 311.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 342 342 343 343 344 SECTION 312—SEAL COAT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 312.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 312.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 312.03—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 312.04—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 312.05—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 344 344 344 344 345 346 xiii SECTION 313—ASPHALT-STABILIZED OPEN-GRADED MATERIAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.03—Proportioning얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.04—Acceptance얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.05—Placing limitations얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.06—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 313.07—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 346 346 346 347 347 347 348 349 SECTION 314—PENETRATION SURFACE COURSES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.03—Weather Limitations 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.04—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.05—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 314.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 349 349 349 349 349 350 352 SECTION 315—ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.03—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.04—Placement Limitations 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.05—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.06—Pavement Samples 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.07—Pavement Tolerances 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 315.08—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 352 352 352 353 353 354 363 363 365 SECTION 316—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.03—Equipment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.04—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.05—Thickness and Finished Grade Tolerances얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 316.06—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 366 366 366 367 368 378 379 SECTION 317— STONE MATRIX ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.03—Composition of SMA Mixture얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.04—Acceptance얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.05—SMA Mixing Plant얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.06—Weather Restrictions얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.07—Placing and Finishing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.08—Compaction얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.09—Trial Section얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.10—Prepaving Conference얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 317.11—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 380 380 380 380 381 381 381 381 381 382 383 383 xiv DIVISION IV—BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 385 SECTION 401—STRUCTURE EXCAVATION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 401.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 401.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 401.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 401.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 387 387 387 387 390 SECTION 402—SHEET PILES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 402.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 402.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 402.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 402.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 392 392 392 392 393 SECTION 403—BEARING PILES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.03—Pile Types얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.04—Determination of Pile Lengths 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.05—Order List 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.06—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.07—Determination of Bearing Capacities 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 403.08—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 393 393 393 393 398 398 398 403 407 SECTION 404—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE OPERATIONS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.04—Bridge Deck Construction얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.05—Expansion and Fixed Joints얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.06—Bridge Seat Bearing Areas얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.07—Finishing Concrete Surfaces얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 404.08—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 408 408 408 409 424 425 426 427 429 SECTION 405—PRESTRESSED CONCRETE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.03—Plant Review얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.04—Concrete Controls얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.05—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.06—Tolerances얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 405.07—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 430 430 430 431 431 432 438 440 SECTION 406—REINFORCING STEEL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 406.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 406.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 406.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 406.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 441 441 441 441 443 SECTION 407—STEEL STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 444 444 xv 407.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.03—Working Drawings얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.04—Fabrication Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.05—Handling, Storing, and Shipping Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.06—Erection Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 407.07—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 444 444 445 452 453 459 SECTION 408—BEARING DEVICES AND ANCHORS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 408.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 408.02—Materials and Fabrication얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 408.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 408.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 461 461 461 462 480 SECTION 409—STEEL GRID FLOORS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 409.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 409.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 409.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 409.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 480 480 480 480 481 SECTION 410—RAILINGS AND PARAPETS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 410.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 410.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 410.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 410.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 482 482 482 482 484 SECTION 411—PROTECTIVE COATING OF METAL IN STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.03—Certifications얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.04—General Surface Preparation and Application Standards얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.05—Existing Structures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.06—New Structures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.07—Galvanized Surfaces얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.08—Environmental Protection얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.09—Health and Safety얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 411.10—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 485 485 485 486 486 490 491 493 493 496 497 SECTION 412—WIDENING, REPAIRING, AND RECONSTRUCTING EXISTING STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 412.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 412.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 412.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 412.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 498 498 498 499 508 SECTION 413—DISMANTLING AND REMOVING EXISTING STRUCTURES OR REMOVING PORTIONS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 413.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 413.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 413.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 510 510 510 512 xvi SECTION 414—RIPRAP얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 414.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 414.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 414.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 414.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 512 512 512 513 517 SECTION 415—CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 415.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 415.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 415.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 415.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 518 518 518 518 519 SECTION 416—WATERPROOFING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 416.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 416.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 416.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 416.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520 520 520 520 525 SECTION 417—DAMP-PROOFING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 417.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 417.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 417.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 417.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 525 525 525 525 526 SECTION 418—TIMBER STRUCTURES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 418.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 418.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 418.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 418.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 526 526 526 527 530 SECTION 419—BRIDGE CONDUIT SYSTEMS AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 419.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 419.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 419.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 419.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 530 530 530 530 531 SECTION 420—PREFORMED ELASTOMERIC JOINT SEALER얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 420.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 420.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 420.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 420.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 531 531 531 531 532 SECTION 421—ELASTOMERIC EXPANSION DAMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 421.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 421.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 421.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 421.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 532 532 532 532 533 SECTION 422—NAVIGATION LIGHTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 422.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 422.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 533 533 534 xvii 422.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 422.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 534 534 DIVISION V—INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 535 SECTION 501—UNDERDRAINS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 501.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 501.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 501.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 501.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 537 537 537 537 538 SECTION 502—INCIDENTAL CONCRETE ITEMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 502.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 502.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 502.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 502.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 539 539 539 540 545 SECTION 503—Reserved for Future Use SECTION 504—SIDEWALKS, STEPS, AND HANDRAILS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 504.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 504.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 504.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 504.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 547 547 547 547 550 SECTION 505—GUARDRAIL AND STEEL MEDIAN BARRIERS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 505.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 505.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 505.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 505.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 551 551 551 551 553 SECTION 506—RETAINING WALLS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 506.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 506.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 506.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 506.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 555 555 555 555 557 SECTION 507—FENCES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 507.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 507.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 507.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 507.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 558 558 558 558 560 SECTION 508—DEMOLITION OF PAVEMENT AND OBSCURING ROADWAY얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 508.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 508.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 508.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 560 560 561 562 SECTION 509—PATCHING HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 562 509.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 562 509.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 563 xviii 509.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 509.04—Measurement and Payment 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 563 565 SECTION 510—RELOCATING OR MODIFYING EXISTING MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 510.01—Description 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 510.02—Materials 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 510.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 510.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 565 565 565 565 566 SECTION 511—ALLAYING DUST얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 511.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 511.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 511.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 566 566 566 567 SECTION 512—MAINTAINING TRAFFIC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 512.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 512.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 512.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 512.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 567 567 567 568 581 SECTION 513—MOBILIZATION얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 513.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 513.02—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 584 584 585 SECTION 514 – FIELD OFFICE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 514.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 514.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 514.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 585 585 586 590 SECTION 515—PLANING PAVEMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 515.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 515.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 515.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 590 590 590 591 SECTION 516—DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS AND CLEARING PARCELS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 516.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 516.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 516.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 591 591 592 593 SECTION 517—CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.02—General Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.03—Contractor Responsibility for Examination of Data얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.04—Construction (C) projects얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.05—Minimum Plan (M) projects얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 517.06—Measurement and payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 594 594 594 594 595 597 598 SECTION 518—TRAINEES ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 599 518.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 599 518.02—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 599 xix 518.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601 SECTION 519—SOUND BARRIER WALLS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 519.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 519.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 519.03—Procedures 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 519.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601 601 606 609 612 SECTION 520—WATER AND SANITARY SEWER FACILITIES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.04—Testing얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.05—Disinfecting Water Mains얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 520.06—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 613 613 614 614 620 623 623 SECTION 521—MAILBOX POST얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 521.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 521.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 521.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 521.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 626 626 626 626 626 DIVISION VI—ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 627 SECTION 601—SELECTIVE TREE REMOVAL, TRIMMING, AND CLEANUP얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 601.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 629 629 629 629 629 SECTION 602—TOPSOIL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 602.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 602.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 602.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 602.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 630 630 630 630 630 SECTION 603—SEEDING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 603.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 603.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 603.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 603.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 631 631 631 631 633 SECTION 604—SODDING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 604.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 604.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 604.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 604.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 633 633 634 634 635 SECTION 605—PLANTING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 635 635 635 xx 605.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.04—Care of Plants얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.05—Establishment Period 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.06—Guarantee얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 605.07—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 636 641 641 643 643 SECTION 606—SOIL RETENTION COVERINGS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 606.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 606.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 606.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 606.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 645 645 645 646 646 SECTION 607—HERBICIDE SPRAYING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 607.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 607.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 607.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 607.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 646 646 647 647 647 SECTION 608—MOWING얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 608.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 608.02—Equipment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 608.03—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 647 647 647 647 SECTION 609—TREE WELLS AND TREE WALLS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 609.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 609.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 609.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 609.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 648 648 648 648 648 SECTION 610—GABIONS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 610.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 610.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 610.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 610.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 649 649 649 649 650 DIVISION VII—TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 651 SECTION 700—GENERAL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700.03—Working Drawings얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700.04—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700.05—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 653 653 653 655 656 665 SECTION 701—TRAFFIC SIGNS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 701.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 701.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 701.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 701.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 667 667 667 667 672 xxi SECTION 702—DELINEATORS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 702.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 702.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 702.03—General Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 702.04—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 702.05—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 672 672 672 673 673 674 SECTION 703—TRAFFIC SIGNALS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 703.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 703.02—Equipment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 703.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 703.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 674 674 675 691 696 SECTION 704—PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND MARKERS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 704.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 704.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 704.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 704.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 698 698 698 698 704 SECTION 705—LIGHTING SYSTEMS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 705.01—Description얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 705.02—Materials얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 705.03—Procedures얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 705.04—Measurement and Payment얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 704 704 705 705 707 xxii LIST OF TABLES I–1–Schedule of Liquidated Damages얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 107 II–1—Fine Aggregate얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–2—Soundness얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–3—Sizes of Open-Graded Coarse Aggregates얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–4—Soundness얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–5—Abrasion얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–6—Design Range: Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–7—Process (P) and Range (R) Tolerance: Select Material, Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–8—Atterberg Limits: Select Material Type I얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–9—Design Range for Dense-Graded Aggregates얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–10—Process Tolerances for Each Laboratory Sieve (%)얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–11—Atterberg Limits얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–12—Standard Deviation얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–12A—Aggregate Properties얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–13—Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Design Range얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–14—Mix Design Criteria얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–14A—Recommended Performance Grade of Asphalt얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–15—Process Tolerance얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–16—Standard Deviation얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–17—Requirements for Hydraulic Cement Concrete얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–18—Reserved for Future Use II–19—Requirements: Component A얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–20—Reserved for Future Use II–21—Requirements: Mixed Epoxy Systems얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–22—Fine Aggregate (Silica Sand)얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–23—Cellulose Fiber Properties얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–24—SMA Design Range얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 II–25—SMA Mixture Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 245 247 278 279 279 III–1—Liquid Asphalt Application Temperature얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 III–2—Cold Weather Paving Limitations얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 III–3—Density Requirements얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 III–4—Payment Schedule for Lot Densities얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 III–5—Payment Schedule for Surface, Intermediate and Base Courses얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 341 356 359 361 362 IV–1—Pile Tolerance Criteria얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 IV–2—Reserved for Future Use IV–3—Bolt Tension얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 IV–4—Nut Rotation From Snug Tight Condition얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 IV–5—Reserved for Future Use IV–6—Coating Systems얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 402 VII–1—Pavement Markings얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 700 xxiii 131 132 134 135 135 138 139 140 142 143 143 146 151 154 155 158 162 164 188 244 455 456 489 xxv 102.08—Disqualification of Bidder 102.09—Delivery of Bid 102.10—Withdrawal of Bid 102.08—Disqualification of Bidder 102.09—Submission of Bid (New Section title) 102.10—Withdrawal of Bid 102.12—Public Opening of Bids (Continued) 102.14—Use of Debarred Suppliers (Deleted Section number and rolled Section into 102.05 in 2007 edition) 102.13—Material Guaranty (Deleted Section in 2007 edition) 102.11—Combination or Conditional Proposals (Rolled Section into 102.02 in 2007 edition) 102.12—Public Opening of Bids 102.07—Proposal Guaranty 102.07—Proposal Guaranty 102.11—eVA Business-to-Government Vendor Registration (New Section) 102.06—Irregular Bids 102.04—Examination of Site of Work and Proposal 102.04—Examination of Site of Work and Proposal 102.05—Preparation of Bid and 102.14—Use of Debarred Suppliers 102.03—Interpretation of Quantities in Proposal 102.03—Interpretation of Quantities in Proposal 102.06—Irregular Bids 102.02—Content of Proposal and 102.11—Combination or Conditional Proposals 102.02—Content of Proposal 102.05—Preparation of Bid 102.01—Prequalification of Bidders 102.01—Prequalification of Bidders SECTION 102—BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 101.02—Terms 101.02—Terms SECTION 102—BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 101.01—Abbreviations and Acronyms SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS 101.01—Abbreviations and Acronyms 2002 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS 2007 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE for SECTION NUMBERS and TITLES xxvi SECTION 103—AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS 103.05—Requirements of Contract Bond 103.06—Contract Documents 103.08—Failure To Furnish Bonds or Certificate of Insurance 103.04—Forfeiture of Proposal Guaranty (New Section title) 103.05—Requirements of Contract Bond 103.06—Contract Documents 103.07—Failure To Furnish Bonds or Certificate of Insurance 105.01—Authority of Engineer and 105.11 - Authority and Duties of Inspector 108.06—Gratuities 105.04—Gratuities 108.02—Notice to Proceed SECTION 105—CONTROL OF WORK 104.06—Cleanup (Section title moved to Section 105.16 for 2007 edition) 104.05—Removing and Disposing of Structures and Obstructions (Section title moved to Section 105.15 for 2007 edition) 105.03—Authorities of Project Personnel (New Section title) 105.02—Pre-Construction Conference (New Section) 105.01—Notice to Proceed SECTION 105—CONTROL OF WORK 104.03—Differing Site Conditions 104.03—Differing Site Conditions 104.04—Maintenance During Construction (Section title moved to Section 105.14 for 2007 edition) 104.02—Alteration of Quantities or Character of Work 104.02—Alteration of Quantities or Character of Work SECTION 104—SCOPE OF WORK 104.01—Intent of Contract 104.01—Intent of Contract SECTION 104—SCOPE OF WORK 103.09—Execution of Contract (New Section number & title) 103.07—Execution and Approval of Contract 103.04—Return of Proposal Guaranty 103.03—Cancellation of Award 103.08—Contract Audit (New Section) 103.02—Award of Contract 103.03—Cancellation of Award 103.02—Award of Contract 103.01—Consideration of Bids SECTION 103—AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS 103.01—Consideration of Bids 2002 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS 2007 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS xxvii 105.06—Cooperation of Contractor 105.07—Cooperation with Regard to Utilities 105.08—Cooperation among Contractors 105.02—Plans and Working Drawings 105.03—Conformity with Plans and Specifications 105.05—Coordination of Plans, Standard Drawings, Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, and Special Provision Copied Notes 105.10—Construction Stakes, Lines, and Grades 104.04—Maintenance During Construction and 107.07—Public Convenience and Safety and 107.10—Barricades and Warning Signs and 107.15—Opening Sections of Projects to Traffic 104.05—Removing and Disposing of Structures and Obstructions 104.06—Cleanup 105.12—Inspection of Work 105.13—Removal of Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work. 105.16—Submission and Disposition of Claims 105.07—Cooperation of Contractor 105.08—Cooperation with Regard to Utilities 105.09—Cooperation Among Contractors 105.10—Plans and Working Drawings 105.11—Conformity with Plans and Specifications 105.12—Coordination of Plans, Standard Drawings, Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, and Special Provision Copied Notes 105.13—State Force Construction Surveying 105.14—Maintenance During Construction 105.15—Removing and Disposing of Structures and Obstructions 105.16—Cleanup 105.17—Inspection of Work (New Section number) 105.18—Removal of Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work (New Section number) 105.19—Submission and Disposition of Claims (New Section number) 106.02—Material Inspection 106.03—Local Material Sources (Pits and Quarries) 106.04—Disposal Areas 106.02—Material Delivery (New Section title) 106.03—Local Material Sources (Pits and Quarries) 106.04—Disposal Areas SECTION 106—CONTROL OF MATERIAL 106.01—Source of Supply and Quality Requirements 106.01—Source of Supply and Quality Requirements SECTION 106—CONTROL OF MATERIAL 108.01—Subcontracting 105.06—Subcontracting (Continued) 105.04—Furnishing and Erecting Precast Structures(Rolled Part of Section into 302.03(b)—Precast Drainage Structures in 2007 edition) 108.07—Character of Workers, Work Methods, and Equipment 105.05—Character of Workers, Work Methods, and Equipment xxviii 106.09—Handling Materials 106.10—Unacceptable Materials 106.11—Material Furnished by the Department 108.04—Critical Materials 106.08—Storing Materials 106.09—Handling Materials 106.10—Unacceptable Materials 106.11—Material Furnished by the Department 106.12—Critical Materials(New Section number) 107.01—Laws To Be Observed 107.02—Permits, Certificates, and Licenses 107.05—Federal-Aid Provisions 107.18—Furnishing Right of Way 107.03—Patented Devices, Materials, and Processes 107.19—Personal Liability of Public Officials 107.20—No Waiver of Legal Rights 107.12—Protecting and Restoring Property and Landscape 107.17—Contractor’s Responsibility for Utility Property and Services 107.04—Restoration of Work Performed by Others 107.11—Use of Explosives 107.13—Responsibility for Damage Claims 110.02—Labor and Wages 107.01—Laws To Be Observed 107.02—Permits, Certificates, and Licenses 107.03—Federal-Aid Provisions 107.04—Furnishing Right of Way 107.05—Patented Devices, Materials, and Processes 107.06—Personal Liability of Public Officials 107.07—No Waiver of Legal Rights 107.08—Protecting and Restoring Property and Landscape 107.09—Contractor’s Responsibility for Utility Property and Services 107.10—Restoration of Work Performed by Others 107.11—Use of Explosives 107.12—Responsibility For Damage Claims 107.13—Labor and Wages SECTION 107—LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES 106.08—Storing Materials 106.07—Plant Inspection SECTION 107—LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC 106.06—Samples, Tests, and Cited Specifications 106.07—Plant Inspection 106.06—Samples, Tests, and Cited Specifications 106.05—Rights for and Use of Materials Found on Project 2002 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS 106.05—Rights for and Use of Materials Found on Project 2007 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS xxix 107.14—Environmental Stipulations 110.05—Construction Safety and Health Standards 107.06—Sanitary Provisions 107.08—Railway-Highway Provisions 107.09—Construction Over or Adjacent to Navigable Waters 105.14—Size and Weight Limitations 107.16—Environmental Stipulations 107.17—Construction Safety and Health Standards 107.18—Sanitary Provisions 107.19—Railway-Highway Provisions 107.20—Construction Over or Adjacent to Navigable Waters 107.21—Size and Weight Limitations (New Section number) 108.13—Default of Contract 108.14—Termination of Contract 108.07—Default of Contract 108.08—Termination of Contract (Continued) 108.12—Liquidated Damages (Deleted Section number and rolled Section into 108.06 in 2007 edition) 108.11—Failure To Complete on Time (Deleted Section in 2007 edition) 105.15—Acceptance and 107.16—Contractor’s Responsibility for Work 108.11—Failure To Complete on Time and 108.12—Liquidated Damages 108.06—Failure To Complete on Time 108.15—Termination of Contractor’s Responsibilities 108.10—Suspension of Work Ordered by the Engineer 108.05—Suspension of Work Ordered by the Engineer 108.09—Acceptance 108.09—Determination and Extension of Contract Time Limit 108.04—Determination and Extension of Contract Time Limit 108.10—Termination of Contractor’s Responsibilities 108.05—Limitation of Operations and 105.09—Holidays 108.08—Progress Schedule 108.02—Limitation of Operations 108.03—Progress Schedule 108.03—Prosecution of Work 108.01—Prosecution of Work SECTION 108—PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS OF WORK 110.04—Use of Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) 107.15—Use of Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) SECTION 108—PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS OF WORK 110.03—Equal Employment Opportunity and 110.06—Bulletin Boards and Posting Official Notices 107.14—Equal Employment Opportunity xxx 110.02—Labor and Wages (Deleted Section and rolled Section into 107.13 in 2007 edition) 110.01—Common Carrier Rates (Deleted Section and rolled Section into 109.06 in 2007 edition) SECTION 110—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS f& OTHER SECTIONS (Deleted Section in 2007 edition) 109.09—Final Payment 109.10—Final Payment MISCELLANEOUS SECTIONS 109.07—Partial Payments and 109.10—Payment 109.08—Payment for Material on Hand 109.06—Eliminated Items 109.07—Eliminated Items 109.08—Partial Payments 110.01—Common Carrier Rates 109.06—Common Carrier Rates 109.09—Payment for Material on Hand 109.04—Compensation for Altered Quantities 109.05—Extra and Force Account Work 109.05—Extra and Force Account Work 109.03—Scope of Payment 109.03—Scope of Payment 109.04—Compensation for Altered Quantities 109.01—Measurement of Quantities 109.02—Plan Quantities 109.02—Plan Quantities SECTION 109—MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 108.15—Termination of Contractor’s Responsibilities (Deleted Section number and rolled Section into 108.10 in 2007 edition) 108.14—Termination of Contract (Deleted Section number and rolled Section into 108.08 in 2007 edition) 108.13—Default of Contract (Deleted Section number and rolled Section into 108.07 in 2007 edition) 2002 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS 109.01—Measurement of Quantities SECTION 109—MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 2007 R&B Spec Book DIVISION I GENERAL PROVISIONS xxxi 110.07—Certification of Nonsegregated Facilities (Deleted Section in 2007 edition) 110.06—Bulletin Boards and Posting Official Notices (Deleted Section and rolled Section into 107.14 in 2007 edition) 110.05—Construction Safety and Health Standards (Deleted Section and rolled Section into 107.17 in 2007 edition) 110.03—Equal Employment Opportunity (Deleted Section and rolled Section into 107.14 in 2007 edition) 110.04—Use of Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs).(Deleted Section and rolled Section into 107.15 in 2007 edition) Division I GENERAL PROVISIONS 101.01 SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS 101.01—Abbreviations and Acronyms In these Specifications and other Contract Documents, the following abbreviations and acronyms shall be interpreted as follows: AAR얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Association of American Railroads AASHTO얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (an elastomer) AC 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Alternating current ACI 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Concrete Institute ADT얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Annual average daily traffic AED얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Associated Equipment Distributors AISC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Institute of Steel Construction AISI얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American National Standards Institute APA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Engineered Wood Association API얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Petroleum Institute; American Pipe Institute ASCE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Society of Civil Engineers ASME얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Society for Testing and Materials AWG얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American wire gage AWPA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Wood Preservers Association AWS 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Welding Society AWWA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄American Water Works Association BOCA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Building Officials and Code Administrators C얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Celsius, when preceded by “degree(s)” CABB얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Contractor Advertisement Bulletin Board CBR얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄California bearing ratio CRSI얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute DBE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Disadvantaged Business Enterprise DC 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Direct current DHV얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Design hourly volume EEI 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Edison Electric Institute EEO얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Equal employment opportunity EIA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Electronic Industries Alliance EPA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Environmental Protection Agency EPDM얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Ethylenepropylenedienemonomer (an elastomer) ESCCC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Erosion and Sediment Control Contractor Certification F얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Fahrenheit, when preceded by “degree(s)” F/A얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Filler/asphalt ratio FHWA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Federal Highway Administration FS얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Federal Specifications, General Services Administration ICEA 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Insulated Cable Engineers Association IMSA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄International Municipal Signal Association ITE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Institute of Transportation Engineers LCD얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Liquid crystal display LPG얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Liquid petroleum gas 3 101.01 MBE 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Minority Business Enterprise MEKP얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide MIL 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Military specifications MSDS 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Materials Safety Data Sheet MUTCD얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Virginia supplement to same NEC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄National Electrical Code NEMA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄National Electrical Manufacturers Association NIST얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄National Institute of Standards and Technology NOAA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRC 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Nuclear Regulatory Commission PCI얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Precast / Prestressed Concrete Institute PE 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Polyethylene PTL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Plywood Testing Laboratory PVC 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Polyvinylchloride PVF얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Polyvinylfluoride SAE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Society of Automotive Engineers SP 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Special Provision SPCN얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Special Provision Copied Note SPIB얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Southern Pine Inspection Bureau SSPC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Society for Protective Coatings SWPPP얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan TAPPI얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry TFE 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Polytetrafluoroethylene TIE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Ticket Information Exchange (Miss Utility) UL얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. VAC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Volts alternating current VDC얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Volts direct current VDOT 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Virginia Department of Transportation VEP얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Value engineering proposal VFA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Voids filled with asphalt VMA얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Voids in mineral aggregate VOSH얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Virginia Occupational Safety and Health VTM얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Virginia Test Methods; voids in total mix VWAPM얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Virginia Work Area Protection Manual WBE얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄 얄Women Business Enterprise 101.02—Terms In these Specifications and other Contract Documents, the following terms and pronouns used in place of them shall be interpreted as follows: –A– Advertisement, Notice of. A public announcement, as required by law, inviting bids for work to be performed or materials to be furnished that indicates approximate principal quantities, location of work to be performed, character and quantity of materials to be furnished, and time and place for opening bids. 4 101.02 Affiliate. Any business entity that is closely associated to another business entity so that one has the power to control the other either directly or indirectly; or, where one business entity systematically shares resources, officers and/or other management with another business entity to the extent that a business relationship legally exists or is publicly perceived to exist; or, when a third party has the power to control both; or, where one business entity has been so closely allied with another through an established course of dealings, including but not limited to the lending of financial wherewithal or engaging in joint ventures, so as to cause a public perception that the two firms are one entity. Alkali soil. Soil in which total alkali chlorides calculated as sodium chloride are more than 0.10 percent based on total solids. Award. The decision of the Board or Commissioner to accept the bid of the lowest responsive and responsible bidder for the work. The award is subject to the execution and approval of a satisfactory Contract therefor, and such conditions as may be specified or required by law. Award date. The date on which the decision is made by the Board or Commissioner to accept the bid of the lowest responsive and responsible bidder. –B– Backfill. Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction; may also denote material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures. Balance point. The approximate point, based on estimated shrinkage or swell, where the quantity of earthwork excavation and borrow, if required, is equal to the quantity of embankment material plus any surplus excavation material. Base course. A layer of material of specified thickness on which the intermediate or surface course is placed. Base flood. The flood or tide having a one percent chance of being exceeded in any given year. Bid. The offer of a bidder, submitted by electronic proposal (or on paper if so specified in the proposal) to perform the work and furnish the materials and labor at the prices set forth therein; valid only when properly signed and guaranteed. Bidder. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or joint venture that formally submits a bid for the work contemplated, or for any portion thereof, acting directly or through a duly authorized representative. Bids, Invitation for. See Advertisement, Notice of. Board. Commonwealth Transportation Board. Borrow. Suitable material not available from designated Regular Excavation or other sources of useable materials on-site that is used primarily for embankment. Brackish water. Water in which total alkali chlorides calculated as sodium chloride are more than 0.10 percent based on total solids. 5 101.02 Bridge. A structure, including supports, that is erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, a highway, or a railway, that has a track or passageway for carrying traffic. Bridge lift. A layer of fill material placed in excess of standard depth over an area that does not support the weight of hauling equipment and for which compaction effort is not required. –C– Calendar day. Any day shown on the calendar. Camber. A vertical curvature induced or fabricated into beams or girders and a deck slab or slab span formwork; a vertical curvature set in the grade line of a pipe culvert to accommodate differential settlement. Channel. A watercourse or drainage way. Commissioner. Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner. Commonwealth. Commonwealth of Virginia. Composite hydrograph. A graph showing the mean daily discharge versus the calendar day, indicating trends in high and low flow for a one-year period. Construction area. The area where authorized construction occurs. Construction limits (On-Site). The disturbed area required for the construction of a Project including the intersection of side slopes, with the original ground, plus slope rounding and slopes for drainage ditches, bridges, culverts, channels, temporary or incidental construction, and identified by the surface planes as shown and/or described within the Contract Documents. Contract. The written agreement executed between the Department and the Contractor that sets forth the obligations of the parties thereunder, including, but not limited to, the performance of the work, furnishing of materials and labor, and the method of measurement and basis of payment of the work, as identified in the Contract Documents. Contract Documents. The edition of the Road and Bridge Specifications cited in the Bid Proposal and Contract, which include addenda or Revisions issued prior to the Bid Date, the Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, Special Provision Copied Notes, the Plans, the Edition of the Road and Bridge Standard Drawings cited on the title sheet of the plans which include Addendum’s or Revisions issued prior to the Bid Date, Change Orders and/or Work Orders issued subsequent to the Contract Execution date and Written Directives, Agreements or Clarification. Oral representations or promises will not be considered a part of the Contract. Contract item. A specifically described unit of work for which a price is provided in the Contract. Contract time limit. The number of calendar days or fixed calendar date or that specifies the time allowed for completion of the work described in the Contract, including authorized extensions. Contractor. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or joint venture that contracts with the Department to perform the prescribed work as an independent contractor and not as an agent for the Department, Commissioner or Commonwealth Transportation Board. 6 101.02 Corporation. A body of persons granted a charter legally to conduct business recognizing them as a separate entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members. Cul-de-sac. An area at the terminus of a dead-end street or road that is constructed for the purpose of allowing vehicles to turn around. Culvert. A structure that is not classified as a bridge which provides an opening under any roadway. Cut. When used as a noun with reference to earthwork, that portion of a roadway formed by excavating below the existing surface of the earth and limited by design or the direction of the Engineer. Cut Slope. See also Fill Slope. A surface plane generally designated by design or the direction of the Engineer which is formed during excavation below existing ground elevations that intersects with existing ground at its termini. –D– Day. Unless otherwise stated, a calendar day. Deflection. The vertical movement occurring between the supports of a bridge superstructure or its components (beams, girders, and slabs) that results from their own weight and from dead and live loads. Although all parts of a structure are subject to deflections, usually only those deflections that occur in the superstructure are of significance during construction. Department. Virginia Department of Transportation. Design flood. The magnitude of flood that a given structure can convey without exceeding a designated flood level. Digital Identification (I.D.). An encrypted signature that is the legal equivalent of a written signature thus allowing for the digital signing of the bid. Disincentive. A verifiable monetary deterrent used to discourage the Contractor from failing to meet a contract milestone and/or the contract time limit that is identified and defined by specific Contract language.~ Disposable material. Material generally found to be unsuitable for roadway construction or material that is surplus. Disposal areas. Areas generally located outside of the Construction Limits identified in the Contract Documents where unsuitable or surplus material is deposited. Drainage ditch. An artificial depression constructed to carry off surface water. –E– Earthwork. The work consisting of constructing roadway earthwork in conformity with the specified tolerances for the lines, grades, typical sections, and cross sections shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer. Earthwork shall include regular, borrow, undercut and minor structure excavation; constructing embankments; disposing of surplus and unsuitable material; shaping; grading, compaction; sloping; dressing; and temporary erosion control work. 7 101.02 Easement (Right of way). A grant of the right to use property for a specific use. Embankment. A structure of soil, soil aggregate, soil-like materials, or broken rock between the existing ground and subgrade. Employee. Any person working on the project specified in the Contract who is under the direction or control of or receives compensation from the Contractor or subcontractor. Engineer. The Chief Engineer, as designated by the Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner, who acts directly or through his duly authorized representative(s) and who is responsible for highway design, construction, and maintenance. The Engineer, or his representative(s), acts within the scope of the particular duties assigned to him or the authority given to him by the Code of Virginia, the Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner, these Specifications, supplemental specifications, and the Contract Documents. Engineer, Contract. The Chief Engineer’s authorized representative for administering the advertisement of work, receiving bids for such , and awarding such work as contracts for the Department. Equipment. Machinery, tools, and other apparatus, together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, that are necessary for acceptable completion of the work. Excavation (Excavate). The act of creating a man-made cavity in the existing soil for the removal of material necessary to obtain a specific elevation or to install a structure, material, component or item necessary to complete a specific task or form a final surface or subsurface. Execution date. The date on which the contract is signed by the Chief Engineer. Extra work. An item of work that was not provided for in the Contract as awarded but that is found to be essential to the satisfactory fulfillment of the Contract within its intended scope and is identified in a written authorized Work Order or Force Account directive for its execution subject to the limitations, exceptions and provisions in Sections 104.02 and 104.03 and 109.05. –F– Falsework. A temporary framework used to support work in the process of constructing permanent structural units. Federal agencies or officers. An agency or officer of the federal government and any agency or officer succeeding in accordance with the law to the powers, duties, jurisdictions, and authority of the agency or officer mentioned. Fill Slope. See also Cut Slope. A surface plane formed during embankment above existing ground elevations that intersects with existing ground at its termini. Firm. A commercial partnership of two or more persons formed for the purpose of transacting business. Flood frequency. A statistical average recurrence interval of floods of a given magnitude. Force account work. Prescribed work of a contractual status performed by the Contractor and compensated for as specified in Section 109.05. A Force Account agreement is made with the Contractor 8 101.02 when neither the Engineer nor the Contractor can firmly establish an applicable estimate for the cost of the work, because the scope of the work is not defined or quantifiable at the time of discovery or start of execution. Force account is used when what is to be done is known, but the level of effort or quantity of materials that will be necessary to accomplish that task is unknown but will be determined as the work progresses. In these cases the rates for the labor, equipment, and materials to be used are agreed upon in advance, and daily records are kept by the Engineer in order to track the eligible expenditures. Formwork. A temporary structure or mold used to retain the plastic or fluid concrete in its designated shape until it hardens. Formwork shall be designed to resist the fluid pressure exerted by plastic concrete and additional fluid pressure generated by vibration and temporary construction loads. Frontage street or road. A local street or road auxiliary to and located on the side of a highway for service to abutting property and adjacent areas and control of access. –G– Gage. U.S. Standard Gage. Grade separation. Any structure that provides a traveled way over or under another traveled way or over a body of water. –H– Highway. The entire right of way reserved for use in constructing or maintaining the roadway and its appurtenances. Historical flood level. The highest flood level that is known to have occurred at a given location. Holidays. The days specifically set forth in Section 108.02 or in the Contract Documents. Hydrologic data sheet. A tabulation of hydrologic data for facilities conveying a 100-year discharge equal to or greater than 500 cubic feet per second. –I– Incentive. A verifiable monetary amount used to encourage the Contractor to complete work prior to the milestone dates and/or the time limit specified in the Contract. Inspector. The Engineer’s authorized representative who is assigned to make detailed inspections of the quality and quantity of the work and its conformance to the requirements and provisions of the Contract. Invert. The lowest point in the internal cross-section of a pipe or other drainage structure. –J–K– Joint venture. Two or more individuals, partnerships, corporations, or combinations thereof that join together for the purpose of bidding on and constructing a project. 9 101.02 –L– Laboratory. The testing laboratory of the Department or any other testing laboratory that may be designated by provisions in the Contract or by the Engineer. Liquidated damages. Compensatory damages as set forth in the Contract, paid by the Contractor to the Department when the Contractor fails to complete the project within the time frame specified in the Contract. These damages include, but are not limited to, additional costs associated with administration, engineering, supervision and inspection of the project. –M– Major Item. Any pay item specifically indicated as such in the Contract Documents. Material. Any substance that is used in the work specified in the Contract Median. The portion of a divided highway that separates the traveled ways. –N– Non-Contract item. Item(s) of work that is required to permit completion of the specified work in an acceptable manner, located within the Limits of Construction, but is not included in the Contract Documents and will be completed by others prior to or during the construction of the Project. No Plan and Minimum Plan Concept project. Generally a project of very limited scope and duration that requires few details to describe the proposed work, Notice to Proceed. The date of contract execution or a specified date identified as such and set forth in the Contract Documents on which the Contractor may begin the work. –O– Ordinary high water. A water elevation based on analysis of all daily high waters that will be exceeded approximately 25 percent of the time during any 12 month period. Overtopping flood. The magnitude of flood that just overflows the traveled way at a given structure and/or on the approach traveled way of such structure. –P–Q– Pavement structure. The combination of select or stabilized materials, subbase, base, and surface courses, described in the Typical Pavement Section in the Plans that is placed on a subgrade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed. Pay item. A specifically described unit of work for which a price is provided in the Contract. Phase inspection. The inspection of work at predetermined stages in lieu of continuous inspection. Plans. The approved project plans and profiles, which may include Standard Drawings, survey data, typical sections, summaries, general notes, details, plan and profile views, cross-sections, special design drawings, computer output listings, supplemental drawings or exact reproductions thereof, and 10 101.02 all subsequently approved revisions thereto which show the location, character, dimensions, and details of the work specified in the Contract Prequalification. The procedure used by the Department to assure itself of the Contractor’s ability to perform the work with attention to quality and safety including his experience in similar work, and sufficiency of equipment to accomplish the work and that the Contractor’s financial resources will permit financing the cost in accordance with the Rules Governing Prequalification Privileges. Profile grade. The line of a vertical plane intersecting the top surface of the proposed wearing surface, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed. Project. The total scope of work specified to be performed in the Contract Documents. Project showing. The scheduled event at which the Department’s representative meets with prospective bidders to describe and answer questions regarding the proposed work. Proposal: The document provided by the Department to prospective bidders or personally obtained by prospective bidders that describes the work for which bids will be accepted which includes the electronic forms on which the Department requires bids to be submitted for the work described. –R– Ramp. A connecting roadway between two highways or traveled ways or between two intersecting highways at a grade separation. Right of way. A general term denoting land, property, or interest therein, usually in the form of a strip, that is acquired for or devoted to transportation facilities but is not meant to denote the legal nature of ownership. Road. A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel including the entire area within the right of way; the entire area reserved for use in constructing or maintaining the roadway and its appurtenances. Road and Bridge Specifications. The specifications contained herein and generally recognized as the standard specifications for all contracts awarded by the Commonwealth Transportation Board or the Transportation Commissioner. Roadbed. The graded portion of a highway within the top and side slopes that is prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulders. Roadbed material. The material below the subgrade in cuts, embankments, and embankment foundations that extends to a depth and width that affects the support of the pavement structure. Roadside. A general term that denotes the area within the right of way that adjoins the outer edges of the roadway; extensive areas between the roadways of a divided highway. Roadside development. Items that are necessary to complete a highway that provide for the preservation of landscape materials and features; rehabilitation and protection against erosion of areas disturbed by construction through placing seed, sod, mulch, and other ground covers; and such suitable plantings and other improvements as may increase the effectiveness, service life and enhance the appearance of the highway. 11 101.02 Roadway. The portion of a highway within the limits of construction and all structures, ditches, channels, and waterways which are necessary for the correct drainage thereof. –S– Seawater. Water in which total alkali chlorides calculated as sodium chloride are more than 0.10 percent of total solids. Select borrow. Borrow material that has specified physical characteristics. Select material. Material obtained from roadway cuts, borrow areas, or commercial sources that is designated or reserved for use as a foundation for the subbase, subbase material, shoulder surfacing, or other specified purposes designated in the Contract Documents. Shoulder. The portion of the roadway contiguous with the traveled way that is for the accommodation of stopped vehicles, emergency use, and lateral support of the base and surface courses. Sidewalk. The portion of the roadway constructed primarily for the use of pedestrians. Skew. The acute angle formed by the intersection of a line normal to the centerline of the roadway with a line parallel to the face of the abutments or, in the case of culverts, with the centerline of the culverts. Special Provision (SP). A document that sets forth specifications or requirements for a particular project that is not covered by the standard Specifications. Special Provision Copied Note (SPCN). A document that sets forth specific specifications or requirements, usually limited in scope, for a particular project. Specialty item. An item of work designated as “Specialty Item” in the proposal that is limited to work that requires highly specialized knowledge, craftsmanship, or equipment that is not ordinarily available in contracting organizations prequalified to bid and is usually limited to minor components of the overall Contract. Specifications. A general term that includes all directions, provisions, and requirements contained herein and those that may be added or adopted as supplemental specifications, special provisions, or special provision copied notes. All are necessary for the proper fulfillment of the Contract. Standard drawings. Unless otherwise specified, applicable drawings in the Department’s Road and Bridge Standards and such other standard drawings as are referred to on the plans. State. Commonwealth of Virginia. Station. When used as a definition or term of measurement, 100 linear feet. Street. A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel including the entire area within the right of way; the entire right of way reserved for use in constructing or maintaining the roadway and its appurtenances. 12 101.02 Structures. Bridges, culverts, catch basins, inlets, retaining walls, cribs, manholes, end walls, buildings, steps, fences, sewers, service pipes, underdrains, foundation drains, and other features that may be encountered in the work and are not otherwise classed herein. Subbase. A layer(s) of specified or selected material of designed thickness that is placed on a subgrade to support a base course. Subcontractor. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or joint venture to which the prime Contractor, with the written consent of the Department, subcontracts part of the Contract. Subgrade. The top earthwork surface of a roadbed, prior to application of Select or Stabilized material courses, shaped to conform to the typical section on which the pavement structure and shoulders are constructed, or surface that must receive an additional material layer, such as Topsoil, Stone or other Select Material. Subgrade stabilization. The modification of roadbed soils by admixing with stabilizing or chemical agents that will increase the load bearing capacity, firmness, and resistance to weathering or displacement. Subletting. Subcontracting Substructure. The part of a structure that is below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames, together with the back walls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings. Superintendent. The Project representative of the Contractor who is authorized to receive and fulfill instructions from the Engineer and who supervises and directs the construction. Superstructure. The portion of a structure that is not defined as substructure. Supplemental specifications. Additions and revisions to the Road and Bridge Specifications identified in the Contract Documents Surety. A corporate entity bound with and for the Contractor for full and complete fulfillment of the Contract and for payment of debts pertaining to the work. When applied to the proposal guaranty, it refers to the corporate body that engages to be responsible in the execution by the bidder, within the specified time, of a satisfactory Contract and the furnishing of an acceptable payment and contract bond. Surface course. One or more top layers of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load, which is designed to resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and disintegrating effects of weather. Also see wearing course. Surplus material. Material that is present on a project as a result of unbalanced earthwork quantities, excessive swell, slides, undercutting, or other conditions beyond the control of the Contractor Suspension. A written notice issued by the Engineer to the Contractor that orders the work on a project to be stopped wholly or in part as specified. The notice will include the reason for the suspension. 13 101.02 –T– Temporary structure. Any structure that is required to maintain traffic while permanent structures or parts of structures specified in the Contract are constructed or reconstructed. The temporary structure shall include earth approaches. Theoretical maximum density. The maximum compaction of materials that can be obtained in accordance with the values established VTM-1. Tidewater, Virginia. Areas within the Commonwealth as defined in the Department of Conservation and Recreation Erosion and Sediment Control Manual. Topsoil: The uppermost original layer of material that will support plant life and contains more than 5 percent organic material reasonably free from roots exceeding 1 inch in diameter, brush, stones larger than 3 inches in the largest dimension and toxic contaminants. Ton. A short ton; 2,000 pounds avoirdupois. Top of earthwork. The uppermost surface of the regular or embankment excavation, not including select material, that is shaped to conform to the typical section shown in the plans or directed by the Engineer. Traveled way. The portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, not including shoulders. –U– Unsuitable Material. Any material which contains more than 5 percent by weight organic matter, or which has unstable bearing capacity, excessive moisture content, plasticity indexes or liquid indexes, or other characteristics defined by the Engineer or the Contract Documents as unsuitable for the use intended. Utilities. Private, county, city, municipal or public facility, designed, owned and maintained for public use, such as electricity, water, sanitary sewer, storm sewer, drainage culverts, telecommunications, conduits, gas, oil, fiber optics, cable television, that is not identified as a Pavement Structure, Roadway, Highway, Street or Traveled Way. –V– Vouchered. The action of approval by the Department; constitutes the date of release to the State Comptroller for payment. –W–X–Y–Z– Wearing course. (See Surface course) The top and final layer of any pavement Work. The furnishing of all materials, labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary or convenient for the successful completion of the project and the carrying out of the duties and obligations specified in the Contract. 14 102.01 Working drawings. Stress sheets, shop drawings, erection plans, falsework plans, framework plans, cofferdam plans, bending diagrams for reinforcing steel, or any other supplementary plans or similar data the Contractor is required to submit to the Engineer for review. Work Order. A written agreement made between the Contractor and the Engineer in order to establish changes to the contract. A work order may be used to add, modify, or delete: pay items, contract time, or other terms of the contract. Work orders may be issued on a bilateral or unilateral basis. Work Order, Bilateral. A written change order to the Contract where the Engineer and Contractor agree upon scope cost and time estimation for the proposed work. The process uses Form C-10 to perform, communicate and integrate the required and approved change. This type of work order is what is typically meant when the term work order is used elsewhere in Department publications. Work Order, Unilateral. A written directive to the Contractor signed only by the Engineer used to effect a contract change when the Contractor and the Department cannot agree upon the cost and time estimation of the change or where due to issues of emergency, safety, environmental damage, other similar critical factors the Department must act quickly and unilaterally to effect the change. In these cases, the Department must act unilaterally to establish a cost or time adjustment for additional work to the Contract. The process uses Form C-10 to perform, communicate and integrate the required and approved change. SECTION 102—BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 102.01—Prequalification of Bidders (a) All prospective contractors, joint ventures and subcontractors shall prequalify with the Department and shall have received a certification of qualification in accordance with the Rules Governing Prequalification Privileges prior to bidding. These rules and regulations can be found within the Department’s Rules Governing Prequalification Privileges. This requirement may be waived by a Contract provision. Prequalification will not be required for items noted in the proposal as “Specialty Items.” The names of persons authorized to sign bids shall be on file with the Department. A name will be considered to be on file if it appears as that of an officer, a partner, or an owner on the current Contractor’s Prequalifiaction Application. Requests by the bidder to revise the list of persons authorized to sign bids shall be submitted in writing and approved prior to the date bids are opened. A bid signed by someone whose name is not on file may be rejected. A bidder who makes a false certification on the Bid will be subject to forfeiture of the bid bond or disqualification from bidding on future work for a 90-day period, or both. When an individual is prequalified to bid jointly only with a specific company, the joint venture will be considered a unified entity for qualification purposes. Bidders seeking new prequalification must complete and submit the prequalification package. 15 102.01 Bidders intending to submit bids consistently shall prequalify at least once each two years using the Prequalification Renewal Application. However, the maximum capacity rating or classification, or both, may be changed by the Department during that period if additional favorable reports are submitted or upon unsatisfactory performance as determined in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.03 or from the Contractor’s performance evaluations or upon non-performance as determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 108.07. The Department may require a Contractor to furnish a current financial and experience statement at any time. (b) If prequalification is approved, prospective bidders will be placed on the Department’s List of Prequalified Vendors. Bidders are subject to varying levels of pre-qualification as stated within the Rules Governing Prequalification Privileges. Bidders will be subject to removal from this list based on disqualification in accordance with the Specifications and Prequalification rules and regulations. Unless otherwise stated, consideration for reinstatement to the Department’s List of Prequalified Vendors will be made by the Contract Engineer. 102.02—Content of Proposal (a) Standard Proposal - Upon request, the Department will furnish a proposal to any interested party. The proposal will specify the location and description of the contemplated construction, the estimate of the various quantities and kinds of work to be performed or materials to be furnished, and a schedule of items for which unit bid prices are invited. The proposal will specify the time in which the work shall be completed and the date and time by which bids must be filed. The proposal will also include any applicable supplemental specifications, special provisions, or special provision copied notes governing the proposed work. Attachments to the proposal will be considered a part of the bid. The plans, Specifications, and other documents specified in the proposal will be considered a part of the proposal. (b) Combination or Conditional Proposals—If the Department so elects, proposals may be issued for projects in combination or separately. Bids may be submitted for either the combination or separate units of the combination. The Department may make awards on combination bids or separate bids to its best advantage. Combination bids other than those set up in the proposals by the Department will not be considered. Conditional bids will be considered only when so stated in the proposal. 102.03—Interpretation of Quantities in Proposal The quantities appearing in the proposal are approximate only, and provide a basis for cost analysis. The Contractor will be paid for the quantities of work accepted and materials furnished and correctly placed or installed in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. The scheduled quantities of work to be performed and materials to be furnished may be increased, diminished, or omitted as provided within these Specifications. When payment of any item in the Contract is indicated to be on the basis of plan quantities, the Contractor will be paid in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.02. 16 102.04 In general, the bid proposal will indicate the various utility items known to exist, will indicate items to be adjusted or improvements proposed by the respective owners and will designate any items that are to be adjusted by the Contractor. Information contained in the bid proposal regarding utility locations is advisory only and shall not be construed as being a representation of completeness or accuracy. The bidder shall contact the owners of the various utilities to determine the exact location of the utilities and the owner’s schedule of work. Unless otherwise noted, all utility adjustments will be performed by the Utility or its representative. The Contractor shall cooperate with the owners of any utilities in their adjustment operations. Prior to preparing a bid, the bidder shall contact known utility owners to determine the nature, extent, and location of existing, adjusted, or proposed new utility facilities within the areas of construction. It is understood and agreed that the Contractor has considered in his bid all of the permanent and temporary utility appurtenances in their present and relocated positions, any proposed utility capital improvements, and the Contractor has contacted the utility owner with regard to their proposed schedule of work. The Contractor shall include in his proposed schedule the amount of time to make utility adjustments, from time estimates furnished by the utility owners. Any costs associated with contacting and coordinating with the utilities shall be reflected in the bid price for other items in the Contract. 102.04—Examination of Site of Work and Proposal (a) Evidence of Examination of Site of Work and Proposal The submission of a bid will be considered conclusive evidence that the bidder has examined the site of the proposed work, the bid proposal and other documents referenced therein, and the plans before submitting a bid and is satisfied as to the conditions to be encountered in performing the work and the requirements specified in the proposal. (b) Subsurface Data Subsurface data may be available for review by the bidder in the office of the District Materials Engineer or State Materials Division Administrator or as stated elsewhere in the proposal documents. Such data are accurate with regard to test holes and are made available to the bidder in good faith in order to apprise him of information in possession of the Department. Any conclusions drawn by the Department concerning subsurface conditions are based solely on the data and are merely indications of what appear to be existing subsurface conditions. The Department does not warrant these conclusions to be correct, either expressly or by implication. Further, the Department does not warrant the condition, amount, or nature of the material that may be encountered or the sufficiency of the data, either expressly or by implication. The bidder shall make his own interpretation of the subsurface data that may be available and satisfy himself with regard to the nature, condition, and extent of the material to be excavated, graded, or driven through. The submission of a bid will be considered conclusive evidence that the bidder is satisfied with regard to the subsurface conditions to be encountered in the work and has taken such conditions into consideration when submitting the bid. (c) Notice of Alleged Ambiguities If a word, phrase, clause, or any other portion of the proposal is alleged to be ambiguous, the Bidder shall submit to the State Contract Engineer a written notice of the alleged ambiguity not later than 10 days prior to the date of receipt of bids and request an interpretation 17 102.04 thereof. This written notice shall be submitted via the CABB (Contractor Advertisement Bulletin Board) system located on the Construction website at www.VDOT.Virginia.gov. Authorized interpretations will be issued by the State Contract Engineer to each person who received a proposal and will be posted on the CABB system. These questions, answers and statements from the CABB will be added to the contract as addenda. The Department will not be responsible for any other explanations or interpretations of the alleged ambiguities except those brought to the attention of and responded to by the State Contract Engineer. No employee or agent of the Department shall have the authority to furnish any explanation or interpretation, verbal or written, of alleged ambiguities that are not submitted to the Contract Engineer by the bidder. If the bidder fails to give written notice and request an interpretation of the alleged ambiguity within the specified time, he shall waive any right he may have had to his own interpretation of the alleged ambiguity. 102.05—Preparation of Bid (a) General The names of persons authorized to sign bids shall be on file with the Department. A name will be considered to be on file if it appears as that of an officer, a partner, or an owner on the current Contractor’s Prequalification Application. Requests by the bidder to revise the list of persons authorized to sign bids on their behalf shall be submitted in writing and approved prior to the date bids are opened. A bid signed by someone whose name is not on file as someone authorized by the bidder may be rejected. If the bid is made by an individual, the name and address of the individual shall be shown; if by a partnership, its name and address and the name and title of the partner signing the bid shall be shown; if by a corporation, the name of the corporation, its address, and the name and title of the officer signing the bid shall be shown; if by a joint venture, the aforementioned information shall be shown for each party. The bidder shall submit his bid by approved electronic media, unless otherwise provided for in the proposal. Bids shall be signed with a digital signature. The bidder shall furnish a unit or lump sum price as called for in the bidding proposal, in numerical figures, for each pay item listed. The bidder shall also show the products of the unit prices and quantities in numerical figures in the column provided for that purpose and the total amount of the bid. If a unit or lump sum price is omitted, the bid will be rejected. If there is a discrepancy between the unit price and its extension, the unit price will govern. In the event there is a discrepancy between the bidder’s electronically generated proposal form and the official proposal form as furnished by the Department, the Department proposal form will govern. Bids will be considered irregular and may be rejected for any of the reasons stated in Section 102.06. 18 102.05 The Bidder shall submit a proposal guaranty in accordance with the requirements of Section 102.07. A bid may be rejected and the Bidder may be disqualified for any of the reasons stated in Section 102.08. (b) Design Options Except as otherwise specified in the proposal, when regular and alternate design options are shown in the proposal, the bidder shall submit a bid price for at least one design option. The award of the Contract will be made on the basis of the lowest responsive and responsible bid submitted for either of the options. The Department may award the Contract to the bidder who submitted the lowest bid for the regular design option or the lowest bid for the alternate design option, whichever is deemed to be in the best interest of the Commonwealth. (c) Debarred Suppliers The bidder is cautioned against utilizing price quotes for materials for use in the preparation of bids from suppliers or vendors that are debarred by the Department. The Engineer will not approve for use any material furnished by a supplier debarred by the Department. The bidder shall ascertain from the Department’s listings which suppliers are debarred. Lists of approved suppliers can be found on the Department’s Materials Division web site. If a previously debarred supplier is reinstated to eligibility subsequent to the award of a contract, the Engineer may approve the use of the supplier when requested by the Contractor. All bidders shall return Form No. C-48 listing all subcontractors/suppliers that were solicited to supply quotes for work on this project within 10 calendar days after the date designated in the proposal for the opening of bids. This form shall show the vendor numbers, legal names of subcontractors/suppliers, whether DBE or non-DBE, and utilization or nonutilization for work on this project. (d) Required Certifications A bidder who makes a false certification on the Bidder Certification of Prequalification Classification and Work Capacity Form will be subject to forfeiture of his bid bond or disqualification from bidding on future work for a 90-day period, or both. The State Contract Engineer will determine the imposition and extent of such sanctions. A sworn statement shall be executed by the bidder or his agent on behalf of each person, firm, association, or corporation submitting a bid. The statement shall certify that the person, firm, association, or corporation has not, either directly or indirectly, entered into any agreement, participated in any collusion, or otherwise taken any action to restrain free competitive bidding in connection with the proposal. The sworn statement shall be part of the electronic bid or in the form of an affidavit furnished by the Department and shall be sworn to before a person who is authorized by the laws of the Commonwealth to administer oaths. The electronic bids shall contain the identical sworn statement. For the purpose of this Section, affixing a digital ID to the bid will be considered by the Department conditional evidence of signing before a person who is authorized by the laws of the Commonwealth to administer oaths. 19 102.05 (e) Acknowledgement of Receipt of Revisions The bidder shall acknowledge receipt of all revisions to the bid documents issued prior to receipt of bid by inserting the appropriate Revision Letter date(s) as part of his electronic bid submission. Failure by the bidder to acknowledge any Revision Letter date(s) with his bid may result in the bidder being considered non-responsive, his bid irregular, and the bid being rejected. (f) Signing the Bid The bid shall be signed by the individual, one or more members of a partnership, or one or more of the officers of a corporation, whichever is applicable, by a digital identification. For a joint venture, the bid shall be signed by the individual identified prior to receipt of bids, as representing the joint venture. If the individual is not previously identified as representing a joint venture, the firm of record is responsible for the bid. 102.06—Irregular Bids Bids will be considered irregular and may be rejected for any of the following reasons: (a) if the bidder fails to comply with the requirements of Sections 102.05 and 102.07 (b) if the bidder adds any provisions reserving the right to accept or reject an award or enter into a contract pursuant to an award except as otherwise permitted in these Specifications (c) If the bidder fails to provide Certification of Prequalification Classification and Work Capacity (d) if the bid is not properly signed (e) if the bidder fails to acknowledge a Revision Letter. (f) if there are unauthorized additions, conditional or alternate bids, or irregularities of any kind that may make the bid incomplete, indefinite, or ambiguous (g) if the unit prices in the bid are obviously unbalanced, either in excess or below the cost analysis values as determined by the Department (h) if the bidder fails to submit a statement concerning collusion (i) if bids are submitted showing a designation for a project other than the project for which the bid is made (j) if a paper bid is not totaled (k) if erasures or alterations in the bidder’s entries on paper bids, when allowed, are not initialed by the bidder (l) if any attachments included in the bid are detached or altered when the bid is submitted except as otherwise provided for herein 20 102.08 (m) failure to be registered with “eVA Internet e-procurement solution” prior to the award of the Contract. 102.07—Proposal Guaranty A bid in excess of $250.000.00 will not be accepted or considered unless accompanied by a guaranty in the form of a bid bond made payable to the Treasurer of Virginia. A bid bond will be accepted only if executed on a form that contains the exact wording as the form furnished by the Department. Any bid accompanied by a bond having wording that differs in any respect from that furnished by the Department will be rejected. The amount of the proposal guaranty shall be 5 percent of the total bid. When the principal is a joint venture, each party thereof shall be named and shall execute the proposal guaranty. Each surety to the bid bond shall be named and shall execute the bid bond. The bid bond shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the power of attorney for the surety’s attorney-in-fact. 102.08—Disqualification of Bidder Any of the following causes may be considered sufficient for the disqualification of a bidder and rejection of his bid: (a) more than one proposal for the same work from an individual, partnership, corporation or joint venture under the same or different name. A proposal submitted by an affiliate of an individual, partnership, corporation or any party of a joint venture will be considered as more than one proposal submitted for the same work. Affiliate as used herein shall conform to the definition in Section 101.02 - Terms. (b) evidence of collusion among bidders; participants in such collusion will not be considered for future bids until requalified by the Board (c) incompetency or inadequate machinery, plants, or other equipment as revealed by the bidder’s financial and experience statements required by these Specifications (d) unsatisfactory workmanship or progress as described within Sections 105.05, 108.03, 108.07 or other applicable specifications and demonstrated by performance records of current or past work for the Department, other agencies or departments of the Commonwealth, or agencies or departments of other states in the United States or federal government (e) uncompleted work with the Department that in the judgment of the Engineer might hinder or prevent prompt completion of additional work if awarded (f) failure to pay or settle satisfactorily all bills for materials, labor, equipment, supplies, or other items specified in contracts in force at the time the new work comes before the Board for award (g) failure to comply with any prequalification regulation of the Department (h) failure to cooperate properly with representatives of the Commonwealth inspecting, monitoring or administering construction or disorderly conduct toward any such representative in previous contracts 21 102.08 (i) default under a previous contract, or (j) Failure to pay back amounts owed the Department, as specified in Section 109.10, on other contracts Temporary disqualification of a bidder as provided herein will result in the temporary disqualification of each member of a joint venture and any affiliate, having substantially the same operational management or drawing from the same equipment or labor resource pool. Temporary disqualification will also result in non-approval of the bidder, each member of a joint venture, and affiliates as defined herein, for performance of work as subcontractors that in the opinion of the State Contract Engineer, could adversely affect other work under contract to the Department. The above listed reasons for possible disqualification are not totally inclusive and disqualification may occur based on other requirements within these Specifications. Bidders who are disqualified may be reinstated, at the discretion of the State Contract Engineer or the Prequalification Panel, upon satisfactory compliance with the requirements of these Specifications. 102.09—Submission of Bid Each bid shall be submitted to the Department by approved electronic media in accordance with the policy in place at the time of the advertisement and bid. This information will be posted on the Construction website at www.virginiadot.org/business/const. Refer to “Electronic Bidding” information. Bids shall be filed prior to the time and at the place specified in the Notice of Advertisement. Bids received after that time will be returned to the bidder unopened. The date for the opening of bids may be deferred by the Department, in which case the bidders will be notified. 102.10—Withdrawal of Bid A bidder may withdraw a bid in accordance with the following. (a) Standard Withdrawal: Bids may be withdrawn as allowed by the electronic bidding system until bid closing. A bidder may withdraw a bid provided the request for the withdrawal is written and signed by a person(s) who qualifies to execute the bid in accordance with the requirements of Section 102.05. (b) Conditional Withdrawal: A bidder who desires to bid on more than one project for which bids are to be opened on the same date and desires to protect himself against receiving awards for more projects than he is equipped to handle may secure the protection desired by completing the portion of the electronic bid for the conditional withdrawal of bids. 102.11—eVA Business-To-Government Vendor Registration Bidders are not required to be registered with “eVA Internet e-procurement solution” at the time bids are submitted, however, prior to award, the lowest responsive and responsible bidder must be registered with “eVA Internet e-procurement solution” or the bid will be rejected. Registration shall be 22 103.03 performed by accessing the eVA website portal www.eva.state.va.us, following the instructions and complying with the requirements therein. 102.12—Public Opening of Bids Electronic bids will be decrypted, opened, printed to paper and along with all other bids will be read publicly at the time and place specified in the Notice of Advertisement. Interested parties are invited to be present. As-Read results will be posted on the Construction website at www.VDOT.Virginia.gov as soon as possible on the day of reading. SECTION 103—AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS 103.01—Consideration of Bids After bids have been opened and read, the Department will evaluate bid submittals to determine if all requirements of Section 102 have been met. Bids not submitted in accordance with the requirements of Section 102 will be rejected. Bids will be compared on the basis of the summation of the products of the quantities shown in the bid schedule and the unit bid prices. The Department may correct arithmetical errors in the bid prior to such comparison, in accordance with Section 102.05. The results of the comparisons will be available to the public after the determination has been made to award the Contract. The Board reserves the right to reject any or all bids, waive technicalities, advertise for new bids, or proceed to do the work otherwise if it deems that the best interest of the Commonwealth would be promoted thereby. 103.02—Award of Contract If the Contract is awarded, the award will be made to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder without discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex, or national origin. In the event of tie bids, preference will be given to Virginia persons, firms, or corporations; otherwise, the tie will be decided by lot. Whenever any bidder is a resident of any other state and such state under its laws allows a resident contractor of that state a preference, a like preference may be allowed to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder who is a resident of Virginia. The award date will not be later than midnight on the 60th day after the opening of bids. If the Board, or the Commissioner; where permitted by law, has not awarded the Contract within this period, the bidder may withdraw his bid without penalty or prejudice unless the time limit is extended by mutual consent. 103.03—Cancellation of Award The Board, or the Commissioner; where permitted by law, may cancel the award of any contract at any time before the execution of the contract by all parties without liability to the Commonwealth. 23 103.04 103.04—Forfeiture of Proposal Guaranty When the bidder withdraws his bid prior to award, after being determined the apparent low bidder, the bid bond will be forfeited in accordance with the requirements of the Code of Virginia as amended. 103.05—Requirements of Contract Bond Within 15 calendar days after notification of award of the Contract the successful bidder shall furnish the following bonds for contracts in excess of $250,000.00: (a) a performance bond in the sum of the Contract amount, conditioned upon the faithful performance of the Contract in strict conformity with the plans, Specifications and conditions of the Contract, and (b) a payment bond in the sum of the Contract amount, conditioned upon the prompt payment for all labor, materials, public utility services and rental of equipment used in the prosecution of the work for the Contract. Bidders will not be awarded an unbonded contract when their bid plus the balance of other unbonded contracts exceeds $250,000.00 or as otherwise limited by their current prequalificaton status. The bonds shall be made on official forms furnished by the Department and shall be executed by the bidder and a surety company carrying a minimum “Best Rating” of “B +” and authorized to do business in Virginia in accordance with the laws of Virginia and the rules and regulations of the State Corporation Commission. To be considered properly executed, the bonds shall include authorized signatures and titles. 103.06—Contract Documents The portion of the executed Contract submitted by the Contractor shall include the following documents unless the filing of any of them at a later date is specifically permitted by other sections of these Specifications or by Special Provisions or Special Provision Copied Notes: (a) Contract: The Contract shall include the schedule of prices submitted by the bidder, plans, standard drawings, these Specifications, supplemental specifications, special provisions, special provision copied notes, and the standard form of the Contract, all as furnished by the Department. (b) Contract Bonds: Contract bonds shall conform to the requirements of Section 103.05. (c) Affidavits and Documents: Affidavits and documents shall include those required to be made a part of the Contract by any federal or state law in effect on the date of the Notice of Advertisement. (d) Workers’ Compensation Insurance Certificate: The certificate shall be filed on forms furnished by the Department within 15 calendar days after notification of award of the Contract. The certificate shall be executed by an approved and authorized insurance company as required by state law and shall cover the Contract it accompanies. 24 103.06 The Contractor shall file notice with the Department at least 30 days prior to the cancellation of any required workers’ compensation coverage. If any of his insurance of this class is cancelled, the Contractor shall cease operations on the date of the cancellation and shall not resume operations until new insurance is certified as being in force. (e) Progress Schedule: The Contractor shall submit a progress schedule in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.03 or as specified in the Contract Documents. (f) Contractor’s Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Insurance: The Contractor shall procure and maintain at his own expense, until final acceptance of the work covered by the Contract, insurance of the kinds and in the amounts specified herein. The minimum limits of liability for this insurance shall be as follows: A Combined Single Limit for Bodily Injury Liability and Property Damage Liability $1,000,000 $2,000,000 Each Occurrence Aggregate Evidence of insurance in compliance with the above shall be filed on forms approved by the Department within the time specified herein. The evidence shall be executed by an approved and authorized insurance company authorized to do business in Virginia and with a minimum “Best Rating” of “B +”, and shall cover the Contract it accompanies. The Contractor shall file notice with the Department at least 30 days prior to the cancellation or reduction of the required insurance, and shall cease operations on the date of the cancellation or reduction until new insurance is in force and the same evidence of insurance is provided to the Department. The Contractor’s Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Insurance shall cover liability of the Contractor for damage because of bodily injury to, or death of persons and damage to, or destruction of property, that may be suffered by persons other than the Contractor’s own employees as a result of the negligence of the Contractor in performing the work covered by the Contract. Insurance provided in compliance with this Section shall include liability of the Contractor for damage to or destruction of property that may be suffered by persons other than the Contractor’s own employees as a result of blasting operations of the Contractor in performing the work covered by the Contract. If any part of the work is sublet, insurance meeting the same requirements shall be provided by or in behalf of the subcontractors and evidence of such insurance shall be submitted with the sublet request. Insurance coverage in the minimum amounts set forth herein shall not be construed to relieve the Contractor or subcontractor(s) of liability in excess of such coverage, nor shall it preclude the Commonwealth from taking such actions as are available to it under any other provision of this Contract or otherwise in law. 25 103.07 103.07—Failure to Furnish Bonds or Certificate of Insurance Failure by the successful bidder to furnish the Department acceptable bonds, workers’ compensation insurance or the Contractor’s Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Insurance policy within 15 calendar days after being notified of the award of the Contract shall be considered just cause for cancellation of award and forfeiture of the proposal guaranty. In such event, the proposal guaranty shall become the property of the Commonwealth, not as a penalty but in liquidation of damages sustained. The Contract may then be awarded to the next lowest responsible bidder, or the work may be re-advertised or constructed otherwise, as determined by the Board. In the event the successful bidder on an unbonded contract is unwilling or unable to fulfill the Contract and fails to notify the Department prior to execution of the Contract by the Department, the bidder will be declared in default in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.07. In the event the bidder, on an unbonded contract, notifies the Department prior to execution of the Contract by the Department of such unwillingness or inability to fulfill the Contract, the bidder will be enjoined from bidding on an unbonded contracts for a period of no less than 90 days from the date of notice by the Department. A bidder who has never been enjoined or defaulted on an unbonded contract and who notifies the Department prior to contract execution of an unwillingness or inability to fulfill the Contract will not be enjoined for the first occurrence; however, said bidder will not be permitted to rebid or perform work on that specific Contract. 103.08—Contract Audit The Contractor shall permit the Department to audit, examine, and copy all documents, computerized records, electronic mail, or other records of the Contractor during the life of the Contract and for a period of not less than five years after the date of final payment, or the date the Contractor is declared in default of Contract, or the date of termination of the Contract. The documents and records shall include, but not be limited to: (a) Those that were used to prepare and compute the bid, prepare all schedules used on the project, record the progress of work on the project, accounting records, purchasing records, personnel payments or records necessary to determine employee credentials,vendor payments and written policies and procedures used to record, compute and analyze all costs incurred on the project, including those used in the preparation or presentation of claims to the Department. (b) Records pertaining to the project as the Department may deem necessary in order to permit adequate evaluation and verification of Contractor’s compliance with contract requirements, compliance with the Department’s business policies, and compliance with provisions for pricing work orders or claims submitted by the Contractor or the Contractor’s subcontractors, insurance agents, surety bond agents and material suppliers shall be made available to the auditor(s) at the Department’s request. The Contractor shall make his personnel available for interviews when requested by the Department. (c) Upon request, the Contractor shall provide the Department with data files on data disks, or other suitable alternative computer data exchange format. Data furnished by the Contractor that cannot be verified will be subject to a complete audit by the Department. 26 104.01 The Contractor shall ensure that the requirements of this provision are made applicable to his subcontractors, insurance agents, surety bond agents and material suppliers. The Contractor shall cooperate and shall cause all related parties to furnish or make available in an expeditious manner all such information, materials, and data. The Contractor shall be forthcoming in disclosing all sources and locations of media. The Contractor shall provide immediate access to records for the audit and provide immediate acceptable facilities for the audit. Failure on the part of the Contractor to afford the Department immediate access or proper facilities for the audit will be considered failure to cooperate and will result in disqualification as a bidder in accordance with Section 102.08. Upon completion of the contract audit, any adjustments or payments due by the Contractor as a result of the audit shall be made within 60 days from presentation of the Department’s findings to the Contractor. Failure on the part of the Contractor to make payment may result in disqualification as a bidder in accordance with Section 102.08. If the Contractor disagrees with the findings of the Department’s audit, the Contractor may appeal the decision in accordance with provisions of Section 105.19 or the Code of Virginia as amended and as applicable, except that the provision for the Contractor to submit a claim within 60 days after final payment shall not apply. If the Contractor elects to appeal the decision of the audit he shall within 60 days of the date of the notice of the Department’s findings submit a written request to appeal the decision to the Chief Engineer. Failure on the part of the Contractor to file a claim disputing the Department’s audit within 60 days will be interpreted as a waiver of any claim for dispute of the Department’s findings. 103.09—Execution of Contract The bid as submitted, including the documents specified in Section 103.06(a) shall constitute the Contract upon submittal of the contract bond, contract bodily injury and property damage liability insurance certificate, and workers’ compensation insurance certificate and the final execution by the Department. After the Department has recommended the bid for award the apparent low bidder shall be required to sign and return a paper copy of the contract documents to the State Contract Engineer. Failure to sign and return the contract documents will result in forfeiture of the bid bond. If the Contract is not awarded within the time limit specified in Section 103.02, the bidder may withdraw his bid without penalty or prejudice unless the time limit is extended by mutual consent. No Contract shall be considered effective until it has been fully executed by all parties. SECTION 104—SCOPE OF WORK 104.01—Intent of Contract The intent of the Contract is to provide for completion of the work specified therein within the budget and time limit stated in the Contract. Further it is understood that the Contractor execute the work under the contract as an independent contractor and not as an agent of the Department, the Commissioner or the Commonwealth Transportation Board. 27 104.02 104.02—Alteration of Quantities or Character of Work (a) General The Engineer reserves the right to make, in writing, at any time during the work, such changes in quantities and such alterations in the work as are necessary to complete the project satisfactorily. Such changes in quantities and alterations shall not invalidate the Contract or release the surety, and the Contractor shall agree to perform the work as altered. No change, alteration or modification in or deviations from the Contract or the Contract Documents, or the giving by the Department of any extension of time for the performance of the Contract, or the forbearance on the part of the Department shall release or exonerate in whole or in part either the Contractor or any surety on the obligations of any bond given in connection with the Contract. Neither the Department nor the Contractor shall be under any obligation to notify the surety or sureties of any such alteration, change, extension or forbearance, notice thereof being expressly waived. Any increase in the Contract amount shall automatically result in a corresponding increase in the penal amount of the bonds without notice to or consent from the surety, such notice and consent being hereby waived. Decreases in the Contract amount shall not, however, reduce the penal amount of the bonds unless specifically provided in any change order as authorized in accordance with the provisions of Section 109.05 decreasing the scope of the work. If the alterations in the nature of the work or changes in quantities, significantly change the character of the work under the Contract, an adjustment, excluding anticipated profits for reduced or eliminated work, may be made to the Contract. The basis for the adjustment shall be agreed upon prior to the performance of the work. If a basis cannot be agreed upon, an adjustment will be made either for or against the Contractor in such amount as the Engineer may determine to be fair and equitable. At the option of the Engineer, the Contractor may be directed to accomplish the work on a force account basis when the scope of work meets the requirements for such a determination in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05. If the alterations or changes in quantities do not significantly change the character of the work to be performed under the contract, the altered work will be paid for as provided elsewhere in the Contract. The term significant change shall be construed to apply only to the following circumstances: (1) When the character of the work as altered differs materially in kind or nature from that involved or included in the original proposed construction or (2) When a major item of work, as defined elsewhere in the contract is increased or decreased more than 25 percent of the original contract quantity. Any allowance for an increase or decrease in cost due to an increase in quantity of more than 25 percent shall be calculated only on that quantity in excess of 125 percent of the original contract bid item quantity. Also any allowance for an increase or decrease in cost due to a decrease in quantity of more than 25 percent shall be calculated only on that quantity below 75 percent of the original contract bid item quantity, or in case of a decrease below 75 percent, to the actual amount of work performed, or 28 104.02 (3) When overruns and underruns of piling amount to more than 25 percent of the original bid quantity, whether or not such item has been designated as a major item, or (4) When overruns or underruns of more than 100% on minor items can be demonstrated as not representative of the true cost of the work when considering the unit bid price. (b) Value Engineering Proposals The Contractor may submit to the Engineer written Value Engineering Proposals (VEP) for modifying the plans, Specifications, or other requirements of the Contract for the purpose of reducing the total cost and/or contract time of construction without reducing the design capacity or quality of the finished product. If the VEP is accepted by the Department, the net savings and/or contract time will be equally divided by the Department and the Contractor. When an accepted VEP includes contract time savings, the contract completion date shall be advanced by half of the time savings accepted in the VEP and the Contractor shall have exclusive use of the remaining half of the time as contractor float. Each VEP shall result in a net savings over the contract cost and/or contract time without impairing essential functions and characteristics of the item(s) or of any other part of the project, including, but not limited to, service life, reliability, economy of operation, ease of maintenance, aesthetics, and safety. At least the following information shall be submitted with each VEP: • Statement that the proposal is submitted as a VEP • Statement concerning the basis for the VEP, benefits to the Department and an itemization of the contract items and requirements affected by the VEP • Detailed estimate of the cost and/or contract time under the existing Contract and under the VEP • Proposed specifications and recommendations as to the manner in which the VEP changes are to be accomplished • Statement as to the time by which a contract work order adopting the VEP must be issued so as to obtain the maximum cost-effectiveness The Department will process the VEP in the same manner as prescribed for any other proposal that would necessitate issuance of a work order. The Department may accept a VEP in whole or part by issuing a work order that will identify the VEP on which it is based. The Department will not be liable to the Contractor for failure to accept or act on any VEP submitted pursuant to these requirements or for delays in the work attributable to any VEP. Until a VEP is put into effect by a work order, the Contractor shall remain obligated to the terms and conditions of the existing Contract. If an executed work order has not been issued by the date on which the Contractor’s proposal specifies that a decision should be made or such other date as the Contractor may subsequently have specified in writing, the VEP shall be deemed rejected. 29 104.02 The work order effecting the necessary modification of the Contract will establish the net savings agreed on, provide for adjustment of the contract prices, and/or contract time, and indicate the net savings. The Contractor shall absorb all costs incurred in preparing a VEP. Costs for reviewing and administering a VEP will be borne by the Department. The Department may include in the agreement any conditions it deems appropriate for consideration, approval, and implementation of the VEP. The Contractor’s 50 percent share of the net savings and/or contract time shall constitute full compensation to him for effecting all changes pursuant to the agreement. Unless specifically provided for in the work order authorizing the VEP, acceptance of the VEP and performance of the work thereunder will not change the contract time limit. The Department may adopt a VEP for general use in contracts administered by the Department if it determines that the VEP is suitable for application to other contracts. VEPs identical with or similar to previously submitted VEPs will be eligible for consideration and compensation under these provisions if they have not been previously adopted for general application to other contracts administered by the Department. When a VEP is adopted for general use, compensation pursuant to these requirements will be applied only to those awarded contracts for which the VEP was submitted prior to the date of adoption of the VEP. Proposed changes in the basic design of a bridge or pavement type or those changes that require different right-of-way limits will not normally be considered an acceptable VEP. If a VEP is based on or is similar to a change in the plans, Specifications, or special provisions adopted by the Department prior to submission of the VEP, the Engineer will not accept the VEP. The Engineer will be the sole judge of the acceptability of a VEP. The requirements herein apply to each VEP initiated, developed, and identified as such by the Contractor at the time of its submission to the Engineer. However, nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the Engineer to approve a VEP. Subject to the provisions herein, the Department or any other public agency shall have the right to use all or part of an accepted VEP without obligation or compensation of any kind to the Contractor. If a VEP is accepted by the Department, the provisions of (a) herein that pertain to the adjustment of contract unit prices attributable to alterations of contract quantities will not apply to the items adjusted or deleted as a result of putting the VEP into effect by a work order. 104.03—Differing Site Conditions During the progress of the work, if subsurface or latent physical conditions differing materially from those indicated in the contract are encountered at the site, the Contractor shall promptly notify the Engineer in writing of the specific differing conditions. If unknown physical conditions of an unusual nature, differing materially from those ordinarily encountered and generally recognized as inherent in the work provided for in the Contract, are encountered at the site the Contractor shall promptly notify the Engineer in writing of the specific differing conditions. 30 105.02 Upon receipt of such written notification, the Engineer will acknowledge receipt and investigate the conditions. If it is determined by the Engineer that the conditions materially differ and cause an increase or decrease in the cost or time required for the performance of any work under the Contract, an adjustment, excluding anticipated profits, will be made and the Contract may be modified in writing accordingly. The Engineer will notify the Contractor of the determination whether or not an adjustment of the Contract is warranted. SECTION 105—CONTROL OF WORK 105.01—Notice to Proceed Unless otherwise indicated in the Contract, the date of the Notice to Proceed will be the date of contract execution. The State Contract Engineer will contact the Contractor on the date of contract execution to inform him of such action. The State Contract Engineer will confirm this date in the Letter of Contract Execution. This Letter of Contract Execution will be distributed to Department personnel involved in the administration of the Contract and to the Contractor. The Contractor shall begin work within 15 days of the date of contract execution unless the Notice to Proceed date is otherwise indicated in the Contract, in which case the Contractor shall begin work within 15 days of the date of the Notice to Proceed indicated in the Contract. Contract Time will commence on the date of the Notice to Proceed. The Letter of Contract Execution will identify the Chief Engineer’s authorized representative, who is responsible for written directives and changes to the Contract. The Engineer will contact the Contractor after notice of award to arrange a pre-construction conference. In the event the Contractor, for matters of his convenience, wishes to begin work later than 15 days from the date of Notice to Proceed he shall make such a request in writing to the Engineer promptly after the execution of the Contract. If the Contractor’s requested start date is acceptable to the Department, the Contractor will be notified in writing; however, the Contract fixed completion date will not be adjusted but will remain binding. The Contractor’s request to adjust the start date for the work on the Contract will not be considered as a basis for claim that the time resulting from Contractor’s requested start date, if accepted by the Engineer, is insufficient to accomplish the work nor shall it relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to perform the work in accordance with the scope of work and requirements of the Contract. In no case shall work begin before the Department executes the Contract. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 24 hours prior to the date on which he plans to begin the work. 105.02—Pre-Construction Conference Within 14 days after notification of award the Contractor shall attend a pre-construction conference scheduled by the Engineer to discuss the Contractor’s planned operations for prosecuting and completing the work within the time limit of the Contract. At the pre-construction conference the Engineer and the Contractor will identify in writing the authorities and responsibilities of project personnel for each party. The pre-construction conference may be held simultaneously with the scheduling conference when the Engineer so indicates this in advance to the Contractor. When these are simultaneously held, the Contractor shall come prepared to discuss preparation and submittal details of the progress schedule in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. 31 105.02 The Engineer will be responsible for setting the conference agenda, conducting discussions and ensuring that minutes of the conference are taken and later timely distributed to all attendees. The pre-construction conference will be the venue to review the contract plans and documents. To that end, the conference agenda may include but not be limited to discussions on the general sequence of work, including the expected primary work tasks as defined by the Contractor, and proposed means and methods for the entire scope of work, potential problems or impacts, constructability issues, special considerations such as limitations and access issues, agreements with local agencies or governments, utility impacts or relocations including railroads, coordination with schedules of the utilities and subcontractors and associated work, sources and delivery of critical materials, submittals required by Contract documents including shop drawings, location of field office, labs, etc., environmental concerns including permits and erosion and siltation efforts, maintenance of traffic issues and EEO/DBE/MBE requirements. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a list of all equipment available for use in the prosecution of the work on the contract at the pre-construction conference or no later than one week prior to the first monthly progress estimate. The make, model, size, capacity, and year of manufacture shall be listed for each piece of equipment. Where possible the Contractor shall provide this list in an electronic format. This list may take the form of the Contractor’s fleet list of equipment. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer an updated list of equipment as changes occur. 105.03—Authorities of Project Personnel (a) Authority of Engineer During prosecution of the work, the Engineer will answer all questions that may arise as to the quantity, quality, and acceptability of materials furnished and work performed; rate of progress of the work; interpretation of the plans and Specifications; acceptable fulfillment of the Contract by the Contractor; disputes and mutual rights between contractors; and compensation. The Engineer has the authority to suspend the work wholly or in part if the Contractor has created conditions that are unsafe or fails to correct conditions that are unsafe for workers or the general public or fails to carry out the provisions of the Contract. The Engineer may also suspend work for such periods as he may deem necessary because of catastrophic or extraordinary weather in accordance with the definition of such in Section 108.04, conditions considered unsuitable for prosecution of the work, or any other condition or reason deemed to be in the public interest. The Engineer may issue written clarifications or directives that either enhance or alter the Contract Documents. The Engineer may order such work as may be necessary to complete the Contract satisfactorily. (b) Authority of Inspector. Inspectors employed by the Department are authorized to inspect all work performed and materials furnished. Inspection may extend to all or any part of the work and to the preparation, fabrication, and manufacture of the materials to be used. The Inspector is not authorized to alter or waive the provisions of these Specifications or make changes in the plans. 32 105.05 The Inspector is not authorized to make final acceptance of the project, approve any operation or item, or act as foreman for the Contractor. However, the Inspector will have the authority to reject defective work and material and suspend work that is being improperly performed, subject to the concurrence of the Engineer. Such inspection shall not relieve the Contractor of any obligation to furnish acceptable materials or provide completed construction that is in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. The Inspector will exercise only such additional authority as may be delegated by the Engineer. The Engineer will advise the Contractor in writing of delegations of authority that will affect his operations. 105.04—Gratuities Gifts, gratuities, or favors shall not be given or offered by the Contractor to personnel of the Department. A gift, gratuity, or favor of any nature whatsoever or offer of such by the Contractor to personnel of the Department shall be a violation of this provision. The Contractor shall not employ any personnel of the Department for any services without the prior written consent of the Engineer. If the Engineer determines after investigation that the Contractor or the Contractor’s employees, representatives, or agents of any person acting in his behalf have violated this provision, the Contractor may, at the discretion of the Chief Engineer, be disqualified from bidding on future contracts with the Department for a period of six months from the date of the Chief Engineer’s determination of such a violation. Any implicated employees, agents, or representatives of the Contractor may be prohibited from working on any contract awarded by the Department for the period of disqualification. 105.05—Character of Workers, Work Methods, and Equipment (a) Workers Workers shall have sufficient skill and experience to perform properly the work assigned to them. Workers engaged in special or skilled work shall have sufficient experience in such work and in the operation of equipment required to perform it properly and satisfactorily. Any person employed by the Contractor or any subcontractor who, in the opinion of the Engineer, does not perform his work in a proper and skillful manner or is intemperate or disorderly shall, when directed in writing by the Engineer, be removed by the Contractor or subcontractor employing the person and shall not be employed again on any portion of the work without the written approval of the Engineer. If the Contractor fails to remove the person or furnish suitable and sufficient personnel for proper prosecution of the work, the Engineer may withhold all monies that are or may become due the Contractor and may suspend the work until the Contractor has complied with the Engineer’s directive. (b) Equipment Equipment shall be of sufficient size and in such mechanical condition as to comply with the requirements of the work and produce a satisfactory quality of work. Equipment shall be such that no damage to the roadway, adjacent property, other highways or danger to the 33 105.05 public will result from its use. The Engineer may order the removal and require replacement of unsatisfactory equipment. (c) Work Methods When methods and equipment to be used by the Contractor are not prescribed in the Contract, the Contractor is free to use whatever methods or equipment he feels will accomplish the contract work in conformity with the requirements of the Contract. When the Contract specifies that construction be performed by the use of particular methods and equipment, they shall be used unless others are authorized by the Engineer. If the Contractor desires to use a different method or type of equipment, he may request permission from the Engineer to do so. The request shall be in writing and shall include a full description of the methods and equipment he proposes to use and an explanation of the reasons for desiring to make the change. If permission is not given, the Contractor shall use the specified methods and equipment. If permission is given, it will be on the condition that the Contractor shall be fully responsible for producing construction work in conformity with contract requirements. If, after trial use of the substituted methods or equipment, the Engineer determines that the work produced does not conform to the requirements of the Contract, the Contractor shall discontinue the use of the substitute method or equipment and shall complete the remaining construction with the specified methods and equipment. The Contractor shall remove any deficient work and replace it with work of the specified quality or take such other corrective action as the Engineer may direct. No change will be made in the basis of payment for the construction items involved or the contract time limit as the result of authorizing or denying a change in methods or equipment under these provisions. 105.06—Subcontracting No portion of the Contract shall be subcontracted or otherwise disposed of without the written consent of the District Administrator or his designee. The Contractor shall perform with his own organization work amounting to not less than 30 percent of the original contract value unless otherwise noted in the Contract. The Contractor shall not subcontract any part of the contract work to a contractor who is not prequalified with the Department in accordance with the requirements of Section 102.01, unless otherwise indicated in the Contract. This restriction does not apply to contract specialty items, consultants, manufacturers, suppliers, or haulers. Consent to subcontract or otherwise dispose of any portion of the contract work shall not relieve the Contractor of any responsibility for the fulfillment of the entire Contract. 105.07—Cooperation of Contractor The Contractor shall give the work the constant attention necessary to facilitate quality and progress and shall fully cooperate with the Engineer, Inspector, and other contractors involved in the prosecution of the work. If any portion of a project is located within the limits of a municipality, military installation, or other federally owned property; the Contractor shall cooperate with the appropriate officials and agents in the prosecution of the work to the same extent as with the Department. 34 105.08 The Contractor shall have on the project at all times during prosecution of work a competent Superintendent capable of reading and understanding the plans and Specifications and experienced in the type of work being performed who shall receive instructions from the Engineer or his authorized representatives. The Superintendent shall have full authority to execute the orders and directions of the Engineer without delay and supply promptly such materials, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals as may be required. 105.08—Cooperation with Regard to Utilities The adjustment of utilities consists of the relocation, removal, replacement, rearrangement, reconstruction, improvement, disconnection, connection, shifting, or altering of an existing utility facility in any manner. Existing utilities within the Department’s knowledge at the design stage of the project will be indicated on the plans. Where possible, arrangements for adjusting these utilities will be made by the Department prior to project construction. Existing private and public utilities that require adjustment will be adjusted by the utility owner or if denoted in the Contract, shall be adjusted by the Contractor as a contract item. The new location of such utilities will not normally be shown on the plans. Some utilities may remain or be adjusted within the construction limits simultaneously with project construction operations. The Contractor shall coordinate project construction with planned utility adjustments and take all necessary precautions to prevent disturbance of the utility facilities. The Contractor shall report to the Engineer any failure on the part of the utility owner to cooperate or proceed with the planned utility adjustments. The Contractor shall perform contract utility work in a manner that will cause the least inconvenience to the utility owner and those being served by the utility owner. Existing, adjusted, or new utility facilities that are to remain within the right of way shall be properly protected by the Contractor to prevent disturbance or damage resulting from construction operations. If during prosecution of the work the Contractor encounters an existing utility that requires adjustment he shall not interfere with the utility but shall take the proper precautions to protect the facility and shall promptly notify the Engineer of the need for adjustment. If the Contractor desires the temporary or permanent adjustment of utilities for his own benefit, he shall conduct all negotiations with the utility owners and pay all costs in connection with the adjustment. When delays, inconvenience, or damage sustained by the Contractor are deemed by him to be attributable to interference by utility appurtenances, or the operation of moving the same, written requests from the Contractor for an extension of time will be considered provided there has been a delay to either the critical path or the controlling item of work. Such delays shall be demonstrated by an impact analysis of the Contractor’s schedule. If it is determined that interference by utility appurtenances caused a delay of such magnitude or otherwise altered project operations so as to increase significantly the Contractor’s cost of performing the work, the Engineer will consider additional compensation limited to the actual costs incurred by the Contractor. Actual costs will not include unabsorbed office overhead unless the delay or impact adversely affects the critical path or controlling item of work to such extent that the fixed completion 35 105.08 date is delayed. Prior to the Engineer’s review, the Contractor shall present sufficient documentation to substantiate fully the request for additional compensation. Such documentation shall be furnished in sufficient detail as requested by the Engineer. Nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the payment of additional compensation. 105.09—Cooperation among Contractors The Department may at any time contract or approve concurrent contracts for performance of other work on, near, or within the same geographical area of the work specified in an existing contract. Contractors shall not impede or limit access to such work by others. When separate contracts are awarded within the limits of one project, contractors shall not hinder the work being performed by other contractors. Contractors working on the same project shall cooperate with each other. In case of dispute, the Engineer will be the referee, and his decision will be binding on all parties. When contracts are awarded to separate contractors for known concurrent construction in a common area, the contractors, in conference with the Engineer, shall establish a written joint schedule of operations. The schedule shall be based on the limitations of the individual contracts and the joining of the work of one contract with the others. The schedule shall set forth the approximate dates and sequences for the several items of work to be performed and shall ensure completion within the contract time limit. The schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval no later than 30 days after the award date of the later contract and prior to the first monthly progress estimate. The schedule shall be agreeable to, signed by, and binding on each contractor. The Engineer may allow modifications of the schedule when benefit to the contractors and the Department will result. Any modification of the schedule shall be in writing, mutually agreed to and signed by the contractors, and shall be binding on the contractors in the same manner as the original agreement. If the contractors fail to agree on a joint schedule of operations, they shall submit their individual schedules to the Engineer, who will prepare a schedule that will be binding on each contractor. The joint schedule and any modification thereof shall become a part of each contract involved. The failure of any contractor to abide by the terms of the joint schedule will be justification for declaring the contractor in default of his Contract. Each contractor shall assume all liability, financial or otherwise, in connection with his Contract and shall protect and save harmless the Commonwealth from any and all damages and claims that may arise because of any inconvenience, delay, or loss he experiences as a result of the presence and operations of other contractors working in or near the work covered by his Contract. He shall also assume all responsibility for any of his work not completed because of the presence or operation of other contractors. Except for an extension of the contract time limit, the Department will not be responsible for any inconvenience, delay, or loss experienced by the Contractor as a result of his failure to gain access to the work at the time contemplated. When the failure to gain access is not due to any fault or negligence of the Contractor, an extension of the contract time limit will be allowed on the basis of the amount of time delayed. 36 105.10 The Department will not assume any responsibility for acts, failures, or omissions of one contractor that delay the work of another except as provided herein. 105.10—Plans and Working Drawings (a) General The Contractor will be supplied with two copies of the executed Contract. The Department’s Road and Bridge Specifications and the Department’s Road and Bridge Standards will be available for purchase by the Contractor from the office of the State Contract Engineer. (b) Plans Plans will be furnished to the Contractor without charge as follows: Original Contract Amount in Dollars From 0 2,000,000 5,000,000 10,000,000+ Number of Plan Sets To Full Size Half Size 1,999,999 4,999,999 9,999,999 4 6 8 10 6 8 10 10 Plan revisions issued while the project is under construction will be furnished to the Contractor in the same sizes and number The Contractor shall keep one complete set of plans, standard drawings, contract assemblies, and Specifications available on the project at all times. For maintenance projects, certain sign projects, and other projects having no field office or on which the Contractor has no office, the Contractor shall keep one complete set of plans, contract assemblies, and Specifications with him while prosecuting the work. In the event items of work are required as per the Standard Drawings, the Contractor shall also keep the appropriate Standard Drawings on the project during the performance of that work. Plans consisting of general drawings and showing such details as are necessary to give a comprehensive understanding of the work specified will be furnished by the Department. Except as otherwise shown on the plans, dimensions shown on the plans are measured in the respective horizontal or vertical planes. Dimensions that are affected by gradients or vertical curvatures shall be adjusted as necessary by the Contractor to accommodate actual field conditions and shall be specifically denoted as “field adjusted” on the working drawings. Failure on the part of the Contractor to so denote field adjustments on the working drawings shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to accommodate and incorporate such existing conditions into the finished work. (c) Working Drawings The Contractor shall furnish working drawings to the extent, detail and number as may be required by the Contract requirements. The Contractor shall submit to the Department for review nine sets of required working drawings unless otherwise indicated in the Contract re37 105.10 quirements. Working drawings and submittals shall be identified by the complete state project and job designation number, as well as the federal project number if applicable. Items or component materials shall be identified by the specific contract item number and Specification reference in the Contract. Any changes from the requirements of the Contract shall be specifically denoted, together with justification, and submitted to the Engineer for review. Working drawings shall be submitted in sufficient time to allow for review, discussion and correction prior to the beginning of the work they reference. Work shall not be performed or materials ordered prior to the completion of the Department’s review of the working drawings. Reviewed working drawings will be returned to the Contractor within 30 days from the date of receipt by the Department. If a railroad, municipality, or other entity as specified in the Contract or on the plans is required to review the working drawings, the reviewed working drawings will be returned within 45 days from the date of receipt by the Department. If the working drawings are not returned by the time specified, no additional compensation will be allowed except that an extension of time in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.04 will be considered if the work element detailed by the working drawings is on the project critical path or involves a controlling item of work. Three sets of working drawings marked with any suggested modifications or comments will be returned to the Contractor. The other sets will be retained by the Department. The Department’s review of the Contractor’s working drawings will relate to conformance to the requirements of the Contract. The review will not relieve the Contractor from responsibility for errors in the working drawings or from complying with the requirements of the Contract for a fully functional finished work item as specified or designed. Deviations from the Contract requirements initiated by the Contractor shall be requested in writing and clearly identified on the working drawings. Explicit supporting justification shall be furnished specifically describing the reason for the requested deviations as well as any impact such deviations shall have on the schedule of work. Failure to address time or other impacts associated with the Contractor’s request will be cause for rejection of the Contractor’s request. Deviations from the Contract requirements shall not be made unless authorized by the Engineer. If authorized by the Engineer, such authorization shall not relieve the Contractor from the responsibility for complying with the requirements of the Contract for a fully functional finished work item as specified or designed. If working drawings detailing a change(s) initiated by the Contractor require more than two resubmissions or revisions, the cost of additional reviews by the Department or its designated representative(s) will be assessed to the Contractor. Upon completion of the work, working drawings indicating the actual as-constructed field conditions, if required or requested, shall be supplied to the Department. The cost of working drawings furnished by the Contractor shall be included in the cost of appropriate contract items. The Contractor may authorize the fabricator in writing to act for him in matters relating to working drawings. Such authorization shall have the force and effect of any other representative of the Contractor’s organization. 38 105.10 (1) Steel Structures Working drawings for steel structures, including metal handrails, shall consist of shop detail, erection, and other working drawings showing details, dimensions, sizes of units, and other information necessary for the fabrication and erection of metal work. Such drawings shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer, holding a valid license to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. (2) Falsework Working drawings for falsework supporting a bridge superstructure shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer, holding a valid license to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. (3) Concrete Structures and Prestressed Concrete Members Working drawings for concrete structures and prestressed concrete members shall provide such details as required for the successful prosecution of the work and which are not included in the plans furnished by the Department. Drawings shall include plans for items such as prestressing strand details and elongation calculations, location of lift points, falsework, bracing, centering, form work, masonry, layout diagrams and bending diagrams for reinforcing steel when necessary or when requested. Such drawings shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer, holding a valid license to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. (4) Lighting, signal and pedestal poles, overhead and bridge mounted sign structures, breakaway support systems, anchor bolts, framing units, panels, and foundations. Prior to fabrication or construction, the Contractor shall submit for review one original and six copies of each working drawing and design calculation for lighting, signal and pedestal poles, overhead and bridge mounted sign structures, breakaway support systems, anchor bolts, framing units, panels, and foundations. All sheets of these submittals shall include the Professional Engineer’s signature and seal. Certification for foundations will be required only when the designs are furnished by the Contractor. The designs shall be in accordance with the specific editions of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals as required in Section 700. Such designs shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer, holding a valid license to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. (5) Reinforced Concrete Pipe When specified, and prior to manufacture of reinforced concrete pipe, the Contractor shall furnish to the Department a certification of the acceptability of the design of such pipe, as determined from a review that has been signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer holding a valid license to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Such certification shall cover 39 105.10 all design data, supporting calculations and materials. Pipe designs previously certified or approved by the Department will not require recertification. 105.11—Conformity with Plans and Specifications Values for materials to be used in the work shall conform to the specified values or range of values specified in the Contract. Less than complete conformity may be tolerated if obtaining exact or complete conformity would not be feasible and if authorized by the Engineer. Permissible tolerances for the elevation of subgrade and finished grade, and for the thickness of the various courses of pavement structure are specified in these Specifications. If permissive tolerances are exceeded or if consistent deviations from the plans or abrupt changes in grade occur, even though within the tolerances, the affected areas shall be reconstructed to conform to the specified tolerance and provide a smooth riding surface. When it is not feasible to reconstruct the areas, payment will be made in accordance with the requirements of the applicable specification for each material placed or adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Section 105.18. When the plans require the finished surface to tie into any structural item whose elevation is fixed, the elevation of the finished surface must coincide with the elevation of the structural item. 105.12—Coordination of Plans, Standard Drawings, Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, and Special Provision Copied Notes The plans, Standard Drawings, these Specifications, supplemental specifications, special provisions, special provision copied notes, and supplementary documents are parts of the Contract. These Contract documents are defined in Section 101 - Definitions. A requirement occurring in one shall be as binding as though occurring in all. They are intended to be complementary and to describe and provide for a complete work. In case of a discrepancy, the following order of priority will apply, with the highest governing item appearing first and the least governing item appearing last: (a) Special provision copied notes. The pay items and pay units listed in the proposal have the same status as special provision copied notes. (b) Special provisions (c) Plans (d) Supplemental Specifications. (e) Specifications (f) Standard Drawings. Calculated dimensions, unless obviously incorrect, will govern over scaled dimensions. Sketches, drawings, general notes and other written information that are not included in special provisions or special provision copied notes used in No Plan and Minimum Plan Concept projects will have the same status as plans. 40 105.13 The Contractor shall not take advantage of any obvious or apparent error or omission in the plans or Specifications. If the Contractor discovers an error or omission, he shall immediately notify the Engineer. The Engineer will then make such corrections and interpretations as may be deemed necessary for fulfilling the intent of the Contract. 105.13—State Force Construction Surveying (a) General Description: This work shall consist of the Department performing all surveying and providing surveying and stakeout sketches and information as detailed herein for the successful prosecution of work as indicated on the plans and as directed by the Engineer. Stakeout work will be in accordance with the details and requirements of the Department’s Survey Manual and the provisions herein. Survey services will be provided to the extent detailed herein for Construction and for Minimum Plan projects. (b) Request for Survey Services: Once the Contractor requests survey services, the Department will begin the requested work within 3 working days. The Contractor shall not expect the Department survey party to work in the field during adverse weather conditions that could be detrimental to the survey equipment or paperwork, therefore the Contractor shall plan the need for such services accordingly. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to preserve all Department furnished centerline or baseline controls, references and location benchmarks. After initial stakeout, an hourly charge equal to the current hourly rate for Department survey services per district will be billed to the Contractor for resetting stakes where the cause for the resetting of such stakes is due to the fault of the Contractor or his operations. This rate will also apply to travel time to and from the project. If the Contractor requests stakes after the initial staking and he is not ready to accommodate such work, the Contractor will be billed the hourly rate for Department survey services per district measured in travel time to and from the project. Such fees will be billed to the Contractor on the next monthly estimate. (c) Contractor Responsibility for Examination of Data: It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to examine all surveying work provided by the Department for accuracy. Should a disagreement involving the accuracy of stakeout or survey work arise during construction, the Contractor shall within 24 hours provide written notice to the Engineer, precisely describing and documenting the discrepancy. The Engineer will determine the validity of the Contractor’s assertion in the notice, respond to the Contractor within 3 working days of receipt of the Contractor’s notice and provide direction on how to proceed. The Engineer will give consideration to an extension of time in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.04 of the Specifications or provide additional compensation as deemed appropriate after documentation and evidence to the Engineer’s satisfaction if the following occurs: 41 105.13 1. There are delays to the project as a result of inaccurate stakeout information provided by the Department where such delays adversely impact the critical path of the work or a controlling item if work or, 2. where extra expense is encountered by the Contractor to correct elements of defective survey work by the Department, and 3. where written notice is provided by the Contractor within the timeframe specified. Failure to furnish written notice of such a discrepancy within the timeframe specified will invalidate any later claim for time impact or costs by the Contractor unless specifically waived by the Engineer. (d) Survey Services Furnished: 1. Construction (C) Projects: a. Survey Stakeout Descriptions: Unless otherwise stated the Department will provide required horizontal and vertical controls for the proper construction stakeout of the project. The Contractor shall preserve all horizontal and vertical controls furnished by the Department. The following surveying work will be performed by the Department: (1) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Construction Cross-Sections: Original location Digital Terrain Model (DTMs) will be provided by the Department and will serve as a basis of payment for earthwork. The Contractor shall be responsible for taking construction DTMs or cross-sections of areas that, in their determination, do not agree with the Department furnished original location DTMs. The Contractor shall submit the disputed DTM information to the Engineer for verification prior to any excavation by the Contractor in these alleged areas of change. The DTM information furnished by the Department and submitted by the Contractor shall be compatible to the Department’s current DTM format. (2) Borrow Pits: All borrow pit DTM’s or cross-sections, originals and finals, will be secured by the Department. The Contractor is encouragd to also secure DTM’s or cross-sections of borrow areas. A claim of discrepancy in borrow volume will not be considered by the Engineer unless survey data was obtained and submitted by the Contractor to substantiate his claim. (3) Horizontal and Vertical Control for Bridges: Certified plats, field notes, coordinates and computations will be furnished to the Contractor by the Department prior to the Contractor beginning work on these structures. (5) Horizontal and Vertical Controls for all Box Culverts, all Pipe Culvert Installations (including single and multiple line installations) with total hydraulic openings equivalent to 12.6 square feet and larger, and for all closed systems such as storm sewers, and sanitary sewers regardless of size: The Department will stake all such installations. Certified Plats will be furnished to the Contractor prior to the Contractor beginning work on these 42 105.13 culvert structures. The notes, coordinates, or computations used to support the platted information will be furnished to the Contractor with the certified plat. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations please refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes will apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic opening. (6) Horizontal and Vertical Control for Pipe Culvert Installations (including single and multiple line installations) having total hydraulic openings equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet: The Department will be responsible for staking horizontal and vertical control for pipe culvert installations having a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet. Sketches will be furnished to the Contractor prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations please refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes shall apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic opening. (7) Horizontal and Vertical Control for additional centerlines or baselines for roadways, ramps, loops and connections: Upon written request from the Contractor the Department will provide horizontal and vertical controls for additional centerlines or baselines for roadways, ramps, loops and connections. (8) Grading and paving construction: The Department will provide fine grade or other grade stakes required for the construction of the project as the work progresses except as stated herein. Fine grade stakes will be set on all projects on which the plans show a definite grade line. Fine grade hubs will be set on at least one side with distances and grades referenced to the finished centerline grade. Typically, on curves, the Department will provide the distances and elevations to each edge of pavement and centerline through the transitions and the distances and elevations to the edge of pavement only (straight-line super) through full super portions of the curve. On projects where grading and paving is performed under the same contract, only one set of fine grade stakes will be provided to the Contractor. Fine grade stakes may be used for fine grade and paving grade. On Secondary Road projects, fine grade stakes will be provided by the Department only on those projects having curb and gutter or as directed by the Engineer. 43 105.13 Special design ditches will be staked with an offset and cut to the centerline of the ditch. Radius points for pavement flares at connections will be staked only if requested by the Contractor. The Department will set all slope stakes. Upon written request from the Contractor cut/fill sheets for slope stakes will be furnished by the Department to the Contractor within 3 working days of the survey party’s arrival at the project site or a timeframe agreed upon by the Contractor and the Engineer after reviewing the length and complexity of the project. (9) Right of way and boundary stakeout affecting property ownership: Right of Way will be staked by the Department prior to the start of the project. Right of way stakes will be placed at a minimum of 100-foot intervals on each side of the roadway or as directed by the Engineer and the stakes will be marked with both the station and offset back to centerline. All final boundary stakeout will be performed by the Department’s survey party. (10) Setting right-of-way monuments: Final right of way monumentation will be performed by the Department in accordance with the following: a) RM-1: The Department will furnish and install RM-1 right-of-way monuments in accordance with the Road and Bridge Standards. b) RM-2: The Department will furnish and install RM-2 right-of-way monuments and optional locator posts, including the required caps, in accordance with the Road and Bridge Standards. c) Other monumentation: The Department will determine if an alternative form of permanent monumentation will be used if RM-1 or RM-2 monuments are unsuitable for marking the right-of-way at various locations. The Department will indicate this alternative monument usage on the final as-built plan in accordance with the Department’s Survey Manual. Where available, electronic data files along with paper sketches and drawings will be furnished by the Department when requested in writing by the Contractor. All electronic data files furnished to the Contractor will be in the format of the Department’s current computer hardware and software or a format fully compatible with such hardware and software. Additional surveying work and supplemental layout work shall be performed by the Contractor as needed to successfully complete the work. The Contractor shall provide and protect temporary construction benchmarks within the construction limits. Temporary construction benchmarks shall be located not farther than 500 feet apart for the total length of the project or as indicated on the plans. Temporary construction benchmarks that are disturbed during construction operations shall be reestablished by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Department. All drawings, field notes, and computations from such survey work performed by the Contractor shall be submitted to the Engineer. 2. Minimum Plan (M) Projects: 44 105.13 a. Survey Stakeout Descriptions: Unless otherwise stated, the Department will provide required horizontal and vertical control for the proper construction stakeout of the project. The Contractor shall preserve all horizontal and vertical controls furnished by the Department. The following surveying work will be performed by the Department: (1) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Construction Cross-Sections: “M” projects are based on plan quantities; therefore DTM and construction crosssections are not required, except for borrow pits. Should the Engineer determine at any time that an actual measurement is warranted, the Department will make the necessary measurement in the field. (2) Borrow Pits: All borrow pit DTM’s, originals and finals, will be secured by the Department. The Contractor is encouraged to also secure DTM’s or cross-sections of borrow areas. A claim of discrepancy in borrow volume will not be considered by the Engineer unless survey data was obtained by the Contractor to substantiate his claim. (3) Horizontal and vertical control for bridges: Certified plats, field notes, coordinates and computations will be furnished to the Contractor prior to the Contractor beginning work on these structures. (4) Horizontal and Vertical Control for all Box Culverts, all Pipe Culvert Installations (including single and multiple line installations) with a total hydraulic openings equivalent to 12.6 square feet and larger, and for all closed systems such as storm sewers, and sanitary sewers regardless of size: The Department will stake all such installations. Certified Plats for these stakeouts will be furnished to the Contractor prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. The notes, or computations used to support the platted information will be furnished to the Contractor with the certified plat. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations please refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes will apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic openings. (5) Horizontal and Verticals Control for Pipe Culvert installations (including single and multiple line installations) having total hydraulic openings equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet: The Department will be responsible for staking horizontal and vertical controls for pipe culvert installations having a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet. Sketches will be furnished to the Contractor prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations please refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes will apply to the total areas of the number 45 105.13 of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic opening. (6) Grading and paving construction: The Department will provide fine grade or other grade stakes required for the construction of all projects except as stated herein as the work progresses. Slope stakes are not required on “M” projects Fine grade stakes will be set on all projects on which the plans show a definite grade line. Fine grade hubs will be set on at least one side with distances and grades referenced to the finished centerline grade. Typically, on curves, the Department will provide the distances and elevations to each edge of pavement and centerline through the transitions and the distances and elevations to the edge of pavement only (straight-line super) through full super portions of the curve. On projects where grading and paving is performed under the same contract, only one set of fine grade stakes will be provided by the Department. Fine grade stakes may be used for fine grade and paving grade. On Secondary Road projects, fine grade stakes will be provided by the Department only on those projects having curb and gutter or as directed by the Engineer. Special design ditches will be staked with an offset and cut to the centerline of the ditch. Radius points for pavement flares at connections will be staked only if requested by the Contractor. (7) Right of way and boundary stakeout affecting property ownership: Right of Way will be staked by the Department prior to the start of the job. Right of way stakes will be placed at a minimum of 100-foot intervals on each side of the roadway or as directed by the Engineer and the stakes will be marked with both the station and offset back to centerline. All final boundary stakeout will be performed by the Department survey party. (8) Setting right-of-way monuments: Final right of way monumentation will be performed by the Department in accordance with the following: a) RM-1: The Department will furnish and install RM-1 right-of-way monuments in accordance with the Road and Bridge Standards. b) RM-2: The Department will furnish and install RM-2 right-of-way monuments and optional locator posts, including the required caps, in accordance with the Road and Bridge Standards. c) Other monumentation: The Department will determine if an alternative form of permanent monumentation will be used if RM-1 or RM-2 monuments are unsuitable for marking the right-of-way at various locations. The Department will indicate this alternative monument usage on the final as-built plan in accordance with the Department’s Survey Manual. 46 105.14 105.14—Maintenance During Construction The Contractor shall prosecute his work so as to avoid obstructions to traffic to the greatest extent practicable. The Contractor shall provide for the safety and convenience of the general public and residents along the roadway and the protection of persons and property. Highways closed to traffic shall be protected by barricades and other warning devices as required by the Engineer. Barricades and warning devices shall be illuminated where required during periods of darkness and low visibility. The Contractor shall erect warning devices in advance of a location on the project where operations or obstructions may interfere with the use of the road by traffic and at all intermediate points where the new work crosses or coincides with an existing roadway. The Contractor shall maintain sign faces and reflective surfaces of warning devices in a clean and visible condition. The Contractor shall cover or remove signs when the messages thereon are not applicable. Barricades, warning signs, lights, temporary signals, and other protective devices shall conform to the requirements of Section 512. The Contractor shall maintain the work from the beginning of construction operations until final acceptance. Maintenance shall be inherent to the continuous and effective work prosecuted day by day with adequate equipment and forces to such end that the roadway and structures are sustained in a safe and satisfactory condition at all times. When a Contract specifies placing a course on another course or subgrade previously constructed, the Contractor shall maintain the previous course or subgrade in accordance with the contract requirements during all construction operations. The road shall be kept open to all traffic while undergoing improvements, unless otherwise permitted in the Contract. The Contractor shall keep the portion of the project being used by public, pedestrian, and vehicular traffic in such condition that traffic will be safely and adequately accommodated. However, removal of snow and control of ice on roads open to public travel will be performed by the Department. The Contractor shall bear all costs of performing maintenance work before final acceptance and of constructing and maintaining necessary approaches, crossings, intersections, and other features without direct compensation except as provided for herein. When the Contractor confines his operation to the surface of the roadway and reasonable width of the shoulder and the surface is disturbed or damaged by his operations or equipment, he shall be responsible for the restoration and maintenance of the surface that is disturbed or damaged. The Contractor shall keep the portions of the road being used by the public free from irregularities and obstructions that could present a hazard or annoyance to traffic. When directed by the Engineer, allaying of dust shall be performed and paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 511. Holes in hard surface pavements shall be filled with approved asphalt patching material. (a) Detours: Detours may be indicated on the plans or in the special provisions or may be used with the approval of the Engineer. Unless otherwise designated in the contract, the Contractor will furnish and erect all directional markings for through traffic on off-project detours authorized or requested by the Engineer. Detours over existing state roads will be designated, marked, and maintained by the Contractor. If any project is located wholly or in part within the corporate limits of a municipality and through traffic is to be detoured at the request of the municipality, the municipality will provide and maintain the detours within the corporate limits and will furnish and erect all directional markings. The provision of detours 47 105.14 and marking of alternate routes will not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for ensuring the safety of the public or from complying with any requirements of these Specifications affecting the rights of the public within his contract limits, including those concerning lights and barricades. Maintenance of all other detours shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Right of way for temporary highways, diversion channels, sediment and erosion control features or bridges required by these provisions will be furnished by the Department. (b) Maintenance of Traffic During Suspension of Work: During any suspension of work, the Contractor shall temporarily open to traffic such portions of the project and temporary roadways as may be agreed upon by the Contractor and Engineer. (c) Flagging Traffic: Certified flaggers shall be provided in sufficient number and locations as necessary for control and protection of vehicular and pedestrian traffic in accordance with the requirements of the Virginia Work Area Protection Manual (VWAPM). Flaggers shall be able to communicate to the traveling public in English while performing the job duty as a flagger at the flagger station. Flaggers shall use sign paddles to regulate traffic in accordance with the requirements of the VWAPM. Certification for flaggers will be awarded upon a candidate’s satisfactory completion of an examination. Certification cards shall be carried by flaggers while performing flagging duties. Flaggers found not to be in possession of their certification card shall be removed from the flagging site and operations requiring flagging will be suspended by the Engineer. Further, flaggers performing duties improperly will have their certifications revoked. (d) Delays: Unless indicated in the Contract Documents or otherwise approved by the Engineer, two-way traffic shall be maintained at all times. The Contractor shall not stop traffic without permission of the Engineer. If one-way traffic is approved, the Contractor shall provide flaggers to direct the traffic. When specified in the Contract as a pay item, pilot vehicles shall be furnished in accordance with the requirements of Section 512. Upon request from the Contractor and where deemed appropriate by the Department, the Department will install traffic signals that may be used for the control of one-way traffic. The Contractor shall pay the costs of installation, electrical service, maintenance or repair work, and a predetermined rental charge per day for the signals and removal when no longer needed. (e) Connections and Entrances: Connections with other roads and public and private entrances shall be kept in a reasonably smooth condition at all times. Stabilization or surfacing material shall be applied to connections and entrances. When specified in the Contract, such material will be paid for at the contract unit price for the specific material. Where such material is not specified in the Contract and determined to be required by the Engineer, the cost for stabilization or surfacing material will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Section 109.05. The Contractor shall schedule construction operations so that approved continuous access is provided for all property adjacent to the construction when the property is shown on the plans to require access. When frontage roads are shown on the plans, they shall be con48 105.14 structed prior to the closing of any access routes unless other approved access is provided and is acceptable to the property owner. Connections or entrances shall not be disturbed by the Contractor until necessary. Once connections or entrances have been disturbed, they shall be maintained and completed as follows: 1. Connections: Connections that had an original paved surface shall be brought to a grade that will smoothly and safely accommodate vehicular traffic through the intersection, using temporary pavement as soon as practicable after connections are disturbed. Connections that had an original unpaved surface shall be brought to a grade that will smoothly and safely accommodate vehicular traffic through the intersection, using either the required material or a temporary aggregate stabilization course that shall be placed as soon as practicable after connections are disturbed. If there are delays in prosecution of work for connections, connections that were originally paved shall have at least two lanes maintained with a temporary paved surface. Those that were not originally paved shall be maintained with a temporary aggregate stabilization course. 2. Entrances: Entrances shall be graded concurrently with the roadway with which they intersect. Once an entrance has been disturbed, it shall be completed as soon as is practicable, including placing the required base and surface course or stabilization. If the entrance must be constructed in stages, such as when there is a substantial change in the elevation of the roadway with which it intersects, the surface shall be covered with a temporary aggregate stabilization course or other suitable salvaged material until the entrance can be completed and the required base and surface or stabilization course can be placed. (f) Grading Operations: When the Contractor elects to complete the rough grading operations for the entire project or exceed the length of one full day’s surfacing operations, the rough grade shall be machined to a uniform slope from the top edge of the existing pavement to the ditch line. When the surface is to be widened on both sides of the existing pavement, construction operations involving grading or paving shall not be conducted simultaneously on sections directly opposite each other. The surface of pavement shall be kept free from soil and other materials that might be hazardous to traffic. Prior to opening of new pavement to traffic, shoulders shall be roughly dressed for a distance of 3 feet from the edge of the paved surface. (g) Obstruction Crossing Roadways: Where the Contractor places obstructions such as suction or discharge pipes, pump hoses, steel plates or any other obstruction that must be crossed by vehicular traffic, they shall be bridged as directed by the Engineer at the Contractor’s expense. Traffic shall be protected by the display of warning devices both day and night. If operations or obstructions placed by the Contractor damage an existing traveled roadway, the Contractor shall cease operations and repair damages to the roadway at no additional cost to the Department. 49 105.14 (h) Patching Operations: Where existing hydraulic cement concrete pavement is to be patched, the operation of breaking and excavating old pavement shall extend for a distance of not more than two miles. Patching shall be coordinated with excavating so that an area of not more than one-half mile in which excavated patches are located shall be left at the end of any day’s work. Necessary precautions shall be taken to protect traffic during patching operations. (i) Temporary Structures: The Contractor shall construct, maintain, and remove temporary structures and approaches necessary for use by traffic. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the cost of these operations shall be included in pay items for the new structure. After new structures have been opened to traffic, temporary structures and approaches shall be removed. The materials contained therein shall remain the property of the Contractor. The proposed design of temporary structures shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to the beginning of construction in accordance with the requirements of Section 105.10. (j) Failure To Maintain Roadway or Structures: If the Contractor fails to remedy unsatisfactory maintenance immediately after receipt of a notice by the Engineer, the Engineer may proceed with adequate forces, equipment, and material to maintain the project. The cost of the maintenance, plus 25 percent for supervisory and administrative personnel, will be deducted from monies due the Contractor for the project. (k) Haul Route: The Contractor shall select haul routes between the project and material source(s) that will minimize disturbance to the community. The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer, for review, his plan for the haul route and for minimizing the adverse effects of hauling operations on persons who reside adjacent to the haul route or persons who otherwise use a portion of the haul route for ingress or egress to their residential or work area. The Department may select alternate haul routes, divide the hauling traffic over several routes, and impose other restrictions deemed necessary to minimize the impact of the hauling operation on local residents. (l) Opening Sections of Projects to Traffic When specified in the Contract or when directed by the Engineer, certain sections of the work may be opened to traffic. Such opening shall not constitute acceptance of the work or any part thereof or a waiver of any provision of the Contract. On any section of the work opened by order of the Engineer where the Contract does not provide for traffic to be carried through the work the Contractor will not be required to assume any expense entailed in maintaining the road for traffic. Such expense will be borne by the Department or will be compensated for in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05. Repair of slides and repair of damage attributable to traffic will be compensated for in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05. Slides shall be removed by the Contractor in accordance with the requirements of Section 303. On any section of the work opened by order of the Engineer where the Contract does not provide for traffic to be carried through the work, any additional cost for the completion of other items of work that are required because of the changed working conditions will be compensated in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05. 50 105.16 If the Contractor is not continuously prosecuting the work to the satisfaction of the Engineer, he shall not be relieved of the responsibility for maintenance during the period the section is opened to traffic prior to final acceptance. Any expense resulting from the opening of such portions under these circumstances, except slides, shall be borne by the Contractor. The Contractor shall conduct the remainder of the construction operations so as to cause the least obstruction to traffic. 105.15—Removing and Disposing of Structures and Obstructions The Contractor shall remove and dispose of or store, as directed by the Engineer, fences, buildings, structures, or encumbrances within the construction limits unless separate pay items for this work are included in the Contract. Payment for these operations will be in accordance with the requirements of Section 301.03. Materials so removed, including existing drains or pipe culverts, shall become the property of the Contractor, with the exception of those materials to be stored or delivered to the Department or others as designated in the Contract. (a) Signs: The Contractor shall relocate all signs within the construction limits that conflict with construction work as approved by the Engineer. Signs that are not needed for the safe and orderly control of traffic during construction as determined by the Engineer shall be removed and stored at a designated location within the project limits. The removed signs shall be stored above ground in a manner that will preclude damage and shall be reinstalled in their permanent locations prior to final acceptance. If any of the removed signs are not to be reinstalled, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer at the time the signs have been properly stored. Such signs will be removed from the storage area by the Department. Any sign that is damaged or lost because of the fault of the Contractor shall be repaired or replaced at his expense. Costs for removing, storing, protecting, and reinstalling such signs shall be included in the price bid for other items in the Contract, and no additional compensation will be made. (b) Mailboxes and Newspaper Boxes: When removal of mailboxes and newspaper boxes is made necessary by construction operations, the Contractor shall place them in temporary locations so that access to them will not be impaired. Prior to final acceptance, boxes shall be placed in their permanent locations as designated by the Engineer and left in as good condition as when found. Boxes or their supports that are damaged through negligence on the part of the Contractor shall be replaced at his expense. The cost of removing and resetting boxes shall be as specified in the Contract. 105.16—Cleanup Removal from the project of rubbish, scrap material, and debris caused by the Contractor’s personnel or construction operations shall be a continuing process throughout the course of the work. The work site shall have a neat, safe and orderly appearance at all times. Before final acceptance, the highway, borrow pits, quarries, disposal areas, storage areas, and all ground occupied by the Contractor in connection with the work shall be cleaned of rubbish, surplus materials, and temporary structures, except in the case where the property is owned or controlled by the Contractor. All parts of the work shall be left in a neat, safe and orderly condition. 51 105.16 Within 30 days after final acceptance, the Contractor shall remove his equipment, materials and debris from the right of way and property adjacent to the project that he does not own or control. 105.17—Inspection of Work Inspection will be performed at critical stages. However, all stages, materials, and details of the work are subject to inspection. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer and Inspectors with full and safe access to all parts of the work and shall be furnished such information and assistance by the Contractor as are required to make a complete, timely and detailed inspection. The Engineer and his appointed representatives shall have ready access to machines and plant equipment used in processing or placing materials. Prior to the beginning of operations, the Engineer will meet with the Contractor to establish an understanding of the critical stages of work that shall be performed in the presence of the Inspector. In order for the Department to schedule inspection of the work, the Contractor shall keep the Engineer informed of planned operations in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.03 If the Engineer requests it, the Contractor shall remove or uncover such portions of the finished work as may be directed at any time before final acceptance. The Contractor shall restore such portions of the work to comply with the appropriate contract specification requirements. If the work exposed is acceptable, the uncovering or removing and replacing the covering or making good the parts removed will be paid for as extra work in accordance with the requirements of Section 104.03. If the work is unacceptable, the cost of uncovering or removing and replacing the covering or making good the parts removed shall be borne by the Contractor. When any unit of government, political subdivision, or public or private corporation is to pay a portion of the cost of the work specified in the Contract, its representatives shall have the right to inspect the work. The exercise of this right shall not be construed as making them a party or parties to the Contract or conferring on them the right to issue instructions or orders to the Contractor. If materials are used or work is performed without inspection by an authorized representative of the Department, the Contractor may be ordered to remove and replace the work or material at his own expense unless the Department’s representative failed to inspect the work or material after having been given reasonable notice in writing that the material was to be used or the work was to be performed. If an inspection reveals that work has not been properly performed, the Contractor will be so advised and he shall immediately inform the Department of his schedule for correcting such work and the time when a reinspection can be made. 105.18—Removal of Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work Work that does not conform to the requirements of the Contract will be considered unacceptable work. Unacceptable work shall be remedied or removed as determined by the Engineer and replaced in an acceptable manner at the Contractor’s expense. The Engineer may accept the work at a reduced price when acceptance is considered to be in the best interest of the public. 52 105.19 Work that is done contrary to the instructions of the Engineer, contrary to the requirements of the Contract, beyond the lines shown on the plans or as designated by the Engineer except as specified herein, or without authority will be considered unauthorized and will not be paid for. Such work may be ordered removed or replaced at the Contractor’s expense. The Contractor shall not perform destructive sampling or testing of the work without written authorization of the Engineer. Unauthorized destructive sampling or testing will cause the work to be considered unacceptable. In the event the Contractor is granted authorization to perform destructive sampling or testing, the Contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer for the method and location of each test prior to beginning such sampling or testing. In addition, destructive sampling and testing shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer. If the Contractor fails to comply immediately with any order of the Engineer made under the provisions of this Section, the Engineer will have the authority to cause unacceptable work to be removed and replaced and to deduct the cost from any monies due or to become due the Contractor. 105.19—Submission and Disposition of Claims Early or prior knowledge by the Department of an existing or impending claim for damages could alter the plans, scheduling, or other action of the Department or result in mitigation or elimination of the effect of the act objected to by the Contractor. Therefore, a written statement describing the act of omission or commission by the Department or its agents that allegedly caused damage to the Contractor and the nature of the claimed damage shall be submitted to the Engineer at the time of each and every occurrence that the Contractor feels gives it the right to make a claim or prior to the beginning of the work upon which a claim and any subsequent action will be based. The written statement shall clearly inform the Department that it is a “notice of intent to file a claim.” If such damage is deemed certain in the opinion of the Contractor to result from his acting on an order from the Engineer, he shall immediately take written exception to the order. Submission of a notice of intent to file a claim as specified shall be mandatory. Failure to submit such notice of intent shall be a conclusive waiver to such claim for damages by the Contractor. An oral notice or statement will not be sufficient nor will a notice or statement after the event. In addition, at the time of each and every occurrence that the Contractor feels gives it the right to make a claim or prior to beginning the work upon which a claim and any subsequent action will be based, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer an itemized list of materials, equipment, and labor for which additional compensation will be claimed. Only actual cost for materials, labor and equipment will be considered. The Contractor shall afford the Engineer every facility for keeping an actual cost record of the work. The Contractor and the Engineer shall compare records and bring them into agreement at the end of each day. Failure on the part of the Contractor to afford the Engineer proper facilities for keeping a record of actual costs will constitute a waiver of a claim for such extra compensation except to the extent that it is substantiated by the Department’s records. The filing of such notice of intent by the Contractor and the keeping of cost records by the Engineer shall in no way establish the validity of a claim. Upon completion of the Contract, the Contractor may, within 60 days after the final estimate date established by the Department pursuant to Virginia Code, § 33.1-386, deliver to the Department a written claim, which must be a signed original claim document along with three legible copies of the claim document, for the amount he deems he is entitled to under the Contract. For the purpose of this 53 105.19 Section, the final estimate date shall be that date set forth in a letter from the Department to the Contractor sent by certified mail and shall be considered as the date of notification of the Department’s final estimate. Regardless of the manner of delivery of the claim, the Department must receive and have physical possession of the Contractor’s written claim within the 60 day period that commences with the final estimate date. Submittals received by the Department either before the final estimate date or after the 60 day period shall not have standing as a claim The claim shall set forth the facts upon which the claim is based. The Contractor shall include all pertinent data and correspondence that may substantiate the claim. Only actual cost for materials, labor and equipment will be considered. If the Contractor makes a claim, the Department shall have the right, at its expense, to review and copy all of the Contractor’s non-privileged project files and documents, both electronic and paper, for use in analyzing the claim. Within 90 days from the receipt of the claim, the Department will make an investigation and notify the Contractor by certified mail of its decision. However, by mutual agreement, the Department and Contractor may extend the 90-day period for another 30 days. If the Contractor is dissatisfied with the decision, he shall notify the Commissioner in writing within 30 days from receipt of the Department’s decision that he desires to appear before him, whether in person or through counsel, and present additional facts and arguments in support of his claim. The Commissioner will schedule and meet with the Contractor within 30 days after receiving the request. However, the Commissioner and Contractor, by mutual agreement, may schedule the meeting to be held after 30 days but before the 60th day from the receipt of the Contractor’s written request. Within 45 days from the date of the meeting, the Commissioner will investigate the claim, including the additional facts presented, and notify the Contractor in writing of his decision. However, the Commissioner and Contractor, by mutual agreement, may extend the 45-day period for another 30 days. If the Commissioner deems that all or any portion of a claim is valid, he shall have the authority to negotiate a settlement with the Contractor subject to any approvals required by the Code of Virginia. Any monies that become payable as the result of claim settlement after payment of the final estimate will not be subject to payment of interest unless such payment is specified as a condition of the claim settlement. The Contractor shall submit a certification with any claim using the following format: Pursuant to Code of Virginia, I hereby certify that this contract claim submission for Virginia Department of Transportation Project in County, Virginia is a true and accurate representation of additional costs and/or delays incurred by (name of Contractor) in the performance of the required contract work. Any statements made, and known to be false, shall be considered a violation of the Virginia Governmental Frauds Act, punishable as allowed by the Virginia Code for a Class 6 Felony. (Company) By: As officer or duly appointed agent of (Company) Title: Date: State Of: 54 106.01 City/County of , To-Wit: I, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for the City/ County and State aforesaid, do hereby certify that , whose name is signed to the foregoing instrument, bearing date of the day of , 20 , has this day acknowledged the same before me in my City/ County and State aforesaid. Given under my hand this day of , 20 . Notary Public: My commission expires: Claims submitted during the statutory period for submitting contract claims and submitted without the certification described above shall not have standing as a claim and shall not be considered by the Department. SECTION 106—CONTROL OF MATERIAL 106.01—Source of Supply and Quality Requirements The materials used throughout the work shall conform to the requirements of the Contract. The Contractor shall regulate his supplies so that there will be a sufficient quantity of tested material on hand at all times to prevent any delay of work. Except as otherwise specified, materials, equipment, and components that are to be incorporated into the finished work shall be new. Within 30 days after notification of award of the Contract, but not later than 7 days prior to the beginning of construction operations under the Contract, the Contractor shall file a statement of the known origin, composition and manufacture of all materials to be used in the work, including optional or alternate items. Material requirements not previously reported shall be submitted at least 60 days prior to their use on the project, but not less than two weeks prior to delivery. The Contractor’s statement shall be electronically submitted by use of Form C-25 and shall be identified by the complete project number, and all items or component materials shall be identified by the specific contract item number and the Specification reference shown in the Contract. At the option of the Engineer, materials may be approved at the source of supply. If it is found during the life of the Contract that previously approved sources of supply do not supply materials or equipment conforming to the requirements of the Contract, do not furnish the valid test data required to document the quality of the material or equipment, or do not furnish documentation to validate quantities to document payment, the Contractor shall change the source of supply and furnish material or equipment from other approved sources. The Contractor shall notify the Department of this change, and provide the same identifying information noted in this Section, at least 60 days prior to their use on the project, but not less than two weeks prior to delivery. Materials shall not contain toxic, hazardous, or regulated solid wastes or be furnished from a source containing toxic, hazardous or regulated solid wastes. When optional materials are included in the Contract, the Contractor shall advise the Engineer in writing of the specific materials selected. Thereafter, the Contractor shall use the selected materials 55 106.01 throughout the project unless a change is authorized in writing by the Engineer. However, when the Contractor has an option as to the type of pipe that may be used, he may use any of the approved types for each size of pipe, but he shall use the same type for a particular line. The Engineer may authorize other types and sources in an emergency that will not unreasonably delay delivery of the selected material. Equipment and material guaranties or warranties that are normally given by a manufacturer or supplier, or are otherwise required in the Contract, shall be obtained by the Contractor and assigned to the Commonwealth in writing. The Contractor shall also provide an in-service operation guaranty on all mechanical and electrical equipment and related components for a period of at least six months, beginning on the date of partial acceptance of that specific item(s) or final acceptance of the project. 106.02—Material Delivery The Contractor shall advise the Engineer at least 2 weeks prior to the delivery of any material from a commercial source. Upon delivery of any such material to the project, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with one copy of all invoices (prices are not required). The following materials shall also comply with the requirements of Section 109.01: asphalt concrete; dense graded aggregate, to include aggregate base, subbase, and select material; fine aggregate; open graded coarse aggregate; crusher run aggregate; and road stabilization aggregate. The printed weights of each load of these materials, as specified in Section 109.01, shall accompany the delivery, and such information shall be furnished to the Inspector at the project. 106.03—Local Material Sources (Pits and Quarries) The requirements set forth herein apply exclusively to non-commercial pits and quarries from which materials are obtained for use on contracts awarded by the Department. Local material sources shall be concealed from view from the completed roadway and any existing public roadway. Concealment shall be accomplished by selectively locating the pit or quarry and spoil pile, providing environmentally compatible screening between the pit or quarry site and the roadway, or using the site for another purpose after removal of the material, or restoration equivalent to the original use (such as farm land, pasture, turf, etc.). The foregoing requirements shall also apply to any pit or quarry opened or reopened by a subcontractor or supplier. However, the requirements will not apply to commercial sand and gravel and quarry operations actively processing material at the site prior to the date of the Notice of Advertisement. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a statement signed by the property owner in which the property owner agrees to the use of his property as a source of material for the project. Upon completion of the use of the property as a material source, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a release signed by the property owner indicating that the property has been satisfactorily restored. This requirement will be waived for commercial sources, sources owned by the Contractor, and sources furnished by the Department. Local material pits and quarries that are not operated under a local or State permit shall not be opened or reopened without authorization by the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit for approval a site plan, including, but not limited to, the following (1) the location and approximate boundaries of the excavation; 56 106.03 (2) procedures to minimize erosion and siltation; (3) provision of environmentally compatible screening; (4) restoration; (5) cover vegetation; (6) other use of the pit or quarry after removal of material, including the spoil pile; (7) the drainage pattern on and away from the area of land affected, including the directional flow of water and a certification with appropriate calculations that verify all receiving channels are in compliance with Minimum Standard 19 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations; (8) location of haul roads and stabilized construction entrances if construction equipment will enter a paved roadway; (9) constructed or natural waterways used for discharge; (10) a sequence and schedule to achieve the approved plan and; (11) the total drainage area for temporary sediment traps and basins shall be shown. Sediment traps are required if the runoff from a watershed area of less than three acres flows across a disturbed area. Sediment basins are required if the runoff from a watershed area of three acres or more flows across a disturbed area. The Contractor shall certify that the sediment trap or basin design is in compliance with VDOT Standards and Specifications, and all local, state, and federal laws. Once a sediment trap or basin is constructed, the dam and all outfall areas shall be immediately stabilized. The Contractor’s design and restoration shall be in accordance with the Contract requirements and in accordance with the requirements of the federal, state, and local laws and regulations. If the approved plan provides for the continued use or other use of the pit or quarry beyond the date of final acceptance, the Contractor shall furnish the Department a bond made payable to the Commonwealth of Virginia in an amount equal to the Engineer’s estimate of the cost of performing the restoration work. If the pit or quarry is not used in accordance with the approved plan within 8 months after final acceptance, the Contractor shall perform restoration work as directed by the Engineer, forfeit his bond, or furnish the Engineer with evidence that he has complied with the applicable requirements of the State Mining Law. Topsoil on Department owned or furnished borrow sites shall be stripped and stockpiled as directed by the Engineer for use as needed within the construction limits of the project or in the reclamation of borrow and disposal areas. If payment is to be made for material measured in its original position, material shall not be removed until Digital Terrain Model (DTM) or cross-sections have been taken. The material shall be reserved exclusively for use on the project until completion of the project or until final DTM or cross-sections have been taken. 57 106.03 If the Contractor fails to provide necessary controls to prevent erosion and siltation, if such efforts are not made in accordance with the approved sequence, or if the efforts are found to be inadequate the Department will withdraw approval for the use of the site and may cause the Contractor to cease all contributing operations and direct his efforts toward corrective action or may perform the work with state forces or other means as determined by the Engineer. If the work is not performed by the Contractor, the cost of performing the work, plus 25 percent for supervisory and administrative personnel, will be deducted from monies due the Contractor. Costs for applying seed, fertilizer, lime, and mulch; restoration; drainage; erosion and siltation control; regrading; haul roads; and screening shall be included in the Contract price for the type of excavation or other appropriate items. If the Contractor fails to fulfill the provisions of the approved plan for screening or restoring material sources, the Department may withhold and use for the purpose of performing such work any monies due the Contractor at the time of the final estimate. The Contractor shall be held liable for penalties, fines, or damages incurred by the Department as a result of his failure to prevent erosion or siltation and take restorative action. After removing the material, the Contractor shall remove metal, lumber, and other debris resulting from his operations and shall shape and landscape the area in accordance with the approved plan for such work. (a) Sources Furnished by the Department: Sources furnished by the Department will be made available to the Contractor together with the right to use such property as may be required for a plant site, stockpiles, and haul roads. The Contractor shall confine his excavation operations to those areas of the property specified in the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for excavation that shall be performed in order to furnish the specified material. (b) Sources Furnished by the Contractor: When the Contractor desires to use local material from sources other than those furnished by the Department, he shall first secure the approval of the Engineer. The use of material from such sources will not be permitted until test results have been approved by the Engineer and written authority for its use has been issued. The Contractor shall acquire the necessary rights to take material from sources he locates and shall pay all related costs, including costs that may result from an increase in the length of the haul. Costs of exploring, sampling, testing, and developing such sources shall be borne by the Contractor. The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from at least two borings in parcels of 10 acres or less and at least three additional borings per increment of 5 acres or portion thereof to ensure that lateral changes in material are recorded. Drill logs for each test shall include a soil description and the moisture content at intervals where a soil change is observed or at least every 5 feet of depth for consistent material. Samples obtained from the boring shall be tested by an approved laboratory for grading, Atterberg limits, CBR, maximum density, and optimum moisture. The Department will review and evaluate the material based on test results provided by the Contractor. The Department will reject any material from a previously approved source that fails a visual examination or whose test results show that it does not conform to the Specifications or specific contract requirements. 58 106.04 106.04—Disposal Areas Unsuitable or surplus material shown on the plans shall be disposed of as specified herein. Material not used on the project shall be disposed of by the Contractor off the right of way. The Contractor shall obtain the necessary rights to property to be used as an approved disposal area. For the purpose of this Specification an approved disposal area is defined as that which is owned privately, not operated under a local or State permit and has been approved by the Department for use in disposing of material not used on the project. When neither unsuitable nor surplus material is shown on the plans, the Contractor shall dispose of it as shown herein. If the Contractor, having shown reasonable effort, is unsuccessful in obtaining the necessary rights to property to be used as an approved disposal area, the Department will obtain rights for disposal unless otherwise provided for in the contract. Compensation, if not shown in the Contract, will be in accordance with the requirements of Section 104.02. Prior to the Department approving a disposal area, the Contractor shall submit a site plan. The plan shall show: (1) the location and approximate boundaries of the disposal area; (2) procedures to minimize erosion and siltation; (3) provision of environmentally compatible screening; (4) restoration; (5) cover vegetation; (6) other use of the disposal site; (7) the drainage pattern on and away from the area of land affected, including the directional flow of water and a certification with appropriate calculations that verify all receiving channels are in compliance with Minimum Standard 19 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations; (8) location of haul roads and stabilized construction entrances if construction equipment will enter a paved roadway; (9) constructed or natural waterways used for discharge; (10) a sequence and schedule to achieve the approved plan and; (11) the total drainage area for temporary sediment traps and basins shall be shown. Sediment traps are required if the runoff from a watershed area of less than three acres flows across a disturbed area. Sediment basins are required if the runoff from a watershed area of three acres or more flows across a disturbed area. The Contractor shall certify that the sediment trap or basin design is in compliance with VDOT Standards and Specifications, all local, state, and federal laws. Once a sediment trap or basin is constructed, the dam and all outfall areas shall be immediately stabilized. 59 106.04 Disposal areas shall be cleared but need not be grubbed. The clearing work shall not damage grass, shrubs, or vegetation outside the limits of the approved area and haul roads thereto. After the material has been deposited, the area shall be shaped to minimize erosion and siltation of nearby streams and landscaped in accordance with the approved plan for such work or shall be used as approved by the Engineer. The Contractor’s design and restoration shall conform to the requirements of the contract and federal, state, and local laws and regulations. If the Contractor fails to provide and maintain necessary controls to prevent erosion and siltation, if such efforts are not made in accordance with the approved sequence, or if the efforts are found to be inadequate, the Department will withdraw approval for the use of the site and may cause the Contractor to cease all contributing operations and direct his efforts toward corrective action or may perform the work with state forces or other means as determined by the Engineer. If the work is not performed by the Contractor, the cost of performing the work, plus 25 percent for supervisory and administrative personnel, will be deducted from monies due the Contractor. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a statement signed by the property owner in which the owner agrees to the use of his property for the deposit of material from the project. Upon completion of the use of the property as an approved disposal area, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a release signed by the property owner indicating that the property has been satisfactorily restored. This requirement will be waived for commercial sources, sources owned by the Contractor, and sources furnished by the Department. Material encountered by the Contractor shall be handled as follows: (a) Unsuitable material for the purpose of this Specification is defined as material having poor bearing capacity, excessive moisture content, extreme plasticity or other characteristics as defined by the Engineer that makes it unacceptable for use in the work and shall be disposed of at an approved disposal area or landfill licensed to receive such material. (b) Surplus material as shown on the plans shall be disposed of by flattening slopes, used to fill in ramp gores and medians, or if not needed, disposed of at an approved disposal area or a landfill licensed to receive such material. Surplus material stockpile areas on the right-of-way shall be cleared but need not be grubbed. The clearing work shall not damage grass, shrubs, or vegetation outside the limits of the approved area and the haul roads thereto. Placement of fill material shall not adversely affect existing drainage structures. If necessary, modified existing drainage structures, as approved by the Engineer, shall be paid for in accordance with Section 109.05. Within 7 days after the material has been deposited, the area shall be shaped and stabilized to minimize erosion and siltation. (c) Organic materials such as, but not limited to, tree stumps and limbs (not considered merchantable timber), roots, rootmat, leaves, grass cuttings, or other similar materials shall be chipped or shredded and used on the project as mulch, given away, sold as firewood or mulch, burned at the Contractor’s option if permitted by local ordinance, or disposed of at a facility licensed to receive such materials. Organic material shall not be buried in state rights of way or in an approved disposal area. (d) Rootmat for the purpose of this Specification is defined as any material that, by volume, contains approximately 60 percent or more roots and shall be disposed of in accordance with (c) herein. 60 106.06 (e) Inorganic materials such as brick, cinder block, broken concrete without exposed reinforcing steel, or other such material may be used in accordance with Section 303.04 or shall be disposed of at an approved disposal area or landfill licensed to receive such materials. If disposed of in an approved disposal area, the material shall have enough cover to promote soil stabilization in accordance with the requirements of Section 303 and shall be restored in accordance with other provisions of this Section. Concrete without exposed reinforcing steel , may be crushed and used as rock in accordance with Section 303. If approved by the Engineer, these materials may be blended with soils that meet AASHTO M57 requirements and deposited in fill areas within the right-of-way in accordance with the requirements of Section 303 as applicable. (f) Excavated rock in excess of that used within the project site in accordance with the requirements of Section 303 shall be treated as surplus material. (g) Other materials such as, but not limited to, antifreeze, asphalt (liquid), building forms, concrete with reinforcing steel exposed, curing compound, fuel, hazardous materials, lubricants, metal, metal pipe, oil, paint, wood or metal from building demolition, or similar materials shall not be disposed of at an approved disposal area but shall be disposed of at a landfill licensed to receive such material. 106.05—Rights for and Use of Materials Found on Project With the approval of the Engineer, the Contractor may use in the project any materials found in the excavation that comply with the requirements of the Specifications. Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor will be paid for both the excavation of such materials at the contract unit price and for the pay item for which the excavated material is used. However, the Contractor shall replace at his own expense with other acceptable material the excavation material removed and used that is needed for use in embankments, backfills, approaches, or otherwise. The Contractor shall not excavate or remove any material from within the construction limits that is not within the grading limits, indicated by the typical section, slope and grade lines shown in the plans without written authorization by the Engineer. 106.06—Samples, Tests, and Cited Specifications Materials will be inspected and tested by the Engineer before or during their incorporation in the work. However, the inspection and testing of such material shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for furnishing material that conforms to the requirements of the Specifications. The Department may retest all materials that have been accepted at the source of supply after delivery and will reject those that do not conform to the requirements of the Specifications. Stored material may be re-inspected prior to use. Work in which untested materials are used without the written permission of the Engineer may be considered unacceptable. Unless reference is made to a specific dated Specification, references in these Specifications to AASHTO, ASTM, VTM, and other standard test methods and materials requirements shall refer to either the test specifications that have been formally adopted or the latest interim or tentative specifications that have been published by the appropriate committee of such organizations as of the date of the Notice of Advertisement. Unless otherwise indicated, tests for compliance with specification requirements will be made by and at the Department’s expense except that the cost of retests, exclusive 61 106.06 of the first retest, shall be borne by the Contractor. Samples shall be furnished by the Contractor at his expense, and those that are not tested by the Contractor will be tested by a representative of the Department. The inspection cost of structural steel items fabricated in a country other than the continental United States shall be borne by the Contractor. Inspection of structural fabrication shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate VTM by a commercial laboratory approved by the Department. Additional cleaning or repair necessary because of environmental conditions in transit shall be at the Contractor’s expense. In lieu of testing, the Engineer may approve the use of materials based on the receipt of a certification furnished by the Contractor from the manufacturer. However, furnishing the certificate shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for furnishing materials that conform to the requirements of the Specifications or the contract requirements. Materials requiring an MSDS will not be accepted at the project site for sampling or at the Department’s laboratories for testing without the document. 106.07—Plant Inspection If the Engineer inspects materials at the source, the following conditions shall be met: (a) The Engineer shall have the cooperation and assistance of the Contractor and producer of the materials. (b) The Engineer shall have full access to parts of the plant that concern the manufacture or production of the materials being furnished. (c) For materials accepted under a quality assurance plan, the Contractor or producer shall furnish equipment and maintain a plant laboratory at locations approved for plant processing of materials. The Contractor or producer shall use the laboratory and equipment to perform quality control testing. The laboratory shall be of weatherproof construction, tightly floored and roofed, and shall have adequate lighting, heating, running water, ventilation, and electrical service. The ambient temperature shall be maintained between 68 degrees F and 86 degrees F and thermostatically controlled. The laboratory shall be equipped with a telephone, intercom, or other electronic communication system connecting the laboratory and scale house if the facilities are not in close proximity to each other. The laboratory shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of local building codes. The Contractor or producer shall furnish, install, maintain, and replace, as conditions necessitate, testing equipment specified by the appropriate ASTM, AASHTO method or VTM being used and provide necessary office equipment and supplies to facilitate keeping records and generating test reports. The Contractor or producer’s technician shall maintain current copies of test procedures performed in the laboratory. The Contractor shall calibrate or verify all balances, scales and weights associated with testing performed as specified in AASHTO R18. The Contractor or producer shall also provide and maintain an approved test stand for accessing truck beds for the purpose of sampling and inspection. The Department 62 106.10 may approve a single laboratory to service more than one plant belonging to the same Contractor or producer. For crushed glass, the plant equipment requirements are waived in lieu of an independent third-party evaluation and certification of crushed glass properties by an AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL)-accredited commercial soil testing laboratory demonstrating that the supplied material conforms to the specified requirements of Section 203. Random triplicate samples will be evaluated and analyzed for every 1,000 tons of material supplied to the project. The averaged results will be used for evaluation purposes. Suppliers of crushed glass shall maintain third party certification records for a period of three years. 106.08—Storing Materials Materials shall be stored in a manner so as to ensure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. When considered necessary by the Engineer, materials shall be stored in weatherproof buildings on wooden platforms or other hard, clean surfaces that will keep the material off the ground. Materials shall be covered when directed by the Engineer. Stored material shall be located so as to facilitate their prompt inspection. Approved portions of the right of way may be used for storage of material and equipment and for plant operations. However, equipment and materials shall not be stored within the clear zone of the travel lanes open to traffic. Additional required storage space shall be provided by the Contractor at his expense. Private property shall not be used for storage purposes without the written permission of the owner or lessee. The Contractor shall furnish copies of the owner’s written permission to the Engineer. Upon completion of the use of the property, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a release signed by the property owner indicating that the property has been satisfactorily restored. Chemicals, fuels, lubricants, bitumens, paints, raw sewage, and other harmful materials as determined by the Engineer shall not be stored within any floodplain unless no other location is available and only then shall the material be stored in a secondary containment structure(s) with an impervious liner. Also, any storage of these materials in proximity to natural or man-made drainage conveyances or otherwise where the materials could potentially reach a waterway if released under adverse weather conditions, must be stored in a bermed or diked area or inside a container capable of preventing a release. Double-walled storage tanks shall meet the berm/dike containment requirement except for storage within flood plains. Any spills, leaks or releases of such materials shall be addressed in accordance with Section 107.16(b). Accumulated rain water may also be pumped out of the impoundment area into approved dewatering devices. 106.09—Handling Materials Materials shall be handled in a manner that will preserve their quality, integrity and fitness for the work. Aggregates shall be transported in vehicles constructed to prevent loss or segregation of materials. 106.10—Unacceptable Materials Materials that do not conform to the requirements of the Specifications shall be considered unacceptable. Such materials, whether in place or not, will be rejected and shall be removed from the site of 63 106.10 the work. If it is not practical for the Contractor to remove rejected material immediately, the Engineer will mark the material for identification. Rejected material whose defects have been corrected shall not be used until approval has been given by the Engineer. 106.11—Material Furnished by the Department The Contractor shall furnish all materials required to complete the work except those specified to be furnished by the Department. Material furnished by the Department will be delivered or made available to the Contractor at the points specified in the Contract. The cost of handling and placing materials after delivery to the Contractor shall be included in the contract price for the item with which they are used. After receipt of the materials, the Contractor shall be responsible for material delivered to him, including shortages, deficiencies, and damages that occur after delivery, and any demurrage charges. 106.12—Critical Materials Raw, manufactured materials or supplies that are necessary for the fabrication, construction, installation or completion of any item of work that is, or becomes, in extremely short supply regionally or nationally as substantiated by recognized public reports such as news media, trade association journals, etc. due to catastrophic events of nature, needs of national defense or industrial conditions beyond the control of the Department or Contractor, will be declared Critical by the Department. When the supply of materials becomes critical, the provisions of this Section will become applicable to the Contract. When all items of work involving noncritical materials have been completed by the Contractor or have progressed to a point where no further work is practicable prior to receipt of critical materials, a complete suspension of work will be granted by the Department. Requests for partial suspension orders because of delays attributable to nonreceipt of critical materials will be considered on the basis of merit in each case. The Department reserves the right to substitute materials by means of a work order. Contractors, via their manufacturers or suppliers, that request relief due to critical shortage of materials as specified in this Section shall immediately supply information concerning the product and other supporting data to permit the Department an opportunity to access possible alternatives or methods to avoid undue delay or expenditure. SECTION 107—LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES 107.01—Laws To Be Observed The Contractor shall keep fully informed of federal, state, and local laws, bylaws, ordinances, orders, decrees, and regulations of governing bodies, courts, and agencies having any jurisdiction or authority 64 107.02 that affects those engaged or employed on the work, the conduct of the work, or the execution of any documents in connection with the work. The Contractor shall observe and comply with such laws, ordinances, regulations, orders, or decrees and shall indemnify and hold harmless the Commonwealth and its agents, officers, or employees against any claim for liability arising from or based on their violation, whether by himself, his agents, his employees, or subcontractors. The Contractor shall execute and file the documents, statements, and affidavits required under any applicable federal or state law or regulation required by or affecting his bid or Contract or prosecution of the work there under. The Contractor shall permit examination of any records made subject to such examination by any federal or state law or by regulations promulgated there under by any state or federal agency charged with enforcement of such law. In accordance with the Code of Virginia (Virginia Public Procurement Act), the Contractor shall make payment to all subcontractors, as defined in the Code, within seven days after receipt of payment from the Department; or shall notify the Department and subcontractor in writing of his intention to withhold all or a part of the amount due along with the reason for nonpayment. In the event payment is not made as noted, the Contractor shall pay interest at the rate of 1 percent per month, unless otherwise provided in the Contract, to the subcontractor on all amounts that remain unpaid after seven days except for the amounts withheld as provided in this Section. These same requirements shall be included in each subcontract and shall be applicable to each lowertier subcontractor. 107.02—Permits, Certificates, and Licenses General The Contractor shall conform to the permit conditions as shown in the contract documents. Construction methods shall confirm to the stipulations of the permit and/or certification conditions. The Contractor shall assume all obligations and costs incurred as a result of complying with the terms and conditions of the permits and certificates. If any of the permits shown herein are applicable to the project, the contract documents will indicate such and the applicable permit conditions will be included in the contract documents. (a) Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permits: A nationwide permit is issued to the Department by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to place fill or dredge material in waters of the United States including wetlands. (b) The State Program General Permit for Linear Transportation Projects (SPGP- 01 2A & B): The SPGP-01 2A & B is a permit issued to the Department by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to proceed with linear transportation projects involving work, structures and filling both temporary and permanent, in waters of the United States including wetlands. (c) Letter of Permission (LOP-1): The LOP-1 is a regional permit issued to the Department by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to proceed with roadway projects involving work, structures and filling both temporary and permanent, in waters of the United States including wetlands. 65 107.02 (d) Virginia Marine Resources Commission – Virginia General Permit (VGP-1): A VGP-1 permit is issued to the Department by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission and is required on projects that cross in, on or over state-owned land which is submerged below low water (channelward of the mean low water line), in tidal areas including tidal wetlands, or below ordinary high water anywhere in the Commonwealth of Virginia. (e) Virginia Water Protection Permit (VWPP): The VWPP is issued to the Department by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Water Division and is required for activities that result in a discharge to surface waters and wetlands. The VWPP is issued as an individual or general permit. (f) Virginia Stormwater Management Program General/Stormwater Management Permit (VSMP): The VSMP permit is issued by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and is required for all construction activities in accordance with Section 107.16. The general VSMP permit covers the discharges from the site during construction. The Department will be responsible for acquiring the VSMP permit from the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation for the project. (g) Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Consistency Concurrence: This clearance is issued to the Department by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality for projects in navigable waters requiring a U.S. Coast Guard bridge permit. (h) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Permit: The TVA Section 26a permit is issued to the Department by the Tennessee Valley Authority and is required for construction activities in or along the Tennessee River or its tributaries. (i) U.S. Coast Guard Bridge Permit: This permit is required for bridge projects over navigable waters. The Department is responsible for acquiring these permits. (j) Other Permits, Certificates and Licenses: Except as otherwise specified herein, the Contractor shall procure all necessary permits, certificates or licenses that have not been obtained by the Department. The Contractor shall pay all charges, fees, and taxes and shall comply with all conditions of the permits, certificates or licenses. Construction or excavation material shall not be stored within the waterway or wetlands. Cofferdams, stream channel retaining structures and all necessary dikes shall be constructed of non-erodible materials or if specified in the permit(s), faced with coarse non-erodible materials. If faced with non-erodible material, filter cloth shall be placed between the granular fill and riprap in accordance with Section 245, 204, 303.03 and 414. Temporary structures shall be removed from the waterway with minimal disturbance of the streambed. Discharge of dredge or fill material shall be placed in accordance with the best management practice, project permits and all applicable laws and regulations. Dredged or fill material shall be removed to an approved, contained, upland location in accordance with Section 106.04. The disposal area will be of sufficient size and capacity to properly contain the dredge material, to allow for adequate dewatering and settling of sediment, and to prevent overtopping. The disposal area shall be stabilized prior to placement of dredge material. The Contractor activities shall not substantially disrupt the movement of those species of aquatic life indigenous to the water body including those species that normally migrate through the area. The Contractor to the maximum extent practicable shall not permanently restrict or impede the passage of normal or expected high flows or cause the relocation of the water. The Contractor shall avoid and minimize all temporary disturbances to surface waters during construction. The Contractor shall re66 107.02 move any temporary fill in its entirety and the affected areas returned to their preexisting elevation conditions within 30 days of completing work, which shall include re-establishing pre-construction contours, and planting or seeding with appropriate wetland vegetation according to cover type (emergent, scrub/shrub, or forested). The Contractor shall perform all work activities during low-flow conditions and shall isolate the construction area via the implementation of nonerodible cofferdams, sheetpiling, stream diversions or similar structures. The Contractor shall accomplish all construction, construction access (e.g., cofferdams, sheetpiling, and causeways) and demolition activities associated with this project in a manner that minimizes construction or waste materials from entering surface waters. Access roads and associated bridges or culverts shall be constructed to minimize the adverse effects on surface waters. Access roads constructed above preconstruction contours and elevations in surface waters must be bridged or culverted to maintain surface flows. All utility line work in surface waters shall be performed in a manner that minimizes disturbance, and the area shall be returned to its original contours and restored within 30 days of completing work in the area. The Contractor shall prepare and implement an erosion and sediment control plan in compliance with the Erosion and Sediment Control Law, the Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations, and the annual erosion and sediment control standards and specifications approved by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The Contractor shall stockpile excavated material in a manner that prevents reentry into the stream, restores original streambed and streambank contours, revegitates barren areas, and implements strict erosion and sediment control measures throughout the project period as described in the Virginia Department of Transporation Annual Program approved by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. The Contractor shall comply with the Stormwater Management Act, the Stormwater Management Regulations, and the annual storm water management standards and specifications approved by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The Contractor shall provide fill material that is clean and free of contaminants in toxic concentrations or amounts in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable FEMA-approved state or local floodplain management requirements. The Contractor shall adhere to any time-of-year restriction conditions as required by state and federal permitting agencies. No in-stream work shall be permitted during in-stream time-of-year restriction. The Contractor shall prohibit wet or uncured concrete from entry into flowing surface waters. The Contractor shall not dispose of excess or waste concrete in surface waters and prevent wash water from discharging into surface waters. The Contractor shall employ measures to prevent spills of fuels or lubricants into state waters. The Contractor shall not violate the water quality standards as a result of the construction activities. The Contractor shall not alter the physical, chemical, or biological properties of surface waters and wetlands or make them detrimental to the public health, to animal or aquatic life, to the uses of such waters for domestic or industrial consumption, for recreation, or for other uses. The Contractor shall not proceed with work covered by a permit until the work is released in writing by the Engineer. If the Department has not released work covered by a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit and the Contractor has completed all other work within the limits of the project, the Contractor shall so advise the Engineer in writing. Upon receipt of the notification, the Engineer will evaluate the status of the 67 107.02 project and advise the Contractor within 45 days of the portion of the project that is acceptable under Section 108.09. If the Engineer determines that all of the work except that encumbered by the permit application is acceptable under the requirements of Section 108.09, the Contractor will be notified accordingly. The Department or the Contractor may then elect to continue or terminate the remaining portion of the Contract. The party electing to terminate the Contract shall so advise the other party in writing after the 45-day period. The terms of contract termination will be in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.08 No compensation will be made for delays encountered or for work not performed except for an extension of time as determined in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.04. The Contractor shall submit a request to the Engineer in writing if he wants to deviate from the plans or change his proposed method(s) regarding any proposed work located in waterways or wetlands. Such work may require additional environmental permits. If the Engineer determines that the activities are necessary for completion of the work, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer all necessary information pertaining to the activity. The Contractor shall be responsible for designing and supplying all sketches and notes necessary to acquire any permit modification required for changes in the proposed construction methods. Such information shall be furnished at least 180 days prior to the date the proposed changed activity is to begin. The District Environmental Manager will apply for the necessary permits modifications to the permits obtained by the Department. The Contractor shall not begin the activity until directed to do so by the Engineer. Additional compensation will not be made for delay to the work or change in the Contractor’s proposed methods that result from jurisdiction agency review or disapproval of Contractor’s proposed methods. If additional permits are required to perform dredging for flotation of construction equipment or for other permanent or temporary work as indicated in the Contractor’s accepted plan of operation, but have not been obtained by the Department, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer, at least 75 days prior to the proposed activity, all necessary information pertaining to the proposed activity in order for the Department to apply for the permits. The Contractor shall not begin the proposed activity until the additional permits have been secured and the Engineer has advised the Contractor that the proposed activity may proceed. The Contractor shall permit representatives of state and federal environmental regulatory agencies to make inspections at any time in order to insure that the activity being performed under authority of the permit(s) is in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed herein. 107.03—Federal-Aid Provisions When the U.S. government pays all or any portion of the cost of a project, the Contractor shall comply with the federal laws and rules and regulations made pursuant to such laws. The work shall be subject to inspection by the appropriate federal agency. Such inspection shall in no sense make the federal government a party of the Contract and will in no way interfere with the rights of either party to the Contract. 107.04—Furnishing Right of Way The Department will secure necessary rights of way and easements in advance of construction. The Department will not be responsible for any delay in the acquisition of a right of way other than consideration of an extension of time. The Department will provide notification of known delays in the 68 107.08 proposal for work to assist bidders in planning the work and composing their bids. Easements for temporary uses and detours requested by the Contractor and approved by the Department in lieu of a detour within the right of way or easement area shall be acquired by the Contractor without the Department being a party to the agreement. 107.05—Patented Devices, Materials, and Processes If the Contractor employs any design, device, material, or process covered by a patent or copyright outside the requirements of the Contract he shall provide for its use by obtaining a legal agreement with the patentee or owner. The Contractor and the surety shall indemnify and save harmless the Commonwealth, any affected third party, or political subdivision from claims for infringement because of such use. The Contractor shall indemnify the Commonwealth for costs, expenses, or damages resulting from infringement during prosecution or after completion of the work. 107.06—Personal Liability of Public Officials In carrying out any of the provisions of these Specifications or in exercising any power or authority granted to them by or within the scope of the Contract, there shall be no liability upon the Board, Commissioner, Engineer, or their authorized representatives, either personally or as officials of the Commonwealth. In all such matters, they act solely as agents and representatives of the Commonwealth. 107.07—No Waiver of Legal Rights The Commonwealth shall not be precluded or estopped by any measurement, estimate, or certificate made either before or after final acceptance of the work and payment therefor from showing (1) the true amount and character of the work performed and materials furnished by the Contractor, (2) that any such measurement, estimate, or certificate is untrue or incorrectly made, or (3) that the work or materials do not comply with the provisions of the Contract. The Commonwealth shall not be precluded or estopped, notwithstanding any such measurement, estimate, or certificate, and payment in accordance therewith, from recovering from the Contractor or his surety, or both, such damage as it may sustain by reason of his failure to comply with the terms of the Contract. Neither the acceptance by the Department or any representative of the Department nor any payment for or acceptance of the whole or any part of the work, nor any extension of time, nor any possession taken by the Department shall operate as a waiver of any portion of the Contract or of any power herein reserved or of any right to damages. A waiver of any breach of the Contract shall not be held to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach. 107.08—Protecting and Restoring Property and Landscape The Contractor shall preserve property and improvements along the boundary lines of and adjacent to the work unless their removal or destruction is specified in the Contract Documents. The Contractor shall use suitable precautions to prevent damage to such property. When the Contractor finds it necessary to enter on private property, beyond the limits of the construction easement shown on the plans, he shall secure from the owner or lessee a written permit for such entry prior to moving thereon. An executed copy of this permit shall be furnished to the Engineer. 69 107.08 The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage or injury to property during the prosecution of the work resulting from any act, omission, neglect, or misconduct in the Contractor’s method of executing the work or attributable to defective work or materials. This responsibility shall not be released until final acceptance of the project and a written release from the owner or lessee of the property is obtained. When direct or indirect damage is done to property by or on account of any act, omission, neglect, or misconduct in the Contractor’s method of executing the work or in consequence of the nonexecution thereof on the part of the Contractor, the Contractor shall restore such property to a condition similar or equal to that existing before such damage was done by repairing, rebuilding, or restoring, as may be directed by the Engineer, or making settlement with the property owner. The Contractor shall secure from the owner a release from any claim against the Department without additional compensation therefor. A copy of this release shall be furnished the Engineer. 107.09—Contractor’s Responsibility for Utility Property and Services At points where the Contractor’s operations are on or adjacent to the properties of any utility, including railroads, and damage to which might result in expense, loss, or inconvenience, work shall not commence until arrangements necessary for the protection thereof have been completed. The Contractor shall cooperate with owners of utilities so that removal and adjustment operations may progress in a timely, responsible, and reasonable manner, duplication of adjustment work may be reduced to a minimum, and services rendered by those parties will not be unnecessarily interrupted. If any utility service is interrupted as a result of accidental breakage or of being exposed or unsupported, the Contractor shall promptly notify the proper authority and shall cooperate fully with the authority in the restoration of service. If utility service is interrupted, repair work shall be continuous until service is restored. No work shall be undertaken around fire hydrants until provisions for continued service have been approved by the local fire authority. When the Contractor’s work operations require the disconnection of “in service” fire hydrants, the Contractor shall notify the locality’s fire department or communication center at least 24 hours prior to disconnection. In addition, the Contractor shall notify the locality’s fire department or communications center no later than 24 hours after reconnection of such hydrants. The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to utilities that, in the investigation and determination of the Engineer, is found to be attributable to the Contractor’s neglect, means or methods of performing the work. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to be in conflict with the provisions of Section 107.08. The Contractor shall comply with all requirements of the Virginia Underground Utility Damage Prevention Act (the Miss Utility law). The Contractor shall wait a minimum of 48 hours after notifying the Miss Utility notification center before commencing excavation work. The Contractor may commence excavation work after 48 hours only if confirmed through the Ticket Information Exchange (TIE) System that all applicable utilities have either marked their underground line locations or reported that no lines are present in the work vicinity. The Contractor shall wait an additional 24 hours before commencing excavation operations if any utility operators have failed to respond to the TIE within the first 48 hours. 70 107.12 107.10—Restoration of Work Performed by Others The Department may construct or reconstruct any utility service within the construction limits or grant a permit for the same at any time. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any damages occasioned thereby other than a consideration of an extension of time, unless the Contractor’s Work is damaged, altered or impeded by the condition. When authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor shall allow any person, firm, or corporation to make an opening in the highway within the limits of the project upon presentation of a duly executed permit from the Department or any municipality for sections within its corporate limits. When directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall satisfactorily repair portions of the work disturbed by the openings. The work for such repairs as authorized and directed by the Engineer will be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05 and shall be subject to the same conditions as the original work performed. 107.11—Use of Explosives Explosives shall be stored and used in a secure manner in compliance with federal, state, and local laws and ordinances. Prior to prosecuting the work, the Contractor shall conduct an on-site review of the work involved and develop a plan of operations for performing excavation work. Where feasible, the Contractor shall explore other means of loosening and or reducing the size of the excavation without blasting. When blasting becomes necessary, the Contractor’s plan of operations shall include a blasting plan detailing the blasting techniques to be used during excavation operations requiring the use of explosives. Both plans shall be submitted to the Engineer for review prior to commencing blasting operations. The Contractor shall be responsible for damage resulting from the use of explosives. The Contractor shall notify each property and utility owner having a building, structure, or other installation above or below ground in proximity to the site of the work of his intention to use explosives. Notice shall be given sufficiently in advance of the start of blasting operations to enable the owners to take steps to protect their property. The review of the Contractor’s plan of operations, blasting plan and the notification of property owners shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for damage resulting from his blasting operations. 107.12—Responsibility for Damage Claims The Contractor shall indemnify and save harmless the Commonwealth, the Board, and its officers, agents, and employees, and the city, town, county, or other municipality in which the work is performed and their officers, agents, and employees, from suits, actions, or claims brought for or on account of any injuries or damages received or sustained by any person, persons, or property resulting from or arising out of the work performed by the Contractor, or by or in consequence of any neglect in safeguarding the work, through the use of unacceptable materials in the construction or the improvement, or resulting from any act or omission, neglect, or misconduct of the Contractor; or by or on account of any claims or amounts recovered by infringement of any patent, trademark, or copyright. The Commissioner may retain as much of the monies due the Contractor under and by virtue of his Contract as the Commonwealth considers necessary to ensure that a fund will be available to pay a settlement or judgment of such suits, actions, or claims. If no monies are due, the Contractor’s surety will be held accountable until all such claims and actions have been settled and suitable evidence to 71 107.12 that effect has been furnished the Board. Any extension of time granted the Contractor, in which to complete the Contract shall not relieve him or his surety of this responsibility. It is not intended by any of the provisions of any part of the Contract to establish the public or any member thereof as a third party beneficiary hereunder, or to authorize anyone not a party to the Contract to enter into a suit for personal injuries or property damage pursuant to the terms or provisions of the Contract. The Contractor shall comply with all requirements, conditions, and terms of the Contract, including but not limited to, environmental permits, commitments identified in the Contract, and applicable environmental laws and regulations. The Contractor shall not cause damage, except as allowed under the terms of the Contract, or as allowed under applicable permits or laws, to the air, water, or other natural resources, or cause damage to adjacent or off-site property. When any act, omission, or other action of the Contractor occurs, that violates the requirements, conditions or terms of the Contract, and affects the health, safety, or welfare of the public or natural resources, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to take prompt action to repair, replace, or restore the damage or injury within a time frame established by the Engineer, and to comply with the requirements of Section 107.01. If the Contractor fails to make such repair, replacement, or restoration within the established time frame, the Engineer will have the damage or injury repaired, replaced, or restored and will deduct the cost of such repair, replacement, or restoration from monies due the Contractor. If the Department determines by its own investigation that injury or damage has occurred as a result of work performed or neglected by the Contractor, the Department may suspend the Contractor from future bidding for a period of time commensurate with the severity of the injury or damage as determined by the Chief Engineer. Injury is defined as harm or impairment to persons or natural resources. Damage is defined as the loss or harm resulting from injury to person or property. In addition, the Department may recover either (i) the loss or damage that the Department suffers as a result of such act, omission or other action or (ii) any liquidated damages established in such contract plus (iii) reasonable attorney’s fees, expert witness fees, staff salaries, incidental and equipment charges associated with any investigation. Upon a finding against the Contractor by the Department, the Contractor shall be responsible for and shall reimburse the Department for all expenses associated with the injury or damage. Expenses include, but are not limited to: costs for investigating the act, omission or other action, financial penalties incurred by the Department as a result of the injury or damage, salary and expenses incurred by employees or consultants of the Commonwealth, road user expenses as determined by the Department due to damage or loss of use of the project area, attorney fees, and expert witness fees. The Department may deduct the reimbursement of expenses from any payments owed the Contractor. Upon determination by the Department of willful, flagrant or repetitious acts, omissions or other actions related to injury or damage to person or property, the Contractor shall be responsible for and shall reimburse the Department for all expenses associated with the investigation as shown herein, and the Department will impose other appropriate actions, as permitted by law, policy and Specifications, such as but not limited to, suspension of work, termination for cause, removal from the bidders’ list. Once a determination is made that injury or damage has resulted in an action against the Contractor, the Contractor shall have the right of appeal in accordance with the provisions and requirements of Section 105.19. 72 107.14 Should any cost remain in dispute after appeal, resolution shall be handled in accordance with the provisions and requirements of Section 105.19. 107.13—Labor and Wages The Contractor shall comply with the provisions and requirements of the workers’ compensation law and public statutes that regulate hours of employment on public work. (a) Predetermined Minimum Wages: The provisions of laws requiring the payment of a minimum wage of a predetermined minimum wage scale for the various classes of laborers and mechanics, when such a scale is incorporated in the Contract, shall be expressly made a part of any Contract hereunder. The Contractor and his agents shall promptly comply with all such applicable provisions. Any classification not listed and subsequently required shall be classified or reclassified in accordance with the wage determination. If other classifications are used, omission of classifications shall not be cause for additional compensation. The Contractor shall be responsible for determining local practices with regard to the application of the various labor classifications. (b) Labor Rate Forms: The Contractor shall complete Form C-28, indicating by classification the total number of employees, excluding executive and administrative employees, employed on the project. The Contractor shall also indicate on the form the compensation rate per hour for each classification. The Contractor shall submit an original and two copies of the form prior to the due date of the second estimate for payment and for each 90-day period thereafter until the work specified in the Contract has been completed. If at the time of final acceptance the period since the last labor report is 30 days or more, the Contractor shall furnish an additional labor report as outlined herein prior to payment of the final estimate. 107.14—Equal Employment Opportunity The Contractor shall comply with the applicable provisions of presidential executive orders and the rules, regulations, and orders of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. The Contractor shall maintain the following records and reports as required by the contract EEO provisions: (a) record of all applicants for employment (b) new hires by race, work classification, hourly rate, and date employed (c) minority and non-minority employees employed in each work classification (d) changes in work classifications (e) employees enrolled in approved training programs and the status of each 73 107.14 (f) minority subcontractor or subcontractors with meaningful minority group representation (g) copies of Form C-57 submitted by subcontractors If the Contract has a stipulation or requirement for trainees, the Contractor shall submit semiannual training reports in accordance with the instructions shown on the forms furnished by the Department. If the Contractor fails to submit such reports in accordance with the instructions, his monthly progress estimate for payment may be delayed. The Contractor shall cooperate with the Department in carrying out EEO obligations and in the Department’s review of activities under the Contract. The Contractor shall comply with the specific EEO requirements specified herein and shall include these requirements in every subcontract of $10,000 or more with such modification of language as may be necessary to make them binding on the subcontractor. (a) EEO Policy: The Contractor shall accept as operating policy the following statement: It is the policy of this Company to assure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, religion, sex, color, or national origin. Such action shall include employment, upgrading, demotion, or transfer; recruitment or recruitment advertising; layoff or termination; rates of pay or other forms of compensation; and selection for training, including apprenticeship or on-the-job training. (b) EEO Officer: The Contractor shall designate and make known to the Department an EEO Officer who can effectively administer and promote an active contractor EEO program and who shall be assigned adequate authority and responsibility to do so. (c) Dissemination of Policy: 1. Members of the Contractor’s staff who are authorized to hire, supervise, promote, and discharge employees or recommend such action or are substantially involved in such action shall be made fully aware of and shall implement the Contractor’s EEO policy and contractual responsibilities to provide equal employment opportunity in each grade and classification of employment. The following actions shall be taken as a minimum: a. Periodic meetings of supervisory and personnel office employees shall be conducted before the start of work and at least once every 6 months thereafter, at which time the Contractor’s EEO policy and its implementation shall be reviewed and explained. The meetings shall be conducted by the EEO Officer or another knowledgeable company official. b. New supervisory or personnel office employees shall be given a thorough indoctrination by the EEO Officer or another knowledgeable company official covering all major aspects of the Contractor’s EEO obligations within 30 days following their reporting for duty with the Contractor. c. The EEO Officer or appropriate company official shall instruct employees engaged in the direct recruitment of employees for the project relative to the methods followed by the Contractor in locating and hiring minority group employees. 74 107.14 2. In order to make the Contractor’s EEO policy known to all employees, prospective employees, and potential sources of employees such as, but not limited to, schools, employment agencies, labor unions where appropriate, and college placement officers, the Contractor shall take the following actions: a. Notices and posters setting forth the Contractor’s EEO policy shall be placed in areas readily accessible to employees, applicants for employment, and potential employees. The Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain at least two bulletin boards having dimensions of at least 48 inches in width and 36 inches in height at locations readily accessible to all personnel concerned with the project. The boards shall be erected immediately upon initiation of the contract work and shall be maintained until the completion of such work, at which time they shall be removed from the project. Each bulletin board shall be equipped with a removable glass or plastic cover that when in place will protect posters from weather or damage. The Contractor shall promptly post official notices on the bulletin boards. The costs for such work shall be included in the price bid for other contract items. b. The Contractor’s EEO policy and the procedures to implement such policy shall be brought to the attention of employees by means of meetings, employee handbooks, or other appropriate means. (d) Recruitment: 1. When advertising for employees, the Contractor shall include in all advertisements for employees the notation “An Equal Opportunity Employer” and shall insert all such advertisements in newspapers or other publications having a large circulation among minority groups in the area from which the project work force would normally be derived. 2. Unless precluded by a valid bargaining agreement, the Contractor shall conduct systematic and direct recruitment through public and private employee referral sources likely to yield qualified minority group applicants, including, but not limited to, state employment agencies, schools, colleges, and minority group organizations. The Contractor shall identify sources of potential minority group employees and shall establish procedures with such sources whereby minority group applicants may be referred to him for employment consideration. 3. The Contractor shall encourage his employees to refer minority group applicants for employment by posting appropriate notices or bulletins in areas accessible to all employees. In addition, information and procedures with regard to referring minority group applicants shall be discussed with employees. (e) Personnel Actions: Wages, working conditions, and employee benefits shall be established and administered, and personnel action of any type shall be taken without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 1. The Contractor shall conduct periodic inspections of project sites to ensure that working conditions and employee facilities do not indicate discriminatory treatment of personnel. 75 107.14 2. The Contractor shall periodically evaluate the spread of wages paid within each classification to determine whether there is evidence of discriminatory wage practices. 3. The Contractor shall periodically review selected personnel actions in depth to determine whether there is evidence of discrimination. Where evidence is found, the Contractor shall promptly take corrective action. If the review indicates that the discrimination may extend beyond the actions reviewed, corrective action shall include all affected persons. 4. The Contractor shall investigate all complaints of alleged discrimination made to him in connection with obligations under the Contract, attempt to resolve such complaints, and take appropriate corrective action. If the investigation indicates that the discrimination may affect persons other than the complainant, corrective action shall include those persons. Upon completion of each investigation, the Contractor shall inform every complainant of all avenues of appeal. (f) Training: 1. The Contractor shall assist in locating, qualifying, and increasing the skills of minority group and women employees and applicants for employment. 2. Consistent with work force requirements and as permissible under federal and state regulations, the Contractor shall make full use of training programs, i.e., apprenticeship and on-the-job training programs for the geographical area of contract performance. Where feasible, 25 percent of apprentices or trainees in each occupation shall be in their first year of apprenticeship or training. 3. The Contractor shall advise employees and applicants for employment of available training programs and the entrance requirements for each. 4. The Contractor shall periodically review the training and promotion potential of minority group employees and shall encourage eligible employees to apply for such training and promotion. 5. If the Contract does not provide a separate pay item for trainees, the cost associated with the training specified herein shall be included in the price bid for other items in the Contract. 6. If the Contract provides a pay item for trainees, training shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 518. (g) Unions: If the Contractor relies in whole or in part on unions as a source of employees, best efforts shall be made to obtain the cooperation of such unions to increase opportunities for minority groups and women in the unions and to effect referrals by such unions of minority and women employees. Actions by the Contractor, either directly or through his Contractor’s Association acting as agent, shall include the following procedures: 1. In cooperation with the unions, best efforts shall be used to develop joint training programs aimed toward qualifying more minority group members and women for membership in the unions and to increase the skills of minority group employees and women so that they may qualify for higher-paying employment. 76 107.14 2. Best efforts shall be used to incorporate an EEO clause into union agreements to the end that unions shall be contractually bound to refer applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 3. Information shall be obtained concerning referral practices and policies of the labor union except that to the extent the information is within the exclusive possession of the union. If the labor union refuses to furnish the information to the Contractor, the Contractor shall so certify to the Department and shall set forth what efforts he made to obtain the information. 4. If a union is unable to provide the Contractor with a reasonable flow of minority and women referrals within the time limit set forth in the union agreement, the Contractor shall, through his recruitment procedures, fill the employment vacancies without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, making full efforts to obtain qualified or qualifiable minority group persons and women. If union referral practice prevents the Contractor from complying with the EEO requirements, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Department. (h) Subcontracting: The Contractor shall use best efforts to use minority group subcontractors or subcontractors with meaningful minority group and female representation among their employees. Contractors shall obtain lists of MBE, DBE, and WBE construction firms from the Department. If MBE, DBE, or WBE goals are established in the proposal, the Contractor shall comply with the requirements of Section 107.15. The Contractor shall use best efforts to ensure subcontractor compliance with his EEO obligations. (i) Records and Reports: The Contractor shall keep such records as are necessary to determine compliance with his EEO obligations. The records shall be designed to indicate the following: 1. the number of minority and nonminority group members and females employed in each work classification on the project 2. the progress and efforts being made in cooperation with unions to increase employment opportunities for minorities and females if unions are used as a source of the work force 3. the progress and efforts being made in locating, hiring, training, qualifying, and upgrading minority and female employees 4. the progress and efforts being made in securing the services of minority group subcontractors or subcontractors with meaningful minority group and female representation among their employees Records shall be retained for a period of three years following completion of the contract work and shall be available at reasonable times and places for inspection by authorized representatives of the Department. Each month for the first three months after construction begins and every month of July thereafter for the duration of the project, Form C-57 shall be completed to indicate the num77 107.14 ber of minority, nonminority, and female employees currently engaged in each work classification shown on the form. The completed Form C-57 shall be submitted within three weeks after the reporting period. Failure to do so may result in delay of approval of the Contractor’s monthly progress estimate for payment. 107.15—Use of Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) It is the policy of the Department that Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) shall have the maximum opportunity to participate in the performance of the Contract. The Contractor is encouraged to take necessary and reasonable steps to ensure that MBEs have the maximum opportunity to compete for and perform work on the Contract, including participation in any subsequent subcontracts. MBE shall mean a small business concern (as defined pursuant to Section 3 of the Small Business Act and implementing regulations) that is owned and controlled by one or more minorities or women. Owned and controlled means: at least 51 percent of the business is owned by one or more minorities or women or, in the case of a publicly owned business, at least 51 percent of the stock is owned by one or more minorities or women; and the management and daily business operations are controlled by one or more such individuals. Minority shall mean a person who is a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States and is a bona fide member of a minority group, so regarded by that particular minority community, and who is: • Black (a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa) or; • Hispanic (a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race) or; • Portuguese (a person of Portuguese, Brazilian, or other Portuguese culture or origin, regardless of race) or; • Asian American (a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands) or; • American Indian or Alaskan Native (a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America); or • a member of another group, or other individual, found to be economically and socially disadvantaged by the Small Business Administration under 8(a) of the Small Business Act as amended (15 U.S.C. 637[a]). The Department will furnish, upon request, a list of certified MBEs. This list shall not be construed as an endorsement of the quality or performance of the business, but is simply a listing of firms who are certified by the Department as being MBEs. The Contractor is encouraged to use the services of banks owned or controlled by minorities or females; however, use of such services will not be credited toward participation achievement for the Contract. The Department has on file, and will make available on request, the names and addresses of known minority and female owned banks in the Commonwealth of Virginia. 78 107.15 The Contractor shall designate and make known to the Department a liaison officer who is assigned the responsibility of actively and effectively administering, encouraging and promoting a responsive program for the use of MBEs. The performance of the Contract for the purpose of this specification shall be interpreted to include, but not necessarily be limited to, subcontracting; furnishing materials, supplies, and services; and, leasing equipment. If the Contractor intends to sublet a portion of the work on the project, the Contractor is encouraged to seek out and consider MBEs as potential subcontractors. The Contractor is encouraged to contact MBEs to solicit their interest, capability, and prices and shall retain on file the proper documentation to substantiate such contacts. By signing the bid, the bidder certifies to the following: • That on the work proposed to be sublet and shown on the form for Contractors Proposal to Sublet, the bidder has taken reasonable steps to seek out and consider MBEs as potential subcontractors. • That, if awarded the project, any work proposed to be sublet and not shown on the form for Contractors Proposal to Sublet, the same reasonable steps certified herein will be taken. If the Department has determined that specific opportunities for participation by MBEs are available on a particular Contract, such participation will be shown as a percentage of the Contract amount and will be indicated in the proposal on Form C-61, Potential MBE Participation. If the bidder is an MBE that is owned and controlled by a minority female(s), participation achievement may be shown as either minority or female, but not both. Further, each bidder shall comply with the requirements of Section 102.01. If the apparent low bidder is a currently certified MBE firm, the MBE requirements of this provision will not be applicable except for those referring to the reporting of participation achievement. The following are examples of efforts the Department encourages Contractors to make in soliciting MBE participation. Other factors or types of efforts may be relevant in appropriate cases. The Contractor is encouraged to: (a) attend any pre-solicitation or pre-bid meetings at which MBEs could be informed of contracting and subcontracting opportunities; (b) advertise in general circulation, trade association and minority-focus media concerning the subcontracting opportunities; (c) provide written notice to a reasonable number of specific MBEs that their interest in the Contract was being solicited in sufficient time to allow the MBEs to participate effectively; (d) follow-up initial solicitations of interest by contacting MBEs to determine with certainty whether the MBEs were interested; 79 107.15 (e) select portions of the work to be performed by MBEs in order to increase the likelihood of obtaining MBE participation (including, where appropriate, breaking down contracts into economically feasible units to facilitate MBE participation); (f) provide interested MBEs with adequate information about the plans, Specifications, and requirements of the Contract; (g) negotiate in good faith with interested MBEs, not rejecting MBEs as unqualified without sound reasons based on a thorough investigation of their capabilities; (h) make efforts to assist interested MBEs in obtaining bonding, lines of credit, or insurance required by the Department or Contractor; (i) make efforts to assist interested MBEs in obtaining necessary equipment, supplies, materials, or other necessary or related assistance or services; and, (j) effectively use the services of available minority community organizations; minority contractors’ groups; local, state and federal minority business assistance offices; and other organizations that provide assistance in the recruitment and placement of MBEs. Any agreement between a bidder and an MBE whereby the MBE agrees not to provide quotations for performance of work to other bidders is prohibited. Within 14 days after the opening of proposals in accordance with Section 102.12, if the apparent low bidder, as read at the bid opening, is reporting participation achievement on the Contract, he shall submit to the Department a fully executed Form C-61 showing the name(s) and certification number(s) of any currently certified MBEs who will perform work eligible to be reported as said participation credit. The signatures on Form C-61 shall be those of authorized representatives of the bidder as shown on Forms C-37 and C-38A or as authorized by letter from the bidder. If it is determined, subsequent to the bid opening, that the apparent low bidder as read at the bid opening has changed, the new apparent low bidder will be advised by letter and shall submit the information required herein within 14 days after the date of notification. Any award made by the Board prior to receipt of the information required will be conditional, pending receipt of such information. The Contractor shall furnish, and require each subcontractor to furnish, prior to final acceptance of the Contract, information relative to all MBE involvement on the project if such work is to be claimed as participation achievement and verification is available. The information shall be indicated on Form C63, MBE/DBE/SWAM Payment Compliance Report or by copies of canceled checks with appropriate identifying notations. If participation achievement is with an MBE whose name has not been previously furnished, an initial or revised Form C-61, whichever is appropriate, shall be submitted prior to such MBE beginning the work. Failure to provide the Department the forms by the Contractor’s semifinal estimate may result in delay of approval of the Contractor’s estimate for payment. If an MBE, through no fault of the Contractor, is unable or unwilling to fulfill his agreement with the Contractor, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Department and provide all relevant facts. If any subcontractor is relieved of the responsibility to perform work under their subcontract, the Con80 107.16 tractor is encouraged to take steps to obtain an MBE to perform an equal or greater dollar value of the work. The substitute MBE’s name, description of the work, and dollar value of the work shall be submitted to the Department on Form C-61 prior to such MBE beginning the work, if such work is to be counted for participation achievement. 107.16—Environmental Stipulations By signing the bid, the bidder shall have stipulated (1) that any facility to be used in the performance of the Contract (unless the Contract is exempt under the Clean Air Act as amended [42 U.S.C. 1857, et seq., as amended by P.L. 91-604], the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. as amended by P.L. 92-500], and Executive Order 11738 and regulations in implementation thereof [40 C.F.R., Part 15]) is not listed on the EPA’s List of Violating Facilities pursuant to 40 C.F.R. 15.20; and (2) that the Department will be promptly notified prior to the award of the Contract if the bidder receives any communication from the Director, Office of Federal Activities, EPA, indicating that a facility to be used for the Contract is under consideration to be listed on the EPA’s List of Violating Facilities. No separate payment will be made for the work or precautions described herein except where provided for as a specific item in the Contract or except where provision has been made for such payment in these Specifications. Reference is made in various subsections of this section to Tidewater, Virginia. For the purposes of identifying the affected regions assigned to this designation and the requirements therein Tidewater, Virginia is defined as the Counties of Accomack, Arlington, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, Essex, Fairfax, Gloucester, Hanover, Henrico, Isle of Wight, James City, King George, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Northampton, Northumberland, Prince George, Prince William, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Surry, Westmoreland and York and the Cities of Alexandria, Chesapeake, Colonial Heights, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Hampton, Hopewell, Newport News, Norfolk, Petersburg, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Richmond, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg. (a) Erosion and Siltation: The Contractor shall exercise every reasonable precaution, including temporary and permanent soil stabilization measures, throughout the duration of the project to control erosion and prevent siltation of adjacent lands, rivers, streams, wetlands, lakes, and impoundments. Soil stabilization and/or erosion control measures shall be applied to erodible soil or ground materials exposed by any activity associated with construction, including clearing, grubbing, and grading, but not limited to local or on-site sources of materials, stockpiles, disposal areas and haul roads. The Contractor shall comply with the requirements of Sections 301.02 and 303.03. Should the Contractor as a result of negligence or noncompliance leave an area exposed more than 15 days, the cost of temporary soil stabilization in accordance with the provisions of Section 303 shall be at the Contractor’s expense. If the delay in stabilizing an exposed area of land is due to circumstances beyond the Contractor’s control, the Department will be responsible for the expense. Temporary measures shall be coordinated with the work to ensure effective and continuous erosion and sediment control. Permanent erosion control measures and drainage facilities shall be installed as the work progresses. 81 107.16 For projects that disturb 10,000 square feet or greater of land or 2,500 square feet or greater in Tidewater, Virginia, the Contractor shall have within the limits of the project during land disturbance activities, an employee certified by the Department in Erosion and Sediment control who shall inspect erosion and siltation control devices and measures for proper installation and operation immediately after each rainfall, at least daily during periods of prolonged rainfall, and weekly when no rainfall event occurs and promptly report their findings to the Inspector. Failure of the Contractor to maintain a certified employee within the limits of the project will result in the Engineer suspending work related to any land disturbing activity until such time as a certified employee is present on the project. Failure on the part of the Contractor to maintain appropriate erosion and siltation control devices in a functioning condition may result in the Engineer notifying the Contractor in writing of specific deficiencies. Deficiencies shall be corrected immediately. If the Contractor fails to correct or take appropriate actions to correct the specified deficiencies within 24 hours after receipt of such notification, the Department may do one or more of the following: require the Contractor to suspend work in other areas and concentrate efforts towards correcting the specified deficiencies, withhold payment of monthly progress estimates, or proceed to correct the specified deficiencies and deduct the entire cost of such work from monies due the Contractor. Failure on the part of the Contractor to maintain a Department certified erosion and sediment control employee within the project limits when land disturbance activities are being performed will result in the Engineer suspending work related to any land disturbance activity until such time as the Contractor is in compliance with this requirement. (b) Pollution: 1. Water: The Contractor shall exercise every reasonable precaution throughout the duration of the project to prevent pollution of rivers, streams, and impoundments. Pollutants such as, but not limited to, chemicals, fuels, lubricants, bitumens, raw sewage, paints, sedimentation, and other harmful material shall not be discharged into or alongside rivers, streams, or impoundments or into channels leading to them. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a contingency plan for reporting and immediate actions to be taken in the event of a dump, discharge, or spill within eight hours after he has mobilized to the project site. Construction discharge water shall be filtered to remove deleterious materials prior to discharge into state waters. Filtering shall be accomplished by the use of a standard dewatering basin or a dewatering bag. Dewatering bags shall conform to the requirements of Section 245. During specified spawning seasons, discharges and construction activities in spawning areas of state waters shall be restricted so as not to disturb or inhibit aquatic species that are indigenous to the waters. Neither water nor other effluence shall be discharged onto wetlands or breeding or nesting areas of migratory waterfowl. When used extensively in wetlands, heavy equipment shall be placed on mats. Temporary construction fills and mats in wetlands and flood plains shall be constructed of approved nonerodible materials and shall be removed by the Contractor to natural ground when the Engineer so directs. If the Contractor dumps, discharges, or spills any oil or chemical that reaches or has the potential to reach a waterway, he shall immediately notify all appropriate jurisdictional state and federal agencies in accordance with the requirements of Section 107.01 and shall take immediate actions to contain, remove, and properly dispose of the oil or chemical. 82 107.16 Excavation material shall be disposed of in approved areas above the mean high water mark shown on the plans in a manner that will prevent the return of solid or suspended materials to state waters. If the mark is not shown on the plans, the mean high water mark shall be considered the elevation of the top of stream banks. Constructing new bridge(s) and dismantling and removing existing bridge(s) shall be accomplished in a manner that will prevent the dumping or discharge of construction or disposable materials into rivers, streams, or impoundments. Construction operations in rivers, streams, or impoundments shall be restricted to those areas where identified on the plans and to those that must be entered for the construction of structures. Rivers, streams, and impoundments shall be cleared of falsework, piling, debris, or other obstructions placed therein or caused by construction operations. Stabilization of the streambed and banks shall occur immediately upon completion of work if work is suspended for more than 15 days. The Contractor shall prevent stream constriction that would reduce stream flows below the minimum, as defined by the State Water Control Board, during construction operations. If it is necessary to relocate an existing stream or drainage facility temporarily to facilitate construction, the Contractor shall design and provide temporary channels or culverts of adequate size to carry the normal flow of the stream or drainage facility. The Contractor shall submit a temporary relocation design to the Engineer for review and acceptance in sufficient time to allow for discussion and correction prior to beginning the work the design covers. Costs for the temporary relocation of the stream or drainage facility shall be included in the Contract price for the related pipe or box culvert, unless specifically provided for under another Pay Item. Stabilization of the streambed and banks shall occur immediately upon completion of, or during the work or if the work is suspended for more than 15 days. Temporary bridges or other minimally invasive structures shall be used wherever the Contractor finds it necessary to cross a stream more than twice in a 6 month period, unless otherwise authorized by water quality permits issued by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Virginia Marine Resources Commission or the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality for the Contract. 2. Air: The Contractor shall comply with the provisions of Section 107.01 and the State Air Pollution Control Law and Rules of the State Air Pollution Control Board, including notifications required therein. Burning shall be performed in accordance with all applicable local laws and ordinances and under the constant surveillance of watchpersons. Care shall be taken so that the burning of materials does not destroy or damage property or cause excessive air pollution. The Contractor shall not burn rubber tires, asphalt, used crankcase oil, or other materials that produce dense smoke. Burning shall not be initiated when atmospheric conditions are such that smoke will create a hazard to the motoring public or airport operations. Provisions shall be made for flagging vehicular traffic if visibility is obstructed or impaired by smoke. At no time shall a fire be left unattended. 83 107.16 Asphalt mixing plants shall be designed, equipped, and operated so that the amount and quality of air pollutants emitted will conform to the rules of the State Air Pollution Control Board. Emission standards for asbestos incorporated in the EPA’s National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants apply to the demolition or renovation of any institutional, commercial, or industrial building, structure, facility, installation, or portion thereof that contains friable asbestos or where the Contractor’s methods for such actions will produce friable asbestos. 3. Noise: The Contractor’s operations shall be performed so that exterior noise levels measured during a noise-sensitive activity shall not exceed 80 decibels. Such noise level measurements shall be taken at a point on the perimeter of the construction limit that is closest to the adjoining property on which a noise sensitive activity is occurring. A noise-sensitive activity is any activity for which lowered noise levels are essential if the activity is to serve its intended purpose and not present an unreasonable public nuisance. Such activities include, but are not limited to, those associated with residences, hospitals, nursing homes, churches, schools, libraries, parks, and recreational areas. The Department may monitor construction-related noise. If construction noise levels exceed 80 decibels during noise sensitive activities, the Contractor shall take corrective action before proceeding with operations. The Contractor shall be responsible for costs associated with the abatement of construction noise and the delay of operations attributable to noncompliance with these requirements. The Department may prohibit or restrict to certain portions of the project any work that produces objectionable noise between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. If other hours are established by local ordinance, the local ordinance shall govern. Equipment shall in no way be altered so as to result in noise levels that are greater than those produced by the original equipment. When feasible, the Contractor shall establish haul routes that direct his vehicles away from developed areas and ensure that noise from hauling operations is kept to a minimum. These requirements shall not be applicable if the noise produced by sources other than the Contractor’s operation at the point of reception is greater than the noise from the Contractor’s operation at the same point. (c) Forests: The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent and suppress forest fires in any area involved in construction operations or occupied by him as a result of such operations. The Contractor shall cooperate with the proper authorities of the state and federal governments in reporting, preventing, and suppressing forest fires. Labor, tools, or equipment furnished by the Contractor upon the order of any forest official issued under authority granted the official by law shall not be considered a part of the Contract. The Contractor shall negotiate with the proper forest official for compensation for such labor, tools, or equipment (d) Archeological, Paleontological, and Rare Mineralogical Findings: In the event of the discovery of prehistoric ruins, Indian or early settler sites, burial grounds, relics, fossils, me84 107.16 teorites, or other articles of archeological, paleontological, or rare mineralogical interest during the prosecution of work, the Contractor shall act immediately to suspend work at the site of the discovery and notify the Engineer. The Engineer will immediately notify the proper state authority charged with the responsibility of investigating and evaluating such finds. The Contractor shall cooperate and, upon the request of the Engineer, assist in protecting, mapping, and removing the findings. Labor, tools, or equipment furnished by the Contractor for such work will be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 104.03. Findings shall become the property of the Commonwealth unless they are located on federal lands, in which event they shall become the property of the U.S. government. When such findings delay the progress or performance of the work, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer in accordance with the provisions of Sections 108.03 and Section 109.05. (e) Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is comprised of, but not limited to, the Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) Plan, the Stormwater Management (SWM) Plan and related Specifications and Standards contained within all contract documents and shall be required for all land-disturbing activities that disturb 10,000 square feet or greater, or 2,500 square feet or greater in Tidewater, Virginia. For land-disturbing activities that disturb 1 acre or greater, or 2500 square feet or greater in an area designated as a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area, coverage under the Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Virginia Stormwater Management Program (VSMP) General Construction Permit DCR-01 is required. Where applicable, the Department will apply for and retain coverage under this permit for the land disturbing activity. The requirements of this permit will be satisfied by the Contractor’s compliance with the project’s SWPPP terms and conditions. The Contractor shall be responsible for reading, understanding, and complying with the terms and conditions of the DCR-01 General Permit and the project’s SWPPP as follows: 1. Project Implementation Responsibilities The Contractor shall be responsible for the installation, maintenance, inspection, and ensuring the functionality of all erosion and sediment control measures on a daily basis and all other stormwater and pollutant runoff control measures identified within or referenced within the plans, Specifications, permits, and other contract documents. The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to prevent or minimize any stormwater or non-stormwater discharge that will have a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or public and/or private properties. 2. Certification Requirements In addition to satisfying the personnel certification requirements contained herein, the Contractor shall certify his activities by completing, signing, and submitting Form C45 VDOT SWPPP Contractor and Subcontractor Certification Statement to the Engineer at least 7 days prior to commencing any project related land-disturbing activities, both on-site and off-site. 85 107.16 3. Off Site (Outside the Construction Limits) Requirements The Contractor shall develop erosion and sediment control plan(s) and stormwater pollution prevention plan(s) for submission and acceptance by the Engineer prior to usage of any support facilities, off-site borrow and disposal areas, construction materials or equipment storage areas, and any other areas that may generate a stormwater or nonstormwater discharge directly related to the construction process. Such plans, upon acceptance, shall become a part of and subject to the overall project plan, the VSMP General Construction Permit, and all other contract requirements. 4. Reporting Procedures a. Inspection Requirements The Contractor shall be responsible for conducting inspections in accordance with the requirements herein. The Contractor shall document such inspections by completion of Form C-107 (a) and (b), Construction Runoff Control Inspection Form and Continuation Sheet, in strict accordance with the directions contained within the form. b. Unauthorized Discharge Requirements The Contractor shall not discharge into state waters sewage, industrial wastes, other wastes or any noxious or deleterious substances nor shall otherwise alter the physical, chemical, or biological properties of such waters that render such waters detrimental for or to domestic use, industrial consumption, recreational or other public uses. (1) Notification of non-compliant discharges The Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer upon the discovery of or potential of any unauthorized, unusual, extraordinary, or non-compliant discharge from the land disturbing activity. Where immediate notification is not possible, such notification shall be not later than 24 hours after said discovery. (2) Detailed report requirements for non-compliant discharges The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer within 5 days of the discovery of any actual or potential non-compliant discharge a written report describing details of the discharge to include its volume, location, cause, and any apparent or potential effects on private and/or public properties and state waters or endangerment to public health, as well as steps being taken to eliminate the discharge. A completed Form C-107 (a) and (b) shall be used for such reports. 5. Plans, Changes, Deficiencies and Revisions a. Contractor SWPPP 86 107.17 The Contractor shall develop and provide a SWPPP that documents the location and description of potential pollutant sources such as vehicle fueling areas, storage areas for fertilizers or chemicals, sanitary waste facilities, construction and waste material storage areas, etc. prior to any such pollutant sources being established on the project site. Such plans and documentation shall include a description of the controls to reduce, prevent and control pollutants from these sources including spill prevention and response. The Contractor shall submit such plans and documentation as specified herein to the Engineer and, upon review and approval, they shall immediately become a component of the project’s SWPPP and subject to all corresponding requirements contained therein. The Contractor shall ensure that the SWPPP is kept on the project site at all times in accordance with the provisions of Section 105.10 and shall be available for review upon request. b. Changes and Deficiencies The Contractor shall report to the Engineer when any planned physical alterations or additions are made to the land disturbing activity or deficiencies in the project plans or contract documents are discovered that could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of the pollutants discharged from the land disturbing activity to surface waters. c. Revisions to the SWPPP Where site conditions or construction sequencing or scheduling necessitates revisions or modifications to the erosion and sediment control plan or other any other component of the SWPPP for the land disturbing activity, such revisions or modifications shall be approved by the Engineer and shall be documented by the Contractor on a designated plan set (Record Set). Such plans shall be kept on the project site at all times and shall be available for review upon request. 107.17—Construction Safety and Health Standards Compliance with construction safety and health standards is a condition of the Contract, and shall be made a condition of each subcontract entered into pursuant to the Contract, that the Contractor and any subcontractor shall not require any worker employed in performance of the Contract to work in surroundings or under working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to their health or safety, as determined under construction safety and health standards promulgated by the U.S. Secretary of Labor in accordance with the requirements of Section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act. The Contractor shall comply with the Virginia Occupational Safety and Health Standards adopted under the Code of Virginia and the duties imposed under the Code. Any violation of the requirements or duties that is brought to the attention of the Contractor by the Engineer or any other person shall be immediately abated. At a minimum, all Contractor personnel shall comply with the following, unless otherwise determined unsafe or inappropriate in accordance with OSHA regulations: 87 107.17 1. Hard hats shall be worn while participating in or observing all types of field work when outside of a building or outside of the cab of a vehicle, and exposed to, participating in or supervising construction. 2. Respiratory protective equipment shall be worn whenever an individual is exposed to any item listed in the OSHA Standards as needing such protection unless it is shown that the employee is protected by engineering controls. 3. Adequate eye protection shall be worn in the proximity of grinding, breaking of rock and/or concrete, while using brush chippers, striking metal against metal or when working in situations where the eyesight may be in jeopardy. 4. A safety vest shall be worn by all exposed to vehicular traffic and construction equipment. 5. Standards and guidelines of the current Virginia Work Area Protection Manual shall be used when setting, reviewing, maintaining, and removing traffic controls. 6. Flaggers shall be certified in accordance with the Virginia Flagger Certification Program. 7. No person shall be permitted to position themselves under any raised load or between hinge points of equipment without first taking steps to support the load by the placing of a safety bar or blocking. 8. Explosives shall be purchased, transported, stored, used and disposed of by a Virginia State Certified Blaster in possession of a current criminal history record check and a commercial driver’s license with hazardous materials endorsement and a valid medical examiner’s certificate. All Federal, State and local regulations pertaining to explosives shall be strictly followed. 9. All electrical tools shall be adequately grounded or double insulated. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protection must be installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC) and current Virginia Occupational Safety and Health agency (VOSH). If extension cords are used, they shall be free of defects and designed for their environment and intended use. 10. No person shall enter a confined space without training, permits and authorization. 11. Fall protection shall be required whenever an employee is exposed to a fall six feet or greater. 107.18—Sanitary Provisions The Contractor shall provide and maintain in a neat, sanitary condition such accommodations for the use of employees as may be necessary to comply with the requirements of the state and local Board of Health or other bodies or tribunals having jurisdiction. 88 107.19 107.19—Railway-Highway Provisions If the Contractor’s work requires hauling materials across the tracks of a railway, he shall make arrangements with the railway for any new crossing(s) required. Access to existing rail crossings with off-road heavy equipment shall also be arranged by the Contractor. Charges made by the railway company for the construction or use of new or existing crossings and their subsequent removal and for watchperson or flagger service at such crossings shall be reimbursed by the Contractor directly to the railway company under the terms of their separate individual arrangements before final acceptance. Work to be performed by the Contractor in construction on or over the railway right of way shall be performed at times and in a manner that will not unnecessarily interfere with the movement of trains or traffic on the railway track. The Contractor shall use care to avoid accidents, damage, or unnecessary delay or interference with the railway company’s trains or other property. If any interruption of railway traffic is required by the Contractor’s actions, he shall obtain prior written approval from the railway company. The Contractor shall conduct operations that occur on or over the right of way of any railway company fully within the rules, regulations, and requirements of the railway company and in accordance with the requirements of any agreements made between the Department and the railway company that are a part of the Contract. Said agreements are included within the Contract Documents. (a) Flagger or Watchperson Services: Flagger or watchperson services required by the railway company for the safety of railroad operations because of work being performed by the Contractor or incidental thereto will be provided by the railway company. The cost for such services as required for work shown on the plans will be borne by the Department. Any cost of such services resulting from work not shown on the plans or for the Contractor’s convenience shall be borne by the Contractor and shall be paid directly to the railway company(s) under the terms of their separate individual agreement. No work shall be undertaken on or over the railway right of way until the watchpersons or flaggers are present at the project site. The Contractor shall continuously prosecute the affected work to completion to minimize the need for flagger or watchperson services. Costs for such services that the Engineer determines to be unnecessary because of the Contractor’s failure to give notice as required herein before initially starting, intermittently continuing, or discontinuing work on or over the railway right of way shall be borne by the Contractor and will be deducted from monies due him. (b) Approval of Construction Methods on Railway Right of Way: The Contractor shall submit to the Department a plan of operations showing the design and method of proposed structural operations and shall obtain its approval before performing any work on the railway company’s right of way unless otherwise indicated in the railroad agreement. The plan shall be clear and legible, and details shall be drawn to scale. The plan shall incorporate any stipulations or requirements the railroad may impose for the evaluation of the Contractor’s contemplated operations. The plan shall show, but not be limited to, the following: 1. proximity of construction operations to tracks 2. depth of excavation with respect to tracks 3. description of structural units 89 107.19 4. vertical and horizontal clearances to be afforded the railroad during installation and upon completion of excavation 5. sheeting and bracing 6. method and sequence of operations Approval shall not relieve the Contractor of any liability under the Contract. The Contractor shall arrange the work so as not to interfere with the railway company’s operation except by agreement with the railway company. (c) Insurance: In addition to insurance or bonds required under the terms of the Contract, the Contractor shall carry insurance covering operations affecting the property of the railway company. The original railroad protective liability insurance policy and certificate of insurance showing insurance carried by the Contractor and any subcontractors shall be submitted to the railway company for approval and retention. Neither the Contractor nor any subcontractor shall begin any work affecting the railway company until the railway company has received the insurance. Notice of any material change in or cancellation of the required policies shall be furnished the Department and the railway company at least 30 days prior to the effective date of the change or cancellation. The insurance shall be of the following kinds and amounts: 1. Contractor’s public liability and property damage insurance: The Contractor shall furnish evidence to the Department with respect to the operations to be performed that he carries regular contractor’s public liability insurance. The insurance shall provide for a limit of at least the dollar value specified in the Contract for all damages arising out of bodily injuries to or the death of one person, and subject to that limit for each person, a total limit of at least the dollar value specified in the Contract for all damages arising out of bodily injuries to or death of two or more persons in any one occurrence, and regular contractor’s property damage insurance providing for a limit of at least the dollar value specified in the Contract for all damages arising out of bodily injury to or destruction of property in any one occurrence, and subject to that limit per occurrence, a total or aggregate limit of at least the dollar value specified in the Contract for all damages arising out of injury to or destruction of property during the policy period. The Contractor’s public liability and property damage insurance shall include explosion, collapse, and underground damage coverage. If the Contractor subcontracts any portion of the work, he shall secure insurance protection in his own behalf under the Contract’s public liability and property damage insurance policies to cover any liability imposed on him by law for damages because of bodily injury to, or death of persons and injury to, or destruction of property as a result of work undertaken by the subcontractors. In addition, the Contractor shall provide similar insurance protection for and on behalf of any subcontractors to cover their operation by means of separate and individual contractor’s public liability and property damage policies. As an alternative, he shall require each subcontractor to provide such insurance in his own behalf. 2. Railroad protective insurance and public liability and property damage: The policy furnished the railway company shall include coverage for contamination, pollution, explosion, collapse, and underground damage. The policy shall be of the type specified hereinafter and shall be expressed in standard language that may not be amended. No 90 107.19 part shall be omitted except as indicated hereinafter or by an endorsement that states an amendment or exclusion of some provision of the form in accordance with the provisions of a manual rule. The form of the endorsement shall be approved as may be required by the supervising authority of the state in which the policy is issued. A facsimile of the Policy Declarations form as shown in the proposal shall be made a part of the policy and shall be executed by an officer of the insurance company. The several parts of the requirements and stipulations specified or inferred herein may appear in the policy in such sequence as the company may elect. a. For a policy issued by one company: (NAME AND LOCATION OF INDEMNITY COMPANY), a (Type of Company) Insurance Company, herein called the Company, agrees with the insured named in the Policy Declarations made a part hereof, in consideration of the payment of the premium and in reliance upon the statements in the Policy Declarations made by the named insured and subject to all of the terms of his policy. For a policy issued by two companies: (NAME AND LOCATION OF INDEMNITY COMPANY) and (NAME AND LOCATION OF INDEMNITY COMPANY), each a Insurance Company, herein called the Company, (Type of Company) severally agree with the insured named in the Policy Declarations made a part hereof, in consideration of the payment of the premium and in reliance upon the statements in the Policy Declaration made by the named insured and subject to all of the terms of this policy, provided the named Indemnity Company shall be the insured with respect to Coverage and no other and the named Insurance Company shall be the insurer with respect to Coverage and no other. b. Insuring agreements: (1) Coverages: Coverage A—Bodily injury liability: To pay on behalf of the insured all sums that the insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of bodily injury, sickness, or disease including death at any time resulting therefrom (hereinafter called bodily injury) either (1) sustained by any person arising out of acts or omissions at the designated job site that are related to or are in connection with the work described in Item 6 of the Policy Declarations; or (2) sustained at the designated job site by the Contractor, any employee of the Contractor, any employee of the governmental authority specified in Item 5 of the Policy Declarations, or any designated employee of the insured, whether or not arising out of such acts or omissions. Coverage B—Property damage liability: To pay on behalf of the insured all sums the insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of physical injury to or destruction of property, including loss of use of any property because of such injury or destruction (hereinafter called property damage) arising out of acts or omissions at the designated job site that are 91 107.19 related to or are in connection with the work described in Item 6 of the Policy Declarations. Coverage C—Physical damage to property: To pay for direct and accidental loss of or damage to rolling stock and other contents, mechanical construction equipment, or motive power equipment (hereinafter called loss) arising out of acts or omissions at the designated job site that are related to or are in connection with the work described in Item 6 of the Policy Declarations; provided such property is owned by the named insured or is leased or entrusted to the named insured under a lease or trust agreement. (2) Definitions: Insured means and includes the named insured and any executive officer, director, or stockholder thereof while acting within the scope of his duties as such. Contractor means the Contractor designated in Item 4 of the Policy Declarations and includes all subcontractors of the Contractor but not the named insured. Designated employee of the insured means (1) any supervisory employee of the insured at the job site; (2) any employee of the insured while operating, attached to, or engaged on work trains or other railroad equipment at the job site that is assigned exclusively to the Contractor; or (3) any employee of the insured not within (1) or (2) who is specifically loaned or assigned to the work of the Contractor for prevention of accidents or protection of property, the cost of whose services is borne specifically by the Contractor or governmental authority. Contract means any contract or agreement to carry a person or property for a consideration or any lease, trust, or interchange contract or agreement respecting motive power, rolling stock, or mechanical construction equipment. (3) Defense and settlement supplementary payments: With respect to such insurance as is afforded by this policy under Coverages A and B, the Company shall defend any suit against the insured alleging such bodily injury or property damage and seeking damages that are payable under the terms of this policy, even if any of the allegations of the suit are groundless, false, or fraudulent. However, the Company may make such investigation and settlement of any claim or suit as it deems expedient. In addition to the applicable limits of liability, the Company shall pay (1) all expenses incurred by the company, all costs taxed against the insured in any such suit, and all interest on the entire amount of any judgment therein that accrues after entry of the judgment and before the Company has paid or tendered or deposited in court that part of the judgment that does not exceed the limit of the Company’s liability thereon; (2) premiums on appeal bonds required in any such suit and premiums on bonds to release attachments for an amount not in excess of the applicable limit of liability of this policy, but without obligation to apply for or furnish any such bonds; (3) expenses incurred by the insured for first aid to others that shall be imperative at the 92 107.19 time of the occurrence; and (4) all reasonable expenses, other than loss of earnings, incurred by the insured at the Company’s request. (4) Policy period and territory: This policy applies only to occurrences and losses during the policy period and within the United States, its territories or possessions, or Canada. c. Exclusions: This policy does not apply to the following: (1) liability assumed by the insured under any contract or agreement except a contract as defined herein (2) bodily injury or property damage caused intentionally by or at the direction of the insured (3) bodily injury, property damage, or loss that occurs after notification to the named insured of the acceptance of the work by the governmental authority, other than bodily injury, property damage, or loss resulting from the existence or removal of tools, uninstalled equipment, and abandoned or unused materials (4) under Coverage A(1), B, and C, to bodily injury, property damage, or loss, the sole proximate cause of which is an act or omission of any insured (5) under Coverage A, to any obligation for which the insured or any carrier as his insurer may be held liable under any workers’ compensation, employment compensation, or disability benefits law or under any similar law; provided that the Federal Employer’s Liability Act, U.S. Code (1946) Title 45, Sections 51-60, as amended, shall for the purpose of this insurance be deemed not to be any similar law (6) under Coverage B, to injury to or destruction of property owned by the named insured or leased or entrusted to the named insured under a lease or trust agreement (7) under any liability coverage, to injury, sickness, disease, death, or destruction (1) with respect to which an insured under the policy is also an insured under a nuclear energy liability policy issued by the Nuclear Energy Liability Insurance Association, Mutual Atomic Energy Liability Underwriters, or Nuclear Insurance Association of Canada or would be an insured under any such policy but for its termination upon exhaustion of its limit of liability; or (2) resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material and with respect to which any person or organization is required to maintain financial protection pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or any law amendatory thereof or the insured is (or had this policy not been issued would be) entitled to indemnity from the United States or any agency thereof under any agreement entered into by the United States, or any agency thereof, with any person or organization (8) under any Medical Payments Coverage or any Supplementary Payments provision relating to immediate medical or surgical relief or to expenses in93 107.19 curred with respect to bodily injury, sickness, disease, or death resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material and arising out of the operation of a nuclear facility by any person or organization (9) under any liability coverage, to injury, sickness, disease, death, or destruction resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material if (1) the nuclear material is at any nuclear facility owned or operated by or on behalf of an insured or has been discharged or dispersed therefrom; (2) the nuclear material is contained in spent fuel or waste at any time possessed, handled, used, processed, stored, transported, or disposed of by or on behalf of an insured; or (3) the injury, sickness, disease, death, or destruction arises out of the furnishing by an insured of services, materials, or parts for equipment in connection with the planning, construction, maintenance, operation, or use of any nuclear facility; if such facility is located in the United States, its territories or possessions, or Canada, this exclusion applies only to injury to or destruction of property at such nuclear facility (10) under Coverage C, to loss attributable to nuclear reaction, nuclear radiation, or radioactive contamination or to any act or condition incident to any of the foregoing As used in exclusions (7), (8), and (9), the following definitions apply: Hazardous properties include radioactive, toxic, or explosive properties. Nuclear material means source material, special nuclear material, or byproduct material. Source material, special nuclear material, and byproduct material have the meanings given them in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or in any law amendatory thereof. Spent fuel means any fuel element or fuel component (solid or liquid) that has been used or exposed to radiation in a nuclear reaction. Disposable material means material containing byproduct material and resulting from the operation by any person or organization of any nuclear facility included in the definition of nuclear facility under 1 or 2 below. Nuclear facility means: (1) any nuclear reactor (2) any equipment or device designed or used for separating the isotopes of uranium or plutonium; processing or utilizing spent fuel; or handling, processing, or packaging waste (3) any equipment or device designed or used for the processing, fabricating, or alloying of special nuclear material if at any time the total amount of such material in the custody of the insured at the premises where such equipment or device is located consists of or contains more than 25 grams of plutonium or uranium 233 (or any combination thereof) or more than 250 grams of uranium 235 (4) any structure, basin, excavation, premises, or place prepared or used for the storage or disposal of waste (includes the site on which any of the foregoing is located, all operation conducted on such site, and all premises used for such operations) Nuclear reactor means any apparatus designed or used to sustain nuclear fission in a self-supporting chain reaction or to contain a critical mass of fissionable material. With respect to injury to or destruction of 94 107.19 property, injury or destruction includes all forms of radioactive contamination of property. d. Conditions: The following conditions, except conditions (3) through (12), apply to all coverages. Conditions (3) through (12) apply only to the coverage noted thereunder. (1) Premium: The premium bases and rates for the hazards described in the Policy Declarations are stated therein. Premium bases and rates for hazards not so described are those applicable in accordance with the requirements of the manuals used by the company. The term “contract cost” means the total cost of all work described in Item 6 of the Policy Declaration. The term “rental cost” means the total cost to the Contractor for rental or work trains or other railroad equipment, including the remuneration of all employees of the insured while operating, attached to, or engaged thereon. The advance premium stated in the Policy Declarations is an estimated premium only. Upon termination of this policy, the earned premium shall be computed in accordance with the Company’s rules, rates, rating plans, premiums, and minimum premiums applicable to this insurance. If the earned premium thus computed exceeds the estimated advance premium paid, the Company shall look to the Contractor specified in the Policy Declarations for any such excess. If the earned premium is less than the estimated advance premium paid, the Company shall return to the Contractor the unearned portion paid. In no event shall payment or premium be an obligation of the named insured. (2) Inspection: The named insured shall make available to the Company records of information relating to the subject matter of this insurance. The Company shall be permitted to inspect all operations in connection with the work described in Item 6 of the Policy Declarations. (3) Limits of liability, Coverage A: The limit of bodily injury liability stated in the Policy Declarations as applicable to “each person” is the limit of the Company’s liability for all damages (including damages for care and loss of services) arising out of bodily injury sustained by one person as the result of any one occurrence. The limit of such liability stated in the Policy Declarations as applicable to “each occurrence” is (subject to the provision respecting each person) the total limit of the Company’s liability for all such damage arising out of bodily injury sustained by two or more persons as the result of any one occurrence. (4) Limits of liability, Coverages B and C: The limit of liability under Coverages B and C stated in the Policy Declarations as applicable to “each occurrence” is the total limit of the Company’s liability for all damages and all loss under Coverages B and C combined arising out of physical injury to, destruction of, or loss of all property of one or more persons or organizations, including the loss or use of any property attributable to such injury or destruction under Coverage B, as the result of any one occurrence. Subject to the provision respecting “each occurrence”, the limit of liability under Coverages B and C stated in the Policy Declaration as “aggregate” is the total limit of the Company’s liability for all damages and all loss under Coverages B and C combined arising out of physical injury to, destruction of, or loss of 95 107.19 property, including the loss or use of any property attributable to such injury or destruction under Coverage B. Under Coverage C, the limit of the Company’s liability for loss shall not exceed the actual cash value of the property, or if the loss is a part thereof, the actual cash value of such part, at time of loss, nor what it would then cost to repair or replace the property of such part thereof with other of like kind and quality. (5) Severability of interests, Coverages A and B: The term the insured is used severally and not collectively. However, inclusion herein of more than one insured shall not operate to increase the limits of the Company’s liability. (6) Notice: In the event of an occurrence or loss, written notice containing particulars sufficient to identify the insured and also reasonably obtainable information with respect to the time, place, and circumstances thereof and the names and addresses of the injured and of able witnesses shall be given by or for the insured to the company or any of its authorized agents as soon as is practicable. If a claim is made or a suit is brought against the insured, he shall immediately forward to the Company every demand, notice, summons, or other process received by him or his representative. (7) Assistance and cooperation of the insured, Coverages A and B: The insured shall cooperate with the Company and upon the Company’s request attend hearings and trials and assist in making settlements, securing and giving evidence, obtaining the attendance of witnesses, and conducting suits. Except at his own cost, the insured shall not voluntarily make any payment, assume any obligations, or incur any expense other than for first aid to others that shall be imperative at the time of an accident. (8) Action against Company, Coverages A and B: No action shall lie against the Company unless as a condition precedent thereto the insured shall have fully complied with all the terms of this policy, nor until the amount of the insured’s obligation to pay shall have been finally determined either by judgment against the insured after actual trial or by written agreement of the insured, the claimant, and the Company. Any person or organization or the legal representative thereof who has secured such judgment or written agreement shall thereafter be entitled to recover under this policy to the extent of the insurance afforded by this policy. No person or organization shall have any right under this policy to join the Company as a part to any action against the insured to determine the insured’s liability. Bankruptcy or insolvency of the insured or of the insured’s estate shall not relieve the Company of any of its obligations hereunder. (9) Action against Company, Coverage C: No action shall lie against the Company unless as a condition precedent thereto there shall have been full compliance with all the terms of this policy nor until 30 days after proof of loss is filed and the amount of loss is determined as provided in this policy. (10) Insured’s duties in event of loss, Coverage C: In the event of loss, the insured shall protect the property, whether or not the loss is covered by this 96 107.19 policy. Any further loss attributable to the insured’s failure to protect shall not be recoverable under this policy. Reasonable expenses incurred in affording such protection shall be deemed incurred at the company’s request. The insured shall also file with the Company, as soon as practicable after loss, his sworn proof of loss in such form and including such information as the Company may reasonably require and shall, upon the Company’s request, exhibit the damaged property. (11) Appraisal, Coverage C: If the insured and the Company fail to agree as to the amount of loss, either may demand an appraisal of the loss within 60 days after the proof of loss is filed. In such event the insured and the Company shall each select a competent appraiser, and the appraisers shall select a competent and disinterested umpire. An award in writing or any two shall determine the amount of loss. The insured and the Company shall each pay his chosen appraiser and shall bear equally the other expenses of the appraisal and umpire. The Company shall not be held to have waived any of its rights by any act relating to appraisal. (12) Payment of loss, Coverage C: The Company may pay for the loss in money, but there shall be no abandonment of the damaged property to the Company. (13) No benefit to bailee coverage: The insurance afforded by this policy shall not enure directly or indirectly to the benefit of any carrier or bailee (other than the named insured) liable for loss to the property. (14) Subrogation: In the event of any payment under this policy, the Company shall be subrogated to all of the insured’s rights of recovery therefor against any person or organization. The insured shall execute and deliver instruments and papers and do whatever else is necessary to secure such rights. The insured shall do nothing after loss to prejudice such rights. (15) Application of insurance: The insurance afforded by this policy is primary insurance. If the insured has other primary insurance against a loss covered by this policy, the Company shall not be liable under the policy for a greater proportion of such loss than the applicable limit of liability stated in the Contract bears to the total applicable limit of all valid and equitable insurance against such loss. (16) 3-year policy: A policy period of 3 years is comprised of three consecutive annual periods. Computation and adjustment of earned premium shall be made at the end of each annual period. Aggregate limits of liability as stated in this policy shall apply separately to each annual period. (17) Changes: Notice to any agent of knowledge possessed by any agent or by any other person shall not affect a waiver or a change in any part of this policy or stop the Company from asserting any right under the terms except by endorsement issued to form a part of this policy signed by * provided, however, changes may be made in the written portion of the Policy Declaration by * when initialed 97 107.19 by such * this policy signed by such * company representatives.] or by endorsement issued to form a part of . [*Insert titles of authorized (18) Assignment: Assignment of interest under this policy shall not bind the Company until its consent is endorsed hereon. (19) Cancellation: This policy may be cancelled by the named insured by mailing to the Company written notice stating when the cancellation shall become effective. This policy may be cancelled by the Company by mailing to the named insured, Contractor, and governmental authority at the respective addresses shown in this policy written notice stating when such cancellation shall be effective (not less than 30 days thereafter). The mailing of notice shall be sufficient proof of notice. The effective date and hour of cancellation stated in the notice shall become the end of the policy period. Delivery of such written notice either by the named insured or the Company shall be equivalent to mailing. If the named insured cancels, the earned premium shall be computed in accordance with the customary short rate table and procedure. If the Company cancels, the earned premium shall be computed pro rata. The premium may be adjusted either at the time cancellation is effected or as soon as practicable after the cancellation becomes effective, but payment or tender of unearned premium is not a condition of cancellation. (20) Policy Declarations: By acceptance of this policy, the named insured agrees that such statements in the Policy Declarations as are made by him are his agreements and representations, that his policy is issued in reliance on the truth of such representations, and that this policy embodies all agreements existing between himself and the Company or any of its agents relating to this insurance. e. For a policy issued by one company: In witness whereof, the Indemnity Company has caused this policy to be signed by its president and a secretary at and countersigned on the Policy Declarations page by a duly authorized agent of the Company. (Facsimile of Signature) Secretary (Facsimile of Signature) President For a policy issued by two companies: In witness whereof, the Indemnity Company has caused this policy with respect to Coverages and such other parts of the policy as are applicable thereto to be signed by its president and a secretary at and countersigned on the Policy Declarations page by a duly authorized agent of the Company. (Facsimile of Signature) Secretary (Facsimile of Signature) President 98 107.20 (d) Submitting Copies of Insurance Policies: Prior to beginning construction operations on or over the railway right of way, the Contractor shall submit to the Department evidence of the railway company’s approval and a copy of the required insurance policies. The Commonwealth will not be responsible for any claims from the Contractor resulting from delay in the acceptance of any of these policies by the railway company other than consideration of an extension of time. If the delay is caused by the failure of the Contractor or his insurer to file the required insurance policies promptly, an extension of time will not be granted. (e) Beginning Construction: Preliminary contingent work or other work by the railway company may delay the starting or continuous prosecution of the work by the Contractor. The Contractor shall be satisfied as to the probable extent of such work and its effect on the operations prior to submitting a bid for the work. The Commonwealth will not be responsible for any claims by the Contractor resulting from such delays except that an extension of time may be considered. (f) Arranging for Tests: 1. Railroad specifications: When ordering materials that are to conform to railroad specifications, the Contractor shall notify the railway company, who will arrange for tests. The Contractor shall specify in each order that the materials are to be tested in accordance with the requirements of the railroad specifications and not those of the Department. 2. Highway Specifications: When ordering materials that are to conform to highway Specifications, the Contractor shall specify in each order that the materials are to be tested in accordance with the requirements of Department Specifications. 107.20—Construction Over or Adjacent to Navigable Waters The Department will obtain a permit from the U.S. Coast Guard for the anticipated construction and/or demolition activities of structures on Department projects that cross a waterway(s) under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Coast Guard. As the permit holder, the Department must apply to the U.S. Coast Guard for approval of permit modifications to the original Department permit that the Contractor requests. Prior to starting demolition or construction operations the Contractor shall meet with the Engineer and the U.S. Coast Guard (U.S. Coast Guard Coordination Meeting) to present its planned operations and the potential impacts those operations may pose to water traffic. As part of this meeting, the parties shall establish in writing the proper protocol for emergency closures and be governed accordingly. (a) Activities subject to Coast Guard regulation under the Permit. Following the U.S. Coast Guard Coordination meeting, the Contractor shall submit its proposed schedule of operations in writing to the Engineer. The Engineer shall review and provide written comments, if applicable, to the Contractor within 7 calendar days following receipt of the Contractor’s schedule of operations. The Contractor shall incorporate the Engineer’s comments and submit its notice of scheduled operations to the Engineer and to the U.S. Coast Guard at least 30 days prior to commencement of any permitted construction or demolition operations. U.S. Coast Guard acceptance of the Contractor’s written schedule of operations is a condition precedent to the Contractor’s commencement of those operations. 99 107.20 (b) Activities that require channel closures or restrictions. In addition to the submittal of its proposed schedule of operations as described in (a) above, Contractor shall submit plans that comply with the Permit for falsework, cofferdams, floating equipment and other obstructions to the channel or channels to the Engineer. The Contractor’s attention is directed to the possibility that advance notification for consideration of approval may vary depending on the type and duration of proposed closures, the time of year for requested closure(s), and location of existing bridge(s) and waterway(s) involved, and the impact to entities served along or through the waterway(s). The Engineer shall review and provide written comments, if applicable, to the Contractor within thirty (30) calendar days following receipt of the Contractor’s plans. The Contractor shall incorporate the Engineer’s comments and submit its plans to the Engineer and to the U.S. Coast Guard at least 30 days prior to commencement of any permitted construction or demolition operations. The Contractor may not commence activities that require channel closures or restrictions without the prior written approval of the Department and the U.S. Coast Guard. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all operational requirements that the U.S. Coast Guard may place on the Contractor as conditions of approval. In addition, the Contractor shall request and obtain Department and U.S. Coast Guard approval in writing before commencing any operations that deviate from the Contractor’s schedule of operations when these operations interfere or have the potential to interfere with navigation of water traffic outside of timeframes previously approved by the Department and the U.S. Coast Guard. Notices shall be sent to the U.S. Coast Guard, Fifth District Bridge Office (OBR), 431 Crawford Street, Portsmouth, VA 23704-5004. Payment of any penalty or fine that may be levied by the U.S. Coast Guard for Contractor violations of bridge regulations found in 33 CFR Parts 115, 116, 117 and 118 shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Further, any delay to the contract as a result of actions or inaction by the Contractor relative to the requirements herein that are determined by the Department to be the fault of the Contractor will not be compensable. The cost to comply with the requirements of this provision and to provide and maintain temporary navigation lights, signals and other temporary work associated with the structure(s) under this contract required by the U.S. Coast Guard for the protection of navigation during construction or demolition operations shall be included in price bid for other appropriate items. 107.21—Size and Weight Limitations (a) Hauling or Moving Material and Equipment on Public Roads Open to Traffic: The Contractor shall comply with legal size and weight limitations in the hauling or moving of material and equipment on public roads open to traffic unless the hauling or moving is covered by a hauling permit. (b) Hauling or Moving Material and Equipment on Public Roads Not Open to Traffic: The Contractor shall comply with legal weight limitations in the hauling or moving of material and equipment on public roads that are not open to traffic unless the hauling or moving is permitted elsewhere herein or is otherwise covered by a hauling permit. The Contractor shall be liable for damage that results from the hauling or moving of material and equipment. The hauling or moving of material and equipment on the pavement structure or across any structure during various stages of construction shall be subject to additional restrictions as specified or directed by the Engineer. 100 108.01 (c) Furnishing Items in Component Parts of Sections: If the size or weight of fabricated or manufactured items together with that of the hauling or moving vehicle exceeds the limitations covered by hauling permit policies and other means of transportation are not available, permission will be given to furnish the items in component parts of sections with adequately designed splices or connections at appropriate points. Permission for such adjustments shall be requested in writing, and approval in writing shall be secured from the Department prior to fabrication or manufacture of the items. The request shall state the reasons for adjustment and shall be accompanied by supporting data, including working drawings where necessary. SECTION 108—PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS OF WORK 108.01—Prosecution of Work The Contractor shall begin work within 15 calendar days of the date of contract execution unless otherwise permitted by specific language in the Contract or as permitted by the provisions of Section 108.02. Prior to beginning construction operations, the Contractor shall attend a pre-construction scheduling meeting to discuss the Contractor’s general plan of operations, work times, and proposed means and methods for accomplishing the work. The pre-construction scheduling meeting may be held in conjunction with the pre-construction conference or in a separate meeting as mutually agreed to by the Department and the Contractor. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient force of workers, materials, equipment, and tools; and shall prosecute the work with such diligence as is required to attain and maintain a rate of progress necessary to ensure completion of the project in accordance with the plans, specifications, and other requirements of the Contract. Once the Contractor has begun work, it shall be prosecuted continuously and to the fullest extent possible except for authorized suspensions ordered by the Engineer as defined in Section 108.05. If approval is given to discontinue the work temporarily, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 24 hours in advance of resuming operations. At least once every 30 days or as specified in the contract documents, the Contractor shall meet with the Engineer to discuss his current progress relative to his Schedule of Record (SOR) and to establish the approximate date for starting each critical inspection stage during the following 30 days. The Engineer shall be advised at least 24 hours in advance of any changes in the Contractor’s planned operations or critical stage work requiring inspection. For the purposes stated herein, the Schedule of Record (SOR) is defined in accordance with the provisions of Section 108.03. Work shall be conducted in such a manner and with sufficient materials, equipment, tools, and labor as are necessary to ensure its completion in accordance with the plans and these Specifications within the time limit specified in the Contract Documents. Once the Contractor has begun work, it shall be prosecuted continuously and to the fullest extent possible except for interruptions caused by weather or delays authorized or ordered by the Engineer. If approval is given to discontinue the work temporarily, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 24 hours in advance of resuming operations. 101 108.02 108.02—Limitation of Operations (a) General The Contractor shall conduct the work in a manner and sequence that will ensure its expeditious completion with the least interference to traffic and shall have due regard for the location of detours and provisions for handling traffic. The Contractor shall not open any work to the prejudice or detriment of work already started. The Engineer may require the Contractor to finish a section of work before work is started on any other section. (b) Holidays Except as is necessary to maintain traffic, work shall not be performed on Sundays or the following holidays without the permission of the Engineer: January 1, Easter, Memorial Day, July 4, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. If any of these holidays occurs on a Sunday, the following Monday shall be considered the holiday. 108.03—Progress Schedule General Requirements The Contractor shall plan and schedule the work on the project so as to complete the work within the time limit and budget established by the contract and shall submit his plan to accomplish these objectives in the form of a Progress Schedule for the Engineer’s review and acceptance. The Progress Schedule shall be used by the Engineer for planning, coordination and inspection activities, and for evaluation of the Contractor’s rate of progress and the effects of time-related impacts on the project. Prior to preparing the schedule, the Engineer or the Contractor may request a meeting to discuss any project specific items required for preparation of the progress schedule. The Contractor shall prepare and submit a practicable schedule to reflect a logical progress of the work. The progress schedule shall represent the Contractor’s overall work plan to accomplish the work in accordance with the requirements herein and those of the Contract as detailed in the Contract documents. It shall include all time-based tasks required for timely completion of the work, including as applicable the work to be performed by sub-contractors, suppliers, the Department, and/or others. When preparing the schedule, the Contractor shall consider all applicable constraints and restrictions such as seasonal, weather, traffic, utility, railroad, right-of-way, environmental, permits, and other limitations to the work. (a) Progress Schedule Requirements: 1. Baseline Progress Schedule – The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his Baseline Progress Schedule at least 7 calendar days prior to beginning work. The Baseline Progress Schedule submittal shall include three (3) sets of a written Progress Schedule Narrative and, where applicable, a Progress Earnings Schedule as defined below: a) Progress Schedule Narrative: The Progress Schedule Narrative shall consist of the following information, as applicable: i. A description of the Contractor’s overall plan of operations including the planned procedures and crew(s) required to accomplish each major operation; 102 108.03 ii. A Tabular Schedule to establish milestone(s) for completing each phase, feature, or stage of work as specified by contract or, where not specified by the contract, as determined by the Contractor. The schedule shall also indicate the planned sequence and start/finish dates for all time-based tasks required to complete each milestone; iii. A discussion on the working calendar with considerations for applicable constraints or restrictions; (i.e. normal weather, traffic, holidays, time of year, utility, etc.); iv. A description of any potential issues that may impact the schedule. b) Progress Earnings Schedule: Progress Earnings Schedule will not be required for projects with a contract duration of sixty (60) calendar days or less. The Progress Earnings Schedule shall be prepared on forms furnished by the Department to indicate the anticipated earnings for each payment period as of the Contractor’s payment cut-off date as determined in accordance with Section 109.08. Progress earnings shall be based on the total contract value. Total contract value will be considered to mean the original amount of the contract including any authorized adjustments in accordance with, but not limited to, the provisions of Sections 104 and 109.05. Payments for stored or stockpiled material in accordance with Section 109.09 of the Specifications will not be considered in the earnings schedule. 2. Revised Progress Schedule: The Contractor shall submit a Revised Progress Schedule as determined and requested by the Engineer, if prosecution of the work deviates significantly from the phasing, general sequence, or the proposed means and methods as represented on the Schedule of Record (SOR). The Contractor will also be required to submit a Revised Progress Schedule to reflect any impacts to the schedule for changes authorized by the Engineer including, but not limited to changes in the work in accordance with the requirements of Section 104 and Section 109.05 of the Specifications. The Contractor shall submit the Revised Progress Schedule within 10 calendar days of the date of the Engineer’s written request. The Revised Progress Schedule shall be in the form of a Revised Baseline Progress Schedule which shall reflect the actual progress of accomplished work (actual work to date), any impact of a change authorized by the Engineer, and the proposed time based plan for completing the remaining work. Upon acceptance by the Engineer, the latest Revised Progress Schedule shall replace the previously accepted Baseline or Revised Progress Schedule. 3. Failure to Furnish Progress Schedules – Work shall not commence until the Contractor submits his Baseline Progress Schedule in accordance with the requirements of this section, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Engineer. Delays in work resulting from the Contractor’s failure to provide the progress schedule will not be considered just cause for extension of the contract time limit or for additional compensation. (b) Review and Acceptance 103 108.03 The Engineer will review all progress schedule submittals within 7 calendar days of receipt of the Contractor’s complete submittal. Review and acceptance by the Engineer will be based on completeness and conformance with the requirements of this section, the Contract and the Specifications. If the Contractor’s Progress Schedule is deemed to be unacceptable, the Engineer will issue a written notification for resubmission describing the deficiencies in completeness or conformance prompting the Engineer’s decision. Upon acceptance, the Engineer will issue a written notice of acceptance that may include comments or concerns on the schedule. The Contractor shall respond within 7 calendar days of receipt of the Engineer’s comments, concerns or written notification for resubmission. Upon acceptance, the latest Baseline Progress Schedule or Revised Progress Schedule shall become the Schedule of Record (SOR). The SOR is defined as the currently accepted progress schedule by which all schedule references will be made and progress evaluated. Review and acceptance by the Engineer will not constitute a waiver of any contract requirements and will in no way assign responsibilities of the work plan, scheduling assumptions, and validity of the schedule to the Department. Failure of the Contractor to include in the Progress Schedule any element of work required for timely completion of the project shall not excuse the Contractor from completing the entire scope of work within the Contract specified completion milestone(s). (c) Monitoring the Work and Assessing Progress 1. Monitoring the Work– The Engineer will monitor the work regularly to identify any deviations from the Contractor’s scheduled performance relative to the currently accepted Baseline or Revised Progress Schedule. The Engineer may request a meeting with the Contractor to discuss the Contractor’s current progress or to establish the approximate date for starting each critical inspection stage during the following 30 days. At least once a week, the Contractor shall advise the Engineer of the approximate timing for anticipated critical stages for the subsequent week. The Engineer shall be advised at least 24 hours in advance of any changes in the Contractor’s planned operations or critical stage work requiring Department inspection. 2. Progress Evaluation– The Engineer will evaluate the Contractor’s progress monthly relative to the currently accepted Baseline or Revised Progress Schedule. The Contractor’s actual progress may be considered unsatisfactory if: a) The cumulative actual earnings for work completed is 10 or more percentage points behind the cumulative earnings for work scheduled; or b) Any interim milestone is later than the scheduled milestone by more than 7 calendar days or the projected project completion date is later than the contract completion date by the least of 14 calendar days or 10 percent of the remaining contract time. (d) Progress Deficiency and Schedule Slippage: When the Contractor’s actual progress is deemed to be unsatisfactory, the Engineer will issue a written notice of unsatisfactory performance to indicate that further actions may be taken as defined in Sections 102.01 and 109.08.of the Specifications, if progress remains unsatisfactory at the time of preparation of the next monthly progress estimate. Within 10 calendar days of the date of the Engineer’s 104 108.04 notice of unsatisfactory progress, the Contractor may submit to the Engineer, a recovery plan to reflect a proposed plan to correct the progress deficiency or schedule slippage, or submit to the Engineer a written explanation and supporting documentation to establish that such delinquency is due to conditions beyond the Contractor’s control. Any schedule revisions resulting from a recovery plan will be reviewed in accordance with subsection (c) herein, but shall not replace the SOR. 108.04—Determination and Extension of Contract Time Limit The Contract time limit for completion will be determined by the Department and specified in the Contract Documents. No request for an extension of time will be considered that is based on any claim that the contract time limit as originally established was inadequate. With a fixed date contract when the date of contract execution is not within 60 calendar days after the opening of bids, or when the Contractor is unable to commence work because of any failure of the Department, or when the Contractor is delayed because of the fault of the Department, the Contractor will be given an extension of time based on the number of days delayed beyond the 60 calendar days. No time extension will be allowed for a delay in the date of contract execution when the delay is the fault of the Contractor. The Engineer will determine if an extension of the Contract time limit for completion is warranted by additions to the Contract. The Contractor shall inform the Department, in writing, of a request for time extensions in his Work Order in accordance with the applicable portion(s) of Section 104 or 109. The Contractor shall provide written supporting data for any request for extension of time due to quantity additions and or additional or altered work. During prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall identify the causes for any delays attributable to conditions he deems to be beyond his control and shall identify the particular construction operations affected, their criticality to project milestones or overall contract completion, and the significant dates that encompass the periods of delay. The Contractor shall furnish all such information necessary for the Department to make an adequate evaluation of any claim received from the Contractor for an extension of the contract time limit within three days of experiencing such a delay. (a) Fixed Date: Unless otherwise indicated in the Contract, the contract time limit will be specified as a fixed date for completion. The Contractor shall take into consideration normal conditions considered unfavorable for the prosecution of the work, and shall place sufficient workers and equipment on the project to complete the work in accordance with the specified contract time limit. The Engineer may give consideration for extension of time when a delay occurs due to unforeseen causes beyond the control of or without the fault or negligence of the Contractor. However, consideration will not be given to extensions of time attributable to normal weather conditions or conditions resulting from normal weather. For the purposes of this Section normal weather is defined as that which is not considered extraordinary or catastrophic and is not reasonably conducive to the Contractor progressively prosecuting critical path work under the Contract. Weather events considered extraordinary or catastrophic include, but are not limited to tornados, hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods that exceed a 25-year storm event as defined by National Oceanic and Atmospheric 105 108.04 Administration (NOAA) for the NOAA data gathering location that is nearest the project site. If there is a delay in the progress of the work due to unforeseen causes described within these Specifications, and the delay extends the contract time limit into the period between November 30 of one year and April 1 of the following year and working conditions during such period are unsuitable for the continuous prosecution or completion of the work, then consideration may only be given to granting an extension of time that will encompass a suitable period during which such work can be expeditiously and acceptably performed. 108.05—Suspension of Work Ordered by the Engineer If the performance of all or any portion of the work is suspended or delayed by the Engineer in writing for an unreasonable period of time (not originally anticipated, customary, or inherent to the construction industry) and the Contractor believes that additional compensation and/or contract time is due as a result of such suspension or delay, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer in writing a request for adjustment within seven calendar days of receipt of the notice to resume work. The request shall set forth the reasons and support for such adjustment. Upon receipt, the Engineer will review the Contractor’s documentation and evaluate the Contractor’s request. If the Engineer agrees that the cost and/or time required for the performance of the contract has increased as a result of such suspension and the suspension was caused by conditions beyond the control of and not the fault of the Contractor, his suppliers, or subcontractors at any approved tier, and was not caused by normal weather, the Engineer will make an adjustment (excluding profit) and modify the contract in writing accordingly. The Engineer will notify the Contractor of the determination regarding whether or not an adjustment of the contract is warranted. No contract adjustment will be allowed unless the Contractor has submitted the request for adjustment within the time prescribed. No contract adjustment will be allowed under this clause to the extent that performance would have been suspended or delayed by any other cause, or for which an adjustment is provided for or excluded under any other term or condition of the contract. 108.06—Failure To Complete on Time (a) General For each calendar day that any work remains incomplete after the contract time limit specified for the completion of the work, the Department will assess liquidated damages against the Contractor. Liquidated damages will be assessed at the rate applicable to the Contract in accordance with the Schedule of Liquidated Damages, Table I-1, or as otherwise specified in the contract provisions. Liquidated damages will be deducted from any monies due the Contractor for each calendar day of additional time consumed until final completion and acceptance of the work, subject to such adjustments as provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.04, not as a penalty, but as liquidated damages.. The Contractor waives any defense as to the validity of any liquidated damages stated in the Contract, the Contract Documents, or these Specifications and assessed by the Department against the 106 108.07 Contractor on the grounds that such liquidated damages are void as penalties or are not reasonably related to actual damages. (b) Liquidated Damages. The following Schedule of Liquidated Damages, representing the cost of administration, engineering, supervision, inspection and other expenses, will be charged against the Contractor for each calendar day beyond the fixed contract time that the Contract remains in an incomplete state: TABLE I-1 Schedule of Liquidated Damages Original Contract Amount in Dollars 0 – 500,000.00 500,000.01 – 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.01-8,000,000.00 8,000,000.01- 15,000,000.00 15,000,000.01- Plus Daily Charge in Dollars 350 600 1,350 2,500 3,100 108.07—Default of Contract The Contractor may be declared in default if he does any one of the following: (a) fails to begin the work under the Contract within 15 calendar days of the date of contract execution except as otherwise permitted by specific contract language or the provisions of Section 108.02. (b) fails to perform the work with sufficient workers and equipment or with sufficient materials to ensure prompt completion of the work (c) performs the work unsuitably or neglects or refuses to remove materials or perform anew work that is unacceptable (d) discontinues prosecution of the work (e) fails to resume work that has been discontinued within a reasonable time after notice to do so (f) becomes insolvent, is declared bankrupt, or commits any act of bankruptcy or insolvency (g) allows any final judgment to stand against him unsatisfied for a period of 10 days (h) makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or (i) fails for any other cause whatsoever to carry on the work or contractual obligations in an acceptable manner 107 108.07 If any of these conditions exists, the Engineer will give notice in writing to the Contractor and his surety of the delay, neglect, or default. If within 10 days after the date of such notice the Contractor or his surety has not taken measures that will, in the judgment of the Chief Engineer, ensure satisfactory progress of the work or give assurances satisfactory to the Engineer that the provisions of the Contract will be fully carried out and instructions complied with, the Commissioner may then, or at any time thereafter, declare the Contractor in default. Without violating the Contract, the Commissioner may call upon the Contractor’s surety for the satisfactory and expeditious completion of all work under the Contract or may otherwise terminate the Contract in accordance with the provisions of Section 108.08. If the Contractor is declared in default, subsequent payments will be made to the surety and further negotiations will be conducted with the surety. If the Contractor’s surety fails or refuses to proceed with the work in accordance with the instructions of the Commissioner, the Commissioner will appropriate and use any or all materials and equipment on the project site that are suitable and acceptable and will enter into an agreement with others for the completion of the work, or he will use such other methods as he deems necessary to ensure the completion of the work. Costs and charges incurred by the Department, including the cost of completing the work under the Contract, will be deducted from any monies due or that will become due the Contractor and his surety. If the expense incurred by the Department is less than the sum that would have been payable under the Contract had the work been completed by the Contractor, the Contractor and his surety will be entitled to receive the difference. If the expense exceeds the sum that would have been payable under the Contract, the Contractor and his surety shall be liable for and shall pay to the Commonwealth the amount of the excess. 108.08—Termination of Contract (a) Conditions for Termination: The Department may terminate the Contract or any portion thereof because of any of the following conditions: 1. default 2. national emergency 3. action by the Commonwealth, U.S. government, or court order, or 4. conditions beyond the control of the Department (b) Provisions of Termination: Termination will be in accordance with the following: 1. Disturbed areas shall be promptly placed in an acceptable condition as directed by the Engineer. Payment for such work will be made at the contract unit prices or, in the absence of contract unit prices, in accordance with the requirements of Section 104.03. 2. Payment will be made for the actual number of units or items of work completed at the contract unit price, or as mutually agreed, for items of work partially completed. No claim for loss of anticipated profits will be considered, and the provisions of Section 104.02 will not apply. 108 108.09 3. Reimbursement for organizing the work when not specified in the Contract and moving equipment to and from the job will be considered where the volume of work completed is too small to compensate the Contractor for these expenses under the contract unit prices. 4. At the option of the Engineer, materials the Contractor obtains for the work that have been inspected, tested, and accepted by the Engineer and that have not been incorporated in the work may be purchased from the Contractor at actual costs as shown by receipted bills, purchase orders, bills of lading or other similar actual cost records at such points of delivery as may be designated by the Engineer. 5. The termination of the Contract or a portion thereof shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities for the completed work, nor shall it relieve his surety of its obligation for and concerning any just claims arising out of the work performed or remaining to be performed. 108.09—Acceptance (a) Contractor’s Responsibility for Work: Until final acceptance of the work by the Engineer in accordance with the requirements of this Section, the Contractor shall have charge and care thereof and shall take every precaution against damage to any part thereof by action of the elements or from any other cause. The Contractor shall rebuild, repair, restore, and make good on damage to any portion of the work occasioned by any of the foregoing causes before final acceptance and shall bear the expense thereof. The Department may reimburse the Contractor for repair of damage to work attributable to unforeseeable causes beyond the control of and without the fault or negligence of the Contractor as determined by the Engineer. In case of suspension of work, the Contractor shall be responsible for the project and shall take such precautions as may be necessary to prevent damage to the work, provide for erosion control and drainage, and erect any necessary temporary structures, signs, or other facilities as determined by the Engineer. During the suspension of work, the Contractor shall properly and continuously maintain in an acceptable growing condition all living material in newly established plantings, seedings, and soddings furnished under the Contract and shall take adequate precautions to protect new tree growth and other important vegetation against damage. (b) Partial Acceptance: If at any time during the prosecution of the project the Contractor completes a unit or portion of the project, such as a structure, an interchange, slopes, pavement, or a section of a roadway in its entirety, he may ask the Engineer to make final inspection of such work. If the Engineer finds upon inspection that the work conforms to the requirements of the Contract and that acceptance is in the best interest of the public, he may accept the work as being completed, and the Contractor will be relieved of further responsibility for the work. Partial acceptance shall in no way void or alter any terms of the Contract. If any damage is sustained by an accepted unit or portion of the project attributable to causes beyond the control of the Contractor, the Engineer may authorize the Contractor to make the necessary repairs. These repairs will be paid for at the contract price for the items 109 108.09 requiring repair. In the absence of contract prices covering the items of repair, the work will be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.05. (c) Final Acceptance: Upon receipt of a written notice from the Contractor of presumptive completion of the entire project, the Engineer will make an inspection. If all work specified in the Contract has been completed, the inspection will constitute the final inspection and the Engineer will make the final acceptance. The Contractor will be notified in writing, of the determination of final acceptance within five days of the date of the Engineer’s final acceptance.. If the Engineer’s inspection discloses that any work, in whole or in part, is incomplete or unacceptable, the Contractor shall immediately correct the deficiency. A written list of deficiencies will be provided to the Contractor by the Engineer. Upon completion or correction of the work, another inspection will be made of the deficient work. If the work is then satisfactory, the Engineer will notify the Contractor in writing within five days of the Engineer’s final acceptance. In any event, the Contractor shall be responsible for and maintain the project until final acceptance except under conditions that may be specifically exempted by the Specifications or specific contract language. 108.10—Termination of Contractor’s Responsibilities The Contract will be considered complete upon final acceptance. The Contractor’s responsibility to the work of the Contract will then cease except as set forth in his bond and the requirements of Sections 109.08 and 109.10. SECTION 109—MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 109.01—Measurement of Quantities Work specified in the Contract will be measured by the Engineer in accordance with U.S. Standard Measure. The methods of measurement and computations to be used to determine quantities of material furnished and work performed will be those generally recognized as conforming to good engineering practice. Specific methods of measurement shall be as indicated in the specific section for the pay item. Longitudinal measurements for surface area computations will be made along the surface, and transverse measurements will be the surface measure shown on the plans or ordered in writing by the Engineer. Individual areas of obstructions with a surface area of 9 square feet or less will not be deducted from surface areas measured for payment. Structures will be measured in accordance with the neat lines shown on the plans. Items that are measured by the linear foot will be measured parallel to the base or foundation upon which they are placed. 110 109.01 Allowance will not be made for surfaces placed over an area greater than that shown on the plans or for any material moved from outside the area of the cross-section and lines shown on the plans. When standard manufactured items are specified and are identified by weights or dimensions, such identification will be considered nominal. Unless more stringently controlled by tolerances in cited specifications, manufacturing tolerances established by the industries involved will be accepted. (a) Measurement by Weight: Materials that are measured or proportioned by weight shall be weighed on accurate scales as specified in this Section. When material is paid for on a tonnage basis, personnel performing the weighing shall be certified by the Department and shall be bonded to the Commonwealth of Virginia in the amount of $10,000 for the faithful observance and performance of the duties of the weighperson required herein. The bond shall be executed on a form having the exact wording as the Weighpersons Surety Bond Form furnished by the Department and shall be submitted to the Department prior to the furnishing of the tonnage material. No payment will be made for materials delivered in excess of the legal load limits established for each truck. The Contractor shall have the weighperson perform the following: 1. Post and furnish a weekly tare weight of each truck used and keep a record of them for 12 months. 2. Furnish a signed weigh ticket for each load that shows the date, truck number, load number, plant name, size and type of material, project number, schedule or purchase order number, and the weights specified herein. 3. Maintain sufficient documentation so that the accumulative tonnage and distribution of each lot of material, by contract, can be readily identified. 4. Submit by the end of the next working day a summary of the number of loads and total weights for each type of material by contract. Trucks used to haul material being paid for by weight shall display the truck uniform identification number and legal gross and legal net weight limits. These markings shall be no less than 2 inches high and permanently stenciled on each side of the truck with contrasting color and located as to be clearly visible when the vehicle is positioned on the scales and observed from normal position of the weighperson at the scale house. Trucks used to haul material shall be equipped with a cover suitable to protect the material and to protect the traveling public. The truck tare to be used in the weighing operation shall be the weight of the empty truck determined with full tank(s) of fuel and the operator seated in the cab. The tare weight of trucks shall be recorded to the nearest 20 pounds. At the option of the Contractor, a new tare may be determined for each load. When a new tare is obtained for each load, the requirement for full tank(s) of fuel will be waived. Net rail shipment weights may be used for pay quantities when evidenced by railroad bills of lading. However, such weights will not be accepted for pay quantities of materials that subsequently pass through a stationary mixing plant. 111 109.01 Scales shall conform to the requirements for accuracy and sensitivity as set forth in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook No. 44 for Specification Tolerances and Requirements for Commercial and Weighing Devices. Scales used in the weighing of materials paid for on a tonnage basis shall be approved and sealed in accordance with the requirements of the policies of the Bureau of Weights and Measures of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, or other approved agencies, at least once every six months and upon being moved. Hopper and truck scales shall be serviced and tested by a scale service representative at least once every six months. Hopper scales shall be checked with a minimum 500 pounds of test weights and truck scales shall be checked with a minimum 20,000 pounds of test weights. Copies of scale test reports shall be maintained on file at the scale location for at least 18 months, and copies of all scale service representative test reports shall be forwarded to the Department. The quantity of materials paid for on a tonnage basis shall be determined on scales equipped with an automatic printer. Truck scale printers shall print the net weight and either the gross or tare weight of each load. Hopper scale printers shall print the net weight of each load. The weigh ticket shall also show the legal gross weight for material weighed on truck scales and the legal net weight for material weighed on hopper scales. If the automatic printer becomes inoperative, the weighing operation may continue for 48 hours provided satisfactory visual verification of weights can be made. The written permission of the District Materials Engineer shall be required for the operation of scales after 48 hours. If significant discrepancies are discovered in the printed weight, the ultimate weight for payment will be calculated on volume measurements of the materials in place and unit weights determined by the Engineer or by other methods deemed appropriate to protect the interests of the Commonwealth. (b) Measurement by Cubic Yard: Material that is measured by the cubic yard, loose measurement or vehicular measurement, shall be hauled in approved vehicles and measured therein at the point of delivery. Material measured in vehicles, except streambed gravel, will be allowed at the rate of 2/3 the volume of the vehicle. The full volume of the vehicle will be allowed for streambed gravel. Such vehicles may be of any size or type acceptable to the Engineer provided the body is of such shape that the actual contents can be readily and accurately determined. Unless all approved vehicles are of uniform capacity, each vehicle shall bear a plainly legible identification mark indicating the specific approved capacity. Each vehicle shall be loaded to at least its water level capacity. When approved by the Engineer in writing, material specified to be measured by the cubic yard may be weighed and such weights converted to cubic yards for payment purposes. Factors for conversion from weight to volume measurement will be determined by the Engineer and shall be agreed to by the Contractor before they are used. (c) Measurement by Lump Sum: When used as an item of payment, the term lump sum will mean full payment for completion of work described in the Contract. When a complete structure or structural unit is specified as a pay item, the unit of measurement will be lump sum, and shall include all necessary fittings and accessories. The quantities may be shown on the plans for items for which lump sum is the method of measurement. If shown, the 112 109.01 quantities are approximate and are shown for estimating purposes only. Items that are to be measured as complete units will be counted by the Inspector in the presence of a representative of the Contractor. (d) Specific Items: 1. Concrete (Measured by Volume Measure): Concrete will be measured and computed by dividing the work into simple geometrical figures and adding their volumes. 2. Concrete (Measured by Square or Lineal Measure): Concrete will be measured and computed by dividing the work into simple geometrical figures and adding their areas or measuring linearly along the item’s surface . 3. Excavation, embankment, and borrow: In computing volumes of excavation, embankment, and borrow, methods having general acceptance in the engineering profession will be used. When the measurement is based on the cross-sectional area, the average end area method will be used. 4. Asphalt: Asphalt will be measured by the gallon, volumetric measurement, based on a temperature of 60 degrees F using the following correction factors: a. 0.00035 per degree F for petroleum oils having a specific gravity 60/60 degrees F above 0.966 b. 0.00040 per degree F for petroleum oils having a specific gravity 60/60 degrees F between 0.850 and 0.966 c. 0.00025 per degree F for emulsified asphalt Unless volume correction tables are available, the following formula shall be used in computing the volume of asphalt at temperatures other than 60 degrees F: V1=V/K(T − 60) + 1 Where: V = volume of asphalt to be corrected; V1 = volume of asphalt at 60 degrees F; K = correction factor (coefficient of expansion); and T = temperature in degrees F of asphalt to be corrected. When asphalt is delivered by weight, the volume at 60 degrees F will be determined by dividing the net weight by the weight per gallon at 60 degrees F. When specified in the Contract, asphalt will be measured by weight. Net certified scale weights, or weights based on certified volumes in the case of rail shipments, will be used as a basis of measurement, subject to correction when asphalt has been lost from the car or the distributor, disposed of, or otherwise not incorporated in the work. When asphalt is shipped by truck or transport, net certified weights or volumes subjected to correction for loss or foaming may be used to compute quantities. 113 109.01 Only the quantity of asphalt actually placed in the work and accepted will be considered in determining the amount due the Contractor. 5. Timber: Timber will be measured in units of 1,000 foot-board-measure actually incorporated in the structure. Measurement will be based on nominal widths and thicknesses and the extreme length of each piece. 109.02—Plan Quantities When specified in the Contract, items will be measured and paid for on the basis of plan quantities. The quantities allowed for compensation will be those shown on the plans with deductions from or authorized additions to such quantities resulting from deviations from the plans. In the case of excavation, only excavation within the cross-section prism will be paid for on a plan quantity basis. If the Contractor believes that any plan quantity is incorrect, he may solicit, at his own expense, the aid of a certified Professional Engineer registered in the Commonwealth of Virginia to check the quantity or he may ask the Department in writing to check computations of the quantity. Written requests for a quantity check by the Department shall be accompanied by calculations, drawings, or other evidence indicating why the plan quantity is believed to be in error. If any item of the Contract is found to be in error and so verified by the Engineer, payment will be made in accordance with the corrected plan quantity. If the Department determines during construction that there is an error in the plan quantity, or that conditions vary from those anticipated in the design to the extent that an actual measurement of a plan quantity item is warranted, the Department will make such measurement and will notify the Contractor, in writing, of the rationale for adjustment. Payment will then be based on the measured quantity in lieu of the plan quantity. 109.03—Scope of Payment Payments to the Contractor will be made for the quantities of contract items performed in accordance with the plans and the requirements of the Specifications. If, upon completion of the construction, these quantities show either an increase or decrease from the quantities shown in the Contract, the contract unit prices shall prevail and payment will be made for actual quantities performed unless they have been modified by work orders. Quantities appearing on the proposal are estimated quantities for the basic design shown on the plans. With the approval of the Department, the Contractor may furnish other design(s) that may involve changes in quantities or the use of different materials. However, payment will be made for the original quantities listed in the Contract only and in the units of measure given in the Contract for the basic design unless the dimensions for the basic design are changed by an authorized modification by work order to conform to field conditions encountered. In this event, modified plan quantities will be used for pay quantities at contract unit prices for the items listed on the proposal. The Contractor shall accept the compensation provided for in the Contract as full payment for the following: (a) furnishing all materials, labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete the work 114 109.05 (b) performing all work specified in the Contract (c) all loss or damage arising from the nature of the work or from action of the elements or any other unforeseen difficulties that may be encountered during prosecution of the work and until its final acceptance (d) any infringement of patent, trademark, or copyright (e) the completion of the work in accordance with the requirements of the Contract If the payment clause in the Specifications relating to any unit price in the Contract requires that the unit price cover and be considered compensation for certain work or material essential to the item, the work or material will not be measured or paid for under any other item except as provided in Section 106.05. The payment of any partial estimate or any retained percentage prior to final acceptance of the project as provided for in Section 108.09 shall in no way affect the obligation of the Contractor to repair or renew any defective parts of the construction or to be responsible for all damages attributable to such defects. 109.04—Compensation for Altered Quantities When the accepted quantities of work vary from the estimated quantities set forth in the Contract but such variance is within the percentage limits set forth in Section 104.02 whether or not there have been any changes in the plans, the Contractor shall accept as payment in full, so far as contract items are concerned, payment at the original contract unit prices for the accepted quantities of work performed. No allowance or other adjustment except as provided for in Section 104.02 will be made for any increased expense, loss of expected reimbursement, or loss of anticipated profits suffered or claimed by the Contractor resulting directly from either such alterations or unbalanced allocation among the contract items of overhead expense on the part of the Contractor and subsequent loss of expected reimbursements therefor or from any other cause except the payment for the actual quantity performed at the original contract unit price. Alterations of plans or character of work involving authorized work orders as provided for in Section 104.02 will be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 104.02. 109.05—Extra and Force Account Work The Department may add any new, unforeseen or unanticipated work that in the judgment of the Engineer is necessary for the satisfactory fulfillment of the Contract within its intended scope. This extra work may be accomplished by work order if the scope is defined, or on a force account basis if the scope is not defined. Extra work or force account work may be necessitated in accordance with the provisions of Sections 104.02 or 104.03 as applicable. The Engineer will advise the Contractor in writing of the necessity for such extra work at the time of discovery or determination of need. Where possible, the Department and Contractor will each proceed to secure any information, documentation or plans to assist in detailing the extent and character of such work, if known, in sufficient detail to define, analyze and estimate the cost and time required to perform the work. 115 109.05 A. Work Orders When the Contractor believes extra work is warranted he shall promptly notify the Engineer in writing within 2 days of such a determination. Should the Engineer agree with the Contractor’s assessment of extra work then within 7 days or as mutually decided with the Engineer, the Contractor shall determine the extent of such work and detail in his request what additional compensation and/or time he seeks, if any, relative to his determination. The Contractor’s submittal shall be in sufficient detail to enable the Engineer to determine the basis for entitlement. Failure on the part of the Contractor to furnish sufficient documentation or to qualify his reason for failure to do so will delay the determination of entitlement for such work. If such delay occurs, it will in no way relieve the Contractor of his obligation to meet the time limits or other requirements established for the contract or constitute basis for a delay claim on the part of the Contractor. Prior to the actual execution of a work order the Engineer will require the Contractor to provide unit prices for the proposed work, and any requested contract time extension. If the Contractor requests a time extension, the proposed time extension will only be considered if the work is a controlling work item or affects the critical path for a project milestone or project completion. Any justifiable time extension given must be included at the time the work order is developed. For projects without a critical path method scheduling specification, the Contractor shall include detailed information on how the controlling item of work was affected in accordance with the requirements detailed in that specification. Any time extension given on a Fixed Date contract, including time extensions in accordance with the requirements of Section 108.04 of the Specifications, must be added to the contract by work order. Upon receipt and review of the Contractor’s costs for the proposed work, if it is found that the Contractor’s prices and/or the time differ considerably from the Department’s estimate, the Engineer may request the Contractor to provide support for his unit prices and/or his requested time extension. Where the Department and the Contractor can determine and agree upon an accurate cost and time estimation for the proposed work the Engineer will issue a bilateral work order to authorize the work. When the Contractor and the Department cannot agree upon the cost and/or the time estimation for the extra work after the Engineer’s analysis and subsequent discussion with the Contractor, or where due to issues of emergency, safety, environmental damage, other similar critical factors as determined by the Department, the Engineer will act unilaterally and issue a unilateral work order to authorize the work. The issuance of a unilateral work by the Engineer shall in no way invalidate or relinquish the Contractor’s rights under the provisions of Section 105.19. B. Force Account The Department will require the Contractor to proceed with additional work on a force account basis when neither the Department nor the Contractor can firmly establish an applicable estimate for the cost of the work because the scope of the work is not known; that is, the level of effort required to perform and complete the work is unknown or not quantifiable at the time of discovery or start of the extra work, and will be determined as work progresses. The rates for labor, equipment and materials to be used in cases of work performed on a force account basis will be compensated in the following manner: (a) Labor: Unless otherwise approved, the Contractor will receive the rate of wage or scale as set forth in his most recent payroll for each classification of laborers, forepersons, and su116 109.05 perintendent(s) who are in direct charge of the specific operation. The time allowed for payment will be the number of hours such workers are actually engaged in the work. If overtime work is authorized, payment will be at the normal overtime rate set forth in the Contractor’s most recent payroll. If workers performing the class of labor needed have not been employed on the project, mutually agreed on rates will be established. However, the rates shall be not less than those predetermined for the project, if applicable. An amount equal to 45 percent of the approved force account payroll will be included in the payment for labor to cover administrative costs, profit, and benefits and/or deductions normally paid by the Contractor. (b) Insurance and Tax: The Contractor will receive an amount equal to 25 percent of the approved force account payroll exclusive of additives of administrative cost as full compensation for property damage and liability, workers’ compensation insurance premiums, unemployment insurance contributions, and social security taxes of force account work. (c) Materials: The Contractor will receive the actual cost of materials accepted by the Engineer that are delivered and used for the work including taxes, transportation, and handling charges paid by the Contractor, not including labor and equipment rentals as herein set forth, to which 15 percent of the cost will be added for administration and profit. The Contractor shall make every reasonable effort to take advantage of trade discounts offered by material suppliers. Any discount received shall pass through to the Department. Salvageable temporary construction materials will be retained by the Department, or their appropriate salvage value shall be credited to the Commonwealth, as agreed on by the Department. (d) Equipment: The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a list of all equipment to be used in the work. For each piece of equipment, the list shall include the serial number; date of manufacture; location from which equipment will be transported; and, for rental equipment, the rental rate and name of the company from which it is rented. The Contractor will be paid rental rates for pieces of machinery, equipment, and attachments necessary for prosecution of the work that are approved for use by the Engineer. Equipment rental will be measured by time in hours of actual time engaged in the performance of the work and necessary traveling time of the equipment within the limits of the project or source of supply and the project. Hourly rates will not exceed 1/176 of the monthly rates of the schedule shown in the Rental Rate Blue Book modified in accordance with the Rental Rate Blue Book rate adjustment tables that are current at the time the force account is authorized. Adjustment factors or rate modifications indicated in the Rental Rate Blue Book will not be considered when acceptable rates are determined. Hourly rates for equipment on standby, will be at 50 percent of the rate paid for equipment performing work. Operating costs shall not be included in the standby rate. For the purposes herein “standby time” is defined as the period of time equipment ordered to the jobsite by the Engineer is available on-site for the work but is idle for reasons not the fault of the Contractor or normally associated with the efficient and necessary use of that equipment in the overall operation of the work at hand. Payment will be made for the total hours the equipment is performing work. When equipment is performing work less than 40 hours for any given week and is on standby, payment for standby time will be allowed for up to 40 hours, minus hours performing work. Payment will not be made for the time that equipment is on the project in excess of 24 hours prior to its actual performance in the force account work. An amount equal to the Rental Rate Blue Book estimated operating cost per hour will be paid for all hours the equipment is performing work. This operating cost shall be full compensation for fuel, lubricants, repairs, greas117 109.05 ing, fueling, oiling, small tools, and other incidentals. No compensation will be paid for the use of machinery or equipment not authorized by the Engineer. The Contractor will be paid freight cost covering the moving of equipment to and from the specific force account operation provided such cost is supported by an invoice showing the actual cost to the Contractor. However, such payment will be limited to transportation from the nearest source of available equipment. If equipment is not returned to the nearest equipment storage lot but is moved to another location, the freight cost paid will not exceed the cost of return to the nearest storage lot. The rates for equipment not listed in the Rental Rate Blue Book schedule shall not exceed the hourly rate being paid for such equipment by the Contractor at the time of the force account authorization. In the absence of such rates, prevailing rates being paid in the area where the authorized work is to be performed shall be used. If the Contractor does not possess or have readily available equipment necessary for performing the force account work and such equipment is rented from a source other than a company that is an affiliate of the Contractor, payment will be based on actual invoice rates, to which 15 percent of the invoice cost will be added for administrative cost and profit. If the invoice rate does not include the furnishing of fuel, lubricants, repairs, and servicing, the invoice rate will be converted to an hourly rate, and an amount equal to the Rental Rate Blue Book estimated operating cost per hour will be added for each hour the equipment is performing work. (e) Miscellaneous: No additional allowance will be made for attachments that are common accessories for equipment as defined in the Rental Rate Blue Book, general superintendents, timekeepers, secretaries, the use of small hand held tools or other costs for which no specific allowance is herein provided. The Contractor will receive compensation equal to the cost of the bond, special railroad insurance premiums, and other additional costs necessary for the specific force account work as determined by the Department. The Contractor shall supply documented evidence of such costs. (f) Compensation: The compensation as set forth in this Section shall be accepted by the Contractor as payment in full for work performed on a force account basis. At the end of each day, the Contractor’s representative and the Inspector shall compare and reconcile records of the hours of work and equipment, labor and materials used in the work as ordered on a force account basis. Such accounting may not include actual costs or labor rates where these are not available but shall be used to verify quantities, types of materials or labor, and number and types of equipment. If all or a portion of the force account work is performed by an approved subcontractor, the Contractor will be paid 10 percent of the subcontract net force account costs to cover the Contractor’s profit and administrative cost. The amount resulting will not be subject to any further additives. The itemized statements of costs as required below shall be submitted on a form that separates the subcontracted portions of the force account labor, materials, and equipment from the other force account costs. (g) Statements: Payments will not be made for work performed on a force account basis until the Contractor has furnished the Engineer duplicate itemized statements of the cost of such work detailed as follows: 118 109.06 1. payroll indicating name, classification, date, daily hours, total hours, rate, and extension of each laborer, foreperson, and superintendent 2. designation, dates, daily hours, total hours, rental rate, and extension for each unit of equipment 3. quantities of materials, prices, and extensions 4. transportation of materials Statements shall be accompanied and supported by invoices for all materials used and transportation charges. However, if materials used on the force account work are not specifically purchased for such work but are taken from the Contractor’s stock, then in lieu of the invoices, the Contractor shall furnish an affidavit certifying that such materials were taken from his stock; that the quantity claimed was actually used; and that the price, transportation, and handling claimed represented his actual cost. 109.06—Common Carrier Rates The common carrier rates and taxes thereon that are current on the date of the opening of bids shall be considered applicable to all items subject to transportation charges thereunder. If such rates or taxes are thereafter increased by public authority on any materials entering into and forming a part of the Contract, an amount equal to the sum of all such increases, when evidenced by receipted common carrier bills, will be paid the Contractor by the Department. Requests for such payments shall be made not later than 60 days after final acceptance. If after the date of the opening of bids such rates or taxes are reduced by public authority on any materials entering into and forming a part of the Contract, an amount equal to the sum of all such decreases, when evidenced by receipted common carrier bills, will be deducted by the Department from the monies due the Contractor for the work performed under the Contract. The carrier rates for petroleum tank truck carriers, as defined in the Code of Virginia, that are in effect on the date of the opening of bids for the project shall be considered effective for at least one year after that date. After one year from that date, the Department will pay the Contractor additional compensation equal to the cost of any carrier rate increases, subject to a maximum of eight percent of the original carrier rate for any materials ordered, delivered, and actually incorporated into the work after the one year period. However, the Contractor shall advise the Engineer in writing of his intent to request additional compensation attributable to carrier rate changes at the time of occurrence and shall submit receipted carrier bills and all relative information concerning the original and current carrier rates as they pertain to the project. If carrier rates are decreased after the one year period, the Department will deduct from monies due the Contractor an amount equal to the cost of any carrier rate decreases, subject to a maximum of eight percent of the original carrier rate, for any materials ordered, delivered, and actually incorporated into the work, based on receipted carrier bills that shall be furnished by the Contractor. On each succeeding year of the Contract, a maximum difference of eight percent of the original rate will be considered for increases or decreases in compensation under these terms and conditions. Except for the aforementioned carriers, additional compensation attributable to changes in hauling rates of other contract carriers will not be allowed. 119 109.07 109.07—Eliminated Items If any item in the Contract is determined to be unnecessary for the proper completion of the work contracted, the Department may, upon written notice to the Contractor, eliminate such item from the Contract. Payment will not be made for such item except that the Contractor will be compensated for the actual cost of any work performed for the installation of such item and the net cost of materials purchased, including freight and tax costs, as evidenced by invoice. No additional compensation will be made for overhead or anticipated profit. 109.08—Partial Payments (a) General Partial payments will be based on a monthly progress estimate consisting of approximate quantities and value of work performed as determined by the Engineer. When the method of measurement for a contract item is in units of each or lump sum, the value of work accomplished for partial payment will be determined on a pro rata basis. Partial payments will be made once each month for the work performed in accordance with the contract requirements. The Contractor will be given the opportunity to review the monthly progress estimate prior to each partial payment. Upon final acceptance, one last monthly estimate will be prepared and any additional payment due will be vouchered for payment. The monthly progress estimates will be prepared in accordance with the following schedule: 1. Contractor companies whose name begins with the letter A through F: The monthly progress estimate will be prepared on the 4th day of each month, beginning on the first 4th day following the date of the Contract execution, and on the same day of the succeeding months as the work progresses. 2. Contractor companies whose name begins with the letter G through P: The monthly progress estimate will be prepared on the 11th day of each month, beginning on the first 11th day following the date of the Contract execution, and on the same day of the succeeding months as the work progresses. 3. Contractor companies whose name begins with the letter Q through Z: The monthly progress estimate will be prepared on the 20th day of each month, beginning on the first 20th day following the date of the Contract execution, and on the same day of the succeeding months as the work progresses. For contracts without a payment bond, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a letter from each materials supplier and subcontractor involved stating that the Contractor has paid or made satisfactory arrangements for settling all bills for materials and subcontracted work that was paid on the previous month’s progress estimate. The Department will use the source of supply letter and approved subletting request to verify that certifications have been received for work that was paid on the previous monthly estimate. The Contractor shall furnish these and other certificates as are required as a prerequisite to the issuance of payment for the current monthly estimate. The Department may withhold the payment of any partial or final estimate voucher or any sum(s) thereof from such vouchers if the Contractor fails to make payment promptly to all 120 109.09 persons supplying equipment, tools, or materials; for any labor he uses in the prosecution of the contract work. (b) Payment To Sub-Contractors Upon Department payment of the subcontractor’s portion of the work as shown on the monthly progress estimate and the receipt of payment by the Contractor for such work, the Contractor shall make compensation in full to the subcontractor. For the purposes of this Section, payment of the subcontractor’s portion of the work shall mean that payment has been issued for that portion of the work that was identified on the monthly progress estimate for which the subcontractor has performed service. The Contractor shall make payment in full for the portion of the work identified on the monthly progress estimate to the subcontractor who performed such work within seven days of the receipt of payment from the Department in accordance with the requirements of this Section. If the Contractor withholds any funds as part of his contract with the subcontractor to ensure satisfactory compliance and completion and the subcontractor achieves satisfactory compliance and completion as verified by payment from the Department to the Contractor, the Contractor shall make full payment to the subcontractor within seven days. If the Contractor fails to make payment to the subcontractor within the time frame specified herein, the subcontractor shall notify the Engineer and the Contractor’s bonding company in writing. The Bonding Company shall be responsible for insuring payment in accordance with the requirements of this Section and Section 107.01. (c) Retainage If during the Engineer’s monthly review of the Contractor’s progress, the Engineer determines the Contractor’s progress is unsatisfactory in accordance with the provisions of Section 108.03 or other contract specific criteria, the Engineer will send a notice of unsatisfactory progress to the Contractor advising him of such a determination. In addition, this notification will also advise the Contractor that 5 percent retainage of the monthly progress estimate is being withheld and will continue to be withheld for each month the Contractor’s actual progress is determined to be unsatisfactory relative to the criteria stated herein.. When the Engineer determines that the Contractor’s progress is considered satisfactory in accordance with these requirements, the 5 percent retainage previously withheld because of unsatisfactory progress will be released in the next monthly progress estimate and the remaining monthly progress estimates payments will be made in full provided satisfactory progress continues to be made. 109.09—Payment for Material on Hand When requested in writing by the Contractor, payment allowances may be made for material secured for use on the project. Such material payments will be for only those actual quantities identified in the contract, approved work orders, or otherwise documented as required to complete the project and shall be in accordance with the following terms and conditions: (a) Structural Units: An allowance of 100 percent of the cost to the Contractor for structural steel materials for fabrication not to exceed 60 percent of the contract price may be made 121 109.09 when such material is delivered to the fabricator and has been adequately identified for exclusive use on the project. An allowance of 100 percent of the cost to the Contractor for superstructure units, not to exceed 90 percent of the contract price, may be made when they have been fabricated. Prior to the granting of such allowances, the structural steel materials and fabricated units shall have been tested or certified and found acceptable to the Department and shall have been stored in accordance with the requirements specified herein. Allowances will be based on invoices or bills, as approved by the Engineer and will be subject to the retainage requirements of Section 109.08. (b) Other Materials: For reinforcing steel, aggregate, pipe, guardrail, signs and sign assemblies, and other nonperishable material, an allowance of 100 percent of the cost to the Contractor for materials, not to exceed 90 percent of the contract price, may be made when such material is delivered and stockpiled or stored in accordance with the requirements specified herein. Prior to the granting of such allowances, the material shall have been tested and found acceptable to the Department. Allowances will be based on invoices or bills, as approved by the Engineer and will be subject to the retainage provisions of Section 109.08. (c) Excluded Items: No allowance will be made for cement, seed, plants, fertilizer, and other perishable material. and fuels, form lumber, falsework, temporary structures, or other work that will not become an integral part of the finished construction. (d) Storage: Material for which payment allowance is requested shall be stored in an approved manner in areas where damage is not likely to occur. If any of the stored materials are lost or become damaged, the Contractor shall repair or replace them. If payment allowance has been made prior to such damage or loss, the amount so allowed or a proportionate part thereof will be deducted from the next progress estimate payment and withheld until satisfactory repairs or replacement has been made. When it is determined to be impractical to store materials within the limits of the project, the Engineer may approve storage on private property or, for structural units, on the manufacturer or fabricator’s yard. Requests for payment allowance for such material shall be accompanied by a release from the owner or tenant of such property or yard agreeing to permit the removal of the materials from the property without cost to the Commonwealth. (e) Materials Inventory: If the Contractor requests a payment allowance for properly stored material, he shall submit a certified and itemized inventory statement to the Engineer no earlier than five days and no later than two days prior to the progress estimate date. The statement shall be submitted on forms furnished by the Department and shall be accompanied by invoices or other documents that will verify the material’s cost. Following the initial submission, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a monthly-certified update of the itemized inventory statement within the same time frame. The updated inventory statement shall show additional materials received and stored with invoices or other documents and shall list materials removed from storage since the last certified inventory statement, with appropriate cost data reflecting the change in the inventory. If the Contractor fails to submit the monthly-certified update within the specified time frame, the Engineer will deduct the full amount of the previous statement from the progress estimate. At the conclusion of the project, the cost of material remaining in storage for which payment allowance has been made will be deducted from the progress estimate. 122 109.10 109.10—Final Payment When final acceptance has been duly made by the Engineer as provided for in Section 108.09 the Engineer will prepare the final statement of the quantities of the items of work performed. Thereafter, the Contractor will be afforded 10 days in which to review the final estimate before payment. The time may be extended by mutual agreement, and the extension added to the 90-day criteria set forth within this Section. Prior partial estimates and payments shall be subject to correction in the final estimate and payment. For Contracts not requiring a payment bond, the Contractor shall certify to the Department that he has paid or made satisfactory arrangements for settling all bills for materials, labor, equipment, supplies, and other items entering into or used on the work and shall furnish other certificates as are required by the Department as a prerequisite to the issuance of final payment. Failure by the Contractor to provide required information and certifications will extend the 90-day period for final payment by the number of days equivalent to the delay attributable to the Contractor. Upon review of the final estimate by the Contractor and approval by the Engineer, the Contractor will be paid the entire sum due after previous payments are deducted and other amounts are retained or deducted under the provisions of the Contract. Final payment will become due within 90 calendar days after final acceptance. Upon written request from the Contractor, annual interest will be paid on the balance that has not been paid due to the fault of the Department within 90 calendar days after final acceptance. The rate of interest will be the base rate on corporate loans (prime rate) at large U.S. money center commercial banks as reported daily in The Wall Street Journal. When a split rate is published, the lower of the two rates shall be used. The rate effective on the 91st day following final acceptance will be applicable throughout the period of time for which interest is paid. However, in no event shall the rate of interest paid exceed the rate of interest established pursuant to the Code of Virginia, as amended. The period subject to payment of interest will begin on the 91st calendar day after final acceptance and will extend through the date of the payment of the final estimate. When the payment date is delayed beyond the 90-day period by the fault of the Contractor and monies are due the Commonwealth the Contractor will be assessed annual interest on the balance due the Commonwealth for the time delay attributable to the Contractor. The rate of interest will be determined as specified hereinbefore. Monies resulting from the final estimate and owed to the Commonwealth will become due and payable within 30 days of receipt by the Contractor of a certified letter giving notification of the amount owed. The Contractor will be assessed annual interest at the rate determined as specified within this Section for any balance that remains unpaid after 37 days from receipt of the letter. After final acceptance and prior to final payment, the Contractor may request reimbursement for additional performance and payment bond premiums, but only to the extent that the final contract amount exceeds the original contract amount. If the Contractor requests reimbursement on such additional bond premiums the Contractor shall submit to the Department a written request for reimbursement, together with a notarized statement from the surety, or its agent that certifies the Contractor’s actual bond premium rate for any increase in the amended contract amount above the original contract amount. Such request shall also contain the Contractor’s calculation of the additional premium requested for reimbursement as verified by the surety or its agent. 123 109.10 Upon submission of such request from the Contractor, the Department will calculate the additional bond premium payment due the Contractor by multiplying the difference between the final contract amount, including all work orders, overruns, and adjustments, and the original contract amount, times the percentage bond premium rate provided by the Contractor and certified by the surety or its agent. The additional premium amount will be paid to the Contractor on the final estimate. 124 Division II MATERIALS 200.03 SECTION 200—GENERAL 200.01—Description These specifications cover general sampling and testing procedures, certifications for aggregate acceptance, and technicians and batchers for asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete. 200.02—Conformance with Specifications Materials shall conform to these specifications in accordance with the requirements of Section 106.06. Whenever a reference to a material is followed by a reference to a specification, the material shall conform to the referenced specification. Material that is required to conform to these specifications shall not be used until it has been approved by the Engineer. Where maximum and minimum limits are given for a characteristic of a material, material whose specified characteristic approximates the mean value shall be furnished. The specified limits shall not be exceeded. When a material is fabricated of or treated with another material or when any combination of materials is assembled to form a product, the failure of any component to comply with the applicable specification shall be sufficient cause for rejection of the whole unless the combination of components will produce a product satisfactory to the Engineer. If the Contractor desires to substitute another material for that specified, he shall submit proof that the substitute material is equal in all respects to the material specified. Proof shall be in the form of specifications for the proposed substitution that may be readily compared with the specifications for the original material. 200.03—General Sampling and Testing Procedures Materials shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of standard AASHTO, ASTM, or federal methods or methods devised by the Department as specified in the applicable specifications or as approved by the Engineer. At the discretion of the Engineer, the Contractor may furnish a certification of conformity from the manufacturer in lieu of testing. The Engineer reserves the right to retest any material that has previously been tested or accepted on certification and reject that material if it is found to be defective. The Department has developed test methods for the evaluation of certain materials or their properties. These test methods are identified by the prefix VTM (Virginia Test Method) followed by a number that will identify the specific VTM to be used. Copies of the Department’s test methods may be obtained from the Department’s Materials Division. Sampling of materials shall be performed in accordance with the standard methods of the Department. When required, samples submitted to the Department’s laboratory shall be accompanied by an MSDS. Failure by the Contractor to submit an MSDS will be cause for rejection of the material. 127 200.03 When a material is to be tested prior to delivery to the project, the Contractor shall furnish complete identification of the material and its specific intended use in the proposed construction, including references to the plans or specifications calling for the material. Material will be inspected at the original or intermediate source of supply whenever it is economically advantageous to the Department. This inspection does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to furnish materials that conform to the specifications. The Department’s representative shall have ready access to all parts of any processing plant furnishing material for a project. Access for sampling and inspecting materials or plant equipment shall include secure, sturdy platforms conforming to local, state, and federal safety regulations. The Department may discontinue the use of a plant laboratory for acceptance testing in the event of a mechanical malfunction of the laboratory equipment and in cases of emergency involving plant inspection personnel. In such event, acceptance testing will be performed at the district or central office laboratory until the malfunction or emergency has been satisfactorily corrected or resolved. 200.04—Acceptance Procedures for Aggregates Aggregates conforming to the requirements of Section 207 (for Type I) and Section 208 will be accepted under a quality assurance program that uses statistical concepts. Aggregate materials shall conform to such requirements prior to the addition of admixtures. Acceptance procedures for other aggregates shall be in accordance with the requirements of an approved production control plan conforming to the policies of the Department with regard to sampling and testing. Shipments of aggregates accepted under such a production control plan shall be accompanied by the following certification: Aggregate Certification Aggregate shipped under this certification has been tested and conforms to VDOT’s requirements. Signature and Title The certification may be printed or stamped on the delivery ticket or affixed by a gummed label thereto. The certification shall be signed by an authorized representative of the aggregate supplier and given to the Engineer upon delivery of the aggregate. The No. 10 sieve shall be the dividing sieve for soils, select material, aggregate subbase material, and aggregate base material. The No. 8 sieve shall be the dividing sieve for asphalt concrete aggregates. That portion of the total aggregate retained on the sieves is defined as coarse aggregate, and that portion passing the sieves is defined as fine aggregate. Soundness tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T104 without regard to these definitions of fine and coarse aggregate. Fine and coarse aggregates for hydraulic cement concrete are distinguishable by their conformity to the series of grading requirements specified in Section 202 and Section 203, respectively. The term nonpolishing aggregate shall mean aggregate that the Department has determined will result in a surface of acceptable skid resistance when it is used and exposed as part of a wearing surface. The Department reserves the right to evaluate and determine the acceptability of polishing characteristics of aggregate proposed for use in pavement surfaces. 128 200.06 Crushed glass may be used for construction in drainage, embankment and backfilling applications, except for undercutting and foundation support for bridges, abutments, retaining walls and box culverts. The substitution of crushed glass will be permissive and limited to applications using material of size 3/8 inch and smaller where permitted for use in the Specifications. 200.05—Handling and Storing Aggregates Stockpiles of aggregate shall be constructed on areas that are hard, well drained, and denuded of vegetation. The different sizes and kinds of aggregates shall be kept separate during handling and storage and until batched. Care shall be taken to prevent segregation of coarse and fine particles during handling and storing. Aggregates placed directly on the ground shall not be removed from the stockpiles within 1 foot of the ground until final cleanup, and then only clean aggregate shall be used. 200.06—Technician and Batcher Certification Certification for technicians and batchers will be awarded by the Department upon a candidate’s satisfactory completion of an examination. (a) Central Mix Aggregate Technician: A Central Mix Aggregate Technician designs and makes necessary adjustments in job mixtures at the plant based on an analysis of the specified material. The technician also samples materials and conducts any tests necessary to put the plant into operation and produce a mixture in accordance with the applicable Specifications. (b) Asphalt Plant Technician: An Asphalt Plant Technician samples material and is capable of conducting any tests necessary to put the plant into operation. (c) Concrete Plant Technician: A Concrete Plant Technician performs necessary adjustments in the proportioning of material used to produce the specified concrete mixtures (d) Concrete Batcher: A Concrete Batcher performs the batching operation. The batcher implements adjustments only at the direction of a certified Concrete Plant Technician unless the batcher’s certification authorizes otherwise. (e) Asphalt Field Technician: An Asphalt Field Technician inspects asphalt concrete placement in accordance with applicable requirements. (f) Concrete Field Technician: A Concrete Field Technician provides quality control of placement operations for hydraulic cement concrete in accordance with applicable requirements. (g) Asphalt Mix Design Technician: An Asphalt Mix Design Technician is responsible for designing and adjusting mixes as needed, reviewing and approving all test results, having direct communication with the plant for making recommended adjustments and is capable of conducting any tests necessary to put the plant into operation. 129 200.06 (h) Aggregate Properties Technician: An Aggregate Properties Technician conducts all aggregate tests on aggregate used in asphalt concrete in accordance with applicable requirements (i) Slurry Surfacing Technician: A Slurry Surfacing Technician inspects the placement of emulsified asphalt slurry seal and latex modified emulsion treatment (Micro-surfacing) in accordance with applicable requirements. (j) Surface Treatment Technician: A Surface Treatment Technician inspects the placement of single seal and modified (blotted) seal coats in accordance with applicable requirements. SECTION 201—MINERAL FILLER 201.01—Description These specifications cover inorganic material such as lime or fly ash, usually of very fine grading, added to soil or asphalt to produce a desired effect. 201.02—Detail Requirements Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M17. Tests will be performed in accordance with AASHTO T37. SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE 202.01—Description These specifications cover material for use as fine aggregate in hydraulic cement concrete, mortar, asphalt concrete, and asphalt surface treatments. 202.02—Materials Fine aggregate is classified herein in accordance with its occurrence or method of manufacture as natural sand or stone sand. Natural sand shall consist of grains of hard, sound material, predominantly quartz, occurring in natural deposits or in loosely bound deposits, such as sandstone conglomerate. Stone sand shall consist of sound crushed particles of approved Grade A stone, essentially free from flat or elongated pieces, with sharp edges and corners removed. Fine aggregates for use in hydraulic cement concrete that are obtained from more than one source shall not be used alternately or mixed without the consent of the Engineer. 130 3/8 in. Min. 100 Min. 100 Min. 100 Grading A B C TABLE II–1 95–100 94–100 94–100 No. 4 80–100 No. 8 50–85 No. 16 25–60 No. 30 Max. 25 5–30 No. 50 Max. 10 Max. 10 No. 100 Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Opening) (% by Weight) Fine Aggregate No. 200 202.02 131 202.03 202.03—Detail Requirements (a) Grading: Grading shall conform to the requirements of Table II–1. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T27. (b) Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II–2. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. (c) Organic Impurities: When fine aggregate is to be used in hydraulic cement concrete, the percentage of organic impurities shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO T21; however, material producing a darker color than that specified in AASHTO T21 may be accepted in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M6. (d) Void Content: Void content will be tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-5. (e) Deleterious Material: The amount of deleterious material in sands shall be not more than the following: Material % by Weight Clay lumps Shale, mica, coated grains, soft or flaky particles Organic material Total material passing No. 200 sieve by washing1 For use in concrete subject to abrasion For other concrete 1 0.25 1.0 0 AASHTO Test Method T112 T113 T21 T11 and T27 3 5 In the case of stone sand, if the material passing the No. 200 sieve is dust of fracture, essentially free from clay and shale, the percentages shown for use in concrete subject to abrasion and in other concrete may be increased to 5.0 percent and 7.0 percent, respectively. TABLE II–2 Soundness Max. Soundness Loss (%) Use Magnesium Sulphate (5 Cycles) Freeze and Thaw (100 Cycles) 18 8 25 30 15 15 Hydraulic cement concrete Asphalt concrete surfaces and surface treatments Asphalt concrete bases 132 203.03 SECTION 203—COARSE AGGREGATE 203.01—Description These specifications cover material for use as coarse aggregate in hydraulic cement concrete, asphalt concrete, asphalt surface treatments, and drainage. 203.02—Materials Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed or uncrushed gravel with clean, hard, tough, and durable pieces free from adherent coatings and deleterious amounts of friable, thin, elongated, or laminated pieces; soluble salts; or organic materials. (a) Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will be permitted for use as a coarse aggregate provided it conforms to the physical requirements specified herein and shows no adverse chemical reaction. Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will not be permitted in the following: (1) reinforced cement concrete, (2) in combination with other materials in contact with geotextile fabric when such fabric is used as a drainage item, and (3) in backfill or bedding for perforated pipe. (b) Crushed gravel shall consist of particles of which at least 80 percent by weight shall have at least one face fractured by artificial crushing. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of VTM-15. (c) Blast furnace slag shall be relatively free from foreign minerals and glassy or spongy pieces. It shall weigh at least 70 pounds per cubic foot, dry rodded, for size No. 68 and smaller and at least 65 pounds per cubic foot, dry rodded, for larger sizes. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T19. When used in asphalt surface treatments, blast furnace slag shall contain not more than 10 percent nonporous material and shall have an absorption of at least 3 percent. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T85. (d) Crushed glass shall consist of particles of curbside-collected or waste glass. It shall be free from sources of glass that include automotive glass, lead crystal, TV monitors, lighting fixtures and electronics applications. Non-glassy material associated with curbside collection (paper, capping materials, etc.), excluding fragments of broken ceramics and pottery, shall be limited to 5 percent by weight using a gravimetric determination, and including loss on ignition performed in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D2974. One hundred percent of the crushed glass shall pass the 9.5 mm (3/8 inch) sieve with less than 5 percent passing the No. 200 sieve. Crushed glass shall not be used in hydraulic cement concrete, asphalt, base/subbase, or exposed shoulder applications. 203.03—Detail Requirements (a) Grading: Open-graded aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Table II–3. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T27. 133 1 2 3 357 5 56 57 67 68 7 78 8 8P 9 10 Va. Size No. 3 1/2 in. Min. 100 90–100 4 in. 2 1/2 in. 2 in. 1 in. Max. 5 Max. 5 3/4 in. 0–15 35–70 Min. 100 90–100 20–55 Min. 100 90–100 40–85 Min. 100 95–100 Min. 100 90–100 Min. 100 90–100 Min. 100 Min. 100 Max. 15 Max. 15 35–70 1 1/2 in. 3/8 in. Max. 5 10–30 Max. 10 Max. 5 10–40 Max. 15 25–60 20–55 30–65 90–100 40–70 90–100 40–75 Min. 100 85–100 Min. 100 75–100 Min. 100 Min. 100 1/2 in. No. 8 No. 16 Max. 5 Max. 10 Max. 5 Max. 10 Max. 5 5–25 Max. 10 Max. 5 Max. 15 Max. 5 5–25 Max. 10 Max. 5 10–30 Max. 10 Max. 5 5–30 Max. 5 85–100 10–40 Max. 10 85–100 Max. 5 No. 4 Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings) (% by Weight) 25–60 Min. 100 90–100 35–70 Min. 100 90–100 Min. 100 95–100 3 in. TABLE II–3 Sizes of Open-Graded Coarse Aggregates Max. 5 No. 50 10–30 No. 100 203.03 134 203.03 TABLE II–4 Soundness Max. Soundness Loss (%) Use Magnesium Sulphate (5 Cycles) Freeze and Thaw (100 Cycles) 12 15 20 30 5 6 7 12 Hydraulic cement concrete Asphalt surface courses Asphalt and aggregate bases Select material (Type I) and subbase TABLE II–5 Abrasion Max. Los Angeles Abrasion Loss (%) Use Grade A stone Grade B stone Grade C stone Slag Gravel 100 Rev. 500 Rev. 9 12 14 12 12 40 45 50 45 45 (b) Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II–4. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. The requirement for soundness test for crushed glass is waived due to its preclusion from the applications shown in Table II–4. (c) Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss shall conform to the requirements of Table II–5. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T96 on aggregate with a grading the most nearly identical with the grading to be used in the work. (d) Deleterious Material: The amount of deleterious material shall be not more than the following: Material Coal and lignite Clay lumps Material passing No. 200 sieve by washing1 1 % by Weight AASHTO Test Method 0.25 0.25 1.00 T113 T112 T11 When the material passing the No. 200 sieve by washing is dust of fracture, the percentage of deleterious material may be increased to 1.50 percent. (e) Flat and Elongated Particles: Coarse aggregate to be used as a riding surface during construction activities or as the riding surface after construction shall contain not more than 30 percent by mass of aggregate particles retained on and above the 3/8-inch sieve having a maximum to minimum dimensional ratio greater than 5 as determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4791. 135 204.01 SECTION 204—STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL, AND GABIONS 204.01—Description These specifications cover aggregate materials used to protect ground slopes from erosion or wave action and those used for drainage, generally behind a backwall or abutment. 204.02—Detail Requirements (a) Stone for rubble or mortar rubble masonry shall be sound, durable, and free from seams, cracks, and other structural defects and shall be minimum Grade C stone free from rounded, worn, or weathered surfaces. (b) Stone for riprap and bedding shall be sound, durable, and free from seams, cracks, and other structural defects. Riprap stone and bedding exposed to the wave action of water shall be of igneous or metamorphic origin. Riprap bedding shall be crushed stone, minimum Grade B. (c) Porous backfill shall be aggregate size No. 78 or No. 8, a minimum Grade B. Crushed glass meeting the gradation requirements specified in Section 203.02(d) of the Specifications can be directly substituted for size No. 78 and 8 aggregates. (d) Gabion stone shall be durable and free from seams and cracks. Weathered stone shall not be used. Stone shall weigh between 4 and 30 pounds except that approximately 5 percent of the individual stones may weigh less than 4 or more than 30 pounds. At least 50 percent of the stone shall weigh more than 10 pounds. SECTION 205—CRUSHER RUN AGGREGATE 205.01—Description These specifications cover crushed aggregate used for backfilling and bedding pipe and box culverts, maintaining traffic, and repairing and constructing all-weather private access pavements. 205.02—Materials Crusher run aggregate shall be crushed from stone, slag, or gravel and shall contain all of the sizes produced when the original aggregate is reduced through a series of crushers to the maximum size specified. It shall be essentially free from deleterious substances in accordance with the requirements of Section 203. (a) Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will be permitted for use as crusher run aggregate provided it conforms to the physical requirements of Section 203 and shows no adverse 136 206.01 chemical reaction. It shall not be used in a subsurface drainage application in combination with perforated pipe or as a base material where geotextile fabric is to be used. (b) Crushed gravel shall consist of particles of which at least 90 percent by weight of material retained on the No. 10 sieve shall have at least one face fractured by artificial crushing. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of VTM-15. (c) Crushed glass will be permitted for use as crusher run aggregate provided it conforms to the physical requirements of Section 203.02(d) of the Specifications. Crushed glass having the gradation specified in Section 203.02(d) of the Specifications can be directly substituted for size No. 25 and 26 aggregates in pipe bedding and backfilling applications only. 205.03—Detail Requirements (a) Grading: Grading shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T27: % by Weight of Materials Passing Sieve Size No. 24 25 26 2 1/2 in 2 in Min. 100 95±5 1 1/2 in 1 in Min. 100 95±5 Min. 100 3/4 in No 4 95±5 32±18 32±18 38±22 (b) Atterberg Limits: The liquid limit shall be not more than 25. The plasticity index shall be not more than 3. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of VTM-7. (c) Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II–4. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. The requirement for soundness test for crushed glass is waived due to its preclusion from the applications shown in Table II–4. (d) Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss shall be not more than 45 percent. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T96. (e) Flat and Elongated Particles: Crusher run aggregate to be used as a riding surface during construction activities or as the riding surface after construction shall contain not more than 30 percent by mass of aggregate particles retained on and above the 3/8-inch sieve having a maximum to minimum dimensional ratio greater than 5 as determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4791. SECTION 206—LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE 206.01—Description These specifications cover lightweight aggregate used in hydraulic cement concrete and asphalt surface treatment. 137 206.02 206.02—Detail Requirements Lightweight aggregate shall consist of clay, shale, or slate expanded through a sintering or rotary kiln. (a) Lightweight aggregate used in hydraulic cement concrete shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M195. (b) Lightweight aggregate used for asphalt surface treatment shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M195 except that Sections 3, 6, and 8 will not apply. Grading shall conform to the requirements of Table II–3 except that the maximum percentage by weight of material passing the No. 8 sieve shall be 16 percent and passing the No. 16 sieve shall be 9 percent. SECTION 207—SELECT MATERIAL 207.01—Description These specifications cover nonplastic material obtained from roadway cuts, borrow areas, or commercial sources used as foundation for subbase, shoulder surfacing, fill, backfill, or other specific purposes. TABLE II–6 Design Range: Select Material, Type I % by Weight of Material Passing Sieve 3 in 2 in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 ASTM D4791 Flat & Elongated 5:1 100 95–100 25–55 16–30 4–14 30% max. 207.02—Detail Requirements Select material shall consist of approved local or commercial materials free from roots, muck, and debris. (a) Grading: 1. Type I: Grading for Type I shall conform to the job-mix formula selected from within the design range specified in Table II–6, subject to the applicable tolerances specified in Table II–7 when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM- 25. 2. Type II and Type III: Grading for Types II and III shall conform to the following when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-25: 138 207.02 % by Weight of Material Passing Sieve 1 Type 3 in 2 in No. 200 II III1 Min. 100 Min. 100 Max. 25 Max. 20 A maximum of 25 percent of material retained on the No. 200 sieve will be allowed for Type III if the liquid limit is less than 25 and the plasticity index is less than 6. TABLE II–7 Process (P) and Range (R) Tolerance: Select Material, Type I Tolerance on Each Laboratory Sieve (%) 3 in 2 in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 No. Test P R P R P R P R P R 1 2 3 4 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ±4.0 ±3.0 ±2.5 ±2.0 ±1.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 ±15.0 ±10.5 ±8.5 ±7.5 ±5.5 18.5 22.0 23.5 26.5 ±10.0 ±7.0 ±5.5 ±5.0 ±3.0 13.0 15.0 16.5 18.5 ±6.0 ±4.0 ±3.5 ±3.0 ±2.0 8.5 10.0 10.5 12.0 (b) Atterberg Limits: 1. Type I: The mean of the Atterberg limits shall conform to the requirements in Table II–8 when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-7. 2. Types II and III: Atterberg limits shall conform to the following when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-7: Type Max. Liquid Limit Max. Plasticity Index II III 30 30 9 9 (c) California Bearing Ratio (CBR): Tests for CBR will be performed in accordance with the requirements of VTM-8 for conformance to the specified value. (d) Soundness: Soundness for Type 1 shall conform to the requirements of Table II–4. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. (e) Flat and Elongated Particles: Select materials to be used as a riding surface during construction activities or as the riding surface after construction shall contain not more than 30 percent by mass of aggregate particles retained on and above the 3/8-inch sieve having a maximum to minimum dimensional ratio greater than 5 as determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4791. (f) Crushed glass that conforms to the physical requirements set forth in the Specifications shall be limited to Type II and Type III applications to exclude those applications listed in Section 203.02(d) of the Specifications. 139 207.03 207.03—Job-Mix Formula for Select Material, Type I The Contractor shall submit or shall have the supplier submit a job-mix formula for the Engineer’s approval prior to starting work. The formula shall establish a single percentage of aggregate passing each required sieve size denoted in Table II–6 and shall be in effect until a modification is approved by the Engineer. If unsatisfactory results or other changed conditions make it necessary, the Contractor shall prepare and submit a new formula for the Engineer’s approval. 207.04—Mixing The Contractor shall provide a laboratory as specified in Section 106.07. Select material shall be produced at optimum moisture ±2 percentage points. The Contractor shall have a certified Central Mix Aggregate Technician present at the plant during initial setup and subsequent production. TABLE II–8 Atterberg Limits: Select Material Type I No. Tests Max. Liquid Limit Max. Plasticity Index 1 2 3 4 8 25.0 23.9 23.2 23.0 22.4 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.7 207.05—Acceptance of Select Material, Type I Sampling and testing for determination of grading and Atterberg limits shall be performed by the Contractor. The Contractor shall provide the Department copies of test results on forms furnished by the Department and shall maintain appropriate, current quality control charts. The Department will perform independent monitor tests. If there is a statistically significant difference between the two sets of results, an investigation will be made to determine the reason for the difference. If it is determined that the material does not conform to the requirements of the Contract, the material will be rejected or a payment adjustment will be made in accordance with the requirements of Section 207.07. Determination of grading and Atterberg limits will be based on a mean of the results of tests performed on four samples taken in a stratified random manner for each 2,000-ton lot. Lots of 4,000 tons may be used when the normal daily production of the source from which the material is being obtained is more than 2,000 tons. If visual examination reveals that the material is obviously contaminated or segregated, the material will be rejected without additional sampling or testing. If it is necessary to determine the grading and Atterberg limits of the material in an individual location, one sample taken from the material in question will be tested and the results will be compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances specified in Table II–7 and Table II–8 for one test. The results obtained will apply only to the material in question. 140 207.07 A lot will be considered acceptable for grading if the mean of the results falls within the allowed deviation from the job-mix formula and the difference between the maximum and minimum results does not exceed the range values specified in Table II–7. A lot will be considered acceptable for Atterberg limits if the mean of the test results is less than the maximum allowed for the liquid limit and plasticity index values specified in Table II–8. If the liquid limit exceeds 30 or the plasticity index exceeds 9 on any individual sample, that portion of the lot from which the sample was taken will be considered a separate part of the lot and shall be removed from the road. If the Contract specifies less than 2,000 tons of material, the amount of material necessary to complete the last lot is less than 2,000 tons (or 4,000 tons, if applicable), the job-mix formula is modified within a lot, or a portion of the lot is rejected on the basis of individual test results, the mean results of the tests on the samples taken will be compared to the job-mix formula with the applicable process tolerances specified in Table II–7 and Table II–8 for the number of tests performed. 207.06—Referee System for Select Material, Type I If the test results obtained for one of the four samples or the mean of the four samples tested to evaluate a particular lot is questionable, the referee system as specified in Section 208.07 will be applied except that the final mean results will be compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances given in Table II–7 and Table II–8 for the mean of eight tests. 207.07—Payment Adjustment System for Select Material, Type I If a lot of material does not conform to the acceptance requirements stated herein, adjustment points, determined as follows, will be applied for each 1 percent or part thereof that the grading or Atterberg limits are outside the job-mix formula with the tolerances given in Table II–7 and Table II–8. Adjustment Points Sieve Size Process Range 3-in 2-in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 3 5 Atterberg Limits Adjustment Points Liquid limit Plasticity index 3 7 If the total adjustment (excluding the range adjustment) for the lot is more than 25 points, the failing material shall be removed from the road. If the total adjustment (excluding the range adjustment) is 25 points or less and the Contractor does not elect to remove and replace the material, the contract unit 141 207.07 price for the material will be reduced by 1 percent for each adjustment point. The total adjustment will be applied to the tonnage represented by the sample(s). SECTION 208—SUBBASE AND AGGREGATE BASE MATERIAL 208.01—Description These specifications cover material used to form a foundation for base or surface pavement. TABLE II–9 Design Range for Dense-Graded Aggregates Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings1) (% by Weight) 1 Size No. 2 in 1 in 3/8 in No. 10 No. 40 21A 21B 22 100 100 — 94–100 85–95 100 63–72 50–69 62–78 32–41 20–36 39–56 14–24 9–19 23–32 ASTM D4791 No. 200 Flat & Elongated 5:1 6–12 4–7 8–12 30% max. 30% max. 30% max. In inches, except where otherwise indicated. Numbered sieves are those of the U.S. Standard Sieve Series. 208.02—Materials (a) Subbase material shall consist of mixtures of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone or slag, and natural or crushed sand, with or without soil mortar. (b) Aggregate base material will be designated as Type I or Type II as follows: Type I shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel, with or without soil mortar or other admixtures. Crushed gravel shall consist of particles of which at least 90 percent by weight of the material retained on the No. 10 sieve shall have at least one face fractured by artificial crushing. Type II shall consist of gravel, stone, or slag screenings; fine aggregate and crushed coarse aggregate; sand-clay-gravel mixtures; or any combination of these materials; with or without soil mortar or other admixtures. 208.03—Detail Requirements (a) Grading: Grading shall conform to the requirements of the job-mix formula selected from within the design range specified in Table II–9, subject to the applicable tolerances specified in Table II–10 when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-25. 142 208.03 TABLE II–10 Process Tolerances for Each Laboratory Sieve (%) No. Tests Top Size 1 in 3/4 in 3/8 in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 1 2 3 4 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ±10.0 ±7.1 ±5.6 ±5.0 ±3.6 ±14.0 ±10.0 ±7.8 ±7.0 ±5.0 ±19.0 ±13.6 ±10.6 ±9.5 ±6.8 ±14.0 ±10.0 ±7.8 ±7.0 ±5.0 ±8.0 ±5.7 ±4.4 ±4.0 ±2.9 ±4.0 ±2.9 ±2.2 ±2.0 ±1.4 TABLE II–11 Atterberg Limits Max. Liquid Limit Max. Plasticity Index No. Tests Subbase and Aggregate Base Type I and II Subbase Sizes No. 21A, 22, and Aggregate Base Type II Aggregate Base Type I and Subbase Size No. 19 1 2 3 4 8 25.0 23.9 23.2 23.0 22.4 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.7 (b) Atterberg Limits: Atterberg limits shall conform to the requirements of Table II–11 when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-7. (c) Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II–4 when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. (d) Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss shall be not more than 45 percent when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T96. (e) Optimum Moisture: Material shall be produced at optimum moisture ±2 percentage points. (f) Admixtures: Admixtures shall conform to the requirements of the applicable Specifications. (g) Flat and Elongated Particles: Subbase and aggregate base materials to be used as a riding surface during construction activities or as the riding surface after construction shall contain not more than 30 percent by mass of aggregate particles retained on and above the 3/8-inch sieve having a maximum to minimum dimensional ratio greater than 5 as determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4791. 143 208.04 208.04—Job-Mix Formula The Contractor shall submit, or shall have the source of supply submit, for the Engineer’s approval, a job-mix formula for each mixture to be supplied for the project prior to starting work. The formula shall be within the design range specified in Table II–9. If unsatisfactory results or other conditions make it necessary, the Contractor shall prepare and submit a new job-mix formula for approval. 208.05—Mixing Subbase or aggregate base materials shall be mixed in an approved central mixing plant of a pugmill or other mechanical type. Materials shall be blended prior to or during mechanical mixing in a manner than will ensure conformance to the specified requirements. Preparation of subbase and aggregate base material will be subject to inspection at the plant. The Contractor shall provide a laboratory as specified in Section 106.07. During the initial setup and subsequent production, the Contractor shall have a certified Central Mix Aggregate Technician present at the plant. 208.06—Acceptance The Contractor shall provide the quality assurance necessary for the Engineer to determine conformance to the required grading and Atterberg limits of subbase and aggregate base material. Sampling and testing for determination of grading and Atterberg limits shall be performed by the Contractor. The Contractor shall provide copies of test results to the Department on forms furnished by the Department and shall maintain appropriate current quality control charts. The Department will perform independent monitor tests at a laboratory of its choice. If there is a statistically significant difference between the two sets of results, an investigation will be made to determine the reason for the difference. If it is determined that the material does not conform to the requirements of the Contract, the material will be rejected or a payment adjustment will be made in accordance with the requirements of Section 208.08. Determination of grading and Atterberg limits will be based on a mean of the results of tests performed on four samples taken in a stratified random manner from each 2,000-ton lot. Lots of 4,000 tons may be used when the normal daily production of the source from which the material being obtained is more than 2,000 tons. Unless otherwise approved, samples shall be obtained from the approximate center of truckloads of material. Any statistically acceptable method of randomization may be used to determine the time and location of the stratified random sample to be taken. The Department shall be advised of the method to be used prior to the beginning of production. A lot will be considered acceptable for grading if the mean of the test results is within the deviation from the job-mix formula specified in Table II–10. A lot will be considered acceptable for Atterberg limits if the mean of the test results is less than the maximum for the liquid limit and plasticity index specified in Table II–11. If the liquid limit exceeds 30 or the plasticity index exceeds 6 for Type I base material or No. 19 subbase material; or the plasticity index exceeds 9 for Type II base material or subbase materials No. 20, 144 208.08 21, 21A, 21B, or 22 on any individual sample; that portion of the lot from which the sample was taken will be considered a separate part of the lot and shall be removed from the road. If either the amount of material in the lot is less than 2,000 tons (4,000 tons if applicable), the job-mix formula is modified within a lot, or a portion of the lot is rejected on the basis of individual test results, the mean test results of the samples taken will be compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances given in Tables II–10 and II–11 for the number of tests performed. If a visual examination reveals that material in any load is obviously contaminated or segregated, the load will be rejected without additional sampling or testing of the lot. If it is necessary to determine grading or Atterberg limits of material in an individual load, one sample (taken from the load) will be tested and the results compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances given in Tables II–10 and II–11 for one test. Results obtained in the testing of a specific individual load will apply only to the load in question. 208.07—Referee System If the test results obtained for one of the four samples taken to evaluate a particular lot are questionable, the Contractor may request that the results of the questionable sample be disregarded. The Contractor shall then perform tests on five additional samples taken from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed. If the Engineer determines that one of the four test results is questionable, the Department will perform tests on five additional samples taken from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed. The test results of the three original (unquestioned) samples will be averaged with the tests results of the five road samples, and the mean of the test values obtained for the eight samples will be compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances specified in Table II–10 and Table II–11 for the mean of eight tests. If the Contractor questions the mean of the four original test results obtained for a particular lot, he may request approval to perform additional testing of that lot. If the Contractor requests further tests, he shall sample and test the material in accordance with procedures approved by the Engineer. If the Engineer determines that the mean of the four original test results is questionable, the Department will perform additional testing of that lot. The test results of the original four samples will be averaged with the test results of the four additional samples taken from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed, and the mean of test values obtained for the eight samples will be compared to the job-mix formula with the tolerances specified in Tables II–10 and II–11 for the mean result of eight tests. If the mean of the test values obtained for the eight samples conforms to the requirements for the mean of the results of eight tests, the material will be considered acceptable; if the mean does not conform, the lot will be adjusted in accordance with the payment adjustment rate specified in Section 208.08. The provisions of this Section will not be applicable to mixtures containing cement or other admixtures that alter the characteristics of the material. 208.08—Payment Adjustment System If a lot of material does not conform to the acceptance requirements of Section 208.06, payment adjustment points will be determined as follows: 145 208.08 Sieve No. Adjustment Points for Each 1% Grading Is Outside Tolerance Permitted in Table II–10 2 in 1 in 3/4 in 3/8 in 10 40 200 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 Atterberg Limits Adjustment Points for Each 1% Atterberg Limits Exceed Maximum Permitted in Table II–11 Liquid limit Plasticity index 3 7 If the total adjustment for the lot is more than 25 points, the failing material shall be removed from the road. If the total adjustment is 25 points or less and the Contractor does not elect to remove and replace the material, the unit price for the material will be reduced by 1 percent for each adjustment point. The adjustment will be applied to the tonnage represented by the sample(s). The Contractor shall control the variability of his product in order to furnish a consistent, well-graded mixture. When the quantity of any one type of material furnished for a project exceeds 4,000 tons, the variability of the total quantity furnished will be determined on the basis of the standard deviation for each sieve size. If the standard deviation is within the limits specified in Table II–12, the contract unit price for the material will be adjusted as indicated hereinafter. Standard deviation computations will not be made separately on more than two job mixtures for the same type of material. TABLE II–12 Standard Deviation No. of Payment Adjustment Points for Each Sieve Size Sieve Size 1 Adjustment Point for Each Sieve Size 2 Adjustment Points for Each Sieve Size 3 Adjustment Points for Each Sieve Size 2 in 1 in 3/4 in 3/8 in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 0.6–1.5 4.6–5.5 5.6–6.5 7.1–8.0 5.6–6.5 3.6–4.5 3.1–4.0 1.6–2.5 5.6–6.5 6.6–7.5 8.1–9.0 6.6–7.5 4.6–5.5 4.1–5.0 2.6–3.5 6.6–7.5 7.6–8.5 9.1–10.0 7.5–8.5 5.6–6.5 5.1–6.0 The contract unit price will be reduced by 0.5 percent for each adjustment point applied for standard deviation. The disposition of material having standard deviations larger than those specified in Table II–12 will be as determined by the Engineer. 146 210.01 SECTION 209—OPEN-GRADED SHOULDER MATERIAL 209.01—Description These specifications cover the requirements for open-graded material used on roadway shoulders where designated. 209.02—Detail Requirements Open-graded shoulder material shall be aggregate material No. 18 and shall consist of mixtures of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, or sand, without soil mortar. (a) Grading: Grading shall conform to the following when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-25: % by Weight of Material Passing Sieve 2 in 1 in 3/8 in No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 100 90 ± 10 55 ± 15 20 ± 10 8±5 3±3 (b) Atterberg Limits: Material shall be nonplastic, and the liquid limit shall be not more that 25 when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-7. (c) Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II–7 for subbase material when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T103 or T104. (d) Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss shall be not more than 45 percent when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T96. 209.03—Mixing Pugmill mixing will not be required for aggregate shoulder material No. 18. The Contractor shall provide a laboratory as specified in Section 106.07. SECTION 210—ASPHALT MATERIALS 210.01—Description These specifications cover asphalt material consisting of asphalt, asphalt cement, asphalt cutback, or asphalt emulsion as defined in ASTM D8. 147 210.02 210.02—Materials Asphalt material shall be homogeneous and shall conform to the following: (a) Rapid curing and medium curing liquid asphalts used as surface treatments shall contain a heat-stable additive conforming to the requirements of Section 211. (b) Liquid asphalt material will be tested for coating ability in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T182, with the following modifications: 1. Material that can coat 95 percent of a shady dolomite will be classified Type I. 2. Material that can coat 95 percent of a siliceous gravel wetted with 2 percent water by weight will be classified Type II. (c) Rapid curing cutback asphalts shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M81. (d) Medium curing cutback asphalts shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M82. (e) Cements shall be viscosity graded and shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M226, Table 2, except that the loss on heating shall be not greater than 1.0 for AC-5, 0.8 for AC-20, and 0.5 for all other grades. (f) Emulsions shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M208 and shall be Type I as specified herein except that CRS-2 shall be Type II as specified herein. CRS-1h shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M208 for CRS-1 except that the penetration shall be 40 to 110. Emulsions will be sampled and tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T59 except that viscosity will be tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-64. 210.03—Detail Requirements (a) Shipping: Shipments of asphalt material shall be made in transporting media that are free from contamination. Tank trucks or trailers shall be equipped with a sampling device approved by the Engineer. The device shall have an inside diameter of 1/2 to 1 inch and a gate valve or petcock. The device shall be built into the tank or the recirculating or discharge line so that a sample can be drawn during circulation or discharge. (b) Storing: Asphalt material to be stored shall be placed in storage tanks that are free from contamination. 210.04—Payment Adjustment System If the material represented by any one sample does not conform to the requirements herein and the material is a pay item, the contract unit price for the item will be reduced by 4 percent for each property that does not conform to the Specifications for the quantity represented by the sample that was used on the project. Unused material represented by the failing sample will be rejected. 148 211.02 If the material represented by a failing sample was not a pay item, the material will be considered unacceptable and shall be subject to the requirements of Section 105.18 and Section 106.10. SECTION 211—ASPHALT CONCRETE 211.01—Description Asphalt concrete shall consist of a combination of mineral aggregate and asphalt material mixed mechanically in a plant specifically designed for such purpose. An equivalent single-axle load (ESAL) will be established by the Engineer, and SUPERPAVE mix types may be specified as one of the types listed as follows: Mix Type SM-9.0 A SM-9.0 D SM-9.0 E SM-9.5 A SM-9.5 D SM-9.5 E SM-12.5 A SM-12.5 D SM-12.5 E IM-19.0 A IM-19.0 D BM-25.0 A BM-25.0 D 1 Equivalent Single-Axle Load (ESAL) Range (millions) 0 to 3 3 to 10 Above 10 0 to 3 3 to 10 Above 10 0 to 3 3 to 10 Above 10 Less than 10 10 and above All ranges Above 10 Asphalt Performance Grade (PG) Aggregate Nominal Maximum Size1 64–22 70–22 76–22 64–22 70–22 76–22 64–22 70–22 76–22 64–22 70–22 64–22 70–22 3/8 in 3/8 in 3/8 in 3/8 in 3/8 in 3/8 in 1/2 in 1/2 in 1/2 in 3/4 in 3/4 in 1 in 1 in Nominal maximum size is defined as one sieve size larger than the first sieve to retain more than 10% aggregate. Asphalt concrete shall conform to the requirements for the type designated. 211.02—Materials (a) Asphalt materials shall conform to the requirements of Section 210 except asphalt cement materials shall be performance graded (PG) in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M320.In addition, asphalt mixtures with the E designation shall meet the asphalt cement requirements in Section 211.04(e)1. (b) Coarse aggregate shall be Grade A or B, conforming to the requirements, except for grading, of Section 203 for quality. In addition, the coarse aggregate sizes retained on and above the No. 4 sieve shall comply with the coarse aggregate requirements in Table II–12A. Flat and elongated (F&E) particles shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM 149 211.02 D 4791, and coarse aggregate angularity (CAA) shall be tested on crushed gravel only in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D 5821. (c) Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements except for grading of Section 202 for quality and the fine aggregate requirements in Table II–12A. Fine aggregate angularity (FAA) shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T 304 (Method A) and sand equivalent (SE) shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T 176. (d) After a gradation is performed: 1. If 10 percent or more of the material is retained on the No. 4 sieve, that portion will be tested in accordance with the requirements for coarse aggregate. 2. If 10 percent or more of the material passes the No. 4 sieve, that portion will be tested for SE. 3. If 10 percent or more of the material passes the No. 8 sieve, that portion will be tested for FAA. (e) Fine or coarse aggregates that tend to polish under traffic will not be permitted in any final surface exposed to traffic except in areas where the two-way average daily traffic is less than 750 vehicles per day and as permitted elsewhere in these Specifications. (f) Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements of Section 201. (g) Aggregate for asphalt concrete shall be provided in sufficient sizes to produce a uniform mixture. The Contractor shall indicate on the proposed job-mix formula the separate approximate sizes of aggregate to be used. Where segregation or nonuniformity is evident in the finished pavement, the Engineer reserves the right to require the Contractor to discontinue the use of crusher run or aggregate blends and to furnish separate sizes of open-graded aggregate material. (h) An antistripping additive shall be used in all asphalt mixes. It may be hydrated lime or an approved chemical additive from the Department’s approved list found in the Materials Division’s Manual of Instructions, or a combination of both. The mixture shall produce a tensile strength ratio (TSR) not less than 0.80 for the design and production tests. The TSR shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T283, including a freeze-thaw cycle (4-inch specimens compacted with a Marshall hammer or 3.5 by 6-inch specimens when compacted with a gyratory compactor), except that the 16-hour curing time requirement and the 72- to 96-hour storage period will be waived. Design tests shall use the same materials that are to be used in the production mix and shall be conducted in a laboratory approved by the Department. 150 151 CAA 75% min. 75% min. 80% min. 90% min. 80% min. 80% min. 90% min. 80% min. 80% min. 90% min. 80% min. 80% min. 90% min. 2 fractured faces Coarse Aggregate Properties 10 percent measured at 5:1 on maximum to minimum dimensions 80% min. 80% min. BM-25.0 A BM-25.0 D 1 85% min. 95% min. SM-9.5 A SM-9.5 D SM-9.5 E IM-19.0 A IM-19.0 D 85% min. 85% min. 95% min. SM-9.0 A SM-9.0 D SM-9.0 E 85% min. 85% min. 95% min. 85% min. 85% min. 95% min. Mix Type SM-12.5 A SM-12.5 D SM-12.5 E 1 fractured face TABLE II–12A 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max.1 10% max. 10% max.1 10% max.1 1 ASTM D4791 F & E “(5:1) % by weight Aggregate Properties 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 40% min. 45% min. 45% min. 40% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. 45% min. FAA SE Fine Aggregate Properties 211.02 211.02 When a chemical additive is used, it shall be added to the asphalt cement prior to introduction into the mix. Any chemical additive or particular concentration of chemical additive found to be harmful to the asphalt material or that changes the viscosity of the original asphalt cement more than 400 poises or the penetration more than –4 or +10 shall be changed to obtain compliance with these values. (i) Hydrated lime shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C977. Hydrated lime shall be added at a rate of not less than 1 percent by weight of the total dry aggregate. A separate bin or tank and feeder system shall be provided to store and accurately proportion the lime into the aggregate in either dry or slurry form. The lime and aggregate shall be mixed by pugmill or other approved means to achieve a uniform lime coating of the aggregate prior to entering the drier. In the event lime is added in dry form, the aggregate shall contain at least 3 percent free moisture. The stockpiling of lime treated aggregate will not be permitted. The feeder system shall be controlled by a proportioning device, which shall be accurate to within ±10 percent of the specified amount. The proportioning device shall have a convenient and accurate means of calibration. A flow indicator or sensor shall be provided with the proportioning device and interlocked with the plant controls, aggregate feed or weigh system, such that production of the mixture will be maintained and, if there is a stoppage of the lime feed, interrupted. The method of introducing and mixing the lime and aggregate shall be subject to approval by the Engineer prior to beginning production. (j) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material may be used as a component material of asphalt mixtures in conformance with the following: 1. Asphalt surface, intermediate, and base mixtures containing RAP shall use the PG grade of asphalt cement as indicated in Table II–14A. 2. The final asphalt mixture shall conform to the requirements for the type specified. 3. During the production process, RAP material shall not be allowed to contact open flame. 4. RAP material shall be handled, hauled, and stored in a manner that will minimize contamination. Further, the material shall be stockpiled and used in such manner that variable asphalt contents and asphalt penetration values will not adversely affect the consistency of the mixture. 5. RAP shall be processed in such a manner as to ensure that the maximum top size introduced into the mix shall be 2 inches. The Engineer may require smaller sized particles to be introduced into the mix if the reclaimed particles are not broken down or uniformly distributed throughout the mixture during heating and mixing. 152 211.03 211.03—Job-Mix Formula The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer’s approval a job-mix formula for each mixture to be supplied. The job-mix formula shall be within the design range specified. The job-mix formula shall establish a single percentage of aggregate passing each required sieve, a single percentage of asphalt material to be added to the aggregate, a temperature at which the mixture is to be produced, and a temperature at which the mixture is to be compacted for SUPERPAVE testing in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R35. Each approved job-mix formula shall remain in effect, provided the results of tests performed on material currently being produced consistently comply with the requirements of the job-mix formula for grading, asphalt content, temperature, and SUPERPAVE compaction results and the requirements of Section 315. (a) SUPERPAVE mixes shall be designed and controlled in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R35 and as specified herein. The Contractor shall have available all of the equipment outlined in AASHTO T312 (section 4–6) and a Department-certified Asphalt Mix Design Technician. The SUPERPAVE mixture shall be compacted in a gyratory compactor with an internal angle of 1.16 +0.02 degrees. The internal angle shall be measured and calibrated using a cold (non-mix) device. The SUPERPAVE Gyratory Compactor (SGC) shall be one from the Department’s approved list found in the Materials Division’s Manual of Instructions The SUPERPAVE mixes shall conform to the requirements of Table II–13 and Table II–14. Section 7.1.2 of AASHTO R30 shall be modified such that the compaction temperature is as specified in (d) 6 herein. The mixture shall be designed and compacted at the N design gyrations specified in Table II–14. The N Max. requirement shall be verified as part of the design process by compacting a minimum of two specimens at the design asphalt content. (b) In conjunction with the submittal of a job-mix formula, the Contractor shall submit complete SUPERPAVE design test data, ignition furnace calibration data in accordance with VTM-102 prepared by an approved testing laboratory, and viscosity data or supplier temperature recommendations for the asphalt cement if different from (d) 6 herein. (c) Three trial blends for gradation shall be run at one asphalt content. An aggregate blend that was previously developed and approved as a job-mix formula at a higher gyration level may be used for a subsequent year’s mix designs that require a lower gyration level in lieu of developing three new trial blends. (d) The SUPERPAVE design test data shall include, but not be limited to, the following information: 1. Grading data for each aggregate component of three trial blends shall be submitted to the Department. The data for the mixture will show percent passing for the following sieves: 2 inch, 1 1/2 inch, 1 inch, 3/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/8 inch, No. 4, No. 8, No. 16, No. 30, No. 50, No. 100, and No. 200. The grading shall be reported to the nearest 1.0 percent except the No. 200 sieve shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 percent. 2. The test data shall include, but not be limited to, the percentage of each aggregate component as compared to the total aggregate in the asphalt mixture. The specific gravity and aggregate properties for coarse and fine aggregates defined in Section 211.02 (b) and (c), including flat and elongated properties, for each aggregate component or for the total aggregates used in the mixture shall be reported. Aggregate properties, except 153 2 1 2 in 100 1 1/2 in 100 90–100 1 in 100 90–100 90 max. 3/4 in 1002 1002 95–100 90 max. – 100 1/2 in 90–100 90–100 90 max. – – 92–100 3/8 in 90 max. 80 max. – – – 70–75 No. 4 47–67 38–67 34–50 28–49 19–38 50–60 No. 8 Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves SM = Surface Mixture; IM = Intermediate Mixture; BM = Base Mixture; C = Curb Mixture. A production tolerance of 1% will be applied to this sieve regardless of the number of tests in the lot. SM-9.0 A,D,E SM-9.5 A,D,E SM-12.5 A,D,E IM-19.0 A,D BM-25.0 A,D C (Curb Mix) Mix Type TABLE II–13 Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Design Range1 28–36 No. 30 15–20 No. 50 2–10 2–10 2–10 2–8 1–7 7–9 No. 200 211.03 154 155 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 2.0–5.0 Mix Type SM-9.0 ANotes 1,2,3 SM-9.0 DNotes 1,2,3 SM-9.0 ENotes 1,2,3 SM-9.5 ANotes 1,2,3 SM-9.5 DNotes 1,2,3 SM-9.5 ENotes 1,2,3 SM-12.5 ANotes 1,2,3 SM-12.5 DNotes 1,2,3 SM-12.5 ENotes 1,2,3 IM-19.0 ANotes 1,2,3 IM-19.0 DNotes 1,2,3 BM-25.0 ANotes 2,3,4 BM-25.0 DNotes 2,3,4 67–75 67–75 69–76 69–76 70–78 70–78 70–78 73–79 73–79 73–79 75–80 75–80 75–80 VFA (%) (%) Design 62–83 62–83 64–81 64–81 65–83 65–83 65–83 68–84 68–84 68–84 70–85 70–85 70–85 VFA (%) Production (Note 2) 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 Min. VMA (%) 0.6–1.3 0.6–1.3 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.2 0.6–1.3 0.6–1.3 0.6–1.3 Fines/Asphalt Ratio (Note 3) 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 N Design 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 N Initial No. of Gyrations 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N Max. ≤ 89.0 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 90.5 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 90.5 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 90.5 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 90.5 ≤ 89.0 ≤ 89.0 Density (%) at N Initial Note 4: Base mix shall be designed at 3.5% air voids. BM-25.0 A shall have a minimum asphalt content of 4.4% unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. BM-25.0 D shall have a minimum asphalt content of 4.6% unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Note 3: Fines-asphalt ratio is based on effective asphalt content. Note 2: During production of an approved job mix, the VFA shall be controlled within these limits. 1SM = Surface Mixture; IM = Intermediate Mixture; BM = Base Mixture. Note 1: Asphalt content should be selected at 4.0% air voids. VTM (%) Production (Note 1) TABLE II–14 Mix Design Criteria 211.03 211.03 sand equivalent, shall be reported for RAP portions of a mixture. The aggregate specific gravity of RAP shall be the effective aggregate specific gravity calculated from the results of tests conducted in accordance with AASHTO T 209 and VTM-102. 3. The aggregate grading in the asphalt mixture shall be determined by igniting or extracting the asphalt from a laboratory-prepared sample. The laboratory sample shall be batched on the basis of component percentages as indicated in (d) 2. herein and at the proposed job-mix asphalt content. The aggregate shall be obtained in accordance with the requirements of VTM-102 or (VTM-36 when approved). Sieves specified in (d) 1. herein shall be reported, beginning with the top size for the mix. 4. The following volumetric properties of the compacted mixture, calculated on the basis of the mixture’s maximum specific gravity determined in accordance with AASHTO T-209 shall be reported to the Engineer. The mixture shall be aged in accordance with AASHTO R30 and the bulk specific gravity of the specimens determined in accordance with AASHTO T-166, Method A, for each asphalt content tested. Properties shall be determined and reported in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R35.. a. Voids in total mix (VTM) b. Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) c. Voids filled with Asphalt (VFA) d. Fines/Asphalt ratio (F/A) 5. The value of the maximum specific gravity of the asphalt mixture used in (c) 4. herein shall be reported to three decimal places. 6. The mixing and compaction temperature for testing shall be as follows: a. For mix designation A , the mix temperature shall be 300 degrees F to 310 degrees F and the compaction temperature shall be 285 degrees F to 290 degrees F. b. For mix designation D, the mix temperature shall be 310 degrees F to 320 degrees F and the compaction temperature shall be 295 degrees F to 300 degrees F. c. In cases involving PG 76–22 or modified binders, the temperatures shall be based on documented supplier’s recommendations. 7. The field correction factor as determined by subtracting the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate from the effective specific gravity of the aggregate at the design asphalt content. 8. Permeability test data shall be submitted in accordance with VTM-120 using either single point verification or the regression method for each surface mix having a different gradation. If the average of the permeability results from the single point verification method exceeds 150 x 10-5 cm/sec, or if the regression method predicts a permeability 156 211.03 exceeding 150 x 10-5 cm/sec at 7.5% voids, the Contractor shall redesign the mixture to produce a permeability number less than 150 x 10-5 cm/sec. (e) The SUPERPAVE design binder content test data shall be plotted on graphs as described in AASHTO R 35 and shall show that the proposed job-mix formula conforms to the requirements of the mix type. (f) A determination will be made that any asphalt concrete mixture being produced conforms to the job-mix formula approved by the Department. The Department and Contractor will test the mixture using samples removed from production. The following tests will be conducted to determine the properties listed: Property Test Asphalt content Gradation SUPERPAVE properties Asphalt cement material VTM-102, (VTM-36 when approved) AASHTO T-30 AASHTO R35 AASHTO T316 or T-201 At the discretion of the Engineer, the Department in accordance with VTM-110 will perform rut testing. If the results of the rut testing do not conform to the following requirements, the Engineer reserves the right to require adjustments to the job-mix formula: Mix Designation Maximum Rut Depth, mm A D E, (M), (S) 7.0 5.5 3.5 In the event the Department determines that the mixture being produced does not conform to the approved job-mix formula and volumetric properties specified in Table II–14 based on the Department’s or Contractor’s test results, the Contractor shall immediately make corrections to bring the mixture into conformance with the approved job-mix formula or cease paving with that mixture. Subsequent paving operations using either a revised or other job-mix formula that has not been verified as described herein shall be limited to a test run of 100 to 300 tons of mixture if such material is to be placed in Department project work. No further paving for the Department using that specific mixture shall occur until the acceptability of the mixture being produced has been verified using the 100 to 300 ton constraint. Asphalt concrete mixtures used in surface, intermediate, and base courses shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R35: 157 211.03 TABLE II–14A Recommended Performance Grade of Asphalt Percentage RAP in Mix Mix Type SM-9.0A, SM-9.5A, SM-12.5A SM-9.0D, SM-9.5D, SM-12.5D SM-9.0E, SM-9.5E, SM-12.5E IM-19.0A IM-19.0D BM-25.0A BM-25.0D 1 0.0–20.0 Over 20.0 PG 64–22 PG 70–22 PG 76–22 PG 64–22 PG 70–22 PG 64–22 PG 70–22 PG 58–28 PG 64–28 PG 70–28 PG 58–28 PG 64–28 PG 64–221 PG 70–221 BM-25.0A mixes using more than 25% RAP shall use PG 58–22, and BM-25.0D mixes using more than 25% RAP shall use PG 64–22. Based on rut testing performed by the Department and/or field performance of the job mix, the Engineer reserves the right to require adjustments to the job-mix formula. 211.04—Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Asphalt concrete mixtures shall conform to the requirements of Table II–14 and the following: (a) Types SM-9.0A, SM-9.0D, SM-9.0E, SM-9.5A, SM-9.5D, SM-9.5E, SM-12.5A, SM12.5D, and SM-12.5E asphalt concrete shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel and fine aggregate, slag or stone screenings, or a combination thereof combined with asphalt cement. NOTE: For all surface mixes, except where otherwise noted, no more than 5 percent of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve and no more than 20 percent of the total aggregate may be polish susceptible. At the discretion of the Engineer, SM-9.5AL or SM-12.5AL may be specified and polish susceptible aggregates may be used (without percentage limits). (b) Types IM-19.0A and IM-19.0D asphalt concrete shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel and fine aggregate, slag or stone screenings, or a combination thereof combined with asphalt cement. NOTE: At the discretion of the Engineer, an intermediate mix may be designated as either SM-19.0A or SM-19.0D. When designated as such, no more than 5 percent of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve may be polish susceptible. All material passing the No. 4 sieve may be polish susceptible. (c) Types BM-25.0A and BM-25.0D asphalt concrete shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel and fine aggregate, slag or stone screenings, or a combination thereof combined with asphalt cement. (d) Type C (curb mix) asphalt concrete shall consist of a blend of No. 78 or No. 8 crushed aggregate, No. 10 crushed aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral filler, and a stabilizing additive from the Department’s approved list found in the Materials Division’s Manual of In158 211.05 structions combined with 6.0 to 9.0 percent of PG 64–22. This mix does not require a volumetric mix design or volumetric testing under the SUPERPAVE system. (e) Type SM-9.5, SM-12.5, IM-19.0, and BM-25.0 asphalt concrete may be designated (M) for modified, (S) for stabilized, or (M) or (S) for Contractor’s option. Asphalt mixtures with the E designation may be modified but shall not be stabilized. 1. Type (M) asphalt mixtures shall consist of mixes incorporating a neat asphalt material with polymer modification complying with the requirements of PG 76–22 and have a rolling thin film oven test residue elastic recovery at 77 degrees F of a minimum 70 percent. Modified mixtures shall be designated with an (M) following the standard mix designation. Type (M) asphalt mixtures shall not be permitted to exceed 15 percent reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material. 2. Type (S) asphalt mixtures shall consist of mixes incorporating a stabilizing additive from the the Department’s approved list found in the Materials Division’s Manual of Instructions. These mixes shall be designated with an (S) following the standard mix designation. The minimum required additive shall be as specified on the Department’s approved list found in the Materials Division’s Manual of Instructions. 211.05—Testing The Contractor shall provide the quality control and assurance necessary for the Department to determine conformance with the required grading, asphalt content, and temperature properties for asphalt concrete. The Contractor shall have a Department-certified Asphalt Mix Design Technician for designing and adjusting mixes as necessary. The Asphalt Mix Design Technician or Asphalt Plant Technician may perform testing of asphalt mixes. The Asphalt Mix Design Technician shall be responsible for reviewing and approving the results of all testing. The Asphalt Mix Design Technician shall be available and have direct communication with the plant for making necessary adjustments in the asphalt concrete mixes at the mixing plant. The Asphalt Mix Design Technician and Asphalt Plant Technician shall each be capable of conducting any tests necessary to put the plant into operation; however, the Asphalt Mix Design Technician shall be responsible for producing a mixture that complies with the requirements of these Specifications. The Department will award certification. The Contractor shall maintain all records and test results associated with the material production and shall maintain appropriate current quality control charts. Test results and control charts shall be available for review by the Engineer. The Contractor shall execute a quality control plan of process inspections and tests, including the determination of SUPERPAVE properties. The results of the SUPERPAVE tests shall be used, along with the results of other quality control efforts, to control the quality of the mixture being produced. The Contractor shall perform at least one field SUPERPAVE test per day per mix or per 1,000 tons per mix if more than 1,000 tons of a mix is produced per day. Aging as described in AASHTO R30 shall not be performed. In the event less than 300 tons of asphalt mixture is produced under a single job-mix formula in a day, field SUPERPAVE testing will not be required. This tonnage shall be added to subsequent production. When the accumulated tonnage exceeds 300 tons, minimum testing frequency shall apply. Field SUPERPAVE test results shall be plotted and displayed in control chart 159 211.05 form in the plant immediately following the completion of each individual test. The tests shall determine asphalt content, VTM, VMA, VFA, and F/A in percentages to the nearest 0.1 percent. The Department will conduct on-site inspections so the Contractor’s Asphalt Mix Design Technician can demonstrate a knowledge of the SUPERPAVE mix design and production requirements on Department-supplied mixture. Aggregate specific gravity and aggregate property tests shall be conducted by a Department-certified Aggregate Properties Technician or Asphalt Mix Design Technician on each aggregate component (including RAP) or total aggregate mixture once at design and once prior to beginning production in each calendar year. Sand equivalent shall not be determined on RAP. In addition, for each 50,000 tons of each aggregate size used at each plant, aggregate specific gravity and the results aggregate property tests shall be reported for each aggregate component or the total aggregate mixture. Otherwise, if the total blend (cold feed) is used to determine aggregate specific gravity and aggregate properties, these tests shall be run for each 50,000 tons of the total blend. Field SUPERPAVE tests shall be performed to Ndesign gyrations as specified in Table II–14. At the Engineer’s discretion, the Nmax. requirement may be verified 211.06—Tests The Department may sample materials entering into the composition of the asphalt concrete, the mixture, or the completed pavement. The Contractor shall cooperate with the Engineer in obtaining these samples. When samples are obtained from the pavement, the resulting voids shall be filled and refinished by the Contractor without additional compensation. When asphalt cement is extracted and recovered in accordance with AASHTO T170, the recovered asphalt cement shall have the following penetration: Mix Type Recovered Penetration Ductility at 77°F SM-9.0A, 9.5A, 12.5A SM-9.0D, 9.5D, 12.5D IM-19.0A IM-19.0D BM-25.0A BM-25.0D Min. 35 Min. 25 Min. 35 Min. 25 Min. 35 Min. 25 Min 40 cm Min 40 cm Min 40 cm Min 40 cm Min 40 cm Min 40 cm NOTE: Penetration and Ductility tests on the recovered asphalt cement shall not be performed on SM-9.5E, 12.5E, and all (M) and (S) mixes. Abson recovery samples that fail penetration shall be PG graded in accordance with AASHTO M320. If the samples comply with the required grade specified in Section 211.01, they will be deemed acceptable. When the Department performs PG grading on the asphalt in a Contractor’s liquid asphalt storage tank, the Engineer will notify the asphalt concrete producer and binder supplier if tests indicate that the binder properties of the asphalt material differ from those of the approved job-mix. The asphalt concrete producer and binder supplier shall determine corrective action with the approval of the Engineer. 160 211.08 211.07—Plant Inspection The preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures will be accepted under a quality assurance plan. The Contractor shall provide a laboratory as specified in Section 106.07. In addition, the Contractor shall have all laboratory scales and gyratory compactors calibrated once a year by an independent source. The Contractor shall maintain the calibration records for 3 years. 211.08—Acceptance Acceptance will be made under the Department’s quality assurance program, which includes the testing of production samples by the Contractor and of monitor samples by the Department. Sampling and testing for the determination of grading, asphalt cement content, and temperature shall be performed by the Contractor, and the Department will perform independent monitor checks at a laboratory of its choosing. The Contractor shall provide copies of such test results to the Department on forms furnished by the Department. Where the Contractor’s test results indicate that the mixture conforms to the gradation, asphalt cement content, and mix temperature requirements of the Specifications, the mixture will be acceptable for these properties; however, nothing herein shall be construed as waiving the requirements of Section 106.06, Section 200.02, Section 200.03, and Section 315 or relieving the Contractor of the obligation to furnish and install a finished functional product that conforms to the requirements of the Contract. In the event a statistical comparative analysis of the Contractor’s test results and the Department’s monitor tests indicate a statistically significant difference in the results and either of the results indicates that the material does not conform to the grading and asphalt cement content requirements of the Specifications, an investigation will be made to determine the reason for the difference. In the event it is determined from the investigation that the material does not conform to the requirements of the Contract, price adjustments will be made in accordance with the requirements of Section 211.09. Acceptance for gradation and asphalt cement content will be based on a mean of the results of four tests performed on samples taken in a stratified random manner from each 2,000-ton lot (4,000-ton lots may be used when the normal daily production of the source from which the material is being obtained is in excess of 2,000 tons). Unless otherwise approved, samples shall be obtained from the approximate center of truckloads of material. Any statistically acceptable method of randomization may be used to determine the time and location of the stratified random sample to be taken; however, the Department shall be advised of the method to be used prior to the beginning of production. A lot will be considered to be acceptable for gradation and asphalt content if the mean of the test results obtained is within the tolerance allowed for the job-mix formula as specified in Table II–15. The temperature of the mixture at the plant shall be controlled to provide load-to-load uniformity during changing weather conditions and surface temperatures. The maximum temperature of mix designations A and D and base mixes shall not exceed 350 degrees F unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The maximum temperature as recommended by the supplier shall not be exceeded for a mix designated E, (M), or (S). In the event the job-mix formula is modified within a lot, the mean test results of the samples taken will be compared to the applicable process tolerance shown in Table II–15. Asphalt content will be measured as extractable asphalt or weight after ignition. 161 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 8 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 1 1/2 in 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 1 in 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 3/4 in 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 1/2 in 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 3/8 in 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 No. 4 8.0 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.8 No. 8 6.0 4.3 3.3 3.0 2.1 No. 30 Tolerance on Each Laboratory Sieve and Asphalt Content: Percent Plus and Minus Defined as the sieve that has 100% passing as defined in Table II–13. Top Size1 No. Tests TABLE II–15 Process Tolerance 5.0 3.6 2.8 2.5 1.8 No. 50 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 No. 200 .60 0.43 0.33 0.30 0.21 A.C. 211.08 162 211.09 Field SUPERPAVE tests will be performed by the Department in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R35 during the production of the approved job mixes designed by the SUPERPAVE method. Aging, as described in AASHTO R30, shall not be performed. Should any field SUPERPAVE test fail with regard to the limits specified in Table II–14, the Department may require that production be stopped until necessary corrective action is taken by the Contractor. The Engineer will investigate and determine the acceptability of material placed and represented by failing field SUPERPAVE test results. Should visual examination by the Engineer reveal that the material in any load or portion of the paved roadway is obviously contaminated or segregated, that load or portion of the paved roadway will be rejected without additional sampling or testing of the lot. In the event it is necessary to determine the gradation or asphalt content of the material in any load or portion of the paved roadway, samples will be taken and tested and the results will be compared to the requirements of the approved job-mix formula. The results obtained in the testing will apply only to the material in question. 211.09—Adjustment System In the event a lot of material does not conform to the acceptance requirements of Section 211.08, adjustment points will be determined as follows: Adjustment Points for Each 1% the Gradation Is Outside the Process Tolerance Permitted In Table II–15 Sieve Size (Applied in 0.1% increments) 1 1/2 in 1 in 3/4 in 1/2 in 3/8 in No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 No. 50 No. 200 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 One adjustment will be applied for each 0.1 percent that the material is out of the process tolerance for asphalt content. In the event the total adjustment for a lot is greater than 25 points, the failing material shall be removed from the road. In the event the total adjustment is 25 points or less and the Contractor does not elect to remove and replace the material, the unit price for the material will be reduced 1 percent of the unit price bid for each adjustment point. The adjustment will be applied to the tonnage represented by the sample(s). In the event adjustment points are applied against two successive lots, plant adjustment shall be made prior to continuing production. The Contractor shall control the variability of his product in order to furnish a uniform mix. When the quantity of any one type of material furnished a project exceeds 4,000 tons, the variability of the total quantity furnished will be determined on the basis of the standard deviation for each sieve size and the asphalt content. In the event the standard deviation is within the ranges specified in Table II–16, the 163 211.09 unit bid price for the material will be adjusted as indicated herein. Adjustments for standard deviation computations will not be made on more than two job mixes for the same type of material. TABLE II–16 Standard Deviation Sieve Size and A.C. Standard Deviation 1 Adjustment Point for Each Sieve Size and A.C. 2 Adjustment Points for Each Sieve Size and A. C. 3 Adjustment Points for Each Sieve Size and A.C. 1/2 in. 3/8 in No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 No. 50 No. 200 A.C. 3.8–4.7 3.8–4.7 3.8–4.7 3.0–3.9 2.2–3.1 1.5–2.4 1.1–2.0 0.27–0.36 4.8–5.7 4.8–5.7 4.8–5.7 4.0–4.9 3.2–4.1 2.5–3.4 2.1–3.0 0.37–0.46 5.8–6.7 5.8–6.7 5.8–6.7 5.0–5.9 4.2–5.1 3.5–4.4 3.1–4.0 0.47–0.56 A separate standard deviation will be determined by the Department for each calendar year’s production of each mix type produced by a plant. The unit bid price will be reduced by 0.5 percent for each adjustment point applied for standard deviation. The Engineer will determine the disposition of material having standard deviations larger than those specified in Table II–16. 211.10—Referee System (a) In the event the test results obtained from one of the four samples taken to evaluate a particular lot appear to be questionable, the Contractor may request in writing that the results of the questionable sample be disregarded, whereupon the Contractor shall have either an AASHTO-accredited lab or Department lab perform tests on five additional samples taken from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed. In the event the Engineer determines that one of the four tests results appears to be questionable, the Department will perform tests on five additional samples taken from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed. The test results of the three original, i.e., unquestioned, samples will be averaged with the test results of the five road samples, and the mean of the test values obtained for the eight samples will be compared to the requirements for the mean of eight tests as specified in Table II–15. (b) In the event the Contractor questions the mean of the four original test results obtained for a particular lot, the Contractor may request in writing approval to have either an AASHTO-accredited lab or Department lab perform additional testing of that lot. In the event the Engineer determines that the mean of the four original test results are questionable, the Department will perform additional testing of that lot. The test results of the original four samples will be averaged with the test results of the four additional samples taken 164 211.12 from randomly selected locations in the roadway where the lot was placed, and the mean of test values obtained for the eight samples will be compared to the requirements for the mean result of eight tests as specified in Table II–15. If the Contractor requests additional tests, as described in (a) or (b) herein, the Contractor shall sample the material and have either an AASHTO-accredited lab or Department lab test the material in accordance with Department-approved procedures. The Engineer reserves the right to observe the sampling and testing. In the event the mean of the test values obtained for the eight samples conforms to the requirements for the mean results of eight tests, the material will be considered acceptable. In the event the mean of the test values obtained for the eight samples does not conform to the requirements for the mean result of eight tests, the lot will be adjusted in accordance with the adjustment rate specified in Section 211.09. Samples of the size shown herein shall be saw cut by the Contractor for testing without the use of liquids: Application Rate Minimum Sample Size 125 lb/yd2 150 lb/yd2 200 lb/yd2 300 lb/yd2 8 by 8 in 7 by 7 in 6 by 6 in 5 by 5 in 211.11—Handling and Storing Aggregates Aggregates shall be handled, hauled, and stored in a manner that will minimize segregation and avoid contamination. Aggregates shall be stockpiled in the vicinity of the plant and on ground that is denuded of vegetation, hard, well drained, or otherwise prepared to protect the aggregate from contamination. Placing aggregate directly from the crusher bins into the cold feed may be permitted provided the material is consistent in gradation. When different size aggregates are stockpiled, the stockpiles shall be separated to prevent commingling of the aggregates. 211.12—Asphalt Concrete Mixing Plant Plants used for the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures shall conform to the following requirements: (a) Certification for Plant Operation and Sampling: A Certified Asphalt Plant Technician shall sample material at the plant. (b) Plant Scales: Scales shall be approved in accordance with the requirements of Section 109.01. (c) Drier: The plant shall include a drier(s) that continuously agitates the aggregate during the heating and drying process. The aggregate shall be dried to a point at which the moisture content of the completed mixture does not exceed 1 percent as determined from samples taken at the point of discharge from the mixing operation. 165 211.12 (d) Feeder for Drier: The plant shall be equipped with accurate mechanical means for uniformly feeding the aggregate into the drier so that a uniform production and uniform temperature will be obtained. Where different size aggregates are required to comply with grading specifications, they shall be proportioned by feeding into the cold elevator through a multiple compartment feeder bin, one bin for each size used, equipped with positive action gates that can be securely locked to maintain desired proportioning. (e) Bins: When bins are used, adequate and convenient facilities shall be provided to make possible the sampling of representative aggregate material for each bin. Each compartment shall be provided with an overflow pipe of such size and at such location to prevent contamination of the aggregate in adjacent compartments and shall be provided with individual outlet gates that, when closed, will allow no leakage. (f) Thermometric Equipment: The plant shall be equipped with a thermometric instrument so placed at the discharge chute of the drier as to register automatically or indicate the temperature of the heated aggregate or the completed mix if the drier drum mixing plant is used. A thermometric device shall be fixed in the asphalt feed line at a suitable location near the charging valve at the mixer unit. Thermometric devices shall be maintained in good working condition and shall be subject to checking against the laboratory thermometer. Any instruments that do not operate or register properly shall be removed and repaired or replaced. (g) Pollution Control: Pollution control shall conform to the requirements of Section 107.16. (h) Equipment for Preparation of Asphalt Material: Tanks for the storage of asphalt material shall be equipped with a heating system capable of heating and holding the material at the required temperatures. A separate storage tank or a storage tank having separate compartments shall be available for each grade of asphalt cement being used. The heating system shall be designed to heat the contents of the tank by means of steam, electricity, or other approved means so that no flame is in contact with the heating surface of the tank. The circulating system for the asphalt material shall be designed to assure proper and continuous circulation during the operating period and to minimize oxidation. Pipelines shall be steam jacketed or insulated to prevent undue loss of heat. Storage facilities for asphalt material shall be sufficient for at least one day’s operation or an equivalent means of supply shall be provided that will ensure continuous operation. Provisions shall be made for measuring and sampling storage tanks. When asphalt material is proportioned by volume, the temperature of the asphalt material in storage shall be uniformly maintained at ±20 degrees F during operation of the plant by means of an automatic temperature control device. A sampling valve shall be provided for sampling of each asphalt storage tank used in production of the mix. If there are multiple storage tanks, a dedicated valve for each tank shall be provided. (i) Asphalt Control: Asphalt material shall be accurately proportioned by volume or weight. When volumetric methods are used, measurements shall be made by means of meters or pumps, calibrated for accuracy. The section of the asphalt line between the charging valve and the spray bar shall be provided with an outlet valve for checking the meter. When proportioned by weight, the asphalt material shall be weighed on approved scales. Dial scales shall have a capacity of not more than 15 percent of the capacity of the mixer. The value of the minimum graduation shall not be greater than 2 pounds. 166 211.12 Except when a drier-drum mixing plant is used, the asphalt material bucket and its valves and spray bar shall be steam jacketed or heated by other approved means. The bucket shall have a capacity of at least 115 percent of the weight of the asphalt material required in any mixture and shall be supported by fulcrums. The asphalt shall be delivered to the mixer in multiple uniform streams for the full width of the mixer. (j) Proportioning Aggregates: Mineral filler and any bag house fines the Contractor uses shall be metered or introduced by means of an approved device for uniform proportioning by weight or by volume. The weigh hopper shall be of sufficient size to hold the maximum required weight of aggregate for one batch without hand raking or running over. Sufficient clearance between the weigh hopper and supporting devices shall be provided to prevent accumulation of foreign materials. The discharge gate of the weigh hopper shall be situated in such a manner that the aggregates will not segregate when dumped into the mixer. Gates on the bins and weigh hopper shall be constructed to prevent leakage when closed. (k) Drum Mixer: The aggregate shall be proportioned by a positive weight control at the cold aggregate feed by use of a belt scale that will automatically regulate the supply of material being fed and permit instant correction of variations in load. The cold feed flow shall be automatically coupled with the asphalt flow to maintain the required proportions. (l) Batch Mixer: The batch mixer shall be of a twin pugmill or other approved type, steam jacketed or heated by other approved means, and capable of producing uniform mixtures within the specified tolerances. It shall be equipped with a sufficient number of paddles or blades, operated at such speeds as to produce a properly and uniformly mixed batch. The number and arrangement of the mixer paddles shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. Worn or defective blades shall not be used in mixing operations. The mixer shall be provided with an approved time lock that will lock the discharge gate after the aggregates and asphalt have been placed in the mixer and will not release the gate until the specified time has elapsed. Batch-type mixing plants used to produce asphalt concrete shall be equipped with approved automatic proportioning devices. Such devices shall include equipment for accurately proportioning batches of the various components of the mixture by weight or volume in the proper sequence and for controlling the sequence and timing of mixing operations. The automated system shall be designed to interrupt and stop the batching operation at any time batch quantities are not satisfied for each of the materials. A means shall be provided for observing the weight of each material during the batching operation. The aggregate may be proportioned by cold feed controls in lieu of plant screens provided the cold aggregate feed conforms to the requirements specified in (j) herein. Should the automatic proportioning devices become inoperative, the plant may be allowed to batch and mix asphalt materials for a period of not more than 48 hours from the time the breakdown occurs provided alternate proportioning facilities are approved by the Engineer. 167 211.12 Written permission of the Engineer will be required for operation without automatic proportioning facilities for periods longer than 48 hours. (m) Continuous Mixing Plant: A continuous mixing plant shall include a means for accurately proportioning each size of aggregate either by weighing or volumetric measurement. When gradation control is by volume, the unit shall include a feeder mounted under the compartment bins. Each bin shall have an accurately controlled individual gate to form an orifice for volumetrically measuring the material drawn from each respective bin compartment. The orifice shall be rectangular, with one dimension adjustable by positive mechanical means, and shall be provided with a lock. Indicators shall be provided to show the individual gate opening in inches. The plant shall be equipped with a satisfactory revolution counter. The plant shall include a means for calibrating gate openings by weight. The materials fed out of the bins through individual orifices shall be bypassed to a suitable test box, with each component material confined in a separate section. The plant shall be equipped to conveniently handle test samples weighing up to 200 pounds per bin, and accurate platform scales shall be provided for this purpose. Positive interlocking control shall be provided between the flow of aggregate from the bins and the flow of asphalt material from the meter or other proportioning device. This shall be accomplished by approved interlocking devices or other approved positive means. Accurate control of the asphalt material shall be obtained by weighing, metering, or volumetric measurement. The aggregate may be proportioned by cold feed controls in lieu of plant screens provided the cold aggregate feed conforms to the requirements specified in (j) herein. The plant shall include a continuous mixer of an approved type that is steam jacketed or heated by other approved means. The paddles shall be of any adjustable type for angular position on the shafts and reversible to retard the flow of the mixture. Interlock cutoff circuits shall be included to interrupt and to stop the proportioning and mixing operations when the aggregate level in the plant or the asphalt material in storage falls below that necessary to produce the specified mixture. (n) Trucks, Truck Scales, and Automatic Printer System: These shall conform to the requirements of Section 109.01. 211.13—Preparation of Mixture The asphalt and aggregate shall be introduced into the mixer at a temperature that will produce a mixture that conforms to the requirements of the job-mix formula. After the required amounts of aggregate and asphalt material have been introduced into the mixer, the materials shall be mixed until a uniform coating of asphalt and a thorough distribution of the aggregate throughout the mixture are secured that comply with the requirements of the Ross count procedure in AASHTO T195. Wet mixing time, based on the procedures in AASHTO T195, shall be determined by the Contractor at the beginning of production and will be approved by the Engineer for each individual plant or mixer and for each type of aggregate used; however, in no case shall the wet mix168 212.01 ing time be less than 20 seconds. The wet mixing time is the interval of time between the start of introduction of the asphalt material into the mixer and the opening of the discharge gate. A wet mixing time that will result in fully coating a minimum of 95 percent of the coarse particles, based on the average of the three samples is acceptable, provided that none of the three samples result has a coating less than 92 percent of the coarse particles shall be the minimum wet mixing time requirement. A dry mixing time of up to 15 seconds may be required by the Engineer to accomplish the degree of aggregate distribution necessary to obtain complete and uniform coating of the aggregate with asphalt. 211.14—Storage System In the event the Contractor elects to use a storage system, the system shall be capable of conveying the mix from the plant to the storage bins and storing the mix without a loss in temperature, segregation, or oxidation of the mix. Storage time shall be limited by the ability of the bins to maintain the mix within the quality requirements specified herein with a maximum time limit not to exceed 10 days. Material may be stored in bins for no more than 24 hours without an approved heating system. The conveyor system may be a continuous or skip bucket type. Continuous type conveyors shall be enclosed so that the mix temperature is maintained. The storage bins shall be designed in a manner to prevent segregation of the mix during discharge from the conveyor into the bins and shall be equipped with discharge gates that will not cause segregation of the mix while the mix is loaded into the trucks. Approval for the use of storage bins may be withdrawn by the Engineer in the event the amount of heat loss, segregation, or oxidation of the mix is excessive. 211.15—Initial Production At the start of production of a mix not previously used on a state roadway, the Contractor shall place 100 to 300 tons or up to one day’s production as directed by the Engineer at an approved site, which may be the project site, so the Engineer can examine the process control of the mixing plant, the Contractor’s placement procedures, surface appearance of the mix, compaction patterns of the Contractor’s roller(s), and correlation of the nuclear density device. The material shall be placed at the specified application rate and will be paid for at the contract unit price for the specified mix type. The Engineer will determine the disposition of material that was not successfully produced and/or placed due to negligence in planning, production, or placement by the Contractor. SECTION 212—JOINT MATERIALS 212.01—Description These specifications cover resilient products made from various materials that are designed to accommodate the movement of rigid structures, such as component parts of hydraulic cement concrete, and seal the joint from intrusion of water or incompressibles. 169 212.02 212.02—Detail Requirements (a) Hot-poured joint sealer shall be heated in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 1. Asphalt sealer shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D6690, Type II. 2. Elastomeric joint sealer shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D3406 and shall be used only for longitudinal joints. (b) Silicone sealants shall be furnished in a one- or two-part formulation. The sealant shall be compatible with the surface to which it is applied. Acid-cure sealants are not acceptable for use on hydraulic cement concrete. Bond breakers shall be chemically inert and resistant to petroleum products, solvents, and primers. Silicone sealants will be identified in the following manner: 1. Class A: A low-modulus non-sag silicone for use in sealing horizontal and vertical joints in hydraulic concrete pavements and structures. Tooling is required. 2. Class B: A very-low-modulus self-leveling silicone used to seal horizontal joints in hydraulic cement concrete pavements and structures. Tooling is not normally required. 3. Class C: An ultra-low-modulus self-leveling silicone used to seal horizontal joints in hydraulic cement concrete pavements and structures. It can also be used to seal the joints between hydraulic cement concrete pavement and asphaltic concrete shoulders. Tooling is not normally required. 4. Class D: An ultra-low-modulus self-leveling rapid-curing two-part silicone used to seal expansion joints on bridge decks. It can also be used to seal joints subject to dynamic movements where rapid curing is necessary. Tooling is not normally required. 170 212.02 Silicone sealants shall conform to the following physical requirements: Sealant Class Properties Test Method A B C D Tensile stress at 150% strain (max. psi) ASTM C1135 45 40 15 25 (Note 1) Durometer hardness, Shore (0° and 77°± ASTM D2240 “A” “00” “00” “00” 3°F) (Note 1) 10–25 40–80 20–80 40–80 Bond to concrete mortar (min. psi) (Notes 1 VTM-90 50 40 35 35 and 3) Tack-free time (skin-over) (max. min) VTM-90 (Note 4) 180 180 180 30 (Note 2) Extrusion rate (min. g/min) VTM-90 75 90 100 200 Non-volatile (min. %) specific gravity VTM-90 90 90 90 90 ASTM D792 1.1–1.5 1.1–1.5 1.1–1.5 1.2–1.5 (Method A) Shelf life (from date of shipment) 6 mo 6 mo 6 mo 6 mo Movement capability and adhesion (Note 1) VTM-90 No adhesive or cohesive failure after 10 cycles at 0°F Ozone and UV resistance (Note 1) ASTM No chalking, cracking, or bond loss C-793–75 after 5,000 hr Note 1: The cure time for these specimens shall be 21 days for Class A and 28 days for Classes B and C. Specimens shall be cured at 77° ± 3°F and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Note 2: At conditions of 77° ± 3°F and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Note 3: Class C silicone shall also attain its bond strength requirement to asphalt concrete. Note 4: In cases of dispute, ASTM D2377 shall be used as a referee test. The exposure period in Section 7, Procedure, shall be the tack-free time requirement of this specification. Bond breakers: The bond breaker shall not stain or adhere to the sealant. Bond breakers shall be either a backer rod or tape identified and used in accordance with the following: 1. Backer Rods: Type L: A closed-cell expanded polyethylene foam backer rod. This backer rod may be used with Class A silicone only and is suitable for roadway and structure joints. Type M: A closed-cell polyolefin foam backer rod that has a closed-cell skin over an open-cell core. This backer rod may be used with all three types of sealants and is suitable for use in roadway and structure joints. Backer rods shall conform to the following requirements: Property Density Tensile strength Water absorption Test Procedures Physical Requirements ASTM D1622 ASTM D1623 ASTM C509 Min. 2.0 lb/ft3 Min. 25 psi Max. 0.5% by volume 171 212.02 2. Bond Breaking Tapes: Type N: Bond breaking tape shall be made from extruded polyethylene and shall have a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. Bond breaking tapes may be used with all three types of sealants but is suitable for structure joints only. Bond breaking tapes shall be not less than 0.005-inch thick. The manufacturer of the joint sealant shall furnish certified test results on each lot of sealant furnished to a project. The certified test results shall include all test results except the bond to concrete mortar and shore durometer hardness at 0 degrees F. Only those silicone sealants that appear on the latest approved products list published by the Department’s Materials Division will be permitted for use. Silicone sealants submitted for initial approval and conforming to the material requirements of this specification will not be approved until field evaluations are made. The material shall be installed in roadway or bridge joints and shall go through two winters without failure before being approved. After approval, the material will be placed on the Department’s approved products list. Even though a sealant or bond breaker has been evaluated and approved, failure to perform adequately in actual use will be just cause for rejection. (c) Preformed expansion joint filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M213. (d) Expanded rubber joint filler shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D1056. (e) Preformed neoprene (polychloroprene) seals shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D1056, Grade 2B3. (Modification requires that material be manufactured from neoprene.) (f) PVC and PE joint fillers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D1667. Grades VE43 BL to VE-45 BL shall be furnished. Adhesives for use with this material shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. (g) Sponge rubber joint filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M153, Type I. When used in conjunction with bridge bearings, the load required to compress the test specimen to 50 percent of its thickness before the test shall be not more than 100 pounds per square inch. (h) Gaskets for pipe shall conform to the following: Rubber gaskets for ductile iron pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C111; rubber gaskets for all other pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C443 and the ozone cracking resistance described in Section 237.02. Preformed plastic gaskets shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M198. Preformed plastic gaskets shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M198, Type B. 172 212.02 (i) Preformed elastomeric joint sealer shall be a vulcanized elastomeric compound in which noncrystallizing neoprene is used as the sole polymer. Sealer shall be resilient and resistant to heat, oil, and ozone. The seal shall conform to the following as evidenced by samples cut from the finished product: Test Procedures Property Tensile strength Physical Requirements ASTM D412 Elongation at break Hardness (durometer, Shore A) Tensile strength (change) After Oven aging (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Elongation (change) After Oven aging (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Hardness (points change) After Oven aging (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Ozone resistance (20% strain, 100 pphm in air, 300 hr at 104°F) (wipe with solvent to remove surface contamination) High-temperature recovery (72 hr at 212°F under 50% deflection) Low-temperature recovery (72 hr at 14°F under 50% deflection) Low-temperature recovery (22 hr at –20°F under 50% deflection) 2,000 psi min. ASTM D412 250% min. ASTM D2240 55 ± 5 ASTM D412 –40% max. ASTM D412 –40% max. ASTM D2240 +10% max. ASTM D1149 No cracks VTM-3 VTM-3 85% (no web adhesion or cracks) 87% VTM-3 82% When tested at a temperature of 70 ± 5 degrees F, the seal shall also conform to the following: Use Deflection Based on Nominal Width (%) Pressure (psi) 20 50 20 50 Min. 3 Max. 15 Min. 4 Max. 40 Pavement Structure After aging at 212 degrees F for 70 hours at 50 percent deflection, the seal shall conform to the following: Use Deflection Based on Nominal Width (%) Pressure (psi) 20 50 20 50 Min. 1.0 Max. 15 Min. 1.5 Max. 40 Pavement Structure 173 212.02 Lubricant adhesive shall be a one-component polyurethane compound with an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and shall conform to the requirements for physical properties of ASTM D4070. Lubricant for pavement seals shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2835. (j) Elastomeric Expansion Dam and Tooth Expansion Joint: The elastomeric sheet gland material shall be virgin ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or virgin polychloroprene. The elastomeric material shall have the following physical properties: Test Procedures Property Tensile strength Elongation at break Low-temperature brittleness Oil deterioration (no requirement for EPDM material), volume increase after 70-hr immersion in ASTM Oil No. 3 at 212°F Ozone resistance: exposure to 100 pphm ozone in air for 70 hr at 100°F under 20% strain Hardness, Durometer A Physical Requirements ASTM D412 ASTM D412 ASTM D746 ASTM D471 1,500 psi min. 175% min. Not brittle at –40°F 120% max. ASTM D1149 No cracks ASTM D2240 50–60 The elastomeric strip seal gland material shall be preformed, non-reinforced, polychloroprene and shall have the following properties. Test Procedures Property Tensile strength Elongation at break Hardness, Durometer A, points Tensile strength, loss after Oven aging, 70 hr at 212°F IAW ASTM D573 Elongation, loss after Oven aging, 70 hr at 212°F IAW ASTM D573 Hardness, Durometer A, points After Oven aging (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Oil swell, ASTM Oil No. 3, 70 hr at 212°F (100°C), weight change Ozone resistance, 20% strain, 300 pphm in air, 70 hr at 104°F (40°C) Low-temperature stiffening, 7 days at 14°F(10°C), hardness, Durometer A, points change 174 Physical Requirements ASTM D412 ASTM D412 ASTM D2240 (Modified)1,2 ASTM D412 2,000 psi min. 250% min. 60 ± 5 ASTM D412 20% max. ASTM D2240 (Modified)1,2 ASTM D471 0 to +10 ASTM D1149 (Modified)3 ASTM D2240 (Modified)1,2 20% max. 45% max. No cracks 0 to +15 212.02 Compression set, 70 hr at 212°F (100°C) ASTM D395 Method B 40% max. (Modified)1 The term modified relates to the specimen preparation. The use of the strip seal as the specimen source requires that more plies than specified in either modified test procedure be used. Such specimen modification shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and producer or supplier prior to testing. 2The hardness test shall be performed with the durometer in a durometer stand as specified in ASTM D2240. 3Test in accordance with ASTM D518, Procedure A. Ozone concentration is expressed in pphm. 1 1. Steel portion of expansion dam shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. 2. Deformed reinforcing steel bars shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 60. 3. Lubricant adhesive shall be a one-part moisture-curing polyurethane compound conforming to the requirements of ASTM D4070. 4. Fabric reinforcement shall be nonwicking woven polyester material. 5. Bolts, nuts, and washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A276, Type 304 Stainless Steel. 6. Flathead screws shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F 738, Type 304 Stainless Steel. 7. Stud anchors shall conform to the requirements of Section 226.02(d). 8. Special conditions such as doglegs, tees, and crosses in the elastomeric strip seal gland shall be shop fabricated in a mold under heat and pressure. (k) Pressure relief joint material shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D3204. (l) Waterstops shall conform to the following: 1. Metal: Sheet copper shall conform to the requirements of Section 230. 2. Nonmetallic Waterstops: Nonmetallic waterstops shall be manufactured from neoprene or PVC. Manufacturer’s shop splices shall be fully vulcanized. a. Neoprene waterstops shall be manufactured from a vulcanized elastomeric compound containing neoprene as the sole elastomer and shall conform to the following: 175 212.02 Test Procedures Property Tensile strength Elongation at break Ozone resistance (20% strain, 100 hr at 100 ± 2°F) Oil swell (ASTM No. 3 Oil, 70 hr at 212°F, volume change) ASTM D412 ASTM D412 ASTM D1149 (except 100 ± 20 pphm) ASTM D471 Physical Requirements Min. 2,000 psi Min. 300% No cracks Max. 80% After accelerated aging in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D573 for 70 hours at 212 degrees F, the elastomer shall not show a change in tensile strength of more than 15 percent or a change in the elongation at break of more than 40 percent. b. PVC waterstops shall be manufactured from PVC conforming to the U.S. Corps of Engineers Specification CRD-C 572 and shall conform to the ozone resistance as required for neoprene waterstops. A certificate certifying compliance with the performance requirements specified under paragraph 6 of CRD-C 572 shall be furnished with the test sample supplied. (m) Traffic loop sealant material shall be an epoxy-resin system, a polyester system, or rubberized asphalt designed specifically to conform to the physical properties for sealing traffic loop pavement cuts. The system shall bond to either hydraulic cement concrete or asphalt concrete, be unaffected by environmental conditions, and have a dielectric strength sufficient to allow the traffic loop to operate as intended. The viscosity of the mixture shall be such that the mixture is easily pourable into the saw slot and sufficiently flowable to encase the electrical wiring. 1. The epoxy-resin system shall be a two-component material conforming to the following based on the epoxy without sand, except for the cure time requirement: Property Test Procedures Pot life at 77°F Initial cure time at 77°F Hardness, Shore D Elongation Water absorption (24 hr) 3% NaCl absorption (24 hr) ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) Gasoline absorption (24 hr) ASTM C881, Para. 11.2 ASTM D2240 ASTM D638 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 Physical Requirements Min. 12 min Max. 60 min 25–65 Min. 50% Max. 0.5% Max. 0.5% Max. 0.1% Max. 1.0% The sand used in the epoxy-resin system shall conform to the following grading requirements: 176 213.02 Sieve No. % Passing 16 30 100 200 100 95 ± 5 Max. 10 Max. 3 2. The polyester system shall be a two-component material conforming to the following: Property Test Procedures Pot life at 77°F Initial cure time at 77°F Hardness, Shore D Elongation Water absorption (24 hr) 3% NaCl absorption (24 hr) ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) Gasoline absorption (24 hr) ASTM C881, Para. 11.2 ASTM D2240 ASTM D638 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 ASTM D570 Physical Requirements Min. 12 min Max. 45 min 25–65 Min. 15% Max. 0.2% Max. 0.2% Max. 0.02% Max. 0.8% 3. Rubberized asphalt (two-component) shall conform to the following: Property Test Procedures Pot life at 77°F Initial cure time at 77°F Hardness, Shore A Flow at 140°F (5 hr) Bond at 0°F (3 cycles) ASTM D2240 ASTM D1851 ASTM D1851 Water absorption (72 hr) ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) Physical Requirements Min. 25 min Max. 60 min Max. 20 No flow Min. 50% of original width Max. 0.1% Max. 0.1% SECTION 213—DAMP-PROOFING AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS 213.01—Description These specifications cover materials, generally asphalt based, that are intended to prevent or delay the passage of water, usually through a section of hydraulic cement concrete. 213.02—Detail Requirements (a) Asphalt shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D312 Type II and shall be free of asbestos. Primer shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M140, Types SS-1h, QS-1H, or AASHTO M208, Types CSS-1h, CQS-1h. 177 213.02 (b) Fabric shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M288. When cotton fabric is used, it shall be saturated with asphalt. Glass fiber shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D1668. (c) Joint sealers for horizontal joints shall be an asphalt cement, viscosity grade AC-40, conforming to the requirements of Section 210. Sealers for vertical joints shall have fiber added, 20 percent by weight. Fiber and asphalt shall be mixed by the manufacturer to ensure a uniform mixture. (d) Membrane shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D6153. SECTION 214—HYDRAULIC CEMENT 214.01—Description These specifications cover cements that harden when mixed with water. The various types have special characteristics to be used as denoted in other parts of these specifications. 214.02—Detail Requirements (a) Blended hydraulic cement shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M240, Type I(P) or Type I(S). (b) Portland cements shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M85 except as follows: 1. The SO3 content as specified in ASTM C150 will be permitted provided the supporting data specified in ASTM C150 are submitted to the Department for review and acceptance prior to use of the material. 2. Type I and Type II cement shall contain not more than 1.0 percent alkalies (% Na2O + % 0.658K20). 3. When Type II cement is used, a maximum of 65 percent C3S will be permitted provided the combined amount of C3S and C3A is not more than 73 percent. 4. When Type III modified cement is used, the C3A content of the cement shall be not more than 8 percent. 5. The SiO2 content shall be at least 20 percent. 178 215.03 SECTION 215—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE ADMIXTURES 215.01—Description These specifications cover materials that are chemical or organic elements that may be added to a concrete mixture, when permitted elsewhere in these specifications, to achieve some desired effect. 215.02—Materials (a) Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M154. (b) Water-reducing and retarding admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M194, Type D, and shall be free from water-soluble chlorides. Use of water-reducing and retarding admixtures that have not been tested for compatibility with the brand, type, source, and quantity of cement proposed for use will not be permitted until tests have been performed in accordance with the requirements of VTM-16 and the test results conform to the requirements of Table I therein. (c) Water-reducing admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M194, Type A, and shall be free from water-soluble chlorides. (d) Accelerating admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M194, Type C or E. (e) High-range water-reducing and high-range water-reducing and retarding admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M194, Type F or G, and shall be free from water-soluble chlorides. (f) Calcium chloride shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M144, Type 2. (g) Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Section 241.02(a). (h) Granulated iron blast-furnace slag shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C989, Grade 100 or 120. (i) Silica fume shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M307. (j) Corrosion inhibitor shall contain a minimum 30 percent solution of calcium nitrate or other approved material. 215.03—Detail Requirements Approved admixture(s) shall be used in concrete in the proportions recommended by the manufacturer to obtain the optimum effect where seasonal, atmospheric, or job conditions dictate its use. Only admixtures (a) through (e) that appear on the Department’s approved products list shall be used. Initial approval will be based on independent laboratory data submitted by the manufacturer. Follow179 215.03 ing initial approval of concrete admixtures, the manufacturer shall annually certify to the Engineer in writing that the material currently being furnished is identical in both composition and chemical concentrations with the material for which the laboratory tests were performed. If the Contractor proposes to use an admixture that differs in concentration from the acceptance sample, a certificate shall be required from the manufacturer stating that the chemical composition of the material is essentially the same as that of the approved mixture. When placing concrete by pumping is authorized, the use of pump-aid admixtures approved by the Department will be allowed provided they are used in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. SECTION 216—WATER FOR USE WITH CEMENT OR LIME 216.01—Description These specifications cover water for use in mixing with cement or lime. 216.02—Detail Requirements Water shall be clean, clear, and free from oil, acid, salt, alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious substances. Water that has been approved for drinking purposes may be accepted without testing for use in hydraulic cement concrete, cement, or lime stabilization. Water from other sources and pumping methods shall be approved by the Engineer before use. The acidity or alkalinity of water will be determined colorimetrically or electrometrically. Water shall have a pH between 4.5 and 8.5. When subjected to the mortar test in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T26, water shall produce a mortar having a compressive strength of at least 90 percent of a mortar of the same design using distilled water. Wash water from hydraulic cement concrete mixer operations will be permitted to be reused in the concrete mixture provided it is metered and is 25 percent or less of the total water. The total water shall conform to the acceptance criteria of ASTM C1602, Tables 1 and 2. A uniform amount of wash water shall be used in consecutive batches, with subsequent admixture rates adjusted accordingly to produce a workable concrete conforming to the requirements of the Specifications. SECTION 217—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE 217.01—Description These specifications cover materials, design criteria, and mixing and testing procedures for hydraulic cement concrete. 180 217.02 217.02—Materials Hydraulic cement concrete shall consist of hydraulic cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, and admixture(s) mixed in the approved proportions for the various classes of concrete by one of the methods designated hereinafter. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality control and condition of materials during handling, blending, and mixing operations and for the initial determination and necessary adjustments in the proportioning of materials used to produce the concrete. (a) Cementitious materials shall be a blend of mineral admixtures and portland cement or a blended cement. The portland cement or Type I(P) or Type 1(S) cement shall comply with the requirements of Section 214. Fly ash, granulated iron blast-furnace slag, or silica fume conforming to the requirements of Section 215 shall be used with the cement in a quantity sufficient to limit expansion to a maximum of 0.1 percent at 56 days when tested in accordance with ASTM C-441. If the level of expansion is low enough to permit the use of portland cement only, then the cement shall be Type II. As a portion of the cementitious material, the fly ash content shall be not more than 30 percent for Class F, the ground-granulated blast-furnace slag content shall be not more than 50 percent, and the silica fume content shall be not more than 10 percent. (b) Formulated latex modifier shall be a nontoxic, film-forming, polymeric emulsion of which 90 percent of the nonvolatiles are styrene butadiene polymers. It shall be homogeneous and uniform in composition and free from chlorides. Latex modifier shall conform to the chemical and physical properties specified hereinafter when tested in accordance with the requirements of FHWA’s Report No. RD-78-35. Initial approval of the modifier will be based on an analysis of the results of tests performed by an independent laboratory. After initial acceptance, material will be accepted upon certification subject to periodic testing. A copy of the initial test report shall be submitted to the Department and shall show the following chemical and physical properties: Property Value Butadiene content (%) Solids (%) pH Coagulum (%) Surface tension Particle size Mean Angstrom Median Angstrom Distribution 95% range Angstrom Freeze-thaw stability (% coagulum after 2 cycles) Concrete slump Concrete air content Time for 50% slump loss Concrete compressive strength (24 hr and 28 days) Compressive strength loss (28-42 days) Concrete flexural strength (24 hr and 28 days) Flexural strength loss (28-42 days) 181 30-40 46-53 8.5-12 Max. 0.10 Max. 50 dynes/cm 1,400-2,500 1,400-2,500 Unimodal Max. 2,000 Max. 0.10 Greater than standard Max. 9% ±25% standard Min. 75% standard Max. 20% Greater than standard Max. 25% 217.02 Property Value Bond strength/slant shear (% monolithic latex concrete cylinder) Deicer scaling (50 cycles) Median grading Worst rated Chloride permeability (95% absorbed) 1/16-1/2 in (% Cl-) 1/2-1 in (% Cl-) Min. 45 Max. 3 Below 5 Max. 0.320 Max. 0.064 Values for viscosity and density spectrographs of the solid portion and volatile portion shall be provided in the report. (c) Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of Section 202 for Grading A. (d) Coarse aggregate shall be stone, air-cooled blast-furnace slag, or gravel conforming to the requirements of Section 203 for the class of concrete being produced. (e) Water shall conform to the requirements of Section 216. (f) Admixtures shall conform to the requirements of Section 215. (g) White portland cement concrete shall conform to the requirements herein except as follows: 1. Cement shall be white portland cement conforming to the requirements of Section 214 for Type I portland cement except that it shall contain not more than 0.55 percent by weight of Fe2O3. 2. Fine aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, durable, uncoated particles of quartz composed of at least 95 percent silica; shall be free from lumps of clay, soft or flaky material, loam, organic material, or other deleterious material; and shall conform to the requirements of Section 202. It shall contain not more than 3 percent inorganic silt by actual dry weight when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T11. Stone sands that produce an acceptable white concrete may also be used. 3. Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone or crushed or uncrushed gravel conforming to the requirements of Section 203. (h) Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Section 241. (i) Granulated iron blast-furnace slag shall conform to the requirements of Section 215. (j) Concrete to which a high-range water reducer is to be added shall conform to the requirements of Table II–17. Concrete shall be mixed 70 to 100 revolutions at mixing speed. (k) Silica fume shall conform to the requirements of Section 215. 182 217.04 217.03—Handling and Storing Materials (a) Aggregate shall be kept separated by size until batched. Aggregates shall be clean and shall be maintained in at least a saturated, surface-dry condition. Fine aggregate that has been washed shall not be used within 24 hours after being placed in the stockpile or until surplus water has disappeared and the material has a consistent free moisture content. Stockpiles shall be located and constructed so that surplus water will drain from stockpiles and the batcher. (b) Cement that is reclaimed or that shows evidence of hydration, such as lumps or cakes, shall not be used. Loose cement shall be transported to the mixer either in tight compartments for each batch or between the fine and coarse aggregate. Cement in original shipping packages may be transported on top of the aggregates, with each batch containing the number of bags required. (c) Latex modifier shall be kept in enclosures that will protect it from exposure to temperatures below 40 degrees F or above 85 degrees F. Containers of latex modifier shall be protected from direct sunlight. (d) Admixtures shall be stored and handled so that contamination and deterioration will be prevented. Liquid admixtures shall not be used unless thoroughly agitated. Admixtures that are frozen or partially frozen shall not be used. (e) Aluminum forms, chutes, buckets, pump lines, and other conveying devices shall not be used if the aluminum comes in contact with concrete. 217.04—Measurement of Materials Measuring devices shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. (a) Stationary Production Plant: 1. Cement shall be measured by weight. Cement in standard packages of 94 pounds net per bag need not be weighed, but bulk cement and fractional packages shall be weighed within an accuracy of 1 percent. 2. Mixing water shall be measured by volume or weight. The water-measuring device shall be readily adjustable and capable of delivering the required amount. Under all operating conditions, the device shall have an accuracy of within 1 percent of the quantity of water required for the batch. 3. Aggregates shall be measured by weight within an accuracy of 2 percent. Fine and coarse aggregate shall be weighed separately. Prior to mixing concrete, the moisture content of aggregates shall be determined and proper allowance made for the water content. The moisture content shall be determined prior to the start of mixing and thereafter as changes occur in the condition of aggregates. The Contractor shall per183 217.04 form moisture determinations and tests for slump and air content and provide necessary testing equipment. 4. Admixtures shall be added within a limit of accuracy of 3 percent and dispensed to the mixing water by means of an approved, graduated, transparent, measuring device before they are introduced into the mixer. If a high-range water reducer is to be used, it shall be added in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. If more than one admixture is to be used, they shall be released into the mixing water in sequence rather than at the same instant. Once established, the sequence of dispensing admixtures shall not be altered. Admixtures shall be used in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer’s recommendations. However, when the amount of admixture required to give the specified results deviates appreciably from the manufacturer’s recommended dosage, use of the material shall be discontinued. (b) Mobile Production Plant: Aggregates, cement, and water shall be measured by weight or volume. If ingredients are measured by volume, the Contractor shall furnish, at his expense, approved scales and containers suitable for checking the calibration of the equipment’s measuring system. The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed in operating the equipment and calibrating the gages and gate openings. Mixing water shall be measured by a calibrated flow meter. The introduction of mixing water to the mixer shall be properly coordinated with the introduction of cement and aggregates. Ingredients shall be proportioned within the following tolerances, which are based on the volume/weight relationship established by calibration of the measuring devices: Ingredient Tolerance Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Admixtures Water 0 to +4% ±2% ±2% ±3% ±1% Tolerances will be applied to approved mixture design quantities. Means shall be provided whereby samples of the various ingredients can be taken from the feed prior to blending and mixing to test the calibration of the equipment. 217.05—Equipment Equipment and tools necessary for handling materials and performing all parts of the work shall be as approved by the Engineer. (a) Batching Equipment: Bins with separate compartments for fine aggregate and for each required size of coarse aggregate shall be provided in the batching plant. Bins for bulk cement shall be arranged so that cement is weighed on a scale separate from those used for other materials and in a hopper free and independent of hoppers used for weighing aggregates. The weighing hopper shall be properly sealed and vented to preclude dusting during operation. Each compartment shall be designed to discharge aggregate efficiently and freely into the weighing hopper. A means of control shall be provided so that material may be added slowly and shut off with precision. A port or other opening shall be provided to remove any 184 217.05 overrun of any of the several materials from the weighing hopper. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed to prevent accumulation of materials and to discharge fully. Scales used for weighing aggregates and cement shall be approved and sealed in accordance with the requirements of Section 109. At least ten 50-pound test weights shall be made available at each plant to verify the continued accuracy of the weighing equipment. Weights shall be calibrated by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services or other approved agencies when new and whenever there is visible evidence that they have been damaged. When beam scales are used, provision shall be made for indicating to the operator that the required load in the weighing hopper is being approached. The indicator shall indicate at least the last 200 pounds of load. Weighing and indicating devices shall be in full view of the operator while the hopper is charged, and the operator shall have convenient access to all controls. (b) Mixers and Agitators: Mixers may be stationary or truck mixers. Agitators may be truck mixers or truck agitators. Each mixer and agitator shall have a metal plate(s) attached in a prominent place by the manufacturer on which the following are marked: the various uses for which the equipment is designed, capacity of the drum or container in terms of the volume of mixed concrete, and speed of rotation of the mixing drum or blades. Each stationary mixer shall be equipped with an approved timing device that will not permit the batch to be discharged until the specified mixing time has elapsed. Each truck mixer shall be equipped with an approved counter by which the number of revolutions of the drum or blades may be readily verified. The mixer shall be capable of combining ingredients of concrete into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of discharging concrete with a satisfactory degree of uniformity. The agitator shall be capable of maintaining mixed concrete in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of discharging concrete within a satisfactory degree of uniformity. Mechanical details of the mixer or agitator, such as the water measuring and discharge apparatus, condition of the blades, speed of rotation of the drum, general mechanical condition of the unit, and cleanliness of the drum, shall be checked before use of the unit is permitted. Upon request by the Engineer, consistency tests of individual samples at approximately the beginning, midpoint, and end of the load shall be conducted. If consistency measurements vary by more than 2 inches for slump between high and low values, the mixer or agitator shall not be used until the condition is corrected. (c) Mobile Production Plants: The Contractor may produce Class A3 general use hydraulic cement concrete for incidental construction items from a mobile production plant. Mobile production plants will not be permitted to produce concrete used in bridges, except overlays; box culverts; pavements, except patching; or retaining walls. If the Contractor elects to use a mobile production plant as permitted, the equipment requirements specified hereinbefore will not apply and the concrete shall be mixed at the point of delivery by a combination materials transport and mixer unit conforming to the following: 1. The unit shall be capable of carrying ingredients needed for concrete production in separate compartments and of mixing ingredients at the point of delivery. The unit shall be equipped with calibrated proportioning devices to vary mixture proportions of 185 217.05 dry ingredients and water. The unit shall be capable of changing the slump at any interval of continuous discharge of concrete. 2. The mixing mechanism shall be a part of the transportation unit carrying dry ingredients. The mixer may be any type capable of combining ingredients of concrete into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of discharging concrete with a satisfactory degree of uniformity within the specified time of mixing. 3. Each unit shall have a metal plate(s) attached in a prominent place by the manufacturer on which the following are plainly marked: the gross volume of the transportation unit in terms of mixed concrete, discharge speed, and weight-calibrated constant of the machine in terms of an indicator revolution counter. 4. During discharge, the consistency, determined by the slump cone method (ASTM C143), of representative samples taken from the discharge of the mixer at random intervals shall not vary by more than 1 inch. 217.06—Classification of Concrete Mixtures Classes and uses of concrete are specified in Table II–17. 217.07—Proportioning Concrete Mixtures The Contractor is responsible for having a Certified Concrete Batcher or a Certified Concrete Plant Technician present during batching operations; a Certified Concrete Field Technician shall be present during placing operations. A Certified Concrete Plant Technician is that person who is capable of performing adjustments to the proportioning of materials used to produce the specified concrete should adjustments become necessary. A Certified Concrete Batcher is that person who actually performs the batching operation. He shall never initiate adjustment and will be permitted to implement adjustment only at the direction of the Certified Concrete Plant Technician unless his certification has this special authorization. A Certified Concrete Field Technician is that person who is responsible for quality control of concrete work at the project site. The Contractor shall have at least one Certified Concrete Field Technician on the project for single or multiple incidental concrete placements. The Contractor shall have at least one Certified Concrete Field Technician present at each site during the placement of pavements, bridge decks, bridge piers and abutments, box culverts, and any placement of 50 or more cubic yards. The Certified Concrete Field Technician shall provide control over methods used for discharging, conveying, spreading, consolidating, screeding, finishing, texturing, curing, and protecting the concrete. Deficiencies in conformance to specification requirements and good concreting practices shall be corrected as soon as they begin to occur. The concrete producer shall plan batching operations so that delays do not occur because of the absence of certified personnel. 186 217.07 Concrete shall be proportioned to secure the strength and durability required for the pavement or the part of the structure in which it is to be used. Prior to mixing concrete, the Contractor shall submit, or shall have his supplier submit, for approval concrete mixture design(s) conforming to the specifications for the class of concrete specified. The Contractor shall furnish and incorporate an approved water-reducing and retarding admixture in bridge deck concrete and in other concrete when conditions are such that the initial set may occur prior to completion of approved finishing operations. An approved water-reducing admixture shall be furnished and incorporated in concrete when necessary to provide the required slump without exceeding the maximum water/cement ratio and shall be used in bridge deck concrete when the requirement for a water-reducing and retarding admixture is waived by the Engineer. The Contractor shall demonstrate that use of the admixture will not cause segregation. The two admixtures shall not be used together in the same concrete batch unless tests indicate the admixtures are compatible in accordance with the requirements of Section 215.02(b). Costs for admixture(s) shall be included in the contract unit price for the respective concrete item. Concrete shall be air entrained. The air content shall conform to the requirements of Table II–17. 187 188 57 or 68 57 57 7 57 57 57 57 57 57 7 or 8 7 or 8 5,000 4,500 4,000 4,000 3,500 3,000 3,000 2,200 1,500 3,000 3,500 5,000 1 1 1/2 1/2 1 1 1/2 1 1 1 1 1 B A A A A A A A A A B A 423 635 658 6585 635 635 635 588 588 564 494 635 0.71 0.49 0.40 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.58 0.40 0-3 3-6 4-6 4-7 2-4 2-4 2-5 1-5 1-5 0-3 0-4 0-4 4±2 4±2 5±2 6±2 6 1/2 ± 1 1/2 6 1/2 ± 1 1/2 7±2 6±2 6±2 6±2 4±2 4 1/2 ± 1 1/2 Design Min. Laboratory Compressive Nominal Max. Min. Cement Max. Water Strength at 28 Aggregate Aggregate Min. Grade Content (lb water/lb Consistency Air Content Days (f’c) (psi) Size No. Size (in) Aggregate (lb/yd3) cement) (in of slump) (%)1 Note: The Contractor may substitute a higher class of concrete for that specified at his expense. 2 1 When a high-range water reducer is used, the upper limit for entrained air may be increased by 1% and the slump shall not exceed 7 inches. When Class A5 concrete is used as the finished bridge deck riding surface, or when it is to be covered with asphalt concrete with or without waterproofing, the air content shall be 5 1/2 ±1 1/2%. 3When necessary for ease in placement, aggregate No. 7 shall be used in concrete posts, rails, and other thin sections above the top of bridge deck slabs. 4The latex modifier content shall be 3.5 gallons per bag of cement. Slump shall be measured approximately 4 1/2 minutes after discharge from the mixer. 5Minimum 7% silica fume replacement by weight of the total cementitious material. Prestressed and other special designs2 A4.5 General A4 General A4 Posts and rails3 A3.5 General A3 General A3 Paving B2 Massive or lightly reinforced C1 Massive unreinforced T3 Tremie seal Latex hydraulic cement concrete4 Silica fume concrete A5 Class of Concrete TABLE II–17 Requirements for Hydraulic Cement Concrete 217.07 217.08 Except for latex hydraulic cement concrete, the quantities of fine and coarse aggregates necessary to conform to these specifications with regard to consistency and workability shall be determined by the method described in ACI 211.2 or ACI 211.1 except that proportions shall be computed on the absolute volume basis and the 10 percent adjustment allowed in Table 5.3.6 will not be permitted. The actual quantities used, as determined by the methods described herein, shall not deviate more than ±5 percent from such quantities. For latex hydraulic cement content, the dry weight ratio of cement/fine aggregate/coarse aggregate shall be 1:2.5:2. A maximum adjustment of 10 percent may be made in aggregate weights, as approved by the Engineer, to compensate for grading changes and variable specific gravity. Batch quantities shall be adjusted during the course of the work to compensate for changes in workability caused by differences in characteristics of aggregates and cements within the specification requirements. Such adjustments shall be made only by the Contractor and shall not change the yield. If concrete cannot be obtained with the required workability or consistency or with the maximum design water content with the materials furnished, the Contractor shall make changes to secure the desired properties subject to the limiting requirements specified in Table II–17 and the approval of the Engineer. When the void content of the fine aggregate is more than 50.5 percent and the concrete does not have the desired properties, the Contractor shall use a fine aggregate having a void content of less than 50.5 percent. In lieu of changing the fine aggregate, the Contractor may take one or more of the following actions: (a) Use an approved water-reducing admixture. (b) Increase the cement content. (c) Change the source of coarse aggregate. (d) In hot weather, add ice or otherwise reduce the temperature to increase the workability. (e) Submit other recommendations to the Engineer for approval. However, when any of the options is exercised, the Contractor shall make trial batches under the observation of the Engineer to verify that concrete of the required workability and consistency is obtained within the specified water content. At least one trial batch shall be made with the concrete temperature at approximately 90 degrees F to verify that the concrete mixture has sufficient workability and consistency without exceeding the specified water content. When the fineness modulus of the fine aggregate changes more than 0.2 from the original design and the concrete does not have the desired properties, the concrete mixture shall be redesigned. Costs incurred because of adjustments of concrete mixture design(s) and for trial batches shall be borne by the Contractor, and no additional compensation will be made. 217.08—Acceptance (a) Air and Consistency Tests: Air and consistency tests will be performed by the Department prior to discharge of concrete into forms to ensure that specification requirements are consistently being complied with for each class of concrete. The sample secured for the tests will be taken after at least 2 cubic feet of concrete has been discharged from the delivery vehicle. The Contractor shall provide a receptacle conforming to the requirements of ASTM 189 217.08 C31, Section 5.9, for the Department’s use in obtaining its sample. If either determination yields a result that is outside the allowable range for air content or consistency, the following procedures will be used: 1. The Engineer will immediately perform a recheck determination. If the results confirm the original test results, the load will be rejected. 2. The Contractor’s representative will be immediately informed of the test results. 3. The Contractor’s representative shall notify the producer of the test results through a pre-established means of communication. The Engineer may perform any additional tests deemed necessary and reject all remaining material that fails the tests. Entrained air content will be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C231 or ASTM C173. Acceptance or rejection will be based on the results obtained from these tests. In general, a mixture that contains the minimum amount of water consistent with the required workability shall be used. Consistency will be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C143. Adding cement to loads previously rejected for excessive water content or consistency will not be permitted. (b) Strength Tests: The 28-day strengths specified in Table II–17 are the strengths used in the design calculations. The Engineer will verify design strengths by tests made during the progress of the work in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C39, ASTM C31, or ASTM C42. If the test results do not conform to the strength requirements specified in Table II–17, immediate steps shall be taken to adjust the design mixture and an investigation will be initiated to determine the acceptability of the concrete. The Contractor shall provide a storage chamber at his expense for temporary storage of the Department’s concrete cylinders. The chamber shall be designed to maintain test cylinders in a continuously moist condition within a temperature range of 60 degrees F to 80 degrees F and shall be equipped with a maximum/minimum thermometer. The chamber shall be located near the concrete placement site in an area where test cylinders will not be subject to vibration and shall be of sufficient size or number to store, without crowding or wedging, the required number of test cylinders as determined by the Contractor based on his plan of operations. When use of high-early-strength hydraulic cement concrete is required, it shall conform to the requirements specified in Table II–17 except that the 28-day strength shall be obtained in 7 days. Up to 800 pounds per cubic yard of Type I or Type II cement may be used to produce high-early-strength concrete in lieu of using Type III modified cement. 217.09—Mixing The method of mixing shall be approved by the Engineer prior to the start of concrete work. 190 217.09 The volume of concrete mixed per batch shall be at least 15 but not more than 110 percent of the mixer’s rated capacity. Concrete that becomes nonplastic, unworkable, or outside the limits of the slump specified shall not be used. Retempered concrete shall not be used. Concrete delivery shall be regulated so that placement is at a continuous rate. Intervals between deliveries of batches shall not be so great as to allow concrete in place to begin initial set. (a) Mixing at Job Site: Concrete shall be mixed in a batch mixer designed to ensure a uniform distribution of materials throughout the mass. When bag cement is used, batches shall be proportioned on the basis of integral bags of cement. Mixing shall be performed in accordance with the requirements (b)3 herein. Upon the cessation of mixing for more than 30 minutes, the mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned. (b) Ready-Mixed Concrete: Ready-mixed concrete shall be delivered to the designated point ready for use. Each load of transit or shrink-mixed concrete shall be accompanied by Form TL-28 issued by the batcher or technician. The form shall be delivered to the Inspector at the site of the work. Loads that do not carry such information or that do not arrive in satisfactory condition shall not be used. Upon cessation of mixing for more than 30 minutes, the mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned. Each batch of concrete shall be delivered to the site of work and discharged within the allotted time. The allotted time will begin the instant the cement is introduced into the mixture. Times given for retarded concrete are provided to accommodate the physical limitations of a formed section or scattered locations of small increment placements and shall not be used to accommodate slow and noncontinuous placements caused by poor planning or scheduling, inadequate equipment or personnel, or excessive haul distances. Maximum Time Between Introduction of Cement to Mix and Completion of Discharge Concrete Temperature Equipment Agitator Type Haul Equipment Retarded Unretarded Nonagitator Type Haul Equipment All Concrete Up to 80°F 80 through 90°F Above 90°F 2 1/2 hr 1 1/2 hr 2 hr 1 1/4 hr 1 1/2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 3/4 hr 1/2 hr Mixing and delivery shall be in accordance with the following: 1. Transit mixing: Concrete shall be mixed in a truck mixer. Mixing shall begin immediately after all ingredients are in the mixer and shall continue for at least 70 but not more than 125 revolutions of the drum or blades at the rate of at least 14 but not more than 20 revolutions per minute. 191 217.09 Additional rotations of the drum or blades shall be at the rated agitating speed. The mixer shall be operated within the capacity and speed of rotation designed by the manufacturer. 2. Shrink mixing: Materials, including water, shall be partially mixed in a stationary mixer for at least 30 seconds. Mixing shall be completed in a truck mixer with at least 60 but not more than 100 revolutions of the drum or blades at the rated mixing speed. Additional rotations of the drum or blades shall be at the rated agitating speed. Mixers shall be operated within the capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufacturer of the equipment. 3. Central mixing: Concrete shall be completely mixed in a stationary mixer and transported in the agitator equipment to the point of delivery. Use of nonagitator equipment will be approved only when the plant is in the immediate vicinity of the project. Mixing time for mixers having a capacity of 1 cubic yard or less shall be at least 60 seconds. Mixing time for mixers having a capacity of more than 1 but less than 10 cubic yards shall be at least 75 seconds. Mixing times for mixers having a capacity of more than 10 cubic yards shall be as determined by the Engineer. Performance tests shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of VTM-17 by an approved commercial laboratory at the Contractor’s expense. Lesser times will be approved if the requirements of VTM-17 are conformed to. In any event, mixing time shall be not less than 40 seconds. The requirements of VTM-17 shall not be construed as a nullification of the requirements of Table II–17. If subsequent evaluation check tests indicate that the reduced mixing time is not satisfactory, the Contractor shall reestablish the necessary mixing time. Concrete mixed for less than the specified time will be rejected. Mixing time starts when solid materials are in the mixing compartment and ends when any part of the concrete begins to discharge. The mixer shall be operated at the drum speed specified on the nameplate of the approved mixer. Bodies of nonagitating equipment used to transport concrete shall be smooth, mortar tight, non-aluminum metal containers capable of discharging concrete at a controlled rate without segregation. Upon discharge of concrete, the body of the equipment shall be free from concrete. Concrete shall be delivered to the work site in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass. Upon the request of the Engineer, consistency tests of individual samples at approximately the beginning, midpoint, and end of the load shall be conducted. If consistency measurements vary by more than 2 inches for slump between high and low values, mixer or agitator equipment shall be used in lieu of nonagitating equipment. (c) Automatic Mobile Continuous Mixers: Mobile continuous mixers shall be calibrated to proportion the mixture accurately and shall have been certified within 60 days prior to use on the project for the type of material specified. Certifications will be valid for 6 months or until the source of materials changes or the grading or moisture changes significantly so as to affect the consistency of the concrete. Evaluation and certification will be performed by the Department or an approved testing agency to determine that the true yield is within a 192 218.01 tolerance of ±1.0 percent. A recording meter, visible at all times and equipped with a ticket printout, shall indicate the calibrated measurement. (d) Hand Mixing: Hand mixing will be permitted only in case of emergency and with permission. Batches shall be not more than 1/2 cubic yard and shall be mixed in a watertight container in a manner approved by the Engineer. Ingredients shall be measured by placing them in any suitable, rigid container in the volumetric proportions of 1 part cement to 2 parts fine aggregate to 2 1/2 parts coarse aggregate. The container shall be filled and leveled with each ingredient to ensure the proportions specified as nearly as possible. Water shall be added to produce a slump of not more than 3 inches. 217.10—Placement Limitations The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of concrete placed in any weather or atmospheric condition. At the time of placement, concrete shall have a temperature in accordance with the following: (a) Class A3 general use concrete used in the construction of incidental items specified in Division V, except retaining walls, shall have a temperature of at least 40 degrees F but not more than 95 degrees F. (b) Class A3 paving concrete placed by the slipform method and containing an approved water reducer shall have a temperature of at least 40 degrees F but not more than 95 degrees F. (c) Concrete used in the construction of bridge decks shall have a temperature of at least 40 degrees F but not more than 85 degrees F. (d) Retaining walls and other concrete not specified in (a), (b), or (c) herein shall have a temperature of at least 40 degrees F but not more than 90 degrees F. In cold weather, water and aggregates may be heated to not more than 150 degrees F to maintain concrete at the required temperature. The heating apparatus shall be such that materials will be heated uniformly and the possibility of the occurrence of overheated areas that might damage materials will be precluded. Steam shall not come in contact with aggregates. Cement shall not be heated. Heating equipment or methods that alter or prevent entrainment of the required amount of air in concrete shall not be used. Materials containing frost, lumps, crusts, or hardened material shall not be used. In hot weather, aggregates or the mixing water shall be cooled as necessary to maintain the temperature of the concrete within the specified maximum. SECTION 218—HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR AND GROUT 218.01—Description These specifications cover hydraulic cement mortar and grout used in bonding units together, filling voids, and making surface repairs. 193 218.02 218.02—Materials (a) Hydraulic cement shall conform to the requirements of Section 214. (b) Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of Section 202. (c) Water shall conform to the requirements of Section 216. (d) Admixtures shall conform to the requirements of Section 215. 218.03—Detail Requirements Hydraulic cement mortar and grout shall consist of a mixture of hydraulic cement, fine aggregate, water, and admixtures as specified herein. Hydraulic cement mortar and grout shall contain from 3 to 7 percent entrained air. Air-entrained hydraulic cement may be used. Hydraulic cement mortar and grout shall be mixed with the minimum amount of water necessary to obtain the required consistency. (a) Hydraulic cement mortar shall consist of 1 part hydraulic cement, 2 1/2 parts fine aggregate by weight, and sufficient water to produce a stiff mixture. Grading C fine aggregate shall be used. (b) Nonshrink mortar shall consist of 1 part hydraulic cement, 2 parts fine aggregate by weight, a set retarder or other admixture that will reduce the amount of required mixing water, and sufficient water to produce a stiff mixture. Grading C fine aggregate shall be used. (c) Hydraulic cement grout shall consist of 1 part hydraulic cement, 2 parts fine aggregate by weight, and sufficient water to produce a free-flowing mixture. Grading A or C fine aggregate shall be used. (d) High-strength grout and mortar shall consist of a prepackaged, nonshrink hydraulic cement mixture conforming to the requirements of ASTM C1107 modified by the following: the grout/mortar shall develop a 7-day compressive strength of at least 4,000 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C109 and a 7-day bond strength of at least 1,000 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-41, except that epoxy shall not be used to develop the bond. SECTION 219—RIGHT-OF-WAY MONUMENTS 219.01—Description These specifications cover concrete and metal markers used to designate right-of-way boundaries. 194 220.02 219.02—Detail Requirements Right-of-way monuments shall be manufactured from reinforced concrete or metal conforming to the dimensions shown on the standard drawings and in accordance with these specifications. (a) Concrete Monuments: Concrete shall be Class A3 conforming to the requirements of Section 217 except that the use of Type I cement and a change in the aggregate size will be permitted. Steel reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of Section 223 and shall be placed as shown on the standard drawings. Monuments shall be cast in one piece with smooth and uniform surfaces. Monuments shall withstand a cracking load of at least 4,000 pounds and a destruction load of 5,000 pounds when tested transversely on a 24-inch span and shall have an absorption value of not more than 10 percent. Tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T177. (b) Metal Monuments: Material for steel pins shall conform to the requirements of Section 223. Material for locator posts shall conform to the requirements of Section 226 or Section 229. Steel posts or pins shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A123. SECTION 220—CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS 220.01—Description These specifications cover materials used to maintain the humidity and temperature of freshly placed concrete to ensure satisfactory hydration and proper hardening of the concrete. 220.02—Detail Requirements Concrete curing materials shall consist of waterproof paper, polyethylene (PE) film, a combination of burlap and PE film, liquid membrane-forming compound, or water. Concrete curing materials shall be free from impurities that may be detrimental to the surface of concrete. (a) Waterproof paper shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M171. One side shall be composed of white, light-reflecting paper. (b) PE film shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M171 except that its nominal thickness shall be 3.0 mils. The thickness at any point shall be at least 2.5 mils. (c) Burlap and PE film may be used in combination. They shall be bonded securely so that they cannot be easily separated in a dry or saturated condition. White PE film shall conform 195 220.02 to the reflectance requirements of AASHTO M171. Burlap shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M182, Class 3. The combination product shall have a total weight of 11 ounces per square yard with 11 threads of burlap per inch. (d) Liquid membrane-forming compounds shall be used on concrete masonry except bridge substructure elements. Fugitive dye compounds shall be used on bridge substructure elements. The Contractor shall remove liquid membrane-forming compound from concrete surfaces to which a bonding compound, joint sealer, or waterproofing material is to be applied. Liquid membrane-forming compounds will be tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-2 and shall conform to the following: 1. Liquid membrane-forming compounds shall contain an easily dispersed opaque, white, finely ground pigment or a fugitive dye. They shall not react with the components of concrete and shall not contain oils, waxes, or other materials that would prevent bonding of traffic paints. The resulting film shall be continuous, uniform, and free from pinholes, bubbles, or blisters and shall not darken the hardened concrete. The dye shall have sufficient color to be distinctly visible for at least 30 minutes after application and to disappear within 7 days. 2. The membrane shall not peel. It shall disappear by gradual disintegration from exposure to the elements over a period of at least 30 days but not more than 1 year. Within 60 days after application, the membrane shall be capable of being readily removed by means of steel wire brushes or another abrasive that will not damage the concrete surface. 3. When applied by pressure spray to a troweled, vertical, damp concrete surface at the rate specified, material shall adhere to the surface in a continuous, tenacious film without running off or sagging appreciably. 4. Shipping containers shall identify the trade name of the material and a lot or batch number except for small, locally repackaged containers bearing the Department’s seal. 5. The average moisture loss at 24 hours shall be not more than 0.20 kilograms per square meter of exposed surface. At 72 hours, it shall be not more than 0.30 kilograms per square meter. 6. When applied to the test specimen, white pigmented material shall have a daylight reflectance of at least 60 percent of that of magnesium oxide. (e) Water used for curing concrete shall be clean, clear, and free from oil and other deleterious substances and shall have a pH of at least 4.5. 196 221.02 SECTION 221—GUARDRAIL 221.01—Description These specifications cover material requirements for components of guardrail systems. 221.02—Detail Requirements Guardrail shall consist of rail or cable elements and fastenings fabricated to develop continuous beam or cable strength when installed. (a) Steel beam guardrail shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M180, Class A, Type 1. Where guardrail is to be constructed on curves that have a radius of 150 feet or less, rail elements shall be shop curved to the proper radius, with the roadside of the rail either concave or convex as required. (b) Wire rope (cable) shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M30, Type I, Class A. (c) Brackets, turnbuckles, compensating assemblies, and attachment hardware shall be of sufficient design and section to develop the full strength of the cable guardrail and shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A153. The spring compensating device shall have a spring constant of 450 ± 50 pounds and shall permit a travel of 6 ± 1 inches. (d) Concrete for precast reinforced concrete posts shall conform to the requirements of Section 217 for Class A3 except that Type I cement and a smaller size of aggregate may be used. (e) Steel posts shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M111. 1. Structural rolled shapes shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. 2. Sheet steel for fabricated shapes shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A570, Grade 36. 3. Weld-fabricated shapes shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A769. (f) Wood posts shall conform to the requirements of Section 236 and shall be pressure treated. (g) Anchor bolts shall conform to the requirements of Section 226.02(c) for high-strength bolts. (h) Offset block shall conform to either of the following: 1. Offset block shall be made of wood conforming to the requirements of Section 236 that is pressure treated; or 197 221.02 2. Offset blocks shall be made from a minimum of 40 percent recycled plastic waste. Such plastic shall be accumulated from post-consumer and post-industry waste. The material for these blocks shall have a minimum specific gravity of 0.950. The minimum compressive strength of these blocks in the lateral dimension shall be 1,600 pounds per square inch. The maximum water absorption allowed over the theoretical lifetime of the block shall not exceed 5 percent by weight when tested in accordance with ASTM D1037. Block attachment shall be in accordance with the standard drawings for wooden posts, standard GR-2, 2A W-Beam guardrail. The size tolerance in the direction of the bolt hole shall not be more than 1/4 inch. The blocks shall present a neat appearance and have plane surfaces. The blocks shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances listed on the standard drawings. The manufacturer of the recycled plastic blocks shall provide independent test results showing that the material complies with the velocity, acceleration, and post-impact trajectory requirements of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The manufacturer shall also certify that the material components of the completed blocks are resistant to the subterranean termites during its theoretical lifetime when tested in accordance with ASTM D3345. The theoretical lifetime is considered to be at least 20 years. SECTION 222—MASONRY UNITS 222.01—Description These specifications cover masonry units manufactured of regular or lightweight concrete or brick made from clay or shale in a plant specifically designed for such a purpose. 222.02—Detail Requirements (a) Wall Units: 1. Hollow load-bearing units shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C90, Grade N-I. 2. Hollow non-load bearing units shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C129, Type I. 3. Solid load-bearing units shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C145, Grade NI. 4. Building bricks shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M114, Grade SW, or ASTM C55, Grade N-I. (b) Catch Basins and Manholes: 198 223.02 1. Masonry blocks shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C139. 2. Bricks shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M91, Grade MS, or ASTM C55, Grade N-I. (c) Sewer Brick: Sewer brick shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M91, Grade SM. SECTION 223—STEEL REINFORCEMENT 223.01—Description These specifications cover steel items designed to give added flexural strength to hydraulic cement concrete or to control and reduce cracking. 223.02—Detail Requirements (a) Reinforcement: 1. Deformed bars shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 40 or 60. 2. Plain bars shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 40 or 60, deformation waived. When used as a dowel, material may be a plain bar conforming to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 40 or 60, or a plain dowel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. 3. Welded wire fabric shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A185. When used in continuously reinforced pavement, wire fabric shall be deformed and furnished in flat sheets and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A497, high yield of 70,000 pounds per square inch. 4. Longitudinal bars for continuous reinforced concrete pavement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 60. 5. Structural steel shall conform to the requirements of Section 226. 6. Bar mats shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A184. 7. Spiral wire shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M32 or ASTM A82. 8. Wire mesh for use in gabions shall be made of galvanized steel wire at least 0.105 inch, 12 gage, in diameter. The tensile strength of the wire shall be at least 60,000 pounds per square inch. Wire mesh shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A641, Class 3. When PVC coating is specified, it shall be at least 0.015 inch in thickness and shall be black. Wire shall be welded to form rectangular openings or twisted to form hexagonal openings of uniform size. The linear dimension of the openings shall be not more than 4 1/2 199 223.02 inches. The area of the opening shall be not more than 9 square inches. The unit shall be nonraveling. Nonraveling is defined as the ability to resist pulling apart at any of the twists or connections forming the mesh when a single wire strand in a section is cut. (b) Prestressing Tendons: Seven-wire stress-relieved strands, stress-relieved wire, and low-relaxation strands shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A416, Grade 270; ASTM A421; and ASTM A416, Supplement I, respectively, with the following modifications: 1. Strands or wires used in units of any one-bed layout shall be manufactured by the same plant. 2. A manufacturer’s certification and load-elongation curve in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A416 or ASTM A421 shall be obtained by the prestressed concrete fabricator for each lot of strand. The data shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval in permanent record form. (c) Reinforcing Steel to Be Epoxy Coated: Steel shall conform to the requirements herein and shall be coated in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M284. 1. Plants that epoxy coat reinforcing steel shall be CRSI certified for epoxy coating. CRSI inspection reports shall be on file at the plant and shall be available to the Engineer. 2. Handling and storage of the coated bars shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M284. 3. Visible damage to the epoxy coating shall be patched or repaired with materials compatible with the existing coating in accordance with AASHTO M284. (d) Reinforcing Steel to Be Galvanized: Steel shall conform to the requirements herein and shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A767. SECTION 224—CASTINGS 224.01—Description These specifications cover items cast from metal to a specific design in a manufacturing plant. 224.02—Materials (a) Malleable castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A47, Grade 32510. (b) Gray iron castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A48, Class 30S. (c) Ductile iron castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A536, Grade 60-40-18. (d) Steel castings shall conform to the following: 200 226.02 1. Carbon steel shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A27, Grade 65-35. 2. Chromium alloy steel shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A296, Grade CA15. (e) Steel castings for bridges shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A486, Class 70, or ASTM A27, Grade 70-36. 224.03—Detail Requirements Tolerances, workmanship, and strength requirements for castings shall conform to the requirements of FS RR-F-621 Strength tests shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer. When the alternate load test is used, test bars shall be fully identifiable with regard to the casting lot. SECTION 225—STEEL FORGINGS AND STEEL SHAFTING 225.01—Description These specifications cover steel items specifically designed for a particular bridge structure and generally used where movement of a part of the structure is involved. 225.02—Detail Requirements (a) Steel forgings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A668, Class D, for use with structural carbon steel and Class F for use with high-strength low-alloy steel. (b) Steel shafting shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A108, Grades 1016 through 1030. SECTION 226—STRUCTURAL STEEL 226.01—Description These specifications cover steel structural shapes furnished to specific dimensions and associated hardware and fasteners. 226.02—Detail Requirements (a) Bridge Structural Steel: Structural steel for bridge shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A709 for the grade specified except that stud shear connectors shall conform to the requirements of (e) herein. Steel for tensile flanges and webs of plate girders, rolled beams, cover and splice plates, and any other components designated as main load-carrying compo201 226.02 nents subject to tensile stress shall conform to the supplemental requirements of ASTM A709 for the Charpy V-Notch tests for Zone Two. Fracture-critical bridge steel members designated on the plans shall conform to the requirements of the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Fracture Critical Non-Redundant Steel Bridge Members. One copy of the mill analysis for bridge steel shall be submitted to the Engineer. (b) Other Structural Steel: Unless otherwise specified, steel for other structural members including H-piles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. One copy of the mill analysis shall accompany steel piles shipped to the project site. Three copies of the mill analysis for structural steel members shall be submitted to the Engineer. (c) Anchor Bolts: 1. Anchor bolts for general use shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M314, Grade 36. Nuts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A563, and washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F844. Threads shall be coarse series. 2. High-strength anchor bolts shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M314, Grade 55, with supplemental requirements of S1. Nuts and washers shall conform to the requirements of (h) herein. 3. Galvanization of steel anchor bolts, nuts, and washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A153. 4. Anchor bolts for railings shall conform to the requirements of (c)1. herein and shall be hot-dipped galvanized (d) Stud Shear Connectors: These shall conform to the requirements of AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code or AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code as applicable. Stud shear connectors that conform to these requirements and are on the Department’s approved list may be used without further testing. (e) Steel for Structural Supports for Light Poles and Traffic Control Devices: Steel shall be suitable for the design requirements and shall conform to the following: Characteristic Value Min. yield strength Min. tensile strength Min. elongation (in 8 inches) Min. elongation (in 2 inches) Carbon equivalent (as determined by AWS D1.1/D1.5) 36,000 psi 58,000 psi 18% 20% Max. 0.45% Charpy V-notch values of 25 foot pounds at 10 degrees F may be substituted for elongation requirements. Tubing conforming to the requirements of ASTM A500 shall have Charpy Vnotch values of 25 foot pounds at 10 degrees F. 202 226.02 Steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 50W, shall not be used unless specified. (f) Steel for Timber Connectors: Steel shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A711 or AISI No. 1015. (g) Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: Bolts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A307 except where high-strength or other special types of bolts are required. Nuts for bolts conforming to the requirements of A307 shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A563, and washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F844. Lock washers shall conform to the requirements of ANSI B18.21.1. (h) High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, Washers, and Direct Tension Indicators: These items shall conform to the requirements of the following ASTM specifications: High-Strength Bolts ASTM A325, Type 1 ASTM A325, Type 3 ASTM A325, Galvanized ASTM A490, Types 1 or 2 ASTM A490, Type 3 Nuts for Use with HighStrength Bolts, Heavy Hex ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM A194, Grade 2H ASTM A563, Grade DH3 ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM A194, Grade 2H ASTM A563, Grade DH3 Washers (Hardened) Direct Tension Indicators ASTM F436 ASTM F959 ASTM F436 ASTM F436 ASTM F436 ASTM F959 ASTM F959 ASTM F9599 ASTM F436 ASTM F959 1. Bolts, nuts, and washers conforming to the requirements of ASTM A490 shall be plain (uncoated), and bolts, nuts, and washers conforming to the requirements of ASTM A325, Type 1, shall be galvanized. High-strength bolts used with unpainted weathering steel shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A325, Type 3, or, when specified, ASTM A490, Type 3. 2. The maximum hardness for bolts conforming to the requirements of ASTM A325 shall be 33Rc. The maximum tensile strength for such bolts shall be 150 kips per square inch for bolts 1 inch or less in diameter and 120 kips per square inch for larger bolts. 3. High-strength fasteners (plain and coated) shall be subjected to a rotational-capacity test similar to the supplementary requirements of ASTM A325 and ASTM A490 and as modified by the following: a. Washers shall be used in the rotational-capacity test even though they may not be specified for use. Each combination of a bolt production lot, a nut production lot, and a washer production lot shall be tested as an assembly. A rotational-capacity lot number shall be assigned to each combination of lots tested. When washers are not specified for use, they need not be included in the rotational-capacity lot number. The minimum frequency of testing shall be two assemblies per shipping lot. Starting with 10 percent of the specified proof load using a Skidmore-Wilhelm calibrator or equivalent tension-measuring device, the assembly shall withstand the number of turns indicated without breaking: 203 226.02 (1) Bolt length up to and including 4 diameters: 2/3 turn (2) Bolt length over 4 but not exceeding 8 diameters: 1 turn (3) Bolt length over 8 but not exceeding 12 diameters: 1 1/3 turn Bolts too short to test in a Skidmore-Whilhelm Calibrator shall be tested using steel plate(s) without the specified proof load requirement. b. During this test, the minimum recorded tension shall be at least 1.15 times the required bolt proof load as specified in ASTM A325 and ASTM A490: 1.15 x Proof Load (lb) Bolt Size (in) ASTM A325 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 13,800 22,000 32,600 45,100 59,200 64,900 82,400 98,200 119,600 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 c. ASTM A490 19,600 31,100 46,100 63,700 83,600 105,200 133,700 159,300 193,800 The measured torque to produce the required fastener tension shall not exceed the value obtained by the following equation: Torque = 0.25 PD Where: Torque = measured torque (foot-pounds) P = measured bolt tension (pounds) D = nominal diameter (feet). Max. Torque 1.15 x Proof Load (ft-lb) Bolt Size (in) ASTM A325 ASTM 490 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 140 280 500 820 1,230 1,510 2,140 2,800 3,730 200 400 720 1,160 1,730 2,460 3,470 4,550 6,040 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 204 227.01 d. Bolts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F606, Method I. Full-size bolts shall be wedge tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F606. Nuts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F606. Galvanized bolts shall be wedge tested after galvanizing. Galvanized nuts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F606 only when overtapping, galvanizing, and lubricating operations are completed. e. Galvanized bolts, nuts and washers shall be hot-dipped galvanized by the hotdipped method in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A153. If the bolts are to be topcoated with paint, mechanically galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers that conform to the requirements of ASTM B695, Class 50, may be used. When galvanized nuts conforming to the requirements of ASTM A563 are specified, the amount of over tapping may be less than specified; however, all nuts in each lot shall be over tapped the same amount. Galvanized nuts shall be lubricated in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A563 using a lubricant sufficiently tinted so as to be readily visible. Galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers shall have the galvanization measured for thickness. Measurements for bolts shall be taken on the wrench flats or top of the bolt head. Measurements for nuts shall be taken on the wrench flats. When galvanized washers are specified, hardness testing shall be performed after galvanizing. The coating shall be removed prior to testing. f. Bolts, nuts, and washers shall be identified with a marking that identifies their manufacturer. The Contractor shall provide an example of such marking and the certification of each manufacturer for the bolts, nuts, and washers supplied. The Contractor shall also provide written documentation of all tests required by ASTM and by specifications herein for bolts, nuts, and washers. Documentation shall indicate the results of such tests, the address where the tests were performed and the date of testing. Test results of bolts and nuts shall also indicate the lot number of the product. Bolts, nuts, and washers from different rotational-capacity lots shall not be shipped in the same container. In addition, shipping containers shall be marked with the rotational-capacity test lot number of the product supplied. SECTION 227—STEEL GRID FLOORING 227.01—Description These specifications cover plant-fabricated steel for use as a portion of a bridge deck. 205 227.02 227.02—Materials (a) Steel shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36, except that material which is not galvanized shall have a copper content of at least 0.2 percent. (b) Concrete for filling steel grid floors shall conform to the requirements of Section 217 for Class A3, maximum aggregate size No. 7. 227.03—Detail Requirements (a) Open flooring shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A123. (b) Painting, when specified or permitted, shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Section 411 except that dipping will be permitted. SECTION 228—STEEL PILES 228.01—Description These specifications cover steel fabricated to a shape that will act as a foundation for a structure. One copy of each applicable mill analysis shall accompany steel piles shipped to the project, and four copies shall be submitted to the Engineer. 228.02—Detail Requirements (a) H-piles: H-piles shall be structural carbon steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. (b) Shell Piles: Welded shells shall be fabricated with butt welds only. End plates and other fittings shall be fabricated from the same material used for the shell or from steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A709, Grade 36. 1. Steel for Type A shells shall be classification SAE 1010 with a yield point of at least 50,000 pounds per square inch. Shells shall be fluted and consist of a cylindrical upper section(s) and a lower section having a diameter diminishing at the rate of at least 1/8 but not more than 1/4 inch per foot. The lower section shall have a welded point with a diameter of at least 8 inches. 2. Steel for Type B shells shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A252, Grade 1, 2, or 3. Shells shall be straight pipe having bottoms closed with end plates at least 3/4 inch in thickness and a diameter not more than 1/2 inch greater than the outside diameter of the shell. 3. Steel for Type C shells shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A569 or A366. Shells shall be helically corrugated and cylindrical in the section and shall diminish in 206 229.02 diameter toward the point by stepping at regular intervals at the rate of approximately 1 inch per step or at an average rate of at least 1/8 but not more than 1/4 inch per foot. The lower section shall have a welded point with a diameter of at least 8 inches. 4. Steel for Type D shells shall be classification SAE 1010 with a yield point of at least 50,000 pounds per square inch. Shells shall be helically corrugated and of a constant cylindrical section or shall diminish uniformly in diameter at the rate of at least 1/8 but not more than 1/4 inch per foot. Bottoms shall have ends closed with plates at least 3/4 inch in thickness and not more than 1/2 inch greater in diameter than the outside diameter of the shell. Shells diminishing in diameter shall have welded points with a diameter of at least 8 inches. (c) Steel Sheet Piles: Steel sheet piles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A328. SECTION 229—ALUMINUM ALLOY 229.01—Description These specifications cover aluminum alloy products designed in shape and composition to serve a specific purpose, such as a sign panel, post, or conduit, including necessary fasteners. 229.02—Detail Requirements (a) Sheets and plates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B209, alloy 6061-T6, 6061T651, 5052-H32, 5052-H34, 3003-H14, or 5086-H116/H32. Aluminum sign panels shall be alloy 5052-H32, 5052-H34, 5052-H38, or 6061-T6. (b) Bars, rods, and wire shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B211, alloy 6061-T6 or 6061-T651. (c) Extruded bars, rods, shapes, and tubes shall conform to the requirements of ASTMB221, alloy 6061-T6 or 6063-T6. Aluminum alloy extrusions, extruded tubes, drawn tubes, or pipes that are to be bent on a radius of less than 3 feet may be made from alloy having a temper condition of 0. (d) Drawn tubes shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B210, alloy 6061-T6. (e) Pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B429 or ASTM B241, alloy 6061-T6 or 6063-T6. (f) Bolts, studs, nuts, set screws, washers, and rivets shall be furnished as commercial items suitable for the application. (g) Permanent-mold castings for items other than rail posts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B108, alloy 356.0-T6. Cast aluminum alloy rail post shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B108, alloy A444.0. 207 229.02 (h) Sand castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B26, alloys 319-F, 319.0-T6, 356.0-F, 356.0-T6, or 535.0-F. (i) Shims shall be made from a sheet or plate conforming to the requirements of ASTM B209, alloy 1100-O. (j) Aluminum filler metal for welding shall conform to the requirements of AWS 1.2. (k) Rolled or extruded structural shapes shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B308, alloy 6061-T6. (l) Breakaway support couplings for light poles and sign posts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B209 or ASTM B221, alloy 6061-T6. (m) Frangible bases for light and signal poles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B26 or ASTM B108, alloy 319 or 356.0-T6. (n) Aluminum alloy for controller, control center, and flasher cabinets shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B209, alloy 5052-H32. (o) Aluminum alloy for lighting and pedestal poles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B221, ASTM B241, or B429, alloy 6063-T6. SECTION 230—BRONZE AND COPPER ALLOY 230.01—Description These specifications cover the fabrication of specific bronze or copper alloys, usually in the construction of a bridge structure or for electrical purposes. 230.02—Detail Requirements (a) Cast bronze shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B22. (b) Copper alloy shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B100, copper alloy No. 51000. (c) Copper sheets and strips shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B370. 208 231.02 SECTION 231—PAINT 231.01—Description These specifications cover a mixture of pigment in a liquid vehicle that, when applied, will dry to an opaque solid film. Use of paint in these specifications refers to the requirements of highway construction. Paint materials not specified herein shall be as specified by the manufacturer. 231.02—Materials The paint shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Except for barium sulfate, total heavy metal levels shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. Volatile organic compound (VOC) content shall not exceed 2.8 pounds per gallon as applied, except zinc rich primers shall not exceed 3.5 pounds per gallon as applied. When Federal Standard (FS) color numbers are specified, they refer to color only and not to gloss requirements. (a) Paint vehicles shall conform to the following requirements: Vehicle Specification Acrylic resin Alkyd resin Linseed oil Boiled Heat bodied Raw Methyl ethyl ketone Mineral spirits Soybean oil Refined Degummed Spar varnish Toluene Tricresyl-phosphate Volatile thinners 2-ethoxyethanol acetate 100% straight acrylic polymer dispersed in water FS TT-R-266, Type I, Class A or B ASTM D260, Type I FS TT-L-201 ASTM D234 ASTM D740 ASTM D235 ASTM D1462 ASTM D124 FS TT-V-121 ASTM D841 ASTM D363 ASTM D235 ASTM D3728 (b) Paint pigments shall conform to the following requirements: 209 231.02 Pigment Specification Aluminum paste Carbon black Lamp black Magnesium silicate Micaceous iron oxide ASTM D962 ASTM D561, Type I ASTM D209 ASTM D605 Processed specular hematite ore with lamellar structure that conforms to the requirements of ASTM D 5532, Type I Fine, creamy white powder with high gelling efficiency in a wide range of organic liquids; water content less than 30% and fineness less than 5% retained on No. 200 (75 m) sieve ASTM D765 ASTM D476, Rutile ASTM D768 ASTM D520, Type II ASTM D79 Organo montmorillonite Raw Sienna Titanium dioxide Yellow iron oxide Zinc dust Zinc oxide 231.03—Detail Requirements Paints shall not settle excessively or cake in the container; shall be readily broken up with a paddle or power mixer to a smooth uniform paint of acceptable consistency and working properties with a minimum of foaming; shall not thicken, liver, skim, or curdle; and shall retain these properties in storage for at least 12 months. When applied in accordance with the standard practice, paint shall show good leveling properties; be free from laps, brush marks, orange peel, sags, or other surface defects; and shall flow out to a uniform, smooth finish. Paints will be inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with the requirements of Federal Test Method Standard No. 141. Paint containers shall be plainly marked with the name of the material, date of manufacture, lot number and/or batch number, Department color, quantity contained therein, and name and address of the manufacturer. A manufacturer’s product data sheet shall also be provided. Any package or container not provided as specified will be rejected. (a) Zinc-rich paint systems (System B) shall consist of a zinc-rich primer; an intermediate coat when recommended by the manufacturer; and a topcoat, which shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Zinc-acrylic-acrylic systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-73. Zinc-rich-epoxy-urethane paint systems approved by the Northeast Protective Coating Committee (NEPCOAT) or those systems tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO R-31 will be evaluated for inclusion to the Qualified Low Volatile Organic Compound Zinc Rich Paint Systems List . Primer for shop application shall be inorganic zinc and shall conform to the slip coefficient requirements of AASHTO 1995 Interim Provision, Division I, Design, Table 10.32.3C, Class B. (b) No. 14 paint, aluminum epoxy mastic, (System F) shall be a two-component, modified epoxy coating, aluminum in color. 210 231.03 1. Composition: Pigment shall be flake metallic aluminum and shall contain rust-inhibiting and inert pigments. The paint vehicle shall be a modified epoxy resin and curing agent and shall not contain coal tar. Paint shall be supplied as a two-package material with a 1:1 mixture ratio by volume. 2. Physical Requirements: The epoxy mastic shall contain at least 90 percent solids by weight when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1644, modified to a drying time of 72 hours at 100 degrees F. The shelf life of epoxy mastic components shall be at least 6 months. There shall be no skinning, gelling, or hard settling that does not disperse. The viscosity of mixed paints measured immediately after the blending and mixing of components shall be from 80 to 140 Kreb units at 77 ± 2 degrees F. The weight per gallon of mixed paint shall be at least 10.8 pounds at 77 ± 2 degrees F. The appearance of the dry applied film shall be bright aluminum. The epoxy mastic shall be suitable for use over properly prepared, inorganic zinc-rich primers. A mist coat may be required to minimize bubbling. Mixed paint, when thinned in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations for application over wire-brushed rusty steel, shall be capable of being spray applied in one coat at a wet film thickness of 10 mils without runs or sags. The epoxy mastic, when applied in a dry film thickness of 5 mils and air dried at 75 degrees F, shall be dry to the touch within 24 hours; dry enough to handle in 48 hours; and provide a hard tough film after 5 days. The usable pot life of the mixture of components reduced as recommended shall be at least 3 hours at 70 degrees F and 1 1/2 hours at 90 degrees F. The epoxy-mastic coating shall possess such flexibility that when applied in a dry film thickness of 5 mils to a 1/8-inch steel panel that has been blast cleaned in accordance with the requirements of SSPC-5 and cured for 2 weeks at 75 degrees F, it shall not display signs of cracking or loss of adhesion when the panel is uniformly bent 180 degrees around a mandrel 8 inches in diameter. 3. Resistance: Steel test panels conforming to the requirements of ASTM D609 shall be abrasive blasted in accordance with the requirements of SSPC-SP 5, exposed to the atmosphere for 30 days so that a uniform rusting occurs, and then hand cleaned with a wire brush in accordance with the requirements of SSPC-SP 2. The panel shall then be spray applied with epoxy mastic to achieve a dry film thickness of 5 mils and cured in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. a. Fresh Water: Coated panels shall be scribed down to base metal with an X having at least 2-inch legs and immersed in fresh tap water at 75 ± 5 degrees F. Upon examination after 30 days of immersion, panels shall be unaffected except for dis211 231.03 coloration of the epoxy-mastic coating. There shall be no blistering, softening, or visible rusting of the coating beyond 1/16 inch from the edge of the scribe mark. b. Salt Water: Panels shall be scribed down to the base metal with an X having at least 2-inch legs and immersed in a 5 percent sodium chloride solution at 75 ± 5 degrees F. Panels shall be unaffected, except for discoloration of the epoxy-mastic coating, upon inspection after 7, 14, and 30 days of immersion. There shall be no blistering, softening, or visible rusting of the coating beyond 1/16 inch from the center of the scribe mark. The sodium chloride solution shall be replenished with fresh solution after each examination. c. Weathering: Panels shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G23, Type D, at the beginning of the wet cycle. After 1,000 hours of continuous exposure, the coating shall show no rusting, loss of adhesion to the steel test panel, or blistering. d. Salt Fog: Panels shall be scribed with an X having at least 2-inch legs down to base metal. Test panels shall then be tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM B117. After 1,000 hours of continuous exposure, the coating shall show no rusting or blistering beyond 1/16 inch from the center of the scribe mark or a loss of bond. 4. Packaging and Labeling: Epoxy-mastic coating shall be packaged in two containers labeled “Part A” and “Part B.” Each container shall bear a label that clearly shows the manufacturer and brand name of the paint, lot number, and date of manufacture. The label on the vehicle container shall also include complete instructions for use. The container shall be coated, if necessary, to prevent attack by the paint components. 5. Application: The manufacturer’s current printed instructions for applying aluminum epoxy-mastic coating shall be submitted to the Department for approval prior to application. 6. Product Certification: The manufacturer shall certify that the modified aluminum epoxy mastic has been used successfully for at least 2 years in a similar service and environment and that the material was applied in one coat at a dry film thickness of 5 mils. Successful performance shall include adhesion to steel and old coatings of the type found on bridges. Prior to approval and use of an aluminum epoxy-mastic coat, the manufacturer shall submit a certified test report from an independent testing laboratory showing specific test results conforming to all quantitative and resistance test requirements herein. The test report shall also contain the lot numbers from which the data were compiled, manufacturer’s name, and brand name of the paint. Upon approval by the Department, the product will be placed on the Department’s Qualified No. 14 Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings List (System F) and further resistance and quantitative tests will not be required of that manufacturer for that brand name of paint unless random samples tested by the Department show nonconformance with any of the requirements herein. The manufacturer shall submit new certified test results when the manufacturing process or paint formulation is changed. 212 231.03 (c) Colored epoxy mastic for use as a finish coat over No. 14 primer (System F) shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the primer and shall conform to the salt fog resistance requirements specified in (b) herein. Upon approval by the Department, the colored epoxy mastic will be placed on the Qualified No. 14, Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings List (System F) as an approved colored topcoat. (d) Colored urethane topcoats for use as a finish coat over No. 14 primer (System F) shall be an aliphatic urethane from the Department’s Qualified No. 14, Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings List (System F) as an approved colored topcoat. (e) No. 101, 102, and 103 water reducible paint (System W) shall be a one-component acrylic water borne paint with a VOC of less than 2.8 pounds per gallon as applied. 1. Composition: No. 101 Min. Pigment (% by weight) Red iron oxide (86% Fe2O3) Zinc phosphate Phthalocyanine Blue Calcium carbonate Titanium dioxide (ASTM D476, Type II) Magnesium silicate Tinting compounds1 Vehicle (% by weight) HG-54 solids Water Methyl carbitol Texanol Dibutyl phthalate Paint Characteristics Weight per gallon (pound) Solids by volume Grind Viscosity (KU) Drying time (ASTM D1640) Set to touch (hr) Drying time (hr) Leneta sag pH Adhesion (ASTM 3359) Gloss, pecular at 80 degrees 1 20 45 10 No. 102 Max. 25 Min. 35 No. 103 Max. 40 5 Min. 10 Max. 20 5 2 30 45 12 75 30 80 60 30 55 65 80 30 55 58 5 2 2 5 2 2 5 5 9.7 35 5 90 11.0 37 5 90 9.0 30 5 90 100 3 24 10 8.0 3B 8.5 100 3 24 10 8.0 3B 8.5 95 90 100 3 24 10 8.0 3B 40 8.5 Tinting compounds shall be prime-hiding pigments. 2. Mixed Paint: Mixed paint shall not liver, thicken, curdle, or gel or settle rapidly. After mixing, all coarse particles and skins shall not amount to more than 0.05 percent by weight of the total mixture when passed through a 60-mesh screen. 213 231.03 3. Storage Life: The paint shall not show thickening, curdling, gelling, or gassing after being stored for 1 year from date of manufacture when packaged in tightly covered unopened containers at a temperature between 50 degreesand 90 degrees F. 4. Working Properties: The paint shall spray easily and show no streaking, running, or sagging when tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard 411, Methods 4331 and 4541. SECTION 232—PIPE AND PIPE ARCHES 232.01—Description These specifications cover materials used for the conveyance of water, including drainage, storm water, sanitary systems, and waste water. 232.02—Detail Requirements The Contractor shall obtain and provide from his supplier a quality control plan acceptable to the Department for determination of conformance with the applicable requirements in the production of concrete and corrugated metal culvert and underdrain pipe. (a) Concrete Pipe: 1. Concrete pipe for culverts and sewers shall be circular or elliptical in cross-section, either plain concrete or reinforced concrete, and of the modified tongue-and-groove design in sizes up to and including 18 inches in internal diameter and either standard or modified reinforced tongue-and-groove in sizes above 18 inches in internal diameter. Pipe shall conform to the specified AASHTO requirements except that pipe having an internal diameter of 36 inches or less shall be manufactured without lift holes. Pipe larger than 36 inches in internal diameter may be manufactured with lift holes provided the holes are created by molding, forming, coring, or other methods to be cylindrical or conical in shape and are sufficiently smooth to permit plugging with an elastomeric or other approved plug type. a. Plain concrete culvert pipe shall be composed of hydraulic cement, water, and mineral aggregates conforming to the requirements of b(3) and b(4) herein. Pipe shall conform to the following: Min. Inside Diameter (in) 12 15 18 21 24 Min. Wall Thickness (in) 1 3/4 2 2 2 3/4 3 214 Groove Depth (in) 1 3/4 1 3/4 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 Crushing Strength (lb/lin ft) 1,800 2,125 2,400 2,700 3,000 232.02 Pipe shall also comply with the requirements of AASHTO M170 for manufacture, finish, marking, inspection, and rejection. b. Reinforced concrete culvert pipe: (1) Circular pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M170, class as specified, or AASHTO M242. Circular pipe that does not have values listed in the AASHTO M170 design tables for diameter, wall thickness, compressive strength, and reinforcement shall be certified in accordance with the requirements of Section 105.10. Pipe conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M242 shall also be certified in accordance with the requirements of Section 105.10. (2) Elliptical pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M207, class as specified. Elliptical pipe that does not have values listed in the AASHTO M207 design tables for wall thickness, compressive strength, and reinforcement shall be certified in accordance with the requirements of Section 105.10. (3) Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of Section 202 for quality except that the void content, grading, and uniformity shall be controlled as necessary to produce the specified level of strength and absorption. (4) Coarse aggregate shall conform to the requirements of Section 203 for Grade A crushed stone or gravel. (5) Positioning of reinforcement when two layers of wire or bar reinforcement are used shall be such that welded joints are at an angle of approximately 60 degrees to each other. (6) Strength tests will be performed by the three-edge bearing method in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T280 or by the testing of cores in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C42. Hand-cast pipe and end sections may be tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C39 and C31. (7) Absorption tests will be performed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T280 on specimens of broken pipe or cores. 2. Concrete pipe for underdrains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M86, Class I, and the perforation requirements of AASHTO M175, Type I, except that spalls shall be not more than 1 1/2 inches in diameter or 3/16 inch in depth and shall not adjoin. When used as combination underdrains, pipe shall not be perforated. Porous concrete pipe for underdrains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M176, standard strength. 215 232.02 3. Concrete pipe for water lines, water mains, and sanitary sewers: a. Concrete pressure pipe (steel cylinder) shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C300, AWWA C301, or AWWA C303 for the size, minimum working pressure, protective coating, seal coat, and type of joint as specified. b. Nonreinforced concrete sanitary sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M86 for the class specified. c. Reinforced concrete water pipe (noncylinder) shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C302 for size, minimum working pressure, seal coat, protective coating, and type of joint specified. d. Reinforced concrete sanitary sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M170 for the class specified. (b) Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings: 1. Cast iron pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A888 for the class specified. 2. Ductile iron pipe shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C151 for size, joint type, class, type of coating and lining as specified, and minimum working pressure if applicable. Flanged joints shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C115. 3. Fittings for cast iron and ductile iron pipe for water lines, water mains, and sanitary sewers shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C110 (ANSI A21.10) or AWWA C153 (ANSI A21.53) for size, joint type, pressure rating, and type of coating and lining as specified. 4. Cement mortar linings shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C104 (ANSI A21.4). (c) Steel Pipe: 1. Corrugated steel culvert pipe and pipe arches shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M36 except that helically formed pipe shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T249 at the rate of one test per week per corrugation machine per work shift. Records of such test shall be maintained for a period of 24 months. Pipe shall be fabricated from materials conforming to AASHTO M218 for galvanized pipe, AASHTO M274 for aluminum coated pipe, AASHTO M246 for polymer coated pipe and AASHTO M289 for aluminum zinc alloy coated pipe. Steel spiral rib pipe shall be of smooth wall spiral rib construction. When connecting bands or flared end sections are required, helically formed pipe shall have rerolled ends with a minimum of two annular corrugations. End sections shall be produced in accordance with the general requirements of AASHTO M36 from materials conforming to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M218 for use with galvanized pipe, AASHTO M274 for use with aluminum-coated or polymer coated pipe, or AASHTO M289 for use with aluminum zinc alloy-coated pipe. 216 232.02 Pipe sections shall be joined with annular corrugated bands, hugger bands, or maxidimple bands conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M36 and shall be designed to form a leak-resistant joint. Maxidimple bands shall have two rows of circumferential dimples spaced approximately 4 to 6 inches on center. Coupling band widths shall be at least 7 inches for pipe 12 through 30 inches in diameter and 10 1/2 inches for pipe 36 through 120 inches in diameter. Coupling bands shall be not more than 0.109 inch (12 gage) and not less than 0.052 inch (18 gage) in thickness, and the thickness shall be equal to the pipe thickness or up to two numerical thicknesses lighter than the pipe thickness. (Example: For 12-gage pipe, coupling bands may be 12, 14, or 16 gage.) Coupling bands shall have the same metallic or polymer coating as the pipe sections on which they are connecting. 2. Asphalt-coated corrugated steel culvert pipe and pipe arches shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M190 with the following modifications: a. Steel to be coated shall be free from contaminants and shall be immersed in asphalt having a temperature of 400 ± 5 degrees F. When pipe is preheated to 300 degrees F, the temperature of the asphalt shall be at least 375 degrees F. The duration of the first immersion of the steel in the hot asphalt shall be at least as follows: Pipe Thickness (in) Time (min) 0.052 0.064 0.079 0.109 0.138 0.168 2 2.5 3 5 6.5 8 b. Steel shall be dipped a second time to give a total coating of at least 0.050 inch in thickness. c. Coupling bands need not be coated unless required for watertightness. d. Samples for testing asphalt may be taken from the dipping vat prior to coating. e. When a sheet with a thickness other than the minimum specified for a particular size of pipe or arch is to be coated, an embossed seal bearing the thickness of the steel shall be attached to each pipe or arch prior to dipping the pipe or arch in asphalt. The seal shall be secured through a drilled or punched hole, having a diameter of not more than 3/8 inch, approximately 1 inch from the end of the section of the pipe or arch. The seal shall remain attached to the pipe or arch for rapid identification of the thickness of the steel. f. A mastic may be used in lieu of applying asphalt coating in the shop. Mastic shall conform to the requirements of and be applied in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M243. 217 232.02 3. Corrugated steel pipe for underdrains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M36. 4. Black and galvanized steel pipe: a. Black steel pipe for bridge deck drains and drainage systems shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A53, extra strong (Schedule 80), with a wall thickness of at least 0.337 inch except that the hydrostatic test will not be required. b. Galvanized steel pipe for handrails shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A120 or ASTM A53 for standard or extra strong pipe as indicated except that the hydrostatic test will not be required. c. Black and galvanized steel pipe for miscellaneous items shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A53 except that the hydrostatic test will be required only when the pipe is used as pressure pipe. 5. Smooth wall pipe (jacked or casing for general use): a. Steel encasement pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A139 with a minimum wall thickness of 0.500 inch or ASTM A53 Standard Weight Class and shall have beveled edges suitable for welding or be threaded. The hydrostatic test for such pipe will be waived. b. Pipe for jacking shall be of sufficient strength, diameter and wall thickness to accomplish the specific task and shall be approved by the Engineer. 6. Steel water pipe, flanges, and fittings: a. Steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C200 for the minimum design working pressure, wall thickness, and type of pipe ends as specified. The protective coating shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C203 for coal tar protective coating, and the lining shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C205 for cement mortar lining. b. Flanges shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C207 as specified for pressure rating and size. c. Fittings shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C208. 7. Galvanized steel water pipe and fittings: a. Galvanized steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A53, Schedule 40 or 80, for the size; method of manufacture; type, plain or threaded; couplings; and class specified. b. Fittings shall be galvanized malleable iron conforming to the requirements of ASTM A47. Threads shall conform to the requirements of ANSI B2.1. 8. Concrete-lined corrugated steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of Section 232.02(c)1. and shall be fabricated from material conforming to AASHTO M274 for 218 232.02 aluminum coated pipe. The concrete lining shall be at least 1/8 inch in thickness over the inside crest of corrugation. Concrete for the lining shall be composed of cement, sand, and water, mixed to produce a dense, homogeneous lining. Pipe sections shall be connected using a hugger band with O-rings. After pipe is installed, the separation between pipe sections shall be filled with a cement grout. After finishing, the area shall be sprayed with a liquid membrane-forming compound. 9. Polymer coated steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of Section (c)1 herein. Polymer coating material shall conform to AASHTO M246 and be composed of polyethylene and acrylic acid copolymer. Polymer coating shall have a minimum thickness of 0.01 inch and shall be applied to both sides of the pipe material. Polymer coating shall be labeled with the brand name of the material and the manufacture in accordance with AASHTO M246. 10. Corrugated steel double wall pipe shall conform to the requirements of Section (c)1 herein. Corrugated steel double wall pipe shall consist of a standard corrugated steel exterior shell that meets the structural requirements for the pipe and a smooth interior steel liner. The interior liner is to be continuously attached to the exterior shell along the lock seam. The interior liner is to have a minimum thickness of 0.052 inches. Both the exterior shell and the interior liner are to have a polymer coating applied to both sides of the pipe material in accordance with Section (c)9, herein. (d) Structural Plate Pipe, Pipe Arches, and Arches: Pipe, pipe arches, and arches shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M167 for corrugated steel pipe and AASHTO M219 for aluminum alloy pipe.. When asphalt coating is required, it shall be an asphalt mastic applied to the structure after assembly. The asphalt mastic shall conform to the requirements of and be applied in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M243. (e) Aluminum Alloy Pipe: 1. Corrugated aluminum alloy culvert pipe and pipe arches shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M196. Material used to produce end sections for use with corrugated aluminum alloy pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M196. Aluminum spiral rib pipe used for storm drains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M196 except that it shall be of smooth wall, spiral ribbed construction. Connecting bands for aluminum drainpipe shall conform to the thickness and the corrugations or rib of the pipe to which they are connecting. 2. Corrugated aluminum alloy pipe underdrains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M196, Type III. When used as combination underdrains, pipe shall not be perforated. (f) Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings: Pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M65, extra strength, or, for sanitary sewer, may conform to the requirements of ASTM C700, extra strength. Joints for sanitary sewer shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C425. Plain and perforated clay pipe for drain fields shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C700, extra strength. 219 232.02 (g) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Pipe: 1. PVC water and pressure sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C900, PC-150, for water facilities and ASTM D1785 for pressure sewers and shall have a pressure rating of at least 150 pounds per square inch. 2. PVC gravity sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D3034; SDR35; ASTM F794, Series 46; or ASTM F949. 3. PVC ribbed pipe for culverts and storm drains shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M304 or ASTM F949. 4. PVC underdrains shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F758, Type PS 28, or ASTM F949. (h) Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Pipe and Fittings: Pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2996, ASTM D2997, or AWWA C950 with a continuous rating of at least 150 pounds per square inch at 150 degrees F for pipe, fittings, and adhesive joints. (i) ABS Pipe: 1. ABS semiround underdrain pipe with top shield shall be at least 4 5/8 inches in diameter with drain holes 1/4 or 3/8 inch in diameter drilled at least 7/8 inch apart under the roof line. Pipe shall weigh at least 0.80 pound per foot. When used as combination underdrains, pipe shall not be perforated. 2. ABS sewer pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2680 for the type of joints specified and shall have a pressure rating of at least 150 pounds per square inch. (j) Polythylene (PE) Pipe: 1. PE corrugated underdrain pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M252. Pipe shall be supplied in individual lengths with no lengths shorter than 10 feet. Coil pipe will be permitted only in 4-inch or 6-inch diameters provided it is machine installed. If the pipe starts to recoil during installation, the Contractor shall cease operations until a method of anchoring the pipe in the trench is approved. When used as combination underdrain or outlet pipe, the pipe shall be smooth wall, nonperforated. 2. PE corrugated culvert pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M294. PE pipe used for storm drains and entrances shall conform to the requirements of classification Type S. For all other applications, PE pipe shall be Type C or S. 3. PE pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C-901 for water mains and ASTM D2239, Grade P34, for sanitary sewers and shall have a pressure rating of at least 150 pounds per square inch. (k) Copper Water Pipe or Tubing: Copper water pipe or tubing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B88 and shall have the cast or wrought pattern. Fittings for concealed soft drawn pipe may be the flared mechanical type. Unions shall be the ground joint type. 220 234.02 (l) Polybutylene Pipe and Fittings: Pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C902 for water mains and ASTM F809 for sanitary sewers. SECTION 233—GALVANIZING 233.01—Description These specifications cover the use and repair of zinc coatings (galvanizing) on a variety of materials. 233.02—Detail Requirements Galvanizing of fabricated items shall be performed after fabrication. Galvanized items shall be stored off the ground in a manner that will allow free drainage of water from galvanized surfaces. (a) Galvanizing of iron and steel hardware shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A153 for the hot-dip process or ASTM B695, Class 50, for the mechanical process. (b) Galvanizing of rolled, pressed, and forged steel shapes, plates, bars, and strips shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A123. 233.03—Repair of Galvanized Surfaces Galvanizing surfaces that have been damaged or have uncoated areas shall be repaired in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A780 except that repair materials shall not contain lead or cadmium. SECTION 234—GLASS BEADS FOR REFLECTORIZING TRAFFIC MARKINGS 234.01—Description This specification covers glass beads for application on liquid traffic-marking materials so as to produce a reflective surface. 234.02—Detail Requirements Beads shall be manufactured from glass of a composition designed to be highly resistant to traffic wear and weather. Glass beads shall be spherical in shape and shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M247, Type 1, except that at least 80 percent of the beads shall be round when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D 1155, Procedure B. Beads shall be essentially free of sharp angular particles, milkiness, and surface scoring or scratching. 221 235.01 SECTION 235—RETROREFLECTORS 235.01—Description Retroreflectors shall consist of a housing/backing with a retroreflective surface on the front and back, if applicable. Retroreflectors for delineators and pavement markers, except temporary markers, shall be molded of methyl methacrylate plastic conforming to the requirements of Federal Specification L-P-380, Type I, Class 3. Retroreflectors for temporary pavement markers shall have a surface consisting of reflective sheeting or a plastic prismatic element. The housing/backing for temporary pavement markers shall be constructed of methyl methacrylate plastic conforming to the requirements of Federal Specification L-P380, Type I, Class 3. Retroreflectors for delineators shall be the same color as the adjacent pavement marking. Retroreflectors for pavement markers shall be the same color as the adjacent pavement marking except the backside shall be as follows: (a) One-way markers: The backside shall be red for white raised and white snowplowable raised pavement markers. The backside shall be blank for recessed, temporary pavement markers and yellow raised and yellow snowplowable raised pavement markers. (b) Two-way markers: The backside shall match the adjacent pavement marking except on recessed markers, which shall be blank. 235.02—Detail Requirements (a) Steel castings for snowplowable pavement markers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A536, hardened to 52-54 RC, and shall weigh approximately 5 1/2 pounds. Keels shall be parallel, approximately 0.70 inch thick by 1.90 inches deep, and shall have notched edges. The forward and rear noses of the casting shall be shaped to deflect snowplow blades. Castings shall retain their hardness after removal of adhesives and other foreign residues or shall be capable of conforming to the specified hardness with additional heat treating to ensure the castings can be recycled. (b) Plastic panels for delineators shall be at least 0.080 inch thick, have a minimum tensile strength at yield of 5,000 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D638, and have minimum impact strengths of 2.0 foot-pounds per inch of notch at –20 degrees F and 14.0 foot-pounds per inch of notch at 73 degrees F when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D256, Method A. The panels shall be flexible and able to recoil to within 5 degrees of vertical after impact. Panels shall not deteriorate when exposed to UV rays, petroleum products, ozone, deicing salts, exhaust fumes, or herbicides. (c) Aluminum panels for delineators shall be at least 0.064 inch thick conforming to the requirements of ASTM B-209, alloy 5052. 222 235.02 (d) Delineators shall have the retroreflective surface and the housing/backing fused to form a homogenous unit sealed against dust, water, and vapor. Retroreflectors shall show no change in shape or color when subjected to 4 hours in a circulating air oven at 170 degrees F to 180 degrees F. The adhesion system shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. The specific intensity shall be not less than the following values: Specific Intensity (cd/FC) Entrance Angle Observation Angle Clear Yellow 0° 20° 0.1° 0.1° 119 47 71 28 (e) Raised, recessed, and snowplowable raised pavement markers shall have a retroreflective surface area of no less than 1.4 square inches, and the slope of the reflective surfaces shall be no less than 30 degrees or more than 33 degrees when measured from the pavement surface. The reflective surface shall be protected with a bonded glass face or coated with a clear acrylic compound that uses a UV inhibitor. The specific intensity shall be not less than the following values when tested in accordance with VTM-70: Raised and Recessed Pavement Markers Specific Intensity (cd/FC) Entrance Angle Observation Angle White Yellow Red 0° 20° 0.2° 0.2° 3.0 1.2 1.8 0.72 0.75 0.25 Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers Specific Intensity (cd/FC) Entrance Angle Observation Angle White Yellow Red 0° 20° 0.2° 0.2° 4.0 1.6 2.4 0.96 1.0 0.4 The crushing strength shall be not less than 4,000 pounds when tested in accordance with VTM-71. Raised and recessed pavement markers shall be at least 4 inches and not more than 4.75 inches in width and not more than 0.55 inch in height. Retroreflectors for snowplowable raised pavement markers shall be installed in steel castings conforming to the requirements of (a) herein and shall have a nominal width of 4 inches excluding the castings. 223 235.02 (f) Temporary pavement marker shall have a retroreflective surface of no less than 1.0 square inch. The specific intensity shall be not less than the following values: Specific Intensity (cd/FC) Entrance Angle Observation Angle Clear Yellow 0° 20° 0.2° 0.2° 3.0 1.2 1.8 0.72 SECTION 236—WOOD PRODUCTS 236.01—Description These specifications cover structural timber and lumber, miscellaneous wood products, and preservative treatments. 236.02—Detail Requirements (a) Structural timber and lumber shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M168. The species and grade of structural lumber shall be as shown on the plans. The Engineer may approve the substitution of another species of equal or greater strength selected from the “Allowable Unit Stresses for Structural Lumber—Visually Graded” of AASHTO’s Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges or the supplement to National Design Specification for Stress-Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings of the National Forest Products Association. Except as otherwise specified, the species and grade of structural lumber, timber, and posts for the following applications shall be as follows: 1. Bridges shall be at least 1,550 Fb and: a. 5 inch by 5 inch and larger: Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense b. 2 inch through 4 inch by 2 inch through 4 inch: Southern Pine, No. 2 Dense c. 2 inch through 4 inch by 5 inch and through 6 inch: Southern Pine, No. 1 d. 2 inch through 4 inch by 8 inch only: Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense. e. 2 inch through 4 inch by 10 inch only: Southern Pine, Non-Dense Select Structural. f. 2 inch through 4 inch by 12 inch only: Southern Pine, Non-Dense Select Structural. 224 236.02 2. Signs shall be at least 1,100 Fb with material being dressed on all sides and: a. 4 inches and less in the least dimension: Southern Pine, No. 2 Non-Dense. b. Over 4 inches in the least dimension: Southern Pine, No. 1 3. Guardrail shall be at least 1,250 Fb Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense. a. In lieu of sawn posts, round Southern pine posts may be used. Round posts shall have at least an 8-inch diameter at the small end, and the diameter of the larger end shall not exceed that of the smaller end by more than 2 inches or be greater than 12 inches. Round posts shall be drilled and gained to accept the rail element or offset block. 4. Fence shall be Southern Pine, No. 2, for line, corner, and brace units. 5. Signalization and electrical service shall conform to the requirements of ANSI Class 5.1. Sawn material, both rough and dressed, shall be certified by the mill as to grade and shall be grade marked in accordance with the grading rules and basic provisions of the American Lumber Standards (PS-20-70) by a lumber grading or inspection bureau or agency approved by the Department. If dressed, the grade mark shall be applied after dressing. (b) Timber piles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D25. Piles shall be clean peeled and have a butt circumference of at least 31 inches. Piles for fender systems or other non–load bearing uses will be accepted under the following criteria provided the piles can be properly driven: A straight line from the center of the butt to the center of the tip may lie partly outside the body of the pile, but the distance between the line and pile shall be not more than 1/2 percent of the length of the pile or 3 inches, whichever is smaller. Points for timber piles shall be steel or cast iron and of a shape that will allow a secure connection to the pile and will withstand driving. Timber piles shall be branded prior to shipment with the supplier brand, year of treatment, species of timber and preservative treatment, retentions, class, and length. Brand symbols shall conform to the requirements of AWPA M6. (c) Timber preservatives shall be used according to their suitability for the condition of exposure to which they will be subjected and shall not be used interchangeably. Treatments shall conform to the following limitations: 1. Waterborne preservatives shall be used for timber where a clean surface is desirable. The moisture content of wood material shall be not more than 19 percent at the time of treatment. 2. Pentachlorophenol and creosote may be used for timber that is not to be painted. Timbers treated with pentachlorophenol or creosote shall be free of excess preservative on the wood surface. 225 236.02 3. Preservatives shall conform to the requirements of the American Wood-Preservers’ Association (AWPA). 4. Pressure treatment shall conform to the requirements of the AWPA “Use Category System” as follows: • Lumber and timber for bridge structures including bridge decking, guardrail posts, and offset blocks shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC4B. • Foundation piles shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC4C. • Wood composites shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC4A. • Sign posts, fence posts, and gates shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC4A. • All other sawn products and round posts less than 16 feet in length shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC4A. 5. Marine applications where wood structures or products will be placed in or above salt water, brackish water, or tidal water shall be treated to conform to the requirements of UC5B. 6. Wood used for highway construction and maintenance applications for sign posts, fence posts, wood posts, guardrail posts, bridge decking, gates, stair treads, and offset blocks shall be treated with a chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservative. Wood used for highway construction and maintenance applications for piles, timbers, and composites may be treated with a CCA, pentachlorophenol, or creosote preservative. 7. Wood used for hand-contact surfaces such as handrails, playground equipment, and picnic tables shall be treated with either ammoniacal copper quaternary (ACQ) salt or copper azole (CA) preservative. ACQ and CA wood treatments are highly corrosive to metal; fasteners or connectors that will be in contact with wood using ACQ or CA wood preservative treatments shall be either 304 or 316 stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanized steel that conforms to the requirements of ASTM A153 or ASTM A653, Class G185. Mechanically galvanized steel is prohibited. SECTION 237—BEDDING MATERIAL AND BEARING PADS 237.01—Description These specifications cover material used under bearing devices of structures. 237.02—Detail Requirements (a) Elastomeric Bearing Pads: The elastomer portion of pads shall be new neoprene compound. Pads shall be cast under heat and pressure and may be individually molded or cut 226 237.02 from pressure-cast stock. Variations from the dimensions shown on the plans shall be not more than the following: thickness, ±1/16 inch; width, –1/8 to +1/4 inch; length, –1/8 to +1/4 inch. Tolerances, dimensions, finish and appearance, flash, and rubber-to-metal bonding shall conform to the requirements of A 4-F3-T.063-B2, Grade 2, Method B, in accordance with the RMA Rubber Handbook. Pads shall be furnished in one piece and shall not be laminated unless otherwise specified. Pads shall be furnished in identifiable packages. Adhesive for use with elastomer pads shall be an epoxy-resin compound, compatible with the elastomer, having a sufficient shear strength to prevent slippage between pads and adjacent bearing surfaces. Laminated pads shall consist of alternate laminations of elastomer and hot-rolled steel sheets molded together as a unit. The bond between the elastomer and metal shall be such that failure shall occur in the elastomer and not between the elastomer and steel when tested for separation. Material having a nominal durometer hardness of 70 and 50 shall be used for nonlaminated pads and laminated pads, respectively. Test samples will be prepared from finished pads. Samples of each thickness will be taken from 2 full-size pads from each shipment of 300 pads or less, with 1 additional pad for each additional increment of 300 pads or fraction thereof. When tested in accordance with the ASTM methods designated, samples shall comply with the following physical requirements. 1. Original physical properties: Test results for tear resistance, tensile strength, and ultimate elongation shall be not more than 10 percent below the following specified value: Property Min. tear resistance, ASTM D624, Die C (lb/in of thickness) Hardness, ASTM D2240 (points) Min. tensile strength, ASTM D412 (average psi of longitudinal and transverse) Min. ultimate elongation (%) Nominal 50 Hardness 70 180 200 50 ± 5 2,500 70 ± 5 2,500 400 300 The compressive deflection tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D575, Method A, shall be as follows: a. Laminated pads: The maximum compressive deflection shall be 7 percent of the total rubber thickness at the total load given in the plans. The maximum shear resistance shall be 50 pounds per square inch of the plan area at 25 percent shear deformation at –20 degrees F. Test pads shall be subjected to a compressive load of 1.5 times the maximum design load without visible damage. b. Nonlaminated pads: When loaded within 300 to 800 pounds per square inch, material shall show a compressive deflection within 20 percent of that given in the charts of VTM-23, interpolating for actual measured hardness. 2. Changes in original physical properties: When pads are oven aged 70 hours at 212 degrees F in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D573, changes shall be not more than the following: 227 237.02 Property Value Hardness (points change) Tensile strength (% change) Ultimate elongation (% change) 0 to +15 ±15 -40 3. Extreme temperature characteristics: Compression set under constant deflection in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D395, Method B, 22 hours at 212 degrees F, shall be not more than 35 percent. When tested in accordance with the requirements of the low temperature brittleness test, ASTM D746, breaks shall not occur above –20 degrees F. 4. Ozone cracking resistance: Upon exposure to 100 parts per million of ozone in air by volume at a strain of 20 percent and a temperature of 100 ± 2 degrees F in a test conducted otherwise in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1149, cracks shall not develop within 100 hours. Samples shall be wiped with solvent before the test to remove traces of surface impurities. 5. Oil swell: The volume change shall be not more than +120 percent when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D471 with ASTM Oil No. 3, 70 hours at 212 degrees F. (b) TFE Bearing Surfaces: 1. TFE resin shall be virgin material conforming to the requirements of ASTM D1457. The specific gravity shall be 2.13 to 2.19. The melting point shall be 623 ± 2 degrees F. 2. Filler material shall be milled glass fibers, carbon, or other approved inert filler materials. 3. Adhesive material shall be an epoxy resin conforming to the requirements of FS MMM-A-134, FEB film or equal, as approved by the Engineer. 4. When tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1457, finished unfilled TFE sheets shall have a tensile strength of at least 2,800 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 200 percent. 5. Filled TFE sheets shall contain inert filler material uniformly blended with TFE resin. Finished filled TFE sheets containing glass fiber or carbon shall conform to the following: Min. tensile strength Min. elongation Min. specific gravity Melting point ASTM Method 15% Glass Fibers 25% Carbon D1457 D1457 D792 D1457 2,000 psi 150% 2.20 621 ± -50°F 1,300 psi 75% 2.10 603 ± -50°F 6. Fabric containing TFE fibers shall be manufactured from oriented multifilament TFE fluorocarbon fibers and other fibers as required by specific designs. When tested in ac228 238.01 cordance with the requirements of ASTM D2256, the tensile strength of TFE fibers shall be at least 24,000 pounds per square inch and the elongation shall be at least 75 percent. 7. Where TFE sheets are to be epoxy bonded, one surface of the sheet shall be factory treated by an approved manufacturer using the sodium naphthalene or sodium ammonia process. 8. Stainless steel mating surfaces shall be at least 16 gage in thickness and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A240, Type 304. The mating surface shall be a true plane surface with a Brinnel hardness of at least 125 and a surface finish of at least No. 8 mirror finish in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A480. Stainless steel mating surfaces shall be polished or rolled as necessary to conform to the friction requirements specified herein. The stainless steel shall be attached to the sole plate by means of a seal weld around the entire perimeter of the facing material. 9. The coefficient of friction for the completed bearing assembly shall be not more than the following: Bearing Pressure 500 psi (3.447 MPa) Material Unfilled TFE, fabric containing TFE fibers, TFE perforated metal composite Filled TFE Interlocked bronze and filled TFE structures 2,000 psi 3,500 psi (13.790 MPa) (24.132 MPa) .08 .06 .04 .12 .10 .10 .07 .08 .05 (c) Sheet Lead and Common Desilverized Bedding Material: Material shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B749 and shall be furnished in single sheets of the specified thickness. (d) Preformed Fabric Bedding Material: Material shall be composed of multiple layers of 8ounce cotton duck impregnated and bound with high-quality natural rubber or its equivalent and equally suitable materials compressed into resilient pads of uniform thickness. The number of plys shall be such as to produce the specified thickness after compression and vulcanizing. Finished pads shall withstand compression loads perpendicular to the plane of the laminations of at least 10,000 pounds per square inch without a detrimental reduction in thickness or extrusion. SECTION 238—ELECTRICAL AND SIGNAL COMPONENTS 238.01—Description These specifications cover conduits, conductors, junction boxes, traffic signal components, and necessary fittings to complete a described electrical or traffic signal system. 229 238.02 238.02—Detail Requirements (a) Metal Conduit and Fittings: Conduit shall conform to the requirements of and be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of UL-6. Fittings for metal conduit shall conform to the requirements of and be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of UL-514. Conduit for use in underground installations, concrete encasements, or corrosive environments shall also be coated on the outside with an asphalt mastic in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M243 or shall have a PVC coating of 40 mils or another approved coating. (b) PVC Conduit and Fittings: Conduit shall be heavy wall conduit conforming to the requirements of UL-651. Fittings for PVC conduit shall conform to the requirements of UL514. Exposed PVC conduit shall be UL listed or ETL Testing Laboratories, Inc., listed for use in direct sunlight. Each section of conduit shall be marked with the letters UL or ETL. Solvent cement used for joining shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2564. Protective shields shall be galvanized sheet steel of commercial quality with a coating designation conforming to the requirements of ASTM A525, coating designation G115, and a thickness of 0.0625 inch. When used in a directional boring operation, PVC conforming to the requirements of Schedule 40 shall have integral male/female couplings, a gasket, locking rings, and grooves designed to secure the conduit sections for installation in the bored area. Joints shall have a pull rating of 7,000 pounds for 3-inch conduit, 8,700 pounds for 4-inch conduit, 11,300 pounds for 5-inch conduit, and 14,000 pounds for 6-inch conduit. (c) Fiberglass-reinforced Epoxy Resin Conduit and Fittings: Conduit shall conform to the requirements of NEMA TC-14B. Conduit used in exposed areas shall be heavy wall and sunlight resistant. Epoxy adhesive used for joining shall conform to the requirements of NEMA TC-14. Protective shields shall conform to the same requirements as those with PVC conduit. (d) PE Conduit: PE conduit shall conform to the requirements of NEMA TC-7 for high-density PE duct except that the wall thickness of conduit with a diameter of 1 1/4 inches and less shall conform to the requirements of UL-651 for heavy-wall PVC conduit. Conduit shall have a carbon black loading of 2.5 ± 0.5 percent by weight in accordance with ASTM D1603. The average diameter of the carbon black shall be no larger than 40 millimicrons in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1514. Conduit shall contain at least 1,000 parts per million of hindered phenolic long-term antioxidant in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D3895. (e) Splice Boxes or Pull Boxes (512 cubic inches or less): Boxes will be permitted only in exposed areas and shall conform to the requirements of UL-514 and be compatible with the appropriate conduit. (f) Electrical and Signal Junction Boxes: Boxes, frames, and covers shall be watertight except for weep holes. Covers shall be fitted with synthetic rubber blend gaskets and secured with bronze or stainless steel screws. Boxes, frames, and covers for bridge structure encasements shall be one of the following types: 230 238.02 • steel castings conforming to the requirements of Section 224, galvanized inside and out • welded sheet steel having a thickness of at least 3/16 inch or 7 gage, galvanized inside and out • polymer concrete with fiberglass sides Boxes, frames, and covers for other uses shall withstand H-20 loading in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO’s Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges HS20-44. Boxes shall be one of the following types: • polymer concrete with fiberglass sides • cast iron with an asphalt mastic coating on exterior surfaces, except the cover, conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M243 or other protective coating materials specifically manufactured for use in corrosive environments as approved by the Engineer • concrete conforming to the requirements of Section 217 • 1/4-inch steel plate conforming to the requirements of ASTM A36, galvanized in accordance with the requirements of Section 233, and uniformly coated on exterior surfaces, except the cover, with an asphalt mastic conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M243 Alternate types of boxes may be submitted for review provided they conform to the following: • Boxes shall withstand H-20 loading in accordance with AASHTO’s Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges HS20-44. • Material shall be fire resistant and shall not burn at a rate greater than 0.3 inch per second per 0.1 inch of thickness when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D635. • Material shall have an absorption rate less than the requirement for a concrete pipe specified in Section 232.02(a)1.b(7). • Material shall show no appreciable change in physical properties after exposure to weather, oil, gasoline, or snow removal chemicals. (g) Conductor Cables: 1. Power conductor cables shall be copper conforming to the requirements of ASTM B3 and B8. Conductor cable sizes shall be based on No. 8 AWG minimum. Conductor cables of No. 8 AWG and larger shall be stranded. Conductor insulation shall be UL listed for the use specified on the plans and rated for 600-volt operation. a. Service entrance conductor cables shall be UL with Type SE insulation. 231 238.02 b. Underground service entrance conductor cables shall be UL with Type USE insulation. c. Direct burial conductor cables shall be UL with Type USE or UF insulation. d. Conductor cables in conduit shall be UL with Type THWN insulation except as follows: When the conduit size specified on the plans is such that the allowable percentage of conduit fill in Table 1, Chapter 9, of NEC is not exceeded, then UL Type RHW, TW, THW, XHHW, or XLPE insulation may be used. Where direct burial conductor cables enter a conduit, they may be spliced to THWN conductor cables only at accessible locations. 2. Communication and signal cables: a. Signal cables from the controller cabinet to signal heads shall be No. 14 AWG copper with 3, 4, 7, or 12 straight-lay conductors conforming to the requirements of IMSA 19-1 or 20-1, aerial and duct, or 19-5 or 20-5, direct buried. Signal cable used for preemption or pedestrian pushbuttons shall be two-conductor No. 14 AWG conforming to the requirements herein. b. Interconnect cables between controllers shall be No. 14 AWG solid copper conforming to the requirements of IMSA 19-2 or 20-2, aerial and duct; 19-4 or 20-4, self-supporting aerial; or 19-6 or 20-6, direct buried. When interconnect cable is specified to be either No. 18, 19, or 22 AWG, it shall be solid copper conforming to the requirements of IMSA 39-2 or 40-2, aerial and duct; 39-4 or 40-4, self-supporting aerial; or 39-6 or 40-6, direct buried. c. Loop detector cables shall be No. 12 AWG stranded copper conforming to the requirements of IMSA 51-3. Insulation shall be Type XHHW. Loop detector cable enclosed in tubing shall be No. 14 AWG stranded copper. Loop detector cable and tubing shall conform to the requirements of IMSA 51-5. d. Loop and magnetic detector lead-in cables shall be stranded copper, twisted pair, No. 14 AWG conforming to the requirements of IMSA 50-2. (h) Electrical Components: 1. Safety switches shall be enclosed in a rain-tight metal box and cover conforming to the requirements of NEMA 3R, with a lock-on/lock-off external switch handle. Safety switches shall be heavy duty, two-pole minimum with solid neutral and fused compatible with the equipment load. For signal installations, safety switches shall be rated at 100 amp/240 volts. 2. Circuit breaker boxes used as a service disconnect for signal equipment shall be a rain-tight metal box and cover conforming to the requirements of NEMA 3R. The circuit breaker box shall be rated at 100 amp/240 VAC with a solid neutral and shall contain two single-pole, 120-VAC breakers with an ampere rating compatible with the equipment load and shall have provisions for padlocking. The service load shall be wired to only one breaker. 232 238.02 3. Grounding electrodes (rods) shall be copper-clad rods conforming to the requirements of UL-467. Grounding electrodes shall have a diameter of 3/4 inch and a length of 10 feet. Grounding electrodes couplers shall be bronze, stainless steel, or copper clad with a solid center providing 100 percent conductivity and be UL approved. 4. Grounding electrode conductors shall be no less than No. 6 AWG (bare solid wire) conforming to the requirements of ASTM B2. 5. Ground clamps shall be heavy-duty bronze or brass or galvanized malleable iron conforming to the requirements of ASTM A220, any grade. 6. Signal head sections: a. Standard traffic signal head sections shall conform to the ITE Standard for Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads with the following exceptions and additions: (1) Lenses shall be made of glass. (2) Reflectors shall be made of glass or aluminum and shall be attached to the signal head housing by a hinged support system that is separate from the door and lens. b. Selective view signal head sections shall conform to the requirements of Section 4.04 of the ITE Standard for Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads. c. Pedestrian signal head sections shall be made of plastic, nonferrous metal, or a combination thereof. Strength requirements shall conform to the ITE Standard for Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads. The displays shall include “Walking Person” and “Upraised Hand” symbol indications in a separate or overlay configuration. Indications shall be illuminated using light emitting diode (LED) modules and shall conform to the latest ITE Performance Specifications for Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications. Symbol indications shall be filled. The Contractor shall provide with the initial catalog cut submittals for the model and type of pedestrian signal furnished the manufacturer’s certificate of ITE compliance and an independent photometric laboratory certification for ITE luminous intensity requirements for the LED modules. d. Lane use control signal head sections shall conform to the ITE Standard for Lane Use Traffic Control Signal Heads with the following exceptions and additions: (1) Strength requirements shall conform to the ITE Standard for Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads. (2) Lenses shall be made of glass. (3) Reflectors shall be attached to the signal head housing by a hinged support system that is separate from the door and lens. 233 238.02 e. Signal lamps shall conform to the requirements of the ITE standards for Traffic Signal Lamps and shall contain no less than 89 percent Krypton gas. The manufacturer shall provide certification of ITE compliance and percentage of Krypton gas from an independent testing laboratory. f. LED traffic signal head sections shall consist of a standard traffic signal head section without the optical assembly and a LED vehicle traffic signal module. LED circular traffic signal modules shall conform to the requirements of the ITE Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads–Light Emitting Diode Circular Signal Supplement issued on June 27, 2005 (inclusive of any ITE documents that amend, revise, and/or supersede it). LED arrow traffic signal modules shall conform to the requirements of the ITE Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads—Part 3: Light Emitting Diode Vehicle Arrow Traffic Signal issued on September 8, 2003, and adopted in March 2004 (inclusive of any ITE documents that amend, revise, and/or supersede it). The Contractor shall provide the LED manufacturer’s certificate of ITE compliance for the LED modules furnished and independent laboratory test reports. Independent laboratory tests shall include specific test and test results of each ITE test as specified in the ITE Design Qualification Testing Section 6.4. Independent test reports shall be submitted at the same time as the catalog cut is submitted for the model and type of LED signal module furnished. The Independent laboratory used for LED testing shall be on OSHA’s current list of Nationally Recognized Test Laboratory(s) (NRTLs). The testing laboratory shall be located within the continental United States or Canada. LED modules shall be fully compatible with the features and functions of conflict monitors and malfunction management units. Compatibility shall include, but not be limited to, dual indication, absence of red, and conflict monitoring. The Contractor shall verify the compatibility of LED modules in the presence of the Engineer. The LEDs shall be mounted and soldered to a printed circuit board. Modules shall be provided with an external in-line fuse (fusing AC hot). The LED signal module shall use the same mounting hardware used to secure the incandescent lens and gasket assembly and shall require only a screwdriver or standard installation tool to complete the mounting. The control circuitry shall prevent the current flow through the LEDs in the off state to avoid any false indication as may be perceived by the human eye during daylight and evening hours. The manufacturer’s part number, model and manufacturing date of the LED signal module shall be visible on the rear of the assembly. LED traffic signal modules shall be warranted for 5 years against manufacturing defects. Modules shall be replaced if the module fails due to material and/or workmanship during this 5-year period. 234 238.02 7. Backplates for signal heads: a. Virgin ABS plastic shall contain 60 percent styrene, 20 percent rubber, and 20 percent acrylic, with a thickness of at least 0.125 inch. Plastic shall contain ultraviolet inhibitors and stabilizers and shall be compounded for application in cold weather. Plastic shall have a tensile stress at yield of at least 5,300 pounds per square inch at 73 degrees F and a flexural strength at yield of at least 9,300 pounds per square inch at 73 degrees F. Plastic shall conform to or exceed the requirements of UL-94 test H.B. for fire retardance. The color of backplates shall be impregnated into the plastic. Backplates shall be vacuum formed; the inside and outside edges shall be formed with at least a 1/2-inch flange turned away from the front surface. 8. Cable clamps: a. Two bolt clamps shall be 4 inches in length, made to accommodate span wire ranging from 1/4 to 7/16 inch in diameter, and shall conform to the requirements of NEMA PH-23 except for clamp dimensions. b. Three bolt clamps shall be the heavy 6-inch length type conforming to the requirements of NEMA PH-23 except the clamp dimensions shall be as required to accommodate span wire ranging from 3/8 to 5/8 inch in diameter. 9. Cable rings and lashing wires shall be weather resistant and the industry standard. 10. Connectors and terminals shall conform to the requirements of NEC 110. Breakaway connectors shall consist of line and load side sections designed to separate without breaking the conductor. Connectors shall be waterproof with an insulation rating of 600 volts. Current carrying components exposed when the connector is separated shall be in the load section of the connector. Connectors for the hot conductors shall be designed for 13/32 inch by 1 1/2 inch cartridge type fuses. Fuses shall be rated at 10 amps. 11. Angle thimbleyes shall be Rural Utilities Service (RUS) listed. 12. Span wire saddle clamps for span wire connection on a bridle span shall use U-bolts for securing the clamp to the span wire and shall be galvanized malleable iron with a tensile strength of 25,000 pounds. 13. Stainless steel straps shall be solid, 5/8 inch width minimum, with a tensile strength of at least 100,000 pounds per square inch. 14. Service entrance heads shall be galvanized malleable iron. 15. Tether wire shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A475, Common Grade, Class A, seven strand, or Type I, General Purpose, Class I, 6 x 7, iron, galvanized, fiber core, conforming to the requirements of FS RR-W-00410C. The breaking strength of tether cable shall be not more than 3,000 pounds. 16. Thimbleye bolts shall conform to the requirements of ANSI C135.4 and the following: 235 238.02 a. The tensile strength shall be at least 18,350 pounds for 3/4-inch bolts. b. Dimensions for 3/4-inch bolts shall comply with the following as related to Figures 1 and 2 in ANSI C135.4: Bolt Diameter A D E 3/4 in 13/16 in 9/32 in 11/32 in 17. Thimbleye nuts shall conform to the requirements of ANSI C135.4. 18. Washers for use with thimbleye bolts shall conform to the requirements of NEMA PH-10. 19. Tape: a. Vinyl tape shall be for electrical use and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2301, Type 1. b. Rubber tape shall be for electrical use and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4388. 20. Photoelectric controls shall conform to the requirements of ANSI C136.10 and the following. The photoelectric control shall be solid state, fail-on type, single-voltage rated and shall be factory preset and calibrated to turn on at 1.5 footcandles ± 0.5 footcandle. The ratio of the turn-off light level to the turn-on light level shall not exceed 1.65:1. The photoelectric control shall use a cadmium sulfide sensor. The output control relay shall have a time delay of 5 to 15 seconds. The photoelectric control shall have a built-in 160-joule metal oxide varistor for surge/transient protection. The contact shall be mechanical, and contact “chatter” upon opening of the contacts shall not exceed 5 milliseconds. The cover shall be an impact- and ultraviolet-resistant material that complies with the flammability and impact requirements of UL-773. The window shall be made of acrylic with the proper ultraviolet stabilizers added to prevent discoloration. The control shall be capable of withstanding a drop of 3 feet onto a concrete floor without causing damage to the housing or changing the electrical operation. 21. Miscellaneous signal line hardware and/or attachments shall be galvanized or stainless steel. 22. Span wires shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A475, High-Strength Grade, Class A. 23. Splice kits shall be packaged containing materials from a single supplier and shall consist of a plastic molded body with a compound that provides a water-resistant seal and insulation for the conductor cables for at least 600 volts. 24. Span wire clamps for signal head mounting shall use U-bolts for securing the clamp to the span wire and shall be galvanized malleable iron or aluminum with a tensile strength of 6,000 pounds. 236 239.01 25. Contactors shall be UL listed, open type. The contactor shall be rated to be compatible with the equipment load and type of load 26. Dead-end strain vise clamps shall be designed for the size of the span wire or tether wire and their tensile strength shall be the same as or exceed the tensile strength of the cable. Clamps shall be fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials or shall be galvanized. Clamps shall have a release slot for holding the jaws back for retensioning and removal of the wire. Clamps shall be internally coated with inhibitor oils to prevent corrosion and to allow for the free movement of the jaws. 27. Heat-shrink tubing shall consist of an adhesive-lined, polyolefin flexible material conforming to the following requirements: Shrinkage ratio Water absorption Electrical rating 2:1 0.3% max. ≥ 600 volts 28. Guy markers shall be white, unless otherwise specified, and shall be PVC or polyolefin complete with all necessary manufacturer-approved installation/mounting hardware and shall conform to the following minimum requirements: Materials Property Test Method Unit PVC Polyolefin Mechanical Tensile strength ASTM D638 Tensile modulus ASTM D638 psi (MPa) psi (MPa) N/A ft-lb/in (J/m) 6,500 (45) 380,000 (2617) 78 11.0 (587) 4,500 (31) 141,000 (971) 68 5.0 (267) degrees F degrees C 162 72 N/A N/A V-O N/A 3.5 2.3 480 500 Hardness, Shore D Notched impact Thermal Heat distortion temperature at 264 psi (1.8 MPa) Flammability Electrical Dielectric constant Dielectric strength ASTM D2240/D2583 ASTM D256 ASTM D648 UL-94 ASTM D150 Volts per mil of thickness Volts per mil of thickness ASTM D149 SECTION 239—SODIUM CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE 239.01—Description These specifications cover chloride used as a stabilizer or to control snow and ice. 237 239.02 239.02—Detail Requirements (a) Sodium chloride shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M143, Type I, with the following exceptions: 1. The sodium chloride content shall be at least 97 percent of the dry weight. 2. The moisture content shall be not more than 5 percent. 3. When shipped in bulk, sodium chloride shall contain an anticaking additive. 4. Sodium chloride will be tested in accordance with the requirements of VTM-28. When practicable, samples will be taken at the source from indoor storage or adequately protected outdoor storage at the rate of approximately one sample per 4,000 tons. Samples will not be taken from uncovered storage. When inspection at the source is not practicable or when material is shipped from uncovered storage, samples will be taken at the destination at the time of delivery. When shipments of sodium chloride are made from approved stock at the source, inspection service will be provided when the frequency of shipments makes it economically justified. This inspection will be indicated by the Inspector’s stamp on the shipping or delivery report. When inspection service is not provided, the supplier may ship but shall certify that the material came from an approved source. The certification may be stamped on the shipping or delivery report but shall be signed by an authorized representative of the company. (b) Calcium chloride shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M144. SECTION 240—LIME 240.01—Description These specifications cover lime to be used as a stabilizer or soil conditioner. 240.02—Detail Requirements (a) Hydrated lime shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C207, Type N, except that the average percentage of calcium oxide shall be at least 93. Single test results shall not be below 90 percent. (b) Hydraulic lime shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C141. (c) Agricultural lime: 238 242.02 1. Ground limestone shall be of such fineness that at least 86 percent will pass a No. 20 mesh screen, at least 47 percent will pass a No. 60 mesh screen, and at least 28 percent will pass a No. 100 mesh screen. Material shall have a calcium carbonate equivalent of at least 85 percent. 2. Pulverized limestone shall be of such fineness that at least 90 percent will pass a No. 20 mesh screen and at least 66 percent will pass a No. 100 mesh screen. Material shall have a calcium carbonate equivalent of at least 85 percent. (d) Lime for soil stabilization shall be quicklime or hydrated lime conforming to the requirements of AASHT0 M216. SECTION 241—FLY ASH 241.01—Description These specifications cover fly ash (burnt coal residue) used as an additive in hydraulic cement concrete or as a soil stabilizer. 241.02—Detail Requirements (a) Fly ash used in hydraulic cement concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C618, Class F or Class C. (b) Fly ash used in lime stabilization shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C593. Bulk material may be used as approved by the Engineer. SECTION 242—FENCES 242.01—Description These specifications cover material requirements for fence components used in the construction of chain link, pedestrian, barbed wire, woven wire, and lawn fences and material specifications for temporary silt fences, geotextile fabric silt barriers, and filter barriers used for erosion control. 242.02—Detail Requirements Steel posts and braces for standard fence and chain link fence may be fabricated from pregalvanized material in lieu of galvanization after fabrication provided ends and other areas of exposed metal are satisfactorily repaired using a material conforming to the requirements of Section 233. (a) Chain Link and Pedestrian Fences: Fabric material shall be 9-gage core, new, and shall conform to the following: 239 242.02 1. Galvanized wire fabric for use in chain link fence shall be hot-dip galvanized after weaving in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M181, Type I, Class D, and for use in pedestrian fence shall be hot-dip galvanized after weaving in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M181, Type I, Class C. 2. Aluminum alloy wire fabric shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M181, Type III. 3. Aluminum-coated wire fabric shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M181, Type II. 4. Coated wire fabric: a. Vinyl-coated wire fabric shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M181, Type IV, Class A or Class B, except that vinyl coated may be No. 9 gage overall, including the vinyl coating, provided that the core wire has a minimum zinc coat weight of 0.30 ounce per square foot and a minimum breaking strength of 1,290 pounds force. b. Other conforming organic polymer-coated wire fabric shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F 668 Class 1, Class 2a or 2b. 5. End, corner, and gate posts shall be one of the following: a. welded or seamless steel galvanized pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1083, Schedule 40 b. roll-formed steel sections conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IIA Type A c. aluminum alloy pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IB d. galvanized pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IC, with Type B external coating and Type D internal coating e. vinyl or other conforming organic polymer-coated pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IA, with Type A external and internal coatings f. vinyl or other conforming organic polymer-coated pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IC, with Type B external coating and Type D internal coating 6. Line posts shall be one of the following: a. steel H-columns conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group III, Type A b. round galvanized steel pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1083, Schedule 40 240 242.02 c. roll-formed C-sections conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IIA, Type A d. aluminum alloy H-columns conforming to the requirements of ASTM B221, alloy 6063-T6 e. aluminum alloy pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IB f. galvanized pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IC, with Type B external coating and Type D internal coating g. vinyl or other conforming organic polymer-coated pipe conforming to the requirements of (a)5.e. or (a)5.f. herein 7. Braces shall be one of the following: a. welded or seamless steel galvanized pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1083, Schedule 40 b. roll-formed steel sections conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IIA, Type A c. aluminum alloy pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IB d. galvanized pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1043, Group IC, with Type B external coating and Type D internal coating e. vinyl or other conforming organic polymer-coated pipe conforming to the requirements of (a)5.e. or (a)5.f. herein 8. Gates shall be complete with hinges, latches, stops, and other necessary fittings. Gate frames shall be fabricated and coated with the same material as the adjoining fence framework and fabric. 9. Aluminum alloy post surfaces that will be in contact with concrete and up to 1 inch above concrete shall be uniformly coated with an aluminum-impregnated caulking compound or a solvent asphalt-fiber-filled and aluminum-pigmented coating conforming to the requirements of ASTM D2824, Type III. Care shall be taken to prevent voids in the coating and the smearing of visible surfaces of concrete or posts except as otherwise noted herein. 10. Tension wire shall conform to one of the following: a. aluminum-coated tension wire conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M181 b. zinc-coated tension wire conforming with the requirements of AASHTO M181, Class 1 c. vinyl-coated tension wire conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M181, Class A or Class B. The core wire shall be 6 or 7 gage, with a tolerance of ± 0.005 241 242.02 inch. The minimum weight of the zinc coating shall be 0.40 ounce per square foot. The breaking strength of the core wire shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M181 for tension wire. d. other conforming organic polymer-coated tension wire shall be 6 or 7 gage with a tolerance of ± 0.005 inch and conform to the requirements of ASTM F1664. The breaking strength of the core wire shall conform with the requirements of AASHTO M181 for tension wire. 11. Fittings shall be fabricated and coated with the same material as the fence framework and fabric. 12. Temporary safety fence shall comply with the following requirements: a. The tensile yield determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D638 shall be an average of 2,000 pounds per 4-foot width. b. The ultimate tensile strength determined in accordance with ASTM S 638 shall be an average of 2,900 pounds per 4-foot width. c. The elongation at break shall be greater than 1,000 percent. (b) Barbed Wire Fence, Woven Wire Fence, and Lawn Fence: 1. Barbed wire shall conform to one of the following: a. ASTM A121, Coating Type Z, Coating Class 3 Design Number 12-4-5-14R b. ASTM A121, Coating Type Z, Design Number 15-4-5-16R except that the tensile strength of the line wire shall be at least 475 pounds per strand and the zinc coating shall be at least 0.70 ounce per square foot c. single-strand oval-shaped wire having a diameter of at least 0.08 inch in its least dimension but not more than 0.135 inch in its greatest dimension and a tensile strength of at least 1150 pounds; wire shall have four barbs of 14-gage wire and a zinc coating of at least 0.30 ounce per square foot. d. vinyl and other polymer-coated barbed wire conforming to the requirements of ASTM F1665, Type I 2. Woven wire fence fabric shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M279. Standard FE-W1 woven wire fence fabric shall conform to the requirements of Design No. 1047-6-11, Class 3, or No. 1047-6-12 1/2, Grade 125, Class 3. Standard FE-W2 woven wire fence fabric shall conform to the requirements of Design No. 1047-12-11, Class 3, or No. 1047-12-12 1/2, Grade 125, Class 3. 3. Lawn fence shall be the type shown on the plans, a similar type that will match the existing fence, or a type desired by the landowner and approved by the Engineer. 4. Wood post and braces: 242 242.02 a. Species of wood: Posts and braces for standard fence shall be Southern pine, Ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, Western hemlock, larch, or white or red cedar as defined in AASHTO M168. Locust may be used for woven wire farm fence and barbed wire fence. b. Cutting requirements: Round or square posts and braces shall be cut from live growing trees. c. Seasoning: Posts and braces shall be sufficiently air seasoned in an approved manner for a suitable length of time under favorable climate conditions or otherwise conditioned as part of the treating process to permit adequate penetration of preservative without damage to the wood. d. Peeling: Posts and braces shall have the inner bark removed to the extent defined by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau. Knots and projections shall be cut or shaved smooth and flush with the surrounding surface of the unit. e. End finish: Butt ends of posts shall be sawn square. f. Dimensions: Posts shall not vary from the length specified on the plans by more than 1 inch. Thickness dimensions shall be undressed dimensions and shall not vary from the dimensions shown on the plans by more than 1/4 inch. g. Straightness: Wood posts and braces shall be free from bends in more than one place and free from short or reverse bends. The straightness of the post or brace shall be such that a straight line from the center of the tip to the center of the butt shall not depart from the center of the post by more than 2 percent of the length. h. Grading for square posts and braces: Grading shall conform to the requirements of (b)4.a. herein. i. Preservative treatment: Posts and braces, except cedar and locust, shall be treated with a preservative in accordance with the requirements of Section 236 except that waterborne preservatives shall not be used in the treatment of posts and braces to be erected in marshy areas. Oil-borne preservatives shall not be used where the posts and braces will come into contact with salt water. Cutting and trimming of the ends shall be performed prior to treatment. 5. Metal posts and braces: Post anchor plates shall have a surface area of at least 16 square inches. Posts shall be in accordance with the following: a. Steel posts and braces shall be galvanized and shall conform to the requirements of Section 233. b. Galvanized pipe shall conform to the requirements of (a)5.d. herein. 6. Gates similar in type to those that exist may be substituted for gates shown on the plans or standard drawings if preferred by the landowner and approved by the Engineer. 243 242.02 7. Brace wire shall be 9 gage and shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M279, No. 9, Grade 60, Class 3. (c) Temporary Silt Fences, Geotextile Fabric, Silt Barriers, and Filter Barriers: 1. Geotextile fabric shall conform to the requirements of Section 245. 2. Posts for temporary silt fences shall be a nominal 2 1/2 by 2 1/2 inch or 3 inch diameter No. 2 Southern pine, a nominal 2 by 2 inch oak, or steel having a weight of at least 1.25 pounds per linear foot and a length of at least 5 feet. 3. Supports for temporary filter barriers shall be a nominal 1 by 2 inch or 1 1/2 inch diameter No. 2 Southern Pine or oak or steel having a weight of at least 1.00 pound per linear foot and a length of at least 2.5 feet. SECTION 243—EPOXY-RESIN SYSTEMS 243.01—Description These specifications cover epoxy-resin systems to be used for all applications requiring bonding of various materials or as patching or overlay of concrete slabs. 243.02—Detail Requirements Epoxy-resin materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of Table II–19 and Table II–21. TABLE II–19 Requirements: Component A Type Property EP-3B Max. EP-3T Max. EP-4 Max. EP-5 Max. EP-6 Max. Epoxide equivalent 245 220 225 270 245 (a) Epoxy Systems: 1. Types EP-3B and EP-3T shall be 100 percent reactive high-build coatings designed as a two-coat (minimum) system for protection of concrete exposed to splash zones and tidal water. Type EP-3B shall be the prime or base coat, and Type EP-3T shall be the finish or topcoat. 2. Types EP-4, EP-5, and EP-6 shall be moisture-insensitive systems designed for structural bonding, sealing, and grouting of dry, damp, or wet structural material free from standing water. Mortar shall be prepared by mixing 3 1/4 parts by volume of loose oven-dried sand to 1 part of premixed Type EP-4 or EP-5 epoxy; however, Type EP-6 shall be mixed on a 1:1 ratio. Mortars shall be mixed to a uniform consistency. 244 245 1 4 100 30 10 or 20 40 20 3,000 0.8 – – 65 Max. 4 20 150 3,000 – – 0.8 – – 65 Max. 6.0 10 or 20 40 10 – – – 40 Min. EP-3T Gray 20 – – 1 3.0 20 3 3,000 7,000 40 0.5 0.8 3 – 55 Max. 6,000 3,000 35 Min. EP-4 Straw 10 – – 5 – 3.0 20 3 – 25 0.5 0.8 15 – 35 Max. 4,000 2,000 35 Min. EP-51 Straw Epoxy system EP-5LV shall have the same requirements as epoxy system EP-5 except that the viscosity shall be less than 9.0 poises. Volatile content (max. %) Speed Spindle No. Poises Viscosity Ash content (%) Bond strength: (7 day) Hardened concrete to hardened concrete or fresh concrete (psi min.) – – Water absorption (Max. %) Strength (psi, 48 hr, wet) (min.) – Tensile elongation (%) at 75°F – – Tensile strength (psi) at 75°F 2-in Cubes, compressive strength (psi, 24 hr, dry) (min.) 40 Min. EP-3B Red Pot life at 75°F Property TABLE II–21 Requirements: Mixed Epoxy Systems – 5 – 5 – 3.0 Gel 3,000 – 15 0.8 15 – 30 Max. 4,000 1,500 20 Min. EP-6 Lt. Straw – – 30 – 20.0 5.0 0.8 – – 40 Max. 2,500 400 20 Min. CTE Black 243.02 243.02 Type EP-4 shall be a high-modulus, rigid, general purpose adhesive with a tensile elongation of 1 to 3 percent. Type EP-4, low viscosity, shall be used to seal rigid cracks. Type EP-5 shall be a low-modulus patching, sealing, and overlay adhesive with an elongation of at least 10 percent. When used as a penetrating sealer and to repair nonrigid cracks, Type EP-5 shall be of a low viscosity. Type EP-6 shall be a low-modulus, nonsagging, flexible adhesive with an elongation of at least 5 percent. Type EP-6 shall be used for bonding or repairing damp and underwater surfaces where a nonsagging, low-modulus material is required. (b) Classes: Epoxy resin shall be formulated for use at specific temperatures. Three classes of systems are defined according to the range of temperatures for which they are suited. The controlling temperature shall be that of the surface of the hardened concrete to which the bonding system is applied. Where unusual curing rates are desired and upon the approval of the Engineer, a class of bonding agent may be used at a temperature other than that for which it is normally intended. The class and gel temperature shall be as follows: 1. Class A: for use with ambient air and surface temperatures less than 40 degrees F 2. Class B: for use with ambient air and surface temperatures greater than or equal to 40 degrees F and less than or equal to 60 degrees F 3. Class C: for use with ambient air and surface temperatures greater than 60 degrees F (c) Mixing Epoxy: Epoxy resin shall be furnished in two components for combining in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions immediately prior to use. Component A shall contain a condensation product of epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table II–19. Component B shall contain one or more hardening agents that when mixed with Component A will cause the system to polymerize and harden to conform to the requirements specified in Table II–21. If the mixture proportion of Component A to Component B exceeds 2:1, only complete units as packaged by the manufacturer shall be used. Contents of the separate packages containing Component A and Component B shall be thoroughly stirred prior to use. The same paddle shall not be used to stir Component A that is used to stir Component B. The Contractor shall dispose of solvents used for cleaning in accordance with applicable policies and procedures of the Virginia Department of Waste Management. Components A and B shall be stored between 65 degrees F and 80 degrees F for at least 2 hours before use. Epoxy components may be heated in hot water or by indirect heat prior to mixing to bring them to the required temperature. Solvents and thinners shall not be used except for cleaning equipment. Mixing of epoxy components shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. When mineral fillers are specified, they shall be inert and nonsettling or readily dispersible. Materials showing a permanent increase in viscosity or the settling of pigments that cannot 246 243.04 TABLE II–22 Fine Aggregate (Silica Sand) Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Sieve Opening) (% by Weight) Grading No. 8 No.16 No. 20 D E Min 100 Min 100 30-70 99 ± 1 95 ± 5 No. 30 No. 40 Max 5 No. 100 Max 1 Max 10 Grading D aggregate shall be used in Class I waterproofing and other skid-resistant applications. Grading E aggregate shall be used in epoxy patching mortars and loop detector sealants. Aggregates shall be oven dried. be readily dispersed with a paddle shall be replaced at the Contractor’s expense. At least 95 percent of the filler shall pass the No. 300 sieve. (d) Aggregates: Aggregate for surface application work shall be nonfriable, nonpolishing, clean, and free from surface moisture. Silica sand having a well-rounded particle shape shall be used. Aggregates that will be exposed to traffic shall have a Mohs scale hardness of at least 7. In surface applications, the aggregate shall be applied on the epoxy surface in excess of the amount necessary to cover the surface, shall be sprinkled or dropped vertically in such a manner that the level of epoxy mixture is not disturbed, and shall be applied within 5 minutes after application of the epoxy. At temperatures below 70 degrees F, a maximum of 10 minutes will be allowed. The grading analysis of the fine aggregate (silica sand) shall conform to the requirements of Table II–22. 243.03—Handling and Storing Materials The two components of the epoxy-resin system shall be furnished in separate containers that are nonreactive with the materials. The size of the containers shall be such that the recommended proportions of the final mixture can be obtained by combining one container of Component A with one container of Component B. The size of the container shall be not more than 10 gallons. When less than one complete unit is used, each component shall be measured within ±2 percent of the volume required. Batches of less than 6 fluid ounces shall be measured within ±1 percent. Containers shall be identified as “Component A—Contains Epoxy Resin” and “Component B—Contains Hardener” and shall show the type, class, and mixing directions. Each container shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer; class, batch, or lot number; date of packaging; date of shelf life expiration; pigmentation, if any; and the quantity contained in pounds and gallons. 243.04—Acceptance Shipments of less than 15 gallons may be accepted upon certification. The Contractor shall submit a certification from the manufacturer that Components A and B conform to these specifications. The certification shall consist of a statement by the manufacturer that Components A and B have been sampled and tested. The certification shall be signed by an authorized agent of the manufacturer and contain actual results of tests performed in accordance with the methods specified herein. For shipments of 15 gallons or more, at least one random test sample of each component from each batch or lot number will be taken by the Department. The quantity of Component A required to react 247 243.04 with 1 quart of Component B will be a sufficient sample for the tests specified. Components shall be furnished in as few different batches or lots as possible. Tests will be performed in accordance with the following methods: Characteristics Viscosity Epoxide equivalent Volatile content Filler content Ash content Pot life Tensile strength Bond strength Compressive strength Water absorption Thermal shear Test Method VTM-115, Model DV-II Brookfield Viscometer VTM-115 test conditions: Determinations to be made at: Class A, 32°F Class B, 50°F Class C, 77°F ASTM D1652 ASTM D1259, Method B, for mixed system ASTM D1259 test conditions: Sample cured 4 days at room temperature and weighed on previously weighed metal foil. AASHTO T-111, on Component A ASTM D482 AASHTO T237 AASHTO T237 test conditions: Determinations to be made at: Class A , 32°F Class B, 50°F Class C, 75°F ASTM D638 VTM-41 VTM-41 ASTM D570 VTM-42 SECTION 244—ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS 244.01—Description These specifications cover the various materials, such as fertilizers, seeds, plants, sod, and mulch, for use in landscaping and materials used for soil retention to help prevent erosion. 244.02—Detail Requirements (a) Herbicides: Herbicides shall be registered with the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in accordance with the Virginia Pesticide Law and shall be supplied in the manufacturer’s containers clearly labeled as to the composition, brand, and name and address of the manufacturer. 248 244.02 1. Herbicide for control of broadleaf weeds shall contain at least 3 pounds of 2,4-D as an oil-soluble, water-emulsifiable amine salt. It shall have a shelf life of at least 2 years and shall be homogeneous with slight agitation. The type of amine salt and the actual acid equivalent per gallon shall be shown on the container. 2. Herbicide for stump treatment shall be dicamba CST and shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s registered label. (b) Topsoil: 1. Class A topsoil: Class A topsoil shall be stockpiled topsoil that has been salvaged in accordance with the requirements of Section 303.04(a). It shall be the original layer of the soil profile formed under natural conditions, technically defined as the “A” horizon or as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA–NRCS) Soil Survey Division. It shall be free from refuse and any other materials toxic to plant growth and subsoil, stumps, viable noxious weeds, roots, brush, rocks, clay lumps, or similar objects larger than 3 inches in any dimension. 2. Class B topsoil: Class B topsoil shall be topsoil furnished from sources outside the project limits and shall be the original top layer of a soil profile formed under natural conditions, technically defined as the “A” horizon or as defined by USDA–NRCS Soil Survey Division. It shall consist of natural, friable, loamy soil without admixtures of subsoil or other foreign materials and shall be free of viable noxious weed seed, plant propagules, brush, rocks or other litter, and rocks greater than 3 inches in any dimension. It shall have demonstrated by evidence of healthy vegetation growing or having grown on it prior to stripping that it is well drained and does not contain substances toxic to plants. The Contractor shall submit a source of materials for topsoil on the project prior to use. The Department reserves the right to reject any topsoil material not complying with the requirements of this specification. The allowable pH range for Class B topsoil for use in establishing sod or turf shall be 5.5 to 7.0. Class B topsoil shall be a “sandy loam,” “loamy sand,” or “sandy clay loam” soil as defined by the USDA Soil Textural Classification System with an organic matter content between 1 and 8 percent or as approved in writing by the Engineer. 3. Testing and documentation: The Contractor shall submit the following test reports to the Engineer for Class B topsoil prior to use. Testing shall be completed by an independent commercial soils testing laboratory: a) Soil analysis of topsoil including pH factor, mechanical analysis (composition), salinity, percentage of organic content, and soil classification based thereon. b) Recommendations on type and quantity of additives required to establish a satisfactory pH and bring the supply of nutrients to a level satisfactory for sustaining turf and/or for use as a soil mix for planting if applicable. (c) Seeds: Kinds and varieties of seeds shall be delivered to the project in separate sacks bearing a green seed label denoting that the seed was inspected and approved by the Virginia 249 244.02 Crop Improvement Association. Open bags will not be accepted for use. Seeds shall be mixed under the observation of the Engineer on the project or at other approved locations. Seeds shall comply with applicable state and federal seed laws and contract requirements. Seed shall not be used until approved by the Engineer. Seed shall be subject to inspection by Virginia State Seed Regulatory Inspectors of the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Seed tests shall be completed within the 9-month period prior to the beginning of the area scheduled seeding period during which the seed is to be used. Seed shall not be or have been stored in an enclosure where herbicides, kerosene, or other material detrimental to seed germination is stored. Noxious weed seeds, as defined by the rules and regulations adopted for enforcement of the Virginia Seed Law, will not be permitted. The number of restricted noxious weed seeds shall be not more than the number per ounce or per pound of noxious weed seeds specified in the rules and regulations of the Virginia Seed Law. The tag from each sack of seed shall be signed by the Contractor and delivered to the Engineer after each sack is completely used. (d) Fertilizers: Fertilizer shall be uniform in composition, free flowing, and suitable for application with approved equipment. The fertilizer shall be delivered to the project in bags or other convenient containers, each fully labeled, and shall conform to all applicable state and federal laws and regulations. Additional nutrients shall be added only when specified in the contract documents or in accordance with the provisions of Section 109.05. Fertilizer shall be subject to testing by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The Department reserves the right to reject fertilizer materials that do not comply with the requirements of these specifications or to be compensated in an amount as decided by the Engineer for failure of complying with the requirements of the Virginia Fertilizer Law. Other fertilizer products and rates may be substituted with the prior written approval from the Engineer. A copy of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) shall be provided to the Department for each type of fertilizer supplied with each fertilizer delivery. Any fertilizer delivery that is not accompanied by the appropriate MSDS will be rejected. 1. Fertilizer for seeding, sodding, sprigging, and plugging shall have a guaranteed 1-21 ratio and a nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) analysis as detailed in the plans with a minimum 30 percent of the nitrogen from a slow release or slowly soluble source with the remainder of the nitrogen from urea or ammonium nitrate. The following types of slow release or slowly soluble nitrogen fertilizers may be used: urea formaldehyde (UF) (ureaform, methylene urea, and methylene diurea/dimethylene triurea); isobutylidene diurea (IBDU); sulfur-coated urea (SCU); and polycoated urea (PCU). UF products shall have a minimum activity index of 40 percent. The IBDU minimum size guide number shall be 230. All UF and IBDU products shall indicate the slow release/slowly available nitrogen source on the fertilizer analysis label as water-insoluble nitrogen. PCU and SCU shall have a minimum 3-month release duration for the total product. The phosphorous content of the fertilizer shall be triple superphosphate or diamonnium phosphate. The potassium content of the fertilizer shall be potassium 250 244.02 chloride, commonly known as muriate of potash. Slow release or slowly soluble fertilizers may be applied with a hydraulic seeder except for SCU. Fertilizer shall be applied in accordance with the requirements of Section 603. 2. Fertilizer for planting plants shall have a guaranteed 1-2-1 ratio and a 15-30-15 analysis with a minimum of 40 to 50 percent of the nitrogen from one of the following slow release or slowly soluble sources, with the remainder of the nitrogen from urea or ammonium nitrate:soluble UF, SCU, and PCU. The UF products shall have a minimum activity index of 40 percent. SCU and PCU shall have a minimum 3-month release duration for the total product. Slow release or slowly soluble fertilizers shall be applied as a dry surface application as shown in the Department’s Road and Bridge Standards, Volume II, Landscape Section. (e) Lime: Lime shall be agricultural grade ground limestone. Agricultural grade pulverized or pelletized lime products may be substituted at no additional cost to the Department. The material source shall be registered with and approved by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in accordance with the Virginia Agricultural Lime Law and shall conform to the requirements of Section 240. All lime shall be subject to testing by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Other lime products may be substituted with approval from the Engineer. (f) Inoculating Bacteria for Treating Leguminous Seeds: Bacteria shall be a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria selected for maximum vitality. Cultures shall be not more than 1 year old and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. (g) Mulch: Mulch shall conform to the following unless otherwise approved in writing by the Engineer: 1. Mulch for seeding (vegetative) shall consist of dry straw or hay, free from noxious weeds. Mulch shall be reasonably bright in color and shall not be musty, moldy, caked, decayed, or dusty. 2. Wood cellulose fiber mulch for hydraulic seeding shall consist of specially prepared wood cellulose processed into a uniform fibrous physical state. Mulch shall be dyed green or contain a green dye in the package that will provide an appropriate color to facilitate visual inspection of the uniformly spread slurry. Mulch, including dye, shall not contain germination-inhibiting or growth-inhibiting factors. Mulch shall be manufactured and processed so that it will remain in uniform suspension in water under agitation and will blend with seed, fertilizer, and other additives to form a homogeneous slurry. Mulch shall form a blotterlike ground cover, on application, having moisture absorption and percolation properties and shall cover and hold grass seed in contact with the soil without inhibiting the growth of grass seedlings. Field and equipment performance determinations by the Department shall be prerequisites for the approval of a source of supply for mulch. The manufacturer shall provide certification that the mulch conforms to the following: 251 244.02 Property Value Fiber or particle size Length Thickness or diameter Net dry weight content (VTM-47) pH range (TAPPI T509 or ASTM D 778) Ash content (TAPPI T413 or ASTM D 586) Water-holding capacity (VTM-46) To approximately 0.39 inch (10 mm) Approximately 0.04 inch (1 mm) Minimum stated on bag 4.0 to 8.5 Maximum 7.0% Minimum 90% Mulch shall not contain elements or compounds at concentration levels that will be phytotoxic. In addition to making field performance determinations, the Department may sample and perform such other tests on mulch to ensure that it conforms to these specifications. Only those materials that have been evaluated by the Department and that appear on its list of approved sources of supply will be accepted. Mulch shall be delivered in packages of uniform weight bearing the name of the manufacturer, the net weight, and an additional statement of the net dry weight content. 3. Wood chips processed from clearing and grubbing operations may be used for mulch on seeded areas as directed by the Engineer. Wood chips shall be not more than 3/8 inch in thickness or 6 square inches in area. 4. Mulch for individual planting pits and planting beds shall be double-shredded hardwood mulch aged for at least 1 year and brown in color. A representative sample shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to delivery to the work site. (h) Sod: Sod shall be cultivated material conforming to the requirements of the State Board of Agriculture for state-approved sod or the State Sod Certification Agency for state-certified sod. Root development shall be such that standard size pads will support their own weight and retain their size and shape when suspended vertically from a firm grasp on the uppermost 10 percent of the area. The top growth of sod shall be mowed so that the height of the grass will be 2 to 3 inches at the time of the stripping operation. Sod may be furnished in any standard pad width and length provided the dimensions do not vary from the average by more than 5 percent. Sod shall be machine stripped at a uniform soil thickness of at least 1 inch. Broken, torn, or irregularly shaped pads will be rejected. (i) Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Other Plants: The botanical and common name of plants shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standardized Plant Names, prepared by the Editorial Committee of the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature in effect on the date of the Notice of Advertisement. 1. Quality and size: Plants shall conform to the requirements of the current American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z-60.1) by the American Nursery and Landscape Association and these specifications. Plants shall be representative of their normal species and varieties; shall have well-furnished branch systems and vigorous fibrous root systems characteristic of their respec252 244.02 tive kinds; shall be grown in a state-approved, certified nursery; and shall bear evidence of proper nursery care, including adequate transplanting and root pruning. Plants shall comply with state and federal laws governing inspection for plant diseases and insect infestation and shall be free from insect pests, plant diseases, disfiguring knots, stubs, sunscald, bark abrasions, or any other form of damage or objectionable disfigurements. When a minimum and maximum size or range is specified, an average size shall be furnished. Plants shall not be pruned before delivery or cut back from larger sizes to conform to the sizes specified. Sizes furnished shall be those specified at the time of delivery and before the usual pruning at the time of planting. Nursery-grown trees shall be free from cuts of limbs that are not healed and cuts more than 3/4 inch that have not completely callused over. Plants from cold storage will not be accepted. Deciduous plants, except those grown in containers, shall be dormant when planted. 2. Digging and protection: Digging shall be in accordance with the current American Standards for Nursery Stock and done in a manner that will avoid damage to or loss of roots, but roots that are cut shall be cleanly cut. Balled and burlapped plants shall be properly dug and protected to preserve the natural earth in contact with the roots. Manufactured balls or processed balls will not be accepted. Balls shall be firmly wrapped and tied with approved materials. Balled plants will not be accepted if the ball is broken, cracked, or loose. After plants are dug, their roots shall be protected from damage. Roots of bare root plants shall be kept moist at all times. Bare root plants shall be further protected by wrapping in wet straw, moss, burlap, or other approved material. 3. Plantable pots: In lieu of using burlap with balled plants, plants may be dug as specified herein and placed in plantable pots. Pots shall be constructed of organic, biodegradable material that will readily decompose in soil and shall not be smaller in any dimension than the size specified for balled and burlapped root systems. At the time of planting, the lip or rim of pots shall be broken away, and drainage holes shall be provided as directed. Plants with balls that have been grown in pots or with loose stems will be rejected. 4. Container-grown plants: In addition to the requirements of the American National Standard for Nursery Stock, container-grown plants shall conform to the following: a. The space between the rim or top of the container and the soil line within the container shall not be more than 1 1/2 inches for the 1-gallon and 2-gallon sizes and not more than 2 1/2 inches for the 5-gallon size. b. Encircling roots shall not have grown in such a manner that they will cause girdling of the trunk or stems. c. Roots shall have been grown in the soil medium for a minimum of 6 months extending to the limits of the container on all sides and from top to bottom. 5. Collected plants: Collected plants from wild or native stands shall not be used without the written permission of the Engineer unless specified on the plans. Wild or native plants shall be clean, sound stock and free from injury, and the quality of the plants shall be similar to that specified for nursery-grown material. Stock shall have sufficient 253 244.02 root systems to ensure successful transplanting. Balls, when specified, shall be tight and well formed. 6. Clumps: Clumps shall be dug from good soil that has produced a fibrous root system typical of the nature of the plant and shall have earth and incidental vegetation adhering to roots. (j) Miscellaneous Planting Materials: 1. Twine for wrapping balled and burlapped trees shall be made of an organic material, biodegradable twine, at least two-ply. 2. Composted yard waste shall be dark brown or black in color and consist of decomposed leaves, branches, and grass clippings. Prior to delivery, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, a sample of the composted yard waste and a test report from an independent laboratory verifying that the material conforms to the following analysis: • pH = 5.5 dry–8.0 wet • Moisture Content = 35%–45% • Particle Size = Pass through a 1-inch screen or smaller • Stability = Stable to highly stable, thereby providing nutrients for plant growth • Maturity/Growth Screening = Aged (cured) for a minimum of 6 months, reach thermophilic (113–158 degrees F) temperature ranges following a minimum of two successive turnings of the compost, and pass maturity tests or demonstrate its ability to enhance plant growth • Soluble Salt Concentration = 3.0 dS/m (mmhos/cm) or less • Nutrient Content: Nitrogen = 0.5%–3.5% • Phosphorous = 0.2–4.0% • Potassium = 0.3%–2.0% • Density = Not more than 1,250 pounds per cubic yard. The Contractor shall submit the following information to the Engineer 30 days prior to the date the compost is shipped to the construction site: a. A vendor’s certificate or affidavit attesting that the “Composted Yard Waste” complies with the requirements of this specification. b. A test report from an independent certified laboratory verifying that the material complies with the requirements for use as specified by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and United States Environmental Protection Agency/40 254 244.02 CFR Part 503 Regulations February 1993 with regard to heavy metal content and restrictive use of biosolids. c. A 2-gallon sample of the material for visual inspection. In addition, the test report shall indicate that the compost material is free of viable weed seed, plant propagules, and harmful pathogens. Non-organic materials such as concrete, plastic, metal, glass, paper products, chemically treated plywood, plywood, pressboard, and organic pine by-products will not be accepted. The Engineer reserves the right at any time to test and reject compost material that does not comply with the requirements of this specification. Other compost products may be substituted with the written approval of the Engineer. 3. Hoticultural Grade Perlite shall be a fine-to-medium grade, non-organic volcanic mineral identified as Perl-Lome having closed air cells and surface cavities, expanded to form a granular, snow-white material, 5 to 20 times its original volume. Perlite shall have a weight of 5 to 8 pounds per cubic foot. Prior to delivery, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, a sample of the perlite and a manufacturer’s test report or product certification verifying that the material complies with the following analysis and gradation: pH = 6.5 to 7.5 Nutrient Content = Sterile. Perlite Gradation Standard Sieve or Micron Size Fine Medium +16 mesh +100 mesh 10% maximum 60% minimum 60% maximum 85% minimum 4. Burlap used for wrapping the tree ball shall be made of an organic biodegradable material. 5. Water used in watering plants shall be obtained from fresh water sources and shall be free from chemicals and other toxic substances harmful to plants. Brackish water shall not be used. The source of water will be subject to the approval of the Engineer. 6. Staking and guying materials shall be 14-gage galvanized steel wire. Hose shall be corded rubber, 1/2 inch or 3/4 inch, and solid green in color. Turnbuckles shall be galvanized steel or zinc-coated steel. Stakes for anchoring trees and shrubs shall be 2 inch by 2 inch rough dressed hardwood in the appropriate length and reasonably free of knots. Trees and shrubs shall be anchored in accordance with Section 1200 of the Department’s Road and Bridge Standards unless otherwise indicated on the plans. Other staking, guying, and anchoring methods and materials specifically designed for securing trees and shrubs may be substituted with prior approval in writing from the Engineer or as designated on the plans. 7. Below-ground tree anchors shall be below-grade steel stabilizers capable of fixing the root ball in place until the tree has established itself in place. Prior to ordering material, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer manufacturer’s product data for the type of anchoring system he proposes to supply for review. 255 244.02 8. Tree protection tubes shall be constructed from flexible UV-inhibited polyethylene, polypropylene, or similar material designed to speed photosynthesis, promote seedling growth, and reduce planting stress by trapping moisture, thereby raising relative humidity and ambient temperature inside the tube. Tree tubes shall protect the tree seedlings from animals, wind desiccation, small rodents, chemical sprays, and insects. The design of the tree tubes shall not be detrimental to the establishment and growth of the seedling or young tree. Tree tube designs shall be capable of accommodating tree growth for at least 3 years after planting. (k) Soil Retention Coverings: 1. Jute mesh shall be a uniform, open, plain weave of undyed and unbleached single layer jute yarn. The yarn shall be loosely twisted and shall not vary in thickness by more than its normal diameter. Jute mesh shall be new, and its length shall be marked on each roll. Between strands lengthwise, openings shall be 0.60 inch ± 25 percent. Between strands crosswise, openings shall be 0.90 inch ± 25 percent. Jute mesh shall weigh 0.9 pound per square yard ± 5 percent. 2. Soil retention mats shall consist of a machine-produced mat of wood fibers, wood excelsior, or manmade fiber that shall intertwine or interlock. Matting shall be nontoxic to vegetation and germination of seed and shall not be injurious to the unprotected skin of the human body. Mats shall be of consistent thickness, with fiber evenly distributed over its entire area, and covered on the top and bottom side with netting having a high web strength or covered on the top side with netting having a high web strength and machine sewn on 2inch centers along the longitudinal axis of the material. Netting shall be entwined with the mat for maximum strength and ease of handling. 3. Soil stabilization mats shall be from the Department’s approved products list for the site conditional use(s) specified. (l) Fencing and Steel Posts for Protection of Landscape: When specified on the plans, fencing to delineate areas of landscaping to be protected shall be 40 inches in height, international orange, high-visibility, plastic (polyethylene) web fencing. Fence posts shall be conventional metal “T” or “U” posts 6 feet in length. The plastic fencing shall be securely fastened to the posts in a manner approved by the Engineer. The plastic fencing shall have the following physical qualities: Tensile Yield = Average 2,000 pounds per 4-foot width (ASTM D 638) Ultimate Tensile Yield = Average 2,900 pounds per 4-foot width (ASTM D 638) Elongation at Break (%) = Greater than 1000% (ASTM D 638) Chemical Resistance = Inert to most chemicals and acids. Other fencing materials may be specified for use in accordance with the requirements of Section 507 or as noted on the plans and specifications or as approved by the Engineer. 256 245.03 SECTION 245—GEOSYNTHETICS 245.01—Description These specifications cover artificial fiber textile products to be used in transportation construction work. 245.02—Detail Requirements Geosynthetics shall include a label that clearly shows the manufacturer or supplier name, style name, and roll number. The shipping document shall include documentation to comply with the requirements of Section 245.03. Each geosynthetic roll shall be wrapped or otherwise packaged in a manner that will protect the geosynthetic, including the ends of the roll, from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, and contaminants. The protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods of shipment and storage. During storage, geosynthetics rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site construction damage; precipitation; extended ultraviolet radiation including sunlight; chemicals that are strong acids or strong bases; flames including welding sparks; temperatures in excess of 160 degrees F; and other environmental conditions that may damage the physical property values of the geosynthetic. Geosynthetics that are not properly protected may be subject to rejection. 245.03—Testing and Documentation Each geosynthetic material provided to the project shall be tested by the Contractor to determine conformance with the material properties specified herein within 24 months of submission. Test results reported from AASHTO’s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program—Laboratory Results of Evaluations on Geotextile and Geosynthetics may be used. The Contractor shall provide certification of the material in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M288, Section 4, Certification, and copies of the test results. The Contractor’s testing, however, will not be the sole basis for acceptance. The Department will sample and test the geosynthetics for acceptance to verify conformance with this specification. Sampling shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4354, Procedure C. In the absence of the Department’s testing, acceptance may be based on the manufacturer’s certifications as a result of testing by the manufacturer of quality assurance samples obtained using the procedure for ASTM D4354 Procedure B Sampling for Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance (MQA) Testing. A lot size shall be considered to be the shipment quantity of the given product or a truckload of the given product, whichever is smaller. Property values, with the exception of apparent opening size (AOS) and panel vertical strain, in these specifications represent minimum average roll values (MARV) in the weakest principal direction (i.e., average test results of any roll in a lot sampled for conformance or quality assurance testing shall meet or exceed the minimum values provided herein). Values for AOS and panel vertical strain represent maximum average roll values. 257 245.03 Tests shall be performed in accordance with the methods referenced in this specification for the indicated application. The number of specimens to test per sample is specified by each test method. Geotextile product acceptance shall be based on conformance to the requirements of ASTM D4759. Product acceptance is determined by comparing the average test results of specimens in a given sample to the specification MARV. (a) Geotextile Fabric for Use in Silt Fences, Silt Barriers, or Filter Barriers: Geotextile shall function as a vertical; permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland water flow. Fabric shall filter and retain soil particles from sediment-laden water to prevent eroding soil from being transported off the construction site by water runoff. Fabric shall contain ultraviolet inhibitors and stabilizers to provide at least 6 months of expected, usable construction life at a temperature of 0 degrees F to 125 degrees F. The tensile strength of the material after 6 months of installation shall be at least 50 percent of the initial strength. Physical Property Test Method Filtering efficiency Flow rate VTM-51 VTM-51 Requirements Min. 75% Min. 0.2 gal/ft2/min In addition to these requirements, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 for temporary silt fence property requirements, Table 6, for grab strength and ultraviolet stability. (b) Geotextile for Use as Riprap Bedding Material: Geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 for separation geotextile properties, Table 3, for apparent opening size and ultraviolet stability and geotextile strength property requirements, Table 1, Class 2, for grab strength and puncture strength. (c) Geotextile Fabric for Use in Drainage Systems (Drainage Fabric): Drainage fabric shall be nonwoven and clog resistant, suitable for subsurface application, and thermally and biologically stable. The geotextile shall retain at least 75 percent of its ultimate strength when subjected to substances having a pH of a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 12 for a period of 24 hours. Physical Property Permittivity Apparent opening size Test Method ASTM D4491 ASTM D4751 Requirements Min. 0.5 sec-1 Max. No. 50 sieve In addition to these requirements, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 for strength requirements, Table 1, Class 3, for grab strength. (d) Geotextile for Use in Stabilization: These are geotextiles used in saturated and/or unstable conditions to provide the functions of separation and reinforcement. 258 245.03 1. Subgrade Stabilization Fabric: Physical Property Apparent opening size Test Method ASTM D 4751 Requirements Max. No. 20 sieve In addition to this requirement, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M 288 for strength property requirements, Table 1, Class 3, for grab strength, tear strength, and puncture strength. 2. Embankment Stabilization Fabric Up to 6 Feet High: Physical Property Apparent opening size Seam strength Test Method ASTM D 4751 ASTM D 4632 Requirements Max. No. 20 sieve 90% specified grab strength In addition to this requirement, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 for strength property requirements, Table 1, Class 1 for grab strength, tear strength, and puncture strength. (e) Prefabricated Geocomposite Pavement Underdrain: Prefabricated geocomposite pavement underdrain shall consist of a polymeric drainage core encased in a nonwoven filter fabric envelope having sufficient flexibility to withstand bending and handling without damage. Prefabricated geocomposite pavement underdrain shall conform to the following: 1. Core: The drainage core shall be made from an inert, polymeric material resistant to commonly encountered chemicals and substances in the pavement environment and shall have a thickness of not less than 3/4 inch. Physical Property Test Method Requirements Compressive strength panel vertical strain and core area change Panel vertical strain and core area change at 22.7 psi Water flow rate) after 100 hr at 10 psi normal confining pressure gradient of no more than 0.1) ASTM D1621/D2412 Min. 40 psi at 20% deflection ASTM D6244 Max. 10% for core area and panel height ASTM D4716 Min. 15 gal/min/ft width for 12-in specimen length The core shall retain at least 75 percent of its ultimate strength when subjected to temperatures of 0 degree F and 125 degrees F, respectively, for a period of 24 hours. 2. Filter Fabric: Geotextile shall be bonded to and tightly stretched over the core. Geotextile shall not sag or block the flow channels, shall have a life equivalent to that of the core material, and shall conform to the requirements of (c) herein. 259 245.03 (f) Geocomposite Wall Drains: Geocomposite wall drains may be used as an alternative to porous backfill when permitted by the Engineer. Geocomposite wall drains will not be permitted for use with walls considered critical by the Engineer. Critical walls shall include walls over 15 feet in height and walls supporting bridge abutments or other structures on spread footings. Prefabricated geocomposite wall drain shall consist of a polymeric drainage core encased in a nonwoven filter fabric envelope having sufficient flexibility to withstand bending and handling without damage. Geocomposite wall drains shall conform to the following: 1. Core: The drainage core shall be made from an inert, polymeric material resistant to commonly encountered chemicals and substances in the roadway. Physical Property Test Method Compressive strength at 20% deflection Water flow rate (after 100 hr at 10 psi normal confining pressure and gradient of no more than 0.1) ASTM D1621/D2412 ASTM D4716 Requirements Min. 40 psi Min. 15 gal/min/ft width (for 12-in specimen length) The core shall retain at least 75 percent of its ultimate strength when subjected to temperatures of 0 degree F and 125 degrees F for a period of 24 hours. 2. Filter Fabric: Geotextile shall be bonded to and tightly stretched over the core. Geotextile shall not sag or block the flow channels, shall have a life equivalent to that of the core material, and shall conform to the requirements of (c) herein. (g) Geomembrane Moisture Barrier: Geomembrane moisture barrier shall be resistant to biological attack. Geomembrane shall be constructed of PVC, shall have a thickness of 30 mils, and shall conform to the requirements of the PVC Geomembrane Institute 1197 material specification for PVC geomembrane or shall conform to the following requirements: Physical Property Thickness Tensile (1-in strip) Tear (Die C) Puncture Test Method ASTM D5199 ASTM D882 ASTM D1004 ASTM D4833 Requirements Min. 30 mils Min. 130 kip/ft Min. 200 lbf Min. 620 lbf (h) Dewatering Bag: A nonwoven geotextile sewn together to form a bag that can be used in lieu of a de-watering basin for the purpose of filtering out suspended soil particles. The bag shall be capable of accommodating the water flow from the pump without leaking at the spout and seams. 260 246.02 Physical Property Grab strength @ Elongation >50%(CRE/Dry) Seam strength Puncture Mullen burst Flow rate Permittivity UV resistance AOS (i) Test Method Requirements ASTM D4632 Min. 250 lb (min) ASTM D4632 ASTM D4833 ASTM D3786 ASTM D4491 ASTM D4491 ASTM D4355 ASTM D4751 90% Specified grab strength Min. 150 lb Min. 450 psi Min. 0.189 ft3/sec/ft2(min) Min. 1.2 sec-1 Min. 70% at 500 hr Max. 100 sieve Paving Geosynthetics: Paving geosynthetics shall be used as an interlayer between pavement layers. Specific application of these paving geosynthetics shall be determined by the Engineer. 1. Geotextile Paving Fabric: The geotextile shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M288 Paving Fabric Property Requirements, Section 9. 2. Pavement Reinforcing Mat: The geotextile shall meet the requirements of ASTM D7239 Geosynthetic Paving Mat, Type 1. SECTION 246—PAVEMENT MARKING 246.01—Description These specifications cover material for use in the various retroreflective pavement-marking applications. 246.02—Detail Requirements Materials that must be heated for application shall not exude fumes that are toxic or injurious to persons or property when heated to the application temperature. Materials shall withstand air and roadway temperature variations from 0 degrees F to 140 degrees F without deforming, bleeding, staining, or discoloring and shall maintain their original dimensions and placement without chipping, spalling, or cracking. Material shall not deteriorate because of contact with sodium chloride, calcium chloride, mild alkalies and acids, or other ice control materials; oil in the pavement material; or oil and gasoline drippings from vehicles. (a) White and Yellow Pavement Marking Material: White pavement marking material shall be equivalent in color to Federal Standard (FS) Color No. 595-17886, and yellow pavement marking material shall be equivalent in color to FS Color No. 595-33538. Color determination will be made for markings, and the diffuse daytime color of the markings shall conform to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for liquid marking materials will be made 261 246.02 without drop-on beads at least 24 hours after application. Color determination for thermoplastic will be made in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T250. CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits (Initial without Drop-on Beads) 1 Color x 2 y 3 x y Daytime Luminance Factor Y (%) 4 x y x y Min. Max. White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 — (Types A; B, Classes I, II, III, F) Yellow 0.493 0.473 0.518 0.464 0.486 0.428 0.469 0.452 50.0 60.0 (Types A; B, Classes II, III; F except thermoplastic) Yellow 0.499 0.466 0.545 0.455 0.518 0.432 0.485 0.454 40.0 60.0 (Types B, Class I; Type F if thermoplastic) Color readings will be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65. The retained daytime color of markings shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate limits when measured on a beaded marking after a period of 90 days for construction pavement markings and 1 year for all other markings: CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits (Retained) 1 2 3 4 Color x y x y x y x y White Yellow 0.355 0.560 0.355 0.440 0.305 0.490 0.305 0.510 0.285 0.420 0.325 0.440 0.335 0.460 0.375 0.400 Retained color readings will be determined using a 0 degrees/45 degrees Hunter Labminiscan Spectro-Colorimeter or equivalent instrument in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65. The initial nighttime color of yellow thermoplastic and yellow epoxy pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate requirements when tested in accordance with VTM-111: 262 246.02 CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits (Initial with Drop-on Beads) 1 2 3 4 Color x y x y x y x y Yellow 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426 The marking material shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Total heavy metal levels, with the exception of barium sulfate, shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. The amount and type of yellow pigment and inert filler for yellow material shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer provided the material complies with all other requirements of this specification. (b) Paint Pavement Marking Material (Type A): Paint material shall be a fast drying waterbased, nonleaded, acrylic resin paint suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces. Paint shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Paint products will be included on the Department’s approved products list after the Department determines conformance to the specifications on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete roadways. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) or other Department-approved facilities. 1. Hiding power: Paint shall show a dry hiding quality that will give a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 at 0.38 mm (15 mil) wet film thickness. 2. Settling properties: Settling shall be no less than a rating of 8 when tested in accordance with ASTM D869. 3. Freeze-thaw and heat stability: Paint shall show no coagulation or change in viscosity greater than +/- 5 KU. 4. Water resistance: Paint shall show no blistering, peeling, wrinkling, softening, or loss of adhesion. 5. VOC: The VOC content shall be no greater than 150 grams/liter when tested in accordance with EPA Method 24. 6. Flash point: Paint shall have a flash point of at least 140 degrees F when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D93, Pensky-Martens Closed Cup. 7. No-track time: Paint shall have a 60-second maximum vehicle no-track time when measured in accordance with the NTPEP Field Test Procedures. 8. Maintained retroreflectivity and durability: Maintained retroreflectivity and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year: 263 246.02 a. Maintained Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1743 for 15-meter geometry and ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle and shall be at least either 150 for 15-meter or 100 for 30-meter when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. b. Durability: Paint shall have a durability rating of at least 4 when determined in the wheel path area. (c) Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class I): Thermoplastic material shall be suitable for use on asphalt concrete surfaces, and yellow thermoplastic material shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Yellow thermoplastic products will be included on the approved list after the Department determines their conformance to the specifications. Thermoplastic material shall have the pigment, beads, and filler well dispersed in the resin and shall be free from skins, dirt, and foreign objects. 1. Composition: White Component Yellow (Percent by Weight) Binder Glass beads Titanium dioxide Calcium carbonate and inert fillers 18.0 min. 25.0 min. 8.0 min. 49.0 max. 18.0 min. 25.0 min. — — The binder shall be either alkyd or hydrocarbon. If an alkyd thermoplastic is used, the binder shall consist of synthetic resins, at least one of which is solid at room temperature, and high-boiling plasticizers. At least one-half of the binder composition shall be a maleic-modified glycerol ester of resin and shall be at least 10 percent by weight of the entire material formulation. 2. Physical requirements: a. Water absorption: Materials shall have not more than 0.5 percent retained water by weight when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D570, Procedure A. b. Softening point: Materials shall have a softening point of at least 194 degrees F as determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E28. c. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of the thermoplastic compound at 77 degrees F shall be from 1.7 to 2.2. d. Impact resistance: The impact resistance shall be at least 10 inch-pounds at 77 degrees F after the material has been heated for 4 hours at 400 degrees F and cast into bars of 1-inch cross-sectional area, 3 inches long, and placed with 1 inch extending above the vise in a cantilever beam, Izod-type tester conforming to the requirements of ASTM D256 using the 25 inch-pound scale. 264 246.02 e. Drying time: Material shall set to bear traffic in not more than 2 minutes when the road temperature is 50 degrees F or above. f. Durability and wear resistance: Material shall be designed to provide a life expectancy of at least 3 years under an average daily traffic count per lane of approximately 9,000 vehicles. g. Glass beads: Glass beads shall conform to the requirements of Section 234. h. Flashpoint: The material flashpoint shall be no less than 500 degrees F when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D92. (d) Polyester-Resin Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class II): Polyester-resin is a two-component pavement marking material suitable for use on hydraulic cement concrete surfaces. 1. Composition (uncatalyzed material): Pigment Acrylic monomer Polyester resin Min. Max. 36.0 8.5 — 40.0 — 55.5 2. Physical requirements (uncatalyzed material): a. Viscosity: Viscosity (25 degrees C ) determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D562 shall be 80 to 90 Kreb units. b. Weight per gallon: The weight per gallon shall be at least 11.5 pounds. c. Drying time: The catalyst/resin ratio shall be adjusted by the operator so that the applied line shall dry to a no-tracking condition in 15 minutes or less when applied at an application temperature of 77 degrees F to 100 degrees F, a substrate temperature of at least 60 degrees F, a wet thickness of 15 to 25 mils, and with 10 to 15 pounds of glass beads conforming to the requirements of Section 234 applied per gallon. No-track time shall be determined by passing over the line with a passenger car or pickup truck at a speed of 25 to 35 mph in a simulated passing maneuver. A line showing no visual deposition of the material to the pavement surface when viewed from a distance of 50 feet shall be considered to show “no track” and to conform to the requirements for time to “no track.” d. Catalyst: The catalytic component of the system shall be a commercially available type recommended by the manufacturer of the polyester. The peroxide shall not be exposed to any form of heat, such as direct sunlight, radiators, open flame, or sparks as heat may cause the organic peroxide to decompose violently or burn if ignited. The peroxide shall not come into contact with easily oxidized metals, such as copper, brass, mild steel, or galvanized steel as this can also initiate a violent reaction. 265 246.02 e. Weight loss: Beaded catalyzed material shall have a weight loss of not more than 125 milligrams after 1,000 revolutions when abraded in accordance with the requirements of Federal Test Method Standard No. 141b, Method 6192, using CS17 wheels with a 1,000-gram load on each wheel. f. Shelf life: The shelf life of uncatalyzed material shall be at least 6 months when stored in a cool area below 85 degrees F. g. Durability and wear resistance: Material shall be designed to provide a life expectancy of at least 3 years under an average daily traffic count per lane of approximately 9,000 vehicles. h. Hiding: The marking shall show a dry hiding quality that will yield a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 with the Morest Black and White Power Chart, Form 03B, when drawn down at a 15-mil wet film thickness. Readings will be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E 1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65. (e) Epoxy-Resin Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class III): Epoxy-resin is a twocomponent pavement marking material suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces. Pigment, beads, and filler shall be well dispersed in the resin. Material shall be free from skins, dirt, and foreign objects and shall conform to the following requirements: 1. Composition Component Epoxy resins Titanium dioxide Pigments ASTM White Yellow D1652 D476, Type IV — Max. 82% Min. 18% — Max. 77% — Min. 23% 2. Physical requirements: a. Hardness: Hardness, Shore D, determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D2240, shall be 75 to 100. b. Tensile strength: Tensile strength, determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D638, shall be at least 6,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F. c. Compressive strength: Compressive strength, determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D695, shall be at least 12,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F. d. Adhesion to concrete: Adhesion, determined in accordance with the requirements of ACI 503, shall be at 100 percent concrete failure after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F. Concrete used for the test shall have a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch and shall be 90 degrees F when the material is applied. 266 246.02 (f) e. Drying time: Material shall dry to a “no-track” condition in 15 minutes or less at pavement temperatures from 50 degrees F to 120 degrees F and under all humidity conditions providing the pavement is dry. No-track time shall be determined by passing over the line with a passenger car or pickup truck at a speed of 25 to 35 mph in a simulated passing maneuver. A line showing no visual deposition of the material to the pavement surface when viewed from a distance of 50 feet shall be considered to show “no-track” and to conform to the requirements for time to “no-track.” f. Weight per epoxy equivalent: The weight per epoxy equivalent of Part A of the epoxy pavement marking material shall be within ±50 of the target value provided by the manufacturer when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1652. g. Total amine value: The total amine value of Part B of the epoxy pavement marking material shall be within ±50 of the target value provided by the manufacturer when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D2074. h. Durability and wear resistance: Material shall be designed to provide a life expectancy of at least 3 years under an average daily traffic count per lane of approximately 9,000 vehicles. i. Abrasion resistance: The wear index shall be no greater than 80 when abrasion resistance is tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4060. j. Hiding: The marking shall show a dry hiding quality that will yield a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 with the Morest Black and White Power Chart, Form 03B, when drawn down at a 15-mil wet film thickness. Readings will be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E 1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65. Plastic-Backed Preformed Tape Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class IV): Plastic-backed preformed tape shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4505 for a Type I or VI, Grade B, C, D, or E, material and any additions and/or exceptions indicated herein. Tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces and shall be capable of being applied to previously applied marking material of the same composition under normal conditions of use. Tape shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Tape products will be included on the Department’s approved products list after the Department determines conformance to the specifications on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete roadways. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) or other Department-approved facilities. 1. Thickness (no adhesive): The thickness shall be at least 60 mils and no more than 90 mils. 2. Skid resistance: Skid resistance requirements for a Type I material shall be the same as those for a Type VI material. 3. Initial retroreflectivity: Initial retroreflectivity requirements for a Type VI material shall be the same as those for a Type I material. 267 246.02 4. Maintained retroreflectivity, durability and adhesion: Maintained retroreflectivity, durability, and adhesion shall conform to the following requirements after being installed on the test deck for 1 year: a. Maintained retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1743 for 15-meter geometry and ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle and shall be at least either 150 for 15-meter or 100 for 30-meter when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. b. Durability: Tape shall have a durability rating of at least 4 when determined in the wheel path area. c. Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, be torn or missing. (g) Construction Pavement Marking Materials: Construction pavement markings shall consist of removable tape, non-retroreflective black removable tape, and temporary pavement marking material. Construction pavement marking materials shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Products will be included on the Department’s approved products list after the Department determines their conformance to the specifications on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete roadways and the manufacturer has supplied information to the Department indicating conformance to the following warranty requirements for the tape products except that Type E material will be evaluated only for asphalt concrete roadways. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) or other Department-approved facilities. 1. Removable tape (Type D, Class I and II): Removable tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces and shall conform to the following requirements: a. Initial skid resistance: The initial skid resistance value shall be at least 45 BPN. b. Warranty: The manufacturer shall provide a full manufacturer’s warranty on its product that shall cover the retroreflectivity, removability, and adhesiveness. The warranty period shall be no less than 90 days, beginning on the date of installation, and shall include all material and labor costs when the material is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. c. Maintained retroreflectivity, removability, and adhesion: Maintained retroreflectivity, removability, and adhesion shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days: (1) Maintained retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1743 for 15-meter geometry and ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle and shall be at least the following values for either 15-meter or 30-meter when measured in the wheel path area. 268 246.02 Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) Color Type D, Class I (15 meter) Type D, Class I (30 meter) Type D, Class II (15 meter) Type D, Class II (30 meter) White Yellow 150 100 100 65 225 150 150 100 (2) Removability: The removability value shall be at least 8 for materials submitted to NTPEP prior to the year 1998. For materials submitted to NTPEP in the year 1998 and later, the internal tape strength value shall be no greater than 3 and the adhesive bond value shall be no greater than 7. Values shall be the average of the three monthly readings for the transverse line. (3) Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, be torn or missing. 2. Non-retroreflective black removable tape (Type E): Non-retroreflective black removable tape shall be suitable for use on asphalt concrete surfaces and shall conform to the following: a. Initial skid resistance: The initial skid resistance value shall be at least 45 BPN. b. Warranty: The manufacturer shall provide a full manufacturer’s warranty on its product that shall cover removability and adhesiveness. The warranty period shall be no less than 90 days, beginning on the date of installation, and shall include all material and labor costs when the material is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. c. Removability and adhesion: Removability and adhesion shall conform to the following requirements after being installed on the test deck for 90 days: (1) Removability: The removability value shall be at least 8 for materials submitted to NTPEP prior to the year 1998. For materials submitted to NTPEP in the year 1998 and later, the internal tape strength value shall be no greater than 3 and the adhesive bond value shall be no greater than 7. Values shall be the average of the three monthly readings for the transverse line. (2) Adhesion: No line shall be displaced,from its original position or be torn or missing. 3. Temporary pavement marking material (Type F, Classes I and II): Temporary pavement marking material shall be suitable for use on asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces and shall conform to the following: a. Paint products: (1) Settling properties: The settling rating shall be at least 8 when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D869. 269 246.02 (2) Freeze-thaw and heat stability: Paint shall show no coagulation or change in viscosity greater than ±5 KU when tested in accordance with the NTPEP test procedure. (3) Water resistance: Paint shall show no blistering, peeling, wrinkling, softening, or loss of adhesion when tested in accordance with the NTPEP test procedure. (4) VOC: The VOC content shall be no greater than 150 grams/liter when tested in accordance with EPA Method 24. b. Tape products: (1) Initial skid resistance: The initial skid resistance value shall be at least 45 BPN. (2) Warranty: The manufacturer shall provide a full manufacturer’s warranty on its product that shall cover retroreflectivity, removability, and adhesiveness. The warranty period shall be no less than 90 days, beginning on the date of installation, and shall include all material and labor costs when the materials is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (3) Adhesion: No line shall be displaced,from its original position or be torn or missing after being installed on the test deck for 90 days. c. All products (including paint and tape products): (1) Thickness: The thickness shall be no greater than 40 mils. (2) Maintained retroreflectivity and durability: Maintained retroreflectivity and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days: a) Maintained retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with the requirements of ASTM E1743 for 15-meter geometry and ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle and shall be at least the following values for either 15-meter or 30-meter when measured in the wheel path area. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) Color White Yellow Type F, Class I Type F, Class I Type F, Class II Type F, Class II (15 meter) (30 meter) (15 meter) (30 meter) 150 100 100 65 290 190 190 125 b) Durability: Marking material shall have a durability rating of at least 4 when determined in the wheel path area. 270 247.02 SECTION 247—REFLECTIVE SHEETING 247.01—Description This specification covers reflective sheeting used on traffic control devices to provide a retroreflective surface or message. The color of the reflective sheeting shall be as specified in the Contract Documents. Reflective sheeting shall be certified in accordance with the requirements of Section 106.06. 247.02—Detail Requirements Reflective sheeting shall be selected from the Department’s approved products list. Reflective sheeting products will be included on the Qualified Products List after the Department determines conformance to the Specifications and the manufacturer has supplied written information indicating conformance to the warranty requirements of Section 247.03. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) or other Department-approved facilities. When color test data provided by NTPEP or other Department-approved facilities are evaluated, color shall have been maintained within the color specification limits for the duration of the outdoor weathering test. (a) Reflective sheeting used on signs (except those specifically indicated otherwise herein), vertical panels (Group 2 channelizing devices), traffic gates, and the “STOP” side of sign paddles (hand signalizing device) shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956 for a Type III material. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A. The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 3 years on the test deck shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956. (b) Reflective sheeting used on cones, tubular delineators, drums, and permanent sand barrels shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956 including supplementary requirement S2 for a Type III reboundable material. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A, except the minimum daytime luminance factor for white shall be 25 when used on cones and tubular delineators. The following supplementary table shall apply for cones, tubular delineators, and drums: Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) White Orange 0.2 0.5 +50 +50 75 35 25 10 Reflective sheeting used on cones and tubular delineators is not required to be tested by NTPEP. 271 247.02 (c) Reflective sheeting used to delineate the trailer’s back frame of portable changeable message signs, arrow boards and portable lights shall conform to the requirements of 49 CFR 571.108 for a Grade DOT-C2 truck conspicuity marking. References to ASTM specifications therein shall be interpreted to mean the latest version of the specification regardless of the date indicated in the reference. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A. This reflective sheeting is not required to be tested by NTPEP. (d) Reflective sheeting used on orange construction and maintenance activity signs, barrier vertical panels installed on concrete traffic barrier service, rear panel of truckmounted attenuators, temporary impact attenuators (except sand barrels), and the “SLOW” side of sign paddles shall be fluorescent prismatic lens type conforming to the following: Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) Fluorescent Orange 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 –4 +30 +40 –4 +30 +40 –4 +30 +40 140 90 24 90 50 15 10 5 3 The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 1 year on the test deck shall be at least 50 percent of the minimum coefficient of retroreflection specified. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 3 and 3A. Impact resistance shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956. (e) Reflective sheeting used on temporary sand barrels shall be fluorescent orange prismatic lens reboundable type conforming to the following: Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) Fluorescent Orange 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 –4 +30 +50 –4 +30 +50 200 120 40 80 50 30 272 247.02 The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 1 year on the test deck shall be at least 50 percent of the minimum coefficient of retroreflection specified. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 3 and 3A. Reflective sheeting shall conform to the supplementary requirement S2 of ASTM D4956. (f) Reflective sheeting used on object markers, nose of guardrails, permanent impact attenuators (except sand barrels), standard road edge delineators, special road edge delineators, barrier delineators, guardrail delineators, interstate road edge delineators, chevron panels, bridge end panel signs (VW-13), and railroad advance warning signs (including any supplemental plaques) shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956 for a Type IX material with the following changes to the minimum coefficient of retroreflection RA at the 1.0 observation angle. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A. Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) White Yellow 1.0 1.0 –4 +30 28 16 22 12 (g) Reflective sheeting used on Type III barricades shall be prismatic lens type conforming to the following: Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) White Yellow 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 –4 +30 +40 –4 +30 +40 –4 +30 +40 600 270 50 220 105 40 12 10 10 200 120 20 80 43 15 4 3 3 The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 1 year on the test deck shall be at least 50 percent of the minimum coefficient of retroreflection values specified. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A. Impact resistance shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956. 273 247.02 (h) Reflective sheeting used on the following signs shall be fluorescent yellow-green high-observation angle prismatic lens type conforming to the following: • Bicycle Crossing sign (W11-1) including supplemental plaques • Pedestrian Crossing sign (W11-2) including supplemental plaques • Playground sign (W15-1) including supplemental plaques • DEAF CHILD AREA sign including supplemental plaques • WATCH FOR CHILDREN sign including supplemental plaques • School Signing consisting of the following: —School Crossing sign (S1-1) —School Bus Stop Ahead sign (S3-1) —SCHOOL plaque (S4-3) —School Portion of the School Speed Limit sign (S5-1) —Supplemental plaques used with these signs Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) Fluorescent Yellow-Green 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 –4 +30 –4 +30 –4 +30 325 203 238 108 63 35 The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 3 years on the test deck shall be at least 50 percent of the minimum coefficient of retroreflection values specified. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 3 and 3A. Impact resistance shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956. (i) Reflective sheeting used on retroreflective rollup signs shall conform to the following: 274 247.03 Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA (Candelas per footcandle per square foot) Observation Angle (°) Entrance Angle (°) White Fluorescent Orange 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 –4 +30 +50 –4 +30 +50 300 180 90 200 75 45 200 125 50 72 36 20 Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A for white and Appendix Tables 3 and 3A for fluorescent orange. This reflective sheeting is not required to be tested by NTPEP. (j) Reflective sheeting used for the background on positive contrast guide signs shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956 for a Type III, VII, VIII, IX, or X material. Positive contrast letters, numerals, symbols, arrows, and borders used on guide signs shall be fabricated from prismatic sheeting conforming to the requirements of ASTM D4956 for a Type VII, VIII, IX, or X material. Color shall conform to the requirements of 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix Tables 1 and 1A. The maintained coefficient of retroreflection of the sheeting after 3 years on the test deck shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D4956. 247.03—Warranty Requirements The reflective sheeting manufacturer shall provide the following warranties to the Department on its products: (a) Type III Sheeting (Permanent Use): 12-year warranty with 10 years being 100 percent full replacement covering all material and labor costs associated with fabrication and installation of the sign or device and the final 2 years being 100 percent sheeting replacement cost. (b) Type VIII, IX and High Observation Angle Prismatic Sheeting (Permanent Use): 10year warranty with 7 years being 100 percent full replacement covering all material and labor costs associated with fabrication and installation of the sign or device and the final 3 years being 100 percent sheeting replacement cost. (c) Type III, Prismatic and Rollup Sign Sheeting (Work Zone Use) and Grade DOT-C2 Truck Conspicuity Marking: 3-year full replacement warranty covering all material and labor costs associated with fabrication of the sign or device. 275 247.03 The warranty shall cover the loss of retroreflectivity, loss of colorfastness, cracking, and any other conditions inherent to the sheeting including inks and overlay film that cause it to be ineffective in providing the direction to the motorists as intended. The minimum values of retroreflectivity maintained during the warranty period shall be the same as those required for the maintained coefficient of retroreflection values as indicated herein or as specified in ASTM D4956 if they do not exist herein. For reflective sheeting indicated in Section 247.02(i), the minimum values of retroreflectivity maintained during the warranty period shall be no less than 50 percent of the minimum coefficient of retroreflection values specified herein. Loss of colorfastness is considered to have occurred if the color of the sheeting is not within the color specification limits in 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix, during the warranty period. SECTION 248—STONE MATRIX ASPHALT CONCRETE 248.01—Description These specifications cover the materials used to produce stone matrix asphalt (SMA) concrete pavement. SMA shall be in accordance to this specifications and Section 211. SMA consists of a combination of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral filler, fiber additives, and liquid asphalt binder mechanically mixed in a plant to produce a stable gap-graded asphalt concrete paving mixture. 248.02—Materials (a) Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregate shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with the specified tests: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Los Angeles Abrasion Flat and Elongated Particles: Measured on No. 4 retained, 3 to 1 5 to 1 Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Loss, 5 cycles Particles retained on No. 4 sieve shall have at least 1 fractured face 2 fractured faces Absorption AASHTO T96 VTM-121 40% max. 20% max. 5% max. AASHTO T104 15% max. ASTM D5821 AASHTO T 85 100% min. 90% min. 2% max. Except for the determination of flat and elongated particles (Section 248.02(a)2),the aggregate properties specified are for each stockpile of coarse aggregate material designated on the job mix form (Form No. TL-127). The material contained in each stockpile shall meet the minimum or maximum criteria specified. For flat and elongated particles, these values are based on the mathematical blend of the coarse aggregate material designated on the job mix form (TL-127). During production, 276 248.02 these values are based on the SMA material sampled during the acceptance process (QC testing). The use of slag will not be permitted. (b) Fine Aggregate: Fine aggregate shall consist of a blend of 100 percent crushed aggregate. The magnesium sulfate soundness loss in 5 cycles shall not exceed 20 percent. In addition, the liquid limit shall not exceed 25 as determined in accordance with AASHTO T89. (c) Asphalt Binder: Asphalt binders shall be performance-graded binder PG 70-22 or polymer-modified binder PG 76-22 conforming to the requirements of the mix designation (M) as designated by the Department. The supplier shall certify to the Department that the binder complies with the requirements for all properties of that grade as specified in AASHTO M320 (Provisional Specification MP-1) for performance-graded asphalt binder. This certification shall be based on testing performed on samples of binder provided to the Contractor for incorporation into the mixture. Certification based on testing performed on laboratoryproduced binders will not be acceptable. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for Department review the source, formulation, and PG grading of the binder at least 15 days prior to the production of the SMA mixture. During mixture production, testing to determine the binder PG grade will be performed by the Department on samples taken from storage at the hot-mix asphalt plant as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the sample of binder when requested. In the event it is determined that the binder does not comply with the requirements of the specified PG grade, production shall be stopped until further testing indicates that the problem has been corrected. (d) Mineral Filler: Mineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock or limestone dust or other suitable material. Hydrated lime and fly ash will not be allowed. Up to two mineral fillers may be blended to comply with the mineral filler requirements. Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements of Section 201 with the following modifications. The mineral filler or mineral filler blend used in surface and intermediate SMA shall have a minimum of 55 percent passing the No. 200 sieve. At the time of use, it shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and be essentially free from agglomerations. (e) Fiber Additive: Cellulose fiber in either loose or pelletized form shall be used. The minimum dosage rate for cellulose is 0.3 percent by weight of the total mixture. During production, the Department may require the percentage of fiber additive to be increased if visual inspection or draindown testing on plant-produced material indicates that draindown in excess of 0.3 percent by weight of the mixture is occurring as determined in accordance with VTM-100. Allowable tolerances of fiber dosage shall be ±10 percent of the required fiber weight. NOTE: When using pelletized fiber, the dosage rate shall be adjusted to comply with the specified minimum dosage rates for cellulose fiber. Pelletized fiber consists of cellulose fiber and a binder. The specified minimum dosage rates are based on fiber content only. Therefore, the amount of pelletized fiber added shall typically be higher than for loose fiber. Fibers will be accepted based on the manufacturer’s certification. 277 248.02 TABLE II–23 Cellulose Fiber Properties Sieve Analysis Method A: Alpine Sieve1 Analysis Fiber Length: Passing No. 100 Sieve Method B: Mesh Screen2 Analysis Fiber Length: Passing No. 20 Sieve No. 40 Sieve No. 140 Sieve Ash Content3 pH4 Oil Absorption5 Moisture Content6 0.25 inch max. 70% (±10%) 0.25 inch max. 85% (±10%) 65% (±10%) 30% (±10%) 18% (±5%) non-volatile 7.5 (±1.0) 5.0 (±1.0) (times fiber weight) <5% Method A: Alpine Sieve Analysis. Performed using an Alpine Air Jet Sieve (Type 200 LS). A representative 5-gram sample of fiber is sieved for 14 minutes at a controlled vacuum of 22 inches (±3 inches) of water. The portion remaining on the screen is weighed. 2Method B: Mesh Screen Analysis. This test is performed using standard Nos. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 140 sieves, nylon brushes, and a shaker. A representative 10-gram sample of fiber is sieved, using a shaker and two nylon brushes on each screen. The amount retained on each sieve is weighed and the percentage passing calculated. 3Ash Content: A representative 2- to 3-gram sample of fiber is placed in a tared crucible and heated between 1100 and 1200 degrees F for not less than 2 hours. The crucible and ash are cooled in a desiccator and reweighed. 4pH Test: Five grams of fiber is added to 3.5 ounces of distilled water, stirred, and allowed to set for 30 minutes. The pH is determined with a probe calibrated with a pH 7.0 buffer. 5Oil Absorption Test: Five grams of fiber is accurately weighed and suspended in an excess of mineral spirits for not less than 5 minutes to ensure total saturation. It is then placed in a screen mesh strainer (with a hole size of approximately 0.5 square millimeter), and shaken on a wrist action shaker for 10 minutes (approximately 1 1/4-inch motion at 20 shakes/minute). The shaken mass is then transferred without touching to a tared container and weighed. Results are reported as the amount (number or times its own weight) the fibers are able to absorb. 6Moisture Content*: Ten grams of fiber is weighed and placed in a 250 degree F forced air oven for 2 hours. The sample is then reweighed immediately upon removal from the oven. 1 (f) RAP: The use of RAP will not be permitted. 248.03—Composition of SMA Mixture The SMA mixture shall be designed and tested using a gyratory compactor and shall conform to the requirements listed in Table II–24 and Table II–25 One percent hydrated lime will be required as an antistripping additive. An alternative antistripping additive can be used only if permitted by the Engineer. 248.04—Acceptance A lot will be considered acceptable for gradation and asphalt content if the mean of the test results obtained is within the tolerance allowed from the job-mix formula. The production tolerances for the control sieves and asphalt content shall be as follows: 278 248.04 TABLE II–24 SMA Design Range Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves (in) Type No. (See Note) Surface Mixes SMA 12.5 SMA 9.5 Intermediate Mixes SMA 19.0 1 3/4 — — 100 100 100 85-95 1/2 3/8 85-95 80 max. 90-100 70-85 50-60 30-45 No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 No. 200 22-30 25-40 16-24 15-25 15-20 — 10-12 10-12 — 16-24 12-16 8-10 Note: The required PG binder will be shown in parentheses as part of the mix type on the plans or proposal, e.g., SMA 12.5 (76-22). TABLE II–25 SMA Mixture Requirements VCA VMA VMA Design and AC VTM1 Design Production Production2 (Min. Draindown Design Mix Type (%) (Min. %) (Min. %) (%) %) (%) Gyrations SMA 9.5 SMA 12.5 SMA19.0 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 18.0 18.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 16.0
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