2016 FARS CRSS Coding And Validation Manual 812449
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DOT HS 812 449 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual October 2017 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Crash vs. Accident ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ............................................................................................ 10 Crash Level Changes................................................................................................................................ 10 Vehicle Level Changes ............................................................................................................................. 11 Driver Level Changes ............................................................................................................................... 14 Precrash Level Changes........................................................................................................................... 14 Person (MV Occupant) Level Changes .................................................................................................... 16 Person (Not A MV Occupant) Level Changes .......................................................................................... 17 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions ....................................................................................................... 19 Crash Level Elements .............................................................................................................................. 19 Vehicle Level Elements ........................................................................................................................... 22 Driver Level Elements ............................................................................................................................. 25 Precrash Level Elements ......................................................................................................................... 27 Person (MV Occupant) Level Elements ................................................................................................... 30 Person (Not A MV Occupant) Level Elements......................................................................................... 32 100. FARS Submission Instructions ............................................................................................................. 36 101. How To Submit ............................................................................................................................... 36 102. When To Submit............................................................................................................................. 36 103. Data Sources .................................................................................................................................. 36 FARS Coding Forms ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Crash Level Form ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Vehicle Level Form .................................................................................................................................. 38 Driver Level Form .................................................................................................................................... 39 Precrash Level (Vehicle / Driver) Form ................................................................................................... 40 Person Level (MV Occupant) Form ......................................................................................................... 41 Person Level (Not A MV Occupant) Form ............................................................................................... 42 200. Form Coding Instructions .................................................................................................................... 43 201. General Instructions ....................................................................................................................... 43 202. Deletion Instructions ...................................................................................................................... 45 203. Request For Case Listing Instructions ............................................................................................ 45 204. How To Structure A Case ............................................................................................................... 45 300. Data Element Coding Instructions ...................................................................................................... 49 301. SECTION ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................................... 49 State Number – FARS Only.......................................................................................................................... 50 Consecutive Number - FARS Only ............................................................................................................... 52 Crash Level Data Elements ....................................................................................................................... 53 C3 - Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles ................................................... 54 C4 - Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted .............................................................................................. 55 C5 - Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted................................................................... 57 C6 - County / C7 City - FARS Only............................................................................................................ 58 C8 - Crash Date........................................................................................................................................ 60 C9 - Crash Time ....................................................................................................................................... 62 C10 - Trafficway Identifier - FARS Only ................................................................................................... 65 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 2 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C11 - Route Signing - FARS Only.............................................................................................................. 69 C12 - Land Use and Functional System - FARS Only ............................................................................... 72 C13 - Ownership - FARS Only .................................................................................................................. 76 C14 - National Highway System - FARS Only........................................................................................... 78 C15 - Special Jurisdiction - FARS Only ..................................................................................................... 79 C16 - Milepoint - FARS Only .................................................................................................................... 80 C17 - Global Position ............................................................................................................................... 81 C18 - Crash Events................................................................................................................................... 84 C19 - First Harmful Event ........................................................................................................................ 90 C20 - Manner of Collision...................................................................................................................... 106 C21 - Relation to Junction ..................................................................................................................... 110 C22 - Type of Intersection ..................................................................................................................... 121 C23 - Relation to Trafficway .................................................................................................................. 124 C24 - Work Zone ................................................................................................................................... 132 C25 - Light Condition ............................................................................................................................. 134 C26 - Atmospheric Conditions .............................................................................................................. 136 C27 - School Bus Related....................................................................................................................... 139 C28 - Rail Grade Crossing Identifier - FARS Only ................................................................................... 141 C29 - Notification Time EMS - FARS Only.............................................................................................. 142 C30 - Arrival Time EMS - FARS Only ...................................................................................................... 144 C31 - EMS Time at Hospital - FARS Only ............................................................................................... 146 C32 - Related Factors – Crash Level ...................................................................................................... 148 C33 - Interstate Highway - CRSS Only ................................................................................................... 155 C34 - Stratum - CRSS Only ..................................................................................................................... 156 C35 - Police Jurisdiction - CRSS Only ..................................................................................................... 158 Additional State Information ................................................................................................................ 159 Vehicle Level Data Elements .................................................................................................................. 160 V3 - Vehicle Number – Vehicle Level .................................................................................................... 161 V4 - Number Of Occupants ................................................................................................................... 162 V5 - Unit Type........................................................................................................................................ 166 V6 - Hit-and-Run.................................................................................................................................... 170 V7 - Registration State .......................................................................................................................... 172 V8 - Registered Vehicle Owner - FARS Only .......................................................................................... 175 Vehicle Make/Vehicle Model Overview................................................................................................ 177 V9 - Vehicle Make ................................................................................................................................. 179 V10 - Vehicle Model .............................................................................................................................. 181 Alphabetical Listing of Makes ............................................................................................................... 183 Numerical Listing of Makes ................................................................................................................... 185 Vehicle Make / Model / Body Type Tables ........................................................................................... 187 V11 - Body Type .................................................................................................................................... 283 V12 - Vehicle Model Year ...................................................................................................................... 301 V13 - Vehicle Identification Number..................................................................................................... 303 V14 - Vehicle Trailing ............................................................................................................................ 306 V15 - Trailer Vehicle Identification Number ......................................................................................... 312 V16 - Jackknife ...................................................................................................................................... 315 V17 - Motor Carrier Identification Number .......................................................................................... 317 V18 – GVWR / GCWR ............................................................................................................................ 321 V19 - Vehicle Configuration .................................................................................................................. 324 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 3 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V20 - Cargo Body Type .......................................................................................................................... 328 V21 - Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard ............................................................................... 332 V22 - Bus Use ........................................................................................................................................ 338 V23 - Special Use ................................................................................................................................... 340 V24 - Emergency Motor Vehicle Use .................................................................................................... 344 V25 - Travel Speed ................................................................................................................................ 346 V26 - Underride/Override - FARS Only ................................................................................................. 348 V27 - Rollover ........................................................................................................................................ 351 V28 - Location of Rollover ..................................................................................................................... 353 V29 - Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas ........................................................... 355 V30 - Extent of Damage ........................................................................................................................ 364 V31 - Vehicle Removal .......................................................................................................................... 366 V32 - Sequence of Events...................................................................................................................... 368 V33 - Most Harmful Event..................................................................................................................... 386 V34 - Related Factors – Vehicle Level ................................................................................................... 399 V35 - Fire Occurrence ........................................................................................................................... 403 V36 - Vehicle License Plate Number - CRSS Only .................................................................................. 404 Driver Level Data Elements ....................................................................................................................... 405 D3 - Vehicle Number – Driver Level ...................................................................................................... 406 D4 - Driver Presence ............................................................................................................................. 407 D5 - Driver’s License State .................................................................................................................... 410 D6 - Driver’s Zip Code ........................................................................................................................... 413 D7 - Non-CDL License Type/Status – FARS Only ................................................................................... 415 D8 - Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status – FARS Only................................................................ 422 D9 - Compliance With CDL Endorsements – FARS Only ....................................................................... 424 D10 - License Compliance With Class Of Vehicle - FARS Only .............................................................. 427 D11 - Compliance With License Restrictions – FARS Only .................................................................... 430 D12 - Driver Height – FARS Only ........................................................................................................... 432 D13 - Driver Weight – FARS Only .......................................................................................................... 434 D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 - Driver Level Counters – FARS Only ............................................................ 435 D19, D20 - Date of First and Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction - FARS Only...................................... 440 D21 - Violations Charged ...................................................................................................................... 442 D22 - Speeding Related ......................................................................................................................... 447 D23/NM14 - Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash ........................................................................ 448 D24 - Related Factors – Driver Level ..................................................................................................... 451 D25 - Driver License Number – CRSS Only ............................................................................................ 463 Precrash Level Data Elements ................................................................................................................... 464 Precrash Data Overview........................................................................................................................ 465 PC3 - Vehicle Number – Precrash Level ................................................................................................ 492 PC4 - Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle ............................................................................... 493 PC5 - Trafficway Description ................................................................................................................. 496 PC6 - Total Lanes in Roadway ............................................................................................................... 499 PC7 - Speed Limit .................................................................................................................................. 502 PC8 - Roadway Alignment ..................................................................................................................... 505 PC9 - Roadway Grade............................................................................................................................ 507 PC10 - Roadway Surface Type - FARS Only ........................................................................................... 509 PC11 - Roadway Surface Conditions ..................................................................................................... 511 PC12 - Traffic Control Device ................................................................................................................ 513 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 4 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual PC13 - Device Functioning .................................................................................................................... 519 PC14 - Driver’s Vision Obscured By ....................................................................................................... 520 PC15 - Driver Maneuvered to Avoid ..................................................................................................... 523 PC16 - Driver Distracted By ................................................................................................................... 526 PC17 - Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event).................................................. 530 PC18 - Critical Event – Precrash (Category) .......................................................................................... 537 PC19 - Critical Event – Precrash (Event)................................................................................................ 539 PC20 - Attempted Avoidance Maneuver .............................................................................................. 550 PC21 - Pre-Impact Stability ................................................................................................................... 553 PC22 - Pre-Impact Location................................................................................................................... 555 PC23 - Crash Type ................................................................................................................................. 557 Person Level (MV Occupant) Data Elements ............................................................................................ 586 P3 - Vehicle Number – Person Level (MV Occupant)............................................................................ 587 P4/NM3 - Person Number .................................................................................................................... 588 P5/NM5 - Age........................................................................................................................................ 589 P6/NM6 - Sex ........................................................................................................................................ 591 P7 - Person Type ................................................................................................................................... 592 P8/NM8 - Injury Severity....................................................................................................................... 596 P9 - Seating Position ............................................................................................................................. 600 P10 - Restraint System/Helmet Use...................................................................................................... 606 P11 - Any Indication of Mis-Use of Restraint System/Helmet Use ....................................................... 611 P12 - Air Bag Deployed.......................................................................................................................... 612 P13 - Ejection ........................................................................................................................................ 614 P14 - Ejection Path - FARS Only............................................................................................................. 616 P15 - Extrication - FARS Only ................................................................................................................ 618 P16/NM15 - Police Reported Alcohol Involvement .............................................................................. 619 P17/NM16 - Method of Alcohol Determination by Police - FARS Only ............................................... 621 P18/NM17 - Alcohol Test ...................................................................................................................... 624 P19/NM18 - Police Reported Drug Involvement .................................................................................. 630 P20/NM19 - Method of Drug Determination by Police - FARS Only ................................................... 632 P21/NM20 - Drug Test .......................................................................................................................... 635 Alphabetical Drug Index ........................................................................................................................ 641 Drugs by Category Type ........................................................................................................................ 648 P22/NM21 - Transported to First Medical Facility by ........................................................................... 656 P23/NM22 - Died at Scene/En Route – FARS Only ............................................................................... 659 P24/NM23 - Death Date – FARS Only ................................................................................................... 661 P25/NM24 - Death Time – FARS Only ................................................................................................... 663 P26 - Related Factors – Person (MV Occupant) Level........................................................................... 665 Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) Data Elements ............................................................... 675 NM3/P4 - Person Number .................................................................................................................... 676 NM4 - Number of Motor Vehicle Striking Non-Motorist ...................................................................... 677 NM5/P5 - Age........................................................................................................................................ 681 NM6/P6 - Sex ........................................................................................................................................ 683 NM7 - Person Type ............................................................................................................................... 684 NM8/P8 - Injury Severity....................................................................................................................... 690 NM9 - Pedestrian/Bike Typing .............................................................................................................. 692 NM10 - Non-Motorist Location at Time of Crash ................................................................................. 699 NM11 - Non-Motorist Action/Circumstances ....................................................................................... 706 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 5 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual NM12 - Non-Motorist Contributing Circumstances.............................................................................. 710 NM13 - Non-Motorist Safety Equipment.............................................................................................. 715 NM14/D23 - Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash ........................................................................ 718 NM15/P16 - Police Reported Alcohol Involvement .............................................................................. 719 NM16/P17 - Method of Alcohol Determination by Police - FARS Only ............................................... 720 NM17/P18 - Alcohol Test ...................................................................................................................... 721 NM18/P19 - Police Reported Drug Involvement .................................................................................. 723 NM19/P20 - Method of Drug Determination by Police - FARS Only ................................................... 724 NM20/P21 - Drug Test .......................................................................................................................... 725 NM21/P22 - Transported to First Medical Facility by ........................................................................... 728 NM22/P23 - Died at Scene/En Route - FARS Only ................................................................................ 730 NM23/P24 - Death Date - FARS Only .................................................................................................... 731 NM24/P25 - Death Time - FARS Only.................................................................................................... 733 NM25 - Related Factors – Person (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level........................................... 734 Supplemental Data Elements.................................................................................................................... 741 SP1 - Death Certificate Number - FARS Only ........................................................................................ 742 SP2 - Fatal Injury at Work - FARS Only .................................................................................................. 744 SP3 - Race/Hispanic Origin - FARS Only ................................................................................................ 745 Appendices................................................................................................................................................ 762 2016 Consistency Checks ...................................................................................................................... 763 References ............................................................................................................................................ 816 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 6 Table of Figures Table of Figures Figure 1: Created Records Message............................................................................................................ 47 Figure 2: General Guidelines for Sideswipe Codes 07 & 08 ...................................................................... 107 Figure 3: Interchange Area........................................................................................................................ 114 Figure 4: Example Parking Lot Area .......................................................................................................... 115 Figure 5: Driveway Access ......................................................................................................................... 115 Figure 6: Interchange Accidents ............................................................................................................... 116 Figure 7: Example of a Typical Single-Lane Roundabout .......................................................................... 122 Figure 8: Trafficway with Frontage Road .................................................................................................. 130 Figure 9: Trafficway with Multiple Roadways in the Same Direction ....................................................... 130 Figure 10: Four Examples of Gores ........................................................................................................... 131 Figure 11: Examples of Left-Justified Coding of Motor Carrier Identification Number ............................ 318 Figure 12: Nine Classes of Hazardous Materials ....................................................................................... 335 Figure 13: Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point Element Values Diagram ............................................ 356 Figure 14: Damaged Areas Element Values Diagram ............................................................................... 359 Figure 15: Clockpoint Diagram .................................................................................................................. 361 Figure 16: Ran Off Roadway Examples ..................................................................................................... 370 Figure 17: End Departure Examples.......................................................................................................... 371 Figure 18: Bridge Components Diagram ................................................................................................... 379 Figure 19: Example of an Out of State Driver Data Response Form ......................................................... 436 Figure 20: Typical Order of a Single Critical Crash Envelope .................................................................... 466 Figure 21: Typical Order of Multiple Critical Crash Envelopes.................................................................. 467 Figure 22: Channel with Turn Bay, Channel without Turn Bay ................................................................. 500 Figure 23: Diagram of Roadway Grades ................................................................................................... 507 Figure 24: Diagram of a Vehicle Turning Left and its Extended Travel Lane ............................................ 541 Figure 25: Seating Positions for Different Vehicle Configurations............................................................ 605 Figure 26: Intersection with Only Two Crosswalks ................................................................................... 700 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 7 Introduction Introduction NHTSA has collected motor vehicle traffic crash data since the early 1970s to support its mission to reduce motor vehicle traffic crashes, injuries, and deaths on our Nation’s trafficways. The two data systems included in this Coding and Validation Manual are the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the Crash Report Sampling System (CRSS). FARS FARS contains data derived from a census of fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public and must result in the death of at least one person (occupant of a vehicle or a non-motorist) within 30 days of the crash. FARS was conceived, designed, and developed by the National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 1975 to provide an overall measure of highway safety, to help identify traffic safety problems, to suggest solutions, and to help provide an objective basis to evaluate the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety programs. CRSS CRSS builds on the retiring, long running National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (NASS GES). CRSS is a sample of police-reported motor vehicle traffic crashes involving all types of motor vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists, ranging from property-damage-only crashes to those that result in fatalities. CRSS is used to estimate the overall crash picture, identify highway safety problem areas, measure trends, drive consumer information initiatives, and form the basis for cost and benefit analyses of highway safety initiatives and regulations. The target population of the CRSS is all policereported traffic crashes of motor vehicles (motorcycles, passenger cars, SUVs, vans, light trucks, medium or heavy-duty trucks, buses, etc.). The CRSS target population is the same as the previous NASS GES target population. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 8 Crash vs. Accident Crash vs. Accident The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has adopted the policy to use the term Crash. Accordingly, the term Crash is used throughout this manual. As used in this manual, Crash shall always refer to a Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident as rigorously defined in the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) D16.1 – The Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents (2007). Incidents or scenarios involving collision events, and those involving non-collision events, as defined in ANSI D16.1, are included. Collision events include those involving a motor vehicle and fixed objects (poles, walls, buildings, barriers, bridge supports, etc.) and those involving a motor vehicle and non-fixed objects (pedestrians, animals, pedal cyclists, other motor vehicles, etc.). Besides scenarios involving a collision, a crash also shall include non-collision scenarios such as the following: ● A single motor vehicle on a roadway catches fire ● A motor vehicle runs off of a trafficway and is immersed in a body of water ● An occupant of a motor vehicle is injured by falling from that vehicle while it is in motion or on a roadway ● An occupant of a motor vehicle is injured by shifting cargo or flying objects within that vehicle during emergency handling / braking ● A vehicle suffers damage from a pavement irregularity (loose plate, high manhole, pot hole, etc.) ● And others Consult ANSI D16.1, Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents (The ANSI Manual) for a more precise and complete presentation of these concepts. As a minimum, the following ANSI D16.1 terms should be well understood to properly select and classify cases for FARS and CRSS. The paragraph reference numbers from the ANSI Manual are provided to aid look-up. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.2.1 Trafficway 2.4.1 Harmful Event 2.4.2 Deliberate Intent 2.4.3 Legal Intervention 2.4.4 Unstabilized Situation 2.4.5 Cataclysm 2.4.6 Accident 2.4.9 Transport Accident 2.4.12 Motor Vehicle Accident 2.4.17 Road Vehicle Accident 2.4.18 Traffic Accident 2.4.19 Non-traffic accident 2.4.22 Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 9 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary Below is a list of elements that have substantial changes for 2016. These changes, as well as others, are highlighted throughout the manual by bold/italic type. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU REVIEW THE ENTIRE MANUAL FOR ALL CHANGES Crash Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME 100 204 C3 C5 C10 C16 C18 NEW/ REVISED VALUES Submission Instructions How to Structure a Case Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted Trafficway Identifier Milepoint Crash Events Sequence of Events NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X X X X 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual COMMENTS • Added hierarchy for Police Reported Information on the PAR. • Added new section to clarify how to structure a case within FARS/CRSS. • Sentence Restructure to match form title. X • Updated Definition. • Updated Remarks section referencing the new 204. How to Structure a Case section. X • Added remarks to clarify coding Other Land Ways. X • Added remarks to clarify coding of milepoint on entrance and exit ramp. • Revised Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 73 (Object That Had Fallen Fell From Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports). • Added new Attribute and Remarks for new Attribute: 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails). • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 01 (Rollover/Overturn), 10 (Railway Vehicle), 26 (Other Traffic Barrier), 33 (Curb), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]), 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance), 67 (Vehicle Went Airborne). • Updated guidance for Coding Guidelines for Running Off Roadway (Right or Left) and Crossing Median. • Updated Examples under 01 (Rollover/ Overturn) X 10 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME C19 First Harmful Event C21b Relation to Junction Specific Location Atmospheric Condition C26 C34 Stratum NEW/ REVISED VALUES X NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X X X COMMENTS • Revised Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 73 (Object That Had Fallen Fell From Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports). • Added new Attribute and Remarks for new Attribute: 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails). • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 01 (Rollover/Overturn), 10 (Railway Vehicle), 26 (Other Traffic Barrier), 33 (Curb), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]), 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance). • Added remarks to clarify coding of Intersection when a ramp is involved in the crash. X • Updated Remarks for Attribute: 01 (Clear). • Updated general remarks. X • Revised to reflect CRSS Stratum. Vehicle Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME NEW/ REVISED VALUES X NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X V4 Number of Occupants V6 V7 Hit and Run Registration State Registered Vehicle Owner X X Vehicle Identification Number X V8 V13 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual X COMMENTS • Updated Attribute Range from 01-95 Actual Value if known except: to 01-98 Actual [If Known]. • Removed Attribute: 96 (Ninety-six or more). • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 01-98 Actual [If Known] and 99 (Unknown). • Updated Remarks for Attribute: 1(Yes). • Updated Remarks for Attribute: 00 (Not Applicable). • Updated Remarks for Attribute: 0 (Not Applicable/Vehicle Not Registered) • Added New Remarks for Attribute: 3 (Vehicle Registered as Business/Company/ Government Vehicle). • Updated Element Definition • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 0s (No VIN Required) and 9s (Unknown). • Updated CRSS Special Instruction. 11 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME New V15 Trailer Vehicle Identification Number Old V15 New V16 Old V16 New V17 Jackknife Old V17 New V18 Old V18 New V19 Old V19 New V20 Old V20 New V21 Old V21 New V22 Old V22 New V23 Old V23 New V24 Old V24 New V25 Old V25 New V26 Old V26 New V27 Old V27 New V28 Old V28 New V29 Old V29 New V30 NEW/ REVISED VALUES X NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • Added new Element Format: 3 sets, 17 alphanumeric. • Add new Attributes and Remarks for Attributes: 00000000000000000 (No VIN Required), Any Alphanumeric Characters – Actual VIN, 7777777777777777 (No Trailing Units), 88888888888888888 (Not Reported), 99999999999999999 (Unknown). • Moved Element from V15 to V16. Motor Carrier Identification Number GVWR/GCWR • Moved Element from V16 to V17. Vehicle Configuration Cargo Body Type Hazardous Material Involvement/ Placard Bus Use • Moved Element from V18 to V19. Special Use • Moved Element from V22 to V23. Emergency Motor Vehicle Use Travel Speed Underride/ Override Rollover • Moved Element from V17 to V18. • Moved Element from V19 to V20. • Moved Element from V20 to V21. • Moved Element from V21 to V22. X X • Moved Element from V23 to V24. • Added updated general remarks for coding Emergency Motor Vehicle Use. • Moved Element from V24 to V25. • Updated general remarks for coding Travel Speed. • Moved Element from V25 to V26. • Moved Element from V26 to V27. Location of Rollover Areas of Impact • Moved Element from V27 to V28. Extent of Damage • Moved Element from V29 to V30. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual • Moved Element from V28 to V29. 12 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME NEW/ REVISED VALUES NEW/ REVISED REMARKS COMMENTS • Moved Element from V30 to V31. Old V30 New V31 Old V31 New V32 Vehicle Removal Sequence of Events X X Old V32 New V33 Most Harmful Event X X Old V33 New V34 Old V34 New V35 Old V35 New V36 Related Factors - Vehicle Level Fire Occurrence Vehicle License Plate Number (CRSS Only) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual • Moved Element from V31 to V32. • Revised Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 73 (Object That Had Fallen Fell From Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports). • Added new Attribute and Remarks for new Attribute: 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails). • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 01 (Rollover/Overturn), 10 (Railway Vehicle), 26 (Other Traffic Barrier), 33 (Curb), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]), 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance), 67 (Vehicle Went Airborne). • Updated guidance for Coding Guidelines for Running Off Roadway (Right or Left) and Crossing Median. • Updated Examples under 01 (Rollover/ Overturn) • Moved Element from V32 to V33. • Revised Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 73 (Object That Had Fallen Fell From Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports). • Added new Attribute and Remarks for new Attribute: 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails). • Updated Remarks for Attributes: 01 (Rollover/Overturn), 10 (Railway Vehicle), 26 (Other Traffic Barrier), 33 (Curb), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]), 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance). • Moved Element from V33 to V34. • Moved Element from V34 to V35. X • Moved Element from V35 to V36. • Added New Remarks for Attributes: 0000000000 (No License Plate) and 9999999999 (Unknown). 13 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary Driver Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME D15 D21 D24 NEW/ REVISED VALUES Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations Violations Charged Related Factors - Driver Level NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • Updated remarks regarding cancellation of a CDL. X • Updated Element Definition. X • Updated Remarks regarding coding hit and run drivers under attribute: 00 (None). Precrash Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME NEW/ REVISED VALUES Precrash Overview PC5 PC7 Trafficway Description Speed Limit NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • X • • • X PC12 Traffic Control Device X • • PC18 Critical Events Precrash (Category) X • 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual • Additional guidance was added as a Note under Precrash General Rule #10. Updated Examples Updated Remarks for Attribute: 1 (Two-Way, Not Divided). Added new attributes to range: 05-80 95 Actual Speed Limit (in 5 mph increments) Updated Element Definition Updated remarks regarding Traffic Calming Devices. Added new remarks regarding driver right-ofway. Added Remarks for Attribute: 1 (This Vehicle Loss Control Due To:). 14 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME PC19 Critical Events Precrash (Events) NEW/ REVISED VALUES X NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • • • • • • • PC20 Attempted Avoidance Maneuver X X • • • PC21 Pre-Impact Stability X • • PC22 Pre-Impact Location 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual X • Updated Attribute: 64 (From Parking Lane/Shoulder, Median/Crossover, Shoulder, Roadside). Updated Remarks for Attributes: 04 (NonDisabling Vehicle Problem [e.g., Hood Flew Up] [Specify:]), 05 (Poor Road Conditions [Puddle, Pot Hole, Ice, Etc.] [Specify:]), 06 (Traveling Too Fast For Conditions), 10 (Over the Lane Line on Left Side of Travel Lane), 11 (Over the Lane Line on Right Side of Travel Lane), 90 (Object in Road), 98 (Other Critical Precrash Event [specify:]). Updated Remarks and Atttributes: 15 (Turning Left at Junction), 16 (Turning Right at Junction), 17 (Crossing Over (Passing Through) Intersection Junction). Added new Remarks and Attributes: 20 (Backing) and 21 (Making a U-Turn). Updated general remarks regarding "Other" and "Unknown" attributes. Added additional remarks under Other Vehicle Encroaching section. Deleted Remarks and Attributes for: 02 (Braking [No Lockup]), 03 (Braking [Lockup]), 04 (Braking [Lockup Unknown]). Add new Remarks and Attributes: 15 (Braking and Unknown Steering Direction) and 16 (Braking). Updated Attribute value: 99 (Unknown/Not Reported). Added Precrash Overview General Rule #10 to the remarks section. Updated Remarks for Attributes: 9 (Precrash Stability Unknown). Updated Element Definition. 15 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary Person (MV Occupant) Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME P8 Injury Severity NEW/ REVISED VALUES X NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • • P9 Seating Position X • • • X • X • P13 Restraint System - Helmet Use Air Bag Deployed Ejection X • P15 Extrication X • P16 Police Reported Alcohol Involvement Alcohol Test Police Reported Drug Involvement Method of Drug Determination by Police Drug Test X • X X • • X • X • P10 P12 P18 P19 P20 P21 X • P26 Related Factors - Person (MV Occupant) Level 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual X • Updated Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 9 (Unknown/Not Reported). Removed remarks for coding a PAR that is "blank". Updated Remarks for Attributes: 18 (Front Seat, Other), 28 (Second Seat, Other), 38 (Third Seat, Other) and 48 (Fourth Seat, Other). Added new Remarks for Attributes: 19 (Front Seat, Unknown), 29 (Second Seat, Unknown), 39 (Third Seat, Unknown) and 49 (Fourth Seat, Unknown). Added new charts for coding Other and Unknown. Updated Remarks regarding the use of VIN Decoder for coding this element. Added FARS Special Instruction regarding the use of VIN Decoder for coding this element. Deleted remarks regarding hit and run drivers under attribute: 0 (Not Ejected) Updated Remarks for Attribute: 0 (Not Extricated or Not Applicable). Deleted remarks regarding hit and run drivers under attribute: 9 (Unknown [Police Reported]). Revised Coding Examples under Test Results. Deleted remarks regarding hit and run drivers under attribute: 9 (Unknown [Police Reported]) Updated Attributes and Remarks for Attribute; 2 (Drug Recognition Expert (or Evaluator) (DRE) Technician (DRT) determination). Updated Format for element: 1 set 1 numeric; 3 sets, 1 numeric; 3 sets, 3 numeric Updated Remarks for Attribute: 3 (Both: Blood and Urine Tests). Deleted remarks regarding hit and run drivers under attribute: 99 (Unknown) 16 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary Person (Not A MV Occupant) Level Changes ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME NM8 NEW/ REVISED VALUES Injury Severity NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • • NM9 NM9 NM11 NM12 NM13 NM15 NM16 NM17 NM18 NM19 Pedestrian/Bike Typing - Marked Crosswalk Present Pedestrian/Bike Typing Intersection Leg Non-Motorist Action/Circumstances Non-Motorist Contributing Circumstances X X • X • Updated Attribute: 9 (Unknown/None of the Above). X • Added general remarks to address attributes in combination. X • Added general remarks to address attributes in combination. Added Remarks for Attribute: 17 (Making Improper Entry to or Exit from Trafficway) Updated Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 3 (Reflective Clothing/Carried Item (jacket, backpack, etc.). Updated Remarks for Attribute: 9 (Unknown [Police Reported]) Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P16. Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P17. • Non-Motorist Safety Equipment Police Reported Alcohol Involvement X • X • Method of Alcohol Determination by Police Alcohol Test X • X • Police Reported Drug Involvement Method of Drug Determination by Police X • X • • • 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Updated Attribute and Remarks for Attribute: 9 (Unknown/Not Reported). Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P8. Updated Remarks for Attribute: 1 (Yes). Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P18. Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P19. Updated Attributes and Remarks to Attribute; 2 (Drug Recognition Expert (or Evaluator) (DRE) Technician (DRT) evaluation). Revised remarks referencing remarks for element on P20. 17 2016 FARS / CRSS Manual Changes Summary ELEMENT # ELEMENT NAME NM20 NEW/ REVISED VALUES Drug Test NEW/ REVISED REMARKS X COMMENTS • • NM25 Related Factors Person (Not a MV Occupant) Level X X • Updated Format for element: 1 set 1 numeric; 3 sets, 1 numeric; 3 sets, 3 numeric Revised remarks referencing remarks for element P21. Added new Attribute and Remarks for 93 (NonMotorist Wearing Motorcycle Helmet) NEED HELP IN CODING? CONTACT NISR THROUGH THE CDAN HELPDESK 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 18 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions Crash Level Elements 2016 Element Number C1 FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definitions State Number FARS Only C2 Consecutive Number FARS Only C3 Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in MV Case Structure C4 Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted Case Structure C5 Number of Person Forms Submitted Case Structure C6 County FARS Only C7 City FARS Only C8 Crash Date FARS/CRSS C9 Crash Time FARS/CRSS C10 Trafficway Identifier FARS Only C11 Route Signing FARS Only Land Use and Functional System FARS Only This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element records the number of Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) forms that are applicable to this case. This element records all contact motor vehicles which the officer has reported on the Police Accident Report (PAR) as a unit involved in the crash. This element records the number of Person Level (Motor Vehicle Occupant) forms that are applicable to this case. This element refers to the location of the unstabilized event with regard to the County. This element refers to the location of the unstabilized event with regard to the City. This element identifies the date on which the crash occurred. This element identifies the time at which the crash occurred. This element captures the identity (name) of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. This element identifies the route signing of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. • Land Use: The classification of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred based on FHWAapproved adjusted Census boundaries of small urban and urbanized areas. • Functional System: This element identifies the functional classification of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. C12 (a/b) Element Name 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 19 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number C13 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definitions Ownership FARS Only C14 National Highway System FARS Only C15 Special Jurisdiction FARS Only C16 Milepoint FARS Only C17 Global Position FARS/CRSS C18 Crash Events FARS/CRSS C19 First Harmful Event FARS/CRSS C20 Manner of Collision FARS/CRSS C21 (a/b) Relation to Junction FARS/CRSS This element identifies the entity that has legal ownership of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. This element identifies whether or not this crash occurred on a trafficway that is part of the National Highway System. This element identifies if the location on the trafficway where the crash occurred qualifies as a Special Jurisdiction even though it may be patrolled by state, county or local police (e.g., all State highways running through Indian reservations are under the jurisdiction of the Indian reservation). This element identifies the milepoint nearest to the location where the crash occurred. This element identifies the location of the crash using Global Position coordinates. The Crash Events table records in chronological sequence, the set of events resulting from an unstabilized situation that constitutes a motor vehicle traffic crash. The First Harmful Event is defined as the first injury or damage producing event of the crash. This element identifies the orientation of two motor vehicles in-transport when they are involved in the First Harmful Event of a collision crash. If the First Harmful Event is not a collision between two motor vehicles in-transport it is classified as such. The coding of this data element is done in two subfields and based on the location of the first harmful event of the crash. It identifies the crash's location with respect to presence in an interchange area and the crash’s location with respect to presence in or proximity to components typically in junction or interchange areas. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 20 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number C22 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definitions Type of Intersection FARS/CRSS C23 Relation to Trafficway FARS/CRSS C24 Work Zone FARS/CRSS C25 Light Condition FARS/CRSS C26 Atmospheric Condition FARS/CRSS C27 School Bus Related FARS/CRSS C28 Rail Grade Crossing Identifier FARS Only C29 Notification Time EMS FARS Only C30 Arrival Time EMS FARS Only C31 EMS Time at Hospital FARS Only C32 Related Factors - Crash Level FARS/CRSS C33 Interstate Highway CRSS Only C34 C35 Stratum Police Jurisdiction CRSS Only CRSS Only This element identifies and allows separation of various intersection types. This element identifies the location of the crash as it relates to its position within or outside the trafficway based on the First Harmful Event. This data element captures that this was a “Work Zone Accident” as defined in ANSI D16.1, 7th Edition. If the crash qualifies as a "Work Zone Accident" then the type of work activity is identified. This element records the type/level of light that existed at the time of the crash as reported in the case materials. This element identifies the prevailing atmospheric conditions that existed at the time of the crash as recorded on the crash report form. This data element indicates if a school bus, or motor vehicle functioning as a school bus, is related to the crash. This element identifies if the crash occurred in or near a Rail Grade Crossing. Notification Time EMS is the time Emergency Medical Service was notified. Arrival Time EMS is the time Emergency Medical Service arrived on the crash scene. EMS Time at Hospital is the time Emergency Medical Service arrived at the treatment facility to which it was transporting victims of the crash. This element identifies factors related to the crash expressed by the investigating officer. This element identifies whether or not the crash occurred on an interstate highway. Interstate highway is a Federal Highway Administration classification. The CRSS stratum applicable to this PAR. The number (range 1 through 120) of the police jurisdiction from which the PAR was originally sampled. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 21 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions Vehicle Level Elements 2016 Element Number V1 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition State Number FARS Only V2 Consecutive Number FARS Only V3 Vehicle Number V4 Number of Occupants V5 Unit Type FARS/CRSS V6 Hit-And-Run FARS/CRSS V7 Registration State FARS/CRSS V8 Registered Vehicle Owner FARS Only V9 Vehicle Make FARS/CRSS V10 Vehicle Model FARS/CRSS V11 Body Type FARS/CRSS V12 Vehicle Model Year FARS/CRSS V13 Vehicle Identification Number FARS/CRSS V14 Vehicle Trailing FARS/CRSS This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element identifies the number assigned to this vehicle in the crash. This element identifies the number of occupants in each vehicle. This element identifies the type of unit that applies to this motor vehicle at the time it became an involved vehicle in the crash and was reported as a unit on the Police Accident Report (PAR). This element refers to cases where a vehicle is a contact vehicle in the crash and does not stop to render aid (this can include drivers who flee the scene on foot). This element identifies the state in which this vehicle was registered. This element is used to determine the type of registered owner of the vehicle. This element identifies the make (manufacturer) of this vehicle. This element identifies the model of this vehicle within a given make. This element identifies a classification of this vehicle based on its general body configuration, size, shape, doors, etc. This element identifies the manufacturer's model year of this vehicle. This element records the vehicle identification number (VIN) of a single vehicle or the power unit of a combination vehicle. This element identifies whether or not this vehicle had any attached trailing units or was towing another motor vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Case Structure FARS/CRSS FARS/CRSS 22 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number V15 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Trailer Vehicle Identification Numer FARS/CRSS V16 Jackknife FARS/CRSS V17 Motor Carrier Identification Number FARS/CRSS V18 GVWR/GCWR FARS/CRSS V19 Vehicle Configuration FARS/CRSS V20 Cargo Body Type FARS/CRSS V21 Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard FARS/CRSS V21 (1) Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard - HM1 FARS/CRSS V21 (2) Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard - HM2 FARS/CRSS V21 (3) Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard - HM3 Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard - HM4 FARS/CRSS Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard - HM5 FARS/CRSS Bus Use FARS/CRSS This element records the vehicle identification number (VIN) of any trailing units of a combination vehicle. This element identifies if this vehicle experienced a "jackknife" anytime during the unstabilized situation. This element records the issuing authority and motor carrier identification number if applicable to this vehicle. This element identifies the gross vehicle weight rating of this vehicle when applicable. This element identifies the general configuration of this vehicle when applicable. This element identifies the primary cargo carrying capability of this vehicle when applicable. This element identifies the presence of hazardous cargo for this vehicle and records information about the hazardous cargo when present. This element indicates whether the vehicle was carrying hazardous materials - involvement. This element indicates the presence of hazardous materials and whether the vehicle displayed a hazardous materials placard. This element indicates the 4-digit identification number. This element indicates the single-digit hazardous material class number for the vehicle. This element indicates whether or not any hazardous cargo was released from the cargo tank or compartment. This data element describes the common type of bus service this vehicle was being used for at the time of the crash or the primary use for the bus if not in service at the time of the crash. V21 (4) V21 (5) V22 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS/CRSS 23 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number V23 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Special Use FARS/CRSS V24 Emergency Motor Vehicle Use FARS/CRSS V25 Travel Speed FARS/CRSS V26 Underride/Override FARS Only V27 Rollover FARS/CRSS V28 Location of Rollover FARS/CRSS V29 Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point FARS/CRSS V29 Areas of Impact - Damaged Areas FARS/CRSS V30 Extent of Damage FARS/CRSS V31 Vehicle Removal FARS/CRSS This data element identifies if a special use is applicable to this vehicle at the time it was involved in the crash. Emergency Motor Vehicle Use indicates operation of any motor vehicle that is legally authorized by a government authority to respond to emergencies with or without the use of emergency warning equipment, such as a police vehicle, fire truck or ambulance while actually engaged in such response. This element records the speed the vehicle was traveling prior to the occurrence of the crash as reported by the investigating officer. This element indicates whether an underride or override occurred during the crash involving this vehicle. This element identifies whether a rollover or overturn occurred during the crash involving this vehicle. This element identifies the location of the trip point or start of the vehicle's roll. This subfield identifies the area on this vehicle that produced the first instance of injury to non-motorists or occupants of this vehicle, or that resulted in the first instance of damage to other property or to this vehicle. This subfield identifies all the areas on this vehicle that were damaged in the crash as reflected in the case materials. This element indicates the amount of damage sustained by this vehicle in this crash as indicated in the case materials based on an operational damage scale. This data element describes the mode in which the vehicle left the scene of the crash. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 24 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number V32 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Sequence of Events FARS/CRSS V33 Most Harmful Event FARS/CRSS V34 Related Factors - Vehicle Level FARS/CRSS V35 Fire Occurrence FARS/CRSS V36 Vehicle License Plate Number CRSS Only The events in sequence related to this motor vehicle, regardless of injury and/or property damage. Code each event for this vehicle in the order in which they occur, time wise, from the Police Accident Report (PAR) narrative and diagram. This element identifies the event that resulted in the most severe injury or, if no injury, the greatest property damage involving this motor vehicle. This element identifies factors related to this vehicle expressed by the investigating officer. This element identifies whether or not a fire in any way related to the crash occurred in this vehicle. This element captures the license plate number of this vehicle. Driver Level Elements 2016 Element Number D1 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition State Number FARS Only D2 Consecutive Number FARS Only D3 D4 Vehicle Number - Driver Level Driver Presence D5 Driver’s License State FARS/CRSS D6 Driver’s Zip Code FARS/CRSS D7 Non-CDL License Type / Status FARS Only This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element identifies the vehicle number associated with this driver. This element identifies whether or not a driver was present in this vehicle at the onset of the unstabilized situation. This element identifies the state of issue for the license held by this driver. This element identifies the zip code of this driver's area of residence. This element identifies in two subfields the type license held by this driver and the status of the license at the time of the crash. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Case Structure FARS/CRSS 25 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number D8 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status FARS Only D9 Compliance with License Endorsements FARS Only D10 License Compliance with Class of Vehicle FARS Only D11 Compliance with License Restrictions FARS Only D12 D13 D14 Driver Height Driver Weight Previous Recorded Crashes FARS Only FARS Only FARS Only D15 Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations FARS Only D16 Previous DWI Convictions FARS Only D17 Previous Speeding Convictions FARS Only D18 Previous Other Moving Violation Convictions FARS Only D19 Date of FIRST Crash, Suspension, Conviction FARS Only This element indicates the status for a driver’s Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) if applicable. This element indicates whether the vehicle driven at the time of the crash requires endorsement(s) on a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) and whether this driver is complying with the CDL endorsements. This element refers to the type of license possessed or not possessed by the driver for the class of vehicle being driven at the time of the crash. This element identifies if a driver was compliant with restrictions on their license. This element identifies a driver's height. This element identifies a driver's weight. This element records any previous crashes for this driver. Counts only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element records any previous license suspensions or revocations for this driver. Counts only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element records any previous DWI convictions for this driver. Counts only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element records any previous Speeding convictions for this driver. Counts only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element records any other previous moving violations or convictions for this driver. Counts only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element identifies the date of the first crash, suspension, or conviction recorded in elements D14 through D18. Counts only dates of events occurring within five years from the crash date. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 26 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number D20 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Date of LAST Crash, Suspension, Conviction FARS Only D21 Violations Charged FARS/CRSS D22 Speeding Related FARS/CRSS D23 Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash FARS/CRSS D24 Related Factors - Driver Level FARS/CRSS D25 Driver’s License Number CRSS Only This element identifies the date of the last crash, suspension, or conviction recorded in elements D14 through D18. Counts only dates of events occurring within five years from the crash date. This element identifies all violations, citations, and infractions noted as charged to this driver in this crash. This element identifies if the driver's speed was related to the crash as identified by law enforcement. This element identifies physical impairments to this driver or nonmotorist which may have contributed to the cause of the crash as identified by law enforcement. This element identifies factors related to this driver expressed by the investigating officer. This element identifies the driver's license number of this driver. Precrash Level Elements 2016 Element Number PC1 FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition State Number FARS Only PC2 Consecutive Number FARS Only PC3 Vehicle Number - Precrash Level Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element identifies the number assigned to this vehicle in the crash. This element describes the possible preexisting motor vehicle defects or maintenance conditions that may have contributed to the crash. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best describes the trafficway flow just prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. PC4 PC5 Element Name Trafficway Description 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Case Structure FARS/CRSS FARS/CRSS 27 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number PC6 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Total Lanes in Roadway FARS/CRSS PC7 Speed Limit FARS/CRSS PC8 Roadway Alignment FARS/CRSS PC9 Roadway Grade FARS/CRSS PC10 Roadway Surface Type FARS Only PC11 Roadway Surface Conditions FARS/CRSS PC12 Traffic Control Device FARS/CRSS PC13 Device Functioning FARS/CRSS PC14 Driver’s Vision Obscured By FARS/CRSS PC15 Driver Maneuvered to Avoid FARS/CRSS This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best describes the number of travel lanes just prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best represents the speed limit just prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best represents the roadway alignment prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best represents the roadway grade prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best represents the roadway surface type prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the value indicated in the case materials which best represents the roadway surface condition prior to this vehicle’s critical precrash event. This element identifies the sign or signal indicated in the case materials which best describes the traffic controls in the vehicle's environment just prior to this vehicle's critical precrash event. This element identifies the functionality of the traffic control device recorded for this vehicle in the element Traffic Control Device. This data element records impediments to a driver’s visual field that were noted in the case materials. This data element identifies the thing(s) the driver attempted to avoid while the vehicle was on the road portion of the trafficway, just prior to the first harmful event for this vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 28 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number PC16 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Driver Distracted By FARS/CRSS PC17 Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) FARS/CRSS PC18 Critical Event - Precrash (Category) FARS/CRSS PC19 Critical Event - Precrash (Event) FARS/CRSS PC20 Attempted Avoidance Maneuver FARS/CRSS PC21 Pre-Impact Stability FARS/CRSS PC22 Pre-Impact Location FARS/CRSS PC23 Crash Type FARS/CRSS This element identifies the attribute(s) which best describe this driver’s attention to driving prior to the driver’s realization of an impending critical event or just prior to impact if realization of an impending critical event does not occur. Distraction from the primary task of driving occurs when drivers divert their attention from the driving task to some other activity. Also, driving while daydreaming or lost in thought is identified as distracted driving by NHTSA. Physical conditions/ impairments (fatigue, alcohol, medical condition, etc.) or psychological states (anger, emotional, depressed, etc.) are not identified as distractions by NHTSA. This element identifies the attribute that best describes this vehicle's activity prior to the driver's realization of an impending critical event or just prior to impact if the driver took no action or had no time to attempt any evasive maneuvers. This element identifies the category of the event that was critical to this vehicle being involved in the crash. This element identifies the critical event which made the crash imminent (i.e., something occurred which made the collision possible). This element identifies movements/ actions taken by the driver, within a critical crash envelope, in response to a Critical Precrash Event. This element assesses the stability of the vehicle after the critical event, but before the impact. This element assesses the location of the vehicle after the critical event, but before the first harmful event for this vehicle. This element describes the type of crash this in-transport vehicle was involved in based on the First Harmful Event and the precrash circumstances. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 29 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions Person (MV Occupant) Level Elements 2016 Element Number P1 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition State Number FARS Only P2 Consecutive Number FARS Only P3 Vehicle Number - Person Level Case Structure P4 Person Number Case Structure P5 Age FARS/CRSS P6 Sex FARS/CRSS P7 Person Type FARS/CRSS P8 Injury Severity FARS/CRSS P9 Seating Position FARS/CRSS P10 Restraint System/Helmet Use FARS/CRSS P11 FARS/CRSS P12 Any Indication of Mis-Use of Restraint System/ Helmet Use Air Bag Deployed P13 Ejection FARS/CRSS P14 Ejection Path FARS Only P15 Extrication FARS Only This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element identifies the vehicle number associated with this motor vehicle occupant. This element identifies a number for the motor vehicle occupant in consecutive order for the vehicle they occupied. This element identifies the person’s age, in years, with respect to the person's last birthday. This element identifies the sex of the person involved in the crash. This element describes the role of this person involved in the crash. This element describes the severity of the injury to this person in the crash. This element identifies the location of this person in or on the vehicle. This element records the restraint equipment in use by the occupant, or the helmet in use by a motorcyclist, at the time of the crash. This element indicates any mis-use of the restraint system or helmet used by this person. This element is used to record air bag availability and deployment for this person as reported in the case materials. This element describes the ejection status and degree of ejection for this person, excluding motorcycle occupants. This element identifies the path by which this person was ejected from the vehicle. This element identifies if equipment or other force was used to remove this person from the vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS/CRSS 30 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number P16 FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Police Reported Alcohol Involvement FARS/CRSS Method of Alcohol Determination (By Police) FARS Only P18 (1) Alcohol Test Status FARS/CRSS P18 (2) Alcohol Test Type FARS/CRSS P18 (3) Alcohol Test Result FARS/CRSS P19 Police Reported Drug Involvement FARS/CRSS P20 Method of Drug Determination (By Police) FARS Only P21 (1) Drug Test Status FARS/CRSS P21 (2) Drug Test Type FARS/CRSS P21 (3) Drug Test Result FARS/CRSS P22 Transported to First Medical Facility By FARS/CRSS P23 Died at Scene/En route FARS Only P24 Death Date FARS Only P25 Death Time FARS Only This data element reflects only the judgment of law enforcement as to whether alcohol was involved or not for this person. This element describes the method by which the police made the determination as to whether alcohol was involved or not for this person. This element identifies if an alcohol test was given to this person. This element identifies the type of the alcohol test that was used for this person. This element identifies the alcohol test result for this person. This data element reflects only the judgment of law enforcement as to whether drugs were involved or not for this person. This element identifies the method by which the police made the determination as to whether drugs were involved or not for this person. This element identifies if a chemical test for the presence of drugs was given to this person. This element identifies the type of chemical test for the presence of drugs that was used for this person. This element identifies the result of a chemical test for the presence of drugs for this person. This element identifies the method of transportation this person was provided to receive treatment at the first hospital or medical facility. This element identifies if this person died at the scene of the crash or en route to a hospital or treatment facility. This element records the month, day and year of this person’s death. This element identifies the hour and minute of this person’s death utilizing the 24-hour clock format. P17 Element Name 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 31 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number P26 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Related Factors - Person (MV Occupant) Level FARS/CRSS SP1 Death Certificate Number FARS Only SP2 Fatal Injury at Work FARS Only SP3 Race/Hispanic Origin FARS Only This element identifies factors related to motor vehicle occupants other than drivers expressed by the investigating officer. This element identifies the four-digit GSA code for the City where the death occurred, the two-digit state number and the six-digit sequence number from the death certificate as assigned by the State Vital Statistics or Vital Records Department. This element indicates if the death certificate identified this person as being "at work" at the time of the crash. This element indicates the race and Hispanic origin of this person from the death certificate. Person (Not A MV Occupant) Level Elements 2016 Element Number NM1 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition State Number FARS Only NM2 Consecutive Number FARS Only NM3 Person Number NM4 Number of Motor Vehicles Striking Non-Motorist FARS/CRSS NM5 Age FARS/CRSS NM6 Sex FARS/CRSS NM7 Person Type FARS/CRSS NM8 Injury Severity FARS/CRSS This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. This element identifies a number for persons that are not in a motor vehicle in consecutive order. This data element captures the intransport vehicle that made contact with this non-motorist. This element identifies the person’s age, in years, with respect to the person's last birthday. This element identifies the sex of the person involved in the crash This element describes the role of this person involved in the crash. This element describes the severity of the injury to this person in the crash. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Case Structure 32 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number NM9 FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Pedestrian/Bike Typing FARS/CRSS FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB28 Marked Crosswalk Present Pedestrian Marked Crosswalk Present Bicyclist Sidewalk Present - Pedestrian NM9 - PB28 Side Walk Present - Bicyclist FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB29 School Zone - Pedestrian FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB29 School Zone - Bicyclist FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB30 Crash Type - Pedestrian FARS/CRSS This element describes, through a series of on-screen prompts, the sequence of events and precipitating actions leading to crashes between motor vehicles and pedestrians or bicyclists. This element identifies if a marked crosswalk was present at the crash site. This element identifies if a marked crosswalk was present at the crash site. This element identifies if a sidewalk was present at the crash site. This element identifies if a sidewalk was present at the crash site. This element identifies if the crash occurred in a school zone. This element identifies if the crash occurred in a school zone. This element summarizes the circumstances of the crash for this pedestrian. This element summarizes the circumstances of the crash for this bicyclist. This element summarizes the circumstances of the crash for this pedestrian. This element identifies if the crash location with respect to an intersection. This element identifies the location of the pedestrian with respect to the trafficway when contacted. This element identifies the location of the bicyclist with respect to the trafficway when contacted. This element identifies the compass direction of travel of the pedestrian prior to being contacted. This element identifies the travel direction of the bicyclist with respect to the flow of traffic prior to being contacted. This element identifies the compass direction of travel of the motorist prior to being involved in the crash. NM9 - PB27 NM9 - PB27 Element Name FARS/CRSS FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB30B Crash Type - Bicyclist FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB31 FARS/CRSS Crash Location - Pedestrian NM9 - PB31B Crash Location - Bicyclist FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB32 FARS/CRSS Pedestrian Position NM9 - PB32B Bicyclist Position FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB33 FARS/CRSS Pedestrian Initial Direction NM9 - PB33B Bicyclist Direction FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB34 FARS/CRSS Motorist Initial Direction 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 33 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number NM9 - PB35 Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Motorist Maneuver FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB36 Intersection Leg FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB37 Pedestrian Scenario FARS/CRSS NM9 - PB38 Crash Group - Pedestrian FARS/CRSS This element identifies if the motorist was engaged in a turning maneuver at an intersection prior to being involved in the crash. This element identifies on which leg of an intersection the crash occurred. This element summarizes the movements of the pedestrian and motorist in an intersection area. This element provides general groupings of the more specific individual Crash Types - Pedestrian. This element provides general groupings of the more specific individual Crash Types - Bicyclist. This element identifies the location of the non-motorist with respect to the roadway at the time of the crash. This element describes the action(s) of the non-motorist at the time of their involvement in the crash. This element describes the action(s) and/or circumstances of the nonmotorist that law enforcement indicated may have contributed to the crash. This element indicates the safety equipment that was used by the nonmotorist involved in the crash. This element attempts to identify any physical impairment to this non-motorist which may have contributed to the cause of the crash. This data element reflects only the judgment of law enforcement as to whether alcohol was involved or not for this person. This element describes the method by which the police made the determination as to whether alcohol was involved or not for this person. This element identifies if an alcohol test was given to this person. This element identifies the type of the alcohol test that was used for this person. NM9 - PB38B Crash Group - Bicyclist FARS/CRSS NM10 Non-Motorist Location at Time of Crash FARS/CRSS NM11 Non-Motorist Action/ Circumstances FARS/CRSS NM12 Non-Motorist Contributing Circumstances FARS/CRSS NM13 Non-Motorist Safety Equipment FARS/CRSS NM14 Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash FARS/CRSS NM15 Police Reported Alcohol Involvement FARS/CRSS NM16 Method of Alcohol Determination (By Police) FARS Only NM17 (1) Alcohol Test Status FARS/CRSS NM17 (2) Alcohol Test Type FARS/CRSS 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 34 2016 FARS / CRSS Element Definitions 2016 Element Number NM17 (3) Element Name FARS, CRSS, Case Structure Definition Alcohol Test Result FARS/CRSS NM18 Police Reported Drug Involvement FARS/CRSS NM19 Method of Drug Determination (By Police) FARS Only NM20 (1) Drug Test Status FARS/CRSS NM20 (2) Drug Test Type FARS/CRSS NM20 (3) Drug Test Result FARS/CRSS NM21 Transported to First Medical Facility By FARS/CRSS NM22 Died at Scene/En route FARS Only NM23 Death Date FARS Only NM24 Death Time FARS Only NM25 Related Factors - Person (Not a MV Occupant) Level FARS/CRSS SP1 Death Certificate Number FARS Only SP2 Fatal Injury at Work FARS Only SP3 Race/Hispanic Origin FARS Only This element identifies the alcohol test result for this person. This data element reflects only the judgment of law enforcement as to whether drugs were involved or not for this person. This element identifies the method by which the police made the determination as to whether drugs were involved or not for this person. This element identifies if a drug test was given to this person. This element identifies the type of drug test that was used for this person. This element identifies the drug test result for this person. This element identifies the method of transportation this person was provided to receive treatment at the first hospital or medical facility. This element identifies if this person died at the scene of the crash or en route to a hospital or treatment facility. This element records the month, day and year of this person’s death. This element identifies the hour and minute of this person’s death utilizing the 24-hour clock format. This element identifies factors related to persons not in a motor vehicle expressed by the investigating officer. This element identifies the four-digit GSA code for the City where the death occurred, the two-digit state number and the six-digit sequence number from the death certificate as assigned by the State Vital Statistics or Vital Records Department. This element indicates if the death certificate identified this person as being "at work" at the time of the crash. This element indicates the race and Hispanic origin of this person from the death certificate. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 35 100. Submission Instructions 100. FARS Submission Instructions 101. How To Submit Each case must have at least one Person Level form with INJURY SEVERITY attribute Fatal Injury • 2016 Data Enter data directly using procedures described in the FARS Microcomputer Data Entry Manual (MDE Manual). 102. When To Submit Make submissions at any time during the week via the MDE 103. Data Sources 1. Use the ANSI D16.1 Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents for definitions in coding the FARS forms. 2. Obtain information from death certificates for persons who die as a result of injuries sustained in a motor vehicle crash. 3. Use the State Driver Licensing Files, Vehicle Registration Files, Highway Department Files, Crash Reports, and Vital Statistics Reports. 4. See the FARS MDE manual for instructions on obtaining data and responding to requests for data on vehicles and drivers not registered or licensed in your state. 5. The message system should be used to obtain data on involved Out-of-State drivers and vehicles. 6. Hierarchy for Case Materials: a. An Early Notification Report can get corrected/replaced/ clarified by b. A Police Accident Report (PAR) can get corrected/replaced/ clarified by c. A Supplemental Police Accident Report (PAR) can get corrected/ replaced/clarified by d. A Reconstruction Report 7. Hierarchy for police reported information on the PAR: a. If information provided in the narrative directly contradicts a coded box, the narrative detail takes precedence over the checkbox. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 36 FARS Coding Forms FARS Coding Forms Crash Level Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 37 FARS Coding Forms Vehicle Level Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 38 FARS Coding Forms Driver Level Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 39 FARS Coding Forms Precrash Level (Vehicle / Driver) Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 40 FARS Coding Forms Person Level (MV Occupant) Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 41 FARS Coding Forms Person Level (Not A MV Occupant) Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 42 200. Form Coding Instructions 200. Form Coding Instructions 201. General Instructions 201.1 Codes 201.1.1 All codes are numeric except TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER, ADDITIONAL STATE INFORMATION, RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER, VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, and MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. 201.1.2 All codes are on the forms except: OWNERSHIP, GLOBAL POSITION, CRASH EVENTS, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER, RELATED FACTORS (Crash, Vehicle, Driver, Person – Occupant, and Person – Not an Occupant), VEHICLE MAKE, VEHICLE MODEL, BODY TYPE, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, MOST HARMFUL EVENT, VIOLATIONS CHARGED, TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE, CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT), CRASH TYPE, NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING, DEATH CERTIFICATE NUMBER, FATAL INJURY AT WORK and RACE/HISPANIC ORIGIN. See the appropriate data element pages for these codes. 201.1.3 The code for attribute Unknown is always nine. Unknown should only be used when all sources for obtaining information on an element have been searched and the information is missing or stated unknown. In an element that includes the attribute Not Reported, Unknown is only used for stated unknowns. 201.1.4 The code for attribute Not Applicable or its equivalent is always zero(s), except for data elements C29-C31 where Not Applicable (Not Notified) is 8888, P13 where Not Applicable is 8, P24/NM23 where Not Applicable (non-fatal) is 88888888, P25/NM24 where Not Applicable (non-fatal) is 8888, and SP2 where Not Applicable (not a fatality) is 8. 201.1.5 The code for attribute None is always zero except for Alcohol Test Result. 201.2 Coding Forms 201.2.1 Blanks are used only in fields to be later updated with four exceptions: 201.2.1.1 If DRIVER PRESENCE is coded “0” or “9” all other driver information except RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must be blank. 201.2.1.2 If VIN is less than seventeen characters, do not zero-fill, leave remaining characters blank. If a State is not allowed to code the entire VIN, code the partial VIN and zero-fill the characters that cannot be completed. 201.2.1.3 If TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER is less than 30 characters, do not zero-fill or 9-fill. Leave remaining characters blank. The second TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER field is also left blank for non-junction crashes. 201.2.1.4 If MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is less than 9 characters, do not zero-fill or 9-fill. Leave remaining characters blank. 201.2.2 All codes are right-justified except VIN, TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER and MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 43 200. Form Coding Instructions 201.3 Vehicle, Driver, Precrash and both Person Level Forms. These forms are automatically numbered by the system. 201.3.1 Vehicles are numbered consecutively beginning with “001.” 201.3.2 For each vehicle, persons are numbered consecutively beginning with “001.” Order is not important. The driver does not have to be “001.” 201.3.3 Persons not in motor vehicles are numbered consecutively beginning with “01.” Order is not important. 201.4 Miscellaneous 201.4.1 The number of changes per case is not limited. 201.4.2 Request of other States for information should always follow the format of the MDE systems Out-Of-State Data Request whether the MDE System itself or the mail is used. 201.4.3 Refer all coding questions through the CDAN Helpdesk. 201.4.4 Copies of all cases or other actions submitted must be retained for 3 years after the data collection year. 201.4.5 If a State will not allow transmittal of complete VIN, send a memorandum to the COTR informing her/him of this fact. 201.5 Special Case - Coding Fatal Traffic Crashes for which there is only a death certificate. 201.5.1 Be sure the death occurred within thirty (30) days of the crash. If you don’t know, do not submit the case. If it occurred after 30 days, do not submit. 201.5.2 For the cases you do submit, you must complete Forms HS-214, HS-214A, HS-214B, HS214C, HS-214D, HS-214E unless you have been granted an exemption. 201.6 Code the required elements as follows: The following elements must be coded. If any of these elements are left blank or if an edit check is violated which involves the coding of one of these elements, you will not have a usable FARS case. Crash Level (Form HS-214) Crash Date - Appropriate Day, Month and Year Crash Time - Appropriate hour and minute if known, 9999 if not known Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles - 00-99 Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted - 001-999 Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted - 000-999 Crash Events - Table completed in MDE First Harmful Event - Appropriate attribute derived from table, 99 if not known Vehicle Level (Form HS-214A) Vehicle Number - 001-999 Number of Occupants - 01-98 if known, 99 if unknown Unit Type - 1-4 Driver Level (Forms HS-214B) Vehicle Number - 001-999 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 44 200. Form Coding Instructions Driver Presence - Appropriate attribute if known, 9 if unknown Precrash Form (Form HS-214C) Vehicle Number - 001-999 if occupant Crash Type - 01-99 Person Level (Motor Vehicle Occupant) (Form HS-214D) Vehicle Number - 001-999 if occupant Person Number - 001-999 Person Type - 01-03, 09 for occupants Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) (Form HS-214E) Person Number - 001-999 Number of Motor Vehicle Striking Non-Motorist - 001-999 Person Type - 04-08, 10, 19 for non-occupants 201.6.1 Code all other elements with the proper attribute if information is known. If no information is known, code the items Unknown or Not Reported. There are three exceptions to this, Rollover, Emergency Motor Vehicle Use and Fire Occurrence should all use the attribute “0” (No Rollover, Not Applicable and No or Not Reported, respectively). 202. Deletion Instructions See FARS Microcomputer Data Entry Manual for instructions on how to delete a case. 203. Request For Case Listing Instructions See FARS Microcomputer Data Entry Manual for instructions on how to list a case. 204. How To Structure A Case When creating an MDE case structure, it is important to understand and correctly enter the proper number of Persons Not in Motor Vehicles, Vehicles, and Motor Vehicle Occupants. This initial structuring of the case is important for dependent data elements once your case is created. The following instructions are intended to assist in the proper structuring of your case. Step 1: Number of Persons Not in Motor Vehicles Enter the number of persons involved in this crash who are not in motor vehicles. This includes: • Occupants of Non-Motor Vehicle Transport Devices (i.e., persons riding in an animal-drawn conveyance, on an animal or injured occupants of a railway train or a road vehicle on rails) • Pedestrians • Bicyclists • Other Cyclists • Persons on Personal Conveyances • Persons In/On Buildings • Unknown Types of Non-Motorists For detailed explanations and examples of each, please see (NM7) PERSON TYPE. Important things to consider: • Do not include non-contact persons. For example, if the PAR identifies three pedestrians and only one of them was contacted by a vehicle or something set into motion by a vehicle, you do not include the two who were not contacted. • Do not include witnesses or other persons not directly involved in the crash. • Do not include uninjured occupants of railway trains or road vehicles on rails. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 45 200. Form Coding Instructions Step 2: Number of Vehicles (in-transport, parked/stopped off roadway) Enter the number of vehicles involved in this crash. This includes: • Motor Vehicles In-Transport (Inside or Outside the Trafficway) • Motor Vehicles Not In-Transport Within the Trafficway • Motor Vehicles Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway • Working Motor Vehicles (Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility only) For detailed explanations and examples of each, please see (V5) UNIT TYPE. Important things to consider: • You must have at least one motor vehicle “In-Transport” involved in the crash to be considered a FARS or CRSS case. • Do not include Phantom or Non-Contact Vehicles (i.e., a vehicle that did not directly contact another vehicle and has no harmful event in the crash). • It is possible to have a case where one vehicle sets something into motion, and then the thing set into motion hits another vehicle. In this case, even though the two vehicles never made direct contact with each other, both vehicles would be considered contact vehicles and should be entered because they both had harmful events. For more information about set-in-motion cases, please see (C32) RELATED FACTORS – CRASH LEVEL, and (V29) AREAS OF IMPACT. • A vehicle that sets something into motion, striking a person or property and causes injury or damage is a contact vehicle and should be included in this count Step 3: Number of Person Forms for a Vehicle Enter the number of occupants in the vehicle. An occupant is any person who is part of a motor vehicle (i.e., in it, on it, or attached to it). For special handling of uninjured occupants for which there is NO Person Level data in the case materials, see “Created Records” below. There are three special rules for counting occupants when structuring a case: • Buses: For vehicle body types 50-52, 55, 58, and 59 you will enter ONLY the Driver (regardless of injury) and injured passengers when you are structuring the case. Do not include uninjured passengers. The total number of occupants (including uninjured occupants) will be added later on the Vehicle Form once your case has been created. • Unknown: If the actual number of motor vehicle occupants is unknown, include the driver, if there is one, plus all other known occupants in the count (even if there is no information on the PAR). • Uninjured Passengers with no information in the case materials: See Created Records below. Important things to consider: Persons ejected or who fall from a motor vehicle in-transport are still considered occupants of that vehicle for the duration of the unstabilized situation Step 4: Injury Severity Enter the injury severity for each of the Person Forms you entered in Steps 1 and 3. For detailed explanations and examples, please see P8/NM8 INJURY SEVERITY. Created Records This is intended to streamline data entry and only applies when information is not available for some or all uninjured passengers, as is the case in some states which do not require information to be 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 46 200. Form Coding Instructions collected for uninjured passengers. In these situations, the system automatically generates a created record with a set of standard values. A Created Record is generated when the total number of occupants (entered on the Vehicle form) is greater than this Number of Person Forms for a vehicle entered when structuring the case and the body type is not a bus (Body Types 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, or 59 [large buses]). If there are uninjured passengers of an in-transport motor vehicle (other than Body Types 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, or 59 [large buses]), the MDE will automatically populate all of the data elements on the "Created" Person Level (MV Occupant) Form generated by MDE. Because this is a shortcut to auto-fill data, and this data cannot be edited, ensure the values that would apply to each occupant exactly match the values shown in the table below. You will be prompted in MDE to confirm your acceptance of created records (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Created Records Message Case Structuring Inducing Created Records: 1. When structuring a case, enter the Number of Occupants excluding uninjured passengers for which you have no data anywhere in the case materials. 2. On the Vehicle form, code the Number of Occupants data element with the total number of occupants (both injured and uninjured) in the vehicle, as indicated in the case material. 3. Once the Body Type has been entered, and it is not a large bus, the system will generate "Created" Person Level (MV Occupant) forms for the additional occupants (i.e., forms for the uninjured passengers excluded when structuring in "1" above.). A confirmation message will appear (see Figure 1 above). Once confirmed, the system then fills in the form with the data shown in the Table below. In the following situations people must be counted when structuring a case in Number of Person Forms for a Vehicle: 1. If the vehicle is a large Bus (Body Types 50-52, 55, 58, 59), only the driver and injured bus passengers are to be entered into the system for these vehicles, and additional Person forms will not be automatically created. 2. Any driver or injured passenger of a motor vehicle in transport 3. Any occupant of a motor vehicle not in transport 4. Any uninjured passenger in a motor vehicle in-transport if the information for that passenger is in any way different than the table below. This is because if the information is different from below, then you must have additional information on that occupant. A Created Record cannot be edited and is populated with the following values: 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 47 200. Form Coding Instructions Created Records Standard Set of Values Element Name Age Sex Person Type Injury Severity Seating Position Restraint System/Helmet Use Any Indication of Mis-Use of Restraint System/Helmet Use Air Bag Deployed Ejection *Ejection Path *Extrication Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement *Method of Alcohol Determination (By Police) Alcohol Test Status Alcohol Test Type Alcohol Test Result Police Reported Drug Involvement *Method of Drug Determination (By Police) Drug Test Status Drug Test Type (1) Drug Test Results (1) Drug Test Type (2) Drug Test Results (2) Drug Test Type (3) Drug Test Results (3) Transported to First Medical Facility By *Died at Scene/En Route *Death Date *Death Time Person Related Factor (1) Person Related Factor (2) Person Related Factor (3) *Death Certificate Number *Fatal Injury At Work *Race *Hispanic Origin *FARS Only Elements Code 998 8 2 0 98 98 0 98 7 0 0 8 9 0 0 996 8 8 0 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 0 88 88 8888 8888 00 00 00 0s 8 00 00 Attribute Not Reported Not Reported Passenger of a Motor Vehicle in Transport No Apparent Injury (O) Not Reported Not Reported No Not Reported Not Reported Ejection Path Not Applicable Not Extricated/Not Applicable Not Reported Not Reported Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Not Reported Not Reported Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Test Not Given Not Transported Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable None None None Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Special Instructions for Hit-and-Run Vehicles: For uninjured passengers of hit-and-run vehicles, the Created Records are editable and each of the values in the table above can be edited as appropriate. The standard edit checks are activated. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 48 300. Data Element Coding Instructions 300. Data Element Coding Instructions 301. SECTION ORGANIZATION 301.1 For each element on the FARS forms, an instruction page follows in the order of the elements on the forms. In an element that is duplicated on more the one form, the instructions are provided in the first occurrence of the element with reference to the second occurrence. 301.1.1 The letters in the upper right hand corner refer to the forms: • ‘C’ – Crash Level Form • ‘V’ – Vehicle Level Form • ‘D’ – Driver Level Form • ‘PC’ – Precrash Level (Vehicle/Driver) Form • ‘P’ – Person Level (MV Occupant) Form • ‘NM’ – Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) Form 301.1.2 The Format section gives the type element and whether it must be coded for an original case or whether it can be changed. 301.1.3 The Element Value section lists the attributes for the element and their associated codes. 301.1.4 The Remarks section contains coding instructions, special instructions, etc., for the element. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 49 State Number – FARS Only C1, V1, D1, PC1, P1, NM1 State Number – FARS Only FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.STATE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01 02 04 05 06 08 09 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Attribute Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Codes 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Attribute Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Virgin Islands Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Definition: This element identifies the state in which the crash occurred. Remarks: None. Consistency Checks: Check IF (200P) CITY is greater than 0000 and less than 9997, and COUNTY is greater than 000 and less than 997, (220P) LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, and STATE is not equal to 02, (2300) LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, and STATE is not equal to 02, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN COUNTY and CITY must be valid codes for the STATE. CRASH TIME must equal 0300-0900, 9999. CRASH TIME must equal 1600-2200, 9999. 50 State Number – FARS Only Check (A010) (A940) IF STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, STATE NUMBER equals 02, 11, 52 (A945) STATE NUMBER equals 15, (A950) STATE NUMBER equals 09, 10, 25, 34, 36, 41, 43, 44, 50, 55, STATE NUMBER equals 01, 05, 06, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 37, 39, 42, 45, 47, 51, 53, 54, STATE NUMBER equals 04, 08, 16, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 38, 40, 48, 49, 56, STATE NUMBER equals 30, 32, 46 (A020) (A955) (A960) (A961) (G01P) (G02P) (G03P) (G04P) (G05P) (G06P) (V983) (V984) STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) is not equal to 77, 88, 99, STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) equals (1d), STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) equals (2d), STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) is not equal to 777, 888, 999, STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) equals (3d), STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) equals (4d), VEHICLE TRAILING equals 3, STATE does not equal 04, 08, 16, 18, 20, 30-32, 38-41, 46, 49, C1, V1, D1, PC1, P1, NM1 THEN CRASH TIME should equal 0300-1000, 9999. CRASH TIME should equal 1500-2359, 9999. maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 55. maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 60. maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 65. maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 70. maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 75. Maximum SPEED LIMIT (not including 98 or 99) should equal 80. LATITUDE (degrees) must be equal to, or greater than (1d), and LATITUDE (degrees) must not be greater than (2d). LATITUDE (minutes) must be equal to, or greater than (1s). LATITUDE (minutes) must not be greater than (2s). LONGITUDE (degrees) must be equal to, or greater than, (3d), and LONGITUDE (degrees) must not be greater than (4d). LONGITUDE (minutes) must be equal to, or greater than (3s). LONGITUDE (minutes) must not be greater than (4s). STATE should equal 04, 08, 16, 18, 20, 30-32, 38-41, 46, 49. VEHICLE TRAILING should not equal 3. Consistency Check (FARS Only) Check Language (U370) UNLIKELY: EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 8 if STATE NUMBER does not equal 17, 34, 48, 49, or 53. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 51 Consecutive Number – FARS Only C2, V2, D2, PC2, P2, NM2 Consecutive Number - FARS Only FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.ST_CASE ELEMENT VALUES: • 0001-9999 Assigned Number Definition: This element identifies the unique case number assigned by the data entry system. Remarks: Please complete FARS forms with the MDE assigned case number. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 52 Crash Level Data Elements Crash Level Data Elements C1 – State Number – FARS Only C2 – Consecutive Number – FARS Only C3 – Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles C4 – Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted C5 – Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted C6 – County / C7 City – FARS Only C8 – Crash Date C9 – Crash Time C10 – Trafficway Identifier – FARS Only C11 – Route Signing – FARS Only C12 – Land Use and Functional System – FARS Only C13 – Ownership – FARS Only C14 – National Highway System – FARS Only C15 – Special Jurisdiction – FARS Only C16 – Milepoint – FARS Only C17 – Global Position C18 – Crash Events C19 – First Harmful Event C20 – Manner of Collision C21 – Relation to Junction C22 – Type of Intersection C23 – Relation to Trafficway C24 – Work Zone C25 – Light Condition C26 – Atmospheric Conditions C27 – School Bus Related C28 – Rail Grade Crossing Identifier – FARS Only C29 – Notification Time EMS – FARS Only C30 – Arrival Time EMS – FARS Only C31 – EMS Time at Hospital – FARS Only C32 – Related Factors – Crash Level C33 – Interstate Highway – CRSS Only C34 – Stratum – CRSS Only C35 – Police Jurisdiction – CRSS Only Additional State Information 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 53 Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles C3 C3 - Number of Forms Submitted for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.PEDS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00-99 Attributes Actual Number Definition: This element records the number of Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) forms that are applicable to this case. Remarks: This count will match exactly the persons counted in the case structure field “Number of Persons Not in Motor Vehicles” (formerly called “Number of Non-Motorist Forms Submitted”). Occupants of any motor vehicle in-transport, parked/stopped off roadway motor vehicles, working motor vehicles, or motor vehicles in motion outside the trafficway will not be counted in this field. The count for this field includes: 1. Occupants of a Non-Motor Vehicle Transport Device (persons riding in an animal-drawn conveyance, on an animal, injured occupants of railway trains) - Person Type (NM7) attribute 04 (Occupant of a Non-Motor Vehicle Transport Device). 2. Pedestrians, Bicyclists and Other Cyclists - Person Type (NM7) attributes: “05, 06, and 07.” 3. Other Persons on Personal Conveyances (i.e., skaters, wheel chair occupants) – Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) form Person Type attribute 08 (Person on Personal Conveyances). 4. Any injured persons outside the trafficway that are not in a motor vehicle (in buildings) - Person Level (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) form Person Type attribute 10 (Persons In/On Buildings). Consistency Checks: Check IF (5Y0F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, (CSI4) (PB34) (PB35) NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES must equal the actual number of persons not in motor vehicles in this case. NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES must not equal 00. -- PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING -CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN must not equal 320, 330, 360, 680, 830, 890, 900 or 910. PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING -CRASH LOCATION PEDESTRIAN must equal 1. 54 Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted C4 C4 - Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.VE_TOTAL ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-999 Attributes Actual Number Definition: This element records all contact motor vehicles which the officer has reported on the Police Accident Report (PAR) as a unit involved in the crash. Remarks: Included are: in-transport vehicles, not in-transport vehicles (parked/stopped off roadway/ working motor vehicles) or vehicles located outside the trafficway boundaries. When identifying contact vehicles for this count: 1. Remember all vehicles that are part of the unstabilized situation are part of the crash. Therefore, when recording the number of vehicles involved, the vehicles need not make contact with one another. They need only have a harmful event as part of the unstabilized situation. For example, two vehicles are traveling through an intersection when a pedestrian steps into the roadway. The first vehicle strikes the pedestrian and the second vehicle swerves to avoid the first, loses control, and overturns. Both vehicles in this situation are “contact” vehicles; therefore, this is a two-vehicle crash. 2. Even though there are no injuries in the vehicle or the amount of damage sustained is below the state threshold, if the vehicle is involved in a harmful event it is still a contact vehicle within the entire crash and should be included in this count even if the vehicle information section is not completed on the PAR. IMPORTANT: Remember, you must have at least one motor vehicle “In-Transport” involved in the crash for this to be a reportable case. Consistency Checks: Check IF (050P) PERSON TYPE equals 04-08, 19, and NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 001, (1A0P) RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 14, (2Z0F) (428P) (429P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 12, 14, 45, 54, 55, CRASH TYPE equals 20-91, NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 001, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NONMOTORIST must equal 001. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. CRASH TYPE must equal 00, 01-16, 92, 98, 99. 55 Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted Check (42AP) (431P) (432P) (670F) (A080) (A090) (AZDQ) (CSI1) (CSI2) IF NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLES FORMS SUBMITTED equals 001, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 02, 04, 06-08, and ATTEMPTED AVOIDANCE MANEUVER equals 00 or 01, NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 002, and UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-8, 9 for one vehicle, NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 001, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 14, 45, 54, 55, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, and NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 002, NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED is greater than 001, DRIVER MANEUVERED TO AVOID equals 04, NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS must equal the actual number of Vehicle Level forms for this case. There must be exactly one Driver Level form corresponding to each Vehicle Level form. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C4 THEN CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) should equal 01-06, 08-14 or 19. UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE for the other vehicle must equal 0. UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE must equal 0. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. one RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 20. there should be at least one vehicle with TRAVEL SPEED of 001-151, 997-999, or blanks. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. -- -- 56 Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted C5 C5 - Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms Submitted FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.PERSONS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 000-999 Attributes Actual Number Definition: This element records the number of Person Level (Motor Vehicle Occupant) forms that are applicable to this case. Remarks: This element is derived when structuring the case. See 204. How to Structure a Case section for remarks. Consistency Check: Check Language (CSI3) NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANT FORMS SUBMITTED must equal the actual number of Person Level (Motor Vehicle Occupant) forms for this case. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 57 County / City – FARS Only C6/C7 C6 - County / C7 City - FARS Only FORMAT: one set 3 numeric, one set 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.COUNTY, Person.COUNTY, Accident.CITY ELEMENT VALUES: County: Codes 000 001-996 997 998 999 Attributes Not Applicable GSA Codes Other Not Reported Unknown City: Codes 0000 0001-9996 9997 9898 9999 Attributes Not Applicable GSA Codes Other Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element refers to the location of the unstabilized event. Remarks: COUNTY and CITY are considered one field. Both must be submitted at the same time. If COUNTY only is known, CITY may be 9999 (Unknown). Code CITY as 0000 (Not Applicable) if the crash does not occur within city limits. Code CITY as 9997 (Other) if CITY is other than those given by the GSA Codes. Code CITY as 9999 (Unknown) if crash location is unknown. Code COUNTY as 997 (Other) if COUNTY is other than those given by the GSA Codes. Code COUNTY as 999 (Unknown) if location is unknown. In general, Not Applicable should be used when there is no GSA code for the crash location. Other should be used when the Analyst knows there is a GSA code for the location, but the attribute does not appear on the master GSA code list provided by NHTSA Headquarters. Both situations should be reported to NHTSA Headquarters. Not Reported If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code Not Reported in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 58 County / City – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (200P) CITY is greater than 0000 and less than 9997, and COUNTY is greater than 000 and less than 997, (210P) CITY is greater than 0000 and less than 9997, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C6/C7 THEN COUNTY and CITY must be valid codes for the STATE. COUNTY must not equal 999. 59 Crash Date C8 C8 - Crash Date FORMAT: 2 sets of 2 numeric and 1 set of 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.DAY, Vehicle.DAY, Person.DAY, parkwork.PDAY, Accident.MONTH, Accident.DAY_WEEK, Accident.YEAR; Vehicle.MONTH; Person.MONTH; parkwork.PMONTH ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01-12 01-31 Current (pre-printed) Attributes Month Day Year Definition: This element identifies the date on which the crash occurred. Remarks: If the PAR indicates that the crash (usually a hit-and-run) occurred between some PM and AM time (e.g., 8:00 PM and 6:00 AM) on either a preceding or following day, code the crash as occurring on the following day. If a range of days is indicated (e.g., between Sunday and Friday), code the last date of the range (e.g., Friday). FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: In cases where the crash date is reported as Unknown on the PAR, refer to the death certificate for the death date to establish the crash date. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: The date of the crash is rolled up from CRSS sampling program. If the date of the crash is unknown, use the date the crash was reported. If the time of the crash is unknown, record the time as 9999. If the month cannot be determined from the PAR, enter the month of the Ending Contact Date from the Inventory Record. If the crash date on the PAR does not match the crash date shown on the data entry screen and it is determined that the crash date on the PAR is correct, the crash date is corrected. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1C0P) the MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, (3K0P) DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be less than or equal to CRASH DATE. (3U0P) DEATH DATE equals CRASH DATE, and CRASH TIME is not equal to 9999, (4V1F) INJURY SEVERITY equals 4, (4V2F) CRASH MONTH equals 12, and DEATH MONTH equals 01, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the vehicle MODEL YEAR must not be greater than CRASH YEAR plus ONE. -- DEATH TIME must not be less than CRASH TIME. DEATH DATE and DEATH TIME for this person must be within 720 hours of the CRASH DATE and CRASH TIME. DEATH YEAR must equal CRASH YEAR plus 1. 60 Crash Date Check (4V3F) (4V4F) C8 (A030) IF CRASH MONTH equals 12, CRASH MONTH equals 02-11, and DEATH MONTH is not equal to 88 or 99, CRASH MONTH equals 01, and DEATH MONTH is not equal to 88 or 99, The Year of DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be within five years of the Year of CRASH DATE. DEATH DATE must not be less than CRASH DATE. DEATH YEAR equals 9999, MAKE is not 97, 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, (A040) CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, (FP4F) (V620) CRASH DATE is blank, case status is flawed. CRASH MONTH is between January and March, (4V5F) (5K0P) (6V0P) (7V0F) (921P) Consistency Check (FARS Only) Check IF (P520) CRASH DATE and DEATH DATE are the same, and CRASH TIME and DEATH TIME are the same, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DEATH MONTH must equal 01, 12, 88, 99. DEATH MONTH must equal CRASH MONTH or CRASH MONTH plus 1. DEATH MONTH must equal CRASH MONTH or CRASH MONTH plus 1 or CRASH MONTH plus 2. -- -CRASH MONTH must not be 01-11. MODEL YEAR must equal ___, or CRASH YEAR plus 1. ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS should not equal 03, 04, 11, 12. ROADWAY SURFACE CONDITIONS should not equal 03, 04, 10. -the VEHICLE MODEL YEAR should NOT be greater than the CRASH YEAR unless it equals 9998 or 9999 (contact Coding Assistance through the CDAN Helpdesk.). THEN TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY should equal 0, and DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE should equal 7. 61 Crash Time C9 C9 - Crash Time FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Hour, Accident.Minute; Vehicle.HOUR, Vehicle.MINUTE, Person.HOUR, Person.MINUTE, parkwork.PHOUR, parkwork.PMINUTE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0000-2359 9999 Attributes Valid military time (Code midnight as “0000”) Unknown Definition: This element identifies the time at which the crash occurred. Remarks: Enter the time at which the crash occurred as shown on the PAR. This is the preferred time in all cases. If the crash time is not reported, unknown, or known to be in error, then all available information in the case materials should be used to determine Crash Time. If the hour cannot be determined, then enter 9999 (Unknown). If the PAR indicates the crash occurred during some time interval of greater than one hour (e.g., 8:00 PM to 6:00 AM, or 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM), enter 9999 (Unknown). However, if the interval is one hour or less, code the midpoint of the interval. Examples: • 8:00 PM to 9:00 PM, enter 2030 • 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM, enter 2100 • 8:50 PM to 9:30 PM, enter 2110 When the time is available but AM versus PM is not shown on the PAR, base the time on Light Condition (e.g., time is 10:00, LIGHT CONDITION is 2 (Dark - Not Lighted); code as 2200). Midnight or 12 AM is coded as 0000 in military time and is the start of a new day. One minute after midnight is 12:01 and is coded as 0001. AM - Starts at 00:00 Midnight PM - Starts at 12:00 Noon If the case materials state the crash occurred at the beginning or early moments of the day, midnight is coded as 0000. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: If the day of the crash and the day of EMS Notification do not have the same date, then be sure to use attribute 18 (Date of Accident and Date of EMS Notification Were Not the Same Day) in RELATED FACTORS - CRASH LEVEL. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 62 Crash Time C9 How to Code Midnight: In general, code midnight as 0000. However, there may be confusion over which day midnight falls into. CRASH TIME is recorded between 00:00-23:59. Midnight is coded as 0000 to represent the beginning of a new day. This may not be the practice followed in your sources. Therefore, you have to determine which part of the day is being considered in your sources. End of Day: If your data sources give you a Crash Date and are consistent in talking about the end of that day, when they give the time of the crash as midnight, 12:00-midnight, 24:00 or 00:00, then you should code Crash Time as 2359. Beginning of Day: If your sources give a Crash Date and are consistent in referring to the beginning or early moments of that day when they give a crash time, code midnight as 0000. See remarks - Notification/Arrival Time EMS, EMS Arrival At Hospital. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: The time of the crash is rolled up from CRSS sampling program. If the time of the crash is unknown, record the time as 9999 (Unknown). If the time of the crash on the PAR does not match the crash time shown on the data entry screen and it is determined that the crash time on the PAR is correct, then the crash time should be changed to reflect the time listed on the PAR. Consistency Checks: Check IF (220P) LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, and STATE is not equal to 02, (2300) LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, and STATE is not equal to 02, (3U0P) DEATH DATE equals CRASH DATE, and CRASH TIME is not equal to 9999, (4V1F) INJURY SEVERITY equals 4, (A010) (A020) (A041) (A050) (A060) (A070) (FP5F) (P56P) STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, CRASH TIME equals 0900-1600, CRASH TIME equals 2300-0400, NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998 or 9999, CRASH TIME is blank, case status is flawed. DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE equals 7, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN CRASH TIME must equal 0300-0900, 9999. CRASH TIME must equal 1600-2200, 9999. DEATH TIME must not be less than CRASH TIME. DEATH DATE and DEATH TIME for this person must be within 720 hours of the CRASH DATE and CRASH TIME. CRASH TIME should equal 0300-1000, 9999. CRASH TIME should equal 1500-2359, 9999. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 48. LIGHT CONDITION should not equal 2-6. LIGHT CONDITION should not equal 1, 4, 5, 9. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS should not be more than 120 minutes later than CRASH TIME. -DEATH TIME should be within 30 minutes of the CRASH TIME. 63 Crash Time Consistency Checks (FARS Only): Check IF (P520) CRASH DATE and DEATH DATE are the same, and CRASH TIME and DEATH TIME are the same, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C9 THEN TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY should equal 0, and DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE should equal 7. 64 Trafficway Identifier – FARS Only C10 C10 - Trafficway Identifier - FARS Only FORMAT: 2 sets, 30 alphanumeric SAS NAME: Accident.TWAY_ID; Accident.TWAY_ID2 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes -9s Attributes Actual Posted Number, Assigned Number, or Common Name (if no posted or assigned number) except: Unknown Definition: This element captures the identity (name) of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. Remarks: Beginning in 2004, a second trafficway identifier was added to accommodate intersection and intersection-related crashes where the officer provides the identifier for the second trafficway. For Non-Junction Crashes: Code the trafficway identifier from the police report or highway department in the top row. Leave the bottom row blank. For Intersection Crashes (Not Within an Interchange Area): Code the trafficway identifier for the trafficway with the highest function class in the top row. Code the second trafficway identifier at the intersection, if provided by the police, in the bottom row. If the vehicles are traveling on different roadways of equal class, assign the crash to the roadway on which the motor vehicle precipitating the crash is traveling and record this roadway in the top row. For Intersection-Related Crashes (Not Within an Interchange Area): Code the trafficway identifier for the trafficway provided by the police in the top row. This does not necessarily have to be the highest functional class. In all cases, this will be the trafficway where the first harmful event occurred or the Unstabilized Situation began. Code the second trafficway identifier at the intersection, if provided by the police, in the bottom row. For Intersection Crashes Within an Interchange Area: If the first harmful event occurs within the intersection of a ramp and the surface roadway: • Code the trafficway identifier provided on the police report or highway log in the top row (this does not necessarily have to be the highest function class). • Code Route Signing for the trafficway in the top row. • It is important to code the Land Use and Functional System, Ownership, and National Highway System for the highest class of trafficway at this intersection. • Use the bottom row to record the second trafficway identifier provided by the police for this intersection. For Intersection-Related Crashes Within an Interchange Area: Code the trafficway identifier for the trafficway provided by the police in the top row. In many cases, this will be the trafficway where the first harmful event occurred or the Unstabilized Situation began. Code the second trafficway identifier at the intersection, if provided by the police, in the bottom row. For Ramp Crashes: If the crash occurs on the ramp or is related to the ramp, include the word “RAMP” and/or the ramp ID number after the trafficway’s identifier (e.g., I-10 RAMP). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 65 Trafficway Identifier – FARS Only C10 General Guidelines for Coding Trafficway Identifier: This data is obtained from the State Highway Department, or if same as that used by the State Highway Department, from the police accident report. Enter all alphabetic characters with CAPITAL LETTERS. If less than 30 characters, left-justify and do not zero-fill. • Use standard abbreviations for the street name suffix (ex. AVE, BLVD, CT, FWY) (see FARShelf for full list of USPS street abbreviations). • Do not enter the street address where the crash occurred. For example, 245 Elm St. would be entered as ELM ST. • Do not enter milepoints here following the trafficway even if provided on the report. Milepoints are entered in the element Milepoint. • Do not enter a cross street referenced by the investigating officer for a non-junction crash. For example, if the report states: “the crash occurred on Main Street, 0.6 miles south of Girard Avenue,” Girard Avenue does not go in Trafficway Identifier 2. Trafficway Identifier 2 is reserved for intersection and intersection-related crashes. • If a trafficway is known to have both a route identifier and a common name record the route identifier first followed by the common name (Example: State Route 3 is also Indian Head Highway would be coded as SR-3 Indian Head Hwy). Obtained from the State Highway Department, or if same as that used by the State Highway Department, from the police accident report. • If Route Signing is 1 (Interstate), you must enter “I-” in the first two spaces of Trafficway Identifier. • If Route Signing is 2 (US Highway), you must enter “US-” in the first three spaces of Trafficway Identifier. • If Route Signing is 3 (State Highway), you must enter “SR-” in the first three spaces of Trafficway Identifier. • If Route Signing is 4 (County Road), you must enter “CR-” in the first three spaces of Trafficway Identifier followed by the route number OR name if there is no number. Immediately after the route designation (I-, US- or SR-), you should enter the corresponding highway number. For example, Interstate 70 should be coded as “I-70” and US 66 should be coded as “US-66.” You must use a dash in the highway designation between the capital letters and the number. If one trafficway is both, a State Highway and an Interstate Highway, Route Signing must always be coded “1Interstate.” You should always try to obtain the route number and milepoint that correspond to the Route Signing (Interstate). a) If the Trafficway Identifier and Milepoint are available for only the State Highway then code Route Signing as 1 (Interstate), enter “I-” in the first two spaces of Trafficway Identifier followed by the full State Highway Identifier as normal (including any letters.) Code the State Highway Milepoint under the element Milepoint. Example: If California business loop (CA215) is also Interstate 15, then code “I-SR215” or “I-CA215.” b) If the Trafficway Identifier and Milepoint are available for both the State Highway and the Interstate Highway, enter “I-” in the first two spaces of Trafficway Identifier followed by the Interstate number. You may then also enter the State Highway Identifier anywhere after the Interstate route number. Code the Interstate Milepoint under the element Milepoint. Example: “I-15” (SR215) or “I-15” (CA215) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 66 Trafficway Identifier – FARS Only C10 Similarly, if a State Highway is also a US Highway, Route Signing must always be coded “2-US Highway.” You should always try to obtain the route number and milepoint that correspond to the Route Signing (US Highway). a) If the Trafficway Identifier and Milepoint are available only for the State Highway, then code Route Signing as 2 (US Highway), enter “US-” in the first three spaces of Trafficway Identifier followed by the full State Highway Identifier as normal (including any letters). Code the State Highway Milepoint under the element Milepoint. Example: If Florida Route 25 is also US Route 27, then code “US-SR25” or “US-FL25.” b) If the Trafficway Identifier and Milepoint are available for both the US Highway and the State Highway, enter “US-” in the first three spaces of Trafficway Identifier followed by the US route number. You may then also enter the State Highway Identifier anywhere after the US route number. Code the US Route Milepoint under the element Milepoint. Example: “US-27” (SR25) or “US-27” (FL25). Overlapping Roadways of Equal Function Class For situations where you are presented with a roadway with two equal functional class identifiers for the same roadway, such as a stretch of roadway that is both US-10 and US-25, record both trafficways in Trafficway Identifier #1 using the “slash” format. The lower number trafficway should appear before the slash (e.g., “US10/25”). This would also apply to Interstates, State and County roadways with two designations of equal class. Other Land Ways Crashes that occur on parking lot ways or other privately owned land ways open to the public for transportation will likely not be named in the State Highway Department inventory. If the police provide a name for this trafficway, use that name. If however, you are provided a street address OR the name of the adjacent trafficway (i.e. not the location where the crash occurred) OR the location information is blank enter “NONE”. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1F1P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, (340P) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (341P) (350P) (351P) (360P) the first position of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “I” and the second position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 2, the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “US” and third position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 3, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the second TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER should be blank. the first position of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “I” and the second position must be “-”. ROUTE SIGNING must equal 1 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “US” and the third position must be “-”. ROUTE SIGNING must equal 2 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “SR” and the third position must be “-”. 67 Trafficway Identifier – FARS Only Check (361P) (362P) IF the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “SR” and third position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 4, (781P) TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 02-07, 10, (AC0A) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 03, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C10 THEN ROUTE SIGNING must equal 3 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFIC-WAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “CR” and the third position must be “-”. TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER (b) should not be blank. the second TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER should not be all blank. 68 Route Signing – FARS Only C11 C11 - Route Signing - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.ROUTE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Attributes Interstate U.S. Highway State Highway County Road Local Street - Township Local Street - Municipality Local Street - Frontage Road Other Unknown Definition: This element identifies the route signing of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. Remarks: Before coding this element, be certain of which trafficway is to be coded. This element is coded with respect to the trafficway in the top row of Trafficway Identifier. If there is any question, refer to the remarks section of Trafficway Identifier for a hierarchy for selecting the appropriate trafficway to be coded. CODING FRONTAGE ROADS If the crash occurs on a frontage road which is part of a larger, higher order trafficway (such as Interstate, U.S. Highway or State Route), use the following guideline to code the highway elements: • Code Trafficway Identifier and Land Use and Functional System (b) for the 01 (Interstate), 02 (Principal Arterial - Other Freeways and Expressways) or 04 (Minor Arterial) • Code Route Signing 7 (Local Street - Frontage Road) Make sure to include the highway designation in Trafficway Identifier when using 7 (Local Street - Frontage Road). See Trafficway Identifier. If the Frontage Road is a separate trafficway, code all highway elements for that trafficway. Frontage Road is not used. 8 (Other) includes ‘Other Limited Access’ and ‘Other Major Artery.’ Federal Highway Administration classification obtainable from the State Highway Department must be used. No other classification source is acceptable. Refer problems in obtaining the FHWA classification to Regional State Assignee. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 69 Route Signing – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (260P) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (320P) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and ROUTE SIGNING does not equal 7, (330P) NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, (340P) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (341P) (350P) (351P) (360P) (361P) the first position of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “I” and the second position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 2, the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “US” and third position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 3, (362P) the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 equals “SR” and third position equals “-”, ROUTE SIGNING equals 4, (A280) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (A290) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (A291) (A300) (A310) (A320) (A330) (A350) (A360) (A700) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, 2, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, RELATION TO JUNCTION(b) equals 07, SPEED LIMIT is greater than 65 for every vehicle, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C11 THEN NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM must equal 1. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM must equal 1. ROUTE SIGNING must not equal 1. the first position of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “I” and the second position must be “-”. ROUTE SIGNING must equal 1 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “US” and the third position must be “-”. ROUTE SIGNING must equal 2 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “SR” and the third position must be “-”. ROUTE SIGNING must equal 3 or 7. the first two positions of TRAFFIC-WAY IDENTIFIER #1 must be “CR” and the third position must be “-”. SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 1-5, 8, 9. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02-04, 06, 08, 16. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 5, 6. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 2, 3, 6 for at least one vehicle. TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for any vehicle. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 05-40 for any vehicle. ROADWAY SURFACE TYPE should equal 1, 2, 8 for at least one vehicle. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 10. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 4. ROUTE SIGNING should equal 1-4. 70 Route Signing – FARS Only Check (A820) (A840) (A850) (A882) (A920) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, ROUTE SIGNING equals 7, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 02, and ROUTE SIGNING equals 2, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C11 THEN ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should equal 01-03. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 1. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 02, and ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 2. 71 Land Use and Functional System – FARS Only C12 C12 - Land Use and Functional System - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric occurring 1 time, 2 numeric occurring 1 time SAS NAME: TBD ELEMENT VALUES: C12a: Land Use Codes Attributes 1 Rural 2 Urban 6 Trafficway Not in State Inventory 8 Not Reported 9 Unknown C12b: Functional System Codes Attributes 01 Interstate 02 Principal Arterial – Other Freeways and Expressways 03 Principal Arterial – Other 04 Minor Arterial 05 Major Collector 06 Minor Collector 07 Local 96 Trafficway Not in State Inventory 98 Not Reported 99 Unknown Definition (Land Use): The classification of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred based on the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved adjusted Census boundaries of small urban and urbanized areas. Definition (Functional System): This element identifies the functional classification of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. Remarks: Before coding this element, be certain of which trafficway is to be coded. This element is coded with respect to the trafficway selected in NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM, OWNERSHIP, ROUTE SIGNING, and in the top row of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER. The exception would be an intersection accident in an interchange. Please see the remarks below and in TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER for a hierarchy for selecting the appropriate trafficway to be coded. Code the value that represents the FHWA approved Land Use and Functional System. FHWA classification obtainable from the State Highway Department must be used. No other classification source is acceptable. Refer problems in obtaining the FHWA classification to the state DOT planning office. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 72 Land Use and Functional System – FARS Only C12 Land Use: 6 (Trafficway Not in State Inventory) is used when a qualifying motor vehicle traffic accident occurs on a trafficway that is not included in the state highway inventory. Examples include accidents that occur on parking lot ways or other privately owned landways open to the public for transportation. 8 (Not Reported) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway but the information to record LAND USE is missing or unavailable. 9 (Unknown) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway, but it is unknown if the crash location is within the boundaries of an urban area. If LAND USE is unknown, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM, OWNERSHIP and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM can still be coded with known values. For example, it may be known that the crash occurred somewhere along on an interstate. Thus the trafficway is owned by the state and is part of the NHS. However, it may not be known if the location was within urban boundaries or not. Functional System: 96 (Trafficway Not in State Inventory) is used when a qualifying motor vehicle traffic accident occurs on a trafficway that is not included in the state highway inventory. Examples include accidents that occur on parking lot ways or other privately owned landways open to the public for transportation. 98 (Not Reported) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway but the information to record FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM is missing or unavailable. 99 (Unknown) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway, but the functional classification of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred can’t be determined or the applicable segment can’t be determined. If FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM is unknown, LAND USE, OWNERSHIP and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM can still be coded with a known value. For example, it may be known that the crash occurred within or outside urban boundaries (LAND USE). However, the trafficway may change classification along its length and the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred may not be known. NON-JUNCTION CRASHES Assign the crash to the trafficway on which the first harmful event occurred. If the first harmful event occurred on private property, assign the crash to the trafficway on which the vehicle was traveling when the Unstabilized Situation began. INTERSECTION CRASHES (Not Within an Interchange) In an at-intersection crash, assign the crash to the highest function class of trafficway at the intersection. If the vehicles are traveling on different roadways of equal class, assign the crash to the roadway on which the motor vehicle precipitating the crash is traveling. INTERSECTION CRASHES (Within an Interchange) Interchange crashes that occur in an intersection of a ramp that connects a higher and a lower class trafficway should be assigned to the highest-class trafficway. For example: vehicle #1 strikes vehicle #2 in the intersection of the I-270 ramp and US-10. Code FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM as 01 (Interstate). Ramps are part of the highest class of trafficway to which they connect. Therefore, if a crash occurs on a ramp, including in the merge/diverge lanes, and it is not an Intersection crash, it is assigned to the highest class of trafficway to which the ramp connects. Example: vehicle #1 overturns on the ramp of I-270 and US-10. Code 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 73 Land Use and Functional System – FARS Only C12 FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM 01 (Interstate). This includes intersection-related and entrance/exit ramp related crashes for RELATION TO JUNCTION. OTHER CRASHES (Within an Interchange) For other crashes that occur within an interchange, other than intersection crashes, code Functional System for the trafficway on which the vehicles were traveling. Example, vehicle #1 strikes vehicle #2 on US-10 bridge within the I-270 interchange (not in the intersection of any ramp, or on any ramp). Code FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM for US-10 and not I-270. QUESTIONABLE CASES In any questionable case, the higher function class takes precedence. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1T0P) SPEED LIMIT for every vehicle is greater than 55, and not equal to 98 or 99, (300P) NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, (320P) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and ROUTE SIGNING does not equal 7, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, (A110) (A11A) (A12A) (A13A) (A14A) (A15A) (A150) (A160) (A170) (A180) (A190) (A200) FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, either FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) or OWNERSHIP equals 96, LAND USE (a) equals 6, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 96, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 99, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01-06, ROADWAY SURFACE TYPE equals 3-5 for every vehicle, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 02, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (a) should not equal 2 or 6, and LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 06, 07, or 96. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) must not equal 01. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM must equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01-03. OWNERSHIP must equal 01 or 31. both must equal 96. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) must equal 96. LAND USE a must equal 6. LAND USE (a) should equal 9, OWNERSHIP should equal 99, and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 9. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02-04, 06, 08. ROADWAY SURFACE TYPE should equal 1, 2, 8 or 9 for at least one vehicle. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01-06. SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 1-5, 8, 9. SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 4. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 06, 07 or 96. 74 Land Use and Functional System – FARS Only Check (A210) (A220) (A230) (A240) (A250) (A720) (A810) (A840) (A850) IF LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 10, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01-03, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 03, 05, 20, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, ROUTE SIGNING equals 7, (A860) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 02, and ROUTE SIGNING equals 2, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 1, (A883) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (A900) SPEED LIMIT equals 60, 65 for every vehicle, (A910) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 04-07 or 96, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, (A920) (U684) (U685) (U686) UNLIKELY LAND USE (a) equals 8. UNLIKELY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 98. UNLIKELY LAND USE and FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (a/b) equals 9, 99. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C12 THEN TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 0104, 07, 20, 23, 40, 50, 65. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 05-40 for any vehicle. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01-03. TRAVEL SPEED should not equal 005-040 for any vehicle. TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 2, 3, 6 for at least one vehicle. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should equal 01-03. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should equal 01-03. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 04-07 or 96. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 0, 9. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 02, and ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 2. ---- 75 Ownership – FARS Only C13 C13 - Ownership - FARS Only FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: TBD ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01 02 03 04 11 12 21 25 26 27 31 32 40 50 60 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 72 74 80 96 98 99 Attributes State Highway Agency County Highway Agency Town or Township Highway Agency City or Municipal Highway Agency State Park, Forest or Reservation Agency Local Park, Forest or Reservation Agency Other State Agency Other Local Agency Private (other than Railroad) Railroad State Toll Road Local Toll Authority Other Public Instrumentality (i.e., Airport) Indian Tribe Nation Other Federal Agency Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Fish and Wildlife U.S. Forest Service National Park Service Tennessee Valley Authority Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Reclamation Corps of Engineers Air Force Navy/Marines Army Trafficway Not in State Inventory Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the entity that has legal ownership of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred. Remarks: Before coding this element, be certain of which trafficway is to be coded. This element is coded with respect to the trafficway selected in NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM, ROUTE SIGNING, and in the top row of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER. The exception would be an intersection accident in an interchange. Please see the remarks section of TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER for a hierarchy for selecting the appropriate trafficway to be coded. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 76 Ownership – FARS Only C13 Code the level of government that best represents the highway owner irrespective of whether agreements exist for maintenance or other purposes. • "State" means owned by one of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico including quasi-official State commissions or organizations; • "County, local, municipal, town, or township" means owned by one of the officially recognized governments established under State authority; • "Federal" means owned by one of the branches of the U.S. Government or independent establishments, government corporations, quasi-official agencies, organizations, or instrumentalities; • "Other" means any other group not already described above or nongovernmental organizations with the authority to build, operate, or maintain toll or free highway facilities. • Only private roads that are open to public travel (e.g., toll bridges) are to be reported in HPMS. 96 (Trafficway Not in State Inventory) is used when a qualifying motor vehicle traffic accident occurs on a trafficway that is not included in the state highway inventory. Examples include accidents that occur on parking lot ways or other privately owned landways open to the public for transportation. 98 (Not Reported) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway but the information to record Ownership is missing or unavailable. 99 (Unknown) is used when the crash occurred on a reportable trafficway, but it can’t be determined which entity has legal ownership of the segment of the trafficway on which the crash occurred or the applicable segment can’t be determined. If OWNERSHIP is unknown, LAND USE and FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM can still be coded with known values. For example, it may be known that the crash occurred in an urban area on a minor collector that is not part of the NHS. However, the location detail may not be sufficient to determine ownership (e.g., 03 (Town or Township Highway Agency) or 04 (City or Municipal Highway Agency)). Federal Highway Administration classification obtainable from the State Highway Department must be used. No other classification source is acceptable. Refer problems in obtaining the FHWA classification to the state DOT planning office. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A11A) FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, (A12A) either FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) or OWNERSHIP equals 96, (A15A) FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 99, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN OWNERSHIP must equal 01 or 31. both must equal 96. LAND USE (a) should equal 9, OWNERSHIP should equal 99, and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 9. 77 National Highway System – FARS Only C14 C14 - National Highway System - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.NHS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 9 Attributes This section IS NOT on the NHS This section IS ON the NHS Unknown if this section is on the NHS Definition: This element identifies whether or not this crash occurred on a trafficway that is part of the National Highway System. Remarks: The National Highway System includes the Interstate System, and consists of principal arterial system routes and some Strategic Highway Network connectors functionally classified below principal arterial. Federal Highway Administration classification obtainable from the State Highway Department must be used. No other classification source is acceptable. Refer problems in obtaining the FHWA classification to Regional State Assignee. Consistency Checks: Check IF (260P) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (300P) NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, (320P) (330P) (A15A) (A850) (A860) (A910) (A920) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and ROUTE SIGNING does not equal 7, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 99, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 02, and ROUTE SIGNING equals 2, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 1, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 04-07 or 96, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM equals 0, 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM must equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) must not equal 01. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM must equal 1. ROUTE SIGNING must not equal 1. LAND USE (a) should equal 9, OWNERSHIP should equal 99, and NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 9. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should equal 01-03. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM should equal 0, 9. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 02, and ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 2. 78 Special Jurisdiction – FARS Only C15 C15 - Special Jurisdiction - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.SP_JUR ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 Attributes No Special Jurisdiction National Park Service Military Indian Reservation College/University Campus* Other Federal Properties* Other Unknown Definition: This element identifies if the location on the trafficway where the crash occurred qualifies as a Special Jurisdiction even though it may be patrolled by state, county, or local police (e.g., all State highways running through Indian reservations are under the jurisdiction of the Indian reservation). Remarks: Road must be under the regulation of Special Jurisdiction, although it may be patrolled by state, county, or local police forces. There is a difference between a National Park and National Forest. Only areas described as National Parks should be 1 (National Park Service). State parks should be coded as 8 (Other) and National Forests should be coded as 0 (No Special Jurisdiction). State highways running through Indian Reservations must be coded as 3 (Indian Reservation). * These values are unlikely occurrences and will raise an error flag. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A180) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, (A190) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 02, (A280) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, (U010) UNLIKELY: SPECIAL JURISDICTION equals 4, 5. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 1-5, 8, 9. SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 4. SPECIAL JURISDICTION should not equal 1-5, 8, 9. -- 79 Milepoint – FARS Only C16 C16 - Milepoint - FARS Only FORMAT: 5 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.MILEPT ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0000.0 -9999.8 9999.9 Attributes None Actual to Nearest Tenth Mile Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the milepoint nearest to the location where the crash occurred. Remarks: Refer to the remarks section under LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM for the hierarchy of selecting the trafficway to be coded. Code the MILEPOINT for the respective TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER. For crashes that occur on entrance or exit ramps use the milepoint associated with the ramp location with respect to the trafficway to which it belongs. When transitioning between two trafficways of equal functional class choose the milepoint of the exiting trafficway. Obtained from the Police Accident Report (PAR) or from the State Highway Department. Code the actual Milepoint to the nearest .1 mile with decimal. Right justify if less than 5 digits. For example, if Milepoint is 10, you must code “0010.0.” 9999.8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 9999.8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 80 Global Position C17 C17 - Global Position FORMAT: 8 numeric, 9 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Latitude/Accident.Longitud ELEMENT VALUES: Codes --7s 8s 9s Attributes Latitude (dd.mm.ss.ss) (degrees/minutes/seconds) Longitude (ddd.mm.ss.ss) (degrees/minutes/seconds) Not Reported Not Available Unknown Definition: This element identifies the location of the crash using Global Position coordinates. Remarks: “Global Position” refers to the geographic location of the crash. It is expressed in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds of Latitude; and Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds of Longitude: Latitude: dd mm ss.ss (Degrees/Minutes/Seconds) Longitude: ddd mm ss.ss (Degrees/Minutes/Seconds) In some instances, your source documents may display Longitude as a negative (-) number. You may disregard the minus (-) sign. Right-Justify Degrees and Minutes: Note that Longitude Degrees can be up to three digits. Code Degrees less than three digits in the right-most positions and “0s” to the left. Code Latitude or Longitude Minutes less than two digits in the right-most position with “0s” to the left. Examples: Longitude “77 degrees – 7 minutes - no seconds” is coded 077 07 00.00; Longitude “80 degrees - no minutes - no seconds” is coded 080 00 00.00; Latitude “30 degrees - one minute - 30 seconds” is coded 30 01 30.00. Latitude and Longitude Seconds: Code the value of Latitude or Longitude Seconds to two significant places after the decimal. If the Latitude or Longitude Seconds precision is less than two decimal positions, enter “0s” in the right-most positions of Seconds. Always right-justify any data before the decimal point with added “0s” to the left (e.g., 5.1 seconds is 05.10 with no spaces before the decimal point). 7s (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 7s (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 81 Global Position C17 9s (Unknown) is selected if the investigating officer reported that the global position of the crash was not known. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: The state Police Accident Report (PAR) may include the geographic location in a format compatible with this element, or the State Highway Department may be able to provide it from a state Geographic Information System (GIS) or Global Positioning System (GPS). A Geo-locator tool is available on the FARS microcomputer to assist generating latitude and longitude when they are not available through state sources. If data is unknown, code all “9s.” For example, if you are in a state that does record geographic location coordinates, but you don’t have those coordinates, and the Geo-locator tool cannot provide the coordinates, the data is unknown. Code the complete valid Latitude and Longitude, if available, if not blank and if not unknown. You must code valid Latitude or Longitude minutes and seconds when coding a valid value for Latitude or Longitude degrees. (For example: Latitude - 38 99 99.99 is invalid.) CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: This data element is only coded if it is present on the PAR and in Lat/Long format, otherwise code as Not Reported. Consistency Checks: Check IF (G01P) STATE is ____ and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) is not equal to 77, 88, 99, (G02P) (G03P) (G04P) (G05P) (G06P) (G07P) (G08P) (G09P) (G10P) (G11P) STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) equals (1d), STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LATITUDE (degrees) equals (2d), STATE is ____ and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) is not equal to 777, 888, 999, STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) equals (3d), STATE is ____, and GLOBAL POSITION LONGITUDE (degrees) equals (4d), any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LATITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 8s, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LONGITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 8s, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LATITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 9s, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LONGITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 9s, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LATITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is blank, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN LATITUDE (degrees) must be equal to, or greater than (1d), and LATITUDE (degrees) must not be greater than (2d). LATITUDE (minutes) must be equal to, or greater than (1s). LATITUDE (minutes) must not be greater than (2s). LONGITUDE (degrees) must be equal to, or greater than (3d), and LONGITUDE (degrees) must not be greater than (4d). LONGITUDE (minutes) must be equal to, or greater than (3s). LONGITUDE (minutes) must not be greater than (4s). all parts of LATITUDE must be all 8s. all parts of LONGITUDE must be all 8s. all parts of LATITUDE must be all 9s. all parts of LONGITUDE must be all 9s. all parts of LATITUDE must be blank. 82 Global Position Check (G12P) (G0AP) (G0BP) IF any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LONGITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is blank, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LONGITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 7s, any part of GLOBAL POSITION - LATITUDE (degrees, minutes or seconds) is all 7s, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C17 THEN all parts of LONGITUDE must be blank. all parts of LONGITUDE must be all 7s. all parts of LATITUDE must be all 7s. 83 Crash Events C18 C18 - Crash Events FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: (See Below) Remarks: The Crash Events table records in chronological sequence, the set of events resulting from an unstabilized situation that constitutes a motor vehicle traffic crash. The “crash” is concluded in time when all events which originate from the unstabilized situation are stabilized. The Crash Events table is designed to provide a coded description of all qualifying events which occurred in the crash. With this coded chronological sequence of qualified crash events, traffic safety analysts can review the entire series of events involving in-transport motor vehicles. Various areas of concern to the highway safety community can be easily assessed using this data. For instance, the injury severity in crashes can be assessed relative to the number and type of impacts involved. Likewise, certain collision configurations that may create a greater hazardous condition for the occupants can be identified. Other possible areas of analysis would be the mix of vehicles sizes or the types of objects the different classes of vehicles impact. To complete the Crash Events table, each event for each vehicle is recorded in the order in which they occur, time-wise, based on the description of the crash from the crash report narrative, diagram or other relevant case materials. Crash Events includes both harmful and non-harmful events that occur in the crash. Recording of Crash Events ends at the last harmful event of the entire crash. Therefore, a non-harmful event (e.g., Crossing the Centerline) that occurs following the last harmful event of the crash will not be included. The Crash Events table is completed based on the actions of the in-transport motor vehicle(s) in the case. Consequently, other involved traffic units (parked motor vehicle, pedestrian, etc.) are only identified in the events for the in-transport motor vehicle that contacted it. If the crash report includes an event that involves only not in-transport motor vehicles and/or non-motorists, that specific event is not entered as an event in the coded crash sequence. Examples Include: • Not in-transport vehicle impacts pedestrian, other not in-transport vehicle, or fixed object • Pedestrian or pedalcyclist impacts an object, a not in-transport vehicle, other non-motorist *Note: Data recorded in the Crash Events table is used to derive the following data elements: 1. First Harmful Event (FHE) – the first injury or damage producing event in each crash. 2. Areas of Impact / Initial (AOI/Initial) – the first Areas of Impact value for each vehicle 3. Sequence of Events (SOE) – all events (harmful and non-harmful) associated with each in-transport motor vehicle in the table. For items identified in a “damaged property” section on the report, include all items listed associated with the applicable vehicle in the best order that can be determined. If the actual order cannot be determined, use the listed order of items. In a multi-vehicle crash, if it cannot be determined which vehicle is associated with the damaged property listed; assign these items to the vehicle most likely to be associated with this property. If this cannot be established, omit these events. C18 Crash Events Table Columns 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 84 Crash Events C18 Event Number FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.EVENTNUM; Vevent.EVENTNUM ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-999 Attributes Actual Number Remarks: This is a computer assigned number beginning with ‘001.’ The event number(s) show the chronological sequence of the qualifying harmful and non-harmful events in the crash. Qualifying events are those which involve an in-transport motor vehicle or an object set-in-motion by an in-transport motor vehicle. In the MDE system this will be the row position and not displayed as a column in the entry table. Vehicle Number (This Vehicle) FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.VNUMBER1; Vevent.VNUMBER1 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-999 Attributes Actual Number Remarks: Enter the number of the in-transport motor vehicle associated with the event in the Sequence of Events column of the Crash Events Table. Vehicles are assigned the PAR’s vehicle number unless a vehicle number from the PAR is not used in the case (e.g., non-contact vehicle). Areas of Impact (This Vehicle) FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.AOI1; Vevent.AOI1 ELEMENT VALUES: * Codes 00 01-12 13 14 61 62 63 81 82 83 18 19 98 99 Attributes Non-Collision Clock Points Top Undercarriage Left Left-Front Side Left-Back Side Right Right-Front Side Right-Back Side Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion Other Objects Set-In-Motion Not Reported Unknown 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 85 Crash Events C18 Remarks: Identifies the contact point (if applicable) for the vehicle coded in Vehicle Number (This Vehicle) associated with this event. If the event is a Collision event, code the value that identifies the impact area or indicates this vehicle set an object in motion. If the event is a Non-Collision event, use the attribute 00 (NonCollision). If the event is a Non-Harmful event, then skip entry of an Areas of Impact (This Vehicle) value for that event. This field uses the same values and Remarks as the Vehicle Level data element Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point. The Vehicle Level data element Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point is derived from the Crash Events Table and will always be the first recorded areas of impact value for each vehicle in the table. Sequence of Events FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.SOE; Vevent.SOE ELEMENT VALUES: Non-Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 61 Equipment Failure (blown tire, brake failure, etc.) 62 Separation of Units 63 Ran Off Roadway-Right 64 Ran Off Roadway-Left 79 Ran off Roadway - Direction Unknown 71 End Departure 65 Cross Median 68 Cross Centerline 66 Downhill Runaway 67 Vehicle Went Airborne 69 Re-entering Roadway 70 Non-harmful, Swaying Trailer/Jackknife 60 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (non-harmful) Non-Collision Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 01 Rollover/Overturn 02 Fire/Explosion 03 Immersion or Partial Immersion 04 Gas Inhalation 51 Jackknife (harmful to this vehicle) 06 Injured in Vehicle (Non-Collision) 44 Pavement Surface Irregularity (Ruts, Potholes, Grates, etc.) 07 Other Non-Collision 72 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (harmful to this vehicle) 16 Thrown or Falling Object 05 Fell/Jumped from Vehicle 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 86 Crash Events C18 Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: Codes Attributes 12 Motor Vehicle In-Transport 54 Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport 55 Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway Collision with Object Not Fixed: Codes Attributes 08 Pedestrian 09 Pedalcyclist 10 Railway Vehicle 74 Road Vehicle on Rails 11 Live Animal 49 Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance 18 Other Object (Not Fixed) 15 Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance 14 Parked Motor Vehicle 45 Working Motor Vehicle 73 Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport Collision with Fixed Object: Codes Attributes 17 Boulder 19 Building 58 Ground 20 Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion 50 Bridge Overhead Structure 21 Bridge Pier or Support 23 Bridge Rail (Includes Parapet) 24 Guardrail Face 52 Guardrail End 25 Concrete Traffic Barrier 57 Cable Barrier 26 Other Traffic Barrier 59 Traffic Sign Support 46 Traffic Signal Support 30 Utility Pole/Light Support 31 Other Post, Other Pole, or Other Supports 32 Culvert 33 Curb 34 Ditch 35 Embankment 38 Fence 39 Wall 40 Fire Hydrant 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 87 Crash Events Codes 41 42 48 53 43 C18 Attributes Shrubbery Tree (Standing Only) Snow Bank Mail Box Other Fixed Object Unknown Codes Attributes 99 Unknown Remarks: This data element is derived from the Crash Events Table. Recording of Crash Events ends at the last harmful event of the entire crash. Therefore, a non-harmful event (e.g., Crossing the Centerline) that occurs following the last harmful event of the crash will not be included. Correction to the Sequence Events order must be made by revision to the Crash Events Table. This field uses the same values and Remarks as the Vehicle Level data element Sequence of Events. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A042) CRASH EVENTS-SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 17, 19-21, 23-26, 30-35, 38-43, 52, 53, 57 for a vehicle, (A612) PERSON TYPE equals 04, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals ____, (A619) the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 05 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, (A61A) the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 08 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, (A61B) the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 10 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, THEN at least one previous CRASH EVENTS-SEQUENCE OF EVENTS should equal 63, 64, 71 or 79 for that vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 10 or 49 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. the number of events equal to 08 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. the number of events equal to 15 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. the number of events equal to 08 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. Vehicle Number (Other Vehicle) FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.VNUMBER2; Vevent.VNUMBER2 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-999 Attributes Actual Number Remarks: This identifies the vehicle number of the vehicle contacted by the motor vehicle in-transport recorded in “Vehicle Number (This Vehicle).” This field is applicable only when the event is a collision between two motor vehicles (i.e., Sequence of Events codes 12, 54, 55, 14 or 45). If the event is not a collision between two motor vehicles, then Vehicle Number (Other Vehicle) is not applicable and left blank. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 88 Crash Events C18 Areas of Impact (Other Vehicle) FORMAT: (Completed in MDE) SAS NAME: Cevent.AOI2; Vevent.AOI2 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01-12 13 14 61 62 63 81 82 83 18 19 98 99 Attributes Non-Collision Clock Points Top Undercarriage Left Left-Front Side Left-Back Side Right Right-Front Side Right-Back Side Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion Other Objects Set-In-Motion Not Reported Unknown Remarks: Identifies the contact point (if applicable) for the vehicle coded in Vehicle Number (This Vehicle) associated with this event. If the event is a Collision event, code the value that identifies the impact area or indicates this vehicle set an object in motion. If the event is a Non-Collision event, use the attribute 00 (NonCollision). If the event is a Non-Harmful event, then skip entry of an Areas of Impact (This Vehicle) value for that event. This field uses the same values as the Vehicle Level data element Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point. The Vehicle Level data element Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point is derived from the Crash Events Table and will always be the first recorded areas of impact value for each vehicle in the table. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 89 First Harmful Event C19 C19 - First Harmful Event FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.HARM_EV; Vehicle.HARM_EV; Person.HARM_EV; parkwork.PHARM_EV ELEMENT VALUES: Non-Collision Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 01 Rollover/Overturn 02 Fire/Explosion 03 Immersion or Partial Immersion 04 Gas Inhalation 51 Jackknife (harmful to this vehicle) 06 Injured in Vehicle (Non-Collision) 44 Pavement Surface Irregularity (Ruts, Potholes, Grates, etc.) 07 Other Non-Collision 16 Thrown or Falling Object 72 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (harmful to this vehicle) 05 Fell/Jumped from Vehicle Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: Codes Attributes 12 Motor Vehicle In-Transport 54 Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport 55 Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway Collision with Object Not Fixed: Codes Attributes 08 Pedestrian 09 Pedalcyclist 10 Railway Vehicle 74 Road Vehicle on Rails 11 Live Animal 49 Ridden Animal or Animal Drawn Conveyance 18 Other Object (Not Fixed) 15 Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance 14 Parked Motor Vehicle 45 Working Motor Vehicle 73 Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 90 First Harmful Event C19 Collision with Fixed Object: Codes Attributes 17 Boulder 19 Building 58 Ground 20 Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion 50 Bridge Overhead Structure 21 Bridge Pier or Support 23 Bridge Rail (Includes Parapet) 24 Guardrail Face 52 Guardrail End 25 Concrete Traffic Barrier 57 Cable Barrier 26 Other Traffic Barrier 59 Traffic Sign Support 46 Traffic Signal Support 30 Utility Pole/Light Support 31 Other Post, Other Pole, or Other Supports 32 Culvert 33 Curb 34 Ditch 35 Embankment 38 Fence 39 Wall 40 Fire Hydrant 41 Shrubbery 42 Tree (Standing Only) 48 Snow Bank 53 Mail Box 43 Other Fixed Object Unknown Codes Attributes 99 Unknown Definition: The First Harmful Event is defined as the first injury- or damage-producing event of the crash. Remarks: on following page. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 91 First Harmful Event C19 Non-Collision Harmful Events Non-Collision events involving motorcycles and vehicles with a “load”: Non-Collision events may occur before or after a collision event. They should not be coded as a separate event if they occur as part of a collision event. Examples: • A motorcycle strikes a deer, overturns and the rider becomes separated from the vehicle. Code the collision event, not the non-collision “Rollover/Overturn” and “Fell/Jumped from Vehicle” that occur as part of the collision event. • One tractor/trailer rear-ends another tractor/trailer. The impact pushes the lead vehicle’s load into the back of the tractor cab with part falling onto the roadway. Code the collision event, not the noncollision “cargo-loss or shift” that occurred as part of the collision event. 01 (Rollover/Overturn) is used when a motor vehicle rotates (rollover) at least one quarter turn onto its side or end. For motorcycles, laying the motorcycle down on its side is sufficient to code 01 (Rollover/Overturn) as a harmful event if damage or injury is produced, even though the data element Rollover is not applicable to motorcycles. If there is a 01 (Rollover/Overturn) that begins in another location but involves a ditch or embankment in the case (e.g., “rolled through the ditch,” “rolled down the embankment,” “came to rest against the embankment”), then the rule applies where if there is no damage associated with an impact with the fixed object during the rollover, it is not included in the Crash Events. If there is indication that damage resulted from an impact with the fixed object, it is included in the Crash Events. This follows the same logic as striking a tree or another vehicle during an overturn. Note: For medium/heavy trucks with attached trailers by fixed linkage, when either the power unit or the trailer rolls over, the entire vehicle will be considered a rollover. 02 (Fire/Explosion) is used for a vehicle fire or explosion that occurs during the crash sequence or as a result of the crash. As it pertains to the occurrence of 02 (Fire/Explosion), the crash circumstances are not considered stabilized until the threat of damage to this vehicle, or injury consequences to this vehicle's occupants, has ceased. Therefore, the crash sequence is not considered stabilized until all occupants have exited the vehicle and the scene has been declared safe by police or other authority. Fires that occur at a later time to vehicles abandoned at the scene (e.g., in open fields, on hillsides, etc.) or to vehicles removed from the scene to another location (tow yard, curbside, etc.) are not considered part of the crash sequence. 03 (Immersion or Partial Immersion) is used when an in-transport motor vehicle enters a body of water and results in injury or damage. This code would also be used if the vehicle came to rest in water and the depth cannot be ascertained from case materials. NOTE: In immersion fatalities the injury to the person may be noted as “drowning”. 04 (Gas Inhalation) includes injury or death as a result of toxic fumes, such as carbon monoxide fumes leaking from a motor vehicle in-transport. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 92 First Harmful Event C19 51 (Jackknife [harmful to this vehicle]) applies to a condition that occurs to an articulated vehicle, (any vehicle with a trailing unit(s) connected by a hitch; e.g., truck tractor or single-unit truck with one or more trailers, articulated bus, car pulling a boat on a trailer, etc.) while in motion. The condition reflects a loss of control of the vehicle by the driver in which the trailer(s) yaws from its normal straight-line path behind the power unit, striking the power unit, causing damage to the power unit or trailer. Jackknife should only be coded as a harmful event if there is clear indication of damage to the jackknifed vehicle or injury to its occupants caused by the jackknife. 06 (Injured in Vehicle [non-collision]) is used when an occupant is injured during an unstabilized situation without a collision, excluding cargo/equipment loss or shift. Examples: Driver slams on brake, causing an unrestrained passenger to be injured. Driver makes a sharp turn causing driver to strike head on side window, knocking driver unconscious. 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]) is used when the pavement surface irregularity is on a paved surface. Other examples include indication of contact with a dip, depression, low spot, trough, etc.) If the impact is with a surface irregularity (e.g. ruts, potholes) not on a paved surface use the 58 (Ground). For a vehicle that "bottoms out" on the paved surface (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity, use attribute 07 (Other Non-Collision). 07 (Other Non-Collision). Non-collision not captured in the listed non-collision attributes. Examples: • Damage to the vehicle produced by its own dislodged vehicle parts (including hood flying up and contacting the windshield). • A vehicle “bottoms out” on the roadway (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity. For impacts on the roadway due to pavement surface irregularities should be coded 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]). 16 (Thrown or Falling Object) is used when any object (1) is thrown (intentionally or unintentionally) and impacts an in-transport vehicle, or (2) falls onto, into, or in the path of an in-transport motor vehicle. If a tree limb falls from a tree and is contacted by a car, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). If a person maliciously throws an object off an overpass into traffic below, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). This excludes contacts made by loads or objects set in-motion by a motor vehicle (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)). 72 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [harmful to this vehicle]) refers specifically to the loss or shift of items carried on or in a motor vehicle or its trailing unit, and not to the vehicle, its parts or trailing unit, itself. This attribute is only used when the injury- or damage-producing event in the crash is the loss or shift of cargo in/on a vehicle causing damage to that vehicle, its cargo, or injury to its occupants. This attribute should never be used to refer to a “collision” event (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)). Example: A pickup truck brakes rapidly to avoid a collision. This causes a piece of lumber in the pickup bed to smash through the rear window. 05 (Fell/Jumped from Vehicle) is used when an occupant of this vehicle falls or jumps (not suicide) from the vehicle causing injury. For example, an occupant of a motor vehicle in-transport leans against the car door, it opens and the occupant falls out; or a person riding on a vehicle’s exterior (hood, roof, running board, etc.) falls or jumps, and is injured by the fall. If an occupant falls or jumps from a vehicle and is struck by that vehicle, use this attribute. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 93 First Harmful Event C19 Collision with a Motor Vehicle In-Transport 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles intransport making contact within the trafficway boundaries. In-transport means that the motor vehicle is inmotion or on the roadway portion of a trafficway. 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact by something set-in-motion by one of the vehicles. In these circumstances, both vehicles will have this attribute extracted and included in their SEQUENCE OF EVENTS. In crashes involving harmful events caused by objects set-in-motion by a Motor Vehicle in-transport, remember that a vehicle’s load is considered part of the vehicle. Examples: • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes another motor vehicle in-transport, this is treated as a two-vehicle crash. Therefore, the proper code for both vehicles is 54 (Motor Vehicle InTransport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in- Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion). • If an in-transport vehicle strikes an at-rest object in the roadway that was previously cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport, the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for that event is 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport). If that object is then propelled into another motor vehicle in-transport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute for this next event is 54 (Motor Vehicle InTransport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). • If an in-transport vehicle strikes an at-rest object in the roadway that was not cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport, the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for that event is 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). If that object is then propelled into another motor vehicle in-transport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS code for this next event is 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (This Vehicle) column is coded 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). This attribute does not apply when the cargo, persons or objects set-in-motion by an in-transport motor vehicle strikes something other than another in-transport motor vehicle. In this case, use the applicable "collision with non-fixed object", or "collision with fixed object" code for the thing struck by the cargo, person, or object set-inmotion. Examples: • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes another vehicle that is not in-transport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute is 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) or 45 (Working Motor Vehicle) depending on which type of not in-transport vehicle was contacted by the load and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion). • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes a pedestrian, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENT attribute would be 08 (Pedestrian) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 94 First Harmful Event • C19 If a pedestrian is struck by an at-rest object propelled by an in-transport vehicle (e.g., parked motor vehicle, stop sign, etc.), the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute for this harmful event is 08 (Pedestrian) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 19 (Other Objects Set-InMotion). 55 (Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact outside the trafficway boundaries in a motor vehicle traffic crash. Example: A vehicle loses control attempting to turn into a gas station and strikes another vehicle pulling away from the pump in the station lot. Collision with Object Not Fixed 08 (Pedestrian) is used for all those not on a personal conveyance. A person pushing a vehicle should be coded 08 (Pedestrian). A person being carried by another person should also be considered a 08 (Pedestrian). 09 (Pedalcyclist) is used for any person on a non-motorized other road vehicle propelled by pedaling. Examples include a bicycle, tricycle, unicycle or pedal car. 10 (Railway Vehicle) is any land vehicle that is (1) designed primarily for, or in use for, moving persons or property from one place to another on rails and (2) not in use on a land way other than a railway. • Inclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way • Exclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails) is any land vehicle on rails operating in a trafficway. • Inclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway • Exclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way, Street car/trolley or electric bus operating on tires. 11 (Live Animal) is used for collisions with live animals (domesticated or wild) that are not themselves being used as transportation or to draw a wagon, cart or other transport device (see ANSI D16.1). Default to 11 (Live Animal) if it cannot be determined if the struck animal is alive, dead or if it was being ridden or drawing a transport device. Use 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance) for ridden animals and animals drawing transport devices. See 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) for an animal carcass. 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) is used when a motor vehicle in-transport strikes a non-fixed object that is known NOT to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport or when it is UNKNOWN whether the object was the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport (i.e., refers to objects such as a dead body, animal carcass, construction cones or barrels, an unattached trailer, a bicycle without a rider or downed tree limbs or power lines, debris from a prior crash). For objects that have become separated from a motor vehicle in-transport not as a result of a prior crash, use attribute 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle InTransport). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 95 First Harmful Event C19 15 (Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance) is used for pedestrians using personal conveyances. A personal conveyance is a device, other than a transport device, used by a pedestrian for personal mobility assistance or recreation. These devices can be motorized or human powered, but not propelled by pedaling. Inclusions: 1. Rideable toys a. Roller Skates, in-line skates b. Skateboards c. Skates d. Baby carriage e. Scooters f. Toy Wagons 2. Motorized rideable toys a. Motorized skateboard b. Motorized toy car 3. Devices for personal mobility assistance a. Segway-style devices b. Motorized and non-motorized wheelchair c. Handicapped scooters Exclusions: 1. Golf cart 2. Low Speed Vehicles (LSVs) 3. Go-carts 4. Minibike 5. “Pocket” motorcycles 6. Motor scooters 7. Moped 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) is used when the impact occurred between a motor vehicle in-transport and a motor vehicle neither on a roadway nor in motion. A vehicle stopped off the roadway, its door open over a roadway, is not in-transport. 45 (Working Motor Vehicle) is used to indicate the motor vehicle contacted was in the act of performing construction, maintenance or utility work related to the trafficway when it became an involved unit. This “work” may be located within open or closed portions of the trafficway and motor vehicles performing these activities can be within or outside the trafficway boundaries. This code does not include private construction/maintenance vehicles, or vehicles such as garbage trucks, delivery trucks, taxis, emergency vehicles, tow trucks, etc. Examples: 1. Asphalt/steam roller working in a highway construction zone paving the roadway or flattening dirt. 2. State highway maintenance crew painting lane lines on the road, mowing grass on the roadside or median, repairing potholes, removing debris from the roadway, etc. 3. Utility truck or a “cherry picker”, performing maintenance on power lines along the roadway or maintaining a traffic signal. 4. A private excavating company contracted by the State digging the foundation for a new overpass. 5. A state, county or privately owned snow plow, plowing ice/snow as part of a highway maintenance activity. 6. Street sweeper sweeping the street. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 96 First Harmful Event 7. 8. C19 A vehicle in a mobile work convoy displaying arrow boards or other signaling devices warning motorists of the work activity. A law enforcement vehicle which is participating strictly in a stationary construction or mobile maintenance activity as a traffic slowing, control, signaling or calming influence. NOTE: Before 2004, this code was called Transport Device Used as Equipment. It included other working activities in addition to construction, maintenance and utility work on trafficways. From 2004 forward, code “45” excludes working activities other than highway construction, maintenance or utility vehicles (e.g., garbage truck picking up trash, mail/delivery trucks while making deliveries, personal vehicles plowing snow, etc. These are considered motor vehicles In-transport). Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level 42 (Other Working Vehicle [Not Construction, Maintenance, Utility, Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle]) to identify these vehicles. A question may arise when a police, fire or emergency medical vehicle is struck on the roadway while at the scene of a crash, at a traffic stop, or as traffic control. The question becomes, “has its function changed from being a motor vehicle in-transport to a working vehicle?” The answer is “no.” Treat these situations as a motor vehicle in-transport striking another motor vehicle in-transport. Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level 41 (Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle Working at the Scene of an Emergency or Performing Other Traffic Control Activities) to identify that this vehicle was struck while performing these work activities. 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when a motor vehicle in- transport impacts a non-fixed object at rest that is known to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle intransport. Do not use this attribute for debris from a prior crash. This attribute does not include vehicle occupants that are ejected or fall from a motor vehicle in-transport. (Example: Motorcycle operator falling from a motorcycle.) For people falling from a motor vehicle see non-collision event 05 (Fell/Jumped From Vehicle). For impacts involving two motor vehicles in transport resulting from cargo, persons, or objects set in motion see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by another Motor Vehicle In-Transport). For example, if cargo that fell from a vehicle and was at rest in the roadway is struck, this attribute would apply. If the cargo was at rest in the roadway as a result of a prior accident, use attribute 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). Collision with Fixed Object The attributes 58 (Ground), 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch), and 35 (Embankment) are grouped under the Collision with Fixed Object subset because they are intended to be harmful events in the crash (i.e. – they are associated with an impact that produces injury or damage). When coding these events there must be fields on the PAR or verbiage in the narrative such as "struck," "hit," "impacted," etc. that identify these as harmful. For cases where the indication of the harmful event came from the narrative, there may not be a corresponding indication of damage in any PAR field. In these instances, code the harmful event as stated in the narrative and include the corresponding attribute under Areas of Impact. If there is no indication of damage from contact with the fixed object in fields on the PAR and the narrative language does not identify it as a harmful event (e.g., “came to rest on the embankment" or "drove through" or "drove across" the ditch and/or the embankment, or "drove over" the curb do not code 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch) or 35 (Embankment) in the Sequence of Events. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 97 First Harmful Event C19 Guidelines for PAR Combination Attributes: If there is no clarification in the case materials, default to the first attribute listed in the combination. For example, if a PAR attribute identifies "Earth Embankment/Rockcut /Ditch", code 35 (Embankment) unless the narrative clearly indicates one of the other attributes (e.g. "rockcut" or "ditch"). 17 (Boulder) is a rock of sufficient mass that when struck by a motor vehicle moves very little and remains basically intact. It may be considered as a fixed object. 19 (Building) is used when the vehicle impacts a roofed and walled structure built for permanent use. The type of construction material used is not of interest, nor is the use of the building. 58 (Ground) is used when the impact is with an earthen or paved surface off of the roadway. 58 (Ground) is not to be entered when the harmful event is 01 (Rollover/Overturn). Indication of furrowing, gouging, or digging in of the tires/wheels is not sufficient to code the collision event 58 (Ground). For example, if the PAR narrative states; “the trucks tires dug into the turf causing the vehicle to roll over,” the harmful event should be 01 (Rollover/Overturn). 20 (Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion) is a device for controlling the absorption of energy released during vehicle collision (crash cushion). Its most common application involves the protection of fixed roadside objects such as bridge piers, elevated gores at exit ramps, etc. Examples include barrels filled with water or sand, and plastic collapsible structures. 50 (Bridge Overhead Structure) is used when striking the bottom of a bridge while traveling on a trafficway underneath it. See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) is a square or round column of stone, concrete, brick, steel or wood for supporting a bridge between abutments. This attribute includes the bridge abutments which are supporting the ends of a bridge. Abutments are generally designed for retaining or supporting the embankment under bridge ends and composed of stone, concrete, brick or wood (includes the wing-walls). See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) is a wooden, brick, stone, concrete, or metal fence-like structure which runs along the outer most edge of the roadway or sidewalk on the bridge or a rail constructed along the top of a parapet. Balustrade is often used synonymously with parapet. See See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. • Bridges do not need to support another roadway. It may be an overpass for a train or even for a viaduct (water conduit). 24 (Guardrail Face) is a low barrier that has the primary longitudinal structure composed of metal (plates, mesh, box beam, etc.). A guardrail is differentiated from 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) by the material making up the greatest part of the longitudinal portion of the structure. In the case of guardrails, this is metal whereas in concrete barriers this is concrete (including concrete rails). If the crash report does not differentiate between guardrail face and end, default to guardrail face. Guardrails, which serve as bridge rails, should be coded as 23 (Bridge Rails [includes Parapet]). 52 (Guardrail End) is used if a vehicle strikes the end of a guardrail. Guardrails can have a separate flat or rounded piece of metal attached to the end of an expanse of guardrail face. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 98 First Harmful Event C19 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) refers to the longitudinal traffic barriers constructed of concrete. This includes all temporary concrete barriers regardless of location (i.e., temporary Jersey Barrier on a bridge being used to control traffic during bridge repair/construction). Concrete walls (vertical side surfaces) do not apply here; see 39 (Wall). 57 (Cable Barrier) refers to a flexible barrier system which uses several cables typically supported by steel posts. These barriers are designed to help lessen impact or keep vehicles within the confines of the road. 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) is used for all other longitudinal barriers such as wood or rock. 59 (Traffic Sign Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic sign, or the sign itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. This includes mile marker posts and signs above the trafficway. 46 (Traffic Signal Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic signal, or the signal itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) refers to supports for highway lighting systems, not including other private lighting systems (e.g., parking lot lights). 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) is used for electrical, telephone, cable & other utility pole-type supports. 31 (Other Post, Other Pole, or Other Supports) is used for posts other than highway signs, utility poles, or light supports. (e.g., reflectors on poles alongside of roadway, parking meters, flag poles, etc.). For mail box posts, use 53 (Mail Box). For fence posts, use 38 (Fence). 32 (Culvert) is a man-made drain or channel crossing under a road, sidewalk, etc. 33 (Curb) is a concrete or asphalt structure that borders the paved surface. It provides drainage control and pavement edge delineation. The face of the curb may be sloped or vertical. Ensure that the PAR provides some indication that damage has occurred when a vehicle strikes a curb. This attribute includes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators. For example, if the report identifies the vehicle struck/collided with a traffic island, channelizing island, raised median, or separator use 33 (Curb) not 43 (Other Fixed Object). 34 (Ditch) includes any man-made structure for drainage purposes. A ditch ends where a culvert begins and resumes on the opposite side of the culvert. Reference to a “ditchbank”, “embankment of the ditch”, or “ditch embankment” should be coded under 34 (Ditch). 35 (Embankment) is a raised structure to hold back water, to carry a roadway or the result of excavation or washout (including erosion) which may be faced with earth (or rock, stone or concrete). A 35 (Embankment) can usually be differentiated from a 39 (Wall) by its incline whereas a wall is usually vertical. However, there are exceptions to this; such as a retaining wall that may be inclined or a vertical embankment that is caused by a natural event such as a washout. In crashes involving a field approach or driveway crossing, use attribute 35 (Embankment) when no specific components (e.g., culverts or ditches) are identified. 38 (Fence) includes the fence posts. A Fence can be made of wood, chain link, stone, etc. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 99 First Harmful Event C19 39 (Wall) is a primarily vertical structure composed of concrete, metal, timber or stone which is not part of a building or a fence but typically is used for retaining earth, abating noise, and separating areas (but not for containment as in the primary function of a fence). Also included as 39 (Wall) is headwalls (or endwalls) that are sometimes provided on culvert ends principally to protect the sides of the embankment around the culvert opening against erosion. This does not include wing-walls, which are attached to ends of bridge abutments and extend back at an angle from the roadway. Wingwalls should be coded as 21 (Bridge Pier or Support). 40 (Fire Hydrant) refers to the roadside device used by fire departments to provide water for fighting fires. Usually made of steel, these devices are also referred to as fire plugs or fire stand pipes in some areas. 41 (Shrubbery) refers to vegetation which is usually of a woody multi-stemmed variety and in most instances is low growing rather than tall. May also be called bushes. Some common examples are boxwood, hawthorn, and mountain laurel. 42 (Tree [Standing Only]) is used when a vehicle strikes a standing tree. This includes impacts from overhanging branches, tree stumps or large cactus (Saguaro). If a vehicle strikes a fallen tree, use 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). If a tree falls on a vehicle as it is passing by, use 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). 48 (Snow Bank) is used when snowfall and/or road plowing creates essentially fixed barriers of snow/ice which are not snow-covered earth or rock embankments. 53 (Mail Box) refers to a private residence mail/newspaper box including the post. A cluster of private mailboxes is included in this attribute. This element does not include U.S. Mailbox, which are typically blue and are for general public use. Code a U.S. Mailbox as 43 (Other Fixed Object). 43 (Other Fixed Object) is used when the object is fixed (considered a permanent structure) and is not described by any of the other fixed object attributes. This attribute excludes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators (See also 33 (Curb).) Examples: • Bus shelters • • • • Pedestrian walkways Toll booths Guy wires supporting utility poles U. S. Mailbox for public use Other examples would include property damage to standing crops, yards and other vegetation (excluding: 41 (Shrubbery), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), and 58 (Ground)) if noted on the crash report. When the case materials identify a non-specific object impact, apply the following guidelines. If the case materials only identify the harmful event as: • "Fixed Object", then use 43 (Other Fixed Object) • "Sign", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Post", then use 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports) • "Sign Post", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Bridge", then use 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) when the vehicle is on top of the bridge, when the vehicle is going under the bridge, then use 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) • "Barrier", then use 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) Unknown 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 100 First Harmful Event Consistency Checks: Check IF (42CP) there are two vehicles involved in the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, (440F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, (450F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (460F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 02, (470F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 03, 08, 10, (480F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 04, 06, (490F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 05, (500F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01-11, 14-21, 23-26, 30-35, 44-53, 57-59, 72, 73, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 54, 55, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, (510F) (520F) (530F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 99, (531F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 11, (540F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 02, (550F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, (560F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 09, (570F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 05, 06, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C19 THEN those two vehicles’ CRASH TYPES must belong to the same CRASH TYPE Configuration. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 01-03, 09-11, 13, 16, 23, 98 or 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 14. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 02, 20. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 20, 22, 28, 98, 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 09, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 98, 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 24, 25. MANNER OF COLLISION must not equal 01, 02, 06-11, 98, 99. MANNER OF COLLISION must not equal 00. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE must not equal 0104, 07-09, 20-50, 98 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 09, 98, 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 11. the vehicle involved in the first harmful event must have FIRE OCCURRENCE equal to 1. at least one person must have PERSON TYPE equal 05, 10. at least one person must have PERSON TYPE equal to 06, 07. at least one PERSON TYPE equal to 01-03, 09 must have INJURY SEVERITY equal to 1-5 or blank. 101 First Harmful Event Check (580F) (590F) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, and RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL does not equal 32, 89 for at least one occupant in the not in-transport motor vehicle involved in the first harmful event, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 15, (5Y0F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, (670F) (9C0P) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 14, 45, 54, 55, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 55, (A041) CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, (A080) (A110) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, and NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 002, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT is not equal to 02, 04, 05, 10, 16, 18, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, (A350) (A370) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 99, (A380) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01 and this vehicle is involved in the first harmful event, and BODY TYPE does not equal 80-89 for this vehicle, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals _____, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 17, 19-21, 2326, 30-35, 38-43, 52, 53, 57, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 02-07,16, 44, 51, 72, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01-07, 16, 44, 51, 72, CRASH TYPE equals 13, (A100) (A390) (A3C0) (A3D0) (A3E0) (A41A) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 02, 04, 07, 16, 44 or 54, (A420) (A421) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 24, 25, 30, 33, 34, 35, 40, 46, 52, 57, 59, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C19 THEN RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01. at least one Person Level form must have a PERSON TYPE of 08. NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES must not equal 00. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. there must be at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 48. one RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 20. there should be one vehicle with TRAVEL SPEED of 001-151, 997-999, or blanks. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01-03. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 10. MANNER OF COLLISION should not equal 00, 0111. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER should equal _____ respectively. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01, 02, 07, 11. CRASH TYPE must equal 00 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE must not equal 20-91. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT must equal 08, 09, 11, 15 or 49. CRITICAL EVENT - PRECRASH (EVENT) should equal 98 for the vehicles involved in the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 06. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should equal 03, 04, 08 or 10. 102 First Harmful Event Check (A480) IF CRASH TYPE equals 00, (A4A0) (A4BP) CRASH TYPE equals 01-16, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54 or 55, (A4DP) (A4EP) (A60F) CRASH TYPE equals 20-91, CRASH TYPE equals 11, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, (A61F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 11, 15, 49, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, 02, 07, 11, and PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) is not equal to 00, 13 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event, the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and PERSON TYPE equals 05, and NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT THE TIME OF CRASH equals 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, and the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is involved in the first harmful event, the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 09, and PERSON TYPE equals 06, 07, and NONMOTORIST LOCATION AT THE TIME OF CRASH equals 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, and the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NONMOTORIST is involved in the first harmful event, the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 15, and PERSON TYPE equals 08, and NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT THE TIME OF CRASH equals 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, and the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is involved in the first harmful event, the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 49, and PERSON TYPE equals 04, and NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT THE TIME OF CRASH equals 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, and the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is involved in the first harmful event, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 18, 43 or 73, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01, (A61G) (A61H) (A61J) (A61K) (A62F) (A63F) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C19 THEN FIRST HARMFUL EVENT must equal 02-07, 16, 44, 51, 72. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT must not equal 12. CRASH TYPE must equal 98 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT must equal 12. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT must equal 14. CRASH TYPE must equal 01-11, 14, 15, 92, 98, 99. CRASH TYPE should equal 13 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE should not equal 13 for this vehicle. CRASH TYPE should not equal 13 for this vehicle. CRASH TYPE should not equal 13 for this vehicle. CRASH TYPE should not equal 13 for this vehicle. CRASH TYPE should equal 12 or 15 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE should equal 01-10, 98, 99 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. 103 First Harmful Event Check (A65F) (A66F) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, and RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL equals 32 or 89 for an occupant of the parked vehicle involved in the first harmful event, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, and CRASH TYPE equals 01-10 or 14, (A67F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, and CRASH TYPE equals 15, (A770) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A780) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A790) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A800) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A801) (A810) (A830) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (AC1A) (AM1P) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54, (AZ2P) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT does not equal 02-07, 16, 44, 51, 72, and CRITICAL EVENTPRECRASH (EVENT) equals 14, and ATTEMPTED AVOIDANCE MANEUVER equals 01, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals blank, case status is flawed. (A820) (FA0F) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C19 THEN CRASH TYPE should equal 15, 92 or 98 for the intransport vehicle involved in the First Harmful Event. RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL must not equal 32 or 89 for any occupant of the parked vehicle involved in the First Harmful Event. RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL should equal 32 or 89 for an occupant of the parked vehicle. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 01-04 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 00 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01, 07. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01, 02, 05, 07, 11. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 5. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 1. SPEED LIMIT should be less than 55 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. MANNER OF COLLISION should equal 11. one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. CRASH TYPE must equal 14 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. -- 104 First Harmful Event Check (PB34) (U640) (V750) IF NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, UNLIKELY: FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 02, 04, 06, 51, 72. UNLIKELY: FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 55, and MANNER OF COLLISION equals 10, 11. UNLIKELY: FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 99 UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-3, (V760) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 4-6, (V79P) ROLLOVER equals 2, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01, (PB35) (U020) (U030) Consistency Check (CRSS Only): Check IF (A3K0) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C19 THEN PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN must not equal 320, 330, 360, 680, 830, 890, 900, or 910. PEDESTRIAN/ BIKE TYPING - CRASH LOCATION PEDESTRIAN must equal 1. --- -FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 12, 55. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 14, 45. CRASH TYPE must equal 01-10, 14, 15 or 98 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. THEN INTERSTATE HIGHWAY should not equal 1. 105 Manner of Collision C20 C20 - Manner of Collision FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.MAN_COLL; Vehicle.MAN_COLL; Person.MAN_COLL; parkwork.PMAN_COLL ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 06 07 08 09 10 11 98 99 Attributes Not a Collision with a Motor Vehicle In-Transport Front-to-Rear Front-to-Front Angle Sideswipe-Same Direction Sideswipe-Opposite Direction Rear-to-Side Rear-to-Rear Other Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the orientation of two motor vehicles in-transport when they are involved in the First Harmful Event of a collision crash. If the First Harmful Event is not a collision between two motor vehicles in-transport it is classified as such. Remarks: 00 (Not Collision with a Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the First Harmful Event is not an impact between two in-transport motor vehicles. 01 (Front-to-Rear) is used when a collision occurs between the rear of one vehicle and the front of another vehicle. If this attribute is selected, the points of impact for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event must be front to back. 02 (Front-to-Front) is used when a collision occurs between the front end of one vehicle and the front end of another vehicle. If this attribute is selected, the points of impact for the vehicles involved in the First Harmful Event must both be front. 06 (Angle) is a crash where two motor vehicles impact at an angle. For example, the front of one motor vehicle impacts the side of another motor vehicle. If this attribute is selected, the points of impact for the vehicles involved in the First Harmful Event must not be front to front, front to back, back to back, or back to side. 07 (Sideswipe - Same Direction) is used when the case materials report that a sideswipe occurred while the two vehicles were traveling in the same direction. (See Figure 2.) Clarification for coding sideswipe attributes 07 and 08: Sideswipe codes are used for both vehicles when the initial engagement has no significant involvement of the front or rear surface areas where the impact swipes along the side surfaces of the vehicles parallel to their direction of travel. If it is unclear if the collision was an angle or a sideswipe, then code it 06 (Angle). Endswipes and side-to-side angle impacts are coded as 11 (Other). (See Figure 2.) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 106 Manner of Collision C20 Figure 2: General Guidelines for Sideswipe Codes 07 & 08 08 (Sideswipe - Opposite Direction) is used when the case materials report that a sideswipe occurred while the two vehicles were traveling in opposite directions. (See Figure 2.) 09 (Rear-To-Side) is used when a collision occurs between the rear of one vehicle and the side of another vehicle. If this attribute is selected, the points of impact for the vehicles involved in the First Harmful Event must back for one and side for the other. 10 (Rear-To-Rear) is used when a collision occurs between the rear of one vehicle and the rear of another vehicle. If this attribute is selected, the points of impact for the vehicles involved in the First Harmful Event must both be back. 11 (Other) should be used for any collision between two motor vehicles in-transport where the collision is not described by attributes “01-10,” including set-in-motion situations. Examples include: • One vehicle’s “end” swipes (endswipe) another vehicle instead of their “sides” swiping. • One vehicle slides into another vehicle at an angle such that they impact side-to-side. • One vehicle is airborne and makes contact with its front or undercarriage to the other vehicle’s hood or top. • Cargo or other load on one motor vehicle in-transport shifts and lands or is thrown into/onto another vehicle. • The tire of one motor vehicle in-transport throws a stone through the windshield of another vehicle. • A vehicle occupant or motorcyclist falls or is thrown from a vehicle striking or is struck by another vehicle. If a PAR data element is coded with the attribute “Other” but the officer does not specify what this refers to: 1. Code 11 (Other) if the PAR attribute choices can be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 2. Code 98 (Not Reported) if the PAR choices cannot be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 107 Manner of Collision C20 Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. Consistency Checks Check IF (420P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 07,08, (421P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 01, (422P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 02, (423P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 06, (424P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 09, (425P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 10, (426P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 02, (427P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 06, (500F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01-11, 1421, 23-26, 30-35, 44-53, 57-59, 72, 73, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN there must be at least two vehicle forms with AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equal to 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83, 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 06. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12, and AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 01, 11, 12, 98, 99, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83, 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, and AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, 98, 99. CRASH TYPE must not equal 64-67 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE must not equal 20-43 or 50-53 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. MANNER OF COLLISION must not equal 01, 02, 06-11, 98, 99. 108 Manner of Collision Check (510F) (9BAP) (9BDP) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 54, 55, MANNER OF COLLISION equals 07, and PREEVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) equals 10 or 11 for neither one of the vehicles involved in the first harmful event, MANNER OF COLLISION equals 08, and PREEVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) equals 10 or 11 for neither one of the vehicles involved in the first harmful event, MANNER OF COLLISION equals 01, (A370) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 99, (AC1A) (BZ80) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54, MANNER OF COLLISION equals 00, (U030) UNLIKELY: FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, 55, and MANNER OF COLLISION equals 10, 11. (9BCP) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C20 THEN MANNER OF COLLISION must not equal 00. CRASH TYPE should equal 44-49, 98, 99 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE should equal 64-67, 98, 99 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE should not equal 44-49 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. MANNER OF COLLISION should not equal 00, 0111. MANNER OF COLLISION should equal 11. CRASH TYPE must equal 00, 01-16, 92, 98, 99 for the vehicle in the first harmful event. -- 109 Relation to Junction C21 C21 - Relation to Junction FORMAT: 1 numeric occurring 1 time, 2 numeric occurring 1 time SAS NAME: Accident.RelJct1, Accident.RelJct2 ELEMENT VALUES: C21a: Within Interchange Area? Codes Attributes 0 No 1 Yes 8 Not Reported 9 Unknown C21b: Specific Location Codes Attributes 01 Non-Junction 02 Intersection 03 Intersection-Related 05 Entrance/Exit Ramp Related 20 Entrance/Exit Ramp 06 Railway Grade Crossing 07 Crossover-Related 04 Driveway Access 08 Driveway Access Related 16 Shared-Use Path Crossing 17 Acceleration/Deceleration Lane 18 Through Roadway 19 Other location within interchange area 98 Not Reported 99 Unknown Definition: The coding of this data element is done in two subfields and based on the location of the first harmful event of the crash. It identifies the crash's location with respect to presence in an interchange area and the crash’s location with respect to presence in or proximity to components typically in junction or interchange areas. Remarks: Subfield 1 (C21a): Within Interchange Area? Interchange: An interchange is a system of interconnecting roadways in conjunction with one or more grade separations, providing for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways on different levels. 0 (No) is used if the first harmful event of the crash occurs outside of the boundaries of an interchange. 1 (Yes) is used if the location of the first harmful event of the crash is within an interchange area. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 110 Relation to Junction C21 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 9 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. Subfield 2 (C21b): Specific Location 01 (Non-Junction) is used for crashes where the first harmful event occurs outside an interchange area and does not occur in or related to a junction, ramp, rail grade crossing, crossover, or shared-use path or trail. This attribute includes crashes that occur on a parking lot way (access road) at the connection of a parking aisle. (See Figure 4.) 02 (Intersection) is used when the first harmful event occurs in an area which: (1) contains a crossing or connection of two or more roadways not classified as a driveway access, and (2) is embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines or, if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways. Where the distance along a roadway between two areas meeting these criteria is less than 10 meters, the two areas and the roadway connecting them are considered to be parts of a single intersection. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: In an Intersection, within Interchange Area: if the first harmful event occurs within the intersection of a ramp and the surface roadway: It is important to always code National Highway System and Land Use and Functional System for the highest class of trafficway at this intersection. 03 (Intersection-Related) means that the first harmful event: (1) occurs on an approach to or exit from an intersection and (2) results from an activity, behavior or control related to the movement of traffic units through the intersection. Note: • For crashes where the first harmful event occurs in a crosswalk at an intersection area, use 03 (Intersection-Related). • For Traffic Circles and Roundabouts, enter 02 (Intersection) when the first harmful event occurs within the area formed by the prolongation of curb or edge lines of the approach legs of the intersection, regardless of whether or not the collision was in any way related to an intersection. Use 03 (Intersection-Related) if the first harmful event occurs in the central island or any directional island which serves the rotary intersection. 05 (Entrance/Exit Ramp Related) is used when the first harmful event occurs off the entrance/exit ramp roadway, but is related to the use of or entry onto the ramp. (See Figure 3) Note: If the first harmful event occurs in the intersection of a ramp then use 02 (Intersection). If the first harmful event occurs on the ramp outside of an intersection of the ramp and the surface roadway and is related to the movement of traffic through the intersection, then use 03 (Intersection-Related). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 111 Relation to Junction C21 20 (Entrance/Exit Ramp) is used when the first harmful event occurs on an entrance or exit ramp roadway and is not the result of an activity, behavior or control related to the movement of traffic units through an intersection. This would include all the areas between the gore and entrance/exit ramp intersection. (See Figure 3) 06 (Railway Grade Crossing) is used when the first harmful event occurred in the area formed by the at-grade connection of a railroad bed and a roadway. Crashes occurring outside a railway grade crossing due to traffic congestion associated with a railway grade crossing are considered non-junction. 07 (Crossover-Related) is used when the first harmful event occurs in a crossover or on approach to or exit from a crossover and related to the use of the crossover. Note: A crossover is the area of the median of a divided trafficway where motor vehicles are permitted to cross the opposing lane or traffic or execute a U-turn. 04 (Driveway Access) is used when the first harmful event occurs: 1. on a driveway access (See ANSI D16.1 Manual 2.5.9) (See Figure 5) 2. or involves a road vehicle entering or leaving by way of a driveway access where at least one traffic unit (vehicle, pedalcyclist, or pedestrian) is physically on the driveway access within the trafficway. This attribute includes crashes occurring on sidewalks within the driveway access. Examples: • A car turning into a private residence driveway strikes a bicyclist riding on the sidewalk that crosses over the driveway access. • A tractor trailer backing out of a business entrance onto the trafficway, while partially on the driveway access, is struck by a car on the roadway. 08 (Driveway Access Related) is used when the first harmful event: 1. occurs on the trafficway, 2. does not occur on a 04 (Driveway Access), but 3. results from an activity, behavior or control related to the movement of traffic units onto or out of a driveway (See ANSI D16.1 Manual 2.5.9.1). (See Figure 5) Examples: • A vehicle attempting to turn left into a driveway from the eastbound lanes is struck broadside by another vehicle traveling in the westbound lanes, • A vehicle that has just entered the trafficway from a driveway is struck in the rear before it can gain speed. Note: When a driveway access junction is within an intersection and the crash would meet the criteria of driveway access or driveway access related, enter 02 (Intersection) if the first harmful event was within the boundaries of the intersection or 03 (Intersection-Related) if it was not, but related to the intersection. Note: If there is not sufficient detail available to differentiate between driveway access and driveway access related, but it is known that the vehicle was coming out of (or going into) a driveway, default to 08 (Driveway Access Related). (See Figure 5.) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 112 Relation to Junction C21 16 (Shared-Use Path Crossing) is used when the first harmful event occurs at the crossing of a roadway and a shared-use path (see Note below for the definition of a shared use path). At least one non-motorist has to be physically in the crossing of the roadway and the shared-use path and the crash has to be related to the use of it. If the crossing of a roadway and a shared-use path overlaps/coincides with a crosswalk in a non-intersection area (e.g., mid-block), then select 16 (Shared-Use Path Crossing). Note: A shared-use path is a bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right of way or an independent right of way. Shared-use paths will also be used by pedestrians, skaters, wheelchairs, joggers and other non-motorist users. A shareduse path is not a sidewalk and where a shared-use path crosses another land way is similar to, but not a crosswalk. A shared-use path crossing may overlap/coincide with a crosswalk. 17 (Acceleration/Deceleration Lane) is used when the first harmful event occurs on the roadway in an interchange area on an auxiliary or speed-change lane that allows vehicles to accelerate to highway speeds before entering the through roadway or decelerate to safe speeds to negotiate a ramp without interrupting traffic flow on the through roadway exited. (See Figure 3) 18 (Through Roadway) (See Figure 3) is used when the first harmful event occurs on the roadway within an interchange area but does not occur: • In an intersection or related to an intersection - 02 (Intersection) or 03 (Intersection - Related). • On a 20 (Entrance/Exit Ramp) or related to the use of the ramp - 05 (Entrance/Exit Ramp Related) • In a 17 (Acceleration/Deceleration Lane) 19 (Other location within interchange area) is used when the first harmful event occurs within an Interchange, off of the roadway (e.g. median, shoulder, roadside) and is not related to the use of or the entry onto a ramp. (See Figure 3) Examples: • A vehicle on the 18 (Through Roadway) portion of the interchange departs the roadway and overturns in the median. • A vehicle leaves the 18 (Through Roadway) portion of the interchange and strikes a vehicle parked on the shoulder. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 113 Relation to Junction C21 Valid Combinations for Subfield 1 and Subfield 2 If Subfield TWO is coded: 01 Non-Junction 02 Intersection 03 Intersection-Related 04 Driveway Access 05 Entrance/Exit Ramp Related 06 Railway Grade Crossing 07 Crossover Related 08 Driveway Access Related 16 Shared-Use Path or Trail 17 Acceleration/Deceleration Lane 18 Through Roadway 19 Other Location Within Interchange Area 20 Entrance/Exit Ramp 98 Not Reported 99 Unknown Subfield ONE may only be coded as: 0 No 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 1 Yes 1 Yes 1 Yes 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown 0 No, 1 Yes, 8 Not Reported, 9 Unknown Figure 3 below will help identify Relation to Junction codes 05 (Entrance/Exit Ramp Related), 17 (Acceleration/Deceleration Lane), 18 (Through Roadway), 19 (Other Location Within Interchange Area), and 20 (Entrance/Exit Ramp). Figure 3: Interchange Area (See ANSI D16.1 - 2007, 7th Edition) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 114 Relation to Junction C21 Figure 4: Example Parking Lot Area (01 – Non-junction, 02 – Intersection) Figure 5: Driveway Access (See ANSI D16.1 - 2007, 7th Edition) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 115 Relation to Junction C21 Figure 6 below will help identify if the crash occurred within an Interchange Area for Relation to Junction (C21a) – Within Interchange Area Figure 6: Interchange Accidents Accidents which occur within the shaded area are interchange accidents (See ANSI D16.1 - 2007, 7th Edition) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 116 Relation to Junction Consistency Checks: Check IF (1F1P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, (1Y0P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 06, (250P) (254P) (3E00) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 16-19, 98, 99, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 03, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 20, (730P) CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 65-68 or 70-73 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, (740P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, (750P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, (770P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (772P) (773P) (773Q) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, RELATION TO JUNCTION(b) equals 04, 06, 07, or 16, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 17 or 18 or 19, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 04-08, 16-20, CRASH TYPE equals 14, CRASH TYPE equals 68-91, CRASH TYPE equals 14, (775P) (778P) (77AP) (77BP) (77CP) (77DP) (780P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 10, (782P) (783P) (784P) TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 02-07, 10, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 98, 99, TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 01, (A131) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 04, 06, 16, 17, or 20, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 18, (A141) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C21 THEN the second TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER should be blank. RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must not equal 0000000. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 2, 3 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION must equal 6 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01 or 18. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 0407, 10, 11, 99. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION must equal 2, 3 for at least one vehicle. RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must equal 0000000. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 01, 03, 08, 19, 98, 99. RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) must not equal 1. RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) must equal 0. RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) should not equal 1. RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) must equal 1. TYPE OF INTERSECTION must equal 01. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 01, 03, 19. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 03, 08. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02, 04, 08. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 02, 03. TYPE OF INTERSECTION should equal 01, 98, 99. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02, 03. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01 or 11. 117 Relation to Junction Check (A150) (A1E0) IF LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE equals 20, 21 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 19, (A1E1) (A200) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 20, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, (A210) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, 02, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01-03, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 03, 05, 20, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, WORK ZONE equals 1-3, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 03, (A1B0) (A220) (A240) (A250) (A290) (A291) (A293) (A294) WORK ZONE equals 1-3, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 04, 05, 08, 17-19, (A310) ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, ROUTE SIGNING equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) equals 1011 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 06, (A320) (A360) (A420) (A430) (A440) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C21 THEN RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02-04, 06, 08. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01, 18. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 01, 05, 11, 98, 99. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 06, 07, or 96. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 0104, 07, 20, 23, 40, 50, 65. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 05-40 for any vehicle. TRAVEL SPEED should not equal 005-040 for any vehicle. TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02-04, 06, 08 16. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 5, 6. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 01-03, 20, 40, 97 or 98 for the vehicle(s) involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 00, 21, 28, 40, 50, 97 or 98 for the vehicle(s) involved in the first harmful event. TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for any vehicle. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 05-40 for any vehicle. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 4. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 06. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01, 18. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 65 for any vehicle involved in the first harmful event. 118 Relation to Junction Check (A481) (A4C0) IF TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION equals 6, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 04, (A610) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 05, (A611) TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION equals 6 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A790) (A810) (A890) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 02, 03, 05, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, (AC0A) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 03, (AZ5P) CRITICAL EVENT-PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 70-73 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 36 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN for a person involved in the first harmful event equals 211, 212, 461, 465, 680, 830, 890, 900 or 910, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE BICYCLE for a person involved in the first harmful event equals 311, 312, 313, 321, 322 or 323 PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE BICYCLE for a person involved in the first harmful event equals 141-144, 147, 151-157 or 159, (A820) (D530) (PB04) (PB07) (PB08) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C21 THEN TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should equal 1, 2, 8, 9. at least one PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) for the vehicles involved in the first harmful event should equal 10, 11, 13 or 98. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 6 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 02, 03, 05, 17-20. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 01, 07. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 1. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 0103 for any vehicle involved in the first harmful event. the second TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER should not be all blank. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 04 or 08. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 06. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02. Note: this edit is restricted to vehicles which are involved in only one event with pedestrian(s). RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 04 or 08. Note: this edit is restricted to vehicles which are involved in only one event with bicyclist(s) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 02 or 03. Note: this edit is restricted to vehicles which are involved in only one event with bicyclist(s). 119 Relation to Junction Check (PB34) (PB35) (PC30) IF NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, NUMBER OF FORMS SUBMITTED FOR PERSONS NOT IN MOTOR VEHICLES equals 01, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, PRE-IMPACT LOCATION for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event equals 4, 5, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 04, 05, Consistency Checks (CRSS Only) Check IF (A3G0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, (A3H0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, (A3I0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, (A3J0) (A930) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C21 THEN PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN must not equal 320, 330, 360, 680, 830, 890, 900, or 910. PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH LOCATION PEDESTRIAN must equal 1. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01 or 11. THEN TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should not equal 4 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02, 04, 06, 08 or 16. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 01-40 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 0103, 20, 23 or 65 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. 120 Type of Intersection C22 C22 - Type of Intersection FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Typ_Int ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 10 98 99 Attributes Not an Intersection Four-Way Intersection T-Intersection Y-Intersection Traffic Circle Roundabout Five-Point, or More L-Intersection Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies and allows separation of various intersection types. Remarks: The data element value selected should be based on the location of the first harmful event and is only applicable to intersection or intersection-related crashes. If it is known that a rotary type of intersection was involved but it is not known if it was a traffic circle or a roundabout, default to a traffic circle. Intersection refers to an area which 1) contains a crossing or connection of two or more roadways not classified as driveway access and 2) is embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways. Where the distance along a roadway between two areas meeting these criteria is less than 33 feet, the two areas and the roadway connecting them are considered to be parts of a single intersection. (See ANSI D.16 - 2.5.10) 01 (Not an Intersection) identifies that this crash was not intersection or intersection-related. 02 (Four-Way Intersection) refers to two roadways which cross or connect. 03 (T-Intersection) refers to an intersection where two roadways connect and one roadway does not continue across the other roadway. The roadways form a “T”. 04 (Y-Intersection) refers to an intersection where three roadways connect and none of the roadways continue across the other roadways. The roadways form a “Y”. 05 (Traffic Circle) refers to an intersection of roads where motor vehicles must travel around a circle to continue on the same road or leave on any intersecting road. A 05 (Traffic Circle) must meet the following criteria: • Entering traffic is controlled by a stop sign, traffic signal or by no traffic control • Parking is allowed within the circle • Pedestrians are allowed access to the central island • Circle traffic can be required to yield to entering traffic 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 121 Type of Intersection C22 06 (Roundabout) refers to an intersection of roads where motor vehicles must travel around a circle to continue on the same road or leave on any intersecting road. (See Figure 7 below.) A 06 (Roundabout) must meet the following criteria: • Entering traffic is controlled by a yield sign only • Circulating traffic has the right of way • Pedestrian access is allowed behind the yield sign line • No parking is allowed in the circle Figure 7: Example of a Typical Single-Lane Roundabout (See Roundabouts: An Informational Guide – FHWA) 07 (Five-Point, or More) refers to an intersection where more than two roadways cross or connect. 10 (L-Intersection) refers to a two-armed intersection in which one roadway intersects with another roadway but neither roadway extends beyond the other roadway. (Note: this should be configured as an intersection where the arms consist of two different named trafficways.) 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 122 Type of Intersection Consistency Checks: Check IF (251P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 98, 99, (778P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 04-08, 16-20, (781P) TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 02-07, 10, (782P) (783P) (784P) TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 02-07, 10, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 98, 99, TYPE OF INTERSECTION equals 01, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C22 THEN TYPE OF INTERSECTION should equal 98, 99. TYPE OF INTERSECTION must equal 01. TRAFFICWAY IDENTIFIER (b) should not be blank. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 02, 03. TYPE OF INTERSECTION should equal 01, 98, 99. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02, 03. 123 Relation to Trafficway C23 C23 - Relation to Trafficway FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.REL_ROAD ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 10 11 98 99 Attributes On Roadway On Shoulder On Median On Roadside Outside Trafficway Off Roadway – Location Unknown In Parking Lane/Zone Gore Separator Continuous Left-Turn Lane Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the location of the crash as it relates to its position within or outside the trafficway based on the First Harmful Event. Remarks: 01 (On Roadway) - The roadway is that part of a trafficway designed, improved, and ordinarily used for motor vehicle travel or, where various classes of motor vehicles are segregated, that part of a trafficway used by a particular class. Separate roadways may be provided for northbound and southbound traffic or for trucks and automobiles. Roadway may be noted as the “travel lanes” and, if present, includes the area between the painted “fog lines”. Additionally, a driveway access area is considered part of the roadway of the trafficway to which it connects. This attribute may also be used for cases involving a parked vehicle opening a door into moving traffic, extended mirrors into the travel lane. 02 (On Shoulder) (if present) is that part of a trafficway contiguous with the roadway for emergency use, for accommodation of stopped vehicles, and for lateral support of the roadway structure. A shoulder should be improved or maintained for these purposes. Not all roadways have shoulders. 03 (On Median) is defined as that area of a divided trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in opposite directions. The principal functions of a median are to provide the desired freedom from interference of opposing traffic, to provide a recovery area for out-of-control vehicles, to provide a stopping area in case of emergencies, and to minimize headlight glare. Medians may be depressed, raised or flush. Flush medians can be as little as 4-feet wide between roadway edge lines. Painted roadway edge lines four (4) or more feet wide denote medians. Medians of lesser width must have a barrier to be considered a median. Continuous Left-turn Lanes are not considered Medians (see 11 (Continuous Left-Turn Lane)). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 124 Relation to Trafficway C23 04 (On Roadside) refers to a location off the roadway, but inside the right-of-way. It is the outermost part of the trafficway which lay between the outer property line or other barrier and the edge of the first road encountered in the trafficway. Bicycle lanes and shared use path or trails contiguous with the roadway and sidewalks are also included. For cases involving a vehicle that goes off the roadway into a "tree line", "wood line", "brush line", etc. that is adjacent to the roadway, code as 04 (On Roadside) unless there is specific information available in the case materials that identify the First Harmful Event was beyond the boundaries of the trafficway (e.g., a "tree line" in a homeowner’s front yard). In addition, use this attribute if the first harmful event occurs in a raised or painted center island (directional or channeling) of a traffic circle, roundabout or junction. 05 (Outside Trafficway) is used for areas not open to the public as a matter of right or custom for moving persons or property. This includes property beyond the roadside outside the boundaries of the trafficway. Also, a portion of the trafficway closed for construction is not a trafficway and would be considered 05 (Outside Trafficway). 06 (Off Roadway - Location Unknown) refers to a location off the roadway, but its relationship to the trafficway boundaries/right-of-way is not known. This should only be used when no reasonable assessment can be made as to the location of the FHE because the information in the case is too ambiguous. 07 (In Parking Lane/Zone) refers to an area on the roadway, or next to the roadway, on which parking is permitted in marked or unmarked spaces. This includes curbside and edge of-roadway parking (for example, legal residential parking, city-street parking, etc.). Sometimes a strip of roadway can be designated for parking at certain hours of the day (parking lane) and for regular travel at other hours (travel lane). This code should NOT be used during hours when parking is NOT permitted (see 01 (On Roadway)). 08 (Gore) is an area of land where two roadways diverge or converge. The area is bounded on two sides by the edges of the roadway, which join at the point of divergence or convergence. The direction of traffic must be the same on both of these roadways. The area includes shoulders or marked pavement if any, between the roadways. The third side is 60 meters (approximately 200 feet) from the point of divergence or convergence or, if any other road is within 70 meters (230 feet) of that point, a line 10 meters (33 feet) from the nearest edge of such road. (See Figure 10) Gore Inclusions: • Areas at rest area or exit ramps • Areas at truck weight station entry or exit ramps • Areas where two main roadways diverge or converge • Areas where a ramp and another roadway or two ramps, diverge or converge • Areas where a frontage road and another roadway or two frontage roads diverge or converge Gore Exclusions: • Islands for channelizing of vehicle movements • Islands for pedestrian refuge 10 (Separator) is the area of a trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in the same direction or separating a frontage road from other roads. A 10 (Separator) may be a physical barrier or a depressed, raised, flush or vegetated area between roads. 11 (Continuous Left-Turn Lane) is a two-way left turn lane positioned between opposing straight-through travel lanes. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 125 Relation to Trafficway C23 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. Additional Guidance for Relation to Trafficway For collision events when the vehicle is overlapping adjacent areas: • For fixed object collisions (FHE), base “Relation to Trafficway” on the location of the object struck. • Fixed objects that are associated with the trafficway such as curbs, ditches, guardrails, sign supports, utility poles, etc. are not located in the travel lanes or on the shoulder. Therefore, when these fixed objects are contacted in the FHE, Relation to Trafficway should be coded as 04 (On Roadside), regardless of the location of the entire vehicle. • Non-fixed object collisions (e.g., striking a vehicle on the shoulder or pedestrian on the sidewalk) when the striking vehicle is overlapping two locations (e.g., roadway and shoulder) are also coded with respect to the object contacted, not the striking vehicle. For Rollover/Overturn crashes when the vehicle is overlapping two locations (e.g., roadway and shoulder) when the roll begins: • When a vehicle begins an overturn and is overlapping two locations at the onset of the overturn, use the LAST area the vehicle entered as the location. For example, Roadside would be correct for a case where the documentation identifies a vehicle runs off the roadway, partially through the shoulder, and the front wheels enter the roadside. Default rules for the location of Ditches, Culverts, Embankments and Fences: • Unless there is clear reason to believe otherwise in the case materials, ditches, culverts and embankments are design features common to trafficways. Therefore, if included as the FHE the appropriate Relation to Trafficway is 04 (On Roadside). • Unless there is clear reason to believe otherwise in the case materials (e.g., a snow fence in the median), a fence either surrounds private property outside the trafficway or marks the property line boundary ending the trafficway. Therefore, if included as the FHE the appropriate Relation to Trafficway is 05 (Outside Trafficway). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 126 Relation to Trafficway Consistency Checks: Check IF (250P) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 16-19, 98, 99, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 03, (251P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 98, 99, (252P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, 02, 03, 04, 07, 08, 10, 11, 98 or 99, (253P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 03, (254P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 20, (255P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, (256P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, (257P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 05, (42AP) NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLES FORMS SUBMITTED equals 001, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 02, 04, 06-08, and ATTEMPTED AVOIDANCE MANEUVER equals 00 or 01, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, (440F) (450F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (460F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 02, (470F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 03, 08, 10, (480F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 04, 06, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C23 THEN TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 2, 3 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TYPE OF INTERSECTION should equal 98, 99. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must not equal 3. CRASH TYPE should equal 06-10, 98 or 99 for the in-transport vehicles involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION must equal 6 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (THIS VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must equal 1. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event should equal 1 or 4. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must equal 1, 3 or 4. CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) should equal 01-06, 08-14 or 19. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 01-03, 09-11, 13, 16, 23, 98 or 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 14. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 02, 20. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 20, 22, 28, 98, 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 09, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 98, 99. 127 Relation to Trafficway Check (490F) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 05, (530F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 99, (531F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 15, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 11, (580F) (730P) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 14, and RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL does not equal 32, 89 for at least one occupant in the not in-transport motor vehicle involved in the first harmful event, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 07, (770P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (772P) (77DP) (780P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 10, (A1E0) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 19, (A1E1) (A131) (A4B0) RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 20, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 04, 06, 16, 17 or 20, RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 18, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01 and this vehicle is involved in the first harmful event, and BODY TYPE does not equal 80-89 for this vehicle, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals _____, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 17, 19-21, 2326, 30-35, 38-43, 52, 53, 57, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 24, 25, 30, 33, 34, 35, 40, 46, 52, 57, 59, CRASH TYPE equals 01-10 or 14 (A4B2) CRASH TYPE equals 11, (A141) (A380) (A390) (A421) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C23 THEN there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 24, 25. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 09, 98, 99. there must be at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with NON-MOTORIST LOCATION AT TIME OF CRASH equal to 11. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 0407, 10, 11, 99. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must equal 01, 03, 08, 19, 98, 99. RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) must not equal 1. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 03, 08. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) must not equal 02, 04, 08. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 01, 05, 11, 98, 99. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01 or 11. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER should equal _____ respectively. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01, 02, 07, 11. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should equal 03, 04, 08 or 10. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 01, 02, 07 or 11. If the first harmful event occurs on a different road than the road it departed, see 98 (Other Crash Type). RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 01, 03, 04, 05, 08, 10, or 11. 128 Relation to Trafficway Check (A4B3) IF CRASH TYPE equals 12 or 13, (A4B4) CRASH TYPE equals 12 or 13, (A610) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 05, (A61F) (A800) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 08, 09, 11, 15, 49, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, 02, 07, 11, and PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) is not equal to 00, 13 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event, CRASH TYPE equals 06-10, and TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION equals 3, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 18 43 or 73, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 46, (A801) (A881) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 11, (A882) (A883) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 07, (PB05) PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN for a person involved in the first harmful event equals 311, 312 or 313, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN for a person involved in the first harmful event equals 510, 520 or 590, (A620) (A62F) (PB12) (PC20) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 02-08 or 10, (PC30) PRE-IMPACT LOCATION for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event equals 4, 5, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) does not equal 04, 05, PRE-IMPACT LOCATION for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event equals 1-3, 6, (PC40) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C23 THEN RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 03, 05, 08, or 10. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 4 unless the First Harmful Event occurs in a bicycle lane. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 6 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. CRASH TYPE should equal 13 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should equal 03. CRASH TYPE should equal 12 or 15 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01, 02, 05, 07, 11. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 5. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 5 for at least one vehicle. ROUTE SIGNING should not equal 1. LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must equal 01 or 11. Note: this edit is restricted to vehicles which are involved in only one event with pedestrian(s). RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY must not equal 01 or 11. Note: this edit is restricted to vehicles which are involved in only one event with pedestrian(s). PRE-IMPACT LOCATION of the vehicle(s) involved in the first harmful event should equal 0, 4, 5 or 9. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should not equal 01 or 11. RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY should equal 01 or 11. 129 Relation to Trafficway C23 Figure 8: Trafficway with Frontage Road (See ANSI D16.1 - 2007, 7th Edition) Figure 9: Trafficway with Multiple Roadways in the Same Direction (See ANSI D16.1 – 2007, 7th Edition) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 130 Relation to Trafficway C23 Figure 10: Four Examples of Gores (See ANSI D16.1 – 2007, 7th Edition) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 131 Work Zone C24 C24 - Work Zone FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Wrk_Zone ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 Attributes None Construction Maintenance Utility Work Zone, Type Unknown Definition: This data element captures that this was a “Work Zone Accident” as defined in ANSI D16.1, 7th Edition. If the crash qualifies as a "Work Zone Accident" then the type of work activity is identified. Remarks: If the crash is a work zone crash, work zone type must be clearly distinguished within the case materials; otherwise 4 (Work Zone, Type Unknown) should be used. The use of these codes does not imply that the crash was caused by the construction, maintenance, or utility activity. Work Zone: A work zone is defined as an area of a trafficway where construction, maintenance, or utility work activities are identified by warning signs/signals/ indicators, including those on transport devices (e.g., signs, flashing lights, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, flagmen, warning signs, and arrow boards mounted on the vehicles in a mobile maintenance activity) that mark the beginning and end of a construction, maintenance or utility work activity. It extends from the first warning sign, signal, or flashing lights to the END ROAD WORK sign or the last traffic control device pertinent for that work activity. Work zones also include roadway sections where there is ongoing, moving (mobile) work activity such as lane line painting or roadside mowing only if the beginning of the ongoing, moving (mobile) work activity is designated by warning signs or signals. Work Zone Crash: A work zone crash is a motor vehicle traffic crash in which the first harmful event occurs within the boundaries of a work zone or on an approach to or exit from a work zone, resulting from an activity, behavior or control related to the movement of the traffic units through the work zone. See the 7th Edition of ANSI D16.1 definitions of “Work Zone” and “Work Zone Accident” for inclusions and exclusions. To determine which attribute is appropriate, the duration of the work must be considered. If the work is shortterm (i.e., takes less than one period of daylight and is not performed during hours of darkness), 2 (Maintenance) or 3 (Utility) are applicable. If the maintenance or utility work is long-term, 1 (Construction) must be used. 0 (None) is used when there is no indication that the crash is a work zone crash as defined above. 1 (Construction) is used when the available information indicates that there is long-term stationary construction such as building a new bridge, adding travel lanes to the roadway, extending an existing trafficway, etc. Highway construction includes construction of appurtenances such as guardrails or ditches, surveying activity, installation of utilities within the right-of-way, etc. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 132 Work Zone C24 2 (Maintenance) is used when the available information indicates that there are work activities, including moving work activities, such as striping the roadway, median and roadside grass mowing/landscaping, pothole repair, snowplowing, etc., where there are warning signs or signals marking the beginning of the moving work area. 3 (Utility) is used when the available information indicates that there is short-term stationary work such as repairing/maintaining electric, gas, water lines or traffic signals. The utility company must perform the work. 4 (Work Zone, Type Unknown) is used when there is insufficient information to distinguish between 1 (Construction), 2 (Maintenance), or 3 (Utility). Consistency Checks: Check IF (A293) WORK ZONE equals 1-3, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 02, 03, (A294) WORK ZONE equals 1-3, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) equals 01, 04, 05, 08, 17-19, (A470) WORK ZONE equals 0, and TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION equals 1-3, 5, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 45, (AL2P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 01-03, 20, 40, 97 or 98 for the vehicle(s) involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 00, 21, 28, 40, 50, 97 or 98 for the vehicle(s) involved in the first harmful event. TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1. WORK ZONE should equal 1-4. 133 Light Condition C25 C25 - Light Condition FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.LGT_COND ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 9 Attributes Daylight Dark - Not Lighted Dark - Lighted Dark - Unknown Lighting Dawn Dusk Other Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element records the type/level of light that existed at the time of the crash as reported in the case materials. Remarks: 2 (Dark - Not Lighted) is used when the available information describes a condition where no “natural” light exists and no overhead “man-made” lighting is present on the roadway where the crash occurs. 3 (Dark - Lighted) is used when the available information describes a condition where no “natural” light exists but there is overhead “man-made” lighting on the roadway where the crash occurs. Lighted areas will generally include streets within cities or towns and some interchange areas. This does not include lighting from store fronts, houses, parking lots, etc. 6 (Dark - Unknown Lighting) is used if it cannot be determined if 2 (Dark - Not Lighted) or 3 (Dark - Lighted) applies. Sometimes the case materials will have conflicting information because more than one light condition is indicated in the coded boxes and/or the narrative. If necessary, use the crash time to aid in determing the “best” attribute. 4 (Dawn) describes the transition period going from “dark of night” to a daylight condition. This is typically the 30-minute period before the sun rises. 5 (Dusk) describes the transition period going from a daylight condition to the “dark of night”. This is typically the 30-minute period after the sun sets. Rules for determining applicable attribute: 1. If 4 (Dawn) or 5 (Dusk) are marked then use the crash time to select either 4 (Dawn) or 5 (Dusk). 2. If 3 (Dark - Lighted) and 4 (Dawn) are marked then use 4 (Dawn). 3. If 3 (Dark - Lighted) and 5 (Dusk) are marked then use 5 (Dusk). 4. If Dark and 5 (Dusk) are marked then use 5 (Dusk). 5. If Dark and 4 (Dawn) are marked then use 4 (Dawn). 6. If more than 2 attributes are checked then use 9 (Unknown). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 134 Light Condition C25 7 (Other) is used when the conditions above do not apply. If a PAR data element is coded with the attribute “Other” but the officer does not specify what this refers to: 1. Code 7 (Other) if the PAR attribute choices can be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 2. Code 8 (Not Reported) if the PAR choices cannot be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks is NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 9 (Unknown) is used when the investigating officer indicates that the lighting condition was unknown. Consistency Checks Check IF (220P) LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, and STATE is not equal to 02, (2300) LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, and STATE is not equal to 02, (A010) STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 4, (A020) STATE equals 02, and LIGHT CONDITION equals 5, (A050) CRASH TIME equals 0900-1600, (A060) CRASH TIME equals 2300-0400, (U390) UNLIKELY: LIGHT CONDITION equals 8. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN CRASH TIME must equal 0300-0900, 9999. CRASH TIME must equal 1600-2200, 9999. CRASH TIME should equal 0300-1000, 9999. CRASH TIME should equal 1500-2359, 9999. LIGHT CONDITION should not equal 2-6. LIGHT CONDITION should not equal 1, 4, 5, 9. -- 135 Atmospheric Conditions C26 C26 - Atmospheric Conditions FORMAT: 2 numeric - occurring 2 times. SAS NAME: Accident.Weather; Accident.Weather1; Accident.Weather2 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 10 02 03 12 04 11 05 06 07 08 98 99 Attributes No Additional Atmospheric Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Sleet or Hail Freezing Rain or Drizzle Snow Blowing Snow Fog, Smog, Smoke Severe Crosswinds Blowing Sand, Soil, Dirt Other Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the prevailing atmospheric conditions that existed at the time of the crash as recorded on the crash report form. Remarks: If the case materials indicate more than two atmospheric conditions, select the two conditions that most affect visibility. If the case material attributes are a combination of the above attributes (e.g., Clear/Cloudy, Clear or Cloudy, Sleet/Hail/Freezing Rain, Snow/Sleet/Hail), and you cannot determine which was the prevalent weather condition, then code 98 (Not Reported). Temperature is not an atmospheric condition for the purposes of this element. When coding this element, do not interpret indication of Rain, Sleet, or Snow as also Cloudy. Cloudy must be explicitly stated in the case materials. 00 (No Additional Atmospheric Conditions) should only be used for the second Atmospheric Condition subfield, when there is no second Atmospheric Condition listed on your case materials. 01 (Clear) includes partial cloudiness if sunlight is not diminished. If your case materials provide the attribute “no adverse condition,” use 98 (Not Reported) unless there is sufficient detail to establish that 01 (Clear) or 10 (Cloudy) applies. 10 (Cloudy) usually refers to “overcast” but may include partial cloudiness if light is diminished. 02 (Rain) refers to precipitation other than snow, hail or sleet. Mist should be coded as 02 (Rain). 03 (Sleet or Hail) would apply to conditions where precipitation is falling as ice (sleet or hail) 12 (Freezing Rain or Drizzle) would apply when precipitation is falling as liquid (rain) and then freezing on the roadway. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 136 Atmospheric Conditions C26 04 (Snow) is used when precipitation is falling as frozen flakes at the time of the crash. 11 (Blowing Snow) applies to snow that is falling and/or to snow that has fallen to the ground and is set aloft by wind. 05 (Fog, Smog, Smoke) refers to a natural or man-made condition that causes reduced visibility. 06 (Severe Crosswinds) refers to winds traveling at an angle with respect to the travel lanes at velocities significant enough to create a risk that vehicles could be diverted from their path or high profile vehicles could be blown over. These are winds that are strong enough to affect vehicle stability. 07 (Blowing Sand, Soil, Dirt) refers to particulate matter set aloft by winds creating a condition of reduced visibility which constitutes a hazard for vehicles operating in the area. This attribute should be used for “dust storms.” This attribute should not be used in conjunction with 06 (Severe Crosswinds) unless the winds are affecting vehicle stability in addition to reducing visibility. 08 (Other) atmospheric conditions not described above. If a PAR data element is coded with the attribute “Other” but the officer does not specify what this refers to: 1. Code 08 (Other) if the PAR attribute choices can be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 2. Code 98 (Not Reported) if the PAR choices cannot be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A030) CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, (A1A0) (A510) (AT00) (AT10) ROADWAY SURFACE CONDITIONS equals 01 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, any ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS equals 0204, 11, 12, An ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS 01-08, 10-12, 98, 99 can be used only once per crash. the first ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS equals 99, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS should not equal 03, 04, 11, 12. ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS should not equal 02-04, 11, 12. ROADWAY SURFACE CONDITIONS should not equal 01, 07, 08, 99 for any vehicle. -the second ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS must equal 00. 137 Atmospheric Conditions Check (AT20) (AT30) (AT40) (AT50) IF the first ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS equals 01-08, 10-12, 99, First ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS must not equal 00. the first ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS equals 01, the second ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS must not equal 01. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C26 THEN the second ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS must not equal 99. -the second ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS must equal 00. 138 School Bus Related C27 C27 - School Bus Related FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.SCH_BUS, Person.SCH_BUS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 Attributes No Yes Definition: This data element indicates if a school bus, or motor vehicle functioning as a school bus, is related to the crash. Remarks: The “school bus” can be: • with or without a passenger(s) on board • involved as a contact motor vehicle, or • indirectly involved as a non-contact motor vehicle A school bus is a motor vehicle used for the transportation of any school pupil at or below the 12th-grade level to or from a public or private school or school-related activity. A motor vehicle is not a school bus while on trips which involve the transportation exclusively of other passengers or exclusively for other purposes. A motor vehicle is a school bus only if it is externally identifiable by the following characteristics: 1. Its color is yellow 2. The words “school bus” appear on the front and rear 3. Flashing red lights are located on the front and rear 4. Lettering on both sides identifies the school or school district served, or the company operating the bus 0 (No) is used when there is no indication of a school bus, or motor vehicle functioning as a school bus, being involved in the crash. 1 (Yes) is used when there is any indication that a school bus, or vehicle functioning as a school bus, is involved in any component of the crash. For directly involved or contacted vehicles, 1 (Yes) must be selected if the Special Use data element equals 02 (Vehicle Used for School Transport). To capture those instances where the vehicle is involved indirectly (non-contact vehicle) the following rules apply: • If the case materials indicate “School Bus” the assumption is that the Law Enforcement agency conformed to the definition of school bus, thus 1 (Yes) School Bus Related. • If there is no indication that a school bus was indirectly involved 0 (No) must be selected. Examples of School Bus Related (indirectly): 1. A police reported “school bus” stops on the roadway. Subsequently an approaching motor vehicle swerves to avoid the stopped bus and contacts another motor vehicle head-on. 2. A police report indicates that a “child” exited a “school bus” and was crossing in front of the stopped bus when a vehicle passed the bus on the left side and struck the child. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 139 School Bus Related C27 3. A line of cars is stopped for a school bus which is discharging passengers. A motor vehicle approaches and is unable to stop in time and strikes the last stopped motor vehicle in the line. Examples of NOT School Bus Related: 1. An empty school bus, having completed its route, is parked alongside the road. A motor vehicle approaching from the rear loses control and strikes the bus. 2. A “Bus” is reported as stopped in traffic and a vehicle swerves to avoid the bus and contacts another vehicle. In this example, there is no positive indication of a “school bus” being involved. Consistency Checks: Check IF (3D0P) SPECIAL USE for any vehicle equals 02, (PB22) SCHOOL BUS RELATED equals 1, and PERSON TYPE equals 05 or 08, (PB23) PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 342, and PERSON TYPE equals 05 or 08, (V330) SCHOOL BUS RELATED equals 1, (V440) BODY TYPE equals 50, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN SCHOOL BUS RELATED must equal 1. PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN should equal 342. SCHOOL BUS RELATED should equal 1. BODY TYPE of at least one of the involved vehicles should equal 50 (School Bus), or SPECIAL USE for at least one involved vehicle should equal 02 - Vehicle Used as School Bus, and BUS USE for at least one vehicle should equal 01. SCHOOL BUS RELATED should equal 1. 140 Rail Grade Crossing Identifier – FARS Only C28 C28 - Rail Grade Crossing Identifier - FARS Only FORMAT: 6 numeric followed by 1 alphabetic SAS NAME: Accident.RAIL ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0000000 nnnnnnA 9999999 Attributes Not Applicable Six Numeric, Followed by One Alphabetic Valid F.R.A. Codes Unknown Definition: This element identifies if the crash occurred in or near a Rail Grade Crossing. Remarks: Code complete identifier. The format must always be six numbers followed by a letter. (Two exceptions: 0000000 (Not Applicable) and 9999999 (Unknown).) Identifiers are obtainable from your Federal Railroad Administration representative. 0000000 (Not Applicable) is used for crashes that do not involve a rail grade crossing. Code when any part of the crash occurs at a rail grade crossing. Include crashes in which a vehicle is waiting at a rail grade crossing but does not necessarily travel over the tracks. Inform your COTR if you have any problems obtaining identifiers. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1Y0P) RELATION TO JUNCTION(b) equals 06, (650P) 651P (750P) TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE equals 65 for any vehicle, RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must equal BLANKS, 0000000, 9999999, or nnnnnnA; where n is a numeric character and A is an uppercase alphabetic character. RELATION TO JUNCTION(b) equals 07, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must not equal 0000000. RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must not equal 0000000. -- RAIL GRADE CROSSING IDENTIFIER must equal 0000000. 141 Notification Time EMS – FARS Only C29 C29 - Notification Time EMS - FARS Only FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.NOT_HOUR; Accident.NOT_MIN ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 8888 0000-2359 0099-2399 9998 9999 Attributes Not Applicable (Not Notified) Valid Military Times Known Hours but Unknown Minutes Unknown if Notified Unknown EMS Notification Time Definition: Notification Time EMS is the time Emergency Medical Service was notified. Remarks: Every effort should be made to determine the Notification Time EMS, Arrival Time EMS, and EMS Time at Hospital. Code the official EMS times as received. Do not alter the times because of discrepancies with the crash time. All EMS time formats are in hours and minutes. If you receive an EMS time that includes the seconds’ position, truncate to the reported minutes. Example: 10:51:35 would be 10:51. If the day of the crash and the day of EMS Notification have different dates, then be sure to use the 18 (Date of Crash and Date of EMS Notification Were Not the Same Day) in Related Factors-Crash Level. Code Notification Time EMS and Arrival Time EMS no matter how much time has elapsed since the Crash Time. 8888 (Not Applicable [Not Notified]) Enter this code only if EMS was never notified as part of an emergency transport. • If it is known that EMS transport was called for non-emergency transport purposes (e.g., to transport a body to the morgue) then use this code. • DO NOT use this code if the EMS was officially canceled. Cancellation is coded under Arrival Time EMS and EMS Time at Hospital. • If the EMS was notified then canceled, code the actual notification time and 9997 (Officially Canceled) under ARRIVAL TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL. 0000 - 2359 (Valid Military Times), 0099 - 2399 (Known Hours but Unknown Minutes) Code Notification Time of the first EMS unit to arrive on the scene. If unknown minutes, code the actual hour and “99” for the minutes. Code midnight as “0000.” One minute after midnight is coded “0001.” See remarks “How to Code Midnight” under Crash Time. 9998 (Unknown if Notified) Enter this attribute if you cannot determine whether or not any EMS was ever notified. 9999 (Unknown EMS Notification Time) Enter this attribute if EMS was notified but the time of notification is unknown. Helicopters that transport victims to treatment facilities are coded as EMS units, but not police who may be trained to render emergency aid. This guidance is not meant to exclude helicopters that are used to transport victims for treatment that may be owned by police departments. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 142 Notification Time EMS – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (A070) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998 or 9999, (A540) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, or 9999, and ARRIVAL TIME EMS is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, (A560) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, or 9999, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, (E01P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 9998, (E03P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 8888, (E04P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 8888, (E07P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9997, (E08P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9996, 9997, 9998, all persons TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY equals 2, 4, (P093) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C29 THEN NOTIFICATION TIME EMS should not be more than 120 minutes later than CRASH TIME. ARRIVAL TIME EMS should not be more than 120 minutes later than NOTIFICATION TIME EMS. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not be more than 180 minutes later than NOTIFICATION TIME EMS. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must equal 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888 or 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. ARRIVAL TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS must not equal 8888, 9998. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must not equal 9997 or 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS, ARRIVAL TIME EMS, EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. 143 Arrival Time EMS – FARS Only C30 C30 - Arrival Time EMS - FARS Only FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.ARR_HOUR; Accident.ARR_MIN ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 8888 0000-2359 0099-2399 9997 9998 9999 Attributes Not Applicable (Not Notified) Valid Military Times Known Hours but Unknown Minutes Officially Canceled Unknown if Arrived Unknown EMS Scene Arrival Time Definition: Arrival Time EMS is the time Emergency Medical Service arrived on the crash scene. Remarks: This excludes any transport by anyone other than EMS. (e.g., Law Enforcement, POV, etc.). Every effort should be made to determine the Notification Time EMS, Arrival Time EMS, and EMS Time at Hospital. Code the official EMS times as received. Do not alter the times because of discrepancies with the crash time. All EMS time formats are in hours and minutes. If you receive an EMS time that includes the seconds’ position, truncate to the reported minutes. Example: 10:51:35 would be 10:51. Code Notification Time EMS and Arrival Time EMS no matter how much time has elapsed since the Crash Time. 8888 Not Applicable [Not Notified]) Enter this attribute only if EMS was never notified. DO NOT use this code if the EMS was notified then canceled. 0000 - 2359 (Valid Military Times), 0099 - 2399 (Known Hours but Unknown Minutes) Code the arrival time of the first EMS unit to arrive on the scene. If unknown minutes, code the actual hour and “99” for the minutes. Code midnight as “0000.” One minute after midnight is coded “0001”. See remarks “How to Code Midnight” under Crash Time. 9997 (Officially Canceled) Enter this attribute if EMS was officially canceled. 9998 (Unknown if Arrived) Enter this attribute if there is no indication of official cancellation, but there is uncertainty or doubt that EMS ever arrived on the scene or not. 9999 (Unknown EMS Scene Arrival Time) Enter this code if EMS did arrive on scene, but the time of arrival is unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A540) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, or 9999, and ARRIVAL TIME EMS is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN ARRIVAL TIME EMS should not be more than 120 minutes later than NOTIFICATION TIME EMS. 144 Arrival Time EMS – FARS Only Check (A550) (E01P) IF ARRIVAL TIME EMS is not 8888, 9997, 9998, or 9999, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 9998, (E02P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9998, (E03P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 8888, (E04P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 8888, (E05P) (E06P) (E07P) EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL equals 9997, ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9997, ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9997, (E08P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9996, 9997, 9998, all persons TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY equals 2, 4, (P093) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C30 THEN EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not be more than 60 minutes later than ARRIVAL TIME EMS. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must equal 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888 or 9998. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888 or 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. ARRIVAL TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must equal 9997. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 9997. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS must not equal 8888, 9998. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must not equal 9997 or 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS, ARRIVAL TIME EMS, EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. 145 EMS Time at Hospital – FARS Only C31 C31 - EMS Time at Hospital - FARS Only FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.HOSP_HR; Accident.HOSP_MN ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 8888 0000-2359 0099-2399 9996 9997 9998 9999 Attributes Not Applicable (Not Transported) Valid Military Times Known Hours but Unknown Minutes Terminated Transport Officially Canceled Unknown if Transported Unknown EMS Hospital Arrival Time Definition: EMS Time at Hospital is the time Emergency Medical Service arrived at the treatment facility to which it was transporting victims of the crash. Remarks: This excludes any transport by anyone other than EMS. (e.g., Law Enforcement, POV, etc.). Every effort should be made to determine the Notification Time EMS, Arrival Time EMS, and EMS Time at Hospital. Code the official EMS times as received. Do not alter the times because of discrepancies with the crash time. All EMS time formats are in hours and minutes. If you receive an EMS time that includes the seconds’ position, truncate to the reported minutes. Example: 10:51:35 would be 10:51. Questions arise when there is more than one EMS unit or when there is more than one injured person. Code EMS Time at Hospital according to the following guidelines: 8888 (Not Applicable [Not Transported]) Use this attribute if all the injuries are on-scene fatalities (no one is transported for treatment.) Also use this attribute if there are live victims, but no one is transported to a treatment facility by EMS. 0000 - 2359 (Valid Military Time), 0099 - 2399 (Known Hours but Unknown Minutes) Code the EMS time at hospital of the unit transporting the most severely injured victim. The most severely injured victim includes (and usually is) the victim who dies en route to the treatment facility or later, but not the one who dies on-scene. If unknown minutes, code the actual hour and “99” for the minutes. Code midnight as “0000.” One minute after midnight is coded “0001.” See remarks. “How to Code Midnight” under Crash Time. 9996 (Terminated Transport) Enter this attribute if there is indication that EMS was notified, arrived at the scene but while in transit terminated the trip to hospital because the person died en route. This attribute should not be used when there is a hospital arrival time available for a person dead on arrival at the hospital. 9997 (Officially Canceled) Enter this attribute if EMS was officially canceled before on scene. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 146 EMS Time at Hospital – FARS Only C31 9998 (Unknown if Transported) Enter this attribute if there is no indication of official cancellation, but there is un-certainty or doubt that any victims were transported for treatment or not. 9999 (Unknown EMS Hospital Arrival Time) Enter this attribute if EMS transported victims for treatment, but the time of arrival at the hospital or treatment facility is unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (A550) ARRIVAL TIME EMS is not 8888, 9997, 9998, or 9999, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, (A551) EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL equals 8888, 9997, 9998, (A560) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, or 9999, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9997, 9998, 9999, (E01P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 9998, (E02P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9998, (E03P) ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 8888, (E04P) NOTIFICATION TIME EMS equals 8888, (E05P) (E06P) (E08P) (P530) EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL equals 9997, ARRIVAL TIME EMS equals 9997, NOTIFICATION TIME EMS is not 8888, 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL is not 8888, 9996, 9997, 9998, TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY equals 1, 3, 5, all persons TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY equals 2, 4, TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY equals 0 for every person in the case, EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL equals 8888, 9997, 9998, EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL equals 9996, (P54P) DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE equals 8, (P091) (P093) (P095) (P510) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not be more than 60 minutes later than ARRIVAL TIME EMS. TRANSPORTED TO FIRST MEDICAL FACILITY BY should not equal 1, 3, 5 for any PERSON. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not be more than 180 minutes later than NOTIFICATION TIME EMS. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must equal 9998, and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888 or 9998. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888 or 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. ARRIVAL TIME EMS and EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must equal 9997. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 9997. ARRIVAL TIME EMS must not equal 9997 or 9998. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not equal 8888, 9997, 9998. NOTIFICATION TIME EMS, ARRIVAL TIME EMS, EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must equal 8888. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL must not equal 00002399, 9999. DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE should not equal 8 for any PERSON. DIED AT SCENE/EN ROUTE must equal 8 for at least one person. EMS TIME AT HOSPITAL should not equal 8888, 9997, 9998. 147 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 C32 - Related Factors – Crash Level FORMAT: 2 numeric occurring 3 times SAS NAME: Accident.CF1; Accident.CF2; Accident.CF3 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 *01 *02 03 *04 05 *06 07 Attributes None Inadequate Warning of Exits, Lanes Narrowing, Traffic Controls, etc. Shoulder Design or Condition Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition No or Obscured Pavement Marking Surface Under Water Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc. Surface Washed Out (caved-in, road slippage) Special Circumstances: Codes Attributes 13 Aggressive Driving / Road Rage by Non-Contact Vehicle Driver 14 Motor Vehicle Struck by Falling Cargo, or Something That Came Loose from, Or Something That was Set-in-Motion by a Vehicle. 15 Non-Occupant Struck by Falling Cargo, or Something That Came Loose from, or Something that was Set-in-Motion by a Vehicle 16 Non-Occupant Struck Vehicle 17 Vehicle Set-in-Motion by Non-Driver *18 Date of Crash and Date of EMS Notification Were Not the Same Day 19 Recent Previous Crash Scene Nearby 20 Police Pursuit Involved 21 Within Designated School Zone *22 Speed Limit is a Statutory Limit as Recorded or was Determined as This State’s “Basic Rule” 23 Indication of a Stalled/Disabled Vehicle 24 Unstabilized Situation Began and All Harmful Events Occurred Off of the Roadway 25 Toll Booth / Plaza Related 26 Backup Due to Prior Non-Recurring Incident 27 Backup Due to Prior Crash 28 Backup Due to Regular Congestion 99 Unknown * FARS ONLY ATTRIBUTES Definition: This element identifies factors related to the crash expressed by the investigating officer. Remarks: Code information provided by the investigating officer in the narrative or contributing factors/circumstances field on the crash report. For attributes 01-07, if the officer states “the witness said," these should not be coded. Care must be used in coding these attributes. The Police Accident Report (PAR) should state that the environmental condition was a factor or existed at this location; cannot be inferred. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 148 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 Attributes 13-28 - SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES, are exceptions to the prior remarks. These are codes for unusual factors that occurred during the crash. If you can determine that any of these factors did happen, then these codes should be used. This element can be coded in conjunction with other elements even if similar information is identified; for example, if a traffic control is temporarily down, it can be coded under both DEVICE FUNCTIONING and RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL 01 (Inadequate Warning of Exits, Lanes Narrowing, Traffic Controls, etc.). In the case that more than three factors are identified, you may omit factors that are coded/identifiable in other elements. 00 (None) is used when no applicable related factors are noted in the case materials. Zero-fill all fields. Also, use 00 (None) to complete the remaining fields when you will be recording less than three crash related factors. DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank. *01 (Inadequate Warning of Exits, Lanes Narrowing, Traffic Controls, etc.) is used when the case materials identify that there was inadequate warning provided to motorists associated with the trafficway. In the case of more than three applicable factors, this attribute takes precedence over 06 (Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc.) and 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition). Do not use this attribute in situations that would include construction sites or work areas (see 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition)). Examples include: • Inadequate warning due to obscured signs • Inadequate warning because signs were temporarily down • Lack of necessary signage (e.g., merge or diverge warning, downhill grade). *02 (Shoulder Design or Condition) is used when the case materials identify problem conditions pertaining to the actual design or condition of the shoulder. In the case of more than three applicable factors, this attribute takes precedence over 06 (Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc.) and 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition). Examples include: • Soft or collapsing shoulders • Inadequate shoulder width • Shoulder is at a different level from the roadway (e.g., drop-off, lifted, not flat). 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition) is used when the case materials identify problem conditions pertaining to "inadequate maintenance" of the roadway (e.g., potholes, ruts in roadway) or conditions cited by the officer that are related to construction activity (e.g., addition of barricades, change in traffic patterns, merging lanes, etc.) *04 (No or Obscured Pavement Marking) is used when the case materials identify problem conditions pertaining to any pavement marking situations. In the case of more than three applicable factors, this attribute takes precedence over 06 (Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc.) and 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition). Examples include: • New asphalt that has covered old pavement markings • Areas where pavement marking has worn off. • The case materials mention ice/snow/mud was obscuring the pavement markings. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 149 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 05 (Surface Under Water) is used when the case materials identify that the roadway surface is under water beyond normal accumulation (i.e., depth of water). Also use this attribute when the case materials mention situations where the roadway is permanently under water (i.e., fords). In the case of more than three applicable factors, this attribute takes precedence over 06 (Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc.) and 03 (Other Maintenance or Construction-Created Condition). *06 (Inadequate Construction or Poor Design of Roadway, Bridge, etc.) is used when the case materials identify problems with the roadway design. This attribute does not include shoulder-related situations, pavement marking situations, or situations with inadequate warnings (See attributes 01 (Inadequate Warning of Exits, Lanes Narrowing, Traffic Controls, etc.), 02 (Shoulder Design or Condition) and 04 (No or Obscured Pavement Marking)). Examples include: • Original design of the trafficway (i.e., roadway bridges, medians, guardrails, traffic barriers) is poor • Blind intersections due to highway design, not due to visual obstructions (i.e., shrubbery) etc. • Improper banking • Lack of a lane for merging • Inadequate road surface (dirt, gravel surfaces, etc.); however, this must not be inferred; must be explicitly stated in police report as a “factor” 07 (Surface Washed Out [caved-in, road slippage]) is used when the case materials identify the roadway was previously washed out, caved-in, or had slipped due to prior events associated with the environment (e.g. flooding, earthquakes, etc.) 13 (Aggressive Driving/Road Rage by Non-Contact Vehicle Driver) is only used for situations where the investigating officer indicates that a non-contact vehicle (“phantom vehicle”) was being operated aggressively. The officer must use the term “Aggressive” in describing a driver’s behavior. This can be indicated in the case materials under related/contributing factors/circumstances or in the narrative. You may encounter the term “Road Rage” used to describe aggressive driving behavior. Always be cautious with this term as the two terms are not technically interchangeable. For contact vehicles, see Driver Level-Related Factor 08 (Aggressive Driving/Road Rage). 14 (Motor Vehicle Struck by Falling Cargo, or Something That Came Loose from, Or Something that was Set-InMotion by a Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify that a vehicle became a contact vehicle in the crash as a result of being struck by cargo or objects that fell from another vehicle or by something that was setin-motion by another vehicle. The term “set-in-motion” generally applies to non-fixed or fixed objects struck and propelled by a vehicle (including pedestrians or parked vehicles). This can also include a circumstance where one vehicle overrides another and then directs or controls the overridden vehicle’s movement. Examples include: • Cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and lands on another motor vehicle in-transport or a parked vehicle. • A car runs off the roadway at an intersection, hits a stop sign and propels the stop sign into a vehicle traveling on the intersecting roadway. • A motorcycle rider overturns in a curve, the rider is separated from the vehicle and the rider slides across the centerline into a vehicle traveling in the opposing lanes. • A tractor trailer overrides a passenger car and with the car still pinned under the truck, the combined vehicles continue on to contact other objects. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 150 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 15 (Non-Occupant Struck by Falling Cargo, or Something That Came Loose from, or Something that was Set-inMotion by a Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify that a non-occupant (e.g. pedestrian, bicyclist, person on personal conveyance) was struck by cargo or objects that fell from a motor vehicle or by something that was set-in-motion by motor vehicle. The term “set-in-motion” generally applies to non-fixed or fixed objects struck and propelled by a vehicle (including pedestrians or parked vehicles). Examples include: • Cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and lands on a bicyclist on the shoulder. • A car runs off the roadway at an intersection, hits a stop sign and propels the stop sign into skateboarder waiting to cross the intersection. • A car strikes a deer in the roadway and propels the deer into person jogging on the sidewalk. 16 (Non-Occupant Struck Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify that a non-occupant (e.g. pedestrian, bicyclist, person on personal conveyance) “struck” or “ran into” a motor vehicle (usually the side or back of the vehicle). This does not include non-occupants which are struck in the vehicle's path of travel. Examples include: • A bicyclist runs into the mirror of a parked car and falls into the path of a motor vehicle in-transport. • A runner collides with the side of a vehicle that comes to a sudden stop and the runner is subsequently struck by another vehicle. 17 (Vehicle Set-In-Motion by Non-Driver) is used when the case materials identify the crash involved a passenger's action. Examples include: • Passenger shifting gears on the vehicle. • Passenger hitting the accelerator • Passenger turning the ignition key or hitting the ignition button. NOTE: This attribute is different from Related Factors-Person Level 05 (Interfering with the Driver). *18 (Date of Crash and Date of EMS Notification Were Not the Same Day) is used when the crash victim(s) is not discovered immediately or when the effects of the crash are not immediately known. 19 (Recent Previous Crash Scene Nearby) is used when the case materials identify that a previous crash somehow influenced or contributed to the occurrence of this crash. Examples include: • A change in the traffic patterns • An obstruction on the roadway • A reduction in traffic speed • Occupants and/or vehicles on the roadway 20 (Police Pursuit Involved) is used when the case materials identify a police pursuit had been initiated by the police and was active at the time of the crash. This attribute is also used when a pursuit had been initiated and terminated, but the pursuit action is still related to the crash. This applies for both air and ground pursuing vehicles. To identify the individual(s) involved in the pursuit, please see Related Factors-Driver Level for 37 (Police Pursuing this Driver or Police Officer in Pursuit).) Definition of Police Pursuit: A pursuit is an event that is initiated when a law enforcement officer, operating an authorized emergency vehicle, gives notice to stop (either through the use of visual or audible emergency signals or a combination of emergency devices) to a motorist who the officer is attempting to apprehend, and that motorist fails to comply with the signal by either maintaining his/her speed, increasing speed, or taking other evasive action to elude the officer’s continued attempts to stop the 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 151 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 motorist. A pursuit is terminated when the motorist stops, or when the attempt to apprehend is discontinued by the officer or at the direction of a competent authority. 21 (Within Designated School Zone) is used when the case materials identify the crash occurred in an area signed or marked as a "School Zone". This may or may not be a school-bus-related. "School Zones" are zones near or at a school which exist during months and hours when zone signing is in effect. *22 (Speed Limit is a Statutory Limit as Recorded or was Determined as This State's "Basic Rule") is used when the case materials identify there is no posted speed limit but the state law sets the maximum speed limit on a local road or street. 23 (Indication of a Stalled/Disable Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify that a stalled or mechanically disabled vehicle was somehow related to the crash. It includes both contact and non-contact vehicles that are stalled/disabled for mechanical reasons not due to crash-related damage. Examples include: • A pedestrian is struck when walking from their stalled vehicle. • A vehicle is stalled in the travel lanes causing another vehicle to lose control and crash. 24 (Unstabilized Situation Began and All Harmful Events Occurred Off of the Roadway) is used when the case materials identify the unstabilized situation began within the trafficway but off the roadway and all harmful events occurred off the roadway. Examples include: • A vehicle stopped on the roadside begins to accelerate to re-enter the roadway and runs into a ditch and overturns. • An ATV is driving along the roadside and strikes a tree stump. • A vehicle strikes a pedestrian while driving down the road shoulder. 25 (Toll Booth/Plaza Related) is used when the case materials identify that the crash occurred at or in the vicinity of a toll booth (manned or unmanned) or a toll plaza. These are crashes that occur in the upstream approach to the toll booth/plaza area and continues as the approach area (where the toll road begins to widen) leading up to the toll booths and in the departure area where the road begins to narrow leading back to the normal number of lanes comprising the toll road downstream departure area. 26 (Backup Due to Prior Non-Recurring Incident) is used when the case materials identify that the crash occurred in or related to an area of the trafficway where there was congestion on the roadway caused by an unusual and unplanned event. Examples include: • A tractor trailer transporting a trailer designated as a Wide Load • Debris in the roadway causing a backup. • Backup due to traffic going to or coming from a funeral procession, sporting event, parade or traffic signal outage. 27 (Backup Due to Prior Crash) is used when the case materials identify there was an accumulation of traffic caused by vehicles slowing or stopping due to traffic flow being impacted by a prior crash. The distance from the prior crash does not matter; only the relevance to this crash. 28 (Back up Due to Regular Congestion) is used when the case materials identify the crash occurred in or related to an area of trafficway where there was congestion due to heavy traffic during rush hour. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 152 Related Factors – Crash Level C32 99 (Unknown) is used when the circumstances surrounding the crash are unknown and reported as Unknown by the investigating officer. In these circumstances, nine-fill all fields. If 99 (Unknown) is used for any field, ALL fields must be Unknown. DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank. * FARS ONLY ATTRIBUTES Consistency Checks: Check IF (1A0P) RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 14, (1A1P) RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 05, (640F) TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE equals 23 for any vehicle, RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 21, (641F) (642F) (840P) (850P) TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE equals 00 for any vehicle, any RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 99, the first RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 00, (860P) any RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL is blank, (870P) (880F) A RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL 01-07, 1328 can be used only once per crash. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 16, (890F) RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 15, (8L8S) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54, RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 14, (8L8T) (8L8U) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 08, 09, 15, 49, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. ROADWAY SURFACE CONDITIONS must equal 06 for at least one vehicle. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should equal 21. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 00 for every vehicle. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should not equal 21. all RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 99. all RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must be 00. If the second equals 00, then the third must also. all RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must be blanks. -there must be a Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with PERSON TYPE equal to 0408, 19. there must be a Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form with PERSON TYPE equal to 0408, 10, 19. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE or OTHER VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 15. 153 Related Factors – Crash Level Check (8L8V) IF RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 15, (AM1P) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54 or 73, or SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 54, 73 for any vehicle, any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 37, VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 05, (D470) (D500) (PB63) PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 230, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual C32 THEN there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19, and the corresponding event in that row equals 08-10, 15, 18 or 49. one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. at least one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should equal 20. at least one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should equal 20. at least one RELATED FACTORS - CRASH LEVEL should equal 19 or 23. 154 Interstate Highway – CRSS Only C33 C33 - Interstate Highway - CRSS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Int_Hwy ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 9 Attributes No Yes Unknown Definition: This element identifies whether or not the crash occurred on an interstate highway. Interstate highway is a Federal Highway Administration classification. Remarks: The Interstate Highway System includes those trafficways that are within the national system for interstate transport and defense purposes. Interstates typically have limited access and multiple lanes of travel. Crashes which occur on ramps leading to or away from an Interstate should be coded 1 (Yes). Enter 0 (No) when the PAR indicates that the crash occurred on any of the following: US Highway, State Highway, County Road, Township Road, or Municipal Road. Enter 1 (Yes) when the PAR indicates the crash occurred on an interstate highway. Some PARs use a specific block to indicate interstate. Interstate can also be identified by the prefix “I” used in the roadway name. Consistency Checks (CRSS) Only: Check IF (A3G0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, (A3H0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, (A3I0) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1 (A3J0) (A3K0) (A930) INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 10, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 1, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) is not equal to 03 or 05 or 20, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN TOTAL LANES IN ROADWAY should not equal 1 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should not equal 4 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should not equal 02, 04, 06, 08 or 16. SPEED LIMIT should not equal 01-40 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. INTERSTATE HIGHWAY should not equal 1. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 01-03, 20, 23 or 65 for at least one vehicle involved in the first harmful event. 155 Stratum – CRSS Only C34 C34 - Stratum - CRSS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.Stratum ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Stratum Number Stratum 2 Stratum 3 Stratum 4 Stratum 5 Stratum 6 Stratum 7 Stratum 8 Stratum 9 Stratum 10 Definition: The CRSS stratum applicable to this PAR. Remarks: Only motor vehicle traffic crashes are included in the CRSS. See the current CRSS Sampling Manual, for the definition of a CRSS crash. CRSS Strata Definitions Stratum # Definition Stratum 2 MVTAs involving at least one injured (A, B, C, or ISU*) or Killed (K) person who was not in a motor vehicle (i.e., non-motorist). Stratum 3 MVTAs not qualifying for Stratum 2 involving at least one injured (A, B, C, or ISU*) or Killed (K) occupant of a motorcycle or moped. Stratum 4 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2 or 3 involving at least one occupant of a late model year (LMY) passenger vehicle who was injured with a Suspected Serious Injury (A) or Killed (K). Stratum 5 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, or 4 involving at least one occupant of a non-late model year (NLMY) passenger vehicle who was injured with a Suspected Serious Injury (A) or Killed (K). Stratum 6 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, 4, or 5 involving at least one occupant of a late model year (LMY) passenger vehicle who was injured (B, C, or ISU*). Stratum 7 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 involving at least one medium or heavy truck or bus (includes school bus, transit bus, and motor coach) with GVWR equal to or greater than 10,001 pounds. Stratum 8 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 involving at least one occupant of a nonlate model year (NLMY) passenger vehicle who was injured (B, C, or ISU*). Stratum 9 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 involving at least one late model year (LMY) passenger vehicle AND no one in the crash was injured (A,B,C, or ISU*) or Killed (K). Stratum 10 MVTAs not qualifying for Strata 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9. *ISU = Injured, Severity Unknown 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 156 Stratum – CRSS Only C34 Important Notes: A. In stratum 2, non-motorist does not include occupants of a motor vehicle not in-transport. B. Motor vehicles that are not in-transport are not considered for stratification. Likewise, injuries sustained by occupants of motor vehicles that are not in-transport are also not considered for stratification. C. A motor vehicle with no occupants that is in-transport IS considered in the stratification. D. Late model year (LMY): the vehicle model year is equal to the crash year, the following year, or 4 prior years. E. Non-late model year (NLMY): the vehicle model year is older than 4 prior years or the model year of the vehicle is unknown. Unstabilized Situations As defined by ANSI D-16 7th Edition, Section 2.4.4, “An unstabilized situation is a set of events not under human control. It originates when control is lost and terminates when control is regained, or in the absence of persons who are able to regain control, when all persons and property are at rest.” “Property” can refer to the involved vehicles, separated components of the vehicles, cargo, or objects set in motion. The duration of an unstabilized situation establishes the beginning and end of an individual crash. At times, one PAR may contain more than one crash. This may happen when events constituting a crash have stabilized and units involved in the first sequence are subsequently involved in another crash sequence and recorded on the same PAR. If more than one crash is recorded on a PAR, ALL of the crashes are to be listed and stratified separately. This includes CRSS, NTS, and those which are Out-of-Scope. In a multi-vehicle crash, if it cannot be determined conclusively that all persons and property had come to rest at some point prior to the involvement of all vehicles listed on the PAR, the events would be part of a single unstabilized situation and thus considered one crash. Consistency Check (CRSS Only): Check Language 5AAP The Final Stratum should equal the Original Stratum. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 157 Police Jurisdiction – CRSS Only C35 C35 - Police Jurisdiction - CRSS Only FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Accident.PJ ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-128 Attributes Range Definition: The number (range 1 through 120) of the police jurisdiction from which the PAR was originally sampled. Remarks: This is the police jurisdiction from which the PAR is selected; it is written at the top of the PAR and is prefaced by the character “PJ”. The police jurisdiction may also be shown as the second of three numbers separated by -s. The first number in the set of three is the primary sampling unit, the second is the police jurisdiction, and the third is the PAR number. The jurisdiction number written on the PAR must match the number shown in the “CRSS Input Form” PAR/Jurisdiction field. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 158 Additional State Information Additional State Information FORMAT: Alphanumeric SAS NAME: None ELEMENT VALUES: • Blanks • Any Alphanumeric Characters Remarks: This space is reserved for each individual state’s use. Suggested uses depend on potential needs of the state. This space may contain: 1. Police Accident Report number. 2. Additional crash location information. If HPMS number is available, it may be inserted here. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 159 Vehicle Level Data Elements Vehicle Level Data Elements V1 – State Number – FARS Only V2 – Consecutive Number – FARS Only V3 – Vehicle Number – Vehicle Level V4 – Number of Occupants V5 – Unit Type V6 – Hit-and-Run V7 – Registration State V8 – Registered Vehicle Owner – FARS Only Vehicle Make/Vehicle Model Overview V9 – Vehicle Make V10 – Vehicle Model Alphabetical Listing of Makes Numerical Listing of Makes Vehicle Make/Model/Body Type Tables V11 – Body Type V12 – Vehicle Model Year V13 – Vehicle Identification Number V14 – Vehicle Trailing V15 – Trailer Vehicle Identification Number V16 – Jackknife V17 – Motor Carrier Identification Number V18 – GVWR/GCWR V19 – Vehicle Configuration V20 – Cargo Body Type V21 – Hazardous Materials Involvement/Placard V22 – Bus Use V23 – Special Use V24 – Emergency Motor Vehicle Use V25 – Travel Speed V26 – Underride/Override – FARS Only V27 – Rollover V28 – Location of Rollover V29 – Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point/Damaged Areas V30 – Extent of Damage V31 – Vehicle Removal V32 – Sequence of Events V33 – Most Harmful Event V34 – Related Factors – Vehicle Level V35 – Fire Occurrence V36 – Vehicle License Plate Number – CRSS Only 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 160 Vehicle Number – Vehicle Level V3 V3 - Vehicle Number – Vehicle Level FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Veh_No; Parkwork.VEH_NO ELEMENT VALUES: • 001-999 Definition: This element identifies the number assigned to this vehicle in the crash. Remarks: Each motor vehicle in a crash must be assigned a unique number. The numbers assigned to vehicles must be consecutive, starting with ‘001’ with no missing numbers. Motor vehicles are assigned the PAR's vehicle number unless a number is skipped because of a non-contact vehicle included on the PAR with a vehicle number or a non-motorist included with a unit number. Consistency Checks: Check IF (060P) NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NONMOTORIST is not equal to 000, 999, (CSI5) (CSI6) (PBA0) (PBA1) VEHICLE NUMBER at the Person Level is greater than 000, For each VEHICLE NUMBER, PERSON NUMBERS must be consecutive, beginning with 001 and with no gaps. PEDESTRIAN/ BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE BICYCLE equals 111, 211, 212, and VEHICLE NUMBER - VEHICLE LEVEL equals NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST, PEDESTRIAN/ BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE BICYCLE equals 112, 151, 213, 214, 217 or 218, and VEHICLE NUMBER - VEHICLE LEVEL equals NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST must equal some VEHICLE NUMBER in the case, and the UNIT TYPE must equal 1. VEHICLE NUMBER at the Person Level must equal a VEHICLE NUMBER at the Vehicle Level. -- PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) should equal 11. PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) should equal 10. 161 Number of Occupants V4 V4 - Number Of Occupants FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Numoccs; Parkwork.PNUMOCCS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01-98 99 Attributes None Actual Value* [if Total Known] Unknown Definition: This element identifies the number of occupants in each vehicle. Remarks: This data element must be coded for each motor vehicle involved in the crash. Code the total number of occupants (injured and uninjured) in this motor vehicle. In bus crashes, the total number of occupants, including the driver, must be entered. 00 (None) is used when this motor vehicle is unoccupied. 01-98 (Actual Value [If Total Known]) is used when the number of occupants in the vehicle is known. Person Level (MV Occupant) forms should be submitted for all known occupants (even if there is no information in the case materials). Buses are an exception. For buses (Body Types 50-52, 55, 58,59), the total number of occupants, including the driver, should be recorded, but Person Level (MV Occupant) forms should only be submitted for occupants known to be injured and for the driver, whether the driver is known to be injured or not. NOTE: This does NOT apply to small van-based buses (Body Type 21). Always submit a person level form for all occupants of vanbased vehicles, including small van-based buses. 99 (Unknown) is used when the number of occupants for the motor vehicle is unknown. Unless evidence clearly establishes the number of occupants present, this code is used when this motor vehicle is a “hit-and-run” vehicle. If the actual number of motor vehicle occupants is unknown, Person Level (MV Occupant) forms should be submitted for all known occupants (even if there is no information on the PAR). Buses are an exception. For buses (Body Types 50-52, 55, 58, 59), if the total number of occupants is unknown, Person Level (MV Occupant) forms should be submitted for the driver (if there was one) and all occupants known to be injured. This does NOT apply to small van-based buses (Body Type 21). If the total number of occupants is unknown for small van-based buses (Body Type 21), always submit a person level form for all known occupants (even if there is no information in the case materials). Also use 99 (Unknown) when the State reports information only on drivers and INJURED passengers and the total number of occupants is unknown. * Values greater than 30 are unlikely and will raise a “U” flag. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 162 Number of Occupants Consistency Checks: Check IF (2F0F) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS equals 00, (4C1P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C2P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C3P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C4P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C5P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C6P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C7P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C8P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C9P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C0P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4F1P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-10, 13, 17, 8083, 88-90, 91-95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, (4F2P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, (4F3P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, (4F4P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83,88,89, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V4 THEN DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 77. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. 163 Number of Occupants Check (4F5P) (4F6P) (4F7P) (4F8P) (4F9P) (4F9Q) (4F0P) (5F0F) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 12, 14-16, 19, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS equals 00-98, and BODY TYPE does not equal 50-52, 55, 58, 59, (BJ4P) any DRIVER DISTRACTED BY equals 03, (V170) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 12, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, (V180) (V190) (V200) (V210) (V220) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V4 THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 50. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. the number of Person Level forms for that vehicle must be equal to the NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must be greater than 01. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. 164 Number of Occupants Check (V230) (V240) (V250) (V260) (V290) (V340) (V350) (V360) (V370) (V380) (V390) (V400) (V410) (V420) (V430) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 91, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 90, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is, 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 99, BODY TYPE equals 90, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 98, 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V4 THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should equal 01. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. 165 Unit Type V5 V5 - Unit Type FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.UNITTYPE; Parkwork.PTYPE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 1 2 3 4 Attributes Motor Vehicle In-Transport (Inside or Outside the Trafficway) Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Within the Trafficway Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway Working Motor Vehicle (Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility only) Definition: This element identifies the type of unit that applies to this motor vehicle at the time it became an involved vehicle in the crash and was reported as a unit on the Police Accident Report (PAR). Remarks: IMPORTANT: Remember, you must have at least one motor vehicle “In-Transport” involved in the crash for this to be a reportable case. NOTE: For Unit Type attributes “2-4,” you must only submit selected elements on the Vehicle Level. V15, V25, and V32 are not coded. Also, all elements on the Driver level must be left blank, except D4 (Driver Presence) and D24 (Related Factors-Driver Level). Related Factors-Driver Level must be coded all “00.” 1 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport [Inside or Outside the Trafficway]) is used to indicate that this is a motor vehicle in-transport. “In-Transport” means any part of the vehicle’s primary outline as defined by the four sides of the vehicle (excluding open doors or mirrors) or load, if any, is within the roadway (travel lanes) or the vehicle is in motion anywhere within or outside the trafficway boundaries. If it can't be determined if a not in-transport, non-working motor vehicle is within or outside the trafficway, default to 3 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway). Examples: 1. Motor vehicle in traffic on the highway. 2. Motionless motor vehicle abandoned on the roadway travel lanes. 3. Motor vehicle on roadway stopped at traffic signal. 4. Motor vehicle driving or in motion on the shoulder, median or roadside. 5. Motor vehicle driving down a private driveway. 6. Motor vehicle in motion, outside the trafficway boundaries (e.g., vehicle pulling up to a pump in a gas station, not within trafficway; vehicle in motion in a parking lot aisle; lawn tractor driving in a field adjacent to the trafficway; ATV driving on a dirt track next to trafficway; etc.). 7. A tractor trailer with its load hanging over the roadway edge line. 8. A pickup truck on the shoulder with lumber extending into the travel lanes. 2 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Within the Trafficway) is used to indicate that this is a motor vehicle not intransport located within the trafficway boundaries when it became an involved unit. The trafficway boundaries are from property line to property line. Examples: 1. Motor vehicle parked in designated curbside parking lane. 2. Motor vehicle parked in designated curbside parking lane with an open door crossing into the travel lane. 3. Motor vehicle stopped completely on the shoulder, median or roadside. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 166 Unit Type V5 3 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway) is used to indicate that this is a motor vehicle not intransport located outside the trafficway boundaries when it became an involved unit by being struck by a motor vehicle in-transport. If it can't be determined if a not in-transport, non-working motor vehicle is within or outside the trafficway, default to 3 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway). Examples: 1. Motor vehicle parked in a private driveway, parking lot space, or other private property (outside the trafficway boundaries). 2. Any vehicle (not in motion) used for private construction occurring outside the trafficway boundaries. 4 (Working Motor Vehicle [Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility only]) is used to indicate that this is a motor vehicle that was in the act of performing highway construction, maintenance or utility work related to the trafficway when it became an involved unit. This “work” may be located within open or closed portions of the trafficway and motor vehicles performing these activities can be within or outside the trafficway boundaries. This code does not include private construction/maintenance vehicles, or vehicles such as garbage trucks, delivery trucks, taxis, emergency vehicles (except example #8 below), tow trucks, etc. Examples: 1. Asphalt/steam roller working in a highway construction zone paving the roadway or flattening dirt. 2. State highway maintenance crew painting lane lines on the road, mowing grass on the roadside or median, repairing potholes, removing debris from the roadway, etc. 3. Utility truck or a “cherry picker”, performing maintenance on power lines along the roadway or maintaining a traffic signal. 4. A private excavating company contracted by the State digging the foundation for a new overpass. 5. A state, county, or privately owned snow plow, plowing ice/snow as part of a highway maintenance activity. 6. Street sweeper sweeping the street. 7. A vehicle in a mobile work convoy displaying arrow boards or other signaling devices warning motorists of the work activity. 8. A law enforcement vehicle which is participating strictly in a stationary construction or mobile maintenance activity as a traffic slowing, control, signaling, or calming influence. When not in the act of performing “work” and involved in the crash, these highway construction, maintenance or utility vehicles can be: 1. In-Transport when traveling from one construction site to the next (Unit Type 1 (Motor Vehicle InTransport [Inside or Outside the Trafficway]). 2. Not In-Transport Within the Trafficway when stopped on the shoulder or within a highway work zone (Unit Type 2 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Within the Trafficway)). 3. Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway when parked and refueling at a depot (Unit Type 3 (Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Outside the Trafficway)). 4. In-Transport Outside the Trafficway when relocating off the trafficway from a work activity area to another off-trafficway parking location. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 167 Unit Type V5 Consistency Checks: Check IF (060P) NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NONMOTORIST is not equal to 000, 999, (252P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01, 02, 03, 04, 07, 08, 10, 11, 98 or 99, (255P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, (256P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 01 or 11, (257P) RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals 05, (2H1F) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 6, there is only one vehicle involved in the First Harmful Event where UNIT TYPE equals 1, (3BAP) (3C0P) (42BP) (4Z1P) (9A2P) (9A3P) (9A5P) (9B3P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and FIRE OCCURRENCE equals 1, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and BODY TYPE equals 80, 81, 83, 88, 89, and any RELATED FACTORS - VEHICLE LEVEL does not equal 30, UNIT TYPE equals 2, 3, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, PERSON TYPE equals 03, UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 7, (9B4P) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 8, (9B5P) (9B7P) UNIT TYPE equals 2, 3, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, (9B9P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 55, (9C4P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, (5A0P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST must equal some VEHICLE NUMBER in the case, and the UNIT TYPE must equal 1. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must not equal 3. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (THIS VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must equal 1. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event should equal 1 or 4. UNIT TYPE for VEHICLE NUMBER (OTHER VEHICLE) involved in the first harmful event must equal 1, 3 or 4. DRIVER’S VISION OBSCURED BY must equal 95. CRASH TYPE must equal 00, 04, 09, 15, 32, 42, 48, 52, 62, 66, 74, 84, 90, 93 or 98. VEHICLE REMOVAL should equal 2, 8, 9. the number of vehicles where CRASH TYPE is coded 00, 1-16, 92, 93 or 99 (excluding from the vehicles being counted, those where CRASH TYPE equals 98) must not equal 0 or be greater than 1. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 02. ROLLOVER and LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must equal 0. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must equal 6. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. UNIT TYPE must equal 2-4. there must be at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. there must at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal 2-4. UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE must equal 0. PERSON TYPE of all occupants of this vehicle must equal 03. there must be at least one other vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. DRIVER MANEUVERED TO AVOID must only equal 95. 168 Unit Type V5 Check (9C0P) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 55, (9C1P) UNIT TYPE equals 4, (9C6P) (AL3P) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, (AL4P) there is one and only one parked vehicle (UNIT TYPE equals 2 or 3) in the crash, UNIT TYPE equals 1, (AL5P) (AL6P) (AL7P) MOST HARMFUL EVENT equals __, and UNIT TYPE equals 1, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, (AZ20) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, (BJ1P) (VH25) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 1, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER DISTRACTED BY equals 16, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and CRASH TYPE equals blank, case status is flawed. UNIT TYPE is blank, case status is flawed. UNIT TYPE equals 1, and CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (CATEGORY) equals blank, case status is flawed. UNIT TYPE equals 1, and CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) equals blank, case status is flawed. UNIT TYPE equals 1, and ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, or LOCATION OF ROLLOVER equals 1-7, 9, UNIT TYPE equals 4, (VH70) (VH75) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, UNIT TYPE equals 4, (VH80) UNIT TYPE equals 4, (BJ2P) (BJ3P) (FP2F) (FP3F) (FP6F) (FP7F) (V74P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN there must be at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL must not equal 39. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must equal 0. MOST HARMFUL EVENT must not equal 54 for this vehicle. MOST HARMFUL EVENT for the parked vehicle must not equal 14. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal the MOST HARMFUL EVENT. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal __. MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 04-07, 16, 51, 72. PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) must equal 00. DRIVER DISTRACTED BY must equal 16. DRIVER DISTRACTED BY must not equal 16 or blank. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 or 9. ---- -- at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 01 for this vehicle. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 6, 9. elements V15, V24, V31 must all be left blank. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 05, 20, 21, 10. CARGO BODY TYPE should not equal 06, 07, 11, 12, 22. 169 Hit and Run V6 V6 - Hit-and-Run FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Hit_Run, Parkwork.PHit_Run ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 9 Attributes No Yes Unknown Definition: This element refers to cases where a vehicle is a contact vehicle in the crash and does not stop to render aid (this can include drivers who flee the scene on foot). Remarks: In many states, the investigating officer will note this in the narrative or check the appropriate box on the PAR. In some cases, the driver can be cited for failing to render assistance. Review the case materials carefully for references to hit-and-run or failure to render aid. It does not matter whether the hit-and-run vehicle was striking or struck. The hit-and-run vehicle(s) is (are) the one(s) that “departed prior to investigation by the police,” or that vehicle which is “abandoned” at the scene when its occupant(s) fled from the area. If the police report indicates that the vehicle was involved in a collision which was investigated, but there is no information on that vehicle or the driver/owner because of departure prior to police arrival on-scene, then hit-and-run is indicated. 0 (No) is used if there is no reason to believe a hit-and-run occurred involving this vehicle or its driver. Example: If a vehicle is involved in a multi-vehicle collision and one of the other contact vehicles leaves the scene. Examples include: 1. if occupants of a vehicle are taken or go directly from the scene to a medical treatment facility or physician. However, if doubt exists concerning the departure for treatment, assume hit-and-run. 2. a driver who leaves the scene but furnishes name, address, vehicle make, model and model year such that it is recorded in the available information and the available information does not indicate hit-andrun. 3. vehicles which set an object in motion such that (a) the object is contacted, before it stabilizes, by another in-transport motor vehicle, and (b) the vehicle which set the object in motion leaves the scene without providing the pertinent information (compare with exception two above), and (c) the available information does not indicate hit-and-run. 1 (Yes) is used when it has been determined that this vehicle’s driver left the scene with or without their vehicle. A hit-and-run occurred when this vehicle’s driver left the scene after: • striking a pedestrian or other type of non-motorist. • striking a parked/stopped off roadway motor vehicle (with or without occupants). • being struck while parked or in-transport. If Hit-and-Run is 1 (Yes), Driver and Person Level (MV Occupant) forms must be submitted for the driver and any known passengers of this vehicle involved in the crash regardless of the fact that it was a hit-and-run. When the presence of a hit-and-run vehicle is indicated and the available information does not provide the number of occupants, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must equal 9 (Unknown). 9 (Unknown) is used when the police indicate “Unknown.” 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 170 Hit and Run V6 Consistency Checks: Check IF (8K0P) VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 07, 08, (U340) UNLIKELY: HIT-AND-RUN equals 0 or 9 and SEX equals 9. (U360) UNLIKELY: HIT-AND-RUN equals 0 or 9 and AGE equals 999. (U070) UNLIKELY: More than one vehicle with HITAND-RUN equal to 1. (V860) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 61-64, (V880) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, (VH87) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equals 0114, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN HIT-AND-RUN must not equal 0. ---VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 02, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-10, 12, 96-98 VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 05-08, 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 06-12, 96-98. the corresponding code should be included in DAMAGED AREAS or DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. 171 Registration State V7 V7 - Registration State FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.REG_STAT; Parkwork.PREG_STAT ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Attributes Not Applicable Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Codes 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Attributes New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Virgin Islands Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Not Reported No Registration Multiple State Registration U.S. Government Tags (includes military) Canada Mexico Other Foreign Country* Other Registration (includes Native American Indian Nations) 99 Unknown *This value is an unlikely occurrence and will raise an error flag. 172 Registration State V7 Definition: This element identifies the state in which this vehicle was registered. Remarks: For a vehicle with an expired registration, code the state where the vehicle was registered at the time of expiration. 91 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 91 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). For combination vehicles, use the registration state of the power unit only. 00 (Not Applicable) is used for vehicles that are not required to be registered. This is state specific based on state vehicle registration requirements. Use state codes for all state registered vehicles, including state government vehicles. However, if your state does not register government-owned vehicles, use 00 (Not Applicable). 92 (No Registration) applies to vehicles that are required by state law to be registered and are NOT registered. 93 (Multiple State Registration) is used for commercial vehicles that are registered in more than one state under a valid reciprocal agreement (such as the International Registration Plan (IRP)). 94 (U.S. Government) is used to indicate the license was issued by the U.S. Government, such as military or State Department Foreign Service. If a PAR data element is coded with the attribute “Other” but the officer does not specify what this refers to: 1. Code 98 (Other Registration) if the PAR attribute choices can be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 2. Code 91 (Not Reported) if the PAR choices cannot be matched to or include all the attributes in FARS/CRSS. 99 (Unknown) is used when the registration information for a vehicle cannot be identified. Example unidentified hit-and-run vehicle’s registration reported as “Unknown” by police. Consistency Checks: Check IF (9K0P) HM2 equals 2, (AQ0P) REGISTRATION STATE equals 00, 92, (AV0P) REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 3, 4, (D330) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and REGISTRATION STATE is not equal to 00, 92, 99, (U040) UNLIKELY: REGISTRATION STATE equals 97. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 00. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must equal 0, 5, 6. REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3-6. -- 173 Registration State Check (V060) (V070) (V550) (V560) IF SPECIAL USE equals 04, HM1 equals 2, REGISTRATION STATE equals 93, 94, SPECIAL USE equals 04, (V600) (V630) REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 9, REGISTRATION STATE equals 00, 92, (V670) (V960) REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 1, 2, REGISTRATION STATE equals 99, Consistency Checks (FARS Only): Check IF (6G0P) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, (U450) UNLIKELY: REGISTRATION STATE equals 91. (V592) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 37, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V7 THEN REGISTRATION STATE should equal 94. REGISTRATION STATE should not equal 92. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3, 4. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3, and REGISTRATION STATE should equal 94. REGISTRATION STATE should equal 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should NOT equal 5. REGISTRATION STATE should NOT equal 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 5, 6, 9. THEN REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 00, 92. -REGISTRATION STATE should not equal 00, 92. 174 Registered Vehicle Owner – FARS Only V8 V8 - Registered Vehicle Owner - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS Name: Vehicle.OWNER, parkwork.POWNER ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Attributes Not Applicable, Vehicle Not Registered Driver (in this crash) Was Registered Owner Driver (in this crash) Not Registered Owner (other private owner listed) Vehicle Registered as Business/Company/Government Vehicle Vehicle Registered as Rental Vehicle Vehicle Was Stolen (reported by police) Driverless/Motor Vehicle Parked/Stopped Off Roadway Unknown Definition: This element is used to determine the type of registered owner of the vehicle. Remarks: The type of ownership, “loan vs. lease,” does not change the coding. An individual or company should be the Registered Vehicle Owner, regardless of the bank holding the loan or lease. Banks and leasing companies should be the Registered Vehicle Owner for their own fleets only. Vehicle Registration data takes precedence over police reported information. 0 (Not Applicable, Vehicle Not Registered) applies to vehicles that are not registered, both not required to be registered (state specific based on state vehicle registration requirements) and illegally not registered. (See 5 (Vehicle Was Stolen [reported by police]) for stolen vehicles.) For plated Business/Company/Government Vehicles that are exempt from normal registration see 3 (Vehicle Registered as Business/ Company/ Government Vehicle). 2 (Driver (in this crash) Not Registered Owner [other private owner listed]) is used for private owners other than the driver. Also, this includes when if the driver is a spouse of the owner but is not a co-owner. 3 (Vehicle Registered as Business/Company/Government Vehicle) is used for vehicles that are registered in a Business or Company name, or as a local, county, state or federal Government Vehicle. Use this attribute even if the Government vehicle is exempt from normal registration. Example: city owned police cruisers. 4 (Vehicle Registered as Rental Vehicle) applies for rental vehicles, such as: Hertz, Ryder trucks, etc. 5 (Vehicle Was Stolen [reported by police]) takes precedence over codes “0, 2, 3, 4, 6,” when multiple conditions exist. 6 (Driverless/Motor Vehicle Parked/Stopped Off Roadway) is used for both in-transport and not in-transport motor vehicles. This attribute should always be used if Unit Type is coded as “2” or “3,” even if other applicable conditions exist. This attribute is also used to indicate that this is a “driverless” motor vehicle in-transport (e.g., driverless vehicle stopped in a travel lane). If indicating this is a “driverless” motor vehicle in-transport, this attribute does not take precedence over codes “0, 3, 4, 5,” when multiple conditions exist. 9 (Unknown) is used when information on the registered owner is unknown or unclear; and in certain cases when the driver cannot be determined, but the registered owner is known. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 175 Registered Vehicle Owner – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (9A2P) UNIT TYPE equals 2, 3, (AQ0P) REGISTRATION STATE equals 00, 92, (AR0P) SPECIAL USE equals 04, (AS0P) (AV0P) (CB0P) (D330) (V550) (V560) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 3, 4, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 6, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and REGISTRATION STATE is not equal to 00, 92, 99, REGISTRATION STATE equals 93, 94, SPECIAL USE equals 04, (V570) HM1 equals 2, (V580) (V600) (V630) HM1 equals 2, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 9, REGISTRATION STATE equals 00, 92, (V670) (V960) REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 1, 2, REGISTRATION STATE equals 99, (VH25) UNIT TYPE equals 4, Consistency Checks (FARS Only): Check IF (V590) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, (V593) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 37, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V8 THEN REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must equal 6. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must equal 0, 5, 6. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must not equal 0, 1, 2, 4. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must not equal 0. REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 99. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3-6. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3, 4. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3, and REGISTRATION STATE should equal 94. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 0, 1, 2, 4. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3. REGISTRATION STATE should equal 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should NOT equal 5. REGISTRATION STATE should NOT equal 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 5, 6, 9. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 6, 9. THEN REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 1-3. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 0. 176 Vehicle Make / Vehicle Model Overview Vehicle Make/Vehicle Model Overview FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: VEHICLE MAKE, VEHICLE MODEL, BODY TYPE, and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR as shown on crash reports must be verified with registration data. In the case of inconsistencies, registration data takes precedence over crash report data. Note that vehicle information should be gathered only from state records. Do not use any other sources to determine any of these elements; that is, you should not use sources such as the NATB Passenger Vehicle Identification Manual. VEHICLE MAKE attributes are organized into general groups. These groups are: Codes Attributes 01-28 Domestic Passenger Car 29 Other Domestic Passenger Car 30-67 Import Passenger Car 69 Other Import Passenger Car 70-77 Motored Cycle/Moped 80-89 Truck/Bus 90-94 Bus 97 Not Reported 98 Other Make (where MAKE “29” or “69” are not applicable) 99 Unknown Make VEHICLE MODEL refers to the series of vehicles for a make (e.g., Pintos, Galaxies, Mustangs are Models of Ford). It does not refer to the various styles within a model unless they are listed in the codes for VEHICLE MODEL. VEHICLE MODEL attributes are organized into general groups. These groups are: Codes Attributes 001-399 Passenger Car (automobile) 400-499 Light Trucks (including truck based utility vehicles, light duty pickup trucks, standard pickup trucks, vans, mini vans, van-based station wagons, van-based buses, van derivatives, and truck-based station wagons). 598 Low Speed Vehicle (LSV) / Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) 700-739 Motored Cycles (including motorcycles, mini-bikes, motor scooters, dirt bikes, and mopeds). 850 Motor Home (truck based) 870 Medium/Heavy Van-Based Vehicle 880-897 Trucks (including all trucks over 10,000 lbs. GVWR except those pick-up type trucks mentioned under BODY TYPE code “30-31” [Pickup]). 898 Other, Unknown, truck over 10,000 lbs. GVWR. 980-996 All buses except those that are van-based. 988 Other bus over 10,000 lbs. GVWR. 989 Unknown Bus 997 Not Reported 998 Other Vehicle 999 Unknown Vehicle Note that for both VEHICLE MAKE and VEHICLE MODEL the use of the terms “other” and “unknown” have very specific meanings. “Other” refers to a VEHICLE MAKE or VEHICLE MODEL that is known but is not explicitly listed. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 177 Vehicle Make / Vehicle Model Overview “Unknown” refers to the situation where no specific named VEHICLE MAKE or VEHICLE MODEL is known. Selection of the proper “other” or “unknown” code can only be made with consideration of the vehicle BODY TYPE in accordance with the applicable BODY TYPE for given combinations of “other” and/or “unknown” VEHICLE MAKE and VEHICLE MODEL. 4WD, FWD, or Four-Wheel Drive does not automatically imply on/off road vehicle (Utility Vehicles), body types “14” and “15.” Reconstructed/Altered Vehicles: In cases where someone builds a “homemade” vehicle from drastically mixed parts, there may be no clear MAKE or MODEL. In addition, the state may issue an Identification Number in place of the Standard VIN. In such cases, code the VIN as all “0s”; code MAKE, MODEL, and MODEL YEAR as “9s.” Code BODY TYPE as appropriate. Be sure to use RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL code Reconstructed/Altered Vehicle. In reconstructed/altered vehicles where the modifications are less drastic and you can determine the MAKE, MODEL, and VIN, code these elements appropriately and be sure to use the Related Factors-Vehicle Level code for Reconstructed/Altered Vehicle. If any detail is known regarding the vehicle’s Make/Model/Body/Year, code what is known and then code the other elements as unknown. For example, you know it’s a Ford 4-door passenger car but the specific model and year are not reported. Code Vehicle Make as 12 (Ford), Vehicle Model as 399 (Unknown (Automobile)), Body Type as 04 (4-Door Sedan, Hard Top), and Vehicle Model Year as 9999 (Unknown). Code Not Reported only when Vehicle Make, Vehicle Model, Body Type, and Vehicle Model Year are all Not Reported. Not Reported If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code Not Reported in these situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 178 Vehicle Make V9 V9 - Vehicle Make FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Make, Person.Make; Parkwork.PMAKE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes Attributes 01 American Motors 02 Jeep/Kaiser-Jeep/Willys-Jeep 03 AM General 06 Chrysler 07 Dodge 08 Imperial 09 Plymouth 10 Eagle 12 Ford 13 Lincoln 14 Mercury 18 Buick/Opel 19 Cadillac 20 Chevrolet 21 Oldsmobile 22 Pontiac 23 GMC 24 Saturn 25 Grumman 26 Coda 29 Other Domestic Manufacturers 30 Volkswagen 31 Alfa Romeo 32 Audi 33 Austin/Austin Healey 34 BMW 35 Datsun/Nissan 36 Fiat 37 Honda 38 Isuzu 39 Jaguar 40 Lancia 41 Mazda 42 Mercedes-Benz 43 MG 44 Peugeot 45 Porsche 46 Renault 47 Saab 48 Subaru 49 Toyota 50 Triumph 51 Volvo 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Codes 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 97 98 99 Attributes Mitsubishi Suzuki Acura Hyundai Merkur Yugo Infiniti Lexus Diahatsu Sterling Land Rover Kia Daewoo Smart Scion Other Import BSA Ducati Harley-Davidson Kawasaki Moto-Guzzi Norton Yamaha Victory Brockway Diamond Reo/Reo Freightliner FWD International Harvester/Navistar Kenworth Mack Peterbilt Iveco/Magirus White/Autocar White/GMC Bluebird Eagle Coach Gillig MCI Thomas Built Not Reported Other Make Unknown Make 179 Vehicle Make V9 Definition: This element identifies the make (manufacturer) of this vehicle. Remarks: SEE ADDITIONAL REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE MAKE/ VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW Note that for both Vehicle Make and Vehicle Model, the use of the terms “other” and “unknown” have very specific meanings. “Other” refers to a make or model which is known but is not explicitly listed. “Unknown” refers to the situation where no specific make or model is known. Examples: 399 (Unknown (Automobile)), 499 (Unknown (Light Truck)), 739 (Unknown cc (ATV)), 884 (Medium/Heavy Truck - Unknown Engine Location), 999 (Unknown). Selection of the proper "other" or "unknown" code can only be made with consideration of the vehicle’s body type. For example, if a medium/heavy truck or bus make is known and is not listed, Vehicle Make is coded OTHER MAKE (med/heavy truck/bus or “other”) and the appropriate model code is used. If the make is unknown but the body type is known as a “school bus”, for instance, Vehicle Make is coded 99 (Unknown Make) and Vehicle Model is coded 989 (Unknown (Bus). 99 (Unknown Make) is used for a "hit-and-run" vehicle unless reliable evidence indicates the vehicle's make. 97 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 97 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). If a vehicle make or vehicle model is encountered that is not listed, NHTSA headquarters is notified. Consistency Checks: Check IF (920P) any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, equals Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], (921P) MAKE is not 97, 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, (930P) any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, does not equal Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], (960P) MAKE is not 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, (U480) UNLIKELY: VEHICLE MAKE equals 97. (V922) MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, (V961) MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the other three must also equal Not Reported. MODEL YEAR must equal ___, or CRASH YEAR plus 1. the other three must also not be coded as Not Reported. BODY TYPE must equal ___. -MODEL YEAR should equal ___. BODY should equal ___. 180 Vehicle Model V10 V10 - Vehicle Model FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Model; Person.Model; Parkwork.PMODEL ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 001-397 398 399 401-497 498 499 598 599 701-706 709 731-734 739 801-809 850 870 880 881 882 883 884 890 898 901-908 981-987 988 989 997 998 999 Attributes Automobiles Other (Automobile) Unknown (Automobile) Light Trucks Other (Light Trucks) Unknown (Light Trucks) Other (Low Speed Vehicle (LSV) / Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)) Unknown (Low Speed Vehicle (LSV) / Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)) Motorcycles Unknown cc (Motorcycles) All-Terrain Vehicles Unknown cc (ATV) Other Make (Medium/Heavy Trucks) Motor Home Medium/Heavy Van-Based Vehicle Medium/Heavy Pickup (pickup-style only – over 10,000 lbs.) Medium/Heavy Trucks – CBE Medium/Heavy Trucks – COE (low entry) Medium/Heavy Trucks – COE (high entry) Medium/Heavy Trucks – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy Trucks – COE (entry position unknown) Other (Medium/Heavy Trucks) Other Make (Buses) Buses Other (Bus) Unknown (Bus) Not Reported Other (Vehicle) Unknown Definition: This element identifies the model of this vehicle within a given make. Remarks: SEE ADDITIONAL REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE MAKE/VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW Note that for both Vehicle Make and Vehicle Model, the use of the terms “other” and “unknown” have very specific meanings. “Other” refers to a make or model which is known but is not explicitly listed. “Unknown” refers to the situation where no specific make or model is known. Examples: 399 (Unknown (Automobile)), 499 (Unknown (Light Trucks)), 739 (Unknown cc (ATV)), 884 (Medium/Heavy Trucks - Unknown Engine Location), 999 (Unknown). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 181 Vehicle Model V10 Selection of the proper "other" or "unknown" code can only be made with consideration of the vehicle’s body type. For example, if a medium/heavy truck or bus make is known and is not listed, Vehicle Make is coded OTHER MAKE (med/heavy truck/bus or “other”) and the appropriate model code is used. If the make is unknown but the body type is known as a “school bus”, for instance, Vehicle Make is coded 99 (Unknown Make) and Vehicle Model is coded 989 (Unknown (Bus). Unknown Make is used for a "hit-and-run" vehicle unless reliable evidence indicates the vehicle's make. 997 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 997 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). If a vehicle make or vehicle model is encountered that is not listed, NHTSA headquarters is notified. Consistency Checks: Check IF (920P) any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, equals Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], (921P) MAKE is not 97, 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, (930P) any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, does not equal Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], (960P) MAKE is not 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, (U460) UNLIKELY: VEHICLE MODEL equals 997. (V922) MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, (V961) MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the other three must also equal Not Reported. MODEL YEAR must equal ___, or CRASH YEAR plus 1. the other three must also not be coded as Not Reported. BODY TYPE must equal ___. -MODEL YEAR should equal ___. BODY should equal ___. 182 Alphabetical Listing of Makes Alphabetical Listing of Makes FARS Make Code 54 31 03 01 69-031 32 33 29-001 98-802 69-042 69-052 90 34 69-032 80 70 69-064 18 19 98-903 69-062 29-002 20 06 69-033 26 98-904 64 60 35 69-034 29-398 69-048 81 98-905 98-803 07 71 10 91 Make Acura Alfa Romeo AM General American Motors Aston Martin Audi Austin/Austin Healey Avanti Auto-Union-DKW Bentley Bertone Bluebird BMW Bricklin Brockway BSA Bugatti Buick Cadillac Carpenter Caterham Checker Chevrolet Chrysler Citroen Coda Collins Bus Daewoo Daihatsu Datsun DeLorean Desoto Desta Diamond Reo or Reo DINA Divco Dodge Ducati Eagle Eagle Coach NCIC Code* (ACUR) (ALFA) (AMGN) (AMER) (ASTO) (AUDI) (AUST) (AVTI) (AUTU) (BENT) (BERO) (BLUI) (BMW) (BRIC) (BROC) (BSA) -(BUIC) (CADI) --(CHEC) (CHEV) (CHRY) (CITR) --(DAEW) (DAIH) (DATS) (DELO) (DESO) -(DIAR) (DINA) (DIVC) (DODG) (DUCA) (EGIL) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS Make Code 29-398 69-035 36 69-398 12 82 83 69-398 92 23 25 72 69-036 98-806 37 29-398 55 08 58 84 38 88 39 69-037 02 02 73 85 63 69-058 69-053 69-038 40 62 59 13 69-039 86 69-061 69-040 Make NCIC Code* Excalibur Ferrari Fiat Fisker Ford Freightliner FWD Gazelle Gillig GMC Grumman Harley-Davidson Hillman Hino Honda Hudson Hyundai Imperial Infiniti International Harvester Isuzu Iveco/Magirus Jaguar Jensen Jeep Kaiser-Jeep Kawasaki Kenworth Kia Koenigsegg Lada Lamborghini Lancia Land Rover Lexus Lincoln Lotus Mack Mahindra Maserati (EXCL) (FERR) (FIAT) -(FORD) (FRHT) (FWD) (GZL) -(GMC) (GRUM) (HD) (HILL) (HINO) (HOND) (HUDS) (HYUN) (CHRY) (INFI) (INTL) (ISU) (IVEC) (JAGU) (JENS) (AMER) (AMER) (KAWK) (KW) (KIA) -(LADA) (LAMO) (LNCI) (LNDR) (LEXS) (LINC) (LOTU) (MACK) -(MASE) 183 Alphabetical Listing of Makes FARS Make Code 69-056 41 69-063 93 42 14 56 98-302 98-906 69-054 43 52 69-055 69-041 74 84 98-902 35 75 21 18 98-907 98-805 29-398 29-003 87 44 09 22 45 69-049 46 69-042 Make Maybach Mazda McLaren MCI Mercedes-Benz Mercury Merkur Meyers Motors Mid Bus Mini-Cooper MG Mitsubishi Morgan Morris Moto-Guzzi Navistar Neoplan Nissan Norton Oldsmobile Opel Orion Oshkosh Packard Panoz Peterbilt Peugeot Plymouth Pontiac Porsche Reliant (British) Renault Rolls Royce NCIC Code* (MAYB) (MAZD) -(MCIN) (MERZ) (MERC) (MERK) --(MNNI) (MG) (MITS) (MORG) (MORR) (MOGU) (NAVI) (NEOP) (NISS) (NORT) (OLDS) (OPEL) (ONTR) (OSHK) (PACK) (PANZ) (PTRB) (PEUG) (PLYM) (PONT) (PORS) (RELA) (RENA) (ROL) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS Make Code 47 29-004 24 98-807 67 69-044 69-398 65 69-057 61 98-809 29-001 29-398 48 69-045 53 29-005 98-301 94 49 50 69-046 98-808 98-908 77 30 51 98-804 89 89 02 76 57 Make Saab Saleen Saturn Scania Scion Simca Singer Smart Spyker Sterling Sterling Studebaker Stutz Subaru Sunbeam Suzuki Tesla Think Thomas Built Toyota Triumph TVR UD Van Hool Victory Volkswagen Volvo Western Star White/Autocar White/GMC Willys-Jeep Yamaha Yugo NCIC Code* (SAA) -(STRN) (SCAN) (SCIO) (SIM) (SIN) (SMRT) -(STLG) (STLG) (STU) (STUZ) (SUBA) (SUNB) (SUZI) --(THMS) (TOYT) (TRIU) (TVR) (UD) -(VCTY) (VOLK) (VOLV) (WSTR) (WHIT) (WHGM) (AMER) (YAMA) (YUGO) 184 Numerical Listing of Makes Numerical Listing of Makes FARS Make Code 01 02 02 02 03 06 07 08 09 10 12 13 14 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Make American Motors Jeep Kaiser-Jeep Willys-Jeep AM General Chrysler Dodge Imperial Plymouth Eagle Ford Lincoln Mercury Buick Opel Cadillac Chevrolet Oldsmobile Pontiac GMC Saturn Grumman Coda Volkswagen Alfa Romeo Audi Austin/Austin Healey BMW Datsun Nissan Fiat Honda Isuzu Jaguar Lancia Mazda Mercedes-Benz MG Peugeot NCIC Code* (AMER) (AMER) (AMER) (AMER) (AMGN) (CHRY) (DODG) (CHRY) (PLYM) (EGIL) (FORD) (LINC) (MERC) (BUIC) (OPEL) (CADI) (CHEV) (OLDS) (PONT) (GMC) (STRN) (GRUM) -(VOLK) (ALFA) (AUDI) (AUST) (BMW) (DATS) (NISS) (FIAT) (HOND) (ISU) (JAGU) (LNCI) (MAZD) (MERZ) (MG) (PEUG) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS Make Code 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 80 81 82 83 84 84 85 86 87 88 Make NCIC Code* Porsche Renault Saab Subaru Toyota Triumph Volvo Mitsubishi Suzuki Acura Hyundai Merkur Yugo Infiniti Lexus Daihatsu Sterling Land Rover Kia Daewoo Smart Scion BSA Ducati Harley-Davidson Kawasaki Moto-Guzzi Norton Yamaha Victory Brockway Diamond Reo or Reo Freightliner FWD International Harvester Navistar Kenworth Mack Peterbilt Iveco/Magirus (PORS) (RENA) (SAA) (SUBA) (TOYT) (TRIU) (VOLV) (MITS) (SUZI) (ACUR) (HYUN) (MERK) (YUGO) (INFI) (LEXS) (DAIH) (STLG) (LNDR) (KIA) (DAEW) (SMRT) (SCIO) (BSA) (DUCA) (HD) (KAWK) (MOGU) (NORT) (YAMA) (VCTY) (BROC) (DIAR) (FRHT) (FWD) (INTL) (NAVI) (KW) (MACK) (PTRB) (IVEC) 185 Numerical Listing of Makes FARS Make Code 89 89 90 91 92 93 94 29-001 29-001 29-002 29-003 29-004 29-005 29-398 29-398 29-398 29-398 29-398 69-031 69-032 69-033 69-034 69-035 69-036 69-037 69-038 69-039 69-040 69-041 69-042 69-042 69-044 69-045 69-046 Make White/Autocar White/GMC Bluebird Eagle Coach Gillig MCI Thomas Built Avanti Studebaker Checker Panoz Saleen Tesla Desoto Excalibur Hudson Packard Stutz Aston Martin Bricklin Citroen DeLorean Ferrari Hillman Jensen Lamborghini Lotus Maserati Morris Bentley Rolls Royce Simca Sunbeam TVR NCIC Code* (WHIT) (WHGM) (BLUI) --(MCIN) (THMS) (AVTI) (STU) (CHEC) (PANZ) --(DESO) (EXCL) (HUDS) (PACK) (STUZ) (ASTO) (BRIC) (CITR) (DELO) (FERR) (HILL) (JENS) (LAMO) (LOTU) (MASE) (MORR) (BENT) (ROL) (SIM) (SUNB) (TVR) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual FARS Make Code 69-048 69-049 69-052 69-053 69-054 69-055 69-056 69-057 69-058 69-061 69-062 69-063 69-064 69-398 69-398 69-398 98-301 98-302 98-802 98-803 98-804 98-805 98-806 98-807 98-808 98-809 98-902 98-903 98-904 98-905 98-906 98-907 98-908 Make Desta Reliant (British) Bertone Lada Mini-Cooper Morgan Maybach Spyker Koenigsegg Mahindra Caterham McLaren Bugatti Fisker Gazelle Singer Think Meyers Motors Auto-Union-DKW Divco Western Star Oshkosh Hino Scania UD Sterling Neoplan Carpenter Collins Bus DINA Mid Bus Orion Van Hool NCIC Code* -(RELA) (BERO) (LADA) (MNNI) (MORG) (MAYB) -------(GZL) (SIN) --(AUTU) (DIVC) (WSTR) (OSHK) (HINO) (SCAN) (UD) (STLG) (NEOP) --(DINA) -(ONTR) -- 186 Vehicle Make / Model / Body Type Tables Vehicle Make / Model / Body Type Tables Passenger Vehicles Motored Cycles Trucks Buses Other Make Unknown Make 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 187 Passenger Vehicles Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Acura (54) (ACUR) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Integra 032 033 Includes GS, LS, RS, GS-R, Type R L, LS, GS, Special Edition, GS-R NSX-T 034 035 Legend NSX (For 1991-2005 only. For 2016 on see model 043.) Vigor TL 036 RL/RLX 3.5, 3.7, Hybrid 037 CL 2.2, 2.3, 3.0, 3.2, Type S 038 039 RSX TSX 040 041 ZDX ILX 043 044 398 NSX (2016 on. For 19912005 see model 033.) TLX Other (automobile) 2.0, Type S 2.4, 3.5, Hybrid, Special Edition, V6 3.7, SH-AWD 2.0, 2.4, Hybrid, Premium, ASpec Sport 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 SLX 402 421 499 RDX MDX Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (ACURA) -3.2, 3.5, 3.7, SH-AWD (AT/MT) 2.4, 3.6 V-6, Standard --- Includes -2.3, SH-AWD Standard -- Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1986-2001, 9999 1986-95,9999 1991-2005, 9999 Body Types 03-05,07,09 1992-94,9999 1996-2014, 9999 1996-2017, 9999 1997-2003, 9999 2002-06,9999 2004-14,9999 04 04 2010-13,9999 2013-17,9999 05 04 2016-17, 9999 02 2015-17,9999 1986-2017, 9999 1986-2017, 9999 04 02-09 Model Years 1996-2000, 9999 2007-17,9999 2001-17,9999 1996-2017, 9999 Body Types 14 Model Years 1986-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 02,04,08,09 02 04 02 03 04, 06, 09 02-09 14 15 19 188 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Alfa Romeo (31) (ALFA) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Spider (Spyder) 032 Sports Sedan 033 Sprint/Special 034 035 036 037 398 GTV-6 164 (Alpha 164) 4c Giulia Other (automobile) Includes Roadsters, Veloce, Quadrifoglio, Duetto, Graduate, 1600/1750/1900/ 2000 roadsters, Giulia, Giulietta, Giulietta Veloce, Tipo 4-door sedans (except 164); Milano, Giulietta, Super, Berlina, Alfetta, Giulia 1750/1900/2000/2600 sedans, Alpha 90 2-door coupes; Alfetta GT, Monteal, 1750/1900/2000/ 2600 GTV, Sprint GT, GT Veloce, Giulia, Giulietta, Super, GTA, GTV, GTZ, TZ2 -LS, Q, Quadrifoglio Launch Edition, Base Base, Ti, Quadrifoglio Alfa, Montreal 399 Unknown (automobile) -- Model Years 1933-94,9999 Body Types 01,02,09 1933-89,9999 04 1933-80,9999 02 1981-86,9999 1990-95,9999 2014-16,9999 2016-17,9999 1933-95, 2014-17,9999 1933-95, 2014-17,9999 02 04 01,02,09 04 01-04,08,09 01-04,08,09 MAKE: AM General (03) (AMGN) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Dispatcher 402 Hummer 421 431 441 466 481 482 Hummer (SUV from 19932003; see 431 for 2004 on) (for Pickup, see model 481) Hummer (2004 on; see model 421 for 1993-2003) MV-1 Dispatcher Hummer (Pickup) (for SUV see model 421 for 19932003; see 431 for 2004 on) Hummer Includes Post Office (Jeep) H3 (Base, Luxury, Adventure, Limited Edition), x, Alpha Slantback-HMSB, H1, H2 Model Years 1965-94,9999 2006-11,9999 Body Types 14 14 1992-2003, 9999 15 H1 (Base, Luxury, Adventure), H2 (Base, Luxury, Adventure), Limousine SE, DX, LX, Taxi DJ-Series-Post Office Van H1, H2 (Base, Luxury, Adventure, Limited Edition), Alpha H3T (Adventure, Luxury, Alpha) 2004-11,9999 16 2013-15,9999 1965-91,9999 1992-2011, 9999 20 22 31 2009-11,9999 31 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 189 Passenger Vehicles Codes 498 Models Other (light truck) Includes -- Model Years 1940-2011, 2013-15,9999 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 1940-2011, 2013-15,9999 Includes Military off-road Body Types 60-64,71,72,78 MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 884 Medium/Heavy Truck 898 BUSES Codes 983 988 989 Body Types 14-16,19,20, 22, 31-33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48 14-16,19, 20, 22, 31-33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49 Other (medium/heavy truck) -- Model Years 1965-2011, 9999 1965-94,9999 Models Bus: Rear engine, Flat front Other (bus) Unknown Bus Type Includes Transit --- Model Years 1965-94,9999 1965-94,9999 1965-94,9999 Body Types 52 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Includes --- Model Years 1965-94,9999 1965-2011, 2013-15, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 49, 79, 99 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (AM GENERAL) 60-64,71,72,78 MAKE: American Motors* (01) (AMER) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Rambler American 002 Rebel 002 Matador 002 003 Marlin Ambassador 004 005 006 Pacer AMX Javelin Includes Rogue, 220, 330, 440, 440-H, Scrambler Deluxe, Custom, Super, Classic, Brougham, SC Mariner, Briarcliff, Westerner, The Machine, SST, 550, Grant, King Brougham, X, Oleg Cassini, Barcelona, Police, The Machine Black, Radar, Tahiti, Marlin II 800, 880, 990, SST, DPL, Brougham, DDL, Limited D/L, X, Limited (2-seater only) SST, AMX (1971-1974) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1954-69,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1967-70,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1971-78,9999 02,04,06,08,09 1965-67,9999 1958-74,9999 02,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 1975-80,9999 1968-70,9999 1968-74,9999 02,03,06,09 02,03,09 02,03,09 190 Passenger Vehicles Codes 007 Models Hornet Includes Model Years Body Types SST, Sportabout, AMX D/L, 1970-77,9999 02-04,06,08,09 SC-360, Gucci Edition, Levi Trim Package, X 007 Concord AMX Limited, D/L, Levi Trim, 1978-83,9999 01-04,06,08,09 Sport, Base, Sundancer 008 Gremlin Base, X, Levi Trim, GT, AMX 1970-78,9999 03,09 008 Spirit GT, AMX, D/L, SST 1979-83,9999 02,03,09 009 Eagle Sport, Series 30, Sundancer, 1980-88,9999 01-04,06,08,09 Limited 010 Eagle SX-4 50 Series, Kammback, Sport 1981-84,9999 02,03,09 398 Other (automobile) -1940-88,9999 01-04,06,08,09 399 Unknown (automobile) -1940-88,9999 01-04,06,08,09 * NOTE: Alliance, Encore, Premier (including L, DL, and Limited) are coded under Renault (46). MAKE: Audi (32) (AUDI) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Super 90 032 100 033 034 Fox 4000 035 5000 036 037 038 039 040 80/90 200 V-8 Quattro Coupe Quattro S4 (1992-1994; 2000-2011 only. See model 055 for 2012 on)/S6 (1992-1994; 2000-2011 only. See model 056 for 2013 on.) Cabriolet (1994-1998) A6 041 042 Includes -S, CS, LS, GL, Quattro (1989on) -Quattro, Coupe, Coupe GT, CS, S Quattro, CS, S, CS Turbo Quattro, T Quattro, Coupe Quattro Turbo Quattro 100 series 4000 series Quattro, Avant Quattro (Wagon), 3.0, 4.2 Saloon, Avant (2.7), RS4, Special Edition, V10, 5.6, 5.2 Model Years 1966-72,9999 1970-77; 198994,9999 1973-79,9999 1980-93,9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 1978-93,9999 04,06,09 1988-95,9999 1989-92,9999 1990-94,9999 1990-91,9999 1992-95; 200011,9999 04 04,06,09 04 02,03,09 01,04,06,09 -Avant Quattro Wagon (3.0L, 3.0T), Quattro (2.7T, 4.2), FrontTrak (2.8, 3.0L), RS6, 3.2, S Line, 3.0T (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige), 2.0T (Premium, Premium Plus), Special Edition 1994-98,9999 1995-2017, 9999 01 04, 06, 09 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,08,09 191 Passenger Vehicles Codes 043 Models A4 044 A8 045 TT/TTS 046 S8 047 048 Allroad (2001-05 only. See 403 for 2013 on) A3 049 A5 050 R8 051 A7 052 S5 054 055 057 058 059 398 RS5 S4 (2012 on only. See model 040 for 1992-1994; 2000-2011) S6 (2013 on. See model 040 for 1992-1994; 20002011) S7 RS7 S3 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) 056 Includes Avant Wagon (1.8T, 2.0T, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2), Avant Quattro Wagon, FrontTrak (1.8, 2.8, 3.0), Quattro (1.8T, 2.0T, 3.0, 3.2), Special Edition, S Line, 2.0T (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige) 4.2 Quattro, L, W12, NWB, 3.0T, 4.0T, TDI, Sport FWD, Quattro AWD, 180, 225 Quattro Roadster, FrontTrak (180), 1.8L, 2.0, 3.2L, S Line, RS (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige), 2.0T (Premium Plus, Prestige), RS 4.2 Quattro, 5.2, 4.0 TFSI Model Years 1996-2017, 9999 Body Types 01,04,06,09 1997-2017, 9999 2000-17,9999 04 2001-03; 200709; 2012-17, 9999 2001-05, 9999 02,04,09 2.0T/FSI, 3.2 S Line (Premium, Premium Plus), TDI, 1.8, Prestige, Sportback e-tron 2.0, 2.0T, 3.2, (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige) 4.2, 5.2, Spyder (V8, V10), GT (Spyder), (V8, V10, V10 Plus) Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige, (3.0 TFSI/TDI) 4.2, 3.0T (Premium Plus, Prestige) 4.2 Prestige, V8 3.0T Prestige, Premium Plus 2006-17,9999 01, 03, 04, 05, 09 2008-17,9999 01,02,09 2008-17,9999 01,02,09 2008-10, 201217, 9999 2008-17,9999 04, 05, 09 2013-15,9999 2012-16,9999 01,02,09 04 4.0TFSI Premium Plus, Prestige 2013-17,9999 04 4.0, Prestige 4.0 TFSI, Performance 2.0 (Premium Plus, Prestige) -- 2013-17,9999 2014-17,9999 2015-17,9999 1970-2017, 9999 1970-2017, 9999 04, 05, 09 05 04, 05, 09 01-06,08,09 QuattroWagon, 2.7T, 4.2 -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 01-03, 09 06 01,02,09 01-06,08,09 192 Passenger Vehicles LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Q7 402 Q5 403 404 405 Allroad (2013 on. For 2001-2005 see model 047.) SQ5 Q3 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (AUDI) Includes 3.6/4.2, 3.0T, TDI (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige) Hybrid, S Line, 2.0T, 3.2, 3.0T (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige), Hybrid (2.0) 2.0T (Premium, Premium Plus, Prestige) 3.0 (Premium Plus, Prestige) 2.0 TFSI (Premium Plus, Prestige) -- Model Years 2007-17,9999 Body Types 14 2008-17,9999 14 2013-17,9999 14 2014-17,9999 2015-17,9999 14 14 2007-17,9999 14 Includes -- Model Years 1966-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 MAKE: Austin/Austin Healey (33) (AUST) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Marina 032 America 033 Healey Sprite 034 035 398 Healey 100/3000 Mini/Mini Cooper/Mini Moke Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes GT -Mark II, MKIV/Princess (Special Order) M, S, Mark III 850, S Model Years 1973-75,9999 1968-72,9999 1958-70,9999 Body Types 01-04,08,09 02 01,04,09 1953-67,9999 1960-69,9999 01 01,02,06,09 A35, A40, Westminster, Cambridge, Somerset, Seven, Hereford, Sports, Sheerline, Atlantic, Countryman, Dorset, Devon -- 1947-75,9999 01-04,06,08,09 1947-75,9999 01-04,06,08,09 Model Years 1955-76,9999 Body Types 01-04,08,09 1956-76,9999 01-03,09 1969-74,9999 04 MAKE: BMW (34) (BMW) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 1600/1800/2000/2002 032 Coupe (before 1975) 033 Bavarian Sedan Includes Ti, Tii, Tilux, TR, CS, 1600-2, SA, Turbo, A, 1500, 2600, 501, 502 2800CS, 3.0CS, 3.0csi, 3.0csl, 3200, 503, 507, M1, 1802, 2000c/cs, 2002 2500, 2800, 2.8 Bavarian 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 193 Passenger Vehicles Codes 034 Models 3-series 035 5-series 036 6-series 037 7-series 038 039 8-series Z3 040 041 042 Z8 V5 Z4 043 044 045 046 047 1-Series X6 (For 2008-2015. For 2016 on, see model 404.) i3 i8 4-Series 048 049 398 2-Series X4 Other (automobile) Includes 3.0s/si, 318i/is/ti/ic, 320i, 323iS/iC/i/Ci,325e/es/i/iS/ii/ C/Ci/Cic/xi/iT/xiT, Sport Wagon (iT/xiT), 328 d/i/iS/ti/ iC/Ci/x/xi, xDrive, 330i/Ci/ Cic/xi, 335i/is/xi/d, xDrive, ActiveHybrid, M3, Gran Tourismo (328i), 340i 524i,525i/xi,528i/iT/xi, xDrive, 530i/iT/xi,533i, 535d/i/xi, xDrive, 550i, xDrive 540/i/iA/iT, TD Sport Wagon,525i/iT, (wagon 1992-93), M5, 545i, 550i/ix, Gran Turismo (535i, 550i), ActiveHybrid 5 630, 633, 635, csi, M6, L6, 640i, 645Ci, 650i/ix, Neiman Marcus Edition, xDrive, Alpina B 733i, 735i, L7, 740 d/i/L/iL /iA/Li Protection,750 i/iL/Li/ Lxi/ix Protection,745i/Li, 760i/Li, Alpina B7, Individual, ActiveHybrid 7, xDrive 840Ci/cia, 850i/iS/Ci/Cia 2.3/2.8/2.5i/3.0i Roadster, MRoadster, MCoupe, 2.8/3.0i Coupe --2.5i, 2.8i, 3.0i/si, 3.5i/is, Z4M/s/sDrive, 28i, 30i, 35s 128i, 135i/is, Electric 35i, 50i, ActiveHybrid, M, xDrive Base, Range Extender -428i, 435i, xDrive, M4, 430i, 440i 228i, 230i, M235i, M240i 28i, 35i -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1971-2017, 9999 Body Types 01-06,08,09 1975-2016, 9999 04-06,09 1976-89, 200417, 9999 01,02,04,09 1978-2017, 9999 04 1991-97, 9999 1996-2003, 9999 02 01-03, 09 2000-03, 9999 2007-08, 9999 2003-16, 9999 01 06 01,02,09 2008-14, 9999 2008-15, 9999 01,02,09 05 2014-17, 9999 2014-17, 9999 2014-17, 9999 03 02 01, 02, 04, 09 2015-17, 9999 2015-16, 9999 1955-2017, 9999 1955-2017, 9999 01, 02, 09 05 01-06,08,09 01-06,08,09 194 Passenger Vehicles LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 X5 (For 2000-16. For 2017 on, see model 421) 402 X3 403 404 X1 X6 (For 2016 on. For 20082015, see model 044.) X5 (For 2017 on. For 200016, see model 401) Unknown (light truck) 421 499 MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 703 125-349cc 705 450-749cc Includes 3.0i/si, 4.0is, 4.4i, 4.6is, 4.8is, M, 35d, Premium, 35d/i, 50i, Sport Activity, Premium. sDrive 25i, 28 d/i, 3.0i/xDrive, 35i, 4.8is, M Sports Package 28i/is, 35i, xDrive 35i, 50i, xDrive, sDrive Model Years 2000-16,9999 Body Types 14 2004-17,9999 14 2012-17, 9999 2016-17, 9999 14 14 -- 2017 15 -- 2000-17,9999 14, 15 Includes --- Model Years 1948-66,9999 1950-2003; 2006-17,9999 1969-2017, 9999 1948-2017, 9999 Body Types 80 80 Model Years 1948-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 Model Years 1936-73, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1959-2005, 9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1959-2005, 9999 1991-96,9999 1963-93; 199599,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 04,06,09 01,02,09 706 750cc and over -- 709 Unknown cc -- UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (BMW) Includes -- 80 80 MAKE: Buick (18) (BUIC) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Special/Skylark 002 LeSabre/Centurion/ Wildcat 003 Electra/Electra 225/Park Avenue (1991-on) Roadmaster Riviera 004 005 Includes GS (350, 400, 455), Deluxe GS California, Sport Wagon, Custom Roadmaster (194659), Skylark Edition Estate Wagon, Invicta, Custom, Limited, T-Type, Ltd, C.M.I, LE, Celebration Edition, Best Seller Limited, Park Avenue, Ultra, Base, Prestige, SE Estate Wagon, Limited S-Type, T-Type, Coupe Anniversary Edition, Silver Arrow 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 195 Passenger Vehicles Codes 007 Models Century Includes Luxus, T-Type, FWD (82-on), Custom, Regal (72-77), Limited, LE, SE, Base, Special Skylark (75), S/R Turbo, Luxus, Grand National GNX, T-Type S-Type, Roadhawk, T-Type, GT S/R, S, Limited, Sport, T-Type Skylark (86-on), Somerset, GS, Regal, Custom, Limited, T-Type GS, CXL, Turbo, Premium I/ II, Base, Grand National, Sport Touring Limited, Custom, Gold, Grand Sport GS, LS, Sport -CX, CXL (FWD/AWD), CXS, Super, Leather, Premium I/II, Touring, Preferred CX, CXL V6, CXL V8, CXS, Super, Special Edition CX, CXL (FWD/AWD) Model Years 1954-2005, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 008 010 Apollo/Skylark Regal (RWD only) 1973-76,9999 1978-88,9999 02-04,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 012 Skyhawk 1975-80; 198289,9999 1975-85,9999 1985-98,9999 02-04,06,08,09 015 018 Skylark (76-85) Somerset/Skylark 019 Regal (2011 on) 2011-17,9999 04 020 Regal (FWD) 1987-2004, 9999 1988-91,9999 2005-17,9999 02,04,08,09 021 022 Reatta LaCrosse 023 Lucerne 2006-11,9999 04 024 025 Enclave (2008-12 model years only. For 2013 on see model 421.) Verano 2008-12,9999 06 2012-17,9999 04 2016-17, 9999 01 1965-72,9999 1966-75,9999 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 Opel GT Opel Isuzu Other (automobile) Base, Convenience, Leather, Turbo, Premium, Sport, Touring 1SV, Premium, Sport, Touring -1900, Luxus, Ralley, Sports Coupe -Deluxe, Sport -- 026 Cascada 031 032 Opel Kadett Opel Manta 033 034 398 02 02,04,08,09 01-04,06,08,09 Unknown (automobile) -- 1969-75,9999 1976-79,9999 1965-2017, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 399 Model Years 2002-07,9999 2004-07,9999 Body Types 14 14 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Rendezvous 402 Rainier Includes CX, CXL, Ultra, Plus CXL, CXL Plus 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02-04,08,09 02,04,08,09 01,02,09 04 01-04,06,08,09 196 Passenger Vehicles Codes 404 Models Encore 405 Envision 421 441 498 Enclave (2013 on. See model 024 for 2008-12 model years.) Terraza Other (light truck) 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (BUICK) Includes Convenience, Leather, Premium, Base, Sport Touring, Preferred (I, II) Essence Preferred, Premium (I, II) Essence Convenience, Leather, Premium Model Years 2013-17,9999 Body Types 14 2016-17, 9999 14 2013-17,9999 15 CX, CXL -- 2005-07,9999 2002-07, 201317, 9999 2002-07, 201317, 9999 20 14, 15, 20 Model Years 1946-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 -- Includes -- 14,15, 20 MAKE: Cadillac (19) (CADI) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 003 Deville/Fleetwood (except Limousine) 004 Limousine 005 Eldorado 006 Commercial Series 009 014 Allante’ Seville Includes Coupe de Ville, Sedan de Ville, Fleetwood Brougham, Fleetwood 60 Special, d’Elegance, Concours, DHS, DTS Fleetwood 75, Formal, Deville-based, DTS Biarritz, El-doro, Touring Coupe, ESC, ETC Ambulance/Hearse, Professional -Elegante, STS, SLS 016 017 Cimarron Catera D’Oro Sport 018 CTS/CTC Luxury, Luxury Sport, VSeries, 2.8L, 3.0L, 3.6L, 6.2L Supercharged, Premium, Performance, Standard, Luxury 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1940-2005, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,08,09 1940-2017, 9999 1967-2003, 9999 1940-2017, 9999 1987-93,9999 1976-2004, 9999 1982-88,9999 1997-2001, 9999 2003-17,9999 12 01,02,09 09, 10-12 01,02,09 04 04 04 02-04,06,09 197 Passenger Vehicles Codes 019 Models XLR 020 SRX 021 STS 022 DTS 023 XTS 024 ATS 025 026 398 ELR CT6 Other (automobile) Includes Neiman Marcus Edition, VSeries, Standard, Platinum V6, V8, Sports Package, 2.8L Turbo, 3.0L, Luxury, Performance, Premium, Standard V6, V8, V-Series, Luxury, Premium, Standard, Platinum, 3.6L Luxury I, II, III, V8, 3.6L, Performance, Platinum Standard, Luxury, Premium, Platinum, V-Sport, Limousine, Funeral Hearse 2.0L/2.5L/3.6L (Standard, Luxury, Performance, Premium, Turbo) V-Series ---- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 XT5 421 Escalade/ESV (from 2004 on; see 431 for 2003 only) 431 480 498 Escalade ESV (2003 only) Escalade EXT (from 2002 2006; for 2007 on see 481) Escalade EXT (from 2007 on; see 480 for 2002-2006) Other (light truck) 499 Unknown (light truck) 481 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (CADILLAC) Includes 4WD, 2WD, Standard, Platinum, Limousine, Hybrid, Luxury, Premium Luxury, Premium, Platinum 4WD, 2WD 4WD, 2WD, Luxury, Premium, Standard --- Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 2004-09,9999 Body Types 01 2004-16,9999 06 2005-11,9999 04 2006-11,9999 04 2013-16,9999 04, 09, 11, 12 2013-17,9999 02,04,09 2014-16,9999 2016 1965-2017, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 02 04 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 11, 12 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 11, 12 Model Years 2017 1999-2000; 2002-16,9999 Body Types 14 15 2003, 9999 2002-06,9999 16 31 2007-13, 9999 31 1999-2000; 2002-17, 9999 1999-2000; 2002-17,9999 15, 16, 31 Model Years 1940-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 19, 39, 49 198 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Chevrolet (20) (CHEV) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Chevelle/Malibu (thru ’83) 002 Impala/Caprice (For SS from 2014 on, use 20021.) 004 Corvette 006 Corvair 007 008 El Camino Nova (-’79) 009 Camaro 010 Monte Carlo (thru ’88) 011 012 013 015 016 Vega Monza Chevette Citation Cavalier 017 019 Celebrity Beretta/Corsica 020 021 Lumina SS (For 2014 on. For Impala/Caprice SS use model 20-002.) Cobalt 022 023 024 025 HHR Traverse (2009-2012 only. For 2013 on see model 423.) Cruze Includes Classic, Councours, Laguna**, S-3, Greenbriar, Estate, 300, SS-396/454, Deluxe Biscayne, Belair, Super Sport, Classic, Classic Brougham, Townsman, Brookwood, Kingswood, LS, LT, LTZ, Sport, SS, Luxury Stingray, C5, Z06, Z06-R 50th Anniversary Edition, Commemorative Edition, Indy Pace Car, ZR1, Grand Sport, 427, 1LZ, 2LZ, 3LZ, ZL1 Monza, Corsa, 500, Yenko Model Years 1963-83,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1955-96; 200017, 9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1953-82; 19842017, 9999 01-03,09 1960-69,9999 Royal Knight, SS Chevy II, LN, LE, Concours, SS350/396, Rally SS, RS, LT, Berlinetta, Iroc-Z, Z/28, LS, LT, ZL1, 2.0L, 3.6L, 6.2L LS, SS, Aerocoupe, Landau, Z34 GT, Cosworth Spyder, 2 + 2, Towne Coupe S, Scooter, CS X-11, Citation II CS, RS, Z24, LS, Sport, Special Value Package CS, Eurosport, VR GT, GTZ, LT, LTZ, PX, QX, KX, LX, MX, Z26 Z-34, Euro, LTZ, LS LS, LT, LTZ 1958-94,9999 1962-79,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 10 01-04,06,09 LS, LT, LTZ, SS, SS, Base Supercharged, Sport, VL LS, 1LT, 2LT, SS, Panel LS, LT, LTZ 1967-2002, 2010-17,9999 01-03,09 1970-88,9999 02 1971-77,9999 1974-80,9999 1976-87,9999 1980-85,9999 1982-2005, 9999 02-04,06,08,09 02-04,06,08,09 03-05,07,09 02-05,07,09 01-04,06,08,09 1982-90,9999 1982-96,9999 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,05,08,09 1990-2001, 9999 2014-16,9999 02,04,06,08,09 04 2005-11,9999 02,04,09 2006-11,9999 2009-12,9999 06 06 LS, LT, LTZ, ECO, Turbo Diesel, 2011-17,9999 Limited 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02, 04, 05, 09 199 Passenger Vehicles Codes 026 027 028 029 031 032 033 034 035 036 Models Volt Caprice PPV Sonic Spark Spectrum Nova/Geo Prism/Prism Sprint/Geo Sprint Geo Metro/Metro Geo Storm Monte Carlo (1995 on) Includes Model Years Body Types Premier 2011-17,9999 05 -2011-17,9999 04 Base, LS, LT, LTZ, RS 2012-17,9999 04,05,09 LS, LT, EV 2013-17,9999 05 -1985-89,9999 02-05,08,09 CL, NUMMI-built vehicles, LSi 1985-2002, 9999 02-05,07-09 (Cultus - foreign) 1985-89,9999 03,05,07,09 Lsi, Xfi 1989-2001, 9999 01,03-05,07,09 Gsi 1985-93,9999 02,03,09 FWD, LS, Z34, LS, LT, LTZ, SS, 1995-2007, 9999 02 Sport Edition 037 Malibu/Malibu Maxx Base, LS, LT, LTZ, SS, Hybrid, 1997-2017, 9999 04-06,09 ECO, Classic, Limited 038 SSR Signature Series, LS, LS5, 1SS, 2003-06,9999 10 2SS, 3SS 039 Aveo/Aveo 5 Base, LS, LT, Special Value 2004-11,9999 04,05,09 398 Other (automobile) Fleetmaster, Fleetline, Styline 1930-2017, 9999 01-09, 10-11 Special, One-fifty, Bel-Air, Del Ray, Biscayne 399 Unknown (automobile) -1930-2017, 9999 01-09, 10-11 **Nomad, Malibu, Laguna, and other similar terms may be used on all models as a reflection of trim type. LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 S-10 Blazer/TrailBlazer (2002 only; for 2003 on, see 403) 402 Geo Tracker/Tracker 403 404 405 406 421 422 TrailBlazer (from 2003 on; for 2002, see 401) Equinox Captiva Trax Fullsize Blazer/Tahoe 441 Suburban (from 2004 on; see 431 for 1950-2003) Traverse (2013 on. For 2009-2012 see model 024.) Suburban (from 1950-2003; see 422 for 2004 on) Astro Van 442 Lumina APV 423 431 Includes S-10 p/u based, LS, LT, ZR2 TrailBlazer, Xtreme, ZR2, LS, LT, LTZ, EXT Lsi, LT, ZR2 Model Years 1982-2005, 9999 Body Types 14 1989-2004, 9999 2003-09,9999 14 2005-17,9999 2012-15,9999 2015-17,9999 1969-2016, 9999 14 14 14 15 2004-16,9999 15 LS, LT, LTZ 2013-17,9999 15 all models (C1500/2500, K1500/2500), LS, LT, Z71 Minivan, Cargo, Passenger, LT, LS, Conversion Minivan, MPV 1950-2003, 9999 1985-2005, 9999 1990-96,9999 16 LS, LT, LTZ, North Face Edition, EXT, SS (LS/LT) LS, LT, LTZ, Sport Sport, LS, LT, LTZ LS, LT, LTZ K-series, fullsized p/u based, LS, LT, LTD, LTZ, 4WD, Z71, Hybrid LS, LT, LTZ, Z71 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 14 20 20 200 Passenger Vehicles Codes 443 Models Venture 444 Uplander 445 461 City Express G-series van 466 470 P-series van Van derivative 471 S-10/T-10 Pickup 472 473 LUV Colorado 481 C, K, R, V-Series pickup/ Silverado 482 Avalanche 498 Other (light truck) 4 x 4, Fleetside, Extended, Crew, LS, S-10, Xtreme, ZR2, ZR5, electric pickup* Imported pickup Z71, Z85, Sport, LS, LT, Work, Value, Shoreline, Midnight (LT, Z71), Trail Boss C10-C30, K10-K30, R10-R30, V10-V30, Silverado: 1500 (CK, HD), 2500 (C-K, HD), 3500 (CK), ST, LS, LT, Z71, Fleetside, Sportside, CrewCab, SS, Hybrid, LTZ, WT, High Country, Rally ½, Midnight (HD, Base), Realtree, Custom Sport, Blackout, Special Ops 1500/2500 Premium, North Face Edition, Z71, Z66, LS, LT, LTZ, Black Diamond -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 1932-2017, 9999 Includes Truck-based Model Years 1949-2016, 9999 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Cargo, Passenger, Plus, LS, LT, Value, Value Plus, Extended, W. B. Edition, Entertainer Base, LS, LT, LT(AWD), LT Entertainer LS, LT Beauville, Chevy Van, Sport Van, G10-G30, Express, G1500/2500/3500, LT, LS -Parcel Van, Hi-cube 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1997-2005, 9999 Body Types 20 2005-08,9999 20 2015-16,9999 1957-2016, 9999 20 21,22,28,29 1965-99,9999 1965-2016, 9999 1982-2005, 9999 22,28,29 28,29 1972-91,9999 2004-12, 201516, 9999 30,32, 40, 42 30 1940-2017, 9999 31,32,39, 40, 42 2002-13,9999 31 1940-2017, 9999 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-32,39, 40, 42, 45,48 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-32,39, 40, 42, 45,48,49 30,32, 40, 42 Body Types 65,73 201 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy Van-Based Vehicle 880 Medium/Heavy Pickup (pickup-style only – over 10,000 lbs.) 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Other (bus) Includes Express 3500/4500 -- C50/60/65; M60/65; H70/80/90; J70/80/90; Bison 90; Kodiak (C4500) all other CBE T60/65, all other COE low entry Titan 90, all other COE high entry ---- Model Years 1957-2016, 9999 1953-2016, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 1955-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1960-2016, 9999 1971-80,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1951-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1949-2016, 9999 Model Years 1967-2016, 9999 988 -1965-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2016, 9999 ** Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (CHEVROLET) Includes S-60 series Includes --- Model Years 1934-2016, 9999 1933-2017, 9999 67 Body Types 50-52, 58, 59 50-52, 58, 59 50-52, 58, 59 Body Types 92, 93, 97 49, 79, 99 MAKE: Chrysler/Daimler Chrysler (06) (CHRY) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 009 Cordoba Includes Crown, 300, LS 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1975-83,9999 Body Types 02 202 Passenger Vehicles Codes 010 Models New Yorker (thru 78)/ Newport/5th Avenue/ Imperial (1979-83) (excludes all FWD) Includes Town and Country, Brougham, Custom, Royal, 300 (thru 1971) Frank Sinatra editions (FS), Royal Limo, Windsor Wagon/ Ambulance FWD vehicles, Turbo, Salon Model Years 1946-89,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 11,12 014 015 016 New Yorker/E-Class/ Imperial (1990-93)/ Fifth Avenue Laser LeBaron 1980-93,9999 02,04,08,09 1984-86,9999 1977-94,9999 03 01-09 1982-95,9999 01-09 2011-16,9999 01,04,09 2017 2013-14,9999 04,05,09 02 TC (Maserati Sport) Conquest Concorde Turbo, XE, XT Premium, Salon (RWD), Landau, LX, Town and Country cars and wagon, Medallion, FWD except GTS or GTC Sport Coupe GT, GTS-Turbo, GTC- Sport Coupe Limited (Base, Platimun), LX, Touring, S, Super S, C (Base, Platinum) -Standard, GTS, TA, GT3-R, GTS-R Turbo Convertible TSI, Turbo LX, Lxi, Limited 017 LeBaron GTS/GTC 018 200 019 021 100 SRT Viper 031 035 041 01-03,09 03 04 042 LHS New Yorker (1994-on) 043 Sebring 044 Cirrus JX, Jxi, LX, Lxi, GTC, Tsi, Limited, Plus, Platinum, Touring, Signature Series LX, Lxi 1988-91,9999 1987-89,9999 1993-2004, 9999 1994-97; 19992001, 9999 1995-2011, 9999 04 050 051 Executive 300M/300/300C/300S 1995-2000, 9999 1983-87,9999 1999-2016, 9999 Sedan and Limo Special, Platinum, Touring, Limited, SRT, Signature Series, SRT8, LX, SRT, Heritage, Great American, Walter P. Chrysler, Glacier, Executive Series, Luxury, Motown Edition, John Varvatos Edition 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 04 01,02,04,08,09 04,09, 11,12 04 203 Passenger Vehicles Codes 052 Models PT Cruiser Includes Base, Touring, Limited, GT, Turbo, Dream Cruiser, Platinum, Series 4, Signature Series, Street Cruiser, Pacific Coast Highway, LX, Sunset Blvd. Roadster, Black Tie Edition Model Years 2001-10,9999 Body Types 01,06,09 053 054 Prowler (for 2002) (1997,1999-01 see Plymouth) Pacifica 2002 01 2004-08,9999 06 Crossfire Other (automobile) Premium, Luxury, Touring, Signature Series, LX Limited, SRT6, Standard -- 055 398 01,02,09 01-09, 11,12 Unknown (automobile) -- 2004-08,9999 1946-2017, 9999 1946-2017, 9999 399 Includes Limited, Signature, Hybrid Minivan, SX, L, LX, Lxi, Ltd., SWB, LWB, AWD, FWD, eL, eX, Touring, Platinum, Signature Series, Limited, 30th Anniversary, S Base, Popular, Value, LX, eC Model Years 2007-09,9999 1990-2016, 9999 Body Types 15 20 2000-03,9999 20 LX, Touring (Base, L, L Plus) Limited -- 2017 20 1990-2017, 9999 15, 20,29 Includes -- Model Years 1946-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 421 Aspen 441 Town and Country 442 443 Voyager (2000 on; 198400 see Plymouth) Pacifica 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (CHRYSLER) 01-09, 11,12 MAKE: Coda (26) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Coda 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes ---- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 2012-13,9999 2012-13,9999 2012-13,9999 Body Types 04,05,09 04,05,09 04,05,09 204 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Daewoo (64) (DAEW) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Lanos Includes S, SE, SX, Sport 032 Nubira SX, CDX, SE 033 Leganza SE, SX, CDX 398 Other (automobile) -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- Model Years 1999-2002, 9999 1999-2002, 9999 1999-2002, 9999 1999-2002, 9999 1999-2002, 9999 Body Types 03,04,09 04,06,09 04 03, 04, 05, 06, 07,09 03-07,09 MAKE: Daihatsu (60) (DAIH) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Charade LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Rocky UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (DAIHATSU) Includes -- Model Years 1988-94,9999 Body Types 03,04,09 Includes -- Model Years 1990-92,9999 Body Types 14 Includes -- Model Years 1988-94,9999 Body Types 03,04,09, 14 Includes 170, 270, Custom, GT, Swinger, Demon, 340, 360, Special, Sport, Special Edition Brougham, Custom, Superbee, 500, Crestwood, Deluxe, XE, R/T, 440, SE, Police Custom, Special, Police, Taxi, Crestwood, Brougham RT/10, GTS, ACR, SRT-10, GT, SRT R/T, T/A, Rallye Model Years 1960-76,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1964-79,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1964-78,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 01,02,09 Custom, Special Edition, Police, R/T, Sport Medallion, S, Salon, SE 1976-80,9999 02,04,06,08,09 1977-89,9999 02,04,06,08,09 MAKE: Dodge (07) (DODG) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Dart (1960-76 only. For 2013 on; see model 029.) 002 Coronet/Magnum/ Charger (thru 1978) 003 Polara/Monaco/ Royal Monaco Viper 004 005 006 Challenger (1970-74 only; see model 028 for 2008 on) Aspen 007 Diplomat 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 1992-2010, 2016, 9999 1970-74,9999 01,02,09 205 Passenger Vehicles Codes 008 Models Omni/Charger (1983-87; for 2006 on see vehicle model 024) 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 Mirada St Regis Aries (K) 400 Rampage (car-based pickup) 600 Daytona 016 017 018 019 020 Lancer Shadow Dynasty Spirit Neon 021 024 Magnum Charger (2006 on; see model 008 for 1983-87) 025 Caliber 026 Avenger 027 Journey 028 Challenger (2008 on; for 1970-74 see model 005) Includes 024, DeTomaso, Miser, Charger 2.2, GLH, Custom, Shelby, GLHS, America, Expo, SE -Police, Taxi Custom, SE, LE LS 2.2, GT, Sport Model Years 1978-90,9999 Body Types 03,05,07,09 1980-83,9999 1979-81,9999 1981-89,9999 1982-83,9999 1982-84,9999 02 04 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,04,08,09 10 ES, Turbo, SE Turbo Z, C/S Competition, Shelby Z/CSX, Pacifica, IROC R/T Pacifica, Turbo, ES, Shelby ES, Turbo, America -ES, Shelby, R/T Competition, Highline, SE, ES, ACR R/T, SRT-4, SXT SE, SXT, R/T, SRT8 Daytona, SRT8, R/T, SE, SXT, Super Bee, 3.5L, Rallye, Plus, Max, Road and Track, Blacktop, 100th Anniversary, Red Line, Road & Track, Scat Pack, SRT 392, SRT Hellcat SE, SXT, R/T, SRT4, Sport, Heat, Mainstreet, Rush, Uptown, Express SE, SXT, R/T, Heat, Express, Blacktop SE, SXT, R/T, Heat, Hero, Uptown, Express, Crew, Mainstreet, Lux, American Value Package, Blacktop, AVP, SXT Plus, Limited, Crossroad SRT (392, Hellcat), SE, R/T (Plus, Classic, Scat Pack, Road & Track), Plum Crazy Edition, Classic, SXT, SXT Plus, Rallye Redline, Blacktop, Shaker, 100th Anniversary 1983-88,9999 1984-93,9999 01,02,04,08,09 03 1985-89,9999 1987-94,9999 1988-93,9999 1989-95,9999 1995-2005, 9999 2005-08,9999 2006-16,9999 02-09 01-03,05,07,09 02,04,08,09 01,02,04,08,09 02,04,08,09 2007-12,9999 05 2008-15,9999 04 2009-16,9999 06 2008-16,9999 02 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 06 04 206 Passenger Vehicles Codes 029 033 034 Models Dart (2013 on. See model 001 for 1960-1976 model years.) Challenger Colt (includes 2WD Vista) 035 039 040 041 Conquest Stealth Monaco Intrepid 042 ES 043 Avenger (see model 026 for 2008 on) Stratus 398 Other (automobile) -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 RaiderSport 402 Durango (1998-2003 only; see model 422 for 2004 on) 403 Nitro 421 422 441 442 443 444 Includes Limited, Rallye, SE, SXT, Special Edition, Mopar '13, Aero, GT, Blacktop all import GT, Custom, Carousel, Premier, Deluxe, E, DL, GTS, Turbo, RS Turbo RT, ES -ES, R/T, S, SE, SXT ES, SE, R/T, Plus, SXT Includes Sport Sport, R/T, SLT, SXT, Plus, Blacktop SLT, SXT, R/T, SE, Heat, Detonator, Shock Ramcharger -Durango (2004 on; see 402 ST, SLT, Limited, SXT, for 1998-2003 models) Adventurer, Hybrid, Express, Crew, LUX, Citadel, R/T, Blacktop, Plus, Rallye Vista Van 4x4 (Only) Caravan/Grand Caravan Mini Ram Van, 112 & 19 WB, SE, ES, LE, Sport, EX, eC, eL, AWD, Sport, EPIC-elec* SXT, C/V, Special Edition, Cargo, Hero, American Value Package, R/T, Crew, Blacktop, AVP, 30th Anniversary, SE Plus, SXT Plus Ram C/V Tradesman Promaster City Cargo, Passenger, Tradesman (Base, SLT) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 2013-16,9999 Body Types 04 1978-83,9999 1974-94,9999 02 02-09 1984-89,9999 1991-96,9999 1990-92,9999 1993-2004, 9999 1995-2000, 9999 1995-2007, 9999 1946-2016, 9999 1946-2016, 9999 03 02,03,09 02,04,08,09 04 Model Years 1986-94,9999 1998-2003, 9999 Body Types 14 14 2007-11,9999 14 1974-93,9999 2004-16,9999 15 15 1984-91,9999 1984-2016, 9999 20 20 2014-16, 9999 2015-16, 9999 20 20 02 02,04,08,09 01-09, 10,12 01-09, 10,12 207 Passenger Vehicles Codes 461 Models B-Series Van/fRam Van/ Ram Wagon 462 463 Sprinter Ram Promaster 470 Van Derivative 471 472 D50, Colt pickup, Ram 50/Ram 100 Dakota 481 D, W-Series pickup 482 Ram Pickup Includes Sportsman, Royal, Maxiwagon, Ram, B1500B3500, Tradesman, Ram Maxivan (1500, 2500, 3500), Ram Wagon (1500, 2500, 3500) Conversion, Cargo Van (1500: van, non-maxi van, maxi van; 2500: non-maxi, maxi van; 3500: non-maxi), Dodge Wagon (1500, 2500, 3500) Cargo, Passenger Cargo, Chassis, Cutaway, 1500 (Low Roof, High Roof), 2500 (Low Roof, High Roof), 3500 (Low Roof, High Roof) Kary Van, Parcel Van -R/T, Limited Edition, Quad Cab, Club Cab, Plus, SLT, ST, SXT, Sport, Laramie, TRX, SE, Big Horn, Lone Star, TRX4 Custom, Royal, Ram, Miser, D100-D350, W100-W350 1500 (Limited, Longhorn, Rebel, Laramie, Sport, Big Horn, SLT, Express, ST, Black, Tradesman, EcoDiesel, Outdoorsman, Stinger Yellow) 2500 (Limited, Laramie, Longhorn, Power Wagon, Big Horn, ST, SLT, Outdoorsman, Tradesman), 3500 (Limited, Laramie, Longhorn, Power Wagon, Big Horn, ST, SLT, Outdoorsman, Tradesman), Quad Cab, SLT, SLT+, ST, SRT-10, Laramie, Rumble Bee, Power Wagon, Daytona, TRX Off-Road, Sport, Black Ram, Red Wings Edition, Lone Star 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1963-2003, 9999 Body Types 21,28, 40,41, 42, 48 2003-09,9999 2014-16,9999 21,28 21,28 1971-2016, 9999 1979-93,9999 28,29 1987-2012, 9999 30-33,39, 40 1955-93,9999 31,32, 40, 42 1994-2017, 9999 31,32, 40, 42 30,32 208 Passenger Vehicles Codes 498 Models Other (light truck) Includes -- Model Years 1979-2017, 9999 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 1949-2017, 9999 Includes Truck-based Model Years 1952-2016, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes Sprinter, Promaster Model Years 1971-2009, 2014-16,9999 1953-2017, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 -- 1966-2017, 9999 1967-77,9999 -- 1967-77,9999 -- 1962-2017, 9999 1965-77,9999 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy VanBased Vehicle 880 Medium/Heavy Pickup (pickup-style only – over 10,000 lbs.) 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine Location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) -- -- --- 1930-2017, 9999 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (not van based) 1966-77,9999 (Engine out front) 988 Other (bus) -1965-77,9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-77,9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 14,15,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-33,39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48 14,15,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-33,39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48,49 67 Body Types 50-52, 58, 59 50-52, 58, 59 50-52, 58, 59 Body Types 92,93,97 209 Passenger Vehicles Codes 999 Models Unknown (DODGE) Includes -- Model Years 1952-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 79, 99 Model Years 1989-96,9999 1990-98,9999 1988-92,9999 1993-97,9999 1988-89,9999 1992-96,9999 Body Types 02-04,08,09 02,03,09 02,04,08,09 04 04,06,09 06 1988-98,9999 1988-98,9999 02-04,06,08,09 02-04,06,08,09 Includes Sport Model Years 1967-75,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 01,02,09 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,09 01,02,04,06, 08,09 01,02,09 03,05,07,09 02,03,09 MAKE: Eagle* (10) (EGIL) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 034 Summit (excludes wagon) 037 Talon 040 Premier 041 Vision 044 Medallion 045 Summit Wagon Includes DL, LX, ES, ESi FWD, Tsi, Tsi-FWD, Esi LX, ES, ES Limited Esi, Tsi DL, LX FWD, AWD, DX, LX (Mitsubishi) 398 Other (automobile) -399 Unknown (automobile) -*Note: Eagle model listed under American Motors. MAKE: Fiat (36) (FIAT) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 124 (Coupe/Sedan) 032 033 034 035 124 Spider/Racer Brava/131 850 (Coupe/Spider) 128 Spider 2000/1500 ---- 1968-83,9999 1975-82,9999 1967-73,9999 1972-79,9999 036 037 038 X-1/9 Strada 500/500c 1975-83,9999 1979-83,9999 2012-16,9999 039 398 124 Spider Other (automobile) --Abarth, Pop, Sport, Lounge, e, Cabrio, Turbo, Cattiva, Gucci, eSport, GQ Edition, 1957 Edition -600, 1100 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 500L 402 500X 499 Unknown (light truck) Includes Pop, Easy, Trekking, Lounge, Urbana Pop, Easy, Trekking, Lounge, Trekking Plus -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 2017 1967-83, 201117,9999 1967-83, 201117, 9999 01 01-09 Model Years 2014-16,9999 Body Types 14 2016 14 2014-16,9999 14, 19 01-09 210 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (FIAT) Includes -- Model Years 1967-83,9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1967-83,9999 -- 1967-83,9999 -- 1967-83,9999 Includes --- Model Years 1967-83,9999 1967-83; 201117, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 Includes FuturaSprint, GT, Futura Torino (1968-70), 500, Brougham Model Years 1960-70,9999 1955-70,9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,04,06, 08,09 Mach(I), Boss (302), Grande, Cobra (SVT), Ghia, SVO, GT (Premium, Base, Cal Spec. Pkg.), LX, Shelby (GT350, GT350R, GT500, GT500KR), Deluxe, Premium, Bullitt, V6 (Base, Premium, Pony), Fastback (V6, GT, Premium, Ecoboost) Landau, Heritage, Turbo coupe, Elan, Fila, Sport, LX, SC, Deluxe, Premium, Pacific Coast Edition, 50th Anniversary Edition S, Squire, Brougham XL, Landau, Ranch Wagon, Country Squire, S, 500, Brougham, XL, GT Falcon/Fairlane based Torino/LTD II based Grabber Pony, MPG, ESS 1964-2017, 9999 01-03,09 1955-98; 200205,9999 01,02,04,08,09 1977-79,9999 1963-86,9999 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1960-79,9999 10 1969-78,9999 1971-80,9999 02,04,08,09 02,03,06,09 MAKE: Ford (12) (FORD) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Falcon 002 Fairlane 003 Mustang/Mustang II 004 Thunderbird (all sizes) 005 006 LTD II LTD/Custom/Galaxy (all sizes) 007 Ranchero 008 009 Maverick Pinto 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 211 Passenger Vehicles Codes 010 Models Torino/Gran Torino/Elite 011 012 013 Granada Fairmont Escort/EXP/ZX2 015 016 Tempo Crown Victoria 017 Taurus/Taurus X 018 021 022 023 Probe Five Hundred Freestyle Fusion 024 Edge 025 026 027 031 Flex City C-Max English Ford 032 Fiesta 033 034 035 Festiva Laser Contour 036 037 Aspire Focus 038 398 GT Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes GT, Cobra, Sport, Squire, Brougham ESS, Ghia Futura, Sport Coupe L, GL, GLX, SS, GT, LX, LXE, SE, ZX2, Deluxe, Premium, Standard L, GL, GLX, Sport, 4X4 LX, LTD Crown Victoria, LX Sport MT-5, L, GL, LX, SHO, G, SE, SVG, SES, SEL, Limited, Eddie Bauer, Police Interceptor GL, LX, GT SE, SEL, Limited SE, SEL, Limited I4 S/SE/SEL, V6 SE/SEL, S, SE, Sport, Hybrid (S, SE), Titanium (Hybrid, Energi) Energi (SE, Titanium) SE, SEL, SEL Plus, Limited, Sport, Titanium SE, SEL, Limited, Titanium -Hybrid, Energi, SE, SEL Cortina, Anglia, Zephyr/ Zodiac Mark III Sport, Ghia, S, SE, SES, SEL, Titanium, ST L, GL -Sport, LX, SE, SVT -ZX3, LX, SE, ZTS, SVT, ZX4, ZX4, ST, ZX5, ZXW, S, SES, SEL, SE, Titanium, Electric, ST, RS -Deluxe, Ford Six, Mainline, Crestline, Futura, Galaxie, Model A -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1971-76,9999 1975-82,9999 1978-83,9999 1981-2003, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 02-09 1984-94,9999 1981-2011, 9999 1986-2016, 9999 02,04,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 1988-97,9999 2005-07,9999 2005-07,9999 2006-17,9999 03 04 06 04 2007-16,9999 06 2009-16,9999 2000-02, 9999 2013-16,9999 1946-70,9999 06 02, 04, 09, 94 05 02,04,06,08,09 1978-80, 201116, 9999 1988-93,9999 1993-94,9999 1994-2001, 9999 1994-97,9999 2000-16,9999 03-05,09 2004-08,9999 1923-2017, 9999 01, 02, 09 01-09, 10,11, 94 1923-2017, 9999 01-09, 10,11, 94 04,06,09 03 02,03,09 04 03,05,07,09 02-06,09 212 Passenger Vehicles LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Bronco (thru 1977)/ Bronco II/Explorer/ Explorer Sport 402 Escape 421 Bronco-full-size (1978-on) 422 Expedition 423 Excursion 441 442 Aerostar Windstar 443 Freestar 444 Transit Connect 461 E-Series Van/Econoline 462 470 Transit Van Derivative 471 Ranger Includes Eddie Bauer, XL, XLT, Explorer (1990 on) XLS, Explorer Sport (Value, Choice Premium), NBX, Adrenalin, Ironman, Police Interceptor, Base, Limited, Platinum XLS (Value, Sport, V6 Choice/Premium), XLT (Choice, Premium, Sport), Hybrid (Base, Limited), No Boundaries, Limited, S, SE, SEL, Titanium Eddie Bauer, Custom, XL, XLT Model Years 1966-77; 19832017, 9999 Body Types 14 2001-17,9999 14 1978-96,9999 15 EL, XLS, XLT (4x4,4x2), Eddie Bauer (4x4,4x2), NBX, Sport, NBX, Limited, King Ranch, Funk Master Flex Edition, XL, Platinum XLT, Limited (LTD), Ultimate, Premium, XLS, Eddie Bauer XLT, Cargo Van GL, LX, XLT, Splash, Cargo Limited, SE, SEL Base, LX, SE, S, SEL, SES, Limited XL, (Van, Wagon), XLT (Van, Wagon), Premium, EV, Titanium Clubwagon (XL, XLT), Chateau, (XL, XLT), Parcel Van, Econoline Wagon E-150 (XL/ XLT/ Premium); E-350 XL/XLT/ Extended), E-250 (EXT) Van, Wagon (XL, XLT) -- 1996-2017, 9999 15 2000-05,9999 16 1985-97,9999 1995-2003, 9999 2004-07,9999 20 20 2010-16, 9999 20 1960-2016, 9999 21,22,28,29 2014-17,9999 1960-2016, 9999 1982-2012, 9999 21, 28, 29 28, 29 Supercab, 4x4, STX, SL, SLT, Splash, XL (Standard/ Super Cab), XLT, Tremor (Standard/Super Cab/OffRoad/FX4), Edge (Regular/ Super Cab), EV* (electric), Level II, Sport 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 20 30-32, 40, 42 213 Passenger Vehicles Codes 473 Models Explorer Sport Trac Model Years 2001-11,9999 Body Types 30 1940-2017, 9999 31,32,39, 40, 42 Other (light truck) Includes 2WD/4WD, Value, Choice, Premium, XLS, XLT, Adrenalin, Limited F100, F150-F350, (XL, XLT, Crew Cab, Super Cab, Regular Cab, Lariat, Super Duty, Flareside, Styleside, SVT Lightning, Fireside, HarleyDavidson Edition, King Ranch, SuperCrew, STX, Heritage Edition, Sport Edition, FX4, FX2), F450 (10,000 GVWR and under) (see model 880 for F450 >10,000 GVWR), Amarillo Package, Platinum, Cabala's, STX, SVT Raptor, Limited -- 481 F-Series pickup 498 1972-2017, 9999 Unknown (light truck) -- 1928-2017, 9999 14-16, 20,21,28, 29, 30-32, 40,41, 42, 45,48 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-32,39, 40,41, 42, 45,4849 499 Includes Truck-based, F-550 Model Years 1956-2017, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes Econoline E350, E450, Transit Model Years 1956-2017, 9999 1953-2017, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 1953-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1964-2017, 9999 1967-2017, 9999 1956-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy Van-Based Vehicle 880 Medium/Heavy Pickup (pickup-style only – over 10,000 lbs.) 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 Super Duty 350, F450/550, Lariat, XL, XLT, King Ranch F-5 thru F-8, L-series, FTseries, Super Duty F-Series: 450/550/650/750/800 (does not include pickup style) C/CT series, LCF Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high C/CLT series, LCF entry Medium/Heavy – -Unknown engine location 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 67 214 Passenger Vehicles Codes 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 Models Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes -- Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Other (bus) Includes B-series (not van based), FSeries -- -- Model Years 1956-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Model Years 1964-2017, 9999 988 1940-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1940-2017, 9999 ** Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (FORD) Includes --- Model Years 1940-2017, 9999 1923-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 Body Types 50, 52, 58, 59 50, 52, 58, 59 50, 52, 58, 59 Body Types 92,93,97 49, 79, 99 MAKE: GMC (23) (GMC) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 007 Caballero 008 Acadia (2007-2012 only. For 2013 on see model 423.) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Jimmy/Typhoon/Envoy 402 421 Terrain Full-size Jimmy/Yukon 422 Suburban/Yukon XL (2004 on; see 431 for 19502003) Includes -SLE, SLT, Denali, SL Model Years 1965-87,9999 2007-12,9999 Body Types 10 06 -- 1965-2012, 9999 06, 10 Includes S-15 based, (100.5 WB), T15, SLE, SL, SLS, SLT, XL, XUV, Denali SLE, SLT, Denali Fullsize pickup based, K5, K18, SL, SLE, SLT, SLS, Diamond Edition, Yukon Denali, Denali, Hybrid Yukon XL (Denali -15002500), SLE, SLT, Hybrid Model Years 1983-2009, 9999 Body Types 14 2010-17, 9999 1969-2016, 9999 14 15 2004-16,9999 15 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 215 Passenger Vehicles Codes 423 431 Models Acadia (2013 on. For 2007-2012 see model 008.) Suburban/Yukon XL (19502003 only; see 422 for 2004 on) Includes FWD/AWD, Denali, SLE, SLT Model Years 2013-17,9999 Body Types 15 all models, SLE, C16, C26, K16, K26, C1500-2500, K1500-2500, Yukon XL (Denali -1500-2500) SLT, SLX, SLE, M15, L15, SL 1950-2003, 9999 16 1985-2005, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 20 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1982-2004, 9999 22,28,29 2004-16, 9999 30 1940-2017, 9999 31,32,39, 40, 42 1930-2017, 9999 1951-2017, 9999 14-16, 20-22,28, 29, 40, 42, 45,48 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 39, 40, 42, 45,48,49 Includes -- Model Years 1950-2016, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes Savana 3500, 4500 Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 441 Safari (Minivan) 461 G-series van/Savana 466 P-series van 470 Van derivative 471 S15/T15/Sonoma 472 Canyon 481 C, K, R, V-series pickup/ Sierra 498 Other (light truck) Hicube, Magna Van, Value Van, Parcel Van 4 X 4, Syclone, SL, SLS, SLE, Extended/Crew Cab, ZR2, ZRX, ZR5 Base, SLE, SL, SLT, Z71, Z85, Work Truck, Crew Cab, Extended Cab Excluding Yukon, C15-C35, K15-K35, R15-R35, V15-V35, Sierra, C/K1500, 2500, 3500, Sportside, X81, SL, Special, SLE, Classic, Extended Cab, Denali, 1500HD/2500HD, C3, Hybrid, SLT, Work Truck, 5SA -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy VanBased Vehicle Rally Van, Vandura, G15-G35, Savana (G1500-3500) SLT, Extended, SLE, LS, LT, Uplifter, WT, Cargo -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 21,22,28,29 28,29 30,32, 40, 42 216 Passenger Vehicles Codes 880 881 882 883 884 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 Models Medium/Heavy Pickup (pickup-style only – over 10,000 lbs.) Medium/Heavy – CBE Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Other (bus) Includes -- Model Years 1953-2017, 9999 Body Types 67 W5000/6000/7000 series, Kodiak Brigadier/General models, Top Kick W6000/W7000, all other COE, low entry, W/WT Series Astro 95, all other COE, high entry, T Series -- 1967-2016, 9999 60-64,66, 71,72,78 1968-2016, 9999 1969-2016, 9999 1948-2016, 9999 1967-2016, 9999 1930-2016, 9999 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 --- Model Years 1950-2016, 9999 988 -1965-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1950-2016, 9999 ** Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (GMC) Includes B6000 Includes --- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1940-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 92,93,97 49, 79, 99 MAKE: Grumman/Grumman-Olson (25) (GRUM) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 LLV Includes Postal vehicle 441 Step-in van Multi-stop, step van 498 Other (light truck) -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 Body Types 22 22 22 22 217 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE Model Years 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 1987-2004, 9999 Body Types 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 Model Years 1950-2004, 9999 988 -1950-2004, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1950-2004, 9999 ** Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 882 883 884 890 898 BUSES Codes 983 Includes -- Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy - COE high entry Medium/Heavy - engine location unknown Medium/Heavy - entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) -- Models Bus**: Flat front, rear engine Other (bus) Includes Transit UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (GRUMMAN/GRUMMANOLSON) ----- Includes -- 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Model Years 1950-2004, 9999 Body Types 79, 99 Model Years 1973-2017, 9999 Body Types 02-09 MAKE: Honda (37) (HOND) (Acura: See “54”) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Civic/CRX, del Sol Includes 1300, 1500, CVCC, DX, EX, VX, CX, FE, CRX, CRX Si, S, Si, HF, LX, 4WD Wagon, GX (NGV), HX, VTEC, VP, Si, Civic, Hybrid, Special Edition, EX-L, DX-VP, LX-S, Natural Gas, Sport, Sport Touring 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 218 Passenger Vehicles Codes 032 Models Accord 033 Prelude Includes LX (V-6, ULEV), LXI, DX, CVCC, SE-I, LX-I, V-6, SJE, SME, SMH, SMK, EX (Wagon, ULEV, V-6), SE (ULEV), Special Edition, Hybrid, Value Package, LX-S, LX-P, EX-L, Crosstour (EX, EXL, EX(V6), EX-L (V6)), Premium, Plug-In Hybrid, Sport, Hybrid (EX-L, Touring), Touring S, Si, VTEC, SNF, SH, SE 034 035 036 600 S2000 EV Plus* Coupe, Sedan Roadster, CR *Electric vehicle (EV+) 037 Insight 038 039 FCX Fit 041 398 CR-Z Other (automobile) *(Gasoline-Electric), MT/CVT, LX, EX Hydrogen Vehicle, Clarity Base, DX, LX, Sport, EV, EX, EX-L EX, Hybrid, Sport -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Passport 402 CR-V 403 Element 404 421 HR-V Pilot 441 Odyssey 471 Ridgeline 499 Unknown (light truck) Includes LX, EX, DX, EX-L LX, EX, Special Edition (SE), SC, EX-L, Touring DX, EX, EX-P, LX, SC, Dog Friendly EX, EX-L, LX EX, EX-L, LX, SE, Value Package, Touring, Elite LX, EX, EX-L (Res, NAVI), Touring, Touring Elite, SE RT, RTL, RTL-T, RTL-E, RTS, RTX, Sport, Black Edition -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1976-2017, 9999 Body Types 02-09 1979-2001, 9999 1968-72, 9999 2000-09, 9999 1997-2000, 9999 2000-06, 201014, 9999 2004-14, 9999 2006-16, 9999 02 2010-16, 9999 1968-2017, 9999 1968-2017, 9999 03 01-09 Model Years 1994-2002, 9999 1997-2016, 9999 2003-11, 9999 Body Types 14 2016-17, 9999 2003-16,9999 14 15 1995-2016, 9999 2006-14, 2017, 9999 1994-2017, 9999 20 02 01 03 03,05,09 03,05,09 05 01-09 14 14 30 14,15,19, 20, 30, 49 219 Passenger Vehicles MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50 cc Includes -- 702 51-124 cc -- 703 125-349 cc -- 704 350-449 cc -- 705 450-749 cc -- 706 750 cc or greater -- 709 Unknown cc -- ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 732 51-124cc 733 125-349cc 734 350cc or greater 739 Unknown cc OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) Includes includes all ATVs/ATCs/ TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/ TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/ TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/ TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. Model Years 1978-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1970-2017, 9999 1970-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 80, 81,83,88, 89 Model Years 1972-2017, 9999 Body Types 90, 97* 1972-2017, 9999 90, 97* 1996-2017, 9999 90, 97* 1972-2017, 9999 90, 97* 80, 81,83,88, 89 80, 83, 88, 89 80, 83, 88, 89 80, 83, 88, 89 80,82, 83, 88, 89 80, 81, 83, 88, 89 Includes Go Carts Model Years Body Types 1968-2017, 95, 97* 9999 999 Unknown (HONDA) -1965-2017, 49, 99 9999 *Refer to Body Type attribute 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for remarks regarding side-by-side ATVs MAKE: Hyundai (55) (HYUN) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Pony 032 Excel Includes Pony Excel (Foreign) GL, GLS, GS 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1979-88,9999 1984-94,9999 Body Types 02,03,09 03-05,07,09 220 Passenger Vehicles Codes 033 Models Sonata 034 035 Scoupe Elantra 036 Accent 037 Tiburon 038 039 040 041 XG300(2001)/ XG350 (2002 on) Azera Equus Genesis 042 Veloster 398 Other (automobile) SE, Limited, GLS Signature, Ultimate 3.8, 4.6, 2.0T, R-Spec, Grand Touring, Premium, Track, 5.0 R-Spec, Ultimate Base, Turbo, Re-Mix, R-Spec, RE-FLEX Edition, Rally Edition -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Santa Fe 402 Tucson 403 421 Veracruz (2007 only) Veracruz (2008 on; see 403 for 2007 only) Entourage Unknown (light truck) 441 499 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (HYUNDAI) Includes GL, GLS, LX, SE, Limited, Hybrid (SE, Limited), 2.0T (Sport, Limited), Sport, Eco, Plug-in LS, Turbo GLS, GL, GT, Limited, SE, Touring (GLS, SE), GS, Sport, Value Edition, ECO L, GL, GS, Gsi, GT, GLS, SE, Blue, Sport FX, GT, GS, SE, Limited Model Years 1989-2017, 9999 Body Types 04 1991-95,9999 1992-2017, 9999 02 02, 04-06,09 1995-2016, 9999 1997-2008, 9999 2001-05,9999 03-05,07,09 2006-16,9999 2011-16,9999 2009-16,9999 04 04 02,04,09 2012-16,9999 03 1984-2017, 9999 1984-2017, 9999 02-09 Includes GL, GLS, LX, Limited, SE, Sport (Base, 2.0T, Ultimate), 2.0T GL, GLS, LX, Limited, SE, Fuel Cell, ECO, Sport GLS, Limited, SE GLS, Limited, SE Model Years 2001-17,9999 Body Types 14 2005-17,9999 14 2007 2008-12,9999 14 15 GLS, Limited, SE -- 2007-09,9999 2001-17,9999 20 14,15,19, 20 Includes -- Model Years 1979-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 L 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02,03,09 04 02-09 221 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Imperial (08) (CHRY) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 010 Imperial 398 399 Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) Includes LeBaron, Mark Cross, Crown Imperial --- Model Years 1954-75,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,08,09 1965-75,9999 1965-75,9999 01-09 01-09 Model Years 1990-92,9999 1990-2006, 9999 1991-96; 19992002, 9999 1993-97,9999 1996-2001, 9999 2002-04,9999 2003-13,9999 Body Types 01,02,09 04 2003-13,9999 2003-13,9999 2008-13,9999 2014-16,9999 04 06 06 04 2014-17,9999 01, 02, 09 2014-16,9999 2014-17,9999 2015-16,9999 2016 1990-2017, 9999 1990-2017, 9999 04 06 04 05 01,02,04,06, 08,09 01,02,04,06, 08,09 Model Years 1997-2003, 9999 2013 2014-16,9999 2014-17,9999 Body Types 14 MAKE: Infiniti (58) (INFI) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 M30 032 Q45 Includes -Standard Touring, Q45t, Luxury , Sport, Premium G20t, Touring, Standard, Luxury -Standard, Touring, Luxury 033 G20 034 035 J30 I30 036 037 I35 G25/G35/G37 038 039 040 041 M35/M37/M45/M56 FX35/FX37/FX45/FX50 EX35 Q50 042 Q60 043 044 045 046 398 Q70 QX50 Q40 Q30 Other (automobile) Touring, Luxury x, 6MT, Journey, Sport, Special Edition, IPL Sport, x, Hybrid -Journey Base (3.7 Premium/AWD/ Hybrid) S (3.7 Premium/ AWD/Hybrid), Eau Rogue Journey, AWD, 6MT, IPL (Base and 6MT), S L, Hybrid Base, AWD, Journey ---- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 QX4 402 403 404 JX35 QX60 QX70 Includes Luxury Luxury, AWD 3.5, AWD, Hybrid 3.7, 5.0, AWD 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 04 04 04 04 01,02,04,09 14 14 14 222 Passenger Vehicles Codes 421 422 499 Models QX56 QX80 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (INFINITI) Includes -Base, AWD -- Model Years 2004-13,9999 2014-16,9999 1997-2017, 9999 Body Types 15 15 14,15,19 Includes -- Model Years 1990-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 MAKE: Isuzu (38) (ISU ) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 I-Mark 032 Impulse 033 Stylus 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes S, RS, Turbo, DOHC Turbo, RS ---- Model Years 1981-90,9999 1983-92,9999 1991-94,9999 1981-94,9999 1981-94,9999 Body Types 02-04,08,09 02,03,09 04 02-04,08,09 02-04,08,09 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Trooper/Trooper II Includes Deluxe, LS, S, LTD Model Years 1984-2002, 9999 1991-2004, 9999 1989-94; 19982000, 9999 1999-2001, 9999 2002-04,9999 2003-08,9999 1996-99,9999 1976-95,9999 1996-2000, 9999 2006-2008, 9999 2006-2008, 9999 1981-2008, 9999 1981-2008, 9999 Body Types 14 402 Rodeo/ Rodeo Sport S, LS, LSE 403 Amigo -- 404 VehiCROSS VXO 405 421 441 471 472 Axiom Ascender Oasis P’up (pickup) Hombre XS LS, S, Limited, Luxury S, LS 4X4 S, XS, XS Space Cab 473 i-280/i-290 S, LS, Luxury 474 i-350/i-370 LS, Limited, S 498 Other (light truck) -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 14 14 14 14 15 20 30,32 30,32, 40, 42 30 30 14,15, 20, 30,32, 40, 42 14,15,19, 20, 30,32,39, 40, 42, 48,49 223 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE Model Years 1981-2004, 9999 1981-2017, 9999 1981-2017, 9999 1981-2017, 9999 1981-2017, 9999 1981-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78, 97 Model Years 1981-2017, 9999 982 -1981-2017, 9999 983 -1981-2017, 9999 988 -1981-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1981-2017, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 882 883 884 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 Includes -- Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE, high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) NOR, NPR, NQR, N Series Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Bus: Front engine, Flat front Bus: Rear engine Flat front Other (bus) Includes -- UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (ISUZU) FRR, FRRI, FSR, FTR, FVR, F Series ---- Includes -- 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Model Years 1981-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 79, 99 Model Years 1976-2008, 9999 1949-2016, 9999 Body Types 01,02,09 MAKE: Jaguar (39) (JAGU) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 XJ-S, XK8 Coupe 032 XJ/ XJL/ XJ6/ 12/ XJR/ XJ8/ XJ8L Sedan/ Coupe Includes S, SC, GT, H.E. Mk II, Mk X, XJ,3.85, 3.8, 340/420 Sedan; XJ8(LWB, L, Vanden Plas, Sport); XJ6(L), C, L, Vanden Plas, III, GT, Super 8, Limited, Portfolio, Supersport, Supercharged, Ultimate, Standard Wheelbase, Long Wheelbase 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02,04,08,09 224 Passenger Vehicles Codes 033 Models XK-E 034 S-Type 035 XKR/XK 036 037 X-Type XF/XF-R 038 039 398 F-Type XE Other (automobile) Includes V12, Roadster, 120,140, 150, 2+2 3.0, 4.0, 4.2, Base, Sport, L, R, VDP Edition Victory Edition, Portfolio, 175 Limited Edition, Black Pack, XKR-S, Touring, GT, Final Fifty 2.5, 3.0, Sport, VDP Edition 4.2 Luxury, S, Premium Luxury, Supercharged, 3.0, 2.0T, Portfolio, Sport, Prestige S, V8, Project 7 --- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 F-Pace UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (JAGUAR) Model Years 1946-74,9999 Body Types 01-03,09 2000-08,9999 04 2000-15,9999 01-03,09 2002-08,9999 2008-16,9999 04,06,09 04 2014-16,9999 2016-17, 9999 1949-2017, 9999 1949-2017, 9999 01, 03, 09 04 01-04,06,08,09 Includes 20d/35t (Premium, Prestige, First Edition, Sport, R-Sport) Model Years 2017 Body Types 14 Includes -- Model Years 1946-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 01-04,06,08,09 MAKE: Jeep* (Includes Willys**/Kaiser-Jeep) (02) (AMER) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Compass LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 CJ-2/CJ-3/CJ-4 402 CJ-5/CJ-6/CJ-7/CJ-8 Includes Base, Sport, Limited, Latitude, Altitude, High Altitude Model Years 2007-16,9999 Body Types 06 Includes Model Years Military 1940-66,9999 Scrambler, Renegade, Golden 1967-93,9999 Eagle, Laredo, Wrangler, Body Types 14 14 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 225 Passenger Vehicles Codes 403 Models YJ series/Wrangler 404 Cherokee (1984-on) (For Grand Cherokee for 2014 on use 02-422.) 405 Liberty 406 Commander 407 Patriot 408 421 Renegade Cherokee (thru 1983) 422 431 Grand Cherokee (For 2014 on. Use model 403 for model years prior to 2013.) Grand Wagoneer 481 482 498 Pick-up Comanche Other (light truck) Includes SE, Sport (Base, S), Sahara, X, Rubicon (Base, Hard Rock), Unlimited (Altitude, Dragon, Freedom, Polar, Rubicon X. Willys Wheeler, Sport, S, Sahara), Islander, Call of Duty: Black Ops Edition, Moab, Altitude, Freedom, Rio Grande, 60th/65th Anniversary Edition, Apex, Columbia, Golden Eagle, Rocky Mountain, Willys, Willys Wheeler (Base, W), Black Bear Limited, Laredo, Pioneer, Sport, Grand Cherokee, TSi, Briarwood, Country, RHD, SE, Classic, Overland, Special Edition, SRT8, Summit, Laredo X, Overland Summit, Altitude, Trail Hawk, Sport, Latitude, Limited Sport, Limited Edition, Renegade, Columbia Edition, Rocky Mountain Edition, CRD, Special Edition, Latitude, Jet Base, Limited, Overland, Sport, Rocky Mountain Sport, Limited, Latitude, X, Altitude, High Altitude, Freedom Edition Trail Hawk, Latitude Wide Track, Chief, Commando, Jeepster Laredo (Base/E), Limited, Overland, Summit, SRT, Trailhawk Model Years 1986-95; 19972016, 9999 Body Types 14 1984-2016, 9999 14 2002-13,9999 14 2006-10,9999 14 2007-16,9999 14 2015-16,9999 1969-83,9999 14 15 2014-17,9999 15 Custom, Brougham Limited, Wagoneer J-10, J-20, Honcho Chief -- 1971-91; 1993,9999 1940-93,9999 1986-92,9999 1940-2017, 9999 15 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 31,32, 40, 42 31,32, 40, 42 14,15,19, 31,32, 40,41, 42, 45,48,49 226 Passenger Vehicles Codes 499 Models Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (JEEP) Includes -- Model Years 1940-2017, 9999 Body Types 14,15,19, 31,32,39, 40,41, 42, 45,48,49 Includes -- Model Years 1940-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 *Note that Jeep DJ-series are coded under MAKE 03, MODEL 466 **Willys Jeep can be coded 401 or 999. MAKE: KIA (63) (KIA) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Sephia 032 Rio/Rio5 033 Spectra/Spectra5 034 Optima 035 036 037 Amanti Rondo Soul 038 Forte 039 040 398 Cadenza K900 Other (automobile) Includes RS, LS, GS Cinco (Wagon), LX, SX, EX GS, GSX, GX, LS, LX, EX, SX LX, SE, V6, EX, SX, SX Turbo, Hybrid, Limited, SXL -EX, LX Base, sport, +, !, White Tiger, EV 2.0 (EX, LX, SX) 2.4 (SX), Koup (EX, LX, SX) 5 (EX, LX, SX) Premium, Limited Luxury -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Sportage 402 Sorento 421 441 Borrego Sedona Includes EX, LX, 4WD, Limited, SX, Base, Turbo EX, EX-V6, L, LX, LX-V6, SX, SX-V6, Limited, Limited-V6 EX, LX, LTD EX, L, LX, L, SX, Limited, SXL 498 Other (light truck) -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1994-01,9999 2001-17,9999 2000-09,9999 2001-16,9999 Body Types 04 04-06,09 04,05,09 04 2004-10,9999 2007-10,9999 2009-16,9999 04 06 06 2010-17,9999 02,04,05,09 2012-16, 9999 2015-16,9999 1994-2017, 9999 1994-2017, 9999 04 04 02,04-06,08,09 Model Years 1995-2003, 2005-17, 9999 2003-17, 9999 Body Types 14 2008-10,9999 2002-12, 201416, 9999 1995-2017 9999 1995-2017, 9999 15 20 02,04-06,08, 09 14 14,15,19, 20 14,15,19, 20 227 Passenger Vehicles UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (KIA) Includes -- Model Years 1994-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 Model Years 1976-82,9999 1976-82,9999 1977 1946-82,9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,09 02 01-09 1946-82,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 MAKE: Lancia (40) (LNCI) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Beta Sedan – HPE 032 Zagato 033 Scorpion 398 Other (automobile) 399 Includes Zagato -(Mote Carlo- Europe Only) Stratos, Fulvia, Flavia, Appia, Aurelia, Aprilia -- Unknown (automobile) *NOTE: Lancia did not import in 1980. 1982 - last year imported MAKE: Land Rover (62) (LNDR) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Discovery 402 Defender 403 404 Freelander (2004 on; see 422 for 2002-03.) Range Rover Evoque 405 421 Discovery Sport Range Rover 422 423 Freelander (2002-03 only; see 403 for 2004 on) LR3/LR4 424 498 LR2 Other (light truck) Includes SD, SE, SE7, LE, LSE, Series II, Kalahari Edition, S, HSE, G-4 Edition 90 Model Years 1994-2004, 9999 Body Types 14 1993-95; 1997, 9999 2004-05,9999 14 Pure (Premium, Plus), Prestige, Dynamic, SE (Premium), HSE (Dynamic) HSE (Base, Luxury), SE County, County SE, Great Divide, Hunter, LSE, County LWB, 4.0SE, 4.6HSE, S, SE, HSE, Westminster, Limited Edition, Supercharged, Sport (HST, SE, HSE, Supercharged, Autobiography), Supercharged, HSE-LUX, Autobiography (Base, Black) HSE, SE, S, SE3 2012-17,9999 14 2015-17,9999 1987-2016, 9999 14 15 2002-03,9999 15 HSE, SE, LUX, Plus, V8, Limited Edition i6, TD4, HSE, LUX, Plus Land Rover (1948-1990), Range Rover (before 1987) 2005-16,9999 15 2007-16,9999 1948-2017, 9999 15 14,15 HSE, SE, S, SE3, G4 Edition 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 14 228 Passenger Vehicles Codes 499 Models Unknown (light truck) Includes -- Model Years 1948-2017, 9999 Body Types 14,15,19 Model Years 1990-2017, 9999 Body Types 04 1990-2017, 9999 1992-2000, 9999 1993-2017, 9999 2001-16,9999 2002-10,9999 2010-12,9999 2011-17,9999 2012-16,9999 2015-17,9999 1990-2017, 9999 1990-2017, 9999 04 Model Years 1999-03,9999 2003-09,9999 2004-17,9999 Body Types 14 14 14 2010-17, 9999 2015-17,9999 1996-2017, 9999 1996-2017, 9999 14 14 15 Model Years 1990-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 MAKE: Lexus (59) (LEXS) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 ES-250/300/300h/330/ 350 032 LS-400/430/460/L/600h/L Includes Black Diamond Edition, Premium Plus, Ultra Luxury, Hybrid LS-F Sport, Hybrid 033 SC-400/300 2-Door Coupe 034 Hybrid, F Sport 035 036 037 038 039 040 398 GS-300/350/400/430/ 450h/460 IS-250/300/350/500/200t SC-430 HS 250h CT 200h LFA RC Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 RX300/350 402 GX470 403 RX330/350/400h/450h SportCross, Sport, F, C Special Edition, Pebble Beach Premium F Sport Standard, Special 300, 350, 350h, F Sport -- 404 405 421 GX460 NX LX450/470/570 Includes 2WD, 4WD Sport, Premium Hybrid, Thundercloud, Mark Levinson Package, F Sport Sport, Premium, Luxury 200t, 300h, F Sport, Hybrid -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (LEXUS) Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 02 04 01,04,05,09 01 04 05 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,04,05,09 01,02,04,05, 08,09 14,15,19 229 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Lincoln (13) (LINC) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Continental (thru ‘81)/ Town Car 002 Mark 005 Continental (‘82 on) 011 012 Versailles LS 013 Zephyr/MKZ 014 MKX 015 016 MKS MKT 017 Continental 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Aviator 402 MKC Includes Continental, (thru ‘81), Signature/Designer Series, Town Car (‘81 on, body 04 only), Cartier, Executive, L, Premium, Ballistic Protection Edition, Ultimate, Designer Series, Limited I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII LSC, Signature/Designer Series Signature/Designer Series, Luxury -Convenience, Premium, Sport, Luxury, Ultimate FWD, AWD, Hybrid (Premier 400A, Select 500A, Reserve 600A), 2.0L, 3.7L, EcoBoost, Premiere (100A), Select (200A), Reserve (300A), Black Label (Vineyard, Chalet, Thoroughbred) FWD, AWD, Black Label (Modern Heritage, Indulgence, Thoroughbred, The Muse) EcoBoost, 3.7L FWD/AWD EcoBoost, TownCar, 3.5L, 3.7L Black Label Edition (Rhapsody, Chalet, Thoroughbred) Cosmopolitan, Capri, Premiere -- Model Years 1940-2011, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,08,09, 11,12 1956-98,9999 01,02,04,08,09 1982-2002, 9999 1977-80,9999 2000-06,9999 02,04,08,09, 12 2006-17,9999 04 2007-16,9999 06 2008-16,9999 2010-17,9999 04 06,09, 11,12 2017 04 1940-2017, 9999 1940-2017, 9999 01-09, 10-12 Includes Premium, Luxury, Ultimate, Kitty Hawk Edition FWD, AWD, Black Label (Modern Heritage, Center Stage, Indulgence) Model Years 2003-06,9999 Body Types 14 2015-17,9999 14 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 04 04 01-09, 10-12 230 Passenger Vehicles Codes 421 Models Navigator 481 482 498 Blackwood Mark LT Other (light truck) Includes 2WD, 4WD, Premium, Luxury, Ultimate, L, 5.4L -2WD, 4WD -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (LINCOLN) Includes -- Model Years 1997-2017, 9999 2002 2006-08,9999 1997-2017, 9999 1997-2017, 9999 Body Types 15 Model Years 1990-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 31 31 14,15, 31 14,15, 49 MAKE: Mazda (41) (MAZD) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 RX2 032 RX3 033 RX4 034 RX7 035 323/GLC/Protégé/ Protégé 5 036 Cosmo 037 626 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 808 Mizer R-100 616/618 1800 929 MX-6 Miata/MX-5 046 047 048 049 MX-3 Millenia MP3 RX-8 050 Mazda6 Includes ---S, GS, GSL, SE DX, Protégé (1990-on), DX, LX, ES, Mazdaspeed -GT, GS, GSL, SE, DX, LX, ES ------Turbo, LS, M-Edition Miata (LS), SE, SV, Mazdaspeed, Sport, Touring, Grand Touring, Club, Special, Special Edition, PRHT, RF GS L, S, P, Millennium Edition Limited Edition Sport AT, Shinka, Touring, Grand Touring, R3, Plus Grand Touring, Sport, Mazdaspeed6, Grand Sport, SV, Plus, Touring 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1970-74,9999 1970-78,9999 1974-78,9999 1979-96,9999 1977-2003, 9999 1976-78,9999 1979-2002, 9999 1972-77,9999 1976 1950-72,9999 1968-72,9999 1968-72,9999 1988-95,9999 1988-97,9999 1990-97; 19992017, 9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 01-03,09 03-07,09 1992-95,9999 1995-02,9999 2001 2003-14,9999 02 04 04 04 2003-17,9999 04-06,09 02 02,04,05,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 02 02,04,08,09 04,06,09 04 02 01 231 Passenger Vehicles Codes 051 Models Mazda3 052 Mazda5 053 CX-7 054 055 056 398 CX-9 (2007-12 only. For 2013 on see model 421.) Mazda2 CX-3 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Navajo 402 Tribute 403 421 441 CX-5 CX-9 (2013 on. See model 054 for 2007-12 model years.) MPV 471 Pickup/ B-Series Pickup 498 Other (light truck) 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (MAZDA) Includes i, (Sport, Touring, Grand Touring, SV) s (Touring, Grand Touring), SP23, Value, Mazdaspeed3, Sport, Touring, Grand Touring i, s, Sport, Touring, Grand Touring, SV Sport, Touring, Grand Touring Sport, Touring Sport, Touring, Grand Touring 1200, 616 -- Includes -DX, DX-V6, LX-V6, ES-V6, ES, LX, i, s, Hybrid, Sport, Grand Touring, Touring Sport, Touring, Grand Touring Sport, Touring, Grand Touring Model Years 2004-16,9999 Body Types 04-06,09 2006-10, 201215, 9999 2007-12,9999 06 2007-12,9999 06 2011-15,9999 2016-17, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 05 05 02,03,09 Model Years 1991-94,9999 2001-12,9999 Body Types 14 14 2013-16,9999 2013-16,9999 14 15 LX, ES, DX, All Sport, LX-SV 05 01-09 1989-98; 200006, 9999 B2000, B2200, B2300, SE-5, LX, 1972-2009, SE (2WD, 4WD), SX, DS, Cab 9999 Plus, B2500/B2600/ B3000/B4000, Dual Sport Cab -1965-2016, 9999 -1965-2016, 9999 20 Includes -- Body Types 49 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1950-2017, 9999 30,32, 40, 42 14,15, 20, 30,32, 40, 42 14,15, 20, 30,32, 39 ,40, 42, 48,49 232 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Mercedes Benz (42) (MERZ) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 200/220/230/240/ 250/260/280/300/ 320/420 032 033 037 230/280 SL 300/350/380/450/500/ 560 SL 350/380/420/450/560 SLC 280/300 SEL 300/380/420/450/500/ 560/SEL & 500/560, 600 SEC & 300/350 SDL 300/380/450 SE 038 039 040 041 042 600, 6.9 Sedan 190 300 400/500E C Class (94 on) 043 S Class (95 on) 044 SL Class (95 on) 045 SLK 046 CL Class 047 CLK 034 035 036 Includes Sedan and 5-passenger “C” only; SE, CD, D, SD, TD, TE, CE, E; DOES NOT include 280 SE (1975 on) or 300 SDsee code 037; C-Class up to 1993, E-Class up to 1997 2-seater only 2-seater only; 300/500 SL (1990 on) -- Model Years 1950-97,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 12 1964-71,9999 1972-94,9999 01,02,09 01,02,09 1973-94,9999 02 --- 1967-72,9999 1973-94,9999 02,04,08 02,04,06,08,09 280 S, 280 SE (1975 on), 300 SD Sedan/350 SD Pullman D, E, 2.3, 2.5 CE Cabriolet -C220/C230 (Kompressor)/ C240/250/280/300/320/35 0/ 400 (W)/C32/ 36/43/55/63/63S AMG, Sport, Luxury, 450 (AMG) S320/350/400(V)/420/430/ 450/500/550(V/e)/600(V), 55/ 63/65 (AMG), Hybrid, 4M, S600 (Maybach) SL320/400/500/550(R)/ 600(R), Silver Arrow Edition, SL55/63/65 AMG SLK230/250/280/300/320/ 350 (Sport), Kompressor, SLK 32/55 (AMG), Special Edition CL500/550/600, CL55/63/ 65 AMG CLK 320/350/430/500/550, Cabriolet, CLK 55/63/65 AMG 1968-94,9999 01,02,04,08,09 1978-87,9999 1984-93,9999 1993-94,9999 1992-94,9999 1994-2016, 9999 04, 12 04,06,09 01 01,02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,09 1995-2016, 9999 02,04,08,09 1995-2016, 9999 01,02,09 1998-2016, 9999 01 1998-2014, 9999 1998-2009, 9999 02 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 01,02,09 233 Passenger Vehicles Codes 048 Models E Class (‘97 on) 049 050 051 SLR R Class CLS Class 052 053 054 055 056 398 SLS Class B Class CLA Class GLA Class AMG GT S Other (automobile) Includes 250/300/TD, 320/350 (4-M, A, C, S, W)/400/420/430/ 500/550 (4-M, A, C, W), 55/63/63S AMG, 320CDI, Hybrid McLaren, 722 Edition R320/350/500, R63 AMG CLS400/500/550, CLS55/63/ 63S AMG AMG (C/GT) Final Edition -250, 45 (AMG) 250, 45 (AMG) 450 -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 M/ML Class 402 403 404 G Class GLK Class GLE Class 405 421 GLC Class GL Class 461 Sprinter 462 470 Metris Van derivative Includes ML250/320/350/400/430/ 450/500/550, 55/63 AMG Special Edition, Hybrid, 4-M G500/550, G55/63 (AMG) 220/250/280/320/350 300d, 350, 63 AMG, Coupe (450/63S) 300 GL320/350/450/550, GL63 (AMG) (for 2004-2010 see “Freightliner” and “Dodge”) Cargo, Passenger Kurbstar 498 Other (light truck) -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1996-2016, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06,09 2005-10,9999 2006-12,9999 2006-16,9999 01,02,09 06 04 2011-15,9999 2014-16,9999 2014-16,9999 2015-16,9999 2016 1946-2016, 9999 1946-2016, 9999 01,02,09 05 04 05 02 01-09, 10-12 Model Years 1998-2015, 9999 Body Types 14 2002-16,9999 2010-15,9999 2016 14 14 14 2016 2007-16,9999 14 15 2002-03, 201016, 9999 2016 1982-2016, 9999 1946-2016, 9999 21,22,28,29 1946-2016, 9999 01-09, 10-12 20 28,29 14-16,19, 21,22, 31,32, 40,41, 42, 45,48 14-16,19, 21,22, 28,29, 31,32, 40,41, 42, 45,48,49 234 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy VanBased Vehicle 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes Sprinter Body Types 55, 61-64 --- Model Years 2002-03, 201016, 9999 1965-91,9999 1965-91,9999 -- 1965-91,9999 60-64,78 -- 1965-91,9999 60-64,78 -- 1965-91,9999 60-64,78 -- 1965-91,9999 60-64,78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional -1965-91,9999 (Engine out front) 988 Other (bus) -1965-91,9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-91,9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (MERCEDES BENZ) Includes --- Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 1950-2016, 9999 60-64,78 60-64,78 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 91-93,97 Body Types 49, 79, 99 49, 79, 99 MAKE: Mercury (14) (MERC) (Merkur: See “56”) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 002 Cyclone 003 Capri-domestic (for 1967 see 008) 004 Cougar (For 1967-1997. See 038 for 1999-2002) /XR7 (1967-1997) Includes GT, CJ, Spoiler RS, Turbo, GS, Black Magic, 5.0 Villager, Brougham, RS, LS, GS, Eliminator, XR-7 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1964-70,9999 1979-86; 198994,9999 1967-97,9999 Body Types 01,02,09 01,03,09 01,02,04,06,08,09 235 Passenger Vehicles Codes 006 Models Marquis/Monterey (car version; for van version 2004 on see code 444) /Grand Marquis 008 Comet 009 010 011 012 013 015 Bobcat Montego (prior to 1976; for 2005 on see code 020) Monarch Zephyr Lynx/LN7 Topaz 017 Sable 020 021 Montego (2005 on) Milan 031 033 036 037 Capri-foreign Pantera-foreign Tracer Mystique Includes Marauder (prior to 2003, 2003 on see code 039), Montclair, X-100, 5-55, Parklane, S-55, Custom, Brougham Grand Marquis (GS, LS), Medalist, Turnpike, Colony Park, GS, LS, LSE, Limited Edition, Palm Beach Edition Caliente, Capri (1967), GT, Voyager, 202, 404, Villager Wagon Runabout, Villager Wagon GT, MX, Villager, Brougham, Comet (1968-1970) Ghia GS, Z-7 L, LS, GS, RS, XR-3 L, LS, GS, 4x4, XR5, LTS, Sport LS, GS (Premium), GS Plus, Platinum Edition, Premier, Base Luxury, Premier I-4, V6 (Base/Premier), Hybrid Capri II, 2+2 deTomaso L, GL, LTS, GS, LS GS, LS 038 Cougar (1999-2002) V-6, I-4, S, Sport, CR, XR 039 398 Marauder Other (automobile) M75, 300A -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Mountaineer 402 Mariner Includes Convenience, Luxury, Premier (4.0/4.6L) Convenience, Luxury, Premier, Hybrid 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1952-2011, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06,08,09 1960-79,9999 01,02,04,06,08,09 1975-80,9999 1968-76,9999 03,06,09 01,02,04,06,08,09 1975-80,9999 1978-83,9999 1981-87,9999 1984-94,9999 02,04,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 03,05-07,09 02,04,08,09 1986-2005, 2008-09,9999 04,06,09 2005-07,9999 2006-11,9999 04 04 1970-77,9999 1972-74,9999 1988-99,9999 1995-2000, 9999 1999-2002, 9999 2003-04,9999 1962-2011, 9999 1952-2011, 9999 03 01-09, 10 03-06,09 04 Model Years 1996-2010, 9999 2005-11,9999 Body Types 14 02,03,09 04 01-09, 10 01-09, 10 14 236 Passenger Vehicles Codes 443 Models Villager 444 498 Monterey (van version; for car version prior to 2004 see code 006) Other (light truck) 499 Unknown (light truck) Includes LS, GS, Nautica, Estate, Sport, Sport Plus, Popular Convenience, Luxury, Premier Model Years 1993-2002, 9999 2004-07,9999 Body Types 20 -- 1993-2011, 9999 1993-2011, 9999 14, 20 Model Years 1950-2011, 9999 Body Types 49 -- UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (MERCURY) Includes -- 20 49 MAKE: Merkur (56) (MERK) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 XR4Ti 032 Scorpio 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes Turbo Turbo --- Model Years 1985-89,9999 1988-90,9999 1985-90,9999 1985-90,9999 Body Types 03 05 03-05,07,09 03-05,07,09 Model Years 1962-80,9999 Body Types 01 1955-80,9999 1967-74,9999 1945-62,9999 01,02,09 02,03,09 01,02,09 1945-62,9999 1968-69,9999 1945-66,9999 01,02,09 01,02,09 02,04,08,09 1945-80,9999 1945-80,9999 01-04,08,09 01-04,08,09 MAKE: MG (43) (MG) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Midget 032 033 034 MGB MGB MGA 035 036 037 TA/TC/TD/TF MGC Magnette/Sports Sedans 398 399 Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) Includes GAN I/II/III/4/5, MK I, MK II, MKIII MK I/II/IV, 600 Limited, V-8 GT, MK III 1500, 1600, YT, TC, TD/II, MK I/II, A Y-Type, 430, TDC GT ZB, ZA/YA/YB, MK III, MK IV, 1100, 1300 --- MAKE: Mitsubishi (52) (MITS) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Starion 032 Tredia 033 Cordia Includes 2+2, LE, Turbo, ESI L, LS, Turbo L, Turbo 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1982-89,9999 1982-88,9999 1982-88,9999 Body Types 03 04 03 237 Passenger Vehicles Codes 034 Models Galant 035 036 037 Mirage (For 1985-2002. For 2014 on use model 048.) Precis Eclipse 038 039 040 Sigma 3000 GT Diamante 041 045 046 iMEV Expo Wagon Lancer/Lancer Sportback/Lancer Evolution 047 Outlander 048 398 Mirage (2014 on. For 1985-2002 use 52-035.) Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Montero/Montero Sport Includes ECS, Sigma (through ‘88), ES, LS, DE, GTS-V6, I-4, Special Edition, Ralliart, Sport Edition, SE, FE L, Turbo, GS, LS, DS, DE, ES Model Years 1985-2012, 9999 Body Types 04 1985-2002, 9999 02-04, 08, 09 -GS, DOHL, Turbo, GS-T, GSX, Spyder, RS, GT, GTS, Remix Edition, SE, Sport. Special Edition (Prior ‘89 see 034) SL, VR-4, Spyder LS, ES, LE, VR-X 1987-94,9999 1990-2012, 9999 03,05,07,09 01-03, 09 1989-90,9999 1991-99,9999 1992-2004, 9999 2012-17,9999 1992-95,9999 2002-17,9999 04 01-03, 09 04, 06, 09 2003-16,9999 06 2014-17,9999 04,05,09 500, 1000, Debonair, Galant (1969) -- 1960-2017, 9999 1960-2017, 9999 01-09 Model Years 1983-2006, 9999 2004-12,9999 1987-90,9999 1983-96,9999 2006-10,9999 1983-2012, 9999 1983-2012, 9999 ES, SE LRV, Sport ES, LS, O-Z, Rally, Evolution VII/VIII/IX/X, Sport, Ralliart LS, MR Edition, DE, GSR, GTS, Touring, SE, GT, SEL ES, LS, SE, XLS, Limited, GT, Sport, SE-S, GT-S DE, ES, SE, GT, G4 (ES, SE) 402 441 471 472 498 Endeavor Mini-Van Pickup Raider Other (light truck) Includes Sport, LS, SR, XLS, ES, LTD, 20th Anniversary Edition, SE LS, SE, XLS, Limited LS Mighty Max, SPX, 4x4 LS, Durocross, XLS -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 05 06 04-06, 09 01-09 Body Types 14 14 20 30,32, 40, 42 31 14, 20, 30-32, 40, 42 14, 20, 30-32, 40, 42, 48,49 238 Passenger Vehicles MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 898 BUSES Codes 981 Includes FUSO FE/FG/FH/FK/FM Model Years 1983-2016, 9999 Body Types 60-64,66,71,72,78 Other (medium/heavy truck) -- 1983-2016, 9999 60-64,66,71,72,78 Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Bus: Front engine, Flat Front Bus: Rear engine, Flat front Other (bus) Includes -- Model Years 1981-2004, 9999 982 -1981-2004, 9999 983 -1981-2004, 9999 988 -1981-2004, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1981-2004, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (MITSUBISHI) Includes -- Model Years 1983-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 49, 79, 99 MAKE: Nissan/Datsun (35) (NISS) - (DATS) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 F-10 032 200SX/240SX 033 210/1200/B210 034 Z-car, ZX 035 036 310 510 037 038 039 610 710 810/Maxima 040 Roadster 041 311/411 Includes -SE, SE-R, LE 110 series, Honeybee 240/260/280Z&ZX, 300 ZX, 2+2, Turbo SPL PL, WPL PL, HL PL SE (Titanium Special), GXE, GLE, 3.5SE/SL/SEL /S/SV/SR, Platinum Edition SPL311, SRL311, 1500, 1600, 2000, convertible, Fairlady 1000, Bluebird, PL311/ PL312/PL410/PL411/RL411 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1977-78,9999 1977-98,9999 1971-82,9999 1970-96,9999 Body Types 03,05-07,09 01-03,09 02-04,06,08,09 01-03,09 1979-82,9999 1968-73; 1978-81,9999 1973-76,9999 1974-77,9999 1977-2016, 9999 02,03,05,07,09 02-09 1950-70,9999 01 1959-67,9999 04,06,09 02-04,06,08,09 02-04,06,08,09 04,06,09 239 Passenger Vehicles Codes 042 043 Models Stanza Sentra 044 045 046 047 Pulsar Micra NX 1600/2000 Altima 048 350Z/370Z 049 Murano 050 Versa 051 Rogue 052 Cube 053 GT-R 055 398 Leaf Other (automobile) Includes XE E, XE, GXE, S, SE, SE-R (Spec V), GLE, CA, 2.5LE, 1.8, 1.8S, 2.0/S/SL/SR, Special Edition, Platinum Edition, Spec-V, FE, SV, FE+S, Nismo NX, EXA (1986 on) -T-bar coupe XE, GXE, SE, GLE, 2.5 S/SL/SR/SV, 3.5 S/SE/SL/SR/ SV, SE-R, Hybrid, SR (Base, Midnight), Platinum Enthusiast, Performance, Touring, Track, Base, 35th Anniversary, Grand Touring, Nismo, 40th Anniversary, Sport, Sport Tech, Nismo Tech, Touring Sport SE, SL, S, LE, SV, CrossCabriolet, Platinum, S Plus 1.8S/SL, 1.6 S/SV/SL, Plus, Note (S, S Plus, SV, SR, SL), S Plus, SR S, SL, SV, Krom/Special Edition, Select (S) 1.8 S/SL, Krom Edition, Indigo Edition Base, Premium, Black Edition, Track Edition, Nismo, 45th Anniversary S, SL, SV 110 sedan, K110 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Pathfinder 402 Xterra Includes MPV, 4X4, XE, LE, SE, S, OffRoad, FE+, SV, Silver Edition, Hybrid, SL (Tech, Premium), Platinum XE (I-4), SE, (S/C), SE-R, Spec V, X, S, Off-Road, Pro-4X 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1982-93,9999 1982-2016, 9999 Body Types 03-07,09 02,04,06,08,09 1983-90,9999 1987-94,9999 1991-94,9999 1993-2017, 9999 02,03,05,07,09 01-05,07-09 02,03,09 02,04, 09 2003-17,9999 01,02,09 2003-16,9999 01,06,09 2007-17,9999 04,05,09 2008-16,9999 06 2009-14,9999 06 2009-17,9999 02 2011-16,9999 1955-2016, 9999 1955-2016, 9999 05 01-09, 10 Model Years 1986-2017, 9999 Body Types 14 2000-15,9999 14 01-09, 10 240 Passenger Vehicles Codes 403 421 Models Juke Pathfinder Armada 441 442 443 Van Axxess Quest 444 Altra EV* 446 NV200/eNV200 461 471 NV Datsun/Nissan Pickup (1955-1997) Frontier (1998 on) 472 473 481 Titan (from 2004-06; see 481 for 2007 on) Titan (from 2007 on; see 473 for 2004-06) Includes S, SL, SV, Nismo, Nismo RS LE, SE, SE Off-Road, Titanium, Platinum, SV, SL XE, GXE -XE, GXE, SE, GLE, 3.5 S/SE/SL, Special Edition, SV, LE, Platinum (electric vehicle*) S, SV, Taxi, Compact Cargo, Passenger, HD Cargo 1500, 2500, 3500 120,620 series, King Cab, Hardbody, XE, SE XE, SE, S/C (Regular Cab, King Cab, Desert Runner, Crew Cab), Open-Sky, SVE, Nismo, Pro-4X, LE, SV, SL, S, Diesel Runner E, LE, SE, XE 498 Other (light truck) LE, SE, XE, PRO-4X, S, SV, SL, XD (S, SV, SL, Platinum Reserve), Platinum Patrol (1960) 499 Unknown (light truck) -- MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium/Heavy Van-Based Vehicle 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (NISSAN/DATSUN) Model Years 2011-16,9999 2004-17,9999 Body Types 14 15 1987-91,9999 1989-90,9999 1993-2002; 2004-09, 2011-16, 9999 1998-2005, 9999 2013-16,9999 20 20 20 2011-16,9999 1955-97,9999 21,22,28,29 30,32, 40, 42 1998-2016, 9999 30,32, 40, 42 2004-06,9999 31 2007-17,9999 31 1955-2017, 9999 1955-2017, 9999 14,15, 20,21,22, 3032 14,15,19, 20,29, 30,32,39, 40, 42, 48,49 20 20 Includes NV Model Years 2011-17,9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 -- 1986-2017, 9999 1986-2017, 9999 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 Model Years 1950-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 79, 99 -- Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 241 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Oldsmobile (21) (OLDS) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Cutlass (RWD-only) Includes Supreme, S, LS, Salon, Brougham Vista Cruiser, F85 (thru 1972), Rallye 350, Hurst Olds, 442, Calais (thru 1985), Classic (88) Royale, Custom, Delta, Jetstar 88, Delmont 88, Starfire (Thru 1966), Custom Cruiser, Jetfire, Eighty-Eight (LS, 50th Anniv. Edition) Luxury, Futuramic, Brougham XS, XSR, Trofeo, Brougham Custom Ambulance/Hearse 002 Delta 88/LSS 003 005 Ninety-Eight/Regency Toronado 006 Commercial Series 012 015 016 017 Starfire Omega Firenza Ciera 018 020 Calais Cutlass (FWD) 021 Achieva/Alero SX, GT, ST X-body type, Brougham S, LS, SX, Cruiser, GT Cutlass Ciera, Cutlass Cruiser, Brougham, ES (International) GT, ES, 500 Supreme (Excludes Ciera), GLS, GL SC, SL, GX, GL (1,2,4), GLS 022 Aurora 3.5L, 4.0L, Collector’s Series 023 Intrigue GL, GX, GLS 398 Other (automobile) 66/68/70/90, Dynamic 70 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Bravada 441 Silhouette 499 Unknown (light truck) Includes 2WD, 4WD, Collector’s Series GL, GLS, Series I, Series II, GS Premier Edition, Collector’s Series -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1960-88,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1949-99,9999 01-04,06,08,09 1949-99,9999 1966-92,9999 01,02,04,08,09 02 1940-2003, 9999 1975-80,9999 1973-85,9999 1982-88,9999 1982-96,9999 09, 10-12 1985-91,9999 1988-99,9999 01-03,09 02-04,08,09 03-06,07,09 01,02,04,06, 08,09 02,04,08,09 01,02,04,08,09 1992-2004, 9999 1995-99; 2001-03,9999 1997-2002, 9999 1930-2004, 9999 1930-2004, 9999 02,04,08,09 Model Years 1991-94; 1996-2004, 9999 1990-2004, 9999 Body Types 14 1932-2004, 9999 14, 20, 49 04 02,04,08,09 01-09, 10-12 01-09, 10-12 20 242 Passenger Vehicles UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (OLDSMOBILE) Includes -- Model Years 1932-2004, 9999 Body Types 49 MAKE: Peugeot (44) (PEUG) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 304 032 403 033 404 034 504/505 Includes -Station Wagon Station Wagon STI, STX, Turbo, S, STI, STX, GL, GLS Liberte, Station Wagon, DSL, DL, GLX SL, D Mi-16, DL, S 202, 203 -- Model Years 1971-72,9999 1955-67,9999 1961-70,9999 1970-91,9999 Body Types 04-06,09 01,04,06,09 01,04,06,09 04-06,09 1977-84,9999 1989-91,9999 1945-91,9999 1945-91,9999 04 04,06,09 01-09 01-09 MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50 cc 702 51-124cc 709 Unknown cc Includes ---- Model Years 1965-83,9999 1965-83,9999 1965-83,9999 Body Types 81 81 81 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (PEUGEOT) Includes -- Model Years 1960-91,9999 Body Types 99 035 036 398 399 604 405 Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) MAKE: Plymouth (09) (PLYM) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Valiant/Scamp/Duster (thru 1976) 002 Satellite/Belvedere 003 Fury (Fury Gran thru ‘78) 004 005 Gran Fury (‘80 on) Barracuda 006 Volare’ 007 Caravelle Includes 100, 200, Brougham, Signet, Custom, Special, 340, 360, Twister Belvedere I/II, GTX, Roadrunner (through 1974), Brougham, Sebring, Sebring Plus, Superbird I, II, III, Roadrunner (1975), Suburban, Salon, VIP, Sport Sedan, Coupe, Salon Formula, S, 340, Gran Coupe, AAR, Cuda Custom, Premier, Roadrunner (1976 on), Police Turbo, SE 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1960-76,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1951-74,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 10-12 1957-78,9999 1980-89,9999 1964-74,9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 02,04,06,08,09 01,02,09 1976-80,9999 02,04,06,08,09 1985-88,9999 04 243 Passenger Vehicles Codes 008 Models Horizon/Turismo 011 Reliant (K) 013 017 Scamp- (car-based p/u) Sundance 019 020 Acclaim Neon (2002 and on, see Dodge) Cricket Arrow Sapporo Champ/Colt import (includes 2WD Vista) Conquest Laser Breeze 031 032 033 034 035 037 038 039 398 Prowler (1997, 1999-2001 only. For 2002 on, see Chrysler) Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 421 Trailduster 441 Vista Van 442 Voyager (minivan) (2000 and on, see Chrysler) 461 Van-fullsize (B-series) Includes TC-3, Turismo 2.2, Miser, America, Custom, SE, Duster (1985 on), Expo SE, LE, Reliant America, Limited GT, 2.2 RS, Turbo, Sundance Duster, America LX, LE Sport, Competition, Highline Model Years 1978-90,9999 Body Types 03,05,07,09 1981-89,9999 02,04,06,08,09 1982-84,9999 1987-94,9999 10 03,05,07,09 1989-95,9999 1995-2001, 9999 1971-72,9999 1976-80,9999 1978-83,9999 1979-94,9999 04 02,04,08,09 1984-87,9999 1989-94,9999 1996-2000, 9999 1997; 19992001, 9999 03 02,03,09 04 Regant, Fleet, Savoy, Concord, Cambridge -- 1930-95,9999 01-09, 10-12 1965-2001, 9999 01-09, 10-12 Model Years 1974-93,9999 1987-94,9999 1984-2001, 9999 1965-95,9999 Body Types 15 20 20 1975-91,9999 1965-2001, 9999 1974-2001, 9999 30,32 15, 20,21,28,29, 30,32, 42, 45,48 15, 20,21,29, 30, 32, 48,49 Model Years 1965-2001, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 -GS, GT, Fire Arrow all imported Turbo, Custom, GL, SE, DL, E Station wagon (1984 on) TSI RS, Turbo -Roadster, Black Tie Edition 471 498 Arrow pickup (foreign) Other (light truck) Includes -4X4 (only) SE, LX, Grand Voyager, SE Expresso, EPIC-electric* Voyager (thru 1983), Sport, Premier --- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 04,06,09 03 02,03,09 02-09 01 21 244 Passenger Vehicles Codes 999 Models Unknown (PLYMOUTH) Includes -- Model Years 1957-2001, 9999 Body Types 49 Includes Safari, T-37, Luxury, Grand Sport, GTO (thru 1973), GT37, Sprint, Judge, Grand AM (73-75), Grand Lemans Brougham, Grand Safari, Safari, Grandville, 2+2, Executive, Starchief, SE, SSE, SSEi, G, SLE, GXP 2M4, 2M6, GT, SE II, SJ, Sprint, GTO (74-77), Custom, Base, LS2 Esprit, Formula, GTA, Redbird, Yellowbird, Skybird, SE, Bandit, TransAm J, LJ, SJ, Brougham, 2+2, GT, STE, SE Safari, SJ, Custom Safari, Sport, Formula Model Years 1961-81,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1954-2005, 9999 01,02,04,06, 08,09 1984-89,9999 1971-77; 2004-06,9999 1967-2002, 9999 02 02-04,09 1962-87,9999 01,02,09 1975-77,9999 1976-80,9999 02,03,06,09 01-09 2T LJ, SJ LE, SE, GT, 2000 Convertible, 2J, S, SE, GT, 1SA, 1SB, 1SC, 1SV STE, SE, LE SE, LE, GT, GT1, SE1, SE2, SC/T Package Base, GT LE, SE, STE, GT, McLaren Turbo, GTP, Limited Edition, 40th Anniversary Edition, GXP Base, GT, GTP, Value Leader, GXP GXP GT, GXP -LE, SE, Tempest Canadian GT, AWD, HB 1981-87,9999 1977-84,9999 1982-2005, 9999 03,05,07,09 02-05,07-09 01-09 1982-91,9999 1973-2005, 9999 2007-10,9999 1988-2008, 9999 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,08,09 2005-10,9999 01,02,04,09 2006-10,9999 2008-10,9999 2009-10,9999 1988-93,9999 2003-10,9999 01,02, 09 04 04,05,09 01-09 06 MAKE: Pontiac (22) (PONT) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Lemans (See model 031 for 1988 on)/Tempest (thru 1970) 002 Bonneville/Catalina/ Parisienne 005 008 Fiero Ventura/GTO 009 Firebird/Trans AM 010 Grand Prix (RWD) 011 012 Astre Sunbird (thru 1980;1985 on see model 016) T-1000/1000 Phoenix Sunbird (1985-1994 only) /J-2000/Sunfire (1995 on) 013 015 016 017 018 6000 Grand AM 019 020 G5 Grand Prix (FWD) 022 G6 023 024 025 031 032 Solstice G8 G3 Lemans (1988 on) Vibe 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 01-03,09 02 01,02,04,08,09 245 Passenger Vehicles Codes 398 Models Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Aztek 403 441 Torrent Trans Sport/ Montana/SV6 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (PONTIAC) Includes Torpedo, Streamliner, Chieftain Star Chief, Super Chief -- Model Years 1946-2010, 9999 Body Types 01-09, 10 1926-2010, 9999 01-09, 10 Includes GT, SE, 1SA, 1SB, 1SC, Rally Edition GXP SE, Montana, Extended, Versatrak, 1SV, 1SA, 1SX, 1SY, 1SE, Chrome Sport, -- Model Years 2001-05,9999 Body Types 14 2006-09,9999 1990-2009, 9999 14 20 1990-2009, 9999 14, 20, 49 Includes -- Model Years 1951-2010, 9999 Body Types 49 Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 01,02,09 1966-69; 1976,9999 1970-76,9999 1977-88,9999 1978-95,9999 1979 1983-91,9999 1989-94,9999 1992-95,9999 1997-2016, 9999 01,02,09 MAKE: Porsche (45) (PORS) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 911/996 032 912 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 914 924 928 930 944 959 968 986/Boxster 041 Cayman Includes L, S, E, T, SC, Carrera (2, 4, Cabriolet, Targa), GT, Slopenose, 4S, Targa, Speedster, Turbo, B series, SCoupe, Cabriolet (S), GT2, GT3 (RS), GT, GTS 1600, E, T 1.7, 1.8, 2.0, S, 914/4/6 Turbo, S S, S4, GT, GTS Turbo Turbo, S, S2 Not Imported to U.S. -Boxster, Boxster Cabriolet, S Roadster, S Anniversary, Limited Edition, Spyder, Black Edition, GTS S, Hybrid, Black Edition, R, 2006-16,9999 GTS, GT4 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 01 01-03,09 02,03,09 02 01-03,09 01-03,09 01,02,09 01 02 246 Passenger Vehicles Codes 042 Models Panamera 043 398 918 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Macan 421 Cayenne 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (PORSCHE) Includes S, 4, 4S, Turbo, Turbo S, Hybrid, GTS, S, Platinum Edition, Executive, Edition, Exclusive Spyder, Weissach Pkg Spyder, Speedster (prior to ‘65), 356 (A, B, C) Grund, America, Super, 1500 -- Model Years 2010-16,9999 Body Types 05 2013-16,9999 1948-2016, 9999 01,02,09 01-03,05,09 1948-2016, 9999 01-03,05,09 Includes S, S Diesel, Turbo Turbo, S, Titanium, GTS (PD Edition), Transsyberia, Hybrid, Diesel -- Model Years 2014-16,9999 2003-16,9999 Body Types 14 15 2003-16,9999 14, 15 Includes -- Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 99 Includes R-5, R5TL, GTL, TL, DLX all models, R-1190, R8 -1100 Model Years 1976-83,9999 1955-71,9999 Body Types 02-05,07-09 01,02,04,08,09 R-12L, R-12TL/GTL R-15TL R-16, R-1152 R17, Gordini Coupe, R17TL R18i, Deluxe, DLX TL, TS, GTL, GTS, Turbo L, DL, Limited, X-37 1972-77,9999 1973-76,9999 1969-72,9999 1972-80,9999 1981-86,9999 1982-85,9999 1983-87,9999 04,06,09 02,03,09 06 01,02,09 04,06,09 02,03,09 01-05,07-09 1971-90,9999 02,03,09 1987 1987 1946-90,9999 04,06,09 04 01-09, 10,11 1946-90,9999 01-09, 10,11 MAKE: Renault (46) (RENA) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 LeCar 032 Dauphine/10/R-8 Caravelle 033 12 034 15 035 16 036 17 037 18i/Sportwagon 038 Fuego 039 Alliance/Encore GTA, Convertible 041 Alpine GT, GTA Coupe, Not imported to U.S. 044 Medallion ** DL, LX 045 Premier** -398 Other (automobile) Juvaquatre, 4CV, Fregate, Domaine 399 Unknown (automobile) -** Note: Medallion and Premier listed under Eagle after 1987. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 247 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Saab (47) (SAA) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 99/99E/900 032 033 034 Sonnett 95/96 9000 035 9-3/9-3x 036 9-5 037 038 398 9-2x 9-4x Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 9-7x UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (SAAB) Includes S, GL, GLE, L, LE, 2CM, 4CM Turbo, Cabriolet, 2EM, 4EM, CM, SE II, III, 97 V-4, M, S, M-S, Special S, Turbo, CS, CD, CDE, E, AERO, CSE SE (Hot), Viggen, Linear Arc, Vector, Aero, 2.0T, SportCombi, Combi, Estate SE, Aero, 2.3T, Set, Arc, Linear, Aero, SportCombi, 2.5T, Turbo X, Vector Linear, Aero -Monte Carlo 850, GT850, GT750, 92/93 -- Model Years 1969-98,9999 Body Types 01-05,07-09 1967-74,9999 1959-73,9999 1985-98,9999 02 02,06,09 04,05,09 1999-2012, 9999 01,03-07,09 1999-2012, 9999 02,04,06,08,09 2005-06,9999 2009-12,9999 1950-2012, 9999 1950-2012, 9999 05 06 01-09 Includes Arc, Linear, 4.2i, 5.3i, Altitude Edition, Aero Model Years 2005-11,9999 Body Types 14 Includes -- Model Years 1950-2012, 9999 Body Types 49 Model Years 1991-2002, 9999 1991-2002, 9999 1993-2001, 9999 1997-2003, 9999 2000-05,9999 Body Types 04 02, 09, 17 06 02 04 2000-04,9999 06 2003-07,9999 2007-10,9999 04, 09, 17 01 01-09 MAKE: Saturn (24) (STRN) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 SL 002 SC 003 SW 004 EV1/EGV1* 005 LS 006 LW 007 008 Ion Sky Includes SL, SL1, SL2 SC1, SC2 SW1, SW2 Electric Vehicle (Gen II) LS, LS1, LS2, L100/L200/ L300, L300-1/2/3 LW1, LW2, LW200/ LW300-1/2/3 Quad-coupe, I3, Red Line Red Line 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 248 Passenger Vehicles Codes 009 010 011 398 399 Models Aura Outlook Astra Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Vue 441 499 Relay Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (SATURN) Includes XE, XR, Hybrid XE, XR XE, XR, Sport --- Model Years 2007-10,9999 2007-10,9999 2008-10,9999 1991-2010, 9999 1991-2010, 9999 Body Types 04 06 03,05,09 02-06,08,09, 17 02-06,08,09, 17 Includes Red Line, 4, V6, Green Line, XE, XR-4, XR-V6 2, 3 -- Model Years 2002-10,9999 Body Types 14 2005-07,9999 2002-10,9999 20 14, 20 Includes -- Model Years 1991-2010, 9999 Body Types 49 MAKE: Scion (67) (SCIO) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 xB (2012 on. See Toyota for 2004-2011) 032 tC (2012 on. See Toyota for 2005-2011) 033 034 035 036 037 398 399 xD (2012 on. See Toyota for 2007-2011) iQ (2012 on. See Toyota for 2010-2011) FR-S iA iM Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) Includes 1.0, 2.0 Series, Limited Edition, 10th Anniversary 1.0 Series, Limited Edition, 8.0 Series, 10th Anniversary Limited Edition, 10th Anniversary 10th Anniversary Model Years 2012-15,9999 Body Types 06 2012-16,9999 03 2012-14,9999 05 2012-14,9999 03 10th Anniversary ----- 2013-16,9999 2016 2016 2012-16,9999 2012-16,9999 02 04 05 02,03,05,06,09 02,03,05,06,09 MAKE: Smart (65) (SMRT) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Fortwo 398 399 Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) Includes Pure, Prime Passion, Proxy, Electric --- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 2008-16,9999 Body Types 01,02,09 2008-16,9999 2008-16,9999 01,02,09 01,02,09 249 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Sterling (61) (STLG) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 827 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes Li, SL, S, SLI 825, S, SL, Oxford Edition -- Model Years 1987-91,9999 1987-91,9999 1987-91,9999 Body Types 04,05,09 04,05,09 04,05,09 MAKE: Subaru (48) (SUBA) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Loyale (1990 on)/DL/ FE/G/GF/GL/GLF/ STD 032 033 034 Star 360 Legacy/Outback (prior to 2003 only; see 045 for 2003 on) 035 XT/XT6 036 037 038 Justy SVX Impreza 039 043 044 RX Brat Baja Includes 4-wheel drive, S, 1300, 1400, 1600, 1800, A15L, A44L, Touring Wagon, Turbo FF -1 Star, 1100 -L, LS, LSI, 4WD, Outback (Limited, Ltd, Sport, VDC, L.L. Bean Edition), GT, Brighton, Sport Utility Sedan (Ltd.), 30th Anniv. Outback, H-6, 35th Anniv., 2.5, 2.5i/GT, spec. B, 3.0R, Limited, Premium, Sport, 3.6R (Base, Limited) 4WD Turbo, convertible, DL, GL DL, GL, 4WD LS, LSL, XR, Lsi L, LS, Brighton, Outback Sport, RS, L-Sport, LX, 2.5i/RS/S/TS/ GT, WRX, WRX Sport/STI/SS/ TR, Limited Edition, Premium, SE, STI, STI-S, 2.0i (Premium, Limited, Sport, Sport Limited) -DL, GL Sport, Turbo 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1972-94,9999 Body Types 02-09 1971 1958-70,9999 1990-2017, 9999 02,04,06,08,09 02 04-06,09 1985-91,9999 01,02,09 1987-94,9999 1992-97,9999 1993-2017, 9999 03,05,07,09 02 02,04-06,08,09 1986-89,9999 1978-87,9999 2003-07,9999 03,04,09 10 10 250 Passenger Vehicles Codes 045 046 047 398 399 Models Includes Outback (2003 on; see 034 H6-VDC, 35th Anniversary for prior to 2003) Edition, 2.5, 2.5i (Premium, Limited), 2.5XT, 3.0R, Special Edition, VDC Limited, Sport, L.L. Bean Edition, 3.0R. Premium, 3.6R (Limited) BRZ Premium, Limited WRX (2015 on; see 038 for Premium, Limited, STi, STi prior to 2015) Limited Other (automobile) -Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Forester 402 B9 Tribeca 403 XV Crosstrek 499 Unknown (light truck) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (SUBARU) Model Years 2003-16,9999 Body Types 04-06,09 2013-17,9999 2015-17,9999 03 04 1968-2017, 9999 1968-2017, 9999 01-09, 10 01-09, 10 Includes L, S, 2.5i, 2.0XT, 2.5X, 2.5XS, 2.5XT, L.L. Bean Edition, Limited (Plus), Sport, Premium, Touring Base, Limited, Special Edition, Premium, Touring, 3.6R 2.0i Premium/Limited, Hybrid (Premium, Touring) -- Model Years 1997-2017, 9999 Body Types 14 2006-14,9999 14 2013-16,9999 14 1997-2017, 9999 14 Includes -- Model Years 1958-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 MAKE: Suzuki (53) (SUZI) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Swift/SA310 032 033 Esteem Aerio 034 Forenza 035 036 Verona Reno Includes Gti, GTX, GLX, GA, GT, GL GL, GLX, GLX+ S, G, LX, SX (Wagon), Luxury S, LX, EX, Premium, Convenience, Popular S, LX, EX, Luxury S, LX, EX, Premium, Convenience 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1989-2001, 2010,9999 1995-2002, 9999 2002-07,9999 Body Types 03-05,07,09 2004-08,9999 04,06,09 2004-06,9999 2005-08,9999 04 05 04,06,09 04,06,09 251 Passenger Vehicles Codes 040 Models SX4/SX4 Crossover 041 398 399 Kizashi Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 Samurai 402 Sidekick/Vitara/ Vitara V6 403 404 X-90 Grand Vitara (2003 on; see model 402 for models prior to 2003) 405 XL-7 (2003 on; see 402 for 2002 model year) 481 Equator 498 499 Other (light truck) Unknown (light truck) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 706 709 450-749cc 750cc-over Unknown cc Includes Base, Sport, Convenience, Touring, L, S, SD, SE, GTS, LE, SportBack, JX, Premium, Tech Value Package GTS, S, SE, SLS, Sport 800 Fronte, Alto -- Model Years 2007-13,9999 Body Types 04,05,09 2010-13,9999 1981-2013, 9999 1981-2013, 9999 04 03-07,09 03-07,09 Includes Standard, Deluxe, JL JS, JX, JLX, JLS, Sport, Grand Vitara (1999-2002 only; see model 404 for 2003 on) (JS, JLX, JLS, Ltd.) XL-7 (2002 only; see model 405 for 2003 on) LX -JS, JLX, JLS, Limited, GX, LX, XV6, Premium, Xsport, Luxury, Special Edition, Ultra Adventure Edition Standard, Touring, Limited, GX, LX, Premium, Luxury Comfort, Premium, Sport, RMZ-4 Jimmy -- Model Years 1986-96,9999 1989-2004, 9999 Body Types 14 14 1996-98,9999 2003-13,9999 14 14 2003-09,9999 14 2009-13,9999 31 1981-2013, 9999 1981-2013, 9999 14, 31 14, 31 Includes ----- Model Years 1970-2013, 9999 1970-2017, 9999 1969-2017, 9999 1970-93; 200017,9999 1969-2017, 9999 1970-2017, 9999 1969-2017, 9999 Body Types 80,81,83,88,89 80,81,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 ---- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80-83,88,89 252 Passenger Vehicles ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 731 0-50cc Includes Model Years Body Types includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs 1969-87; 200290, 97* designed solely for off-road 04, 2009-17, use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 9999 732 51-124cc includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs 1969-2004, 2009- 90, 97* designed solely for off-road 17, 9999 use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 733 125-349cc includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs 1969-2017, 9999 90, 97* designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 734 350cc or greater includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs 1969-93; 199890, 97* designed solely for off-road 2017, 9999 use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 739 Unknown cc includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs 1969-2017, 9999 90, 97* designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. *Refer to Body Type attribute 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for remarks regarding side-by-side ATVs UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (SUZUKI) Includes -- Model Years 1969-2017, 9999 Body Types 49, 99 MAKE: Toyota (49) (TOYT) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Corona 032 Corolla 033 Celica 034 035 036 037 038 Supra Cressida Crown Carina Tercel 039 040 Starlet Camry Includes Mark II, Custom, 1900, 2000, Deluxe 1100, 1200, 1600, SR-5, LE, DX, CE, Deluxe, Custom, FX, FX16, Sport, GTS, VE, S, XRS, XLE, CE, L, Special Edition, LE Eco, 50th Anniversary, XSE, iM 1900, 2000, GT, ST, GTS, VE, GT-S Celica Supra, Soarer, Turbo -2300, 2600, Toyopets 2000 Corolla Tercel, 4WD, EZ, DX, LE, DLX, CE -LE, Deluxe, XLE, DLX, SE, AllTrac, CE, SE, Limited Edition, L, Hybrid (CVT/LE/XLE/SE), XSE, Special Edition 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1966-83,9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 1969-2017, 9999 02-09 1971-2006, 9999 01-03,09 1979-98,9999 1978-92,9999 1958-71,9999 1972-73,9999 1980-99,9999 03 04-06,09 02,04,06,08,09 02 02-09 1981-84,9999 1983-2017, 9999 03 02,04-06,08,09 253 Passenger Vehicles Codes 041 Models MR-2/MR Spyder Includes Super Charged 042 043 Paseo Avalon 044 045 046 Solara ECHO Prius * 047 048 049 Matrix Scion xA Scion xB (2004-2011 only. See 67-031 for 2012 on.) Scion tC (2005-2011 only. See 67-032 for 2012 on.) Yaris Turbo, T-bar XL, XLS, Limited, Touring, XLE, Hybrid, Premium, Sport Camry Solara (SE, SLE, Sport) -*Electric hybrid, Touring, II, III, IV, V (2/3/4/5), (CVT), 3rd Generation (2/3/4/5), Plug-In (Base/Advanced), c (1/2/3/4), Persona Series Base, XR, XRS, STD, S, SD, L RS 1.0 1.0, 2.0 Series 050 051 052 055 398 Scion xD (2007-2011 only. See 67-033 for 2012 on.) Venza Scion iQ (2010-2011 only. See 67-034 for 2012 on.) Mirai Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) 053 054 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 4-Runner 402 RAV4* 403 Highlander 404 421 422 FJ Cruiser Land Cruiser Sequoia Model Years 1984-95; 200007,9999 1992-97,9999 1995-2016, 9999 Body Types 01,02,09 1999-2009, 9999 2000-05,9999 2001-17,9999 01,02,09 02,04,09 03-06,09 2003-13,9999 2004-06,9999 2004-11,9999 06 05 06 1.0 Series 2005-11,9999 03 Liftback, S, CE, HB, LB, LE, RS, SE, L, iA -- 2007-17,9999 03-05, 09 2007-11,9999 05 LE, XLE, Limited -- 2009-15,9999 2010-11,9999 05 04 -2000 GT Coupe (1960s), Sports 800, Vipor, Tiara -- 2016-17, 9999 1960-2017, 9999 04 01-09, 10 1960-2017, 9999 01-09, 10 Includes SR5, Limited, Sport, Trail, TRD Pro L, LE, EVs-electric*, Sport, Limited, Hybrid, XLE Limited, Hybrid, Sport, SE, Plus, LE, LE Plus, XLE, Platinum Baja 1000, FJ, SE, TRD, AT, MT 4WD SR5, Limited, Platinum Model Years 1984-2016, 9999 Body Types 14 1996-2016, 9999 14 2001-17,9999 14 2007-14,9999 1964-2017, 9999 2001-16,9999 14 15 15 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 01,02,09 04 254 Passenger Vehicles Codes 441 442 Models Minivan (1984-90)/ Previa (1991 on) Sienna 471 Pickup 472 Tacoma 481 482 T-100 Tundra 498 Other (light truck) CE, LE, XLE, Symphony, Limited, SE, L SR-5, Extra Cab, Sport, LN44, Chinook, Wonder Wagon SR5, Xtracab, Limited, PreRunner, Side Step, Double Cab, S-Runner, 2.7L, 4.0L XRunner, T/X, T/X Pro, Access Cab, TRD (Sport, Pro, OffRoad), SR DX, SR5, Limited, Xtracab SR5 (Access Cab), LTD, (Access Cab), Double Cab, Darrell Waltrip Special Edition, CrewMax, 4.0L, 4.6L, 5.7L, Limited, SR, 1794 Edition, Platinum, TRD Pro -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- 1973-2017, 9999 14,15,19, 20, 3032,39, 40, 42, 48,49 Includes -- Model Years 1966-2017, 9999 Body Types 49 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (TOYOTA) Includes LE, Cargo, DX, XLE Model Years 1984-97,9999 Body Types 20 1998-2017, 9999 20 1974-95,9999 30-32, 40, 42 1995-2017, 9999 30,32, 40, 42 1993-98,9999 1999-2017, 9999 31,32, 40, 42 31,32, 40, 42 1970-2017, 9999 14,15,19, 20,29, 30,31,32,39 MAKE: Triumph (50) (TRIU) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Spitfire 032 GT-6 033 TR4 034 TR6 035 TR7/TR8 036 Herald 037 Stag 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown (automobile) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc Includes I, II, III, IV, 1500 MK3 TR2, TR3, TR4A --Vitesse -1800, 2000, Mayflower, Renown,1200 -- Model Years 1962-81,9999 1967-73,9999 1958-68,9999 1969-76,9999 1975-81,9999 1960-74,9999 1971-73,9999 1946-81,9999 Body Types 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,06,09 01,02,09 01,02,04,08,09 1946-81,9999 01,02,04,08,09 Includes -- Model Years 1965-83,9999 Body Types 80 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 255 Passenger Vehicles Codes 702 703 704 705 706 709 799 Models 51-124cc 125-349cc 350-449cc 450-749cc 750cc or greater Unknown cc Unknown (motored cycle) UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (TRIUMPH) Includes -------- Model Years 1965-83,9999 1950-74,9999 1950-71,9999 1950-2016, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 1950-2017, 9999 Body Types 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 Includes -- Model Years 1950-2016, 9999 Body Types 99 MAKE: Volkswagen (30) (VOLK) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Karmann Ghia 032 Beetle 1300/1500 033 Super Beetle 034 411/412 035 Squareback/Fastback 036 Rabbit 037 038 040 Dasher Scirocco Jetta/Jetta SportsWagen 041 Quantum Includes -Flat windshield, 94.5 WB Curved windshield 95.3 WB Squareback/Fastback Type 3, 1600 L, GTI, Sport, LS, Custom, DL, Deluxe, S -16V III, GL (TDI, 1.9L, 2.0L), GLI (2.0T, VR6), GLS (1.8T,1.8L/l.9L/ 2.0L/2.8L/ TDI/VR6), GT, Carat, TDI, GLX (VR6/ 2.8L), Turbo Diesel, 2.5L Wolfsburg Edition, S/SE/ SEL, Value Edition. 2.0T, 3.6, Autobahn, Hybrid (SE, SEL, SEL Premium), Premium, Edition 30, 1.4T, Sport Synco 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1954-75,9999 1948-77,9999 1971-80,9999 1971-74,9999 1965-74,9999 1975-84, 200609,9999 1974-81,9999 1975-88,9999 1981-2017, 9999 Body Types 01,02,09 01,02,09 01,02,09 03,04,09 02 01,03,05-07,09 1982-88,9999 02,04,06,08,09 03,05-07,09 02 02,04,06,08,09 256 Passenger Vehicles Codes 042 Models Golf/Cabriolet/Cabrio/ GTI/ GLI 043 044 045 046 Rabbit Pickup Fox Corrado Passat (CC - 2008 thru 2011; see 052 for 2012 on) 047 New Beetle 048 051 Phaeton Eos 052 398 CC (For 2012 on. See model 046 for 20082011.) Other (automobile) Includes Golf II, GTI (GLS, GLX 1.8T/2.0T/2.8L), GT, GL(1.8T/ VR6/2.0L/1.9L/ TDI), Golf III, GLS (1.8T/1.8L/1.9L/ 2.0/TDI), Wolfsburg, Cabrio (GL, GLS, GLX), 20th Anniversary, R32, MkV, Convenience, R, 2.5L, Driver's Edition, SE, SEL, Autobahn, Launch EditionSport Wagen (S, SE, SEL), eGolf, Autobahn car-based pickup GL -GL, GLS (1.8T, Synchro, V6), TDI, GLX (1.8T, 2.0T, W8, Synchro, V6), 4MOTION, 3.6 GL, Value Edition, CC, Highline, Komfort, 2.5 (S/SE), Wolfsburg Edition, Sport, Premium, Clean Diesel, SEL GL GLS TDI, 1.8T/1.8L/ 1.9L/2.0L/2.5/2.5L Syncro/ V6, GLX (1.8T), Turbo, Turbo S, Fender Edition, Sun and Sound, R-Line, GSR, Clean Diesel, Classic 3.2L, 4.2L, V6, V8, W12 2.0T, 3.2L, Executive, Komfort, Luxury, Turbo, VR6, Sport, Final Edition Luxury, Sport, Sport Plus, VR6, R-Line, 2.0T, 4MOTION, Executive, V6 -- 399 Unknown (automobile) -- LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 The Thing (181) 402 Tiguan Includes -S, SE, SEL, R-Line, 4MOTION, 2.0T, Wolfsburg 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1985-2017, 9999 Body Types 01,03,05-09 1980-83,9999 1987-94,9999 1989-94,9999 1990-2017, 9999 10 02,04,06,08,09 02 04,06,09 1998-2010, 2012-16, 9999 01,03,09 2002-11,9999 2006-16,9999 04 01 2012-16,9999 04 1965-2017, 9999 1956-2017, 9999 01-09, 10 Model Years 1973-75,9999 2008-17,9999 01-09, 10 Body Types 14 14 257 Passenger Vehicles Codes 421 Models Touareg/Touareg 2 441 442 Vanagon/Camper Eurovan 443 498 Routan Other (light truck) Includes V6, V8, V10, VR6 FSI, Lux, Executive, Hybrid, Sport, RLine, X Special Edition, TDI Bus, Kombi, Van GLS, MV, Camper, Weekender Package S, SE, SEL Premium/RSE -- 499 Unknown (light truck) -- OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (VOLKSWAGEN) Includes --- Model Years 2003-16,9999 Body Types 15 1955-91,9999 1992-04,9999 20 20 2009-13,9999 1967-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 20 14,15, 20 Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1956-2017, 9999 14,15, 20, 49 Body Types 92,93,97 49 MAKE: Volvo (51) (VOLV) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 122 032 140/142/144/145 * 033 164 034 240 series*/DL/GL/GLT 035 260 series/GLE 036 037 038 1800 PV544 760/780 039 040 041 042 740 940 960 850 043 70 Series (For XC70 for 2014 on, use model code 402) 044 045 90 Series 80 Series 046 40 Series Includes S S, E, GL, GLS, Deluxe S, E 242, 244, 245, DL, GL, GLT, Deluxe 264,265,262, c, Volvo Coupe, Volvo Diesel E, S, ES, P1800 PV444 GLE, Turbo, Bertone Coupe Model Years 1958-68,9999 1968-74,9999 1970-75,9999 1975-93,9999 Body Types 02,04,06,08,09 02,04,06,08,09 04 02,04,06,08,09 1976-82,9999 GLE, GT, Turbo, GL, SE GLE, Turbo, SE -GLT, Turbo, T-5, GTAS, GTMS Cross Country C70 (LT, HT, T5), S70 (GLT, T5, AWD) V70 (R, SC Cross Country, GLT, T5, M, 2.4T, 2.4, 2.5T, T6, R, 3.2) LPT, HPT. XC70 S90, V90 S80 (2.9, T6, Executive, Premier) 2.5, 2.5T, 3.2, V8 S40, V40, LSE, 2.5i, T5, 2.4i, R-Design 1983-92,9999 1991-95,9999 1992-97,9999 1993-97,9999 02,04,06,08,09, 12 02,06,09 04,06,09 02,04,06,08,09, 12 04,06,09 04,06,09, 12 04,06,09, 12 04,06,09 1998-2013, 9999 01,02,04,06,09 1998 1999-2016, 9999 04,06,09 04 2000-11,9999 04,06,09 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 1960-73,9999 1947-65,9999 1983-92,9999 258 Passenger Vehicles Codes 047 Models 60 Series 048 049 050 V50 C30 XC60 051 V60 398 399 Other (automobile) Unknown (automobile) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 401 XC90 402 499 XC70 (For 2014 on. For prior to 2013, use model code 043) Unknown (light truck) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 Includes S60 (2.4T, 2.4, 2.5 AWD, T5, Polestar), 2.4M, 2.5T, R, T5, T6, R-Design, Drive-E Cross Country 2.4i, T5, R-Design 1.0, 2.0, T5, R-Design 3.2, T5 (Dynamic, Inscription), T6 (Dynamic, Inscription, R-Design), RDesign, Drive-E T5, T6, R-Design, Drive-E, Cross Country, Polestar --- Model Years 2001-17,9999 Body Types 04 2005-11,9999 2008-13,9999 2008-17,9999 06 03 06 2014-17,9999 06 1958-2017, 9999 1958-2017, 9999 01-09, 10-12 01-09, 10-12 Includes 2.5T(AWD), T6(AWD), V8, 3.2, R-Design, SVR7, First Edition, T5, Plug-In, Excellence, T8 3.2, T6, Drive-E Model Years 2003-17,9999 Body Types 14 2014-16,9999 14 -- 2003-17,9999 14 Includes -- Model Years 1981-93; 19962016, 9999 1981-93; 19962004, 9999 1981-93; 19962004, 9999 1981-93; 19962016, 9999 1981-93; 19962016, 9999 1981-93; 19962016, 9999 Body Types 60-64,66,78 Model Years 1981-2005, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) -- Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Includes -- ----- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 60-64,66,78 60-64,66,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 60-64,66,78 60-64,66, 71,72,78 259 Passenger Vehicles Codes 983 Models Includes Model Years Bus: Rear engine, Flat -2014-16,9999 front 988 Other (bus) -1965-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2016, 9999 **Use “981” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. OTHER AND UNKNOWN Codes Models 998 Other (Vehicle) 999 Unknown (VOLVO) Includes --- Model Years 1958-2016, 9999 1958-2016, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 92,93,97 49, 79, 99 MAKE: Yugo (57) (YUGO) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 GV/GVL/GVX Includes All models, Cabriolet Model Years 1986-92,9999 Body Types 01-03,09 MAKE: Other Domestic Manufacturers (29) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 001 Studebaker/Avanti 002 Checker 003 Panoz 004 Saleen 005 Tesla 398 Other (automobile) 399 Unknown Make Includes Lark, Gran Turismo, Hawk, Cruiser, all associated subseries, light pick-up, Studebaker XUV/XUT, Lister Marathon, Superba, Taxi, Aerobus Esperante (Magnussen Edition), GT, GTS, GTLM, JRD, Abruzzi, Roadster, GTR1, 25th Anniversary, Spyder (GT) S7, S281, 435S, S302 (White Label, Yellow Label, Black Label), 570, 620, FOURSIXTEEN Roadster (Base, Sport) Model S (Base, Signature, Performance), Model X, Super Charger, Model 3 Desoto, Excalibur, Stutz, FiberFab, Hudson, Packard, Consulier, Gatsby, Auburn, Phaeton, Citicar, Clenet -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1940-91; 200107,9999 Body Types 01,02,04,06, 08,09, 16, 31,39 1965-82,9999 04,06,09, 12 2000-16,9999 01,02,09 2001-15,9999 01,02,04,09 2008-16,9999 01,04,05,09, 14 1930-91,9999 01-09, 10-13 1940-2016, 9999 01-09, 10-13, 14,16, 39 260 Passenger Vehicles MAKE: Other Import (69) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 031 Aston Martin 032 033 034 035 Bricklin Citroen DeLorean Ferrari 036 037 Hillman Jensen Includes Lagonda, Vantage, Volante, Saloon, DB Mark III, DB4, DB4GT, DB5, DB6, DB7 (Heritage/Vantage/Volante ), V12 (Vanquish S/Zagato/ Vantage, Vantage S), V8 (Vantage/ Vantage S), DB9 (Carbon Edition, GT), Rapide (S), Cygnet, Carbon Black, One-77, Virage (Coupe/ Volante), DBS (Coupe/ Volante), CC100, Vantage GT, Rapid S, Vulcan, GT12, DB11 ---F355 (Berlinetta, GTS, Spider, F1), F430, F456 (GTA, M, GT, MGTA), F550 (Maranello, Barchetta Pininfarina), 360/430 (Spider, Modena, Challenge) Maranello, Berlinetta, MGT (Vintage), Enzo, Challenge Stradale, 575M, 612 Scaglietti, Superamerica, 599 GTB/GTO, California (T), 418 Italia, FF, SA Aperta, 458 (Spider/ Italia/ Challenge/ Speciale (A)), F12 Berlinetta, FF, LaFerrari, 488 GTB/Spider, GTC4Lusso, F12TDF, F60 America -Healy-Interceptor, 541R 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1950-2016, 9999 Body Types 01-09 1965-91,9999 1965-91,9999 1981-83,9999 1965-2016, 9999 02 02-09 02 01-05,07-09 1965-91,9999 1965-91,9999 01-09 01-05,07-09 261 Passenger Vehicles Codes 038 Models Lamborghini 039 Lotus 040 Maserati 041 042 Morris Rolls Royce/Bentley 044 045 046 048 049 052 053 Simca Sunbeam TVR Desta Reliant Bertone Lada Includes Countach, 5000S, Jalpa, Diablo, Miura, Murciélago (LP640), Galladoro, LP 5502/560-4/570-4/670-4/7004, CP, Aventador (J, SV, LP750-4, Roadster), Sesto Elemento, Spyder, Superlegga, Aventador, Gallardo, Veneo, Huracan (Base, Spyder), 350GT Europe, Espirit (V8, GT-3, V8-GT) Elise, Exige, Evora (Range/GTE/400), California, Club Racer, Sport, 2-Eleven, Black, Bespoke Biturbo, Ghibli, 3200 GT, Quattroporte, Spyder GT, Sports GT, Executive GT, 90th Anniversary, MC12, GranSport, GranTurismo, GranCabrio, Stradale, Kubang, Sport, MC, S, GTS, S Q4, MC Centennial Edition, Levante, Alfier Minor Rolls Royce: Cloud/ Shadow series, Silver Spur, Silver Dawn, Silver Spirit, Silver Seraph, Corniche, Park Ward), Phantom (Drophead), Ghost; Bently: (Arnaze, Azure, Continental (GT, Speed Black Edition), Mulliner), Brooklands, Goodwood, EWB, 4, Mulsanne, Flying Spur, Super Sports, Wrath, Dawn -----X/19 -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 01,02,04,08,09 1967-2016, 9999 01,02,03, 04, 08,09 1965-99; 2002-17, 9999 01-05,07-09, 14 1965-91,9999 1926-2017, 9999 01-09, 10 01,02,04,08,09 1965-91,9999 1965-91,9999 1965-91,9999 1985-99,9999 1960-91,9999 1989-91,9999 1965-91,9999 01-09 01,02,04,08,09 01,02,09 14,15,19 01-09 01,02,09 01-09 262 Passenger Vehicles Codes 054 Models Mini-Cooper 055 Morgan (2003 on; Prior to 2003 see 398) 056 Maybach 057 Spyker 058 Koenigsegg 061 062 Mahindra Caterham 063 McLaren 064 Bugatti 398 Other (automotive) 399 Unknown Make Includes Mark I, II, III, S, SE, Sport, MC40, Traveller, John Cooper Works, Clubman, Countryman, Paceman, Coupe, All 4, Roadster, Convertible Aero 8, Plus 8, V6, Classic Range, AeroMax, 4/4 Sport, Super Sports Junior, Plus 4, 4 Seater, Aero, Eva GT, 3 Seater, 4/4, Plus 8, SP1, AR Plus 4 57, 57S, 62, 62S, Laudualet, Zeppelin, Guard C8, Base, T, Laviolette, Aileron, Spyder, Double 12R, Double 12S, C12 Zagato, L2014 M85, D, B6 Venator CC8S, CCR, CCX, CCXR, CCGT, Trevita, Agera, CC8S, Agera R/S, Special Edition, Regera, One:1 Scorpio (Lx, Sle, Vls, Vlx) Classic, Roadsport, Academy, Superlight (R300/R400/R500), CSR, Seven (280/360/480/620R), SP 300R, Aeroseven, Superflight Twenty MP4-12C, P15, 675LT, 540C, 12C GT Spirit, 650S, P1 Veyron 164 (Grand Sport, Super Sport), Vitesse, Chiron Morgan (Prior to 2003; 2003 on see 055), Singer, Gazelle, Fisker -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1961-74; 2002-17, 9999 Body Types 01,03,06,09 2003-16, 9999 01,02,09 2003-14,9999 04 2005-15,9999 01,02,09,17 2007-16, 9999 01 2010-16, 9999 2011-16, 9999 14, 30,39 01 2011-16, 9999 01 2005-16, 9999 01,02,09 1928-2017, 9999 01-09, 10-13, 17 1928-2017, 9999 01-09, 10, 19, 39 263 Motored Cycles Motored Cycles Note: Refer to Passenger Vehicle section for motored cycles produced by automobile manufacturers (BMW, Honda, Peugeot, Suzuki, Triumph) MAKE: BSA (70) (BSA ) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 750cc or greater 709 Unknown cc Includes -------- Model Years 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 1950-72,9999 Body Types 80,81,83,88,89 80,81,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 MAKE: Ducati (71) (DUCA) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 709 750cc or greater Unknown cc Includes -------- Model Years 1958-65,9999 1958-65,9999 1958-65,9999 1958-65,9999 1958-93; 19972016; 9999 1958-2016, 9999 1958-2016, 9999 Body Types 80,81,88,89 80,81,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 80-83,88,89 MAKE: Harley-Davidson (72) (HD) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 709 750cc or greater Unknown cc Includes -------- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1965-66,9999 1948-78,9999 1948-88,9999 1969-74,9999 1971-78, 2014-17, 9999 1932-2017; 9999 1932-2017, 9999 Body Types 80,81,88,89 80,81,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 80,82,88,89 80,82,88,89 264 Motored Cycles MAKE: Kawasaki (73) (KAWK) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 706 709 450-749cc 750cc or greater Unknown cc ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 731 0-50cc 732 51-124cc 733 125-349cc 734 350cc or greater 739 Unknown cc Includes -------Includes includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. Model Years 1965-82, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1975-98; 2003-04; 2006-17, 9999 1972-2016, 9999 1972-2016, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 80,81,83,88,89 80,81,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 Model Years 2003-17, 9999 Body Types 90, 97* 1970-88; 2003-17, 9999 90, 97* 1970-2017, 9999 90, 97* 1970-2017, 9999 90, 97* 1970-2017, 9999 90, 97* 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 998 Other (Vehicle) 1965-2017, 9999 91, 97* *Refer to Body Type attribute 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for remarks regarding side-by-side ATVs MAKE: Moto-Guzzi (74) (MOGU) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 704 350-449cc Includes -- 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1965-76, 9999 Body Types 80,88,89 265 Motored Cycles Codes 705 Models 450-749cc Includes -- 706 709 750cc or greater Unknown cc --- Model Years 1965-87; 2004-16, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 80,88,89 80,88,89 80,88,89 MAKE: Norton (75) (NORT) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 750cc or greater 709 Unknown cc Includes ----- Model Years 1950-76, 9999 1950-76, 9999 1950-76, 9999 1950-76, 9999 Body Types 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 MAKE: Victory (77) (VCTY) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models Includes Model Years Body Types 706 750cc or greater -1998-2017, 9999 80,88,89 709 Unknown cc -1998-2017, 9999 80,88,89 998 Other (Vehicle) -1998-2017, 9999 97* *Refer to Body Type attribute 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for remarks regarding side-by-side ATVs MAKE: Yamaha (76) (YAMA) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 750cc or greater 709 Unknown cc ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 731 0-50cc 732 51-124cc Includes -------- Model Years 1979-2017, 9999 1972-2017, 9999 1969-2017, 9999 1972-2017, 9999 1971-2016, 9999 1974-2017, 9999 1969-2017, 9999 Body Types 80,81,83,88,89 80,81,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 80,83,88,89 Includes includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. Model Years 1965-91, 2005-17, 9999 Body Types 90, 97* 1965-2017, 9999 90, 97* 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 266 Motored Cycles Codes 733 Models 125-349cc Includes Model Years Body Types includes all 1965-2017, 9999 90, 97* ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 734 350cc or greater includes all 1993-2017, 9999 90, 97* ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 739 Unknown cc includes all 1965-2017, 9999 90, 97* ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for offroad use and have 3 or 4 wheels. 998 Other (Vehicle) Snowmobiles, Golf Car 1965-2017, 9999 91,95,97* *Refer to Body Type attribute 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for remarks regarding side-by-side ATVs 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 267 Trucks Trucks MAKE: Brockway (80) (BROC) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy - COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy - COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes ----- Model Years 1965-77,9999 1965-77,9999 1965-77,9999 1965-77,9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-77,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-77,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1965-77,9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1965-77,9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-77,9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-77,9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-77,9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-77,9999 Body Types 65,73 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (BROCKWAY) Includes --- Model Years 1965-77,9999 1965-77,9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: Diamond Reo or Reo (81) (DIAR) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Includes DC101, C116, M35 (A1, A2, A3) -C054-C088 -- Model Years 1950-88, 199399, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1954-75, 9999 1954-75, 9999 1954-75,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1950-88, 199399, 9999 1950-88, 199399, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 268 Trucks BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1954-75, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1954-75, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1954-75, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1954-75, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1954-75, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based Model Years 1954-75, 9999 Body Types 65,73 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) Includes -- Model Years 1950-88, 199399, 9999 1950-88, 199399, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 999 Unknown (DIAMOND REO or REO) -- 99 MAKE: Freightliner (82) (FRHT) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 461 Sprinter/Advantage 462 498 499 MT 35 Chassis Other (light truck) Unknown (light truck) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium Heavy Van-Based Vehicle 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) BUSES Codes 981 Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Includes 2500 (HC/SHC), 3500 (HC/SHC) ---- Model Years 2002-16, 9999 Body Types 21,22,28,29 1985-2013, 9999 1985-2016, 9999 1985-2016, 9999 22, 40, 42 20-22,28,29 20-22,28,29 Includes Sprinter ----- Model Years 2002-16, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1968-2013, 9999 1965-2013, 9999 1963-2013, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2013, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 Includes -- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 269 Trucks Codes 982 983 988 989 Models Bus: Front engine, Flat front Bus: Rear engine, Flat front Other (bus) Unknown (bus) Includes ----- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 65,73 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (FREIGHTLINER) Includes --- Model Years 1963-2017, 9999 1963-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: FWD (83) (FWD ) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 890 898 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes ---- Model Years 1965-2001, 9999 1965-2001, 9999 1965-2001, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2001, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2001, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2001, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1965-2001, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1965-2001, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-2001, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-2001, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2001, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2001, 9999 Body Types 65,73 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (FWD) Includes --- Model Years 1965-2001, 9999 1965-2001, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 270 Trucks MAKE: International Harvester/Navistar (84) (INTL) - (NAVI) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 421 Scout 431 466 Travelall Multistop Van 481 Pickup 498 499 Other (light truck) Unknown (light truck) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCK Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) 890 898 BUSES Codes 981 982 983 Models Bus**: Conventional (Engine out front) Bus: Front engine, Flat front Bus**: Rear engine, Flat front Includes Scout II, Utility pickup, SS-2, Roadster, 800 series, Traveler, Terra Traveltop, 1010-1210, 100-200 Metro RM, MS1510, 120-160, MS1210 R-100-500, 900A1500C/D, 1010-1510 --- Model Years 1962-80,9999 Body Types 15 1963-75,9999 1960-84,9999 16 22,28,29 1951-76,9999 31,33 1960-84,9999 1951-84,9999 15,16, 22,28,29 15,16,19, 22,28,29 Includes Loadstar/Fleetstar, Paystar, CBE Transtar, 4200, S-series Mixer, 8100, 8500, 9100, 9200, 9300, 9400, 9900, CXT, RXT, MXT, Lonestar CO, VCO, DCO, 1901950, Cargostar, LFM, 5370 (Garbage), CF500/600 DCO, DCOT, UCO, VCOT, 405-series, COE Transtar, Unistar, Conco 707B, 9600 -- Model Years 1963-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1973-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1961-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1948-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1964-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 Fire truck - R140-R306, CO 8190 1955-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 Includes R153-1853 Loadstar, 1603-1853 173FC, 183FC Model Years 1953-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 1972-2017, 9999 50-52,58,59 183RE, 193RE-transit 1965-2017, 9999 50-52,58,59 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 271 Trucks Codes Models Includes Model Years 988 Other (bus) -1953-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1953-2017, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (INTL. HARVESTER/ NAVISTAR) Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes --- Model Years 1954-2017, 9999 1951-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 79, 99 MAKE: Kenworth (85) (KW) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes 520, 540, T400, T600, T800, C500-550, W900, T300 L700 Model Years 1947-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1972-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 K100, K100E, K270, K300, K350 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1954-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1964-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional -1965-2004, 9999 (Engine out front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat -1965-2004, 9999 front 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-2004, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 65,73 272 Trucks OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (KENWORTH) Includes --- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: Mack (86) (MACK) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes ----- Model Years 1968-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1977-2017, 9999 1956-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1972-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1971-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1965-2004, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1976-2004, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-2004, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (MACK) Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: Iveco/Magirus* (88) (IVEC) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Includes LCF FL, FS --- Model Years 1980-91,9999 1980-91,9999 1980-91,9999 1980-91,9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1980-91,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1980-91,9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 273 Trucks BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1980-91, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1980-91, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1980-91, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1980-91, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1980-91, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home Includes Truck based Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Model Years 1980-91,9999 Body Types 65,73 OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models Includes Model Years 998 Other (vehicle) 1980-91,9999 999 Unknown (IVECO/MAGIRUS) 1980-91,9999 * Magirus stopped production in 1985; Iveco stopped production in 1991. Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: Peterbilt (87) (PTRB) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 883 884 890 898 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes 357-379, 387, 385 270 362, 320 -- Model Years 1974-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1961-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1964-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1965-2004, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1965-2004, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-2004, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2004, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 65,73 274 Trucks OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (PETERBILT) Includes --- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 MAKE: White/Autocar-White/GMC (89) (WHIT) – (WHGM) MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 884 Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location 890 Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown 898 Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes ----- Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 1968-2017, 9999 1965-2017, 9999 1963-2017, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2017, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1965-2017, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1965-2017, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1965-2017, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1965-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1965-2017, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (WHITE/AUTOCARWHITE/GMC) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2017, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes --- Model Years 1963-2017, 9999 1963-2017, 9999 Body Types 92,93,97 99 275 Buses Buses NOTES: • Refer to the PASSENGER VEHICLE section for buses manufactured by Chevy, Dodge, Ford, GMC, Grumman, Isuzu, Mercedes, Mitsubishi, and Volvo. • Refer to the TRUCK section for buses manufactured by Brockway, Diamond Reo, Freightliner, FWD, International Harvester, Kenworth, Mack, Peterbilt, and White/Autocar-White/GMC. • Refer to the OTHER MAKE section for buses manufactured by Neoplan, Carpenter Industries, DINA, Mid Bus, Orion, and Van Hool. • Hino and Scania buses are located under OTHER MAKE (Medium/Heavy Trucks) since those manufacturers also make trucks. MAKE: Bluebird (90) (BLUI) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 461 Van Based Includes van-based school bus, shuttle bus Model Years 1927-2017, 9999 Body Types 21 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1927-2017, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1927-2017, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1927-2017, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1927-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1927-2017, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 BUSES Codes 981 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (BLUEBIRD) Includes -- 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Model Years 1927-2017, 9999 Body Types 99 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1948-2001, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1948-2001, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1948-2001, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1948-2001, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1948-2001, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 MAKE: Eagle Coach (91) BUSES Codes 981 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 276 Buses MAKE: Gillig (92) BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1932-2016, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1932-2016, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1932-2016, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1932-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1932-2016, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 MAKE: MCI (93) (MCIN) BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1963-2016, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1963-2016, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1963-2016, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1963-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1963-2016, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 MAKE: Thomas Built (94) (THMS) LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 461 Van Based Includes van-based school bus, shuttle bus Model Years 1936-2017, 9999 Body Types 21 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional (Engine out -1936-2017, 9999 front) 982 Bus: Front engine, Flat front -1936-2017, 9999 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat front -1936-2017, 9999 988 Other (bus) -1936-2017, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1936-2017, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. Body Types 50-52,58,59 BUSES Codes 981 UNKNOWN Codes Models 999 Unknown (THOMAS BUILT) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Includes -- Model Years 1936-2017, 9999 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Body Types 99 277 Other Make Other Make MAKE: Other Make * (98) AUTOMOBILES (Unknown if DOMESTIC or FOREIGN) ** Codes Models Includes Model Years 301 Think City 2009-15, 9999 302 Meyers Motor NmG 2008-15, 9999 398 Other (automobile) Solectra (electric: Force) 1945-2016, 9999 **Do not use Other Make (98) if Other Domestic (29) or Other Import (69) is applicable. Body Types 03 02 01-09, 10-13 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 498 Other (light truck) Includes Solectra (electric: Citivan Flash) Model Years Body Types 1960-2016, 9999 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-33,39, 40,41, 42, 45,48 LSV/NEV Codes 598 Includes Tomberlin, Ford, Fly Bo Model Years 2000-16, 9999 Includes (Includes: ATK, Beta, Buell, Cagiva, Cobra Trike, Jawa, Husqvarna, KTM, Aprilia, Maely, Riva, Strociek, BMC, MV Agusta, Bimota, Husaberg, Indian Scout, Indian, Laverda, Big Dog, Polaris, Titan, Twin Eagle, Viza, Viper) ---- Model Years Body Types 1965-2016, 9999 80,81,88,89 Includes includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. Includes: Polaris “ “ “ “ Model Years Body Types 1965-2016, 9999 90, 97* Models Other (LSV/NEV) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 706 709 450-749cc 750cc or greater Unknown cc ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 731 0-50cc 732 733 734 739 51-124cc 125-349cc 350cc or greater Unknown cc 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Body Types 94 1965-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1965-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1965-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1965-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1965-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1945-2016, 9999 80-83,88,89 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 90, 97* 90, 97* 90, 97* 90, 97* 278 Other Make MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 802 Auto-Union-DKW 803 Divco 804 Western Star 805 Oshkosh 806 Hino (includes trucks & buses) 1985-2016, 9999 807 Scania (includes trucks & buses) 1986-2004, 9999 808 809 881 882 UD Sterling Medium/Heavy – CBE Medium/Heavy – COE low entry Medium/Heavy – COE high entry Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy VanBased Vehicle Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) ** --DINA DINA 1986-2016, 9999 1998-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 50,52-59, 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 50-52,58,59, 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 50-52,58,59, 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 55, 61-64 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 e.g., Marmon, Ward LaFrance 1945-2016, 9999 60-64, 66, 71, 72, 78 Models Neoplan Carpenter Collins Bus DINA Mid Bus Orion Van Hool Bus***: Conventional (Engine out front) Bus: Front engine, Flat front Bus: Rear engine, Flat front Other (bus) Includes --------- Model Years 1950-2016, 9999 1923-2000, 9999 1967-2016, 9999 1989-2004, 9999 1963-2008, 9999 1978-2013, 9999 1947-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 50-52,58,59 21, 50-52,58,59 21 50-52,58,59 21 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 -- 1976-2016, 9999 50-52,58,59 -- 1965-2016, 9999 50-52,58,59 **** 1945-2016, 9999 50-52,58,59 883 884 870 890 898 BUSES Codes 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 981 982 983 988 Includes ---(includes trucks & buses) Model Years 1965-88, 9999 1963-88, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 279 Other Make MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLES Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (OTHER MAKE) Includes Truck-based Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 65,73 Includes (e.g., farm vehicle, snowmobile, go-cart, golf carts) -- Model Years 1940-2016, 9999 1940-2016, 9999 Body Types 91-93,95,97 49, 79, 99 *Occurs when make is not explicitly listed here **Do not use Other Make (98) if Other Domestic (29) or Other Import (69) is applicable. ***Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. ****Prior to 1999, MCI buses were coded Other Make/Other Bus. Starting in 1999, MCI has its own Make Code 93. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 280 Unknown Make Unknown Make MAKE: Unknown Make (99) AUTOMOBILES Codes Models 399 Unknown (automobile) Includes -- Model Years 1945-2016, 9999 Body Types 01-09, 10-13 LIGHT TRUCKS Codes Models 499 Unknown (light truck) Includes -- Model Years 1945-2016, 9999 Body Types 14-16,19, 20-22, 28,29, 30-33,39, 40,41, 42, 45,48 LSV/NEV Codes 599 Includes -- Model Years 2000-16, 9999 Body Types 94 Includes -------- Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1945-2016, 9999 Body Types 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 80-83,88,89 Includes includes all ATVs/ATCs/TRXs designed solely for off-road use and have 3 or 4 wheels. “ “ “ “ Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 90, 97* 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 90, 97* 90, 97* 90, 97* 90, 97* Includes -- Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 55, 61-64 --- 1965-2016, 9999 1965-2016, 9999 60-64,66,71,72,78 60-64,66,71,72,78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64,66,71,72,78 Models Unknown (LSV/NEV) MOTORCYCLES Codes Models 701 0-50cc 702 51-124cc 703 125-349cc 704 350-449cc 705 450-749cc 706 750cc or greater 709 Unknown cc ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES Codes Models 731 0-50cc 732 733 734 739 51-124cc 125-349cc 350cc or greater Unknown cc MEDIUM/HEAVY TRUCKS Codes Models 870 Medium Heavy VanBased Vehicle 881 Medium/Heavy – CBE 882 Medium/Heavy – COE low entry 883 Medium/Heavy – COE high entry 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 281 Unknown Make Codes 884 890 898 Models Medium/Heavy – Unknown engine location Medium/Heavy – COE entry position unknown Other (medium/heavy truck) Includes -- Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 60-64,66,71,72,78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64,66,71,72,78 -- 1965-2016, 9999 60-64,66,71,72,78 BUSES Codes 981 Models Includes Model Years Bus**: Conventional -1965-2016, 9999 (Engine out front) 982 Bus: Front engine. Flat -1976-2016, 9999 front 983 Bus: Rear engine, Flat -1965-2016, 9999 front 988 Other (bus) -1945-2016, 9999 989 Unknown (bus) -1945-2016, 9999 **Use code “989” (bus) if the frontal plane or the engine location is unknown. MOTOR HOME Codes Models 850 Motor Home OTHER AND UNKNOWN VEHICLE Codes Models 998 Other (vehicle) 999 Unknown (as to automobile, motored cycle, light truck or truck) Body Types 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 50-52,58,59 Includes Truck based Model Years 1965-2016, 9999 Body Types 65, 73 Includes (e.g., farm vehicle, snowmobile, go-cart) -- Model Years 1943-2016, 9999 Body Types 91-93, 95, 97 1945-2016, 9999 49, 79, 99 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 282 Body Type V11 V11 - Body Type FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Body_Typ, Person.Body_Typ, parkwork.PBODYTYP ELEMENT VALUES: Automobiles Codes Attributes 01 Convertible (excludes sun-roof, t-bar) 02 2-Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe 03 3-Door/2-Door Hatchback 04 4-Door Sedan, Hardtop 05 5-Door/4-Door Hatchback 06 Station Wagon (excluding van and truck based) 07 Hatchback, Number of Doors Unknown 17 3-Door Coupe 08 Sedan/Hardtop, number of doors unknown 09 Other or Unknown automobile type Automobile Derivatives Codes Attributes 10 Auto-Based Pickup (includes Chevrolet - El Camino, GMC -Caballero, Ford - Ranchero, Chevrolet SSR; Subaru-Baha, Brat, and Volkswagen - Rabbit Pickup) 11 Auto-Based Panel (Cargo Station Wagon, auto-based Ambulance/Hearse) 12 Large Limousine (More than four side doors or stretched chassis) 13 Three-Wheel Automobile or Automobile Derivative Utility Vehicles Codes Attributes 14 Compact Utility (ANSI D16.1 Utility Vehicle Categories “Small” and “Midsize”): • Small: Chevy-Tracker; GMC- Jimmy/Typhoon; Isuzu - Trooper II; Oldsmobile - Bravada (199194); Suzuki - Samurai, Sidekick. • Midsize: Acura - SLX, RDX; Audi - Q3, Q5, Q7, Allroad, SQ5; BMW - X1, X3, X5; Buick Rendezvous, Rainier, Encore, Enclave; Chevrolet - Captiva, S10-Blazer/TrailBlazer, Tracker (1999 on), TrailBlazer (2003 on), Trax; Equinox; Diahatsu - Rocky; Dodge - Durango (19982003), Nitro, Raider; Fiat - 500L; Ford - Bronco II (1984 on), Escape, Explorer, Explorer Sport; GMC - Jimmy (1995 on), Envoy, Terrain; Honda - CRV, Passport, Element; Hummer - H3; Hyundai - Santa Fe, Tuscon, Veracruz (2007 only); Infiniti - QX4, JX35, QX60, QX70; Isuzu Amigo, Axiom, Rodeo, Rodeo Sport, Vehicross, Trooper, Hombre; Jeep - Cherokee (1984 on), Commander, Grand Cherokee, Liberty, Patriot, Renegade, Wagoneer, Wrangler; Kia Sportage, Sorrento; Land Rover - Defender (1993, 1995-1997), Discovery, Discovery Sport, Freelander (2002-2003) Evogue; Lexus - RX300, RX330, GX470; Lincoln - Aviator, MKC; Mazda CX5, CX9 Navajo, Tribute; Mercedes - M, ML, G, GLK; Mercury - Mariner, Mountaineer; Mitsubishi - Montero, Montero Sport, Endeavor; Nissan - Juke, Pathfinder, Xterra; Oldsmobile - Bravada (1996 on); Pontiac - Aztek, Torrent; Porsche - Macan; Saab - 9-7x; Saturn - Vue; Subaru - B9 Tribeca, Forester, XV Crosstrek; Suzuki - Vitara, Vitara V6, Grand Vitara, X90, XL7; Toyota - 4-Runner, FJ Cruiser, Highlander, RAV4; Volkswagen - Tiguan; Volvo - XC70, XC90. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 283 Body Type Codes 15 16 19 V11 Attributes Large Utility (ANSI D16.1 Utility Vehicle Categories and “Full Size” and “Large”) • Full Size: Acura - MDX; AMC - Hummer; Buick - Enclave (2013 on), Cadillac - Escalade; Chevrolet Full-size Blazer, Tahoe, Traverse (2013 on); Chrysler - Aspen, Dodge - Durango (2004 on), Ford - Full-size Bronco (78 and after), Expedition; Honda - Pilot; Hyundai Veracruz (2008 on); GMC - Acadia (2013 on), Jimmy (1991-1994), Yukon (Denali/XL); Infiniti - QX56, QX80; Isuzu - Ascender; Jeep - Cherokee (83 and before); Kia - Mesa, Borrego; Land Rover - LR2, LR3, Freelander (2004 on), Range Rover; Mazda - CX-9, Mercedes Benz - GL; Nissan - Armada; Porsche - Cayenne; Lexus - LX450/470; Lincoln Navigator; Toyota - Land Cruiser, Sequoia; Volkswagen - Touareg. • Large: Avanti - Studebaker XUV; AMC -Hummer (H1, H2) Utility Station Wagon (includes suburban limousines), Cadillac - Escalade ESV; Chevrolet Suburban (Yukon XL (2000 on), Travellall, Ford - Excursion, Jeep - Grand Wagoneer) Utility Vehicle, Unknown Body Type Van-Based Light Trucks (GVWR < = 10,000 lbs.) Codes Attributes 20 Minivan (AM General - MV-1; Buick-Terraza; Chevrolet-Astro, City Express, Lumina, Uplander, Venture; Chrysler-Town and Country, Voyager; Dodge-Caravan, Grand Caravan, RAM-CV, Promater City; Ford-Aerostar, Windstar, Freestar, Transit Connect; GMC-Safari, Savana; HondaOdyssey; Hyundai-Entourage; Isuzu-Oasis; Kia-Sedona; Mazda-MPV; Mercury-Monterey, Villager; Mitsubishi-Minivan; Nissan-Altra EV, Axxess, Quest, Van; Oldsmobile-Silhouette; PlymouthVoyager, Grand Voyager, Vista; Pontiac-Transport, Montana; Saturn-Relay; Toyota-Previa, Sienna; Volkswagen-Camper, Eurovan, Routan, Vanagon. 21 Large Van-Includes van-based buses (B150-B350, Sportsman, Royal Maxiwagon, Ram, Tradesman, Voyager [83 and before], E150-E350, Econoline, Clubwagon, Chateau, G10-G30, Chevy Van, Beauville, Sport Van, G15-G35, Rally Van, Vandura, Ford - Transit, Freightliner Sprinter/Advantage, Mercedes Benz -Sprinter, Dodge - Sprinter, RAM-Promaster, Nissan - NV, Ford - Transit) 22 Step-van or walk-in van (GVWR <= 10,000 lbs.) 28 Other van type (Hi-Cube Van, Kary) 29 Unknown van type Light Conventional Trucks (Pick-up style cab, GVWR < = 10,000 lbs.) Codes Attributes 30 Compact pickup (GVWR < 4,500 lbs.) (Chevrolet - Colorado, Courier, S-10, T-10, LUV; Dodge - D50, Colt P/U, Ram 50, Dakota; Plymouth - Arrow Pickup [foreign]; Ford - Courier, Ranger, Explorer Sport Trac; GMC – Canyon, Dakota, S-15, T-15, Sonoma, Honda - Ridgeline; Isuzu - Hombre, i-280, i-350; Mahindra - TR; Mazda - Pickup, B-Series; Mitsubishi - Pickup; Nissan/Datsun - Pickup, Frontier; Toyota - Pickup, Tacoma) 31 Standard pickup (GVWR 4,500 to 10,000 lbs.) (AM General - Hummer Pickup; Avanti - Studebaker XUT; Cadillac - Escalade EXT; Chevrolet - Avalanche, Silverado, C-K 1500, C-K 2500, C-K 3500, S/T, Sierra, R100-R500; Dodge - Ram Pickup, Dakota, D100-D350, W100-W350, Ford - F100-F350; GMC - C10-C35, K10-K35, R10-R35, V10-V35; Jeep - Pickup, Comanche; Lincoln - Blackwood, Mark LT; Mitsubishi - Raider; Nissan - Titan; Suzuki - Equator; Toyota - Tundra, T-100.) 32 Pickup with slide-in camper 33 Convertible pickup 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 284 Body Type Codes 39 V11 Attributes Unknown (pickup style) light conventional truck type Other Light Conventional Trucks (GVWR < = 10,000 lbs.) Codes Attributes 40 Cab Chassis Based (includes Rescue Vehicle, Light Stake, Dump, and Tow Truck) 41 Truck Based Panel 45 Other light conventional truck type 48 Unknown light truck type 49 Unknown light vehicle type (automobile, utility vehicle, van, light truck) Buses (excludes van-based buses with a GVWR < = 10,000 lbs.) Codes Attributes 50 School Bus 51 Cross Country/Intercity Bus 52 Transit Bus (City Bus) 55 Van-Based Bus GVWR > 10,000 lbs. 58 Other Bus Type 59 Unknown Bus Type Medium/Heavy Vehicle (GVWR > 10,000 lbs.) Codes Attributes 60 Step Van (>10,000 lbs. GVWR) 61 Single-unit straight truck or Cab-Chassis (10,000 lbs. < GVWR < or = 19,500 lbs.) 62 Single-unit straight truck or Cab-Chassis (19,500 lbs. < GVWR < or = 26,000 lbs.) 63 Single-unit straight truck or Cab-Chassis (GVWR > 26,000 lbs.) 64 Single-unit straight truck or Cab-Chassis (GVWR unknown) 66 Truck-tractor (Cab only, or with any number of trailing units; any weight) 67 Medium/heavy Pickup (>10,000 lbs. GVWR) 71 Unknown if single-unit or combination unit Medium Truck (10,000 lbs. < GVWR < 26,000 lbs.) 72 Unknown if single-unit or combination unit Heavy Truck (GVWR > 26,000 lbs.) 78 Unknown medium/heavy truck type 79 Unknown truck type (light/medium/heavy) Motor Homes (Do NOT code commercial vehicle elements for motor homes, unless hazardous cargo is present): Codes Attributes 42 Light Truck Based Motorhome (Chassis Mounted) 65 Medium/heavy truck based motor home 73 Camper or motor home, unknown truck type Motorcycles, Mopeds, All-Terrain Vehicles; All-Terrain Cycles Codes Attributes 80 Motorcycle 81 Moped (motorized bicycle) 82 Three-wheel Motorcycle or Moped – not All-Terrain Vehicle 83 Off-road Motorcycle (2-wheel) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 285 Body Type Codes 88 89 90 V11 Attributes Other motored cycle type (mini-bikes, motor scooters, pocket motorcycles “pocket bikes”) Unknown motored cycle type ATV/ATC (All-Terrain Cycle) Other Vehicles Codes Attributes 91 Snowmobile 92 Farm equipment other than trucks 93 Construction equipment other than trucks (includes graders) 95 Golf Cart 94 Low Speed Vehicle (LSV) / Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) 97 Other vehicle type (includes go-cart, fork-lift, city street sweeper, dune/swamp buggy) 98 Not Reported 99 Unknown body type Definition: This element identifies a classification of this vehicle based on its general body configuration, size, shape, doors, etc. Remarks: SEE ADDITIONAL REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE MAKE/VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW Automobiles These attributes are used to classify different types of passenger cars. These type of light vehicles, referred to as automobiles, are designed primarily to transport eight or fewer persons. 01 (Convertible [excludes sun-roof and t-bar]) refers to a passenger car equipped with a removable or retractable roof. To qualify for this code, the entire roof must open. Convertible roofs are generally fabric; however, removable hardtops are also included. This attribute takes priority over 2-door or 4-door codes. 02 (2-Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe) refers to a passenger car equipped with two doors for ingress/egress and a separate trunk area for cargo (e.g., trunk lid hinged below the backlight). Folding rear seats do not necessarily violate the separate “trunk area” concept. 03 (3-Door/2-Door Hatchback) refers to a passenger car equipped with two doors for ingress/egress and a rear hatch opening for cargo (e.g., hinged above the backlight). The cargo area is not permanently partitioned from the passenger compartment area. 04 (4-Door Sedan, Hardtop) refers to a passenger car equipped with four doors for ingress/egress and a separate trunk area for cargo (e.g., trunk lid hinged below the backlight). Folding rear seats do not necessarily violate the separate “trunk area” concept. 05 (5-Door/4-Door Hatchback) refers to a passenger car equipped with four doors for ingress/egress and a rear hatch opening for cargo (e.g., hinged above the backlight). The cargo area is not permanently partitioned from the passenger compartment area. 06 (Station wagon [excluding van and truck based]) refers to a passenger car with an enlarged cargo area. The entire roof covering the cargo area is generally equal in height from front to rear and full height side glass is installed between the C and D-pillars. The rearmost area is not permanently partitioned from the forward passenger compartment area (e.g., “horizontal window shades” to hide cargo do not constitute partitions). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 286 Body Type V11 07 (Hatchback, Number of Doors Unknown) refers to a passenger car with an unknown number of doors for ingress/egress and a rear hatch opening for cargo (e.g., hinged above the backlight). The cargo area is not permanently partitioned from the passenger compartment area. 17 (3-door coupe) refers to a passenger car equipped with three doors for ingress/egress in which 2 of the doors are located on the driver's side and a separate trunk area for cargo (e.g., trunk lid hinged below the backlight). Folding rear seats do not necessarily violate the separate “trunk area” concept. 08 (Sedan/Hardtop, number of doors unknown) refers to a passenger car equipped with an unknown number of doors for ingress/egress and a separate trunk area for cargo (e.g., trunk lid hinged below the backlight). Folding rear seats do not necessarily violate the separate “trunk area” concept. 09 (Other or Unknown automobile type) is used for any passenger car that cannot be described by the other automobile codes OR when it is known that the vehicle is a passenger car, but there is insufficient data to determine the type. Do not use this attribute if the Police Accident Report (PAR) alone or in combination with other information gives sufficient detail to identify a more specific attribute. • Example #1: If the possible choices are codes “01,” “02”, or “09” but there is enough detail to identify that it is a 2-door and that it is NOT a convertible, then use 02 (2-Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe). • Example #2: If there is information that it is a 4-door and the PAR eliminates the possibility of a hatchback or station wagon, then use 04 (4-Door Sedan, Hardtop). Automobile Derivatives This describes certain passenger cars that have been modified to perform cargo-related tasks. 10 (Auto-Based Pickup) refers to a passenger car based, pickup type vehicle. The roof area (and side glass) rearward of the front seats on a station wagon have been removed and converted into a pickup-type cargo box. 11 (Auto-Based Panel (Cargo Station Wagon, auto-based Ambulance/Hearse) refers to an automotive station wagon that may have sheet metal rearward of the B-pillar rather than glass. 12 (Large Limousine) - more than four side doors or stretched chassis refers to an automobile that has sections added within its wheelbase to increase length and passenger/cargo carrying capacity. 13 (Three-Wheel Automobile or Automobile Derivative) refers to three-wheel vehicles with an enclosed passenger compartment. Utility Vehicles (< = 10,000 lbs. GVWR) Utility Vehicles are designed for carrying persons, and generally considered a multi-purpose vehicle that is designed to have off-road capabilities. These vehicles are: generally four-wheel drive (4 x 4), have increased ground clearance, and are equipped with a strong frame. Four-wheel drive automobiles are not considered utility vehicles. 14 (Compact Utility) refers to a short wheelbase and narrow tracked multi-purpose vehicle designed to operate in rugged terrain. 15 (Large Utility) refers to full-size multi-purpose vehicles primarily designed around a shortened pickup truck chassis. Generally, a station wagon style body, some models are equipped with a removable top. 16 (Utility Station Wagon) refers primarily to a pickup truck based chassis enlarged to a station wagon. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 287 Body Type V11 19 (Utility Vehicle, Unknown Body Type) is used when it is known that the vehicle is a utility vehicle, but there is insufficient data to determine the specific type. Van-Based Light Trucks (< = 10,000 lbs. GVWR) Van-Based Light Trucks (< = 10,000 lbs. GVWR) are designed to maximize cargo/passenger area versus overall length. Basically a “box on wheels”, these vehicles are identifiable by their enclosed cargo/passenger area and relatively short (or non-existent) hood. 20 (Minivan) refers to down-sized cargo or passenger unibody vans. 21 (Large Van) refers to a standard cargo or passenger van and includes van-based buses less than 10,001 lbs. GVWR. These vans will generally have a larger capacity in both volume and GVWR. 22 (Step Van or Walk-In Van [< = 10,000 lbs. GVWR]) refers to a multi-stop delivery vehicle with a GVWR less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. Examples are the Grumman LLV used by the US Postal Service or the Aeromate manufactured by Utilimaster Motor Corporation. 28 (Other Van Type) refers to a cargo or delivery van where the chassis and cab portions from the B-pillar forward of this vehicle are the same as in Minivans or Large Vans with a frame mounted cargo area unit added behind the driver/cab area or if the van cannot be described as a Minivan, Large Van, Step-van or a Van-based motor home. Annotate the van type when using this code. This code takes priority over Minivans and Large Vans. 29 (Unknown Van Type) is used when it is known that this vehicle is a light van, but its specific type cannot be determined. Light Conventional Trucks (Pickup Style Cab, < = 10,000 lbs. GVWR) Light Conventional Trucks are used to describe vehicles commonly referred to as pickup trucks and some of their derivatives. These light trucks are characteristically designed with a small cab containing a single row of seats (extended cabs with additional seats are available for some models), a large hood covering a conventional engine placement, and a separate open box area (approximately 180 to 240 centimeters long) for cargo. 30 (Compact Pickup) is used to describe a pickup truck having a width of 178 centimeters or less. 31 (Standard Pickup) is used to describe a pickup truck having a width of greater than 178 centimeters. 32 (Pickup with Slide-in Camper) is used to describe any pickup truck that is equipped with a slide-in camper. A slide-in camper is a unit that mounts within a pickup bed. Pickup bed caps, tonneau covers or frame mounted campers are not applicable for this code. 33 (Convertible Pickup) refers to a pickup truck equipped with a removable or retractable roof. To qualify for this code, the entire roof must open. Convertible roofs are generally fabric; however, removable hardtops are also included. This code takes priority over compact and large pickups. 39 (Unknown (Pickup Style) Light Conventional Truck Type) is used when this vehicle is a Light Conventional Truck, but there is insufficient data to determine the specific code. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 288 Body Type V11 Other Light Trucks (< = 10,000 lbs. GVWR) Other Light Trucks are used to describe vehicles that are based upon a conventional light pickup frame, but a commercial or recreational body has been affixed to the frame rather than a pickup box. 40 (Cab Chassis Based [includes rescue vehicles, light stake, dump and tow truck]) is used to describe a light vehicle with a pickup style cab and a commercial (non-pickup) body attached to the frame. Included are pickup based ambulances and tow trucks. 41 (Truck Based Panel) is used to describe a truck based station wagon that has sheet metal rather than glass above the beltline rearward of the B-pillars. 45 (Other Light Conventional Truck Type) is used for light conventional trucks that cannot be described elsewhere. 48 (Unknown Light Truck Type) is used when it is known that the vehicle is a light truck but further classification into one of the more detailed light truck categories (utility, van, pickup or other light trucks) is not possible. Example: It is known the light vehicle is a utility vehicle or van but it can't be determined which one. 49 (Unknown Light Vehicle Type [automobile, utility, van or light truck]) is used when it is known that the vehicle is a light vehicle, but insufficient data exists to specify what type of light vehicle it is. Buses (excludes van-based buses GVWR < or = 10,000 lbs.) Buses are defined as any motor vehicle designed primarily to transport large groups of passengers (nine or more persons, including the driver). 50 (School Bus) (designed to carry students, not cross country or transit) is a bus designed to carry passengers to and from educational facilities and/or related functions. The vehicles are characteristically painted yellow and clearly identified as school buses. Use this code regardless of whether the vehicle is owned by a school system or a private company. School buses converted for other uses (e.g., church bus) also take this code. 51 (Cross Country/Intercity Bus) describes a bus body type designed to travel long distances between cities (e.g. Greyhound). 52 (Transit Bus [City Bus]) describes a bus body type designed for public transportation typically within a city. 55 (Van-Based Bus GVWR > 10,000 lbs.) describes a bus body type built on a van-based chassis. 58 (Other Bus Type) is a vehicle designed/converted to carry nine or more persons, including the driver, not described by the attributes school bus, cross country/intercity bus, transit bus, or van-based bus. Examples include a specialized tour bus or bus based motor home. 59 (Unknown Bus Type) is used when it is known the transport device is a bus but there is insufficient data to choose between the bus attributes. Medium/Heavy Trucks (> 10,000 lbs. GVWR) Medium/Heavy Trucks describe a single-unit truck specifically designed for carrying cargo on the same chassis as the cab. They pertain to a truck-tractor designed for towing trailers or semi-trailers. Although towing is their primary purpose, some truck-tractors are equipped with cargo areas located rearward of the cab. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 289 Body Type V11 60 (Step Van [>10,000 lbs. GVWR]) defines a single-unit, enclosed body with a GVWR greater than 10,000 lbs. and an integral driver's compartment and cargo area. Step vans are generally equipped with a folding driver seat mounted on a pedestal and a sliding door for easy ingress/egress. 61-63 (Single-Unit Straight Truck or Cab-chassis) describes a non-articulated truck designed to carry cargo. The attribute selected is based on the applicable GVWR range for the vehicle. Includes “incomplete” or “cutaway”. 64 (Single-Unit Straight Truck or Cab-chassis [GVWR unknown]) describes a medium/heavy non-articulated truck designed to carry cargo. It is known not to be a step van, van, or pickup truck, but its GVWR is unknown. Includes “incomplete” or “cutaway”. 66 (Truck-Tractor [Cab only or with any number of trailing units]) describes a fifth wheel equipped tractortrailer power unit. The number of trailing units is not a consideration. 67 (Medium/Heavy Pickup [>10,000 lbs. GVWR]) is a single-unit straight truck with a pickup body style with a GVWR > 10, 000 lbs. Examples include the Ford Super Duty 350, 450, or 550. 78 (Unknown Medium/Heavy Truck Type) is used when it is unknown whether the medium/heavy truck is a single-unit truck or a truck-tractor and/or trailer combination and it is known that the vehicle is either a medium or heavy truck with GVWR >10,000 lbs. 79 (Unknown Truck Type [light/medium/heavy]) is used when it is known that this vehicle is a truck, but there is insufficient data to classify the vehicle further. Motor Homes Motor Homes are recreational vehicles mounted on an incomplete vehicle chassis that is suitable to live in and drive across the country. (Do NOT code commercial vehicle elements for motor homes, unless hazardous cargo is present.) 42 (Light Truck Based Motor Home [chassis mounted]) is used to describe a frame mounted recreational unit attached to a light van or conventional chassis. 65 (Medium/Heavy Truck Based Motor Home) describes a recreational vehicle mounted on a single unit medium/heavy truck chassis. 73 (Camper or Motor Home, unknown truck type) is used when it is known the vehicle is a camper or motor home, but the truck type is unknown. Motorcycles, Mopeds, All-Terrain Vehicles, All-Terrain Cycles 80 (Motorcycle) is used when a motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of its operator is a twowheeled open (e.g., no enclosed body) vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine. Motorcycles equipped with a side car also use this code. 81 (Moped [motorized bicycle]) is used when the vehicle is a speed-limited motor-driven cycle capable of moving either by pedaling or by an internal combustion engine. 82 (Three-Wheeled Motorcycle or Moped) is used when the vehicle is a three-wheeled open vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine or a three-wheeled motorized bicycle capable of moving either by pedaling or by an internal combustion engine. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 290 Body Type V11 83 (Off-road Motorcycle [2-wheel]) is used when the vehicle is a two-wheeled open vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine designed or built for off road use only. 88 (Other Motored Cycle [mini-bike, motor scooter, pocket motorcycles “pocket bikes”]) is used when the vehicle in question does not qualify for attributes motorcycle, moped, three-wheeled motorcycle or moped (e.g., motor scooter). 89 (Unknown Motored Cycle Type) is used when it is known that the vehicle is a motored cycle, but no further data is available. 90 (ATV/ATC [All-Terrain Cycle]) is used for off-road recreational vehicles which cannot be licensed for use on public roadways. ATV/ATCs have 3 or 4 wheels, a saddle type seat and handle bars for steering (no steering wheel). Does not include side-by-side ATVs (automobile type seats and steering wheel). See code 97 (Other Vehicle Type) for side-by-side ATV. Other Vehicles Other Vehicles describes all motored vehicles that are designed primarily for off-road use. 91 (Snowmobile) refers to a vehicle designed to be operated over snow propelled by an internal combustion engine. 92 (Farm Equipment Other Than Trucks) refers to farming implements other than trucks propelled by an internal combustion engine (e.g., farm tractors, combines, etc.). 93 (Construction Equipment Other Than Trucks) refers to construction equipment other than trucks propelled by an internal combustion engine (e.g., bulldozer, road grader, etc.). 95 (Golf Cart) is a motor vehicle that is designed and manufactured for operation on a golf course for sporting or recreational purposes. Golf carts or golf cars are different from code 94 (Low speed vehicle (LSV)/Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)) in that if they are manufactured to go less than 20 mph they are not subject to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 500. As a result, golf carts will not have a 17-digit VIN. Golf carts will have a nonstandard serial number that may be reported on the PAR. Also, typically golf carts will not have safety features required of LSVs/NEVs under the FMVSS like safety belts, head lights, turn signal and tail lamps, rear view mirrors, etc. (See definition of LSV/NEV below). 94 (Low speed vehicle (LSV)/Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)) refers to a vehicle that is designed for travel on secondary roads with speed limits equal to or less than 35 mph. LSVs can sometimes resemble golf carts but differ in that they must adhere to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 500. Provisions of FMVSS 500 include the following: The Vehicle must have: • Four wheels • Top speed of at least 20 mph, but it cannot exceed 25 mph • GVWR less than 3,001 pounds • Head, turn signal and tail lamps • Reflex reflectors • Parking brake • Rear view mirrors • Windshield • Safety belts • Seventeen (17) character VIN 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 291 Body Type V11 97 (Other Vehicle Type) is used when the motorized vehicle in question does not qualify for Construction equipment other than trucks, Farm equipment other than trucks, or Snowmobile (e.g., fork-lift, city street sweeper, dune/swamp buggy, side-by-side ATV (automobile type seats and steering wheel) go-kart, “kit” car, etc.). 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown Body Type) is used when the available information regarding the type of vehicle is reported as Unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 01, (1Q0F) (1R0P) (1Z2P) (2D0P) (2Q0F) PERSON TYPE equals 01, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, SEATING POSITION equals 51, and BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58, 59, any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 01, and (BODY TYPE equals 01-79, 82, 90-99, or any RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30), SPECIAL USE equals 02, (2U0P) (2U0Q) PERSON TYPE equals 02, 03, 09, and BODY TYPE equals 01, 02, 04, 08, 10, 17, 31-33, 3941, 45, 48, 90, 91, RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE equals 0004, 07-12, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88-91, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, (3A0P) SPECIAL USE equals 07, (3Q0F) PERSON TYPE equals 02, 03, 09, and BODY TYPE equals 01-17, 19, 20, 22, 28-33, 39, 41, 42, 50-52, 55, 58, 59, 65, 80-83, 88-92, 94, 95, 97, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, (2R0P) (4A0P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE must equal 02-09, 12, 14-21, 28, 29, 49, 99. SEATING POSITION must not equal 12-55, 99. INJURY SEVERITY must not equal 0, 9. ROLLOVER must equal 1, 2, 9. BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 19-21, 28, 29, 45, 48, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. SEATING POSITION must not equal 31-50. BODY TYPE must not equal 80-83, 88, 89, 90, 91. AIR BAG DEPLOYED should equal 00. AREAS OF IMPACT - INITIAL CONTACT POINT should not equal 14. BODY TYPE must equal 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 99. SEATING POSITION must not equal 50. SPECIAL USE must not equal 01-03, 06, 07. 292 Body Type Check (4C1P) (4C2P) (4C3P) (4C4P) (4C5P) (4C6P) (4C7P) (4C8P) (4C9P) (4C0P) (4D0P) (4F1P) (4F2P) (4F3P) (4F4P) V11 IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, SPECIAL USE equals 03, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-10, 13, 17, 8083, 88-90, 91-95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 77. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 28, 29, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. 293 Body Type Check (4F5P) (4F6P) (4F7P) (4F8P) (4F9P) (4F9Q) (4F0P) (4N4P) (4N5P) (4N6P) (4Q0F) (4Q1F) (4S0P) (4S1P) (5A0P) (5B0P) (5D0P) V11 IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 12, 14-16, 19, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 00-000000000, BODY TYPE does not equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 does not equal 2, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 77-777777777, PERSON TYPE equals 02, 03, 09, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, PERSON TYPE equals 02, 03, and BODY TYPE equals 21, BODY TYPE equals 80-82, 83, 88, 89, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89 and HM1 does not equal 1, BODY TYPE equals 80, 81, 83, 88, 89, and any RELATED FACTORS - VEHICLE LEVEL does not equal 30, JACKKNIFE equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, SPECIAL USE equals 04, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 50. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 92, 93, 99, or HM2 must equal 2. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must equal 00-000000000, 99-999999999. BODY TYPE should equal 28, 45, 48-52, 55, 5864, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93 or HM1 should equal 2. SEATING POSITION must not equal 12, 14-19, 22-50. SEATING POSITION must not equal 50, 52. EJECTION must equal 8. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS MUST equal 0. ROLLOVER must equal 0. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 1-4. BODY TYPE must equal 01-12, 15-17, 19-22, 2833, 39-41, 45, 48-50, 55, 58, 59, 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 90, 99. 294 Body Type V11 Check (5F0F) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS equals 00-98, and BODY TYPE does not equal 50-52, 55, 58, 59, (5Q0F) PERSON TYPE equals 02, and BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58, 59, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89 or 90, UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-8, SPECIAL USE equals 05, (5S0P) (6A1P) (6D0P) (6G0Q) (6Q0F) (7D0P) (7Q0F) (8D0P) (8L9P) (8P0P) (920P) (930P) (960P) (981P) (982P) (A380) any RELATED FACTORS - VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30, PERSON TYPE equals 02, 03, 09, and BODY TYPE equals 60-67, 71, 72, 78, 79, SPECIAL USE equals 06, PERSON TYPE equals 09, and BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58, 59, SPECIAL USE equals 08, BODY TYPE does not equal 80-83, 88-91, and the CRASH EVENTS event equals 54, and the corresponding AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 19 in that row, PERSON TYPE equals 01, and AGE is less than 008, any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, equals Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, does not equal Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], MAKE is not 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89,90, 91, BODY TYPE does not equal 80-83, 88, 89, 90, 91, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01 and this vehicle is involved in the first harmful event, and BODY TYPE does not equal 80-89 for this vehicle, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals _____, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the number of Person Level forms for that vehicle must be equal to the NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS. SEATING POSITION must not equal 11, 21-50, 98, 99. EXTRICATION must equal 0. BODY TYPE must not equal 80-83, 88-91. BODY TYPE must equal 01-12, 14-17, 19-22, 2833, 39-41, 45, 48, 49, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78-82, 88-91, 94, 95, 97-99. BODY TYPE must equal 80 for this vehicle. SEATING POSITION must not equal 31-49. BODY TYPE must equal 11, 14-17, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29, 40, 41, 45, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64, 79, 98, 99. SEATING POSITION must not equal 12-50, 52-54. BODY TYPE must not equal 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 99. there should be a previous event with CRASH EVENTS event equal to 18 or 73 involving that vehicle. BODY TYPE must not equal 01-12, 14-17, 19-22, 28-33, 39-42, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-67, 71, 72, 7883, 89, 92, 93. the other three must also equal Not Reported. the other three must also not be coded as Not Reported. BODY TYPE must equal ___. RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE must equal 05, 16, 17, 19, 29, 97, 98. RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE must not equal 05, 16, 17, 19, 29. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER should equal _____ respectively. 295 Body Type V11 Check (AE1P) (AF2P) (AH0P) IF VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05-08, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 20, 21, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, 99, (AH1P) (AH2P) (AL0P) (AM0P) BUS USE equals 08, BUS USE equals 06, CARGO BODY TYPE equals 22, CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 00, 99, (BP0P) MODEL YEAR is greater than 1999, and BODY TYPE does not equal 50-52, 58-66, 71-79, 8083, 88-93, 95, 97, and SEATING POSITION equals 11, 13, 18, 19, BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 63, 66, 72, or HM1 equals 2, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 66, PERSON TYPE equals 01-03, 09, and RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE equals 0104, 08, 10-12, and BODY TYPE does not equal 80-89, EJECTION equals 8, (D270) (D440) (D560) (P01F) (P094) (P130) (U080) (U470) (V020) BODY TYPE equals 60-67, 71, 72, 78, 79, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, 03, and INJURY SEVERITY equals 4, PERSON TYPE equals 01, and AGE is less than 009, SEATING POSITION equals 21, 23, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38 or 39, and BODY TYPE equals 50-97, AIR BAG DEPLOYED equals 01-03, 07-09, 20, 28, and BODY TYPE equals 01-49 and MODEL YEAR equals 1998 or newer, EJECTION equals 1-3, and BODY TYPE does not equal 90, 91, 97, BODY TYPE does not equal 21, 28, 29, 50-59, UNLIKELY: BODY TYPE equals 98. VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1, (V031) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 39, (P180) (P230) (P290) (P310) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE must equal 66. BODY TYPE must equal 20, 21, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. BODY TYPE should equal 15,16, 21, 28, 31, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 22, 28, 29, 50-59. BODY TYPE should equal 21, 52 or 55. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 50-52, 55,58, 59. BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 21, 28, 31, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. AIR BAG DEPLOYED should not equal 00. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-52, 55, 63, 66, 72, and HM2 should not equal 2. BODY TYPE should equal 80-83, 88, 89. EJECTION should equal 0 or 7. SEATING POSITION must equal 55, or BODY TYPE must equal 80-83, 88, 89. FATAL INJURY AT WORK should equal 1. BODY TYPE should not equal 90. AIR BAG DEPLOYED should equal 00. SEATING POSITION should equal 11, 13, 21, 23, 31 or 33. RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE must not equal 05, 16, 17, 19, 29. UNLIKELY: SPECIAL USE equals 02 or 03. -BODY TYPE should not equal 50-52, 55, 80-83, 88-91. BODY TYPE should not equal 01, 12, 13, 32, 33, 42, 50-52, 55, 58, 59, 65, 73, 80-83, 88-92. 296 Body Type V11 Check (V032) IF RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 40, (V050) RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE equals 05, 16, 17,19, 29, BUS USE equals 01, BUS USE equals 04, BUS USE equals 05, (V051) (V052) (V053) (V054) (V055) (V170) (V180) (V190) (V200) (V210) (V220) (V230) (V240) (V250) (V260) (V290) (V320) BUS USE equals 07, BUS USE equals 00, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 12, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 91, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 90, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is, 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 99, BODY TYPE equals 90, BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58-66, 71-79 and SEATING POSITION does not equal 11, 13, 98, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE should not equal 01, 12, 13, 32, 33, 42, 50-52, 55, 58, 59, 60-67, 71-73, 78, 80-83, 88-93. BODY TYPE must equal 80-83, 88-91. BODY TYPE should equal 21, 50 or 55. BODY TYPE should equal 51. BODY TYPE should equal 12, 16, 21, 51, 55 or 58. BODY TYPE should equal 21, 22, 29, 50 -59. BODY TYPE must not equal 50-59. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should equal 01. AIR BAG DEPLOYED should equal 00. 297 Body Type V11 Check (V330) IF SCHOOL BUS RELATED equals 1, (V340) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 98, 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, BODY TYPE equals 50, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 21, GVWR/GCWR equals 1, GVWR/GCWR equals 9, BODY TYPE equals 60, BODY TYPE equals 01-21, 28-30, 32-39, 4549, BODY TYPE equals 61, 62, 67, 71, and VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 04, (V350) (V360) (V370) (V380) (V390) (V400) (V410) (V420) (V430) (V440) (V46P) (V504) (V505) (V506) (V507) (V50P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE of at least one of the involved vehicles should equal 50 (School Bus) or SPECIAL USE for at least one involved vehicle should equal 02 - Vehicle Used as School Bus, and BUS USE for at least one vehicle should equal 01. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 02. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. SCHOOL BUS RELATED should equal 1. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. BODY TYPE should equal 01-22, 28-39, 41-49. BODY TYPE should not equal 61-63, 66, 67. GVWR/GCWR should equal 2. GVWR/GCWR should equal 0, 1. GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 9. (See GVWR/GCWR Remarks on how to use VIN Decoder to determine GVWR.) 298 Body Type V11 Check (V51P) IF BODY TYPE equals 63, 66, 72, (V540) (V56P) (V57P) BODY TYPE equals 42, 65, 73, and HM1 equals 1, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 10, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05, (V58P) (V59P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 04, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 06, (V60P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 07, (V61P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 08, (V640) (V64P) (V660) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, 99, BODY TYPE equals 50-59, 60-64, 66-72, 78, CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 00, 99, (V790) BODY TYPE equals 20, (V800) BODY TYPE equals 21, 22, 28, 29, (V810) (V840) BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, BODY TYPE equals 50-59, (V850) BODY TYPE equals 60, (V860) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 61-64, (V870) BODY TYPE equals 65, (V880) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, (V890) BODY TYPE equals 71, 72, (V900) BODY TYPE equals 73, (V910) BODY TYPE equals 78, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN GVWR/GCWR must equal 3. (See GVWR/GCWR Remarks on how to use VIN Decoder to determine GVWR.) GVWR/GCWR should equal 0. BODY TYPE must equal 01-22, 28-49. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 12, 96, and BODY TYPE must equal 66. BODY TYPE must not equal 66. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 1. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 2. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 3. BODY TYPE should not equal 28, 30, 42, 45, 48, 49. GVWR/GCWR must not equal 0, 1. BODY TYPE should not equal 28, 30, 42, 45, 48, 49. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, 04, 10, 20, 21, 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00, 01, 22, 99. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01, 03, 04, 09. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 03, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 02, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-10, 12, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 05-08, 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 06-12, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 08, 10, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 98. 299 Body Type Check (V915) (V920) (V930) (V950) (V961) (V980) (VH06) V11 IF BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, BODY TYPE equals 79, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 00, or CARGO BODY TYPE equals 00, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is less than 1994, and SEATING POSITION equals 31, 33, 39, MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93, or HM1 equals 2, BODY TYPE equals 82, Consistency Checks (CRSS Only): Check IF (V941) BODY TYPE equals 90 or 91, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 97. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 99. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-64, 66-72, 78, 79. RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE should not equal 01, 03, and BODY TYPE should equal 12, 15, 16, 19-21. BODY should equal ___. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 00-000000000. RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL must not equal 30. THEN VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE NUMBER should equal 0000000000. 300 Vehicle Model Year V12 V12 - Vehicle Model Year FORMAT: 4 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.MOD_YEAR, Person MOD_YEAR, Parkwork.PMODYEAR ELEMENT VALUES: Codes ---9998 9999 Attributes Actual Four Digit Model Year Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the manufacturer's model year of this vehicle. Remarks: SEE ADDITIONAL REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE MAKE/VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW 9998 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 9998 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). Code all four digits of the model year for which the vehicle was manufactured. For example, a vehicle manufactured as a 1985 model is to be coded as “1985.” Consistency Checks: Check IF (1C0P) the MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, (900P) (902P) VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) does not equal 0s, 8s or 9s and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is a valid year and greater than or equal to 1980 and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR equals ______, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR > 1980, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’; 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the MODEL YEAR must not be greater than CRASH YEAR plus ONE. the 10th digit of the valid VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) should equal _______ (contact NHTSA Headquarters for VIN Assistance). VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 1-8, 11-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, 0-9, or, blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9, X, or blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, 1-9, or, blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. 301 Vehicle Model Year Check (903P) IF VEHICLE MODEL YEAR > 1980, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’; (920P) (U510) (V010) (V011) any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, equals Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], MAKE is not 97, 98, 99, and equals ___, and MODEL equals ___, any one of the fields MAKE, MODEL, BODY TYPE, and MODEL YEAR, does not equal Not Reported [MAKE (97), MODEL (997), BODY TYPE (98), and MODEL YEAR (9998)], MODEL YEAR is greater than 1999, and BODY TYPE does not equal 50-52, 58-66, 71-79, 8083, 88-93, 95, 97, and SEATING POSITION equals 11, 13, 18, 19, AIR BAG DEPLOYED equals 01-03, 07-09, 20, 28, and BODY TYPE equals 01-49 and MODEL YEAR equals 1998 or newer, UNLIKELY: GVWR/GCWR equals 8 and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is greater than 1980 and not equal to 9998 or 9999 and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 0s, 8s or 9s. UNLIKELY: VEHICLE MODEL YEAR equals 9998. MODEL YEAR should not be less than 1940. VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is less than 1950, (V620) CRASH MONTH is between January and March, (V922) (V950) MAKE equals 98, 99, and MODEL equals ___, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is less than 1994, and SEATING POSITION equals 31, 33, 39, (921P) (930P) (BP0P) (P290) (U490) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V12 THEN VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 1-8, 11 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, or 0-9; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9, or X; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, or 1-9; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 12-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, 0-9 or blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. the other three must also equal Not Reported. MODEL YEAR must equal ___, or CRASH YEAR plus 1. the other three must also not be coded as Not Reported. AIR BAG DEPLOYED should not equal 00. SEATING POSITION should equal 11, 13, 21, 23, 31 or 33. -- --VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must equal 0s. the VEHICLE MODEL YEAR should NOT be greater than the CRASH YEAR unless it equals 9998 or 9999 (contact Coding Assistance). MODEL YEAR should equal ___. RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE should not equal 01, 03, and BODY TYPE should equal 12, 15, 16, 19-21. 302 Vehicle Identification Number V13 V13 - Vehicle Identification Number FORMAT: 17 alphanumeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.VIN, Parkwork.PVIN ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00000000000000000 -88888888888888888 99999999999999999 Attributes No VIN Required Any Alphanumeric Characters – Actual VIN number Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element records the vehicle identification number (VIN) of a single vehicle or the power unit of a combination vehicle. Remarks: SEE ADDITIONAL REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE MAKE/VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW Code the complete VIN of the single vehicle or the power unit of a combination vehicle. The VIN is always leftjustified. Trailer VINs are not coded in this element. See TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER to record the VIN on any trailer. If the VIN for the power unit of a combination vehicle is not available, code 8s (Not Reported) for this element, rather than the trailer VIN. Vehicles manufactured after September 1980 conform to 49 CFR Part 565. This standard requires that each VIN have 17 characters, not contain the letter “I”, “O” or “Q”, and pass a mathematical test (check digit). If the VIN is less than 17-characters long (pre-1981 VIN), do not zero-fill. Instead, leave the remaining characters blank. Only enter 8s (Not Reported) or 9s (Unknown) when the entire VIN is missing or unknown. Enter all 0s (No VIN Required) if the vehicle is not required to have a VIN as per 49 CFR Part 565 (e.g. ATVs, off road motorcycles, farm tractors, go-carts) AND there is no VIN data available. If VIN data is available enter the VIN. If the vehicle is required to have a VIN as per 49 CFR Part 565 (i.e. all vehicles designed for road use) and no VIN data is available see 8s (Not Reported). NOTE: For any multi-stage manufactured vehicle (e.g., school bus, motor home, limousine, tow truck, etc.), enter the VIN for the vehicle’s power unit/chassis. Do not code the secondary manufacturer’s serial number, which is not considered a VIN under 49 CFR Part 565. If the vehicle is manufactured by the Ford Motor Company and the VIN begins or ends with a script “f”, the script “f” is not entered. Proceed to the next character, as in the example below. Example: VIN: f 3 U 6 2 S 1 0 0 9 3 2 f ENTER: 3 U 6 2 S 1 0 0 9 3 2 In addition, if any hyphens or periods are contained in the string of alphanumeric characters, ignore them as in the example below. Example: VIN: S M - E . 3 0 7 6 4 2 1 ENTER: S M E 3 0 7 6 4 2 1 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 303 Vehicle Identification Number V13 8s (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8s (Not Reported) in these three situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials), or 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials), or 3. Information on the PAR has been sanitized/redacted and no other information is available in the case materials. 9s (Unknown) is used when the entire power unit VIN is reported as Unknown or this is a hit-and-run vehicle, with no information available. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: If the state will not allow transmittal of a complete standard VIN, code the right-most four characters as numeric zeroes. The vehicle registration file must be used to verify the VIN. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Leave “Blank” any column which does not have a VIN character. If part of the VIN is missing or not decipherable, leave “blank” the column any such character would ordinarily occupy. In the special case where the first 11 columns of the VIN are blank, but part or all of columns 12 through 17 contain information, code Unknown instead of the partial information contained in the columns 12 through 17 of the VIN. If the information from VIN Decoder and the PAR are inconsistent, use the following guidelines: • Make and model on the PAR takes precedence over the make and model indicated by the VIN. • Model year - Use model year as indicated by VIN if the VIN Make and Model matches the make and model shown on the PAR. • Body type - Use body type indicated by the VIN if the VIN Make and Model matches the make and model shown on the PAR. If the information about make and model on the PAR is inconsistent, model takes precedence over the make. Consistency Checks: Check IF (900P) VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) does not equal 0s, 8s or 9s and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is a valid year and greater than or equal to 1980 and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR equals ______, (901P) any VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) that does not equal 0s,8s, or 9s, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN the 10th digit of the valid VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) should equal _______ (contact NHTSA Headquarters for VIN Assistance). VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) must be unique within a crash. 304 Vehicle Identification Number Check (902P) IF VEHICLE MODEL YEAR > 1980, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’; (903P) VEHICLE MODEL YEAR > 1980, VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is not equal to 9998 or 9999, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’; (U490) UNLIKELY: GVWR/GVCR equals 8 and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is greater than 1980 and not equal to 9998 or 9999 and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 0s, 8s or 9s. VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is less than 1950, (V011) (V280) (V300) (V62P) Possible error in VIN digit check Possible error in VIN Production Number. CARGO BODY TYPE equals 01-12, 97, 98, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal Not Reported or Unknown, V13 THEN VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 18, 11-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, 0-9, or, blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9, X, or blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, 1-9, or, blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 18, 11 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, or 0-9; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9, or X; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, or 1-9; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 12-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, 0-9 or blank; VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. -- VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must equal 0s. --GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 3. Consistency Checks (FARS Only): Check Language (V270) Possible error in VIN character types or number of characters. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 305 Vehicle Trailing V14 V14 - Vehicle Trailing FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.TOW_VEH; Person.TOW_VEH; Parkwork.PTRAILER ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Attributes No Trailing Units One Trailing Unit Two Trailing Units Three or more Trailing Units Yes, Number of Trailing Units Unknown Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle - Fixed Linkage Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle - Non-Fixed Linkage Unknown Definition: This element identifies whether or not this vehicle had any attached trailing units or was towing another motor vehicle. Remarks: Trailing unit applies to any device connected to a motor vehicle by a hitch, including tractor-trailer combinations, a single-unit truck pulling a trailer (truck trailer), a boat trailer hitched onto a motor vehicle, etc. If the case materials do not provide sufficient information if the linkage was fixed or not, consider the linkage as fixed. A vehicle towing another motor vehicle is not considered to be a trailer but is considered to be a towed vehicle (see 5 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle - Fixed Linkage) or 6 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle Non-Fixed Linkage)). A converter dolly is a device used to hitch a trailer to another semi-trailer or straight truck and is not counted as a separate trailing unit. For combination vehicles (medium/heavy trucks), count only the cargo-carrying units. 0 (No Trailing Units) is used when this vehicle was not pulling or towing a wheeled unit. 1 (One Trailing Unit) is used when one trailer was being pulled by this vehicle. 2 (Two Trailing Units) is used when this vehicle was pulling two trailers. 3 (Three or More Trailing Units) is used when this vehicle was pulling three or more trailers. 4 (Yes, Number of Trailing Units Unknown) is used when it is known that there was a trailer(s) but the number of trailers cannot be determined. 5 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle - Fixed Linkage) is used to identify that a vehicle was towing another motor vehicle(s) connected by a fixed linkage. The towed vehicle will have two or more wheels on the ground. This will most commonly apply to drive-away/tow-away tow trucks. These are vehicles equipped with a mechanism designed to be attached to a towed vehicle (e.g., hoist). This attribute would also be used for saddle-mounted towed vehicles. An example of a saddle-mount unit would be a bobtail towing one or more other bobtails. This attribute does not apply to vehicles towed by being loaded on a flatbed or auto transporter. 6 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle - Non-Fixed Linkage) is used to identify that a vehicle was towing another motor vehicle(s) connected by a non-fixed linkage. A non-fixed linkage includes ropes, chains, or cables. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 306 Vehicle Trailing V14 9 (Unknown) is used when it cannot be determined from any information if a unit was being pulled or towed. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: For vehicles being towed by an illegal hitch (rope, chain, cable), use the 22 (Towing or Pushing Improperly) for the data element Related Factors-Driver Level. Consistency Checks: Check IF (2B0P) JACKKNIFE equals 1-3, (4C1P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C2P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C3P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C4P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C5P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C6P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C7P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C8P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C9P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4C0P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, (4E0P) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1 or 2 or 3, (4E1P) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 4, (4F1P) NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-10, 13, 17, 8083, 88-90, 91-95, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0, 9. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 77. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 7s or blanks for all three sets. TRAILVER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 7s for any of the three sets. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 15. 307 Vehicle Trailing Check (4F2P) (4F3P) (4F4P) (4F5P) (4F6P) (4F7P) (4F8P) (4F9P) (4F9Q) (4F0P) (4R0P) (5B0P) (5B0Q) (AD0P) (AE0P) (AL1P) (CI0P) (V020) (V170) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 12, 14-16, 19, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, SEATING POSITION equals 54, JACKKNIFE equals 0 and BODY TYPE equals 66, JACKKNIFE equals 0, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 04, 06-08, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05, and CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 12, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 51, 62, 70, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 94, 95, 97, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V14 THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 22. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 25. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 30. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 55. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 50. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 20. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS must not be greater than 10. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 1-4. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 0, 5, 6, or 9. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 0. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0. JACKKNIFE must not equal 0. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-52, 55, 80-83, 88-91. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. 308 Vehicle Trailing Check (V180) (V190) (V200) (V210) (V220) (V230) (V240) (V250) (V260) (V310) (V340) (V350) (V360) (V370) (V380) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is less than 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 12, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 15, 16, 42, 73, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 91, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 90, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is, 01-98, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 99, SEATING POSITION equals 54 and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 01-05, 07-09, 14, 15, 17, 19, 97, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 06, 11, 16, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 12, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 42, 73, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V14 THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. AIR BAG DEPLOYED must equal 00. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 15. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 02. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. 309 Vehicle Trailing Check (V390) (V59P) IF NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 60-65, 71, 72, 79, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 91, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 90, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS is 01-98, and BODY TYPE equals 98, 99, and VEHICLE TRAILING does NOT equal 0, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 06, (V60P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 07, (V61P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 08, (V68P) (V810) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 12, BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 3, (V400) (V410) (V420) (V430) (V915) (V983) (V984) (V985) STATE does not equal 04, 08, 16, 18, 20, 3032, 38-41, 46, 49, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 5, (V991) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, (V992) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1, (V993) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 2, (V994) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 3, (V995) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 4, (V997) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 6, (V998) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V14 THEN NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 12. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 2. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 8. NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS should not be greater than 5. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 1. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 2. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 3. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 5. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01, 03, 04, 09. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 97. STATE should equal 04, 08, 16, 18, 20, 30-32, 3841, 46, 49. VEHICLE TRAILING should not equal 3. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00, 10, 19-21. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04, 06-08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05, 07 or 08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05, 06 or 08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05-07. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05-08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04, 06-08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04-07 or 08. 310 Vehicle Trailing V14 Consistency Check (CRSS Only): Check IF (V986) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 3, THEN PSU should equal OH, OK, SD, UT. Consistency Check (FARS Only): Check IF (V16P) RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 88, THEN VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0, 9. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 311 Trailer Vehicle Identification Number V15 V15 - Trailer Vehicle Identification Number FORMAT: 3 sets, 17 alphanumeric SAS NAME: TBD ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00000000000000000 -77777777777777777 88888888888888888 99999999999999999 Attributes No VIN Required Any Alphanumeric Characters – Actual VIN No Trailing Units Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element records the vehicle identification number (VIN) of any trailing units of a combination vehicle. Remarks: SEE VEHICLE MAKE/VEHICLE MODEL OVERVIEW. VINs for the power unit are not coded in this element. See V13 Vehicle Identification Number to record the VIN on the power unit. Code the complete VIN of any trailing units of a combination vehicle (up to three trailing units). The number of VIN fields available to code is system generated based on the presence of a trailer or trailers in the element VEHICLE TRAILING. For example, if VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0 (No Trailing Units), 5 (Vehicle Towing Fixed), 6 (Vehicle Towing Non-fixed), or 9 (Unknown) then TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is auto-filled with 7s (No Trailing Units). If VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1 (One Trailing Unit) then one TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER set of 17 alphanumeric characters is available to code and the remaining two are 7filled by the system. The VIN is always left-justified. If the VIN for any trailing unit of a combination vehicle is not available, code 8s (Not Reported) here. For example, if a truck tractor semi-trailer combination has no VIN information for the trailer, code 8s (Not Reported) in the available field. If a truck tractor double-trailer combination has VIN information for only one of the two trailers, code the known VIN in the first field and 8s (Not Reported) in the second Trailer Vehicle Identification Number field. Vehicles manufactured after September 1980 conform to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 115. This standard requires that each VIN have 17 characters, not contain the letter “I,” “O,” or “Q”, and pass a mathematical test (check digit). If the VIN is less than 17-characters long (pre-1981 VIN), do not zero-fill. Instead, leave the remaining characters blank. Only enter 8s (Not Reported) or 9s (Unknown) when the entire VIN is missing or reported unknown. Enter all 0s (No VIN Required) if the vehicle has a trailer but the trailer is not required to have a VIN as per 49 CFR Part 565 Requirements for Trailer Manufacturers. This attribute should only be used for homemade or custom trailers not manufactured for sale to the public. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 312 Trailer Vehicle Identification Number V15 If the vehicle is manufactured by the Ford Motor Company and the VIN begins or ends with a script “f”, the script “f” is not entered. Proceed to the next character, as in the example below. VIN: f 3 U 6 2 S 1 0 0 9 3 2 f ENTER: 3 U 6 2 S 1 0 0 9 3 2 In addition, if any hyphens or periods are contained in the string of alphanumeric characters, ignore them as in the example below. VIN: S M - E . 3 0 7 6 4 2 1 ENTER: S M E 3 0 7 6 4 2 1 8s (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8s (Not Reported) in these three situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials), or 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials), or 3. Information on the PAR has been sanitized/redacted and no other information is available in the case materials. 9s (Unknown) is used when the entire trailing unit VIN is reported as Unknown. For example, the police report the vehicle information is unknown for hit-and-run vehicle known to have a trailer(s). FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: If the state will not allow transmittal of a complete standard VIN, code the right-most four characters as numeric zeroes. The vehicle registration file must be used to verify the VIN. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Leave “Blank” any column which does not have a VIN character. If part of the VIN is missing or not decipherable, leave “Blank” the column any such character would ordinarily occupy. In the special case where the first 11 columns of the VIN are blank, but part or all of columns 12 through 17 contain information, code Unknown instead of the partial information contained in the columns 12 through 17 of the VIN. Consistency Checks: Check IF (4E0P) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1 or 2 or 3, (4E1P) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 4, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 7s or blanks for all three sets. TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 7s for any of the three sets. 313 Trailer Vehicle Identification Number Check (904P) IF TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’, (905P) TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER is not equal to ‘00000000000000000’, (U687) UNLIKELY: TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 0s for any of the three sets. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V15 THEN TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 1-8, 11-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, RZ, 0-9, or, blank; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9, X, or blank; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, 1-9, or, blank; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 1-8, 11 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, or 0-9; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 9 should equal 0-9; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER position 10 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V-Y, or 1-9; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 12-14 should equal A-H, J-N, P, R-Z, 09 or blank; TRAILER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER positions 15-17 should equal 0-9 or blank. -- 314 Jackknife V16 V16 - Jackknife FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.J_KNIFE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 Attributes Not an Articulated Vehicle No Yes - First Event Yes - Subsequent Event Definition: This element identifies if this vehicle experienced a "jackknife" anytime during the unstabilized situation. Remarks: Jackknife can occur at any time during the crash sequence. This element is applicable for all power unit/trailing unit combinations (e.g., truck tractor or single-unit truck with one or more trailers, articulated bus, car pulling a boat on a trailer, light utility vehicle/trailing unit combination, etc.). Jackknife applies to a condition that occurs to an articulated vehicle, any vehicle with a trailing unit connected by a hitch (fixed linkage) while in motion. A jackknife occurs when there is an uncontrolled articulation between the power unit and the trailing unit in which the trailing unit does not follow directly behind the power unit (tracking), and the driver did not initiate the non-tracking situation. The condition reflects a loss of control of the vehicle by the driver in which the trailing units’ normal straight-line path behind the power unit is not maintained. If the final resting configuration of the vehicle in the PAR diagram is in a jackknife position, it does not necessarily mean that the vehicle has jackknifed. Turning and backing are examples of driver initiated nontracking controlled articulation and are not coded as a jackknife. In the case materials, the terms “tractor jackknife” or “trailer swing” may be used to describe particular incidences of uncontrolled articulation. Either incident shall be coded as Jackknife. Jackknife is not likely to be a harmful event but may be part of an unstabilized condition just before the first harmful event. 0 (Not an Articulated Vehicle) is used when this vehicle is not a vehicle-trailing unit combination. This attribute can also be used when coding a hit-and-run vehicle when there is not an indication in the case materials that the hit and run vehicle had a trailer. 1 (No) is used when no uncontrolled articulation was reported between a vehicle and a trailing unit. 2 (Yes - First Event) is used when an uncontrolled articulation was reported as occurring before or as part of the first injury or damage producing event for this vehicle. 3 (Yes - Subsequent Event) is used when an uncontrolled articulation occurs after the first injury or damage producing event for this vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 315 Jackknife V16 Consistency Checks: Check IF (2B0P) JACKKNIFE equals 1-3, (3B0P) JACKKNIFE equals 2, 3, (5B0P) JACKKNIFE equals 0 and BODY TYPE equals 66, (5B0Q) JACKKNIFE equals 0, (7B0F) JACKKNIFE equals 2, 3, (AK00) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 22, 96, (AL8P) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 51, 70, (CI0P) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, (V538) JACKKNIFE equals 2, (VH70) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0, 9. TRAVEL SPEED must not equal 000. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 1-4. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 0, 5, 6, or 9. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 1. JACKKNIFE should equal 0. JACKKNIFE must equal 2, 3. JACKKNIFE must not equal 0. PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) must not equal 04, 05, 07-09 or 13 for this vehicle. elements V15, V24, V31 must all be left blank. 316 Motor Carrier Identification Number V17 V17 - Motor Carrier Identification Number FORMAT: 1 set 2 numeric, 1 set 9 alphanumeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.MCARR_ID, parkwork.PMCARR_ID, Vehicle.MCARR_I1; parkwork.PMCARR_I1, Vehicle.MCARR_I2; parkwork.PMCARR_I2 ELEMENT VALUES: Issuing Authority: Codes Attributes 00 Not Applicable 01-56 State Code 57 US DOT 58 MC/MX (ICC) 95 Canada 96 Mexico 88 None 77 Not Reported 99 Unknown Identification Number: Codes Attributes -Actual Number 0s Not Applicable 8s None 7s Not Reported 9s Unknown Definition: This element records the issuing authority and motor carrier identification number if applicable to this vehicle. Remarks: The Motor Carrier Identification Number is recorded on the Truck Supplement or PAR next to the appropriate Source (Issuing Authority.) This information should be available on your Police Accident Report (PAR) or Truck and Bus Supplement with other elements required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). You should expect to find motor carrier identification numbers for the following qualifying vehicles: 1. Light trucks pulling a trailer with gross combination weight rating (GCWR) greater than 10,000 lbs. 2. Medium/Heavy Trucks: vehicles with GVWR greater than 10,000 lbs. 3. Buses with 9 or more seats (including the driver). 4. Light Trucks, Vans, and Passenger Vehicles displaying a hazardous materials placard. Federal regulations require that almost all commercial trucks/buses operating across state lines that meet the above criteria (i.e., interstate) have Identification Numbers except those hauling “exempt” commodities (such as unprocessed agricultural products). This will be a US DOT or MC/MX (ICC) Number. Some states issue “Intrastate” motor carriers a state number that can also be recorded here. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 317 Motor Carrier Identification Number V17 Identification Number should be left justified. If less than 9 characters, left-justify and do not zero-fill. Figure 11: Examples of Left-Justified Coding of Motor Carrier Identification Number Note: Many carriers will have a US DOT or MC/MX (ICC) Number plus a State Number. HIERARCHY: When Identification Numbers are available from more than one Source (Issuing Authority), it is most important to code the US DOT number then the MC/MX (ICC) number if one is available. It is next most important to code the Mexican or Canadian issued number. Finally, State-issued numbers should be coded. 57 (US DOT NUMBERS): US DOT is used in “Issuing Authority” if a US DOT Number or a State Number and US DOT Number are recorded on the PAR or Supplement. Enter the US DOT Number in “Identification Number.” • US DOT Numbers are in the process of being assigned to Intrastate motor carriers in a number of states. These should include the issuing state’s two-character abbreviation on the end; e.g., US DOT 123456XX (where “XX” is the State abbreviation). See example of proper coding in Figure 11. 58 (MC/MX (ICC) NUMBERS): MC/MX (ICC) is used in “Issuing Authority” if an MC/MX (ICC) Number or a State Number and an MC/MX (ICC) Number are recorded on the PAR or Supplement. Enter the MC/MX (ICC) Number in “Identification Number.” STATE NUMBERS: If only a State Number is recorded on the PAR or Supplement, then code the appropriate FARS State Code in “Issuing Authority” and enter the State Number in “Identification Number.” State Numbers are issued by a public utility commission, a public service commission, or some other state agency, to vehicles that operate either in interstate commerce or only within that state. However, some states do not regulate the motor carrier industry. Trucks and buses that operate strictly within such states (i.e., intrastate) may not have numbers. CANADIAN/MEXICAN NUMBERS: Use attributes “95” or “96” in “Issuing Authority” if a Canadian or Mexican authority (respectively) has issued the only Carrier Identification Number recorded on the PAR or Supplement. 00/0s (Not Applicable) would apply when you would never expect this style of vehicle to have a Motor Carrier ID number (cars, motor homes, etc.). This vehicle would not appear on a truck supplement (supplemental truck elements on the PAR would be coded N/A). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 318 Motor Carrier Identification Number V17 88/8s (None) should be used when: • you could expect this type of vehicle to have an ID Number, but it is exempt because of its use or activity at the time of the crash (e.g. construction trucks or equipment); • this type of vehicle often does have a number (but vehicle is operated strictly intrastate and activity not regulated); or • the PAR/supplement states “No Number.” Note: In some states, school buses are exempt from requiring a Motor Carrier ID Number 99/9s (Unknown) is used if the investigating officer reported the motor carrier identification number as unknown or when the body type of the vehicle is unknown. Example: • An unidentified hit-and-run vehicle. 77/7s (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 77/7s (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). Note: For this element, Not Reported is used when you could expect this type of vehicle to have a Motor Carrier ID Number, but: • the PAR or truck supplement leaves the field blank; or • you don’t have a supplement or a field on the PAR (no further information given). FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: If your state uses separate Truck/Bus Supplements, you should seek help to get routine access to them, just as with your state’s PAR. Your state’s SAFETYNET representative may be able to provide a Motor Carrier Identification Number. Consistency Checks: Check IF (4N1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, (4N2P) (4N3P) (4N4P) (4N5P) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 00-000000000, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) equals 000000000, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 00-000000000, BODY TYPE does not equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 does not equal 2, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 00-000000000. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must equal 00. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Issuing Authority) must equal 00. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 92, 93, 99, or HM2 must equal 2. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must equal 00-000000000, 99-999999999. 319 Motor Carrier Identification Number Check (4N6P) IF MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 77-777777777, (4N7P) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) equals 888888888 or 777777777 or 999999999, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Issuing Authority) equals 01-58, 95, 96, (4NAP) (4NBP) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Issuing Authority) equals 01-58, 95, 96 (4NCP) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Issuing Authority) is 00 or 77 or 88 or 99, (U680) UNLIKELY: MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) equals 999999997. BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93, or HM1 equals 2, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 00, (V980) (V981) (V982) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 00-000000000, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V17 THEN BODY TYPE should equal 28, 45, 48-52, 55, 5864, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93, or HM1 should equal 2. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Issuing Authority) should be filled respectively as 88 or 77 or 99. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) should not equal 888888888, 777777777, 999999997, 999999999. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) must not equal 000000000. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (Identification Number) must be filled respectively as 000000000 or 777777777 or 88888888 or 999999999. -- MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 00-000000000. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER should equal 00-000000000. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00. 320 GVWR / GCWR V18 V18 – GVWR / GCWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating/ Gross Combination Weight Rating FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.GVWR, parkwork.PGVWR ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 8 9 Attributes Not Applicable 10,000 lbs. or less 10,001 lbs. - 26,000 lbs. 26,001 lbs. or more Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element identifies the gross vehicle weight rating of this vehicle when applicable. Remarks: Record the applicable weight range for a single vehicle’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) or combination vehicle’s Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR). It may appear as a numeric value or as a range of values like those displayed above. This information should be available on your Police Accident Report (PAR) or Truck and Bus Supplement with other elements required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) is the value specified by the manufacturer as the recommended maximum loaded weight of a single motor vehicle. Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) is the value specified by the manufacturer(s) as the recommended maximum loaded weight of a combination (articulated) motor vehicle. This is for truck tractors and single-unit trucks pulling a trailer(s). GCWR is the sum of the gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) of all units, power unit and its trailer(s). For Truck/Trailer Combinations: If your state records the GVWR of the power unit and trailer(s) in separate fields, be sure to add together the GVWRs of all the units when recording this element. 0 (Not Applicable) should be used for vehicles 10,000 lbs. or less, not displaying a hazardous materials placard, for buses less than 9 seats (including driver), and for all motor homes. 1 (10,000 lbs. or less) should be used for passenger cars and light trucks with 10,000 lbs. or less GVWR/GCWR when displaying a hazardous materials placard or for buses with 9 or more seats (including driver) with 10,000 lbs. GVWR or less. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 321 GVWR / GCWR V18 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 9 (Unknown) should be used when GVWR/GCWR information is reported as “Unknown” on your PAR or Truck/Bus Supplement and the VIN Decoder is unable to return a value. PROCEDURE FOR VERIFICATION OF GVWR/GCWR RANGE: The MDE provides VIN Decoder values for GVWR. This information is available under the Vehicle Information tab. NOTE: The VIN decoding only provides the GVWR of a single vehicle or the GVWR of the power unit in a combination unit motor vehicle. • For Truck/Trailer Combinations: 1. If the VIN return fits within the range provided on the PAR or Truck and Bus supplement, use that value. 2. If the VIN return falls below the range provided on the PAR or Truck and Bus Supplement, use the value provided on the crash report to account for the addition of the trailer’s GVWR. • If GVWR/GCWR information is unavailable or not reported on your PAR or Truck/Bus Supplement, and you have a valid VIN, utilize the information on the power unit provided by the VIN Decoder to code this element. Comparison of The VIN Decoder and Codes for GVWR/GCWR THE VIN DECODER (trucks only) FARS/CRSS CODES -0 – Not Applicable 6,000 lbs. or less 1 – 10,000 lbs. or less 6,001 – 10,000 lbs. “ 10,001 – 14,000 lbs. 2 – 10,001 – 26,000 lbs. 14,001 – 16,000 lbs. “ 16,001 – 19,500 lbs. “ 19,501 – 26,000 lbs. “ 26,001 – 33,000 lbs. 3 – 26,001 lbs. or more 33,001 lbs. or more “ Unknown 9 – Unknown NOTE: In FARS, prior to 2007, only the power unit was considered in recording the element Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Starting in 2007, the element was modified to allow Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) to be recorded for combination vehicles to match the nationally accepted reporting criteria for this element (FMCSA’s SAFETYNET and MMUCC). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 322 GVWR / GCWR V18 Use of GCWR instead of GVWR will only impact these vehicles: 1. Light trucks, 10,000 lbs. or less, pulling trailers (truck/trailers) (greater than 10,000 lbs. GCWR) 2. Single-unit trucks, less than 26,000 lbs., pulling trailers (truck/trailers) (greater than 26,000 lbs. GCWR) Consistency Checks: Check IF (U490) UNLIKELY: GVWR/GVCR equals 8 and VEHICLE MODEL YEAR is greater than 1980 and not equal to 9998 or 9999 and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 0s, 8s or 9s. (V502) GVWR/GCWR equals 0, and HM1 equals 1, (V503) GVWR/GCWR equals 1, (V504) (V505) (V506) (V507) (V50P) GVWR/GCWR equals 1, GVWR/GCWR equals 9, BODY TYPE equals 60, BODY TYPE equals 01-21, 28-30, 32-39, 45-49, BODY TYPE equals 61, 62, 67, 71, and VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 04, (V51P) BODY TYPE equals 63, 66, 72, (V532) (V64P) (V65P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, 02, 0408, 19, 21, BODY TYPE equals 42, 65, 73, and HM1 equals 1, CARGO BODY TYPE equals 01-12, 97-98, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal Not Reported or Unknown, BODY TYPE equals 50-59, 60-64, 66-72, 78, GVWR/GCWR equals 2, 3, (VA70) GVWR/GCWR equals 1, and HM2 equals 2, (V540) (V62P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN -- VEHICLE CONFIGURATION and CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 00. HM2 should equal 2, or VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20. BODY TYPE should equal 01-22, 28-39, 41-49. BODY TYPE should not equal 61-63, 66, 67. GVWR/GCWR should equal 2. GVWR/GCWR should equal 0, 1. GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 9. (See GVWR/GCWR Remarks on how to use VIN Decoder to determine GVWR.) GVWR/GCWR must equal 3. (See GVWR/GCWR Remarks on how to use VIN Decoder to determine GVWR.) GVWR/GCWR should not equal 0 or 1. GVWR/GCWR should equal 0. GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 3. GVWR/GCWR must not equal 0, 1. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE must not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must equal 10. 323 Vehicle Configuration V19 V19 - Vehicle Configuration FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.V_Config, Parkwork.PV_Config ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 10 01 02 04 05 06 07 08 19 20 21 99 Attributes Not Applicable Vehicle 10,000 pounds or less placarded for hazardous materials Single-Unit Truck (2-axle and GVWR more than 10,000 lbs.) Single-Unit Truck (3 or more axles) Truck Pulling Trailer(s) Truck Tractor (Bobtail) Truck Tractor/Semi-Trailer Truck Tractor/Double Truck Tractor/Triple Truck More Than 10,000 lbs., Cannot Classify Bus/Large Van (seats for 9-15 occupants, including driver) Bus (seats for more than 15 occupants, including driver) Unknown Definition: This element identifies the general configuration of this vehicle when applicable. Remarks: This information should be available on your PAR or Truck and Bus Supplement with other elements required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). In some states, the data element “Vehicle Configuration” or its attributes may appear under another title, such as: Unit Type, Vehicle Type, Type of Unit, etc. In many states, Vehicle Configuration is recorded for all vehicles. However, in our data systems, only code Vehicle Configurations for the following qualifying vehicles: 1. Light trucks pulling a trailer with gross combination weight rating (GCWR) greater than 10,000 lbs. 2. Medium/Heavy Vehicles with GVWR greater than 10,000 lbs. 3. Buses with 9 or more seats (including the driver). 4. Light Trucks, Vans and Passenger Vehicles displaying a hazardous materials placard. If Vehicle Configuration is coded “01-99,” Cargo Body Type should be coded “01-99.” 00 (Not Applicable) is used for automobiles, motorcycles, passenger vans (with less than 9 seats, including driver), and single-unit light trucks or cargo vans (10,000 lbs. or less GVWR), not carrying hazardous cargo. A light truck carrying hazardous cargo is coded 10 (Vehicle 10,000 Pounds or Less Placarded for Hazardous Materials). When vehicles in this category are not displaying a hazardous materials placard, use 00 (Not Applicable). 01 (Single-Unit Truck [2-axle and GVWR more than 10,000 lbs.]) is a power unit that includes a permanently mounted cargo body (also called a straight truck) that has only two axles and a GVWR of over 10,000 lbs. This also includes a single-unit truck towing other vehicles where the towed vehicle has at least two wheels on the ground. (See Cargo Body Type attribute 12 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle)). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 324 Vehicle Configuration V19 02 (Single-Unit Truck [3 or more axles]) is a power unit that includes a permanently mounted cargo body (also called a straight truck) that has three or more axles. When counting axles on a single-unit truck, include raised axles. This also includes a single-unit truck towing other vehicles where the towed vehicle has at least two wheels on the ground. (See Cargo Body Type attribute 12 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle)). 04 (Truck Pulling Trailer [s]) is used for single-unit trucks pulling a trailer. 05 (Truck Tractor [Bobtail]) is a motor vehicle consisting of a single motorized transport device designed primarily for pulling semi-trailers (e.g., cab only). These vehicles are sometimes referred to as a “bobtail.” This also includes truck tractors towing other truck tractors in a saddlemount towing position, or towing other vehicles where the towed vehicle has at least two wheels on the ground. (See Cargo Body Type attribute 12 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle)). 06 (Truck Tractor/Semi-Trailer) is used for truck tractors with one trailer. This attribute should not be used for single-unit trucks pulling a trailer. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: NOTE: This attribute was used for truck tractors with any number of trailers before 2001. 07 (Truck Tractor/Double) is used for tractor pulling two trailers. 08 (Truck Tractor/Triple) is used for tractor pulling three trailers. 19 (Truck More Than 10,000 lbs., Cannot Classify) is used when you know the vehicle meets the definition of a medium/heavy truck by GVWR/GCWR, but you cannot select from the above attributes. An example is a vehicle with one trailer, but it is unknown whether it is a tractor-trailer or a single-unit truck pulling a trailer. Other examples would include construction vehicles such as a bulldozer, crane, backhoe, etc. 20 (Bus/Large Van [seats for 9-15 people, including driver]) is used for smaller van-based buses (less than 16 seats, including driver). Examples include commuter vans and van-based school buses. 21 (Bus [seats for more than 15 occupants, including driver]). A van-based bus qualifies for this attribute if it is configured to include enough seats. A CDL is required for the driver of this bus. 99 (Unknown) is used if the investigating officer indicates that the vehicle configuration is unknown or when the body type of the vehicle is unknown. For example, an unidentified hit-and-run vehicle would be coded as 99 (Unknown). Consistency Checks: Check IF (4N1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, (4N2P) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 00-000000000, (AB1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, (AD0P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 04, 0608, (AE0P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05 and CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 12, (AE1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05-08, (AF1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 20, (AF2P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 20, 21, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 00-000000000. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must equal 00. CARGO BODY TYPE must NOT equal 22. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 0. BODY TYPE must equal 66. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 22. BODY TYPE must equal 20, 21, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. 325 Vehicle Configuration Check (AH0P) IF VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, 99, (D280) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05-08, 21, or HM1 equals 2, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 21, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 21, GVWR/GCWR equals 0, and HM1 equals 1, GVWR/GCWR equals 1, (D450) (V46P) (V470) (V47P) (V502) (V503) (V50P) (V531) (V532) BODY TYPE equals 61, 62, 67, 71, and VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 04, BUS USE equals 01, 04-07, 98, (V56P) (V57P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, 02, 04-08, 19, 21, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 10, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05, (V58P) (V59P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 04, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 06, (V60P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 07, (V61P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 08, (V640) (V65P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, 99, GVWR/GCWR equals 2, 3, (V790) BODY TYPE equals 20, (V800) BODY TYPE equals 21, 22, 28, 29, (V810) (V840) BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, BODY TYPE equals 50-59, (V850) BODY TYPE equals 60, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V19 THEN BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 21, 28, 31, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 05-08, 21, and HM2 should not equal 2. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. CARGO BODY TYPE should be 01-05, 07, 12, 96-98. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 22. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION and CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 00. HM2 should equal 2, or VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20. GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 9. (See GVWR/GCWR Remarks on how to use VIN Decoder to determine GVWR.) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20, 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. GVWR/GCWR should not equal 0 or 1. BODY TYPE must equal 01-22, 28-49. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 12, 96, and BODY TYPE must equal 66. BODY TYPE must not equal 66. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 1. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 2. BODY TYPE must equal 66, and VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 3. BODY TYPE should not equal 28, 30, 42, 45, 48, 49. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 00 and CARGO BODY TYPE must not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, 04, 10, 20, 21, 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00, 01, 22, 99. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01, 03, 04, 09. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 03, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01. 326 Vehicle Configuration Check (V860) IF HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 61-64, (V870) BODY TYPE equals 65, (V880) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, (V890) BODY TYPE equals 71, 72, (V900) BODY TYPE equals 73, (V910) BODY TYPE equals 78, (V915) BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, BODY TYPE equals 79, (V920) (V930) (V940) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 00, or CARGO BODY TYPE equals 00, HM1 equals 2, (V981) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 00, (V982) (V985) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 00-000000000, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 5, (V991) (V992) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1, (V993) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 2, (V994) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 3, (V995) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 4, (V997) (V998) VEHICLE TRAILING equals 6, VEHICLE TRAILING equals 9, (VA70) GVWR/GCWR equals 1, and HM2 equals 2, UNIT TYPE equals 4, (VH75) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V19 THEN VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 02, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-10, 12, 9698. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 05-08, 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 06-12, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 08, 10, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 97. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 99. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-64, 66-72, 78, 79. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00, 99 and CARGO BODY TYPE should not equal 00, 99. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER should equal 00-000000000. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00, 10, 19-21. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04, 06-08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05, 07 or 08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 05, 06 or 08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 0507. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 01, 02, 0508. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04, 06-08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 04-07 or 08. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must equal 10. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 05, 20, 21, 10. 327 Cargo Body Type V20 V20 - Cargo Body Type FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.CARGO_BT, Parkwork.PCARGTYP ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 22 96 97 98 99 Attributes Not Applicable (N/A) Van/Enclosed Box Cargo Tank Flatbed Dump Concrete Mixer Auto Transporter Garbage/Refuse Grain/Chips/Gravel Pole-Trailer Log Intermodal Container Chassis Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle Bus No Cargo Body Type Other Unknown Cargo Body Type Unknown Definition: This element identifies the primary cargo carrying capability of this vehicle when applicable. Remarks: This information should be available on the PAR or Truck and Bus Supplement with other elements required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). You should expect to find cargo body types for the following qualifying vehicles: 1. Light trucks pulling a trailer with gross combination weight rating (GCWR) greater than 10,000 lbs. 2. Medium/Heavy Trucks: vehicles with GVWR greater than 10,000 lbs. 3. Buses with 9 or more seats (including the driver). 4. Light Trucks, Vans and Passenger Vehicles displaying a hazardous materials placard. 00 (Not Applicable [N/A]) is used for automobiles, motorcycles, passenger vans (with less than 9 seats, including driver) and single-unit small trucks or vans (10,000 lbs. or less GVWR), not displaying hazardous material placard. 01 (Van/Enclosed Box) is used for all enclosed trailers and enclosed cargo vans. 03 (Flatbed) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body without sides or roof, with or without readily removable stakes which may be tied together with chains/slats or panels. This includes “stake trucks.” 04 (Dump) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body designed to be tilted to discharge its load by gravity. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 328 Cargo Body Type V20 06 (Auto Transporter) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body capable of transporting multiple, fully assembled automobiles on an “auto transporter” trailer. Do not use this code for flatbeds transporting vehicles (e.g., flatbed tow truck, or flatbed semi-trailer carrying wrecked/salvaged automobiles). 07 (Garbage/Refuse) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body that is specifically designed to collect and transport garbage and refuse. This includes both conventional rear-loading and over-the-top bucket loading garbage trucks. Also included are recycle trucks and roll-off style garbage trucks. 08 (Grain/Chips/Gravel) is used when the available information refers to trucks that discharge their loads by gravity from the bottom (i.e., belly dump). 09 (Pole-Trailer) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body type that consists of a trailer designed to be attached to a towing vehicle by a reach or pole or by being boomed and secured to the towing vehicle. These are ordinarily used to carry property of a long or irregular shape, such as telephone poles. The pole trailer extends or retracts to accommodate varying lengths of cargo. 10 (Log) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body type with a fixed middle beam and side support posts specifically designed for carrying logs. This includes single-unit log trucks. 09 (Pole-Trailer) and 10 (Log) may be listed on a PAR as “Pole/Log”. If the trailer can telescope to carry different log lengths, then it should be considered a 09 (Pole-Trailer). 11 (Intermodal Container Chassis) is used when the available information refers to a cargo body type used for a trailer specifically designed to have a rail or ship container mounted directly on the chassis. These should not be confused with van/enclosed box cargo body types. Intermodal containers may also be mounted on a flatbed trailer, in which case 03 (Flatbed) is the cargo body type. 12 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle) is used when the available information refers to vehicles that have no cargo carrying capability but are in the act of towing another motor vehicle where the towed vehicle has at least two wheels on the ground. These are often called “drive-away, tow-aways” and will be applicable to tow trucks and specially rigged truck tractors. This includes “saddlemount” configurations. Does not apply to vehicles “towed” by being loaded on a flatbed or auto transporter. 22 (Bus) is a motor vehicle with seating for transporting nine or more persons, including the driver. 96 (No Cargo Body Type) is used for any medium heavy truck with no cargo carrying capability (bobtail); a truck chassis with a cab only (stripped chassis); and light trucks and passenger vehicles displaying a hazardous materials placard. Other examples of 96 (No Cargo Body Type) would be Sign Trucks, Fire Trucks, Tow Trucks, Construction Vehicle, etc. 97 (Other) is used when the cargo body type is other than the body types listed above. This includes 2-axle, 6tire pickups greater than 10,000 lbs. without a trailer. This does not include a pickup pulling a trailer (truck/trailer). Use the Cargo Body Type of the attached trailer in these situations. This attribute previously included “log trucks” which are now recorded under 10 (Log). 98 (Unknown Cargo Body Type) is used when the vehicle qualifies for this data element but the cargo body type is not known or when there is not enough information to distinguish one cargo body type from another. An example would be contradictory data on whether the truck is a van/enclosed box or a flatbed. 99 (Unknown) is used when the investigating officer indicates it was unknown as to cargo body type or when the body type of the vehicle is unknown. For example, an unidentified hit-and-run vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 329 Cargo Body Type V20 NOTE: For truck/trailer vehicle configurations where the power unit and trailer have different cargo body types, code the cargo body type of the power unit. For example, a dump truck pulling a flatbed trailer should be coded as 04 (Dump). For truck/trailer vehicle configurations where the power unit’s Cargo Body Type would be coded 96 (No Cargo Body Type) or 97 (Other), code the cargo body of the trailer. For example: a dual-rear-wheel pickup truck pulling a flatbed trailer should be coded as 03 (Flatbed). FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Prior to 2007, 12 (Vehicle Towing Another Motor Vehicle) was recorded as code “96 – No Cargo Body”. Consistency Checks: Check IF (AB1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, (AE0P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05, and CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 12, (AF1P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 20, (AK00) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 22, 96, (AL0P) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 22, (AM0P) CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 00, 99, (V470) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 01, (V47P) (V502) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 21, GVWR/GCWR equals 0, and HM1 equals 1, (V531) BUS USE equals 01, 04-07, 98, (V57P) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05, (V62P) (V65P) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 01-12, 97-98, and VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal Not Reported or Unknown, GVWR/GCWR equals 2, 3, (V660) CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 00, 99, (V68P) (V790) CARGO BODY TYPE equals 12, BODY TYPE equals 20, (V800) BODY TYPE equals 21, 22, 28, 29, (V810) BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 1-4, BODY TYPE equals 50-59, (V840) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN CARGO BODY TYPE must NOT equal 22. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 0. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 22. JACKKNIFE should equal 0. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 21, 28, 31, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. CARGO BODY TYPE should be 01-05, 07, 12, 9698. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 22. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION and CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20, 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 12, 96, and BODY TYPE must equal 66. GVWR/GCWR must equal 2, 3. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must not equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE must not equal 00. BODY TYPE should not equal 28, 30, 42, 45, 48, 49. VEHICLE TRAILING must equal 5. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, 04, 10, 20, 21, 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00, 01, 22, 99. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01, 03, 04, 09. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. 330 Cargo Body Type Check (V850) V20 IF BODY TYPE equals 60, (V860) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 61-64, (V870) BODY TYPE equals 65, (V880) HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and BODY TYPE equals 66, (V890) BODY TYPE equals 71, 72, (V900) BODY TYPE equals 73, (V910) BODY TYPE equals 78, (V915) BODY TYPE equals 67, and VEHICLE TRAILING equals 0, BODY TYPE equals 79, (V920) (V930) (V940) VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 00, or CARGO BODY TYPE equals 00, HM1 equals 2, (VH80) UNIT TYPE equals 4, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 03, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, 02, 04, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-10, 12, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 05-08, 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 06-12, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 01-04, 08, 10, 96-98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 00, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 19, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 98. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 01, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 97. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 99, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 99. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-64, 66-72, 78, 79. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00, 99 and CARGO BODY TYPE should not equal 00, 99. CARGO BODY TYPE should not equal 06, 07, 11, 12, 22. 331 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard V21 V21 - Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard FORMAT: 1 set, 1 numeric; 1 set, 1 numeric; 1 set, 4 numeric; 1 set, 2 numeric; 1 set, 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.HAZ_INV, Vehicle.HAZ_PLAC, Vehicle.HAZ_ID, Vehicle.HAZ_CNO, Vehicle.HAZ_REL, Parkwork.PHAZ_INV, Parkwork.PHAZPLAC, Parkwork.PHAZ_ID, Parkwork.PHAZ_CNO, Parkwork.PHAZ_REL ELEMENT VALUES: HM1: Hazardous Materials Involvement Codes Attributes 1 No 2 Yes HM2: Placard (Did This Motor Vehicle Display a Hazardous Material (HM) Placard?) Codes Attributes 0 Not Applicable 1 No 2 Yes 8 Not Reported HM3: 4-digit Hazardous Material Identification Number Codes Attributes 0000 Not Applicable Actual 4-digit number except 8888 Not Reported HM4: 2-digit Hazardous Material Class Number Codes Attributes 00 Not Applicable 01-09 Actual 1-digit number (with leading zero) 88 Not Reported HM5: Release of Hazardous Material from the Cargo Compartment Codes Attributes 0 Not Applicable 1 No 2 Yes 8 Not Reported Definition: This element identifies the presence of hazardous cargo for this vehicle and records information about the hazardous cargo when present. Remarks: This element must be coded for all vehicles. Placard and Hazardous Materials Released information should be available on your PAR or Truck and Bus Supplement with other elements required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) for commercial vehicles. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 332 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard V21 Hazardous Material is a substance or material which has been designated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, or other authorizing entity, as capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property when transported in commerce. Any motor vehicle transporting hazardous materials in quantities above the thresholds established by the U.S. Department of Transportation, or other authorized entity is required to display a hazardous materials placard. Exclusions: • Fuel or oil carried by the vehicle for its own use. Hazardous Materials Placard: is a sign required to be affixed to any motor vehicle transporting hazardous materials in quantities above the thresholds established by the U.S. Department of Transportation, or other authorized entity. This placard identifies the 1-digit hazard class division number; 4-digit hazardous material identification number or name of the hazardous material being transported. Vehicle transporting hazardous materials should have a diamond-shaped placard affixed indicating the material carried. (See Figure 12below.) HM1– Hazardous Materials Involvement Definition: This element indicates whether the vehicle was carrying hazardous materials - involvement. 1 (No) is used when there is no indication of hazardous materials for this vehicle in the case materials. For cases involving a hit and run, the default is “1 -No” when no details are reported regarding the hit and run vehicle. If HM1 is 1 (No), HM2-HM5 will be coded Not Applicable. 2 (Yes) is used when hazardous materials were indicated for this vehicle in the case materials. Examples for code 2 (Yes): 1. The officer records any information about a placard, whether or not he indicates that the vehicle was carrying hazardous materials. 2. The officer does not record any information about a placard, however, you know that hazardous material was involved. 3. Information identifying hazardous material is blank, but you know that hazardous material was released. HM2 – Hazardous Materials Placard Definition: This element indicates the presence of hazardous materials and whether the vehicle displayed a hazardous materials placard. 0 (Not Applicable) is used when there is no indication of hazardous materials for this vehicle in the case materials (HM1 equals 1 (No)). 1 (No) is used when hazardous materials are involved, but the officer indicates there was no placard. 2 (Yes) is used when hazardous materials are involved, and the vehicle does have a placard. 8 (Not Reported) is used when hazardous materials are involved, but the crash report does not record any information about the presence of a placard. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 333 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard V21 HM3 – 4-Digit Hazardous Materials Identification Number Definition: This element indicates the 4-digit identification number. 0000 (Not Applicable) – No indication of hazardous materials for this vehicle in the case materials (HM1 equals 1 (No)). Actual 4-digit Number – Record the 4-digit Hazardous Materials Identification Number reported in the case materials. 8888 (Not Reported) – Hazardous materials involved, but the 4-digit number was not recorded or this field is not available on your crash report. If you are provided the name of the hazardous material on your report but not the 4-digit number, use this attribute and be sure to record the 1-digit class number if it is provided. HM4 – 2-Digit Hazardous Materials Class Number Definition: This element indicates the single-digit hazardous material class number for the vehicle. 00 (Not Applicable) – No indication of hazardous materials for this vehicle in the case materials (HM1 equals 1 (No)). Actual 2-digit Class Number (01-09) – Record the 1-digit Hazardous Materials Class Number recorded on your crash report with a leading zero (e.g., if the 1-digit class number is 5, enter “05”). If you were given a two-digit number with decimal point, record only the first digit with a leading zero (e.g., if the class number is “1.3” you should record “01”). See Figure 12. 88 (Not Reported) – Hazardous Materials involved, but the 1-digit number was not recorded or this field is not available in the crash materials. HM5 – Release of Hazardous Materials from Cargo Compartment Definition: This element indicates whether or not any hazardous cargo was released from the cargo tank or compartment. 0 (Not Applicable) – No indication of hazardous materials for this vehicle in the case materials (HM1 equals 1 (No)). 1 (No) – Hazardous Materials involved, and the officer indicates there was no release of the material(s) from the cargo compartment. 2 (Yes) – Hazardous Materials involved, and the officer indicates there was a release of the material(s) from the cargo compartment. 8 (Not Reported) – Hazardous Materials involved, and you can’t determine from the crash materials whether or not hazardous material was released from the cargo compartment. Do not include fuel or oil carried by the vehicle for its own use which has been released. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 334 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard V21 Guideline for recording multiple hazardous materials: • If the case has a hazmat spill and you know which material was released always record that material. • If you were to get two hazardous materials reported of different classes (1-9), report the material from DOT Hazmat Table 1 and its associated 4-digit UN number over materials in Table 2. Table 1 includes Hazard Class or Divisions: 1.1, 1.2. 1.3, 2.3, 4.3, 5.2, 6.1, 7. • If you have two materials of the same class (e.g. both class 8 - Corrosive) report the material in greatest quantity if you have the information, if not report the material that is listed first on the report. Examples of Hazardous Materials are: Any transport vehicle containing any quantity of the following classes of material must be placarded: • Explosives (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) • Poison Gas • Materials Dangerous When Wet • Poison • Radioactive Any transport vehicle containing over 1,001 lbs. or more (gross weight) of the following classes of materials must be placarded: • Explosives (1.4, 1.5, 1.6) • Flammable and Non Flammable Gas • Flammable/Combustible Liquid (gasoline, fuel oil) • Flammable Solid/Spontaneously Combustible • Oxidizer/Organic Peroxide • Poison • Radioactive • Corrosive • Other (A material which presents a hazard during transportation which is not included in any other hazard class) FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Beginning 2007, this element replaced the element “Hazardous Cargo”. Figure 12: Nine Classes of Hazardous Materials 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 335 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard Consistency Checks: Check IF (4N4P) MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER does not equal 00-000000000, (4N5P) (4N6P) (4S1P) (9K0P) (AH0P) (AM0P) (D270) (D280) (D300) (D310) (D440) (D450) (D580) (V070) (V090) (V502) (V503) (V540) (V570) (V580) BODY TYPE does not equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 does not equal 2, MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER equals 77-777777777, V21 THEN BODY TYPE must equal 21, 28, 31, 40, 45, 4852, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 92, 93, 99, or HM2 must equal 2. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must equal 00-000000000, 99-999999999. BODY TYPE should equal 28, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93, or HM1 should equal 2. BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89 and HM1 COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS does not equal 1, MUST equal 0. HM2 equals 2, REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION does not equal 00, BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 21, 28, 31, 99, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. CARGO BODY TYPE does not equal 00, 99, BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 21, 28, 31, 40, 41, 45, 48-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 92, 93, or HM2 must equal 2. BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 63, 66, 72, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE HM1 equals 2, STATUS should not equal 00. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05-08, 21, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE or HM1 equals 2, STATUS should not equal 00. HM2 equals 2, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00 or 99. HM2 equals 2, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should equal 1-3. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE BODY TYPE should not equal 50-52, 55, 63, STATUS equals 00, 66, 72, and HM2 should not equal 2. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal STATUS equals 00, 05-08, 21, and HM2 should not equal 2. VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 85, HM1 should equal 2. HM1 equals 2, REGISTRATION STATE should not equal 92. HM1 equals 2, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should equal 06, 99. GVWR/GCWR equals 0, and HM1 equals 1, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION and CARGO BODY TYPE must equal 00. GVWR/GCWR equals 1, HM2 should equal 2, or VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20. BODY TYPE equals 42, 65, 73, and HM1 equals GVWR/GCWR should equal 0. 1, HM1 equals 2, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 0, 1, 2, 4. HM1 equals 2, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 336 Hazardous Materials Involvement / Placard Check (V940) (V980) IF HM1 equals 2, (VA00) BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 93, or HM1 equals 2, HM1 equals 1, (VA10) HM1 equals 2, (VA20) any of HM2, HM5 equals 0, or HM4 equals 00 or HM3 equals 0000, any of HM2, HM5 does not equal 0, or HM4 does not equal 00, or HM3 does not equal 0000, HM5 equals 2, (VA30) (VA40) (VA50) (VA60) (VA70) (VA80) HM3 equals 8888, and HM4 equals 88, HM3 does not equal 0000, 8888, or HM4 does not equal 00, 88, GVWR/GCWR equals 1, and HM2 equals 2, HM3 – 4-Digit Hazardous Materials Identification Number must contain 4 digits. Consistency Checks (FARS Only) Check IF (V100) HM1 equals 2, and RELATED FACTORSDRIVER LEVEL does not equal 19, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V21 THEN VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 00, 99 and CARGO BODY TYPE should not equal 00, 99. MOTOR CARRIER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER must not equal 00-000000000. HM2, HM5 must equal 0, HM4 must equal 00 and HM3 must equal 0000. HM2, HM5 must not equal 0, HM4 must not equal 00 and HM3 must not equal 0000. HM1 must equal 1. HM1 must equal 2. HM3 should not equal 8888, or HM4 should not equal 88. HM5 should not equal 2. HM2 should equal 2. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION must equal 10. -- THEN COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 01, 02, 05. 337 Bus Use V22 V22 - Bus Use FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Bus_Use, Parkwork.PBus_Use ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 04 05 06 07 08 98 99 Attributes Not a Bus School Intercity Charter/Tour Transit/ Commuter Shuttle Modified for Personal/Private Use Not Reported Unknown Definition: This data element describes the common type of bus service this vehicle was being used for at the time of the crash or the primary use for the bus if not in service at the time of the crash. Remarks: Buses are any motor vehicle with seats to transport nine (9) or more people, including the driver’s seat. This element does not include vans that are owned and operated for personal use. 00 (Not a Bus) This should be used for vehicles with less than nine (9) seats (including the driver) and personaluse vans with nine (9) or more seats (including the driver) and also for vehicles that do not have a bus body type AND are not being used as a bus in the crash. 01 (School) is used for vehicles that meet the definition of a bus and are being used by a public or private school or district or contracted carrier operation on behalf of the entity, providing transport for school children (up to the 12th grade) to/from school (public or private) or any other school function or activity. In most cases, the decision to use this code will be based on a reference to the vehicle as a school bus in the case materials. In this situation, assume the criteria are met unless it is otherwise stated in the case materials. In addition, School includes buses that are not externally identifiable as a school/pupil transport vehicle. (For example, a transit bus, at the time of the crash, used exclusively [no other passengers except students] to transport students to/from the school or school-related activity.) 04 (Intercity) is used when a company provides for-hire, long-distance passenger transportation between cities over fixed routes with regular schedules (for example; Greyhound bus service between major cities). 05 (Charter/Tour) is used when a company provides transportation on a for-hire basis and demand-response basis, usually round-trip service for a tour group or outing. 06 (Transit/Commuter) is used for a government entity or private company which provides passenger transportation over fixed, scheduled routes, within primarily urban geographical areas. (For example; inner-city mass transit bus/van service.) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 338 Bus Use V22 07 (Shuttle) is used when private companies provide transportation services for their own employees, nongovernmental organizations (such as churches and non-profit groups), and non-educational units of government (such as departments of corrections). (Examples include buses/nine-passenger vans transporting people from airports, hotels, rental car companies, and business facility to facility.) 08 (Modified for Personal/Private Use) is used when a bus body type has been modified for personal or private use. For example, a bus with seats removed and exterior altered to allow for personal/private hauling of cargo (instead of passengers). Also includes musical groups in cross-country bus with interior remodeled with homelike conveniences. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used if the information about this vehicle is reported as Unknown (e.g., an unidentified hit-andrun vehicle). Note: if the investigating officer indicates a bus was involved but not how it was being used, use 98 (Not Reported). Consistency Checks: Check IF (AH1P) BUS USE equals 08, (AH2P) BUS USE equals 06, (V051) BUS USE equals 01, (V052) BUS USE equals 04, (V053) BUS USE equals 05, (V054) BUS USE equals 07, (V055) BUS USE equals 00, (V056) SPECIAL USE equals 02, (V057) SPECIAL USE equals 03, (V059) BUS USE equals 01, (V061) BUS USE equals 04-07, (V330) SCHOOL BUS RELATED equals 1, (V531) BUS USE equals 01, 04-07, 98, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE must equal 21, 22, 28, 29, 50-59. BODY TYPE should equal 21 or 52 or 55. BODY TYPE should equal 21 or 50 or 55. BODY TYPE should equal 51. BODY TYPE should equal 12, 16, 21, 51, 55 or 58. BODY TYPE should equal 21, 22, 29, 50-59. BODY TYPE must not equal 50-59. BUS USE should equal 01. BUS USE should equal 04-07, 99. SPECIAL USE must equal 02. SPECIAL USE must equal 03. BODY TYPE of at least one of the involved vehicles should equal 50 (School Bus), or SPECIAL USE for at least one involved vehicle should equal 02 - Vehicle Used as School Bus, and BUS USE for at least one vehicle should equal 01. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should equal 20, 21, and CARGO BODY TYPE should equal 22. 339 Special Use V23 V23 - Special Use FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Spec_Use, Person.Spec_Use, Parkwork.PSP_USE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 13 98 99 Attributes No Special Use Taxi Vehicle Used for School Transport Vehicle Used as Other Bus Military Police Ambulance Fire Truck Non-Transport Emergency Services Vehicle Incident Response Not Reported Unknown Definition: This data element identifies if a special use is applicable to this vehicle at the time it was involved in the crash. Remarks: This data element identifies any special use associated with this motor vehicle at the time of the crash. The special function served by this motor vehicle should be coded regardless of whether the function is marked on the vehicle. 00 (No Special Use) is used when the available information does not indicate or imply that this vehicle was applicable to any of the special uses listed above. 01 (Taxi) is used when this vehicle was being used during this trip (at the time of the crash) on a “fee-for-hire” basis to transport persons. Most of these vehicles will be marked and formally registered as taxis; however, vehicles which are used as taxis, even though they are not registered (e.g., Gypsy Cabs), are included here. Passengers do not have to be present at the time of the crash. Taxis and drivers which are off-duty at the time of the crash are coded as 00 (No Special Use). If it is unknown whether or not the taxi is on-duty, code as 01 (Taxi). This attribute also applies for limousines on a “fee-for-hire” basis. 02 (Vehicle Used for School Transport) is used for any motor vehicle that satisfies all the following criteria: • operated, leased, owned, or contracted by a public or private school-type institution; • where the institution’s students may range from pre-school through high school; • whose occupants, if any, are associated with the institution; and, • at the time of the crash the vehicle is being used for transportation to and from a school or on a schoolsponsored activity or trip Note: This attribute also includes vehicles which are not externally identifiable as a school/pupil transport vehicle, but do meet all of the other criteria above. (For example, a transit bus, at the time of the crash, used exclusively [no other passengers except students] to transport students to/from the school or school-related activity). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 340 Special Use V23 In most cases, the decision to use this attribute will be based on a reference to the vehicle as a school bus in the available information. In this situation, assume the criteria are met unless it is otherwise stated in the available information. 03 (Vehicle Used as Other Bus) is used when a motor vehicle is designed for transporting nine or more persons including the driver and does not satisfy the above “school bus” criteria. For example, BODY TYPE code “School Bus” transporting senior citizens to an activity. 04 (Military) is used for any vehicle which is owned by any of the Armed Forces regardless of body type. This attribute includes: • military police vehicles; • military ambulances; • military hearses; and • military fire vehicles. 05 (Police) is a vehicle equipped with police emergency devices (lights and siren) that is owned or subsidized by any local, county, State or Federal government entity. The police vehicle is presumed to be in special use at all times, although not necessarily in “emergency use.” Vehicles not owned by a government entity that are used by law enforcement officers (e.g., undercover) are excluded. 06 (Ambulance) is used for any readily identifiable (lights or markings) vehicles designed to transport sick or injured persons. The ambulance is presumed to be in special use at all times, although not necessarily in “emergency use.” 07 (Fire Truck) is used for any readily identifiable (lights or markings) vehicles specially designed and equipped to respond to fire, hazmat, medical, and extrication incidents. This attribute includes medium and heavy vehicles such as engines, pumpers, ladder, platform aerial apparatus, heavy rescue vehicles, water tenders or tankers, brush or wilderness firefighting vehicles, etc. 08 (Non-Transport Emergency Services Vehicle) is used for any readily identified (lights and markings) vehicles that do not meet the criteria for 06 (Ambulance), 07 (Fire Truck), or 13 (Incident Response) and are specifically designed and equipped to respond to fire, hazmat, medical and extrication incidents. This attribute includes light vehicles such as sedans, van, SUVs, pickups, trucks, motorcycles, etc. This attribute includes vehicles that have been dispatched to an incident or have initiated operation in a non-emergency mode and are not transporting passengers, such as patients or suspects. An example of a Non-Transport Emergency Services vehicle is a fire chief’s unit, commonly an SUV. 13 (Incident Response) is used for Government vehicles typically equipped with a variety of tools, emergency medical equipment, traffic cones and control signs, absorbent material (for responding to spills), emergency and work lighting. These multi-purpose response units are intended to assist law enforcement, fire and rescue personnel with trafficway incident management. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 341 Special Use V23 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown) is used if the investigating officer reported special use as unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 01, (1D0Q) SPECIAL USE equals 00-03, (2D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 02, (3A0P) SPECIAL USE equals 07, (3D0P) (4A0P) (4D0P) SPECIAL USE for any vehicle equals 02, BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, SPECIAL USE equals 03, (5D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 04, (5M0G) (6D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 06, and PERSON TYPE equals 02 or 09, SPECIAL USE equals 05, (7D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 06, (8D0P) SPECIAL USE equals 08, (AR0P) SPECIAL USE equals 04, (U050) (U080) (U420) (V056) (V057) (V058) UNLIKELY: SPECIAL USE equals 04, 08. BODY TYPE does not equal 21, 28, 29, 50-59, UNLIKELY: SPECIAL USE equals 98. SPECIAL USE equals 02, SPECIAL USE equals 03, EMERGENCY MOTOR VEHICLE USE equals 26, BUS USE equals 01, SPECIAL USE equals 04, BUS USE equals 04-07, (V059) (V060) (V061) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE must equal 02-09, 12, 14-21, 28, 29, 49, 99. EMERGENCY MOTOR VEHICLE USE must equal 0. BODY TYPE should equal 15, 16, 19-21, 28, 29, 45, 48, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. BODY TYPE must equal 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 99. SCHOOL BUS RELATED must equal 1. SPECIAL USE must not equal 01-03, 06, 07. BODY TYPE must equal 21, 28, 29, 50-52, 55, 58, 59. BODY TYPE must equal 01-12, 15-17, 19-22, 2833, 39-41, 45, 48-50, 55, 58, 59, 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 90, 99. RELATED FACTORS - PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL should equal 86 or 92. BODY TYPE must equal 01-12, 14-17, 19-22, 2833, 39-41, 45, 48, 49, 55, 58-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78-82, 88-91, 94, 95, 97-99. BODY TYPE must equal 11, 14-17, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29, 40, 41, 45, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64, 79, 98, 99. BODY TYPE must not equal 60-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 99. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must not equal 0, 1, 2, 4. -UNLIKELY: SPECIAL USE equals 02 or 03. -BUS USE should equal 01. BUS USE should equal 04-07, 99. SPECIAL USE should equal 04-08, 13. SPECIAL USE must equal 02. REGISTRATION STATE should equal 94. SPECIAL USE must equal 03. 342 Special Use V23 Check (V330) IF SCHOOL BUS RELATED equals 1, (V560) SPECIAL USE equals 04, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN BODY TYPE of at least one of the involved vehicles should equal 50 (School Bus), or SPECIAL USE for at least one involved vehicle should equal 02 - Vehicle Used as School Bus, and BUS USE for at least one vehicle should equal 01. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3, and REGISTRATION STATE should equal 94. 343 Emergency Motor Vehicle Use V24 V24 - Emergency Motor Vehicle Use FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.EMER_USE, Person.EMER_USE, Parkwork.PEM_USE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Attributes Not Applicable Non-Emergency, Non-Transport Non-Emergency Transport Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment Not in Use Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment in Use Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment in Use Unknown Not Reported Unknown Definition: Emergency Motor Vehicle Use indicates operation of any motor vehicle that is legally authorized by a government authority to respond to emergencies with or without the use of emergency warning equipment, such as a police vehicle, fire truck, or ambulance while actually engaged in such response. Remarks: Emergency Use also refers to an official motor vehicle that is usually traveling with emergency signals in use while engaged in an emergency response; typically, red light blinking, siren sounding, etc. Services such as escorting a funeral procession or providing traffic control assistance at a work zone or for a motorcade or parade would not qualify as emergency uses. If Special Use is 04 (Military), 05 (Police), 06 (Ambulance), 07 (Fire Truck), 08 (Non-Transport, Emergency Services Vehicle), or 13 (Incident Response) then refer to the case materials to determine if the vehicle was on an emergency response (i.e., red lights flashing, siren sounding, on route to hospital, etc.) at the time of the crash. 0 (Not Applicable) is used when Special Use for this vehicle is coded 00 (No Special Use), 01 (Taxi), 02 (Vehicle Used as School Transport), or 03 (Vehicle Used as Other Bus). 2 (Non-Emergency, Non-Transport) is used when the authorized emergency vehicle has been dispatched to an incident or has initiated operation in a non-emergency mode and is not transporting passengers, such as patients or suspects. The emergency vehicle operator is not using emergency lighting, audible siren or emergency vehicle maneuvers. 3 (Non-Emergency Transport) is used when the authorized emergency vehicle has been dispatched to an incident or has initiated a transport-related operation in a non-emergency mode. The emergency vehicle operator is not using emergency lighting, audible siren or emergency vehicle maneuvers. Example: transport of a suspect from one location to another or inter-facility transport of a patient in an ambulance to a nursing home. 4 (Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment Not in Use) is used when the authorized emergency vehicle has been dispatched to an incident or has initiated an emergency operation and has no emergency lighting or audible siren in use. The emergency vehicle operator may be using emergency vehicle maneuvers as allowed under state law. Examples: a police car in the last mile approaching a bank robbery; transport of a patient in an ambulance for which lights and sirens are not used per protocol. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 344 Emergency Motor Vehicle Use V24 5 (Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment in Use) is used when the authorized emergency vehicle has been dispatched to an incident or has initiated an emergency operation and is using an audible siren and/or has illuminated its emergency lighting devices. The emergency vehicle operator is using or is prepared to use emergency vehicle maneuvers as allowed by state law. 6 (Emergency Operation, Emergency Warning Equipment in Use Unknown) is used when the authorized emergency vehicle has been dispatched to an incident or has initiated an emergency operation and it cannot be determined if it is using an audible siren and/or has illuminated its emergency lighting devices. 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). Examples: • The case materials are not clear as to whether the vehicle was on an emergency response. • The case materials are not clear as to whether the vehicle is legally authorized by a government authority to respond to emergencies. 9 (Unknown) is used if the investigating officer reported emergency use as unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1D0Q) SPECIAL USE equals 00-03, (PB44) PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 240, (V058) EMERGENCY MOTOR VEHICLE USE equals 2-6, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN EMERGENCY MOTOR VEHICLE USE must equal 0. EMERGENCY MOTOR VEHICLE USE should equal 2-6 for at least one vehicle. SPECIAL USE should equal 04-08, 13. 345 Travel Speed V25 V25 - Travel Speed FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.TRAV_SP ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 000 001-151 997 998 999 Attributes Stopped Motor Vehicle In-Transport Reported Speed Up to 151 MPH Greater than 151 MPH Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element records the speed the vehicle was traveling prior to the occurrence of the crash as reported by the investigating officer. Remarks: Code the Travel Speed as indicated by the investigating officer. Do not enter the Speed Limit. Do not use estimates by drivers or witnesses reported in the case materials. Travel Speed should be representative of the vehicle’s speed associated with the pre-event movement, prior to any avoidance maneuvers. If the police calculated a speed, please be aware that this may represent the impact speed which is not necessarily the travel speed. Code the nearest mph for this vehicle as reported on the case materials. Examples: Reported Speed Code 40.2mph 40 40.5mph 41 If the officer gives a range, code the median speed and, if necessary, round up to the next higher whole number. If the officer gives a minimum speed (e.g., “at least 55 mph” or “in excess of 60 mph”, then use that speed (e.g., code as “55” and “60” respectively). Examples: Reported Speed Code 40-50mph 45 45-50mph 48 000 (Stopped Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when this vehicle is stopped on the roadway. 998 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 998 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 346 Travel Speed V25 Examples: 1. the officer did not mention Travel Speed, or 2. did not indicate Travel Speed within a field in the case materials. 999 (Unknown) is used when the officer indicates that Travel Speed is unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (3B0P) JACKKNIFE equals 2, 3, (3B1P) CRASH TYPE equals 21-23, (A090) NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED is greater than 001, (A100) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT is not equal to 02, 04, 05, 10, 16, 18, (A240) LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) equals 01, and RELATION TO JUNCTION (a) equals 0, (AZA0) PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) equals 05 or 07, (VH70) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, (U060) UNLIKELY: TRAVEL SPEED should equal 98 or 99. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN TRAVEL SPEED must not equal 000. TRAVEL SPEED must equal 000 for this vehicle. there should be at least one vehicle with TRAVEL SPEED of 001-151, 997-999, or blanks. there should be one vehicle with TRAVEL SPEED of 001-151, 997-999, or blanks. TRAVEL SPEED should not equal 005-040 for any vehicle. TRAVEL SPEED must equal 000 for this vehicle. elements V15, V24, V31 must all be left blank. -- 347 Underride / Override – FARS Only V26 V26 - Underride/Override - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.UNDERIDE, Parkwork.PUNDERIDE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Attributes No Underride or Override Noted Underriding a Motor Vehicle In-Transport, Underride, Compartment Intrusion Underriding a Motor Vehicle In-Transport, Underride, No Compartment Intrusion Underriding a Motor Vehicle In-Transport, Underride, Compartment Intrusion Unknown Underriding a Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport, Underride, Compartment Intrusion Underriding a Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport, Underride, No Compartment Intrusion Underriding a Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport, Underride, Compartment Intrusion Unknown Overriding a Motor Vehicle In-Transport Overriding a Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport Unknown if Underride or Override Definition: This element indicates whether an underride or override occurred during the crash involving this vehicle. Remarks: Rationale: Needed to identify the magnitude of crashes in which an underride or override occurs to support NHTSA rulemaking activities and motor vehicle bumper compatibility research. NOTE: Prior to 2007, this element was limited to collisions involving a large vehicle (medium/heavy trucks) and a smaller body type (e.g., automobiles, utility vehicles, etc.). Beginning 2007, this element is open to all body types, excluding motorcycles, mopeds, ATVs, and snowmobiles. NOTE: Prior to 1994, coding of vehicle underrides and overrides was not captured as a separate element. It was included under Impact Points (clock point codes “15” and “16” [Underride and Override]). This change improved both the capture and detail relating to these events. For underrides and overrides, it is important to determine the vehicle performing the action. Two vehicles cannot be considered to underride and override simultaneously. In cases in which two vehicles collide “head-on” and one vehicle ends up under the other, you must determine whether an Underride or Override has occurred. An Underride refers to a vehicle sliding under another vehicle during a crash. The classic example is an automobile striking the rear end or the side of a tractor-trailer and coming to a stop under the trailer. In this example, the automobile is the underriding vehicle. We distinguish between those underriding vehicles with compartment intrusion versus those with no compartment intrusion. Compartment intrusion indicates a breach of the passenger compartment of this underriding (striking) vehicle. For example, damage to the windshield or glass area. No compartment intrusion means that the underridden vehicle (struck vehicle) did not directly enter the passenger compartment of this vehicle (for example, damage to the hood or front bumper). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 348 Underride / Override – FARS Only V26 It is possible for an auto to completely underride the trailer without stopping. Underride is not applicable to motorcycles or snowmobiles. An Override refers to a vehicle riding up over another (including a parked vehicle). A vehicle straddling a guardrail, for example, is not coded as an override. 0 (No Underride or Override Noted) is used when there is no indication in the case materials that this vehicle was involved in and underride or override as defined above. Underrides and Vehicles Under Other Vehicles Codes “1-3” are used when this vehicle underrides a motor vehicle in-transport (includes those in motion outside the trafficway). Codes “4-6” are used when this vehicle underrides a motor vehicle that is Not In-Transport. This includes parked/stopped off roadway motor vehicles, working motor vehicles (e.g., cherry picker, paint-striping truck). Compartment Intrusion Guidelines: To use Codes “1 or 4,” the PAR should indicate that the passenger compartment of the underriding (striking) vehicle has been damaged. Sources of this information can be the PAR narrative and/or the vehicle damage scale. If the top of the vehicle is damaged, as noted by the vehicle damage scale, Codes “1 or 4” would apply. Codes “2 and 5,” Underride, No Compartment Intrusion, are used when a portion of the vehicle is under another, and it is known that there is no passenger compartment intrusion. Codes “3 and 6” are used when it is unknown if there is passenger compartment intrusion. Overrides 7 (Overriding a Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when this vehicle overrides a motor vehicle in-transport (includes those in motion outside the trafficway). 8 (Overriding a Motor Vehicle Not In-Transport) is used when this vehicle overrides a motor vehicle not intransport. This includes parked/stopped off roadway motor vehicles, working motor vehicles (e.g. cherry picker, paint-striping truck). 9 (Unknown if Underride or Override) is used when an Underride or Override occurred but it cannot be determined which is appropriate. Consistency Checks: Check IF (431P) NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 1 and UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 18, 9 for one vehicle, (432P) NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 1, (6A1P) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-8, (9B3P) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 7, (9B4P) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 8, (9B5P) UNIT TYPE equals 2, 3, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE for the other vehicle must equal 0. UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE must equal 0. BODY TYPE must not equal 80-83, 88-91. there must be at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. there must at least one vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal 2-4. UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE must equal 0. 349 Underride / Override – FARS Only Check (V750) IF UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-3, (V760) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 4-6, (V770) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 7, (V780) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 8, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V26 THEN FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 12, 55. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 14, 45. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) must equal 12, 55. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) must equal 14, 45. 350 Rollover V27 V27 - Rollover FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Rollover; Person.ROLLOVER ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 9 Attributes No Rollover Rollover, Tripped by Object/Vehicle Rollover, Untripped Rollover, Unknown Type Definition: This element identifies whether a rollover or overturn occurred during the crash involving this vehicle. Remarks: Rollover is defined as any vehicle rotation of 90 degrees or more about any true longitudinal or lateral axis. Rollover can also be referred to as overturn, and can occur at any time during this vehicle’s critical crash envelope. Rollover does not apply to 2-wheeled motorcycles for this element (use 0 (No Rollover)). However, in the First Harmful Event, Most Harmful Event, and Sequence of Events you may use 01 (Rollover/ Overturn) to record that this vehicle (motorcycle) overturned. A rollover can be used for 3- or 4-wheeled ATVs, snowmobiles, go-karts, and 3-wheeled motorcycles. 0 (No Rollover) is used when there is no indication that a rollover occurred. 1 (Rollover, Tripped by Object/Vehicle) is used when the vehicle’s lateral motion is suddenly slowed or stopped by an opposing force, inducing a rollover. The opposing force may be produced by a curb, ditch, pot-hole, another vehicle, pavement or soil dug into by the vehicle’s wheels. This includes instances where a vehicle impacts a fixed object (i.e., tree, barrier, pole or post) then rolls over. 2 (Rollover, Untripped) is used when a rollover occurs, but not as a result of a collision with an object or a vehicle or generated by any other opposing force as referred to in Rollover, Tripped by Object/Vehicle. An untripped rollover is one for which there is no obvious cause other than normal surface friction. This is usually the result of vehicle instability and there is no evidence of furrowing or gouging on the pavement, gravel, grass or dirt surface. 9 (Rollover, Unknown Type) is used when a rollover occurred, but there is not sufficient information to determine tripped versus untripped status. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1Z2P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 01, and (BODY TYPE equals 01-79, 82, 90-99, or any RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30), (5A0P) BODY TYPE equals 80, 81, 83, 88, 89, and any RELATED FACTORS- VEHICLE LEVEL does not equal 30, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN ROLLOVER must equal 1, 2, 9. ROLLOVER must equal 0. 351 Rollover Check (V700) (V74P) (V75P) (V76P) (V77P) (V78P) (V79P) V27 IF ROLLOVER equals 2, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, or LOCATION OF ROLLOVER equals 1-7, 9, ROLLOVER is not blank, ROLLOVER is blank, ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, ROLLOVER equals 0, ROLLOVER equals 2, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN CRASH TYPE should equal 01-10, 14, 98 or 99 for this vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 01 for this vehicle. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must not be blank. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must be blank. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must equal 1-7, 9. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must equal 0. CRASH TYPE must equal 01-10, 14, 15 or 98 for the vehicle involved in the first harmful event. 352 Location of Rollover V28 V28 - Location of Rollover FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.ROLINLOC ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 Attributes No Rollover On Roadway On Shoulder On Median/Separator In Gore On Roadside Outside of Trafficway In Parking Lane / Zone Unknown Definition: This element identifies the location of the trip point or start of the vehicle's roll. Remarks: 1 (On Roadway) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll on the roadway. A Roadway is that part of a trafficway designed, improved and ordinarily used for motor vehicle travel. Where various classes of motor vehicles are segregated, that part of a trafficway used by a particular class is the roadway (i.e., travel lanes). Separate roadways may be provided for northbound and southbound traffic or for trucks and automobiles. This includes continuous left-turn lanes. 2 (On Shoulder) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll on the shoulder. A Shoulder is that part of a trafficway contiguous with the roadway for emergency use, for accommodation of stopped road vehicles, and for lateral support of the roadway structure. 3 (On Median/Separator) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll on the median/separator. A Median is an area of a trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in opposite directions. Continuous left-turn lanes are not considered painted medians. A Separator is the area of a trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in the same direction or separating a frontage road. 4 (In Gore) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll in the gore. The Gore is an area of land where two roadways diverge or converge. The area is bounded on two sides by the edges of the roadways, which join at the point of divergence or convergence. The direction of traffic must be the same on both of these roadways. The area includes shoulders or marked pavement, if any, between the roadways. (See Figure 10) 5 (On Roadside) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll on the roadside. Roadside is the outermost part of the trafficway from the property line or other boundary into the edge of the first road. 6 (Outside of Trafficway) is used when the available information indicates the vehicle tripped or began its roll outside the right-of-way. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 353 Location of Rollover V28 7 (In Parking Lane/Zone) refers to an area on the roadway, or next to the roadway, on which parking is permitted in marked or unmarked spaces. This includes curbside and edge of-roadway parking (for example, legal residential parking, city-street parking, etc.). Sometimes a strip of roadway can be designated for parking at certain hours of the day (parking lane) and for regular travel at other hours (travel lane). This code should NOT be used during hours when parking is NOT permitted (see 1 (On Roadway)). 9 (Unknown) is used when the location of the trip point cannot be determined from available resources. If Relation to Trafficway equals: 01 - On Roadway 02 - On Shoulder 03 - On Median 04 - On Roadside 05 - Outside Trafficway 06 - Off Roadway - Location Unknown 07 - In Parking Lane/Zone 08 - Gore 10 - Separator 11 - Continuous Left-Turn Lane 98 - Not Reported 99 - Unknown Consistency Checks: Check IF (A380) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 01 and this vehicle is involved in the first harmful event, and BODY TYPE does not equal 80-89 for this vehicle, and RELATION TO TRAFFICWAY equals _____, (V74P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, or LOCATION OF ROLLOVER equals 1-7, 9, (V75P) ROLLOVER is not blank, (V76P) ROLLOVER is blank, (V77P) ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, (V78P) ROLLOVER equals 0, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Then Location of Rollover should equal: 1 - On Roadway 2 - On Shoulder 3 - On Median/Separator 5 - On Roadside 6 - Outside of Trafficway 9 - Unknown 7 - In Parking Lane/Zone 4 - In Gore 3 - On Median/Separator 1 - On Roadway 9 - Unknown 9 - Unknown THEN LOCATION OF ROLLOVER should equal _____ respectively. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 01 for this vehicle. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must not be blank. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must be blank. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must equal 1-7, 9. LOCATION OF ROLLOVER must equal 0. 354 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 V29 - Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas FORMAT: 2 subfields: Subfield 1, 2 numeric; Subfield 2, Select all that apply SAS NAME: Vehicle.IMPACT1, Person.IMPACT1, Parkwork.PIMPACT1; Damage.MDAREAS ELEMENT VALUES: Subfield 1: Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point Codes Attributes 00 Non-Collision 01-12 Clock Points 13 Top 14 Undercarriage 61 Left 62 Left-Front Side 63 Left-Back Side 81 Right 82 Right-Front Side 83 Right-Back Side 18 Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion 19 Other Objects Set-In-Motion 98 Not Reported 99 Unknown Subfield 2: Damaged Areas Codes Attributes 01-12 Clock Values 13 Top 14 Undercarriage 15 No Damage 99 Damage Areas Unknown Definition (Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point): This subfield identifies the area on this vehicle that produced the first instance of injury to non-motorists or occupants of this vehicle, or that resulted in the first instance of damage to other property or to this vehicle. Definition (Damaged Areas): This subfield identifies all the areas on this vehicle that were damaged in the crash as reflected in the case materials by the officer. Remarks: If Areas of Impact- Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas are provided on the crash report in this exact format, use the values from the report unless there are clear errors (e.g. officer switches vehicles by mistake). If these elements are not provided on the crash report in this exact format, then similar report fields, narrative or diagram information may be used to code these elements. These subfields do not refer to direction of force of the impact. They identify the area(s) on the vehicle associated with the initial contact (Subfield 1) and all damage to the vehicle identified in the case material (Subfield 2). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 355 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 Areas of Impact / Initial Contact Point (Subfield 1): This subfield identifies the area on this vehicle that produced the first instance of injury to non-motorists or occupants of this vehicle, or that resulted in the first instance of damage to other property or to this vehicle. The event that produced the Initial Contact Point for this vehicle may or may not be the first harmful event for the crash. This data is derived from the Crash Events Table and will always be the first recorded Area(s) of Impact element value for each vehicle in the Crash Events Table. *Note the same element values from Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point are used to complete the Areas of Impact (AOI) fields in the Crash Events Table for all harmful events. Figure 13: Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point Element Values Diagram 00 (Non Collision [Initial Contact Point]) If the first harmful event involving this vehicle in the Crash Events Table is a non-collision event, then Initial Contact Point will be 00 (Non-Collision). “01-12” refer to the points on a clock. (See Figure 13). The sides of the vehicle are divided into 5 equal segments, 01 through 05 for the right side and 07 through 11 for the left side. The front (12), back (06), top (13) and undercarriage (14) complete the outside surfaces of the vehicle. Use the diagrams in Figure 15 for examples of how the 5 equal side segments are created on several vehicle types. As procedure, start by looking for one of the “clock” values 01-12 or specific situation values 00, 13, 14, 18. If sufficient detail is not available to choose one of these values, move out to the next set of values to try to identify the appropriate codes (i.e., 62-63, 82-83, then 61, 81). (See Figure 13) Lastly, for missing information pertaining to known harmful events, a 98 (Not Reported) attribute is available. 61-63 and 81-83: Codes, 62-63 and 82-83 are used when there is not sufficient detail available in the case materials to identify a more specific area of impact, 01-05 and 07-11, but one of the quadrants can be identified (i.e., 62 (Left-Front Side), 63 (Left-Back Side), 82 (Right-Front Side), or 83 (Right-Back Side)). Also use these attributes if the case materials indicate that the damage area is “between” or overlapping two known clock points. (e.g., if the damage area is midway between or overlapping clock points 10 and 11, use 62 (Left-Front Side)). Codes 61 and 81 are used when there is not sufficient detail available in the case materials to identify a more specific area of impact, 62-63 or 82-83, but one of the sides can be identified (i.e., 61 (Left) or 81 (Right)). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 356 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 Guideline for Resolving Ambiguous Information If the language in the narrative is ambiguous AND the diagram or other case information don’t provide resolution, use the area indicated first in the narrative wording to select the Area of Impact to code. See examples table below. Examples: Description Front, left Left, front Front, corner Right, rear Back, right side Coding 12 62 12 83 06 It is important to note that area of impact refers mainly to the area of the vehicle that sustained the damage and does not depend upon the attitude of the vehicle (e.g., damage to a grille is still damage at 12 o-clock even if it was caused by sliding sideways past a utility pole). However, 13 (Top) may raise questions. The front and rear windows of some vehicles may also be viewed from the top. It may also be difficult to code impacts to the hood and rear deck of a vehicle. With 13 (Top) the direction of force sometimes has to be considered. The following are guidelines for using 13 (Top). 1. If the area was damaged by an impact that was received horizontally to an upright vehicle, use one of the codes “01 to 12, 61-63, 81-83.” 2. If the area was damaged by an impact that was received from a vertical direction above the upright vehicle, use 13 (Top). 3. If the impact was received or direction of force was at an angle of less than 15 degrees above the horizontal, it is considered horizontal. 4. With a vehicle in other than upright attitudes, remember, it is the area of the vehicle which was damaged that is important. 14 (Undercarriage) refers to non-horizontal impacts to the undercarriage or swiping or snagging of undercarriage components (axles, exhaust system, etc.). Tire/Wheel impacts are coded to the AREA OF IMPACT (01-12, 61-63, 81-83). Special Instructions Involving Motorcycles: For cases involving a motorcycle where the area of initial contact is described as “front tire/wheel” or “front end” code as 12 (Front) or “rear tire/wheel” or “rear end” code as 06 (Back) if the impact was received on a horizontal plane. If the only event for a vehicle is a non-collision event, the Area of Impact - Initial is coded 00 (Non-Collision). If following a non-collision event, a vehicle has a collision event; Area of Impact, Initial Contact Point is still coded 00 (Non-Collision). Hitting the ground during a non-collision crash is not considered an “impact” for this subfield. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 357 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 Set-In-Motion Attributes: “Loads” of a vehicle includes persons or property upon or set-in-motion by the vehicle, persons boarding or alighting from the vehicle, and persons or property attached to and in position to move with the vehicle. A vehicle that propels part of its load or has set something in motion, which then strikes another vehicle, person, or property causing injury or damage, may not have a normal impact point because only the load has made contact with the person or other property. However, a value must be coded. A load or object should not receive a Sequence of Events 63 (Ran Off Roadway-Right), 64 (Ran Off Roadway-Left), 65 (Cross Median), 68 (Cross Centerline), or 69 (Re-entering Roadway) because these events apply to the vehicle itself and not to the load or object that was propelled. 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) is selected when the harmful event involves an impact between a fixed/non-fixed object or vehicle and cargo or parts from an in-transport motor vehicle which are set-in-motion. That is, use this code when the object set-in-motion is cargo (e.g., mattress, logs, tools, unsecured objects on the in-transport motor vehicle) or a part of an in-transport motor vehicle (e.g., hubcap or mirror). Examples: Vehicle 1 (log truck) swerves to avoid a braking vehicle (Vehicle 2). A log becomes dislodged from Vehicle 1 and lands on Vehicle 2’s top. • Vehicle 1 Area of Impact, Initial Contact Point would be coded as 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-InMotion). • Vehicle 2 Area of Impact, Initial Contact Point would be coded as 13 (Top). 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion) is used when the harmful event involves an object set-in-motion by an intransport motor vehicle which is NOT cargo or part of the in-transport motor vehicle (e.g., kicked-up stone, motorcycle rider, parked vehicle, stop sign) or it is UNKNOWN whether the object was the cargo or a part of an in-transport motor vehicle. Examples: Vehicle 1 kicks up a stone which impacts Vehicle 2's windshield. • Vehicle 1 Area of Impact, Initial Contact Point would be coded as 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). • Vehicle 2 Area of Impact, Initial Contact Point would be coded as 12 (Front). 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). Areas of Impact - Initial Contact Point Examples of Not Reported: • The case materials lack the detail to identify the initial contact point at all (e.g., narrative only states the vehicle departed the roadway and impacted a tree). • The case materials lack the detail to identify the initial contact point among a number of possible choices for the first harmful event for the vehicle (e.g., crash report field indicates front and right side damage from separate impacts and does not clarify which area is associated with the initial impact). 99 (Unknown) is used if the investigating officer reported that the Initial Contact Point was unknown. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 358 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 Areas of Impact - Damaged Areas (Subfield 2): This subfield identifies all the areas on this vehicle that were damaged in the crash as reflected in the case materials. For trailers that become separated from the power unit at the onset of the unstabilized situation or during the crash, treat the entire combination as one unit when recording Damaged Areas. Please see the Clockpoint Diagrams in Figure 15 to establish damage areas for the combination vehicles. Vehicles noted as “totaled”: This element is identifying the vehicle planes that were damaged so do not make the assumption that a vehicle noted in the case materials as “totaled” translates to all areas being damaged. This term is often referring to the cost to repair the damage not the areas damaged. Figure 14: Damaged Areas Element Values Diagram *Note: When entering the data there are three short cut selections in MDE for identifying multiple areas. Those selections are: 1. All Areas – this will select all values 01-12, 13 (Top), and 14 (Undercarriage) 2. Left Side – this will select all the values 07-11. 3. Right Side – this will select all the values 01-05. 01-12 (Clock Values) refer to the points on a clock (see Figure 14) to identify areas on the vehicle that were damaged in the crash. This subfield includes induced damage identified in the report. For example, the PAR shows an impact centered at 03 (AOI – Initial Contact) that produced damage in 02, 03, 04. The sides of the vehicle are divided into 5 equal segments, 01 through 05 for the right side and 07 through 11 for the left side. The front (12), back (06), top (13), and undercarriage (14) complete the outside surfaces of the vehicle. Use the diagrams in Figure 15 for examples of how the 5 equal side segments are created on several vehicle types. 13 (Top) includes damage to the hood, windshield, roof, rear window, and trunk deck. 14 (Undercarriage) includes damage to the tires/wheels, axles, exhaust system, etc. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 359 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 15 (No Damage) is used for vehicles that experience harmful events but the events do not produce physical damage to the vehicle itself. Examples include: • Vehicles that have the non-collision harmful events of gas inhalation, injured in vehicle, fell/jumped from vehicle, or other non-collision. • Vehicles that have a collision event but the event does not produce damage to the vehicle such as; running over a pedestrian lying in the roadway, striking a bicyclist, striking another vehicle where only the struck vehicle is damaged, or when the only collision event is cargo falling from this vehicle that lands on another vehicle or person. 99 (Damage Areas Unknown) is used when the case materials do not indicate which area or areas received damage or when the information on the PAR is confusing or inadequate for the purposes of this determination. Handling of known events with unknown damage areas: For situations where you have known damage areas associated with a specific event(s) and additional harmful events without knowing specific damage areas for the additional events, code only the known damage areas in this subfield. For example, if the PAR narrative only states that “V1 departed the roadway striking several trees” with the only indication of damage given as the initial front contact, and a PAR box marked ‘Totaled’, code only 12 for the known damage to the front of the vehicle. Handling of non-collision harmful events that produce vehicle damage: For situations where a vehicle is involved in the following non-collision harmful events: (01) Rollover/Overturn, (02) Fire/Explosion, (03) Immersion or Partial Immersion, (16) Thrown or Falling Object, (44) Pavement Surface Irregularity (Ruts, Potholes, Grates, etc.), (51) Jackknife (harmful to this vehicle), or (72) Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (harmful to this vehicle), code only the damage areas reflected in the case materials by the officer. For example, the investigating officer may indicate damaged locations that translate to: • 01-12, 13, 14 for a vehicle that was consumed by a fire or immersed in a river. • 01-05, 13 for a vehicle that rolls onto its right side and then roof. • 13 for a vehicle that only has damage to the hood from a fire. • 13 for a vehicle that has a tree fall its roof. • 14 for a vehicle that strikes a pothole on its undercarriage. Do not record damage at these locations for these non-collision harmful events unless so indicated by the case materials. If a vehicle that experiences only these non-collision events and has only “non-collision” reflected in the case materials by the officer for its damaged areas, then use 99 (Damage Areas Unknown). FARS and CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Prior to 2010, FARS recorded the Impact Point-Initial and the Impact Point-Principal for each vehicle. If a vehicle had no impacts throughout a crash, the Initial and Principal Impact Points were both “00 - Non-Collision”. NonCollision Events (including Rollovers) are not considered “impacts”. If the vehicle first had a Non-Collision Event but then experienced a Collision Event later in the accident, the clock point on the vehicle associated with that collision was recorded as the Impact Point-Initial. If this was the only Collision Event for the vehicle, then it was also the Impact Point-Principal for the vehicle. Otherwise, Impact Point, Principal was the clock point on the vehicle associated with the Collision Event that produced the most severe incidence of injury or property damage involving this vehicle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 360 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas V29 FARS began in 2010 recording INITIAL DAMAGED AREA and MOST DAMAGED AREA for this vehicle. If the initial damage to the vehicle is caused by a Non-Collision Event, the INITIAL DAMAGED AREA is coded “00 - NonCollision”. The MOST DAMAGED AREA simply recorded the area of this vehicle sustaining the most damage in the crash. GES adopted the "most damaged area" data element in 2010. Beginning in 2012, as a result of modifications to the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC) FARS and GES renamed INITIAL DAMAGED AREA as INITIAL CONTACT POINT and replaced MOST DAMAGED with the new sub-field DAMAGED AREAS. Figure 15: Clockpoint Diagram Consistency Checks: Check IF (2U0Q) BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89, (3B2P) (3B3P) CRASH TYPE equals 20, 24, 28, 34, 36, 38, 40, 50-54, 56, 58 or 60, CRASH TYPE equals 21-23, 25-27, 29-31, 35, 37, 39 or 41, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN AREAS OF IMPACT - INITIAL CONTACT POINT should not equal 14. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT must equal 12 for this vehicle. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT must equal 6 for this vehicle. 361 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas Check (3B6P) IF CRASH TYPE equals 87, (3B7P) CRASH TYPE equals 89, (3CA0) (420P) EXTENT OF DAMAGE for this vehicle equals 0, MANNER OF COLLISION equals 07, 08, (421P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 01, (422P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 02, (423P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 06, (424P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 09, (425P) MANNER OF COLLISION equals 10, (8L8Q) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS, the CRASH EVENTS event equals 54, (8L8R) (8L8S) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V29 THEN AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT must equal 01-05, 81-83 for this vehicle. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT must equal 07-11, 61-63 for this vehicle. DAMAGED AREAS must equal 15. there must be at least two vehicle forms with AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equal to 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83, 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 06. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12, and AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 12. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 01, 11, 12, 98, 99, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event must equal 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83, 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 01-05, 07-11, 61-63, 81-83, 98, 99. AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for one vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, and AREAS OF IMPACT- INITIAL CONTACT POINT for the other vehicle in the first harmful event should equal 06, 98, 99. the corresponding event in that row must not equal 12 or 55. AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) must equal 18 or 19 in that row. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. 362 Areas of Impact – Initial Contact Point / Damaged Areas Check (8L8T) IF RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 14, (8L8U) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 08, 09, 15, 49, RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 15, (8L8V) (8L8W) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS is not equal to 45, (8L8X) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS is equal to 45 (Working Motor Vehicle), (8L8Y) (8L9P) (BZ10) (BZ20) (FP1F) (VH81) (VH82) (VH83) (VH84) (VH85) (VH86) (VH87) BODY TYPE does not equal 80-83, 88-91, and the CRASH EVENTS event equals 54, and the corresponding AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 19 in that row, CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 53, CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 51, 52, AREAS OF IMPACT – INITIAL CONTACT POINT equals blank, case status is flawed. any DAMAGED AREAS equals 15 or 99, EXTENT OF DAMAGE for this vehicle equals 2, 4, 6, the only harmful SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle equals 04-06, the only harmful SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle equals 01-03, 16, 44, 51, 72, AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equals 61-63, AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equals 81-83, HIT-AND-RUN equals 0, and AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT equals 01-14, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V29 THEN there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE or OTHER VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 15. there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19, and the corresponding event in that row equals 08-10, 15, 18 or 49. AREAS OF IMPACT (OTHER VEHICLE) should not equal 18 or 19. there should be a previous event involving that vehicle where the CRASH EVENTS event equals 60. AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) and AREAS OF IMPACT (OTHER VEHICLE) should not both equal 18 or 19 in that same event row. there should be a previous event with CRASH EVENTS event equal to 18 or 73 involving that vehicle. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT should not equal 12 for this vehicle. AREAS OF IMPACT-INITIAL CONTACT POINT should not equal 06 for this vehicle. -only that one values must be coded. DAMAGED AREAS must not equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS should not equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS should include at least one of the codes 07-11, or DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS should include at least one of the codes 01-05, or DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. the corresponding code should be included in DAMAGED AREAS, or DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. 363 Extent of Damage V30 V30 - Extent of Damage FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.DEFORMED, Parkwork.PVEH_SEV ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 2 4 6 8 9 Attributes No Damage Minor Damage Functional Damage Disabling Damage Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element indicates the amount of damage sustained by this vehicle in this crash as indicated in the case materials based on an operational damage scale. Remarks: 0 (No Damage) is used when there is no damage indicated in the available information for this vehicle. 2 (Minor Damage) is damage that does not disable or affect the operation of the motor vehicle. This attribute is used when the case materials indicate damage to the vehicle to be Minor or less than Functional and the vehicle is not towed due to damage. Examples of 2 (Minor Damage) include: dented or bent fenders, bumpers, grills, body panels, and destroyed hubcaps. 4 (Functional Damage) is damage that is not disabling, but affects the operation of the motor vehicle or its parts. This attribute is used when the available information specifically indicates the damage is moderate or functional. Examples of 4 (Functional Damage) include: • doors, windows, hood and trunk lids that will not operate properly; • broken glass that obscures vision; • damage that would prevent the motor vehicle from passing an official motor vehicle inspection; • tire damage even though the tire may have been changed at the scene; • bumpers that are loose; • headlamp or taillight damage that would make night driving hazardous but would not affect daytime driving; and, • damage to turn signals, horn or windshield wipers, that makes them inoperative. 6 (Disabling Damage) is damage that precludes departure of the motor vehicle from the crash scene in its usual daylight-operating manner after simple repairs. As a result, the motor vehicle would have had to have been towed, or carried from the crash scene, or assisted by an emergency motor vehicle. This attribute should be used when the available information specifically indicates disabling or severe damage. This attribute is also used when the damage is indicated to be of greater magnitude than Functional (moderate), e.g., major, extensive, totaled and the vehicle was towed from the scene. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 364 Extent of Damage V30 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 9 (Unknown) is used when the available information specifically indicated the damage severity to be unknown. Note: There is a distinction between the cost to repair the damage and the degree to which the damage affects the vehicle’s operability (totaled, under/over monetary threshold). Operational damage is recorded here. For example, if the available information indicates that the vehicle was totaled and the vehicle was towed away, use 6 (Disabling Damage). However, if the available information indicates that the vehicle was totaled, but the vehicle was driven away, use 4 (Functional Damage). Consistency Checks: Check IF (3C0P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 6, (3C1P) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 0, 2, (3C1Q) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 0, 2, (3C2P) VEHICLE REMOVAL equals 2, (3C3P) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 6, (3CA0) EXTENT OF DAMAGE for this vehicle equals 0, (VH82) EXTENT OF DAMAGE for this vehicle equals 2, 4, 6, THEN VEHICLE REMOVAL should equal 2, 8, 9. VEHICLE REMOVAL must not equal 2. VEHICLE REMOVAL should equal 3 or 5. EXTENT OF DAMAGE must equal 6, 8, 9. VEHICLE REMOVAL must not equal 3. DAMAGED AREAS must equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS must not equal 15. Consistency Check (FARS ONLY): Check Language (U370) UNLIKELY: EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 8 if STATE NUMBER does not equal 17, 34, 48, 49, or 53. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 365 Vehicle Removal V31 V31 - Vehicle Removal FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.TOWED, Parkwork.PTOWED ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 2 3 5 8 9 Attributes Towed Due to Disabling Damage Towed Not Due to Disabling Damage Not Towed Not Reported Unknown Definition: This data element describes the mode in which the vehicle left the scene of the crash. Remarks: This data element describes the mode in which the vehicle left the scene of the crash. Towing includes vehicles carried from the scene on a flatbed tow truck. If the vehicle is a combination vehicle (power unit and at least one trailer), the power unit and/or trailer(s) are considered when determining tow status. If the available information indicates the power unit, or trailer of a combination unit, sustained enough damage to require towing, consider this vehicle as towed due to damage. 2 (Towed Due to Disabling Damage) is used for any towing which is due to disabling damage caused by this crash which prohibits vehicle movement under its own power. Towed due to disabling damage includes any towing when the reason for towing is unknown. In other words, if a vehicle is reported in the case materials as towed but it cannot be determined whether it was due to disabling damage or for other reasons, then the default assumption is that this vehicle was towed due to disabling damage - the data element Extent of Damage can still be 8 (Not Reported) or 9 (Unknown). If a vehicle was pushed by hand or by another vehicle after the crash because it was not drivable, then use 2 (Towed Due to Disabling Damage). If a vehicle was towed due to damage AND for other reasons such as driver arrest, then code this vehicle as 2 (Towed Due to Disabling Damage). 3 (Towed Not Due to Disabling Damage) is used when the vehicle has been towed but the towing results from other than disabling damage (e.g., minor damage, functional damage, mired vehicles, driver arrested, injured driver, etc.). 5 (Not Towed) is used when it is specifically indicated in the available information that the vehicle was not towed or when the preponderance of the information available indicates that the vehicle was driven away or was not towed. Not Towed is also used when preponderance of the information available indicates that the vehicle remained at the scene unless the damage severity for the vehicle is noted as disabling on the PAR. If the preponderance of the information available indicates that the vehicle remained at the scene and the damage severity for the vehicle is noted as disabling on the PAR, then use 2 (Towed Due to Disabling Damage). NOTE: The PAR narrative may be used to supersede and/or clarify the above information. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 366 Vehicle Removal V31 8 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 8 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 9 (Unknown) is used when the investigating officer indicates it was unknown as to how the vehicle was removed. Consistency Checks: Check IF (3C0P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 6, (3C1P) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 0, 2, (3C1Q) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 0, 2, (3C2P) VEHICLE REMOVAL equals 2, (3C3P) EXTENT OF DAMAGE equals 6, (U430) UNLIKELY: VEHICLE REMOVAL equals 8. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE REMOVAL should equal 2, 8, 9. VEHICLE REMOVAL must not equal 2. VEHICLE REMOVAL should equal 3 or 5. EXTENT OF DAMAGE must equal 6, 8, 9. VEHICLE REMOVAL must not equal 3. -- 367 Sequence of Events V32 V32 - Sequence of Events FORMAT: Read Only SAS NAME: Cevent.SOE; Vevent.SOE ELEMENT VALUES: Non-Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 61 Equipment Failure (blown tire, brake failure, etc.) 62 Separation of Units 63 Ran Off Roadway-Right 64 Ran Off Roadway-Left 79 Ran off Roadway - Direction Unknown 71 End Departure 65 Cross Median 68 Cross Centerline 66 Downhill Runaway 67 Vehicle Went Airborne 69 Re-entering Roadway 70 Non-harmful, Swaying Trailer/Jackknife 60 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (non-harmful) Non-Collision Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 01 Rollover/Overturn 02 Fire/Explosion 03 Immersion or Partial Immersion 04 Gas Inhalation 51 Jackknife (harmful to this vehicle) 06 Injured in Vehicle (Non-Collision) 44 Pavement Surface Irregularity (Ruts, Potholes, Grates, etc.) 07 Other Non-Collision 72 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (harmful to this vehicle) 16 Thrown or Falling Object 05 Fell/Jumped from Vehicle Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: Codes Attributes 12 Motor Vehicle In-Transport 54 Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport 55 Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway Collision with Object Not Fixed: Codes Attributes 08 Pedestrian 09 Pedalcyclist 10 Railway Vehicle 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 368 Sequence of Events Codes 74 11 49 18 15 14 45 73 V32 Attributes Road Vehicle on Rails Live Animal Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance Other Object (Not Fixed) Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance Parked Motor Vehicle Working Motor Vehicle Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport Collision with Fixed Object: Codes Attributes 17 Boulder 19 Building 58 Ground 20 Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion 50 Bridge Overhead Structure 21 Bridge Pier or Support 23 Bridge Rail (Includes Parapet) 24 Guardrail Face 52 Guardrail End 25 Concrete Traffic Barrier 57 Cable Barrier 26 Other Traffic Barrier 59 Traffic Sign Support 46 Traffic Signal Support 30 Utility Pole/Light Support 31 Other Post, Other Pole, or Other Supports 32 Culvert 33 Curb 34 Ditch 35 Embankment 38 Fence 39 Wall 40 Fire Hydrant 41 Shrubbery 42 Tree (Standing Only) 48 Snow Bank 53 Mail Box 43 Other Fixed Object Unknown Codes Attributes 99 Unknown 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 369 Sequence of Events V32 Definition: The events in sequence related to this motor vehicle, regardless of injury and/or property damage. Code each event for this vehicle in the order in which they occur, time wise, from the Police Accident Report (PAR) narrative and diagram. Remarks: This data element is derived from the Crash Events Table. Recording of Crash Events ends at the last harmful event of the entire crash. Therefore, a non-harmful event (e.g., Crossing the Centerline) that occurs following the last harmful event of the crash will not be included. Correction to the Sequence Events order must be made by revision to the Crash Events Table. Non-Harmful Events: 61 (Equipment Failure) (blown tire, brake, etc.) Examples of equipment failure include blown tires, brake failures, etc. 62 (Separation of Unit) is used when a trailing unit separates from its power unit or another trailing unit(s). This applies to truck tractors with trailer(s), single-unit trucks with a trailer and other vehicles pulling a trailer (e.g., car pulling a boat or motor home). 63 (Ran Off Roadway-Right) is used if the vehicle runs off the right side of the roadway. Identification of running off roadway can be determined from the case materials. This attribute can be used anytime in the event sequence before or after any harmful events. This attribute does not apply to the "load" in cases involving Areas of Impact 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) or 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). 64 (Ran Off Roadway-Left) is used if the vehicle runs off the left side of the roadway. Identification of running off roadway can be determined from the case materials. This attribute can be used anytime in the event sequence before or after any harmful events. This attribute does not apply to the "load" in cases involving Areas of Impact 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) or 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). Figure 16: Ran Off Roadway Examples 79 (Ran off Roadway-Direction Unknown) is used when it cannot be determined from the case materials and there are no witness statements available to determine whether a vehicle ran off the roadway right or left. Coding Guidelines for Running Off Roadway (Right or Left) For Divided Highways: On a divided highway, a vehicle can run off the roadway by leaving the roadway and entering the median. When this occurs involving a vehicle on the correct side of a divided highway, the proper “Ran Off Roadway” attribute 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 370 Sequence of Events V32 is always 64 (Ran Off Roadway - Left). In situations where a vehicle departs the roadway into the median, traverses the median, and continues across the opposing roadway, code 64 (Ran Off Roadway - Left) followed by 65 (Cross Median). For vehicles turning at “T-intersections”: For “T-intersections” when the vehicle loses control when in a turn, choose right or left based upon the direction of travel for the vehicle’s proper travel lane for their intended travel path. For vehicles traveling straight through “T-Intersections” use 71 (End Departure). See Figure 17 below. 71 (End Departure) is used if the vehicle leaves the roadway by traveling straight through the top of a “Tintersection” of a two-way trafficway or top of an intersecting one-way roadway. This code should also apply to vehicles traveling off the end of dead end roadways or into the barrier of a closed trafficway. See Figure 17 below. Figure 17: End Departure Examples 65 (Cross Median) is used when a vehicle departs its roadway and traverses the median and enters the shoulder or travel lanes on the opposite side of a divided highway. This attribute does not apply to the "load" in cases involving Areas of Impact 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) or 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). 68 (Cross Centerline) is used when a vehicle crosses over the centerline of a two-way, undivided highway. The centerline must be delineated with paint or raised markers. This is also used for unstabilized situations involving vehicles that depart from their initial travel lane(s) and enter the continuous left-turn lane, having a harmful event that is located within the marked boundaries of the continuous left-turn lane. This attribute also applies to vehicles that traverse the continuous left-turn lane area, having a harmful event that is located in the opposing travel lane(s). This attribute does not apply to the "load" in cases involving Areas of Impact 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) or 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). 66 (Downhill Runaway) refers to any vehicle that cannot decelerate on a downhill grade. 67 (Vehicle Went Airborne) must only be used if the officer indicates by narrative or diagram that the vehicle left the ground (excludes vehicles leaving the ground during a rollover event). Examples: the vehicle drove off a cliff, the vehicle was launched into the air after striking another vehicle or after traversing a berm. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 371 Sequence of Events V32 69 (Re-entering Roadway) is used when a vehicle that departed the roadway portion of the trafficway returns to the same roadway (e.g., a motor vehicle in transport runs off the roadway right, strikes the guardrail face, then re-enters the roadway and collides with another motor vehicle in transport). This attribute does not apply to the "load" in cases involving Areas of Impact 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion) or 19 (Other Objects Set-InMotion). 70 (Non-harmful, Swaying Trailer/Jackknife) applies to a condition that occurs to an articulated vehicle, (any vehicle with a trailing unit(s) connected by a hitch; e.g., truck tractor or single-unit truck with one or more trailers, articulated bus, car pulling a boat on a trailer, etc.) while in motion. The condition reflects a loss of control of the vehicle by the driver in which the trailer(s) yaws from its normal straight-line path behind the power unit. 60 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [non-harmful]) refers specifically to the loss or shift of items carried on or in a motor vehicle or its trailing unit, and not to the vehicle, its parts or trailing unit, itself. This attribute should never be used: 1. to refer to a “collision” event (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)) 2. to a harmful event related to the loss or shift of cargo in/on a vehicle causing damage to that vehicle, its cargo, or injury to its occupants (see 72 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [harmful to this vehicle])). Examples: • A load of logs on a tractor semi-trailer shifts as the truck rounds a curve resulting in an overturn. The shift of the load of logs would be a 60 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [non-harmful]) • A spare tire falls from a vehicle. The loss of the spare tire would be a 60 (Cargo/ Equipment Loss or Shift [non-harmful]) • An axle on a vehicle breaks and the wheel then separates from the vehicle would be a (61 (Equipment Failure)). Non-Collision events involving motorcycles and vehicles with a “load”: Non-Collision events may occur before or after a collision event. They should not be coded as a separate event if they occur as part of a collision event. Examples: • A motorcycle strikes a deer, overturns and the rider becomes separated from the vehicle. Code the collision event, not the non-collision “Rollover/Overturn” and “Fell/Jumped from Vehicle” that occur as part of the collision event. • One tractor/trailer rear-ends another tractor/trailer. The impact pushes the lead vehicle’s load into the back of the tractor cab with part falling onto the roadway. Code the collision event, not the non-collision “cargo-loss or shift” that occurred as part of the collision event. Non-Collision Harmful Events: 01 (Rollover/Overturn) is used when a motor vehicle rotates (rollover) at least one quarter turn onto its side or end. NOTES regarding 01 (Rollover/Overturn): • For motorcycles, laying the motorcycle down on its side is sufficient to use attribute 01 (Rollover/Overturn) as a harmful event if damage or injury is produced, even though the data element Rollover is not applicable to motorcycles. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 372 Sequence of Events • • • • • V32 Every vehicle that overturns will have contact with the ground. The collision event 58 (Ground) should not be used in describing a non-collision 01 (Rollover/Overturn) event. For example: A vehicle’s tires furrow into soft soil causing the vehicle to roll. The harmful event is 01 (Rollover/Overturn). If the report identifies the vehicle “struck” the ground, and that harmful collision event caused the vehicle to roll, the events are 58 (Ground), 01 (Overturn/Rollover). Note this will give you a Level 2 edit check. If overriding the edit check, be specific in your override remarks. The only instances 67 (Airborne) should be used immediately prior or immediately after 01 (Rollover/Overturn) is if the officer identifies “airborne” as defined in this element. Note this will give you a Level 2 edit check. If overriding the edit check, be specific in your override remarks. A vehicle rolls over 3 quarter turns. This is one rollover event involving 3 quarter turns. If there is a 01 (Rollover/Overturn) that begins in another location but involves a ditch or embankment in the case (e.g., “rolled through the ditch”, “rolled down the embankment”, “came to rest against the embankment”), then the rule applies where if there is no damage associated with an impact with the fixed object during the rollover, it is not included in the Crash Events. If there is indication that damage resulted from an impact with the fixed object, it is included in the Crash Events. This follows the same logic as striking a tree or another vehicle during an overturn. For a vehicle that rolls over, impacts a fence and continues to rollover. Only two events would be coded for that circumstance. The first event would be the rollover followed by an impact with the fence. In order for more than one rollover event to appear in a vehicles sequence of events, the vehicle must return to its wheels, and track for a period of time before experiencing a separate rollover event. This would be a rare occurrence and must be clearly identified in the case materials. Note: For medium/heavy trucks with attached trailers by fixed linkage, when either the power unit or the trailer rolls over, the entire vehicle will be considered a rollover. 02 (Fire/Explosion) is used for a vehicle fire or explosion that occurs during the crash sequence or as a result of the crash. As it pertains to the occurrence of 02 (Fire/Explosion), the crash circumstances are not considered stabilized until the threat of damage to this vehicle, or injury consequences to this vehicle's occupants, has ceased. Therefore, the crash sequence is not considered stabilized until all occupants have exited the vehicle and the scene has been declared safe by police or other authority. Fires that occur at a later time to vehicles abandoned at the scene (e.g., in open fields, on hillsides, etc.) or to vehicles removed from the scene to another location (tow yard, curbside, etc.) are not considered part of the crash sequence. 03 (Immersion or Partial Immersion) is used when an in-transport motor vehicle enters a body of water and results in injury or damage. This code would also be used if the vehicle came to rest in water and the depth cannot be ascertained from case materials. NOTE: In immersion fatalities the injury to the person may be noted as “drowning”. 04 (Gas Inhalation) includes injury or death as a result of toxic fumes, such as carbon monoxide fumes leaking from a motor vehicle in-transport. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 373 Sequence of Events V32 51 (Jackknife [harmful to this vehicle]) applies to a condition that occurs to an articulated vehicle, (any vehicle with a trailing unit(s) connected by a hitch; e.g., truck tractor or single-unit truck with one or more trailers, articulated bus, car pulling a boat on a trailer, etc.) while in motion. The condition reflects a loss of control of the vehicle by the driver in which the trailer(s) yaws from its normal straight-line path behind the power unit, striking the power unit, causing damage to the power unit or trailer. Jackknife should only be coded as a harmful event if there is clear indication of damage to the jackknifed vehicle or injury to its occupants caused by the jackknife. 06 (Injured in Vehicle [Non-Collision]) is used when an occupant is injured during an unstabilized situation without a collision, excluding cargo/equipment loss or shift. Examples: Driver slams on brake, causing an unrestrained passenger to be injured. Driver makes a sharp turn causing driver to strike head on side window, knocking driver unconscious. 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]) is used when the pavement surface irregularity is on a paved surface. Other examples include indication of contact with a dip, depression, low spot, trough, etc.) If the impact is with a surface irregularity (e.g. ruts, potholes) not on a paved surface use the 58 (Ground). For a vehicle that "bottoms out" on the paved surface (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity, use attribute 07 (Other Non-Collision). 07 (Other Non-Collision). Non-collision not captured in the listed non-collision attributes. Examples: • Damage to the vehicle produced by its own dislodged vehicle parts (including hood flying up and contacting the windshield). • A vehicle “bottoms out” on the roadway (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity. For impacts on the roadway due to pavement surface irregularities should be coded 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]). 16 (Thrown or Falling Object) is used when any object (1) is thrown (intentionally or unintentionally) and impacts an in-transport vehicle, or (2) falls onto, into, or in the path of an in-transport motor vehicle. If a tree limb falls from a tree and is contacted by a car, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). If a person maliciously throws an object off an overpass into traffic below, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). This excludes contacts made by loads or objects set in-motion by a motor vehicle (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)). 72 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [harmful to this vehicle]) refers specifically to the loss or shift of items carried on or in a motor vehicle or its trailing unit, and not to the vehicle, its parts or trailing unit, itself. This attribute is only used when the injury- or damage-producing event in the crash is the loss or shift of cargo in/on a vehicle causing damage to that vehicle, its cargo, or injury to its occupants. This attribute should never be used to refer to a “collision” event (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)) Example: A pickup truck brakes rapidly to avoid a collision. This causes a piece of lumber in the pickup bed to smash through the rear window. 05 (Fell/Jumped from Vehicle) is used when an occupant of this vehicle falls or jumps (not suicide) from the vehicle causing injury. For example, an occupant of a motor vehicle in-transport leans against the car door, it opens and the occupant falls out; or a person riding on a vehicle’s exterior (hood, roof, running board, etc.) falls or jumps, and is injured by the fall. If an occupant falls or jumps from a vehicle and is struck by that vehicle, use this attribute. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 374 Sequence of Events V32 Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles intransport making contact within the trafficway boundaries. In-transport means that the motor vehicle is inmotion or on the roadway portion of a trafficway. 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact by something set-in-motion by one of the vehicles. In these circumstances, both vehicles will have this attribute extracted and included in their SEQUENCE OF EVENTS. In crashes involving harmful events caused by objects set-in-motion by a motor vehicle in-transport, remember that a vehicle’s load is considered to be part of the vehicle. Examples: • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes another motor vehicle in-transport, this is treated as a two-vehicle crash. Therefore, the proper code for both vehicles is 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle InTransport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-InMotion). • If an in-transport vehicle strikes an at-rest object in the roadway that was previously cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport, the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for that event is 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport). If that object is then propelled into another motor vehicle intransport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute for this next event is 54 (Motor Vehicle InTransport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 19 (Other Objects SetIn-Motion). • If an in-transport vehicle strikes an at-rest object in the roadway that was not cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport, the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for that event is 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). If that object is then propelled into another motor vehicle in-transport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS code for this next event is 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in- Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 19 (Other Objects Set-In-Motion). This attribute does not apply when the cargo, persons, or objects set-in-motion by an in-transport motor vehicle strikes something other than another in-transport motor vehicle. In this case, use the applicable "collision with non-fixed object", or "collision with fixed object" code for the object struck by the cargo, person, or object setin- motion. Examples: • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes another vehicle that is not in-transport, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute is 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) or 45 (Working Motor Vehicle) depending on which type of not in-transport vehicle was contacted by the load and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion). • If cargo falls from a truck (in-transport) and strikes a pedestrian, the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute would be 08 (Pedestrian) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 18 (Cargo/Vehicle Parts Set-In-Motion). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 375 Sequence of Events • V32 If a pedestrian is struck by an at-rest object propelled by an in-transport vehicle (e.g., parked motor vehicle, stop sign, etc.), the proper SEQUENCE OF EVENTS attribute for this harmful event is 08 (Pedestrian) and the AREA OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) column is coded 19 (Other Objects Set-InMotion). 55 (Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact outside the trafficway boundaries in a motor vehicle traffic crash. Example: A vehicle loses control attempting to turn into a gas station and strikes another vehicle pulling away from the pump in the station lot. Collision with Object Not Fixed: 08 (Pedestrian) is used for all those not on a personal conveyance. A person pushing a vehicle should be coded 08 (Pedestrian). A person being carried by another person should also be considered a 08 (Pedestrian). 09 (Pedalcyclist) is used for any person on a non-motorized other road vehicle propelled by pedaling. Examples include a bicycle, tricycle, unicycle, or pedal car. 10 (Railway Vehicle) is any land vehicle that is (1) designed primarily for, or in use for, moving persons or property from one place to another on rails and (2) not in use on a land way other than a railway. • Inclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way • Exclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails) is any land vehicle on rails operating in a trafficway. • Inclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway • Exclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way, Street car/trolley or electric bus operating on tires. 11 (Live Animal) is used for collisions with live animals (domesticated or wild) that are not themselves being used as transportation or to draw a wagon, cart or other transport device (see ANSI D16.1). Default to 11 (Live Animal) if it cannot be determined if the struck animal is alive, dead, or if it was being ridden or drawing a transport device. Use 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance) for ridden animals and animals drawing transport devices. See 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) for an animal carcass. 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) is used when a motor vehicle in-transport strikes a non-fixed object that is known NOT to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport or when it is UNKNOWN whether the object was the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport (i.e., refers to objects such as a dead body, animal carcass, construction cones or barrels, an unattached trailer, a bicycle without a rider, downed tree limbs or power lines, or debris from a prior crash). For objects that have become separated from a motor vehicle intransport not as a result of a prior crash, use attribute 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle InTransport). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 376 Sequence of Events V32 15 (Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance) is used for pedestrians using personal conveyances. A personal conveyance is a device, other than a transport device, used by a pedestrian for personal mobility assistance or recreation. These devices can be motorized or human powered, but not propelled by pedaling. Inclusions: 1. Rideable toys a. Roller Skates, in-line skates b. Skateboards c. Skates d. Baby carriage e. Scooters f. Toy Wagons 2. Motorized rideable toys a. Motorized skateboard b. Motorized toy car 3. Devices for personal mobility assistance a. Segway-style devices b. Motorized and non-motorized wheelchair c. Handicapped scooters Exclusions: 1. Golf cart 2. Low Speed Vehicles (LSVs) 3. Go-carts 4. Minibike 5. “Pocket” motorcycles 6. Motor scooters 7. Moped 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) is used when the impact occurred between a motor vehicle in-transport and a motor vehicle neither on a roadway nor in motion. A vehicle stopped off the roadway, its door open over a roadway, is not in-transport. 45 (Working Motor Vehicle) is used to indicate the motor vehicle contacted was in the act of performing construction, maintenance, or utility work related to the trafficway when it became an involved unit. This “work” may be located within open or closed portions of the trafficway and motor vehicles performing these activities can be within or outside the trafficway boundaries. This code does not include private construction/maintenance vehicles, or vehicles such as garbage trucks, delivery trucks, taxis, emergency vehicles, tow trucks, etc. Examples: 1. Asphalt/steam roller working in a highway construction zone paving the roadway or flattening dirt. 2. State highway maintenance crew painting lane lines on the road, mowing grass on the roadside or median, repairing potholes, removing debris from the roadway, etc. 3. Utility truck or a “cherry picker”, performing maintenance on power lines along the roadway or maintaining a traffic signal. 4. A private excavating company contracted by the State digging the foundation for a new overpass. 5. A state, county, or privately owned snow plow, plowing ice/snow as part of a highway maintenance activity. 6. Street sweeper sweeping the street. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 377 Sequence of Events V32 7. A vehicle in a mobile work convoy displaying arrow boards or other signaling devices warning motorists of the work activity. 8. A law enforcement vehicle which is participating strictly in a stationary construction or mobile maintenance activity as a traffic slowing, control, signaling or calming influence. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: NOTE: Before 2004, this code was called Transport Device Used as Equipment. It included other working activities in addition to construction, maintenance, and utility work on trafficways. From 2004 forward, code “45” excludes working activities other than highway construction, maintenance, or utility vehicles (e.g., garbage truck picking up trash, mail/delivery trucks while making deliveries, personal vehicles plowing snow, etc. These are considered motor vehicles In-transport). Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level code 42 (Other Working Vehicle [Not Construction, Maintenance, Utility, Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle]) to identify these vehicles. A question may arise when a police, fire or emergency medical vehicle is struck on the roadway while at the scene of a crash, at a traffic stop, or as traffic control. The question becomes, “has its function changed from being a motor vehicle in-transport to a working vehicle?” The answer is “no.” Treat these situations as a motor vehicle in-transport striking another motor vehicle in-transport. Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level code 41 (Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle Working at the Scene of an Emergency or Performing Other Traffic Control Activities) to identify that this vehicle was struck while performing these work activities. 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when a motor vehicle in- transport impacts a non-fixed object at rest that is known to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle intransport. Do not use this attribute for debris from a prior crash. This attribute does not include vehicle occupants that are ejected or fall from a motor vehicle in-transport. (Example: Motorcycle operator falling from a motorcycle.) For people falling from a motor vehicle see non-collision event 05 (Fell/Jumped From Vehicle). For impacts involving two motor vehicles in transport resulting from cargo, persons or objects set in motion see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons, or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by another Motor Vehicle In-Transport). For example, if cargo that fell from a vehicle and was at rest in the roadway is struck this attribute would apply. If the cargo was at rest in the roadway as a result of a prior accident, use attribute 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). Collision with Fixed Object: The attributes 58 (Ground), 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch) and 35 (Embankment) are grouped under the Collision with Fixed Object subset because they are intended to be harmful events in the crash (i.e. – they are associated with an impact that produces injury or damage). When coding these events there must be fields on the PAR or verbiage in the narrative such as "struck", "hit", "impacted", etc. that identify these as harmful. For cases where the indication of the harmful event came from the narrative, there may not be a corresponding indication of damage in any PAR field. In these instances, code the harmful event as stated in the narrative and include the corresponding attribute under Areas of Impact. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 378 Sequence of Events V32 If there is no indication of damage from contact with the fixed object in fields on the PAR and the narrative language does not identify it as a harmful event (e.g., “came to rest on the embankment" or "drove through" or "drove across" the ditch and/or the embankment, or "drove over" the curb do not code 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch), or 35 (Embankment) in the Sequence of Events. Guidelines for PAR Combination Attributes: If there is no clarification in the case materials, default to the first attribute listed in the combination. For example, if a PAR attribute identifies "Earth Embankment/Rockcut /Ditch", code 35 (Embankment) unless the narrative clearly indicates one of the other attributes (e.g. "rockcut" or "ditch"). 17 (Boulder) is a rock of sufficient mass that when struck by a motor vehicle moves very little and remains basically intact. 19 (Building) is used when the vehicle impacts a roofed and walled structure built for permanent use. The type of construction material used is not of interest, nor is the use of the building. 58 (Ground) is used when the impact is with an earthen or paved surface off of the roadway. 58 (Ground) is not to be entered when the harmful event is 01 (Rollover/Overturn). Indication of furrowing, gouging, or digging in of the tires/wheels is not sufficient to code the collision event 58 (Ground). For example, if the PAR narrative states; “the trucks tires dug into the turf causing the vehicle to rollover” the harmful event should be 01 (Rollover/Overturn). 20 (Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion) is a device for controlling the absorption of energy released during vehicle collision (crash cushion). Its most common application involves the protection of fixed roadside objects such as bridge piers, elevated gores at exit ramps, etc. Examples include barrels filled with water or sand, and plastic collapsible structures. Figure 18: Bridge Components Diagram 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 379 Sequence of Events V32 50 (Bridge Overhead Structure) is used when striking the bottom of a bridge while traveling on a trafficway underneath it. See Figure 18. 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) is a square or round column of stone, concrete, brick, steel or wood for supporting a bridge between abutments. This attribute includes the bridge abutments which are supporting the ends of a bridge. Abutments are generally designed for retaining or supporting the embankment under bridge ends and composed of stone, concrete, brick or wood (includes the wing-walls). See Figure 18. 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) is a wooden, brick, stone, concrete, or metal fence-like structure which runs along the outermost edge of the roadway or sidewalk on the bridge or a rail constructed along the top of a parapet. Balustrade is often used synonymously with parapet. See Figure 18 • Bridges do not need to support another roadway. It may be an overpass for a train or even for a viaduct (water conduit). 24 (Guardrail Face) is a low barrier that has the primary longitudinal structure composed of metal (plates, mesh, box beam, etc.). A guardrail is differentiated from 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) by the material making up the greatest part of the longitudinal portion of the structure. In the case of guardrails, this is metal whereas in concrete barriers this is concrete (including concrete rails). If the crash report does not differentiate between guardrail face and end, default to guardrail face. Guardrails, which serve as bridge rails, should be coded as 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]). 52 (Guardrail End) is coded if a vehicle strikes the end of a guardrail. Guardrails can have a separate flat or rounded piece of metal attached to the end of an expanse of guardrail face. 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) refers to the longitudinal traffic barriers constructed of concrete. This includes all temporary concrete barriers regardless of location (i.e., temporary Jersey Barrier on a bridge being used to control traffic during bridge repair/construction). Concrete walls (vertical side surfaces) do not apply here; see 39 (Wall). 57 (Cable Barrier) refers to a flexible barrier system which uses several cables typically supported by steel posts. These barriers are designed to help lessen impact or keep vehicles within the confines of the road. 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) is used for all other longitudinal barriers such as wood or rock. 59 (Traffic Sign Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic sign, or the sign itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. This includes mile marker posts and signs above the trafficway. 46 (Traffic Signal Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic signal, or the signal itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) refers to supports for highway lighting systems, not including other private lighting systems (e.g., parking lot lights). 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) is used for electrical, telephone, cable & other utility pole-type supports. 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports) is used for posts other than highway signs, utility poles, or light supports (e.g., reflectors on poles alongside of roadway, parking meters, flag poles, etc.). For mail box posts, use 53 (Mail Box). For fence posts, use 38 (Fence). 32 (Culvert) is a man-made drain or channel crossing under a road, sidewalk, etc. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 380 Sequence of Events V32 33 (Curb) is a concrete or asphalt structure that borders the paved surface. It provides drainage control and pavement edge delineation. The face of the curb may be sloped or vertical. Ensure that the PAR provides some indication that damage has occurred when a vehicle strikes a curb. This attribute includes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators. For example, if the report identifies the vehicle struck/collided with a traffic island, channelizing island, raised median, or separator use 33 (Curb) not 43 (Other Fixed Object). 34 (Ditch) includes any man-made structure for drainage purposes. A ditch ends where a culvert begins and resumes on the opposite side of the culvert. Reference to a “ditchbank”, “embankment of the ditch”, or “ditch embankment” should be coded under 34 (Ditch). 35 (Embankment) is a raised structure to hold back water, to carry a roadway or the result of excavation or washout (including erosion) which may be faced with earth (or rock, stone or concrete). A 35 (Embankment) can usually be differentiated from a 39 (Wall) by its incline whereas a wall is usually vertical. However, there are exceptions to this; such as a retaining wall that may be inclined or a vertical embankment that is caused by a natural event such as a washout. In crashes involving a field approach or driveway crossing, use attribute 35 (Embankment) when no specific components (e.g., culverts or ditches) are identified. 38 (Fence) includes the fence posts. A Fence can be made of wood, chain link, stone, etc. 39 (Wall) is a primarily vertical structure composed of concrete, metal, timber or stone which is not part of a building or a fence but typically is used for retaining earth, abating noise, and separating areas (but not for containment as in the primary function of a fence). Also included as a 39 (Wall) are headwalls (or endwalls) that are sometimes provided on culvert ends principally to protect the sides of the embankment around the culvert opening against erosion. This does not include wing-walls, which are attached to ends of bridge abutments and extend back at an angle from the roadway. Wingwalls should be coded as 21 (Bridge Pier or Support). 40 (Fire Hydrant) refers to the roadside device used by fire departments to provide water for fighting fires. Usually made of steel, these devices are also referred to as fire plugs or fire stand pipes in some areas. 41 (Shrubbery) refers to vegetation which is usually of a woody multi-stemmed variety and in most instances is low growing rather than tall. May also be called bushes. Some common examples are boxwood, hawthorn, and mountain laurel. 42 (Tree [Standing Only]) is used when a vehicle strikes a standing tree. This includes impacts from overhanging branches, tree stumps or large cactus (Saguaro). If a vehicle strikes a fallen tree, use 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). If a tree falls on a vehicle as it is passing by, use 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). 48 (Snow Bank) is used when snowfall and/or road plowing creates essentially fixed barriers of snow/ice which are not snow-covered earth or rock embankments. 53 (Mail Box) refers to a private residence mail/newspaper box including the post. A cluster of private mailboxes is included in this attribute. This element does not include U.S. Mailbox, which are typically blue and are for general public use. Code a U.S. Mailbox as 43 (Other Fixed Object). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 381 Sequence of Events V32 43 (Other Fixed Object) is used when the object is fixed (considered a permanent structure) and is not described by any of the other fixed object attributes. This attribute excludes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators (See also 33 (Curb).) Examples: • Bus shelters • • • • Pedestrian walkways Toll booths Guy wires supporting utility poles U. S. Mailbox for public use Other examples would include property damage to standing crops, yards and other vegetation (excluding: 41 (Shrubbery), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), and 58 (Ground)) if noted on the crash report. When the case materials identify a non-specific object impact, apply the following guidelines. If the case materials only identify the harmful event as: • "Fixed Object", then use 43 (Other Fixed Object) • "Sign", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Post", then use 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports) • "Sign Post", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Bridge", then use 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) when the vehicle is on top of the bridge, when the vehicle is going under the bridge, then use 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) • "Barrier", then use 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) Unknown 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1Z0N) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle should not include more than one occurrence of 01. Please see SEQUENCE OF EVENTS remarks for 01 (Rollover/Overturn) to confirm coding. (1Z1N) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle should not equal 01, 67 consecutively or 67, 01 consecutively. (1Z1P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 66, (1Z2P) (2Z0F) (4Z0P) (4Z1P) (5Z0F) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 01, and (BODY TYPE equals 01-79, 82, 90-99, or any RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30), any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 12, 14, 45, 54, 55, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 02, UNIT TYPE equals 1 and FIRE OCCURRENCE equals 1, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 08, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN -- -- ROADWAY GRADE should equal 6 for this vehicle. ROLLOVER must equal 1, 2, 9. NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED must be greater than 001. FIRE OCCURRENCE for this vehicle must equal 1. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 02. at least one person must have PERSON TYPE equal to 05, 10. 382 Sequence of Events Check (671F) (6Z0F) IF the only harmful event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle equals 02 or 04, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 09, (7Z0F) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 05, 06, (8L8Q) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS, the CRASH EVENTS event equals 54, (8L8R) (8L8S) (8L8T) (8L8U) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54, RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 14, (8L8V) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 in the CRASH EVENTS and the corresponding event in that row equals 08, 09, 15, 49, RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL equals 15, (8L8W) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS is not equal to 45, (8L8X) AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18, (8L8Y) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS is equal to 45 (Working Motor Vehicle), (8L9P) (8Z0F) BODY TYPE does not equal 80-83, 88-91, and the CRASH EVENTS event equals 54, and the corresponding AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 19 in that row, any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 15, (9B9P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 55, (A041) CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V32 THEN CRITICAL EVENT – PRECRASH (EVENT) must equal 98. at least one person must have PERSON TYPE equal to 06, 07. at least one occupant of this vehicle (PERSON TYPES 01, 02, 09) must have INJURY SEVERITY equal to 1-5, or blank. the corresponding event in that row must not equal 12 or 55. AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) must equal 18 or 19 in that row. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE or OTHER VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19 and the corresponding event in that row equals 14, 45 or 54. RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 15. there must exist at least one event in the CRASH EVENTS where AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) equals 18 or 19, and the corresponding event in that row equals 08-10, 15, 18 or 49. AREAS OF IMPACT (OTHER VEHICLE) should not equal 18 or 19. there should be a previous event involving that vehicle where the CRASH EVENTS event equals 60. AREAS OF IMPACT (THIS VEHICLE) and AREAS OF IMPACT (OTHER VEHICLE) should not both equal 18 or 19 in that same event row. there should be a previous event with CRASH EVENTS event equal to 18 or 73 involving that vehicle. at least one Person Level (Not a MV Occupant) form must have a PERSON TYPE code of 08. there must be at least one other vehicle with UNIT TYPE equal to 1. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 48. 383 Sequence of Events Check (A230) IF SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 10, (A520) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 10, (A521) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 46, (A495) TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION equals 0, (A612) PERSON TYPE equals 04, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 05, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 06, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 07, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 08, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 10, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, PERSON TYPE equals 19, and NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST equals___, the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 05 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 08 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, the total count of PERSON TYPES is equal to 10 for the vehicle in NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NON-MOTORIST is ____, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 51, 62, 70, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 45, If UNIT TYPE equals 1, (A613) (A614) (A615) (A616) (A617) (A618) (A619) (A61A) (A61B) (AL1P) (AL2P) (AL5P) (AL6P) (AL8P) MOST HARMFUL EVENT equals __, and UNIT TYPE equals 1, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 51, 70, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V32 THEN LAND USE AND FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM (b) should not equal 01-03. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 0109, 20-29, 40-50, 98. SPEED LIMIT should equal 05-50, 98 or 99 for this vehicle. the first event in SEQUENCES OF EVENTS for this vehicle should not equal 63, 64, 69 or 71. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 10 or 49 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 08 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 09 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 09 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 15 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 08 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 99 for that vehicle number in the CRASH EVENTS table. the number of events equal to 08 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. the number of events equal to 15 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. the number of events equal to 08 in the CRASH EVENTS table should equal ____ for that vehicle. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0. WORK ZONE should equal 1-4. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal the MOST HARMFUL EVENT. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal __. JACKKNIFE must equal 2, 3. 384 Sequence of Events Check (AM1P) (V750) IF FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 54 or 73, or SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 54, 73 for any vehicle, any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 25 or 57, CRITICAL EVENT - PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 01, CRITICAL EVENT - PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 12, and PRE-IMPACT LOCATION is not equal to 5, CRITICAL EVENT - PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 13, and PRE-IMPACT LOCATION is not equal to 5, CRITICAL EVENT - PRECRASH (EVENT) equals 14, CRASH TYPE equals 01-05, and PRE-IMPACT LOCATION is not equal to 0 or 5, CRASH TYPE equals 06-10, and PRE-IMPACT LOCATION is not equal to 0 or 5, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 110-910, PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE BICYCLE equals 111-980, UNLIKELY: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 62, 60 consecutively. UNLIKELY: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 01, 58 or 58, 01 consecutively. UNIT TYPE equals 1, and ROLLOVER equals 1, 2, 9, or LOCATION OF ROLLOVER equals 1-7, 9, UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 1-3, (V760) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 4-6, (V770) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 7, (V780) UNDERRIDE/OVERRIDE equals 8, (V990) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 61, (VH70) (VH83) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, the only harmful SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle equals 04-06, the only harmful SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for this vehicle equals 01-03, 16, 44, 51, 72, (AM2P) (BZ40) (BZ50) (BZ60) (BZ70) (BZ90) (BZ91) (PB00) (PB02) (U651) (U652) (V74P) (VH84) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V32 THEN one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL must equal 14. TRAFFICWAY DESCRIPTION should equal 3, 6. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 61 for this vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 64 for this vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 63 for this vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 71 for this vehicle. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS prior to the first harmful event must equal 63. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS prior to the first harmful event must equal 64. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for the striking vehicle must equal 08 or 15. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS for the striking vehicle must equal 09. --at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 01 for this vehicle. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 12, 55. FIRST HARMFUL EVENT or at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) should equal 14, 45. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) must equal 12, 55. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (for this vehicle) must equal 14, 45. CONTRIBUTING CIRCUMSTANCES, MOTOR VEHICLE should not equal 00. elements V15, V24, V31 must all be left blank. DAMAGED AREAS should equal 15. DAMAGED AREAS should not equal 15. 385 Most Harmful Event V33 V33 - Most Harmful Event FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.M_HARM; parkwork.PM_HARM ELEMENT VALUES: Non-Collision Most Harmful Events: Codes Attributes 01 Rollover/Overturn 02 Fire/Explosion 03 Immersion or Partial Immersion 04 Gas Inhalation 51 Jackknife (harmful to this vehicle) 06 Injured in Vehicle (Non-Collision) 44 Pavement Surface Irregularity (Ruts, Potholes, Grates, etc.) 07 Other Non-Collision 16 Thrown or Falling Object 72 Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift (harmful to this vehicle) 05 Fell/Jumped from Vehicle Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: Codes Attributes 12 Motor Vehicle In-Transport 54 Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport 55 Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway Collision with Object Not Fixed: Codes Attributes 08 Pedestrian 09 Pedalcyclist 10 Railway Vehicle 74 Road Vehicle on Rails 11 Live Animal 49 Ridden Animal or Animal Drawn Conveyance 18 Other Object (Not Fixed) 15 Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance 14 Parked Motor Vehicle 45 Working Motor Vehicle 73 Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport Collision with Fixed Object: Codes Attributes 17 Boulder 19 Building 58 Ground 20 Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 386 Most Harmful Event Codes 50 21 23 24 52 25 57 26 59 46 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 39 40 41 42 48 53 43 V33 Attributes Bridge Overhead Structure Bridge Pier or Support Bridge Rail (Includes Parapet) Guardrail Face Guardrail End Concrete Traffic Barrier Cable Barrier Other Traffic Barrier Traffic Sign Support Traffic Signal Support Utility Pole/Light Support Other Post, Other Pole, or Other Supports Culvert Curb Ditch Embankment Fence Wall Fire Hydrant Shrubbery Tree (Standing Only) Snow Bank Mail Box Other Fixed Object Unknown Codes Attributes 99 Unknown Definition: This element identifies the event that resulted in the most severe injury or, if no injury, the greatest property damage involving this motor vehicle. Remarks: Must be the major event FOR THIS VEHICLE, even if different from the FIRST HARMFUL EVENT. Code for each vehicle. May be different for each vehicle. Code using the following hierarchy: A. FATALITIES take precedence over INJURIES. 1. If this vehicle is involved in more than one event which causes fatality to its own occupants or to persons not in a motor vehicle, choose the event which causes the greatest number of fatalities to occupants of this vehicle or to persons not in a motor vehicle (not occupants of other vehicles). 2. If this vehicle is involved in more than one event that causes fatality to its own occupants or to persons not in a motor vehicle; and if there are an equal number of fatalities in each such event, choose the fatal event that is worst with respect to other injuries and property damage. 3. As last resort, choose the fatal event that occurred first, time-wise. B. INJURIES take precedence over PROPERTY DAMAGE. 1. If the vehicle is not involved in events that cause fatality to its occupants or to persons not in a motor vehicle, choose the event that produces the worst injury. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 387 Most Harmful Event V33 2. If in doubt, choose the event with the greatest number of injuries. 3. If in doubt, choose the event that occurred first, time-wise. C. If only PROPERTY DAMAGE results for this vehicle: 1. Choose the event causing the most damage. 2. If in doubt, choose the event that happened first, time-wise. Non-Collision Most Harmful Events: Non-Collision events involving motorcycles and vehicles with a “load”: Non-Collision events may occur before or after a collision event. They should not be coded as a separate event if they occur as part of a collision event. Examples: • A motorcycle strikes a deer, overturns and the rider becomes separated from the vehicle. Code the collision event, not the non-collision “Rollover/Overturn” and “Fell/Jumped from Vehicle” that occur as part of the collision event. • One tractor/trailer rear-ends another tractor/trailer. The impact pushes the lead vehicle’s load into the back of the tractor cab with part falling onto the roadway. Code the collision event, not the noncollision “cargo-loss or shift” that occurred as part of the collision event. Most Harmful Event Coding Procedures for Parked and Working Motor Vehicles 1. If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for a parked/working motor vehicle is an impact with a motor vehicle intransport, use 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). a. Example: A parked motor vehicle (V2) is struck by an in-transport motor vehicle (V1) and this is the most harmful event for the parked motor vehicle (V2). The MOST HARMFUL EVENT for the parked motor vehicle (V2) is 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). 2. If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for a parked/working motor vehicle is an impact with something after it has been set-in-motion, code that other thing. a. Example: In a chain reaction crash, an in-transport motor vehicle (V1) strikes a parked motor vehicle (V2) injuring the person sitting in the driver's seat of V2. The parked motor vehicle (V2) is pushed into an unoccupied motor vehicle (V3) and the parked motor vehicle (V3) strikes and kills a pedestrian. The MOST HARMFUL EVENT for parked motor vehicle (V3) is 08 (Pedestrian). 3. If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for a parked/working motor vehicle is an impact with anything set-inmotion except another parked or working motor vehicle, see attribute 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). 4. If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for a parked/working motor vehicle is an impact with another parked or working motor vehicle which has been set-in-motion, use 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) or 45 (Working Motor Vehicle), whichever describes the object set-in-motion. 5. The MOST HARMFUL EVENT for a parked/working motor vehicle can be a non-collision harmful event not recorded in the events list. For example, if a parked vehicle rolls over after an impact with an intransport motor vehicle and the MOST HARMFUL EVENT is the rollover, then use code 01 (Rollover/Overturn). a. Example: A parked motor vehicle (V2) is struck by an in-transport vehicle (V1). Parked motor vehicle (V2) is pushed down an embankment and rolls over. The case materials indicate the most harmful event for parked motor vehicle (V2) is the rollover. MOST HARMFUL EVENT for parked motor vehicle (V2) is 01 (Rollover/ Overturn). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 388 Most Harmful Event V33 01 (Rollover/Overturn) is used when a motor vehicle rotates (rollover) at least one quarter turn onto its side or end. For motorcycles, laying the motorcycle down on its side is sufficient to code 01 (Rollover/ Overturn) as a harmful event if damage or injury is produced, even though the data element Rollover is not applicable to motorcycles. If there is a 01 (Rollover/Overturn) that begins in another location but involves a ditch or embankment in the case (e.g., “rolled through the ditch”, “rolled down the embankment”, “came to rest against the embankment”), then the rule applies where if there is no damage associated with an impact with the fixed object during the rollover, it is not included in the Crash Events. If there is indication that damage resulted from an impact with the fixed object, it is included in the Crash Events. This follows the same logic as striking a tree or another vehicle during an overturn. Note: For medium/heavy trucks with attached trailers by fixed linkage, when either the power unit or the trailer rolls over, the entire vehicle will be considered a rollover. 02 (Fire/Explosion) is used for a vehicle fire or explosion that occurs during the crash sequence or as a result of the crash. As it pertains to the occurrence of 02 (Fire/Explosion), the crash circumstances are not considered stabilized until the threat of damage to this vehicle, or injury consequences to this vehicle's occupants, has ceased. Therefore, the crash sequence is not considered stabilized until all occupants have exited the vehicle and the scene has been declared safe by police or other authority. Fires that occur at a later time to vehicles abandoned at the scene (e.g., in open fields, on hillsides, etc.) or to vehicles removed from the scene to another location (tow yard, curbside, etc.) are not considered part of the crash sequence. 03 (Immersion or Partial Immersion) is used when an in-transport motor vehicle enters a body of water and results in injury or damage. This code would also be used if the vehicle came to rest in water and the depth cannot be ascertained from case materials. NOTE: In immersion fatalities the injury to the person may be noted as “drowning”. 04 (Gas Inhalation) includes injury or death as a result of toxic fumes, such as carbon monoxide fumes leaking from a motor vehicle in-transport. 51 (Jackknife [harmful to this vehicle]) applies to a condition that occurs to an articulated vehicle, (any vehicle with a trailing unit(s) connected by a hitch; e.g., truck tractor or single-unit truck with one or more trailers, articulated bus, car pulling a boat on a trailer, etc.) while in motion. The condition reflects a loss of control of the vehicle by the driver in which the trailer(s) yaws from its normal straight-line path behind the power unit, striking the power unit, causing damage to the power unit or trailer. Jackknife should only be coded as a harmful event if there is clear indication of damage to the jackknifed vehicle or injury to its occupants caused by the jackknife. 06 (Injured in Vehicle [Non-Collision]) is used when an occupant is injured during an unstabilized situation without a collision, excluding cargo/equipment loss or shift. Examples: Driver slams on brake, causing an unrestrained passenger to be injured. Driver makes a sharp turn causing driver to strike head on side window, knocking driver unconscious. 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]) is used when the pavement surface irregularity is on a paved surface. Other examples include indication of contact with a dip, depression, low spot, trough, etc.) If the impact is with a surface irregularity (e.g. ruts, potholes) not on a paved surface, use the 58 (Ground). For a vehicle that "bottoms out" on the paved surface (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity, use attribute 07 (Other Non-Collision). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 389 Most Harmful Event V33 07 (Other Non-Collision). Non-collision not captured in the listed non-collision attributes. Examples: • Damage to the vehicle produced by its own dislodged vehicle parts (including hood flying up and contacting the windshield). • A vehicle “bottoms out” on the roadway (causing damage) due to speed but not because of a pavement surface irregularity. For impacts on the roadway due to pavement surface irregularities should be coded 44 (Pavement Surface Irregularity [ruts, potholes, grates, etc.]). 16 (Thrown or Falling Object) is used when any object (1) is thrown (intentionally or unintentionally) and impacts an in-transport vehicle, or (2) falls onto, into, or in the path of an in-transport motor vehicle. If a tree limb falls from a tree and is contacted by a car, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). If a person maliciously throws an object off an overpass into traffic below, enter 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). This excludes contacts made by loads or objects set in-motion by a motor vehicle (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)). 72 (Cargo/Equipment Loss or Shift [harmful to this vehicle)) refers specifically to the loss or shift of items carried on or in a motor vehicle or its trailing unit, and not to the vehicle, its parts or trailing unit, itself. This attribute is only used when the injury- or damage-producing event in the crash is the loss or shift of cargo in/on a vehicle causing damage to that vehicle, its cargo, or injury to its occupants. This attribute should never be used to refer to a “collision” event (see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport)). Example: A pickup truck brakes rapidly to avoid a collision. This causes a piece of lumber in the pickup bed to smash through the rear window. 05 (Fell/Jumped from Vehicle) is used when an occupant of this vehicle falls or jumps (not suicide) from the vehicle causing injury. For example, an occupant of a motor vehicle in-transport leans against the car door, it opens and the occupant falls out; or a person riding on a vehicle’s exterior (hood, roof, running board, etc.) falls or jumps, and is injured by the fall. If an occupant falls or jumps from a vehicle and is struck by that vehicle, use this attribute. Collision with Motor Vehicle In-Transport: 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when the most injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact within the trafficway boundaries. Parked and Working Motor Vehicles: This attribute is used for parked and working motor vehicles when their most harmful event is an impact with a motor vehicle in-transport. This attribute also applies to parked and working motor vehicles when their most harmful event is an impact with any object set-in-motion other than another parked or working motor vehicle. Set-in-motion objects include cargo, persons, stone, stop sign, tire tread and debris from a previous impact. If the object set-inmotion is another parked or working motor vehicle use 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) or 45 (Working Motor Vehicle), whichever describes the object set-in-motion. Examples: • If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V1 (a motor vehicle in-transport) is when V1 impacts V2 (another motor vehicle in-transport) within the trafficway boundaries, then the most harmful event for V1 is 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 390 Most Harmful Event • • • V33 If the most harmful event for V2 (a parked motor vehicle) is when V2 is struck by V1 (a motor vehicle intransport), then the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V2 is 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V2 (a parked motor vehicle) is when V2 is struck by a stop sign set-inmotion by V1 (a motor vehicle in-transport), then the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V2 is 12 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport). If V1 (a motor vehicle in-transport) strikes V2 (a parked motor vehicle) and V2 then strikes V3 (a parked motor vehicle), then the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V3 is 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle). 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) applies only to events involving two in-transport motor vehicles. It is used in two situations: 1) The most harmful injury- or damage-producing event for an in-transport motor vehicle is when something it sets in motion (cargo, person, object) strikes another in-transport motor vehicle. 2) The most harmful injury- or damage-producing event for an in-transport motor vehicle is when it is struck by cargo, persons or objects set-in-motion by another in-transport motor vehicle. Example: Cargo which fell from an in-transport motor vehicle (V1) is involved in an impact with V2, another intransport motor vehicle. The case materials indicate this is the most harmful event for both V1 and V2. MOST HARMFUL EVENT is 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) for both V1 and V2. When selecting the MOST HARMFUL EVENT, 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) does not have to be the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for both vehicles. Example: Cargo which fell from an in-transport motor vehicle (V1) is involved in an impact with V2, another intransport motor vehicle. This event is the only event for V1. Thus, 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in- Motion from/by Another Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V1. The case material identifies a subsequent impact by V2 with a tree on the roadside as the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V2. Thus, 42 (Tree [Standing Only]) is the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for V2. This attribute does not apply when the most harmful event for an in-transport motor vehicle is an impact between cargo, a person, or object it set-in-motion and something other than a motor vehicle in transport. In this case, use the "collision with non-fixed object", or "collision with fixed object" code that is applicable. Examples: • If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for an in-transport motor vehicle is when cargo which fell off its trailer strikes a pedestrian, code 08 (Pedestrian). • If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for an in-transport motor vehicle is when a parked motor vehicle it set-inmotion strikes a pedestrian, code 08 (Pedestrian). • If the MOST HARMFUL EVENT for an in-transport motor vehicle is when cargo which fell off its trailer strikes a parked motor vehicle, code 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle). 55 (Motor Vehicle in Motion Outside the Trafficway) is used when the injury- or damage-producing event is two motor vehicles in-transport making contact outside the trafficway boundaries in a motor vehicle traffic crash. Example: A vehicle loses control attempting to turn into a gas station and strikes another vehicle pulling away from the pump in the station lot. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 391 Most Harmful Event V33 Collision with Object Not Fixed: 08 (Pedestrian) is used for all those not on a personal conveyance. A person pushing a vehicle should be coded 08 (Pedestrian). A person being carried by another person should also be considered a 08 (Pedestrian). 09 (Pedalcyclist) is used for any person on a non-motorized other road vehicle propelled by pedaling. Examples include a bicycle, tricycle, unicycle, or pedal car. 10 (Railway Vehicle) is any land vehicle that is (1) designed primarily for, or in use for, moving persons or property from one place to another on rails and (2) not in use on a land way other than a railway. • Inclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way • Exclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway 74 (Road Vehicle on Rails) is any land vehicle on rails operating in a trafficway. • Inclusions: Street car/trolley operating on trafficway • Exclusions: Railway Trains, Street car/trolley on private way, Streetcar/trolle or electric bus operating on tires 11 (Live Animal) is used for collisions with live animals (domesticated or wild) that are not themselves being used as transportation or to draw a wagon, cart or other transport device (see ANSI D16.1). Default to 11 (Live Animal) if it cannot be determined if the struck animal is alive, dead or if it was being ridden or drawing a transport device. Use 49 (Ridden Animal or Animal-Drawn Conveyance) for ridden animals and animals drawing transport devices. See 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) for an animal carcass. 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]) is used when a motor vehicle in-transport strikes a non-fixed object that is known NOT to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport or when it is UNKNOWN whether the object was the cargo or part of another motor vehicle in-transport (i.e., refers to objects such as a dead body, animal carcass, construction cones or barrels, an unattached trailer, a bicycle without a rider, downed tree limbs or power lines, or debris from a prior crash). For objects that have become separated from a motor vehicle intransport not as a result of a prior crash, use attribute 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle InTransport). 15 (Non-Motorist on Personal Conveyance) is used for pedestrians using personal conveyances. A personal conveyance is a device, other than a transport device, used by a pedestrian for personal mobility assistance or recreation. These devices can be motorized or human powered, but not propelled by pedaling. Inclusions: 1. Rideable toys a. Roller Skates, in-line skates b. Skateboards c. Skates d. Baby carriage e. Scooters f. Toy Wagons 2. Motorized rideable toys a. Motorized skateboard b. Motorized toy car 3. Devices for personal mobility assistance a. Segway-style devices 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 392 Most Harmful Event V33 b. Motorized and non-motorized wheelchair c. Handicapped scooters Exclusions: 1. Golf cart 2. Low Speed Vehicles (LSVs) 3. Go-carts 4. Minibike 5. “Pocket” motorcycles 6. Motor scooters 7. Moped 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle) is used when the impact occurred between a motor vehicle in-transport and a motor vehicle neither on a roadway nor in motion. A vehicle stopped off the roadway, its door open over a roadway, is not in-transport. This attribute would also apply for a parked vehicle struck by another parked vehicle. For example, if a motor vehicle in-transport hits a parked vehicle and pushes it into a second parked vehicle (the only event for the second parked vehicle), the most harmful event for the second parked vehicle is 14 (Parked Motor Vehicle). 45 (Working Motor Vehicle) is used to indicate the motor vehicle contacted was in the act of performing construction, maintenance or utility work related to the trafficway when it became an involved unit. This “work” may be located within open or closed portions of the trafficway and motor vehicles performing these activities can be within or outside the trafficway boundaries. This code does not include private construction/maintenance vehicles, or vehicles such as garbage trucks, delivery trucks, taxis, emergency vehicles, tow trucks, etc. Examples: 1. Asphalt/steam roller working in a highway construction zone paving the roadway or flattening dirt. 2. State highway maintenance crew painting lane lines on the road, mowing grass on the roadside or median, repairing potholes, removing debris from the roadway, etc. 3. Utility truck or a “cherry picker”, performing maintenance on power lines along the roadway or maintaining a traffic signal. 4. A private excavating company contracted by the State digging the foundation for a new overpass. 5. A state, county, or privately owned snow plow, plowing ice/snow as part of a highway maintenance activity. 6. Street sweeper sweeping the street. 7. A vehicle in a mobile work convoy displaying arrow boards or other signaling devices warning motorists of the work activity. 8. A law enforcement vehicle which is participating strictly in a stationary construction or mobile maintenance activity as a traffic slowing, control, signaling or calming influence. NOTE: Before 2004, this code was called Transport Device Used as Equipment. It included other working activities in addition to construction, maintenance and utility work on trafficways. From 2004 forward, code “45” excludes working activities other than highway construction, maintenance or utility vehicles (e.g., garbage truck picking up trash, mail/delivery trucks while making deliveries, personal vehicles plowing snow, etc. These are considered motor vehicles In-transport). Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level code 42 (Other Working Vehicle [Not Construction, Maintenance, Utility, Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle]) to identify these vehicles. A question may arise when a police, fire or emergency medical vehicle is struck on the roadway while at the scene of a crash, at a traffic stop, or as traffic control. The question becomes, “has its function changed 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 393 Most Harmful Event V33 from being a motor vehicle in-transport to a working vehicle?” The answer is “no.” Treat these situations as a motor vehicle in-transport striking another motor vehicle in-transport. Use Related Factors-Vehicle Level code 41 (Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle Working at the Scene of an Emergency or Performing Other Traffic Control Activities) to identify that this vehicle was struck while performing these work activities. 73 (Object That Had Fallen from Motor Vehicle In-Transport) is used when a motor vehicle in- transport impacts a non-fixed object at rest that is known to have been the cargo or part of another motor vehicle intransport. Do not use this attribute for debris from a prior crash. This attribute does not include vehicle occupants that are ejected or fall from a motor vehicle in-transport. (Example: Motorcycle operator falling from a motorcycle.) For people falling from a motor vehicle see non-collision event 05 (Fell/Jumped From Vehicle). For impacts involving two motor vehicles in transport resulting from cargo, persons or objects set in motion see 54 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport Strikes or is Struck by Cargo, Persons or Objects Set-in-Motion from/by another Motor Vehicle In-Transport). For example, if cargo that fell from a vehicle and was at rest in the roadway is struck this attribute would apply. If the cargo was at rest in the roadway as a result of a prior accident, use attribute 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). Collision with Fixed Object: The attributes 58 (Ground), 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch), and 35 (Embankment) are grouped under the Collision with Fixed Object subset because they are intended to be harmful events in the crash (i.e. – they are associated with an impact that produces injury or damage). When coding these events there must be fields on the PAR or verbiage in the narrative such as "struck", "hit", "impacted", etc. that identify these as harmful. For cases where the indication of the harmful event came from the narrative, there may not be a corresponding indication of damage in any PAR field. In these instances, code the harmful event as stated in the narrative and include the corresponding attribute under Areas of Impact. If there is no indication of damage from contact with the fixed object in fields on the PAR and the narrative language does not identify it as a harmful event (e.g., “came to rest on the embankment" or "drove through" or "drove across" the ditch and/or the embankment, or "drove over" the curb do not code 33 (Curb), 34 (Ditch), or 35 (Embankment) in the Sequence of Events. Guidelines for PAR Combination Attributes: If there is no clarification in the case materials, default to the first attribute listed in the combination. For example, if a PAR attribute identifies "Earth Embankment/Rockcut /Ditch", code 35 (Embankment) unless the narrative clearly indicates one of the other attributes (e.g. "rockcut" or "ditch"). 17 (Boulder) is a rock of sufficient mass that when struck by a motor vehicle moves very little and remains basically intact. It may be considered as a fixed object. 19 (Building) is used when the vehicle impacts a roofed and walled structure built for permanent use. The type of construction material used is not of interest, nor is the use of the building. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 394 Most Harmful Event V33 58 (Ground) is used when the impact is with an earthen or paved surface off of the roadway. 58 (Ground) is not to be entered when the harmful event is 01 (Rollover/Overturn). Indication of furrowing, gouging, or digging in of the tires/wheels is not sufficient to code the collision event 58 (Ground). For example, if the PAR narrative states; “the trucks tires dug into the turf causing the vehicle to roll over” the harmful event should be 01 (Rollover/Overturn). 20 (Impact Attenuator/Crash Cushion) is a device for controlling the absorption of energy released during vehicle collision (crash cushion). Its most common application involves the protection of fixed roadside objects such as bridge piers, elevated gores at exit ramps, etc. Examples include barrels filled with water or sand, and plastic collapsible structures. 50 (Bridge Overhead Structure) is used when striking the bottom of a bridge while traveling on a trafficway underneath it. See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) is a square or round column of stone, concrete, brick, steel or wood for supporting a bridge between abutments. This attribute includes the bridge abutments which are supporting the ends of a bridge. Abutments are generally designed for retaining or supporting the embankment under bridge ends and composed of stone, concrete, brick or wood (includes the wing-walls). See See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) is a wooden, brick, stone, concrete or metal fence-like structure which runs along the outermost edge of the roadway or sidewalk on the bridge or a rail constructed along the top of a parapet. Balustrade is often used synonymously with parapet. See Figure 18 for a diagram of Bridge Components. Bridges do not need to support another roadway. It may be an overpass for a train or even for a viaduct (water conduit). 24 (Guardrail Face) is a low barrier that has the primary longitudinal structure composed of metal (plates, mesh, box beam, etc.). A guardrail is differentiated from 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) by the material making up the greatest part of the longitudinal portion of the structure. In the case of guardrails, this is metal whereas in concrete barriers this is concrete (including concrete rails). If the crash report does not differentiate between guardrail face and end, default to guardrail face. Guardrails, which serve as bridge rails, should be coded as 23 (Bridge Rails [Includes Parapet]). 52 (Guardrail End) is coded if a vehicle strikes the end of a guardrail. Guardrails can have a separate flat or rounded piece of metal attached to the end of an expanse of guardrail face. 25 (Concrete Traffic Barrier) refers to the longitudinal traffic barriers constructed of concrete. This includes all temporary concrete barriers regardless of location (i.e., temporary Jersey Barrier on a bridge being used to control traffic during bridge repair/construction). Concrete walls (vertical side surfaces) do not apply here; see 39 (Wall). 57 (Cable Barrier) refers to a flexible barrier system which uses several cables typically supported by steel posts. These barriers are designed to help lessen impact or keep vehicles within the confines of the road. 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) is used for all other longitudinal barriers such as wood or rock. 59 (Traffic Sign Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic sign, or the sign itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. This includes mile marker posts and signs above the trafficway. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 395 Most Harmful Event V33 46 (Traffic Signal Support) is used when the post supporting a traffic signal, or the signal itself, is hit by a motor vehicle in-transport. 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) refers to supports for highway lighting systems, not including other private lighting systems (e.g., parking lot lights). 30 (Utility Pole/Light Support) is used for electrical, telephone, cable, and other utility pole-type supports. 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports) is used for posts other than highway signs, utility poles, or light supports. (e.g., reflectors on poles alongside of roadway, parking meters, flag poles, etc.). For mail box posts, use 53 (Mail Box). For fence posts, use 38 (Fence). 32 (Culvert) is a man-made drain or channel crossing under a road, sidewalk, etc. 33 (Curb) is a concrete or asphalt structure that borders the paved surface. It provides drainage control and pavement edge delineation. The face of the curb may be sloped or vertical. Ensure that the PAR provides some indication that damage has occurred when a vehicle strikes a curb. This attribute includes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators. For example, if the report identifies the vehicle struck/collided with a traffic island, channelizing island, raised median or separator use 33 (Curb) not 43 (Other Fixed Object). 34 (Ditch) includes any man-made structure for drainage purposes. A ditch ends where a culvert begins and resumes on the opposite side of the culvert. Reference to a “ditchbank”, “embankment of the ditch”, or “ditch embankment” should be coded under 34 (Ditch). 35 (Embankment) is a raised structure to hold back water, to carry a roadway or the result of excavation or washout (including erosion) which may be faced with earth (or rock, stone, or concrete). A 35 (Embankment) can usually be differentiated from a 39 (Wall) by its incline whereas a wall is usually vertical. However, there are exceptions to this; such as a retaining wall that may be inclined or a vertical embankment that is caused by a natural event such as a washout. In crashes involving a field approach or driveway crossing, use attribute 35 (Embankment) when no specific components (e.g., culverts or ditches) are identified. 38 (Fence) includes the fence posts. A Fence can be made of wood, chain link, stone, etc. 39 (Wall) is a primarily vertical structure composed of concrete, metal, timber or stone which is not part of a building or a fence but typically is used for retaining earth, abating noise, and separating areas (but not for containment as in the primary function of a fence). Also included as a 39 (Wall) are headwalls (or endwalls) that are sometimes provided on culvert ends principally to protect the sides of the embankment around the culvert opening against erosion. This does not include wing-walls, which are attached to ends of bridge abutments and extend back at an angle from the roadway. Wingwalls should be coded as 21 (Bridge Pier or Support). 40 (Fire Hydrant) refers to the roadside device used by fire departments to provide water for fighting fires. Usually made of steel, these devices are also referred to as fire plugs or fire stand pipes in some areas. 41 (Shrubbery) refers to vegetation which is usually of a woody multi-stemmed variety and in most instances is low growing rather than tall. May also be called bushes. Some common examples are boxwood, hawthorn, and mountain laurel. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 396 Most Harmful Event V33 42 (Tree [Standing Only]) is used when a vehicle strikes a standing tree. This includes impacts from overhanging branches, tree stumps or large cactus (Saguaro). If a vehicle strikes a fallen tree, use 18 (Other Object [Not Fixed]). If a tree falls on a vehicle as it is passing by, use 16 (Thrown or Falling Object). 48 (Snow Bank) is used when snowfall and/or road plowing creates essentially fixed barriers of snow/ice which are not snow-covered earth or rock embankments. 53 (Mail Box) refers to a private residence mail/newspaper box including the post. A cluster of private mailboxes is included in this attribute. This element does not include U.S. Mailbox, which are typically blue and are for general public use. Code a U.S. Mailbox as 43 (Other Fixed Object). 43 (Other Fixed Object) is used when the object is fixed (considered a permanent structure) and is not described by any of the other fixed object attributes. This attribute excludes collisions with curbing that forms raised islands, medians, or separators (See also 33 (Curb).) Examples: • Bus shelters • Pedestrian walkways • Toll booths • Guy wires supporting utility poles • U. S. Mailbox for public use Other examples would include property damage to standing crops, yards, and other vegetation (excluding: 41 (Shrubbery), 42 (Tree [Standing Only]), and 58 (Ground)) if noted on the crash report. When the case materials identify a non-specific object impact, apply the following guidelines. If the case materials only identify the harmful event as: • "Fixed Object", then use 43 (Other Fixed Object) • "Sign", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Post", then use 31 (Other Post, Other Pole or Other Supports) • "Sign Post", then use 59 (Traffic Sign Support) • "Bridge", then use 23 (Bridge Rail [Includes Parapet]) when the vehicle is on top of the bridge, when the vehicle is going under the bridge, then use 21 (Bridge Pier or Support) • "Barrier", then use 26 (Other Traffic Barrier) Unknown 99 (Unknown) is used when police indicate unknown. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 397 Most Harmful Event Consistency Checks: Check IF (A041) CRASH MONTH equals 05-09, (AL3P) UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, (AL4P) there is one and only one parked vehicle (UNIT TYPE equals 2 or 3) in the crash, UNIT TYPE equals 1, (AL5P) (AL6P) (AL7P) MOST HARMFUL EVENT equals __, and UNIT TYPE equals 1, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V33 THEN SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, FIRST HARMFUL EVENT, MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 48. MOST HARMFUL EVENT must not equal 54 for this vehicle. MOST HARMFUL EVENT for the parked vehicle must not equal 14. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal the MOST HARMFUL EVENT. at least one event in the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal __. MOST HARMFUL EVENT should not equal 04-07, 16, 51, 72. 398 Related Factors – Vehicle Level V34 V34 - Related Factors – Vehicle Level FORMAT: 2 numeric occurring 2 times SAS NAME: Vehicle.VEH_SC1; Vehicle.VEH_SC2. parkwork.PVEH_SC1, parkwork.PVEH_SC2 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 Attributes None Special Vehicle Flags: Codes Attributes 30 Multi-Wheeled Motorcycle Conversion *32 Vehicle Registration for Handicapped 33 Vehicle Being Pushed by Non-Motorist 35 Reconstructed/Altered Vehicle *37 Transporting Children to/from Head Start/Day Care 39 Highway Construction, Maintenance or Utility Vehicle, In-Transport (Inside or Outside Work Zone) 40 Highway Incident Response Vehicle 41 Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle Working at the Scene of an Emergency or Performing Other Traffic Control Activities 42 Other Working Vehicle (Not Construction, Maintenance, Utility, Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle) 44 Adaptive Equipment 99 Unknown *FARS ONLY ATTRIBUTES Definition: This element identifies factors related to this vehicle expressed by the investigating officer. Remarks: Code information provided by the investigating officer in the narrative, contributing factors/circumstances field or citations/violations section on the crash report. CODING HIERARCHY: When more than two attributes apply, select the attributes that cannot be captured under other elements Vehicle conditions include manufacturer defects, driver’s changes that are defective and maintenance conditions. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL 24 (Operating Without Required Equipment) can be coded in conjunction with vehicle level conditions. 00 (None) is used when no applicable related factors are noted in the case materials. Zero-fill all fields. Also, use 00 (None) to complete the remaining fields when you will be recording less than two vehicle related factors. DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank. Attributes 30-44 are flags used to identify this vehicle as one with special circumstances. They do not necessarily imply that this circumstance caused the crash. 30 (Multi-Wheeled Motorcycle Conversion) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is a motorcycle that is converted to a multi-wheeled configuration from a 2-wheeled OEM motorcycle. These vehicles will not have a body type attribute 82 (Three-Wheel Motorcycle) available in the manufacturer's Make/Model/Model Year/Body Type table. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 399 Related Factors – Vehicle Level V34 *32 (Vehicle Registration for Handicapped) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is registered and/or specially equipped for a handicapped individual. This information can be derived from the vehicle registration. This excludes placards which are usually hung from the rear-view mirror and can be moved from one vehicle to the other. 33 (Vehicle Being Pushed by Non-Motorist) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is being pushed by a non-motorist with or without a driver at the controls. 35 (Reconstructed/Altered Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is a home-made vehicle constructed from vehicle components or is significantly altered in some way. These vehicles may have standard VIN or the State may issue a number in place of the VIN for their registration. Examples include: • The addition of enhanced performance engine chips or accessories. • Significant altering of suspension system (e.g., "monster trucks," "low riders," etc.). • Hydraulic systems or tilted/canted wheels. *37 (Transporting Children to/from Head Start/Day Care) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is used to transport children to Day Care/Head Start in vehicles arranged, operated or owned by Head Start or Day Care Program. This attribute is not intended for children being transported to daycare by family/friends in personal vehicles. 39 (Highway Construction, Maintenance or Utility Vehicle, In-Transport [Inside or Outside Work Zone]) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is a highway construction, maintenance, or utility vehicle that is intransport at the time it became involved in the crash. Note: This is only used when the vehicle is considered to not be a working motor vehicle and is "in-transport." For example, while moving from one job site to another job site or returning to the depot after concluding work activities. This attribute refers to vehicles owned by a local, county, state, or federal agency. Private vehicles are excluded. 40 (Highway Incident Response Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is a state government-owned vehicle whose function is to drive the major highways to assist motorists with flat tires, provide gas, etc. Examples include: • DOT Help • Good Samaritans • Courtesy Patrol • Motorist Assist Vehicle 41 (Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle Working at the Scene of an Emergency or Performing Other Traffic Control Activities) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is a police car, fire truck, or ambulance performing some work function related to working at the scene of an emergency or acting as traffic control. Examples include: • Police car, fire truck, or ambulance at the scene of a crash. • Fire truck at the scene of a fire. • Police car leading or trailing a convoy for a funeral. • Police car blocking the entrance to a parade route. • Police car at a check point. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 400 Related Factors – Vehicle Level V34 42 (Other Working Vehicle (Not Construction, Maintenance, Utility, Police, Fire, or EMS Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is performing some other work activity at the time it was involved in the crash and that activity is somehow associated with the crash. Examples include: • Garbage truck picking up trash. • Personal pickup with a snow blade plowing. • UPS or postal vehicle stopped in the roadway while making a delivery. • Food delivery truck making a delivery. 44 (Adaptive Equipment) is used when the case materials identify this vehicle is equipped with adaptive equipment for handicapped operator(s). Examples include: • Extended brake/gas pedals • Special steering apparatus • Hand brakes or accelerator, etc. 99 (Unknown) is used when “unknown” is reported for the vehicle condition in the Police Accident Report itself and none of the special circumstances exist. In these circumstances, nine-fill all fields. If 99 (Unknown) is used for any field, ALL fields must be 99 (Unknown). DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank. Also use this attribute for Hit-and-Run vehicles and drivers when no factors are identified or reported by the officer for this vehicle or driver. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1G0P) one RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 99, (1Z2P) any SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 01, and (BODY TYPE equals 01-79, 82, 90-99, or any RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30), (2G0P) either RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals blanks, (3G0P) the first RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 00, (4G0P) A RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL between 30 and 44 can be used only once per vehicle form. (5A0P) BODY TYPE equals 80, 81, 83, 88, 89, and any RELATED FACTORS - VEHICLE LEVEL does not equal 30, (6G0Q) any RELATED FACTORS - VEHICLE LEVEL equals 30, (9C1P) UNIT TYPE equals 4, (AS0P) (VH06) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, BODY TYPE equals 82, (V031) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 39, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN both factors must equal 99. ROLLOVER must equal 1, 2, 9. the other factor must also equal blanks. the other factor must also equal 00. -- ROLLOVER must equal 0. BODY TYPE must equal 80 for this vehicle. RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL must not equal 39. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER must not equal 0. RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL must not equal 30. BODY TYPE should not equal 01, 12, 13, 32, 33, 42, 50-52, 55, 58,59, 65, 73, 80-83, 88-92. 401 Related Factors – Vehicle Level Check (V032) IF RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 40, Consistency Checks (FARS Only): Check IF (6G0P) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, (V590) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 32, (V592) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 37, (V593) RELATED FACTORS-VEHICLE LEVEL equals 37, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual V34 THEN BODY TYPE should not equal 01, 12, 13, 32, 33, 42, 50-52, 55, 58,59, 60-67, 71-73, 78, 80-83, 8893. THEN REGISTRATION STATE must not equal 00, 92. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 1-3. REGISTRATION STATE should not equal 00, 92. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should not equal 0. 402 Fire Occurrence V35 V35 - Fire Occurrence FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.FIRE_EXP, Person.FIRE_EXP, Parkwork.PFIRE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 Attributes No or Not Reported Yes Definition: This element identifies whether or not a fire in any way related to the crash occurred in this vehicle. Remarks: For the purposes of this element, “vehicle” is defined to mean the power unit plus any and all trailing units associated with the power unit. If it cannot be determined that a fire occurred in the vehicle during the crash, use 0 (No or Not Reported). 1 (Yes) is used when the case materials indicate that this vehicle sustained fire damage. In a multi-vehicle crash where a fire occurs, only the vehicles sustaining fire damage should be coded as 1 (Yes). Fires that begin in a vehicle before the first impact may be counted. If fire damage is produced, 02 (Fire/Explosion) would be the First Harmful Event. If the Most Harmful Event for this vehicle is 02 (Fire/Explosion), or a fire in the vehicle is produced by damage in the crash, use 1 (Yes). The involved vehicles may be at rest for a short period of time. If the vehicles are at rest long enough to raise a question about the fire’s relationship to the crash’s damageproducing events, use 0 (No or Not Reported). Examples for Fire Occurrence: Examples 1. Car (V#1) strikes tank truck (V#2) in rear, the car catches on fire with no fire occurring for the tank truck. 2. Vehicle #1 catches fire, causing driver to strike vehicle #2. 3. Vehicle #1 catches fire, causing driver to stop vehicle in roadway and all occupants exit vehicle. Two minutes later, a second car (V#2) rear-ends the stopped car and its driver is killed from collision. (Attributes reflect the second crash.) Consistency Checks: Check IF (4Z0P) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS equals 02, (4Z1P) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and FIRE OCCURRENCE equals 1, (540F) FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 02, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual • • • • • • Code V#1 – 1 (Yes) V#2 – 0 (No or Not Reported) V#1 – 1 (Yes) V#2 – 0 (No or Not Reported) V#1 – 0 (No or Not Reported) V#2 – 0 (No or Not Reported) THEN FIRE OCCURRENCE for this vehicle must equal 1. at least one SEQUENCE OF EVENTS must equal 02. the vehicle involved in the first harmful event must have FIRE OCCURRENCE equal to 1. 403 Vehicle License Plate Number – CRSS Only V36 V36 - Vehicle License Plate Number - CRSS Only FORMAT: 10 alphanumeric SAS NAME: ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0000000000 -9999999998 9999999999 Attributes No License Plate Actual License Plate Number Not Reported Unknown Definition: This element captures the license plate number of this vehicle. Remarks: 0000000000 (No License Plate) would be used when the PAR identifies that this vehicle did not have a license plate when required or plates are not required for this type of vehicle. 9999999998 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported.” Code 9999999998 (Not Reported) in these situations: • A coded data block exists and it is left blank, and • No other information is available (e.g., narrative, diagram or case materials) 9999999999 (Unknown) is used for a police reported “unknown” for example an unidentified hit-and-run vehicle. Consistency Checks: Check IF (D093) Any VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE NUMBER that does not equal 0000000000, 9999999999, or 9999999998, (V941) BODY TYPE equals 90 or 91, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE NUMBER must be unique within a crash. VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE NUMBER must equal 0000000000. 404 Driver Level Data Elements Driver Level Data Elements D1 – State Number – FARS Only D2 – Consecutive Number – FARS Only D3 – Vehicle Number – Driver Level D4 – Driver Presence D5 – Driver’s License State D6 – Driver’s Zip Code D7 – Non-CDL License Type/Status – FARS Only D8 – Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status – FARS Only D9 – Compliance with CDL Endorsements – FARS Only D10 – License Compliance with Class of Vehicle – FARS Only D11 – Compliance with License Restrictions – FARS Only D12 – Driver Height – FARS Only D13 – Driver Weight – FARS Only D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 – Driver Level Counters – FARS Only D19, D20 – Date of First and Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction – FARS Only D21 – Violations Charged D22 – Speeding Related D23 – Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash D24 – Related Factors – Driver Level D25 – Driver License Number – CRSS Only 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 405 Vehicle Number – Driver Level D3 D3 - Vehicle Number – Driver Level FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Veh_No ELEMENT VALUES: • 000-999 Definition: This element identifies the vehicle number associated with this driver. Remarks: • Must be coded on an original submission • System-Generated (MDE System Only) • See Vehicle Number-Vehicle Level for assignments numbers. • FOR DRIVERLESS, PARKED/STOPPED OFF ROADWAY/WORKING MOTOR VEHICLES, AND MOTOR VEHICLES IN MOTION OUTSIDE THE TRAFFICWAY, ONLY CODE DRIVER PRESENCE (D4) AND RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL (D24). Consistency Check: Check Language (CSI2) There must be exactly one Driver Level form corresponding to each Vehicle Level form. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 406 Driver Presence D4 D4 - Driver Presence FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Dr_Pres ELEMENT VALUES: Codes Attribute 0 No Driver Present / Not Applicable 1 Yes 9 Unknown Definition: This element identifies whether or not a driver was present in this vehicle at the onset of the unstabilized situation. Remarks: 0 (No Driver Present/Not Applicable) is used when there is no person who was controlling this vehicle at the time of the crash. Also, use 0 (No Driver Present/Not Applicable) when Unit Type for this vehicle is not a motor vehicle intransport (Unit Type attributes “2, 3, 4”). Use this attribute regardless of the presence of an occupant in the driver’s seat. 1 (Yes) is used when there is a person who is physically controlling the vehicle at the onset of the unstabilized situation for this crash. Do not use this attribute for a child sitting in the driver’s seat unless the case materials indicate the child was in control of the vehicle. Hit-and-run drivers are included in this attribute. A driver under medical distress would be included. This attribute includes when it is known there was a driver but it is unknown which occupant was the driver at the time of the crash. 9 (Unknown) is used when it is unknown if there was a driver present in the vehicle at the time of the crash. If coded 0 (No Driver Present/Not Applicable) or 9 (Unknown), all other elements on the Driver Level except RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must be left blank. A Person Level - Occupant of a Motor Vehicle form with PERSON TYPE equal to 01 (Driver of a Motor Vehicle In-Transport) must not be submitted for that vehicle. If coded 0 (No Driver Present/Not Applicable) or 9 (Unknown), Related Factors-Driver Level are coded “00” unless UNIT TYPE is equal to 1 (Motor Vehicle In-Transport [Inside or Outside the Trafficway]). In such a case, only select RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL that are applicable. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H0F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H1F) (1H2F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H3F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H4F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS must be blank. DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE must be blank. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must be blank. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must be blank. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must be blank. 407 Driver Presence Check (1H6F) (1H7F) (1H8F) IF DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H9F) (1HAF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HBF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HCF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HDF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HEF) (1HFF) (1HJF) (2F0F) (2H0F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER'S VISION OBSCURED BY equals 95, NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS equals 00, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (2H1F) (3H0F) UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) equals 00, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 1, (4H0F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (5L0F) (5L1F) RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 20, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 04, 08, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 52, 53, 58, 59, 73, 74, 77-88, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (3BAP) (3BGP) (6H0P) (6H1P) (7B0F) (9A3P) (9C4P) JACKKNIFE equals 2, 3, UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D4 THEN VIOLATIONS CHARGED must be blank. PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES must be blank. PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS must be blank. PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS must be blank. PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS must be blank. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be blank. DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be blank. DRIVER HEIGHT (feet and inches) must equal blank. DRIVER WEIGHT must equal blank. SPEEDING RELATED must be blank. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 or 9. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 04, 08, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 52, 53, 58, 59, 73, 74, 77-88. DRIVER’S VISION OBSCURED BY must equal 95. CRASH TYPE must equal 00, 04, 09, 15, 32, 42, 48, 52, 62, 66, 74, 84, 90, 93 or 98. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 or 9. there must be one and only one Person Level form for that vehicle with PERSON TYPE equal to 01, or there must be no Person Level form for that vehicle with PERSON TYPE equal to 01 and at least two Person Level forms for that vehicle with PERSON TYPE equal to 09. there must not be a Person Level form for that vehicle with PERSON TYPE equal to 01. DRIVER PRESENCE must not equal 1, 9. DRIVER PRESENCE must not equal 0 or 9. DRIVER’S ZIP CODE must be blank. CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) must be blank. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 1. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. DRIVER MANEUVERED TO AVOID must only equal 95. 408 Driver Presence Check (9C5P) (A080) (AZ20) (BJ0P) (BJ1P) (BJ2P) (BJ3P) (BN0P) (CB0P) (D330) (FD0F) (PB30) (PB60) (PB61) IF DRIVER MANEUVERED TO AVOID equals 95, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, and NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 002, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 1, UNIT TYPE equals 1, and DRIVER DISTRACTED BY equals 16, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER equals 6, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and REGISTRATION STATE is not equal to 00, 92, 99, DRIVER PRESENCE is blank; case status is flawed. PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 220, PERSON TYPE equals 05 or 08, and DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 for the motor vehicle which strikes the non-motorist PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN equals 220, Consistency Check (CRSS Only): Check IF (1HGF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0 or 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D4 THEN DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 or 9. one RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 20. PRE-EVENT MOVEMENT (PRIOR TO RECOGNITION OF CRITICAL EVENT) must equal 00. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE ENDORSEMENTS must be blank. DRIVER DISTRACTED BY must equal 16. DRIVER DISTRACTED BY must not equal 16 or blank. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 or 9. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must be blank. DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0. REGISTERED VEHICLE OWNER should equal 3-6. -at least one DRIVER PRESENCE must equal 0 for the vehicle number identified in this person’s NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLE STRIKING NONMOTORIST. PEDESTRIAN/BIKE TYPING - CRASH TYPE PEDESTRIAN should equal 220. DRIVER PRESENCE should equal 0 for the motor vehicle striking the non-motorist. THEN DRIVER LICENSE NUMBER must equal blank. 409 Driver’s License State D5 D5 - Driver’s License State FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.L_STATE ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 01 02 03 04 05 06 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Attribute Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Codes 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Attribute New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Virgin Islands Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Indian Nation U.S. Government Canada Mexico Other Foreign Country Not Reported Unknown 410 Driver’s License State D5 Definition: This element identifies the state of issue for the license held by this driver. Remarks: If no license is required or driver is not licensed, use the resident State of the driver. U.S. Government is used to indicate the license was issued by the U.S. Government, such as military or State Department Foreign Service. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H1F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1I0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (1K0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (2I0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I1P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I2P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I3P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I4P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I5P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (BI0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (CJ00) PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES equals 98, (D010) (D020) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, (D030) (D040) (D050) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE must be blank. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must not equal 0-4, 6, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must not equal 00-08. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must not equal 0-3. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 0-3. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS must equal 99. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1, 2. DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE should equal 09, 13, 28, 30, 35, 49. PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 99. PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS should equal 99. 411 Driver’s License State Check (D180) (D320) (D480) (D710) IF DRIVER LICENSE STATE equals 95- 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE does not equal 93-99, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 09, 13, 28, 30, 35, 49, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 02, 04, 09, 15, 20, 30, 38, 40, 56, D5 THEN DRIVER ZIP CODE should not equal 99999. DRIVER’S ZIP CODE should equal 9999 or be a valid zip code for DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE. PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 98. NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should not equal 2. Consistency Check (FARS Only) Check Language (U410) UNLIKELY: DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 98. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 412 Driver’s Zip Code D6 D6 - Driver’s Zip Code FORMAT: 5 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.DR_Zip ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00000 nnnnn 99999 Attribute Not a Resident of U.S. or Territories Actual Value Unknown Definition: This element identifies the zip code of this driver's area of residence. Remarks: Code only the first five digits of nine-digit zip codes. 00000 (Not Resident of US or Territories) is used when the address found on the PAR indicates that the driver resides at an address which has not been assigned a ZIP code by the US Post Office. 99999 (Unknown) is used whenever the Zip code cannot be determined. For example, use this attribute when no information is provided on the PAR about the driver (e.g., hit-and-run). In addition, use this code if the driver, licensed or not, has no permanent address. For example, the driver could be living out of his/her vehicle (camper, motor home, etc.) or the driver could be “homeless.” If a ZIP CODE is listed on the PAR but it is not a valid number use attribute 99999 (Unknown). FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Use the following guidelines to resolve discrepancies between the Police Accident Report (PAR) and Driver License File: • If the street address is the same on both sources but the zip codes differ, use the zip code from the License File. • If you have internet access available, you may use the USPS Zip Code Look Up web site to confirm you have the correct address. • If the street addresses on the two sources differ, then use the zip code for the address reported on the PAR. • If you have both a residence address and a different mailing address (e.g., a P.O. Box) use the zip code for the residence address. If the PAR indicates an address in-state and a driver’s license from another state is recorded (with a different residence address), attempt to determine the most current address for the driver. If the most current address cannot be determined, use the zip code that corresponds to the address from the DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: For the purposes of this variable, a driver is considered to reside at the address listed on the police accident report. This address was most likely taken from the driver's license given to the police officer and/or from the licensing state's driver license file. If the driver's address is present and the Zip code is missing or not available, then determine the correct Zip code by using the National Five Digit Zip Code & Post Office Directory. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 413 Driver’s Zip Code Consistency Checks: Check IF (6H0P) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (BY0P) DRIVER’S ZIP CODE must be a valid code, blanks, 00000 or 99999. (D160) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS does not equal 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS does not equal 99, (D180) DRIVER LICENSE STATE equals 95-97, (D320) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE does not equal 93-99, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D6 THEN DRIVER’S ZIP CODE must be blank. -DRIVER’S ZIP CODE should not equal 99999. DRIVER ZIP CODE should not equal 99999. DRIVER’S ZIP CODE should equal 9999 or be a valid zip code for DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE. 414 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only D7 D7 - Non-CDL License Type/Status – FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric occurring 2 times. SAS NAME: Vehicle.L_TYPE; Vehicle.L_STATUS ELEMENT VALUES: Type Codes 0 1 2 7 8 9 Attributes Not Licensed Full Driver License Intermediate Driver License Learner’s Permit Temporary License Unknown License Type Status Codes 0 1 2 3 4 6 9 Attributes Not Licensed Suspended Revoked Expired Canceled or Denied Valid Unknown License Status Definition: This element identifies in two subfields the type of license held by this driver and the status of the license at the time of the crash. Source: Official driver record and police report. Official driver records take precedence over police-reported information. Remarks: Prior to 1993, this element was Driver License Status and included codes “5 – Valid-Single Class” and “6 – Valid-Multiple Class.” Starting in 2004, this element was modified to capture both non-CDL license type and status to accommodate graduated driver license (GDL) programs. This element is used to establish the driver’s license type and status for all license classes except the commercial driver’s license (CDL). It also captures the type and status of the NON-CDL driving privilege for drivers with CDLs. The NON-CDL License Type/Status is coded for all drivers, including drivers with a CDL. Use the “Type” field to record whether the driver has a full driver’s license, intermediate driver’s license, learner’s permit, temporary license, or is not licensed. Use the “Status” field to record if the license is valid, suspended, revoked, expired, canceled, or denied. When involved drivers are in the military, the analyst should be cautious because some States automatically (without driver application) renew drivers’ licenses or extend the license until the individual is discharged. Each state analyst should be familiar with their state’s policy on military personnel and code these license variables accordingly. In addition, when out-of-state driver requests are made the analyst requesting the data should note that the driver is in the military. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 415 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only D7 0 (Not Licensed) (for both Type and Status). 0 (Not Licensed) should be used only when it has been reasonably established that the driver is not licensed (anywhere). Takes precedence over all other NON-CDL License Type/Status attributes. Drivers who have a license but fail to have their license with them at the time of the crash should be coded according to the type (class) of license they possess and the validity of the license. If the police report indicates that the driver has “no license,” the analyst should first determine whether this means that the person was not in possession of his/her license at the time of the crash, or that the driver is not a registered motor vehicle operator. A review of the violations cited section of the police report may yield some clues in this matter. If the person is cited for not possessing his/her license or for not having one, then code this information in variables D21 Violations Charged and D24 Related Factors-Driver Level. If the analyst is uncertain as to whether or not the person possesses a license, then code Unknown should be used. Non-CDL License Type Remarks: 1 (Full Driver License) is used for unlimited driving privileges (with no GDL restrictions). This is based on your state’s eligibility guidelines. 7 (Learner’s Permit) and 2 (Intermediate Driver License) are the first two stages of a tiered licensing process that allows young drivers to obtain full driver license privileges through safe driving practices. Typical restrictions include minimum age requirements, passing vision/ knowledge tests, and supervision by adult driver over the age of 21. Other requirements may include limiting the number of passengers in the vehicle, occupants must wear seatbelts, zero alcohol tolerance, and no at-fault crashes or convictions for a period of time. NOTE: Beginning in 2004, if 7 (Learner’s Permit) or 2 (Intermediate Driver License) has expired, code Type as 2 (Intermediate Driver License) or 7 (Learner’s Permit) and Status as 3 (Expired). (Prior to 2004, an expired Learner’s Permit was coded as 0 (Not Licensed)). NOTE: It is important that you know your state’s Graduated Driver License restrictions. GDL program restrictions vary from state-to-state. 2 (Intermediate Driver License) is the second stage of obtaining a full license privilege. It is typically for drivers between the ages of 16 and 17, and does not require total supervision during daylight hours (e.g., adult supervision during the hours of midnight to 5 am). A 2 (Intermediate Driver License) may be suspended or revoked under certain violations. Other conditions may include conviction-free performance, seat-belt use for occupants, and some age restrictions for passengers. If any restriction is violated, this GDL restriction period can be extended. NOTE: 2 (Intermediate Driver License) does not apply for states that do not have a GDL program. However, your state may have a Learner’s Permit. Also, your state may not use the name “Intermediate Driver License” and may call it something else. NOTE: 7 (Learner’s Permit) is the first stage of obtaining a full license privilege. It is typically for drivers between 14 and 16 years of age, and typically requires total adult supervision, seat-belt use for occupants, and conviction-free performance. If any restriction is violated, this GDL restriction period can be extended. 8 (Temporary License) includes any type of non-permanent license issued for a period of time less than that for a permanent license (e.g., temporary license to drive within a resort area; temporary license issued to foreign nationals). Short-term permanent licenses are not temporary (e.g., license issued to elderly drivers requiring frequent re-testing). 7 (Learner’s Permit) and 2 (Intermediate Driver License) held by young drivers awaiting a 1 (Full Driver’s License) are not to be coded 8 (Temporary License). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 416 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only D7 9 (Unknown License Type) should be used when the type of the license is unknown. 9 (Unknown License Type) is also used when it is unknown whether the driver had a license or not (e.g., hit-and-run). Non-CDL License Status Remarks: 0 (Not Licensed) should be used only when it has been reasonably established that the driver is not registered (anywhere). 0 (Not Licensed) takes precedence over all other Non-CDL License Status attributes. Drivers who have a license but fail to have their license with them at the time of the crash should be coded according to the type (class) of license they possess and the validity of the license. If the police report indicates that the driver has “no license,” the analyst should first determine whether this means that the person was not in possession of his/her license at the time of the crash, or that the driver is not a registered motor vehicle operator. A review of the violations cited section of the police report may yield some clues in this matter. If the person is cited for not possessing his/her license or for not having one, then code this information in variables D21 Violations Charged and D24 Related Factors-Driver Level. If the analyst is uncertain as to whether or not the person possesses a license, then code 9 (Unknown) should be used. 1 (Suspended), 2 (Revoked) or 3 (Expired) are used if a 1 (Full Driver License) * is suspended, revoked, or expired. A 2 (Intermediate Driver License) may be 1 (Suspended) or 2 (Revoked) under certain violations. If 7 (Learner’s Permit) or 2 (Intermediate Driver License) has expired, then code 3 (Expired). Examples: If a 1 (Full Driver License) is revoked or suspended but limited driving is permitted (e.g., to and from work), use the following criteria: a. If the crash occurs during permitted times of driving, code Non-CDL License Type as 1 (Full Driver License) and Status as 6 (Valid), code Compliance with License Restrictions as 1 (Restrictions Complied with), and code Related Factors-Driver Level as 19 (Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License). b. If the crash occurs during invalid times for driving, code Non-CDL License Type as 1 (Full Driver License) and Status as 1 (Suspended) or 2 (Revoked), code Compliance with License Restrictions as 2 (Restriction Not Complied with), and do NOT use Related Factors-Driver Level as 19 (Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License). 1 (Suspended) takes precedence over all other License Status attributes except 0 (Not Licensed). 4 (Canceled or Denied) is used whenever the driver’s official driver record indicates the driver’s license* (1) was canceled; or (2) the driver’s request for license, or an extension of one, was denied. 6 (Valid) refers to any license held by the driver that is valid for a class of vehicle*. If the driver is in violation of some aspect of his/her license (e.g., one of the restrictions) do not consider the license as being not valid. Record the restriction on element Compliance with License Restrictions if applicable. If the police cite the driver for the violation, then the information would be recorded under elements D21 Violations Charged and/or D24 Related Factors-Driver Level. 9 (Unknown License Status) should be used when the status of the license is unknown. 9 (Unknown License Status) is also used when it is unknown whether the driver had a license or not (e.g., hit-and-run). See Cross Reference table for coding elements D7 and D10, following the remarks section of element D10 License Compliance with Class of Vehicle. * NON-CDL privilege only 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 417 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only D7 IMPORTANT NOTE: In distinguishing license requirements from restrictions, focus upon whether or not all drivers possessing the type of license are mandated to obey the requirement. If they are, then the requirement is not a restriction, but rather part of the definition of the license. Restrictions, on the other hand, are requirements specific to individual drivers. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H3F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1I0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (5I0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0, (5I1P) (7K0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS for this person equals 9, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 71, (8I0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0-4, 9, (6I0P) (7I0P) (8J0P) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 0, (8J1P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0, (D060) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 1-4, 6, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 1-8, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, (D100) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D110) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D120) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D130) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D140) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must be blank. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must not equal 0-4, 6, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must not equal 00-08. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3, 9. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should equal 99. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 6. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 0, 1, 2, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must equal 01, 02, 05. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 0. NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE must equal 0. AGE should not be less than 015. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS should equal 99. 418 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only Check IF (D160) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS does not equal 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS does not equal 99, (D260) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 99, (D340) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 1-4, 6, 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 01-08, 99, (D350) VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 71, (D380) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D390) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0, (D400) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0-4, (D620) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 7, (D630) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 2, (D640) AGE equals 014-017, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, (D650) AGE equals 018-120, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, and NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS does not equal 0, (D680) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE does not equal 0, 9, (D690) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 2, 7, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, (D700) NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 1, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, (D710) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 02, 04, 09, 15, 20, 30, 38, 40, 56, (D730) RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 73, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D7 THEN DRIVER’S ZIP CODE should not equal 99999. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should not equal 0. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 0. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS should not equal 0, 3, 6, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should equal 1, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 2, 3, 8, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 3, 8, 9. AGE (for the driver) should equal 014-016. AGE (for the driver) should equal 015-017. NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should equal 2, 7. NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should equal 1. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS should not equal 0, 9. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 73, 74. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 74. NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should not equal 2. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should equal 2, and NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should equal 2, 7. 419 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only D7 See the following tables for additional guidance for coding Non-CDL License Type/Status for young drivers with GDL License (7 (Learner’s Permit) and 2 (Intermediate Driver Licenses)) and CDL Drivers: Coding Scenarios for CDL Licenses No. Coding Scenarios for CDL Licenses 1. CDL w/no endorsement valid, driving a CDL vehicle (no endorsement required). Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 2. CDL w/hazardous material endorsement, valid driving CDL vehicle w/hazardous cargo. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 3. CDL w/hazardous material endorsement, valid driving non-CDL vehicle. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 4. CDL w/ no endorsements suspended, driving a CDL (double bottom) vehicle. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 5. CDL w/tanker endorsement, disqualified, driving a tanker. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Suspended. 6. CDL w/tanker endorsement suspended, driving a non-CDL vehicle. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 7. Non-CDL license driving CDL 24 passenger bus. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Valid. 8. Non-CDL license driving 24 passenger bus. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Suspended. 9. *CDL w/no endorsements valid, driving CDL vehicle (endorsement requirement unknown). Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Suspended. 10. *CDL w/no endorsements *CDL w/tanker endorsements valid, driving non-CDL vehicle. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Suspended. 11. *CDL w/tanker endorsements valid, driving non-CDL vehicle. Non-CDL License Type/Status is Full License/Suspended. * possible, but unlikely situation 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D7 Non-CDL Type 1 D7 Non-CDL Status 6 D8 CMV Status 6 D10 Comp w/ Class 3 D11 Comp w/ Restriction 0 1 6 6 3 1 1 6 6 3 0 1 6 1 2 2 1 1 5 2 1 1 6 1 3 0 1 6 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 6 8 9 1 1 6 2 0 1 1 6 2 0 420 Non-CDL License Type / Status – FARS Only Coding Scenarios for GDL Programs No. Coding Scenarios for Graduated Driver’s Licensing Program 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A 16-year-old driver with a valid Intermediate License driving a vehicle during prohibited driving hours without corrective lenses. A 15-year-old with a valid Learner’s Permit driving alone (adult supervision required). A 16-year-old with a valid Intermediate License not complying with seat-belt requirement during permitted daytime driving hours. A 17-year-old driver with a valid Intermediate License. The officer reported there was a 19-year-old non-family passenger, in violation of the state’s GDL requirements. An 18-year-old driver with an expired Learner’s Permit driving with no violations of GDL restrictions. A 15-year-old with a suspended Learner’s Permit is driving without required prescription lenses, and is complying with all GDL restrictions. A driver with a suspended Intermediate Driver’s License complying with all GDL restrictions. A 19-year-old with a valid Intermediate License which was extended due to prior GDL violations is driving a truck greater than 26,000 lbs. requiring a CDL during prohibited hours. A driver with a valid Full Driver’s License driving without required corrective lenses. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D7 D7 Non-CDL Type 2 D7 Non-CDL Status 6 D11 Comp. w/ Restriction 2 D24 Related FactorsDriver Level 73, 74 7 6 2 73 2 6 2 73 2 6 2 73 7 3 1 00 7 1 2 74 2 3 1 00 2 6 2 73 1 6 2 74 421 Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status – FARS Only D8 D8 - Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status – FARS Only FORMAT: 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.CDL_STAT ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 99 Attribute No (CDL) Suspended Revoked Expired Canceled or Denied Disqualified Valid Learner’s Permit Other - Not Valid Unknown License Status Definition: This element indicates the status for a driver’s Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) if applicable. Remarks: This element indicates the status for a driver’s Commercial Driver’s License (CDL). As of April 1, 1992, all states require a driver to have a CDL for driving a commercial motor vehicle in excess of 26,000 pounds; or for transporting hazardous materials in sufficient amounts to be placarded; or for transporting 16 or more passengers, including the driver. See the Coding Scenarios for CDL Licenses table for guidance on coding this element and related driver status elements. 05 (Disqualified) is used for commercial drivers who have their CDL privilege taken away for violations against the federal regulations. Although similar to suspension, the reasons for “disqualification” of a CDL may differ from state suspension reasons. 08 (Other - Not Valid) should be used when a CDL is surrendered or not valid due to the lack of medical clearance. 99 (Unknown License Status) should be used when the status of the CDL license is unknown or when it is unknown whether the driver had a CDL license or not (e.g., hit-and-run). Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H3F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1I0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (5I1P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS for this person equals 9, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must be blank. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must not equal 0-4, 6, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must not 00-08. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should equal 99. 422 Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status – FARS Only Check (6I0P) (7K0P) IF NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 71, (BN0P) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (CC0P) (D060) (D160) (D260) (D270) (D280) (D300) (D340) (D420) (D430) (D440) (D450) (D460) (V090) (V100) COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, 99, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 1-4, 6, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 1-8, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS does not equal 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS does not equal 99, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 99, BODY TYPE equals 50-52, 55, 63, 66, 72, or HM1 equals 2, VEHICLE CONFIGURATION equals 05-08, 21, or HM1 equals 2, HM2 equals 2, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 1-4, 6, 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 01-08, 99, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS equals 1-3, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 99, HM1 equals 2, HM1 equals 2, and RELATED FACTORSDRIVER LEVEL does not equal 19, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D8 THEN COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 0, 1, 2, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must equal 01, 02, 05. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must be blank. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1. AGE should not be less than 015. DRIVER’S ZIP CODE should not equal 99999. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should not equal 0. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00 or 99. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 0. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSE-MENTS should not equal 1-3. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. BODY TYPE should not equal 50-52, 55, 63, 66, 72, and HM2 should not equal 2. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION should not equal 05-08, 21, and HM2 should not equal 2. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should equal 0, 3, 9. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should equal 06, 99. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 01, 02, 05. 423 Compliance with CDL Endorsements – FARS Only D9 D9 - Compliance With CDL Endorsements – FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.L_ENDORS ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 9 Attribute No Endorsements Required for the vehicle Endorsement(s) Required, complied with Endorsement(s) Required, not complied with Endorsement(s) Required, compliance unknown Unknown, if required Definition: This element indicates whether the vehicle driven at the time of the crash requires endorsement(s) on a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) and whether this driver is complying with the CDL endorsements. Remarks: These endorsements include: double/triple bottoms, passenger vehicles with 16 passengers, tank, hazardous materials, combined tank/hazardous materials, and others. This element is to be coded independently from CDL Status. The driver is not automatically failing to comply with a CDL endorsement by not having a valid CDL. See the Guidance on Coding This Element per License Type and Vehicle section below. 0 (No Endorsements Required for the vehicle) is used when this vehicle requires no special endorsement on a CDL or requires no CDL to operate. 1 (Endorsement(s) Required, complied with) is used when this vehicle requires a CDL and requires a particular endorsement or set of endorsements, and the driver has a CDL and is in compliance with the specific endorsements. (Note: The status of the CDL is not used in determining if the driver has complied with the endorsement.) 2 (Endorsement(s) Required, not complied with) is used when this vehicle requires a CDL and particular endorsement(s) on the CDL, but the driver does not have a CDL or does not have the particular endorsement(s) required for the vehicle driven. The driver may have some other endorsement(s). (Note: The status of the CDL is not used in determining if the driver has complied with the endorsement.) 3 (Endorsement(s) Required, compliance unknown) is used when this vehicle requires a CDL and particular endorsement(s) on the CDL, but it is not known whether the driver was in compliance with the particular endorsement(s) or it is not known whether the driver had a CDL. 9 (Unknown, if required) is used when it is unknown if the vehicle requires a CDL, or when it is unknown if an endorsement is required on a CDL to operate the crash vehicle. The driver may or may not have a CDL. Guidance on Coding This Element per License Type and Vehicle The tables below provide guidance for coding this element for the type of license and vehicle driven in the crash: Non-CDL Driver License VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non-CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Requiring Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D9 0 0 0 2 9 424 Compliance with CDL Endorsements – FARS Only D9 CDL with No Endorsement VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non- CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Requiring Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required D9 0 0 0 2 9 CDL with Endorsement VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non- CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Matching Endorsement CDL, W/Different Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required D9 0 0 0 1 2 9 CDL, Endorsement Unknown VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non- CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Requiring Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required D9 0 0 0 3 9 CDL Unknown VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non- CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Requiring Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required D9 0 0 0 3 9 Not Licensed VEHICLE DRIVEN IN THE CRASH Automobile Non- CDL Truck/Bus CDL, Not Requiring Endorsement CDL, Requiring Endorsement CDL, Unknown If Required 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D9 0 0 0 2 9 425 Compliance with CDL Endorsements – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (4S1P) BODY TYPE equals 80-83, 88, 89 and HM1 does not equal 1, (BI0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (BJ0P) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (BK0P) LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 1, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS equals 1, and any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, 99, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, HM2 equals 2, (BL0P) (CC0P) (CG0P) (D310) (D410) (D420) (D430) (D460) LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS equals 1-3, COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 99, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D9 THEN COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS MUST equal 0. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1, 2. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE ENDORSEMENTS must be blank. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1-3, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1, 3. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should equal 1-3. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should not equal 1-3, 9. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should not equal 1-3. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 00. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should equal 0, 3, 9. 426 License Compliance with Class of Vehicle – FARS Only D10 D10 - License Compliance With Class Of Vehicle - FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.L_COMPL ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 8 9 Attribute Not licensed No license required for this class vehicle No valid license for this class vehicle Valid license for this class vehicle Unknown if CDL and/or CDL endorsement required for this vehicle Unknown Definition: This element refers to the type of license possessed or not possessed by the driver for the class of vehicle being driven at the time of the crash. Source: Official driver record and police report. Official driver records take precedence over police reported information. Remarks: This element is coded according to the driver’s Non-CDL License Status when driving a vehicle not requiring a CDL and to the driver’s Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status when driving a vehicle requiring a CDL. Also see Remarks for D7 on military personnel. 0 (Not licensed) should be used only when it has been reasonably established that the driver is not licensed (anywhere) and where D7 equals 0 (Not licensed). Drivers who have a license but fail to have their license with them at the time of the crash should be coded according to the type of license they possess and the class of vehicle they were driving. 0 (Not licensed) should not be used in this instance. If the police report indicates that the driver has “no license,” the analyst must first determine whether this means the person was not in possession of his/her license at the time of the crash or that the driver is not a licensed motor vehicle operator. A review of the violations cited section of the police report might yield some clues in this matter. If the person is cited for not possessing his/her license or for not having one, then code this information in variables D21 Violations Charged and D24 Related Factors-Driver Level. If the analyst is uncertain as to whether or not the person possesses a license, then 9 (Unknown) should be used. 1 (No license required for this class vehicle) means that a license was not required for the vehicle being driven (e.g., mopeds in some states). 2 (No valid license for this class vehicle) may be used for suspended, revoked, canceled, or expired driving privileges. It also refers to drivers with a valid license but not for the class of vehicle driven at the time of the crash. As an example, the driver has an “operator’s license” when a “public passenger” type license is required. For this driver, 2 (No valid license for this class vehicle) should be coded. Another common situation occurs when a separate license is required for a motorcycle. If the driver possesses a valid license for a passenger car but not for the motorcycle, then 2 (No valid license for this class vehicle) should be used if the driver was involved in this crash while driving a motorcycle. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 427 License Compliance with Class of Vehicle – FARS Only D10 A license (or a portion of the license applicable to the class vehicle driven) that is not in effect because of some action taken by the State, such as suspended, revoked, etc., is not to be coded as valid. Similarly, learner’s permits that are not used under the proper conditions (for example, a required licensed driver for the class of vehicle driven is not present to accompany the driver involved) are not to be coded as valid either. 2 (No valid license for this class vehicle) should be used for suspended, revoked, disqualified, canceled, or expired CDL licenses when the vehicle requires a CDL (see table for Coding Scenarios for CDL Licenses). 3 (Valid license for this class vehicle) refers to the class of vehicle being driven. As an example, the driver has a “motorcycle” driver’s license only and was driving a motorcycle at the time of the crash; 3 (Valid license for this class vehicle) should be used. On the other hand, a driver might possess a multiple-class license allowing him or her to drive a passenger car as well as a motorcycle. If the vehicle being driven at the time of the crash is a passenger car, also code this element 3 (Valid license for this class vehicle). If the vehicle driver requires a CDL and the CDL status is valid, use 3 (Valid license for this class vehicle). 8 (Unknown if CDL and/or CDL endorsement required for the vehicle) should be used if it cannot be determined if the vehicle driven requires a CDL or CDL endorsement. There should be sufficient cause to suspect the need for a CDL or CDL endorsement to use this code, such as the vehicle’s size (26,001 lbs. or more), configuration (tractor/trailer, combinations, tankers, etc.), or possibly hauling hazardous cargo. 9 (Unknown) should be used when the driver has a license but the type or validity are uncertain or if it is unknown whether the driver had a license or not (e.g., hit-and-run). A cross-reference table for coding variables D7 and D10 follows. Consult this table only when the driver is operating a vehicle that does not require a CDL. Cross Reference Table for D7 and D10 D7 (Status) 0 1 2 3 8 9 0 Y Y N N N N 1 N Y Y N N N 2 N Y Y N N N 3 N Y Y N N N 4 N Y Y N N N 6 N Y Y Y N Y 9 N Y N N N Y Y = Valid Combination N = Invalid Combination REMINDER: D7 applies to any license entry in the driver’s record (except CDL). D10 applies to this vehicle only. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 428 License Compliance with Class of Vehicle – FARS Only Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H2F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1K0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (6L0P) (D380) COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0-2, 9, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, 1, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 1, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS equals 1, and any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 1-4, 6, 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 01-08, 99, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D390) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0, (D400) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0-4, (D410) LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, (8L0P) (9J0P) (BK0P) (BL0P) (CG0P) (D340) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D10 THEN LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must be blank. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must not equal 0-3. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3, 9. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1-3, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS must not equal 1, 3. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 0. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should equal 1, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 2, 3, 8, 9. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE should not equal 3, 8, 9. COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS should not equal 1-3, 9. 429 Compliance with License Restrictions – FARS Only D11 D11 - Compliance With License Restrictions – FARS Only FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.L_RESTRI ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 1 2 3 9 Attribute No Restrictions or Not Applicable Restrictions Complied With Restrictions Not Complied With Restrictions, Compliance Unknown Unknown Definition: This element identifies if a driver was compliant with restrictions on their license. Remarks: Refers to both physical restrictions (corrective lenses, automatic transmission, etc.) and imposed restrictions (limited driving). Starting in 2004, it also refers to any limitations imposed on Learner’s Permits and Intermediate Licenses in states with Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs. (e.g., driving during prohibited periods [midnight to 5 AM]; driving without adult supervision, etc.). (See Coding Scenarios for GDL Licensing Program table.) Code all applicable restrictions regardless of license status. Examples: If a Non-CDL License Type of 1 (Full Driver License) is revoked or suspended but limited driving is permitted (e.g., to and from work), use the following criteria: a. If the crash occurs during permitted times of driving, code Non-CDL License Type as 1 (Full Driver License) and Status as 6 (Valid), code Compliance with License Restrictions as 1 (Restrictions Complied with), and code Related Factors-Driver Level as 19 (Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License). b. If the crash occurs during invalid times for driving, code Non-CDL License Type as 1 (Full Driver License) and Status as 1 (Suspended) or 2 (Revoked), code Compliance with License Restrictions as 2 (Restriction Not Complied with), and do NOT use Related Factors-Driver Level as 19 (Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License). If due to a CDL, a driver has more than one license restriction, code compliance for the most appropriate license restrictions based on the vehicle being driven at the time of the crash. (i.e. – if vehicle being driven requires a CDL, use the CDL license restrictions). 0 (No Restrictions or Not Applicable) is used when the driver has no restrictions on their license, when the driver is unlicensed or when they are operating a vehicle that does not require a license. 1 (Restrictions Complied With) is used when the driver is in compliance with the restrictions for their driver’s license. 2 (Restrictions Not Complied With) is used when the driver is not compliant with the restrictions for their driver’s license. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 430 Compliance with License Restrictions – FARS Only D11 3 (Restrictions, Compliance Unknown) is used when it is known that this driver has restrictions on their license but compliance is not known. 9 (Unknown) is used when it is unknown if the driver is licensed or when it is unknown if a licensed driver had restrictions. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H4F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (2I0P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (5I0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0, (6I0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, and COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 00, COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 73, 74, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0, 1, NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS equals 99, NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 2, 7, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 1, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 73, (6L0P) (7I0P) (8J2P) (9J0P) (D260) (D690) (D700) (D730) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must be blank. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 0-3. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3, 9. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 6. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must equal 2. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must not equal 1-3, 9. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should not equal 0. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 73, 74. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 74. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should equal 2, and NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should equal 2, 7. 431 Driver Height – FARS Only D12 D12 - Driver Height – FARS Only FORMAT: 1 set 1 numeric, 1 set 2 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.DR_HGT ELEMENT VALUES: FEET Codes 0 2-8 9 INCHES Codes 00-11, 24-96 98 99 Attributes See Inches Actual Feet Unknown Attributes Actual Inches Other Unknown Definition: This element identifies a driver's height. Remarks: Use the driver licensing files to code this element. The Coroner’s Report may be used and may contain more current/accurate information. Code the driver’s height in feet and inches, if available. Inches less than 10 must be right-justified with a leading “0” (e.g., nine inches is coded “09”). If Height is only available in total inches, then code INCHES and code FEET as “0.” The tallest Height that can be recorded in total INCHES is 96 inches (8 ft.). The tallest Height that can be recorded in FEET and INCHES is 8 ft. – 11 inches. If the driver is taller than 96 inches, then you must code Height as feet and inches. If the driver is taller than 8 ft. – 11 inches, then you must code the DRIVER HEIGHT as “Other” (0 FEET, 98 INCHES). DRIVER HEIGHT less than “3 Feet” or greater than “7 Feet – 0 Inches” or less than “36 Inches” or greater than “0 Feet – 84 Inches” will raise an error flag. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1HDF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (4H1P) DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES is less than 12, (4H2P) DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES is greater than 11, (4H3P) DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET is 2-8, (4H4P) DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET equals 9, (4H5P) DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES equals 99, (4H6P) DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES equals 98, (4H7P) DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET is 0, (D600) DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES is greater than 11, (D610) DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET is not blank, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DRIVER HEIGHT (feet and inches) must equal blank. DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET must not be blank. DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET must equal 0. DRIVER HEIGHT/ INCHES must equal 00-11. DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES must equal 99. DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET must equal 9. DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET must equal 0. DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES must equal 24-96, 98. DRIVER HEIGHT/INCHES should not be less than 48. DRIVER HEIGHT/FEET should not be less than 3. 432 Driver Height – FARS Only Check (U260) (U280) IF UNLIKELY: DRIVER HEIGHT is less than 3 feet or greater than 7 feet, verify data. UNLIKELY: DRIVER HEIGHT is less than 36 inches or greater than 84 inches, verify data. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D12 THEN --- 433 Driver Weight – FARS Only D13 D13 - Driver Weight – FARS Only FORMAT: 3 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.DR_WGT ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 040-700 998 999 Attributes Actual weight in pounds Other Unknown Definition: This element identifies a driver's weight. Remarks: Use the driver licensing files to code this element. The Coroner’s Report may be used and may contain more current/accurate information. Code the driver’s weight in pounds, if available. Weight should be right justified. Weights less than 100 lbs. must be coded with a leading “0” in the left-most position (e.g., 98 lbs. is coded “098”). DRIVER WEIGHT less than 50 lbs. or greater than 399 lbs. will raise an error flag. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1HEF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (U290) UNLIKELY: DRIVER WEIGHT is less than 50 lbs. or greater than 399 lbs., verify data. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DRIVER WEIGHT must equal blank. -- 434 Driver Level Counters – FARS Only D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 - Driver Level Counters – FARS Only D14 - Previous Recorded Crashes* D15 - Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations* D16 - Previous DWI Convictions* D17 - Previous Speeding Convictions* D18 - Previous Other Moving Violation Convictions* FORMAT: 2 numeric for each element SAS NAME: Vehicle.PREV_ACC, Vehicle.PREV_SUS, Vehicle.PREV_DWI, Vehicle.PREV_SPD, Vehicle.PREV_OTH ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01-97 98 99 Attributes None Actual Value, but any value greater than 05 will be questioned (except for “Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations” when any value greater than 10 will be questioned). Crashes not reported on Driving Record (valid only for Previous Recorded Crashes) Unknown Definition for Previous Recorded Crashes: This element records any previous crashes for this driver. Count only events occurring within five years from the crash date. Definition for Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations: This element records any previous license suspensions or revocations for this driver. Count only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. If it can be identified on the driving record, do not include in this count recorded suspensions and revocations resulting from non-traffic related issues or offenses (e.g., failure to pay child support, failure to appear in court for a non-driving offense, a suspension imposed for a drug-related offense not involving the operation of a motor vehicle). Also note that “cancellation” of a CDL license is not counted here. Definition for Previous DWI Convictions: This element records any previous DWI convictions for this driver. Count only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. Definition for Previous Speeding Convictions: This element records any previous Speeding convictions for this driver. Count only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. Definition for Previous Other Moving Violation Convictions: This element records any other previous moving violation convictions for this driver. Count only the events occurring within five years from the crash date. This count excludes non-moving violations noted in the driver history. Examples include, registration or title violations, operating a motor vehicle without insurance, failure to pay required toll, improper/illegal parking, leaving child unattended in vehicle, driving on a suspended/revoked license, etc. Remarks: If a driver has been DISQUALIFIED for a CDL, record this event in PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS. DO NOT include the current crash in any of the counters. Remember there is a difference between a violation and a conviction. The violation is not counted in Previous DWI, Previous Speeding, and Previous Other Moving Violation Convictions. These elements refer ONLY TO CONVICTIONS. Both convictions and violations appear on driver records in many states. Be careful that you code the conviction dates and NOT the violation dates. DWI refers to both alcohol and drug convictions. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 435 Driver Level Counters – FARS Only D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 When you are responding to another state’s request for driver data, do the following: 1. In the counters, record both in-state and out-of-state convictions, crashes, suspensions, and revocations that appear on your state’s record. 2. List out-of-state activity that is included in the counters in the area provided on the OUT-OF-STATE DRIVER DATA RESPONSE (see Figure 19). The Out-of-State Driver Data Response is provided through the message system. Figure 19: Example of an Out of State Driver Data Response Form 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 436 Driver Level Counters – FARS Only D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 Drivers can have a driving record or driver’s license from more than one state. When you are coding the driver level counter elements (Crashes, Suspensions, Revocations, DWI, Speeding, and Other Moving Violation Convictions), be sure to combine distinct events from all of the records you have. Be careful not to double-count the same event. Also use Related Factors – Driver Level 89 (Driver has a Driving Record or Driver’s License from More Than One State) when this situation occurs. PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS includes all other motor vehicle convictions. Some examples of convictions include: • running a red light, • reckless driving, • improper lane changing, • failure to yield, etc. * For Element _____, Values greater than ____ are unlikely and will raise an error flag: Element Value PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES 8 PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS 10 PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS 8 PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS 8 PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS 8 Make sure you know what constitutes a MOVING VIOLATION in your state. The DMV should be able to help you determine these. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H7F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H8F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1H9F) (1H0F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HAF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1J0P) (1J1P) any counter equals 99, any counter equals 99, (1J2P) any counter equals 99, (2J0P) all counters are not blanks and PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES is not equal to 98 and any counter are not equal to 00, 99, all counters are not blanks and PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES is not equal to 98 and any counter are not equal to 00, 99, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (2J1P) (3I1P) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES must be blank. PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS must be blank. PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS must be blank. PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS must be blank. PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS must be blank. all counters must equal 99. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 999999. DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 999999. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must not equal 000000, 999999. DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must not equal 000000, 999999. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES must equal 99. 437 Driver Level Counters – FARS Only Check (3I2P) IF DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I3P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I4P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (3I5P) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 99, (4J0P) all counters are not blanks and the sum of all counters less than 98 is equal to 1, (CJ00) PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES equals 98, (D010) (D020) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, (D030) (D040) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, (D050) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 96, 97, (D100) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D110) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D120) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D130) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D140) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 9, (D480) DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE equals 09, 13, 28, 30, 35, 49, UNLIKELY: PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES is greater than 8 and less than 98. UNLIKELY: PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS is greater than 10 and less than 98. UNLIKELY: PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS is greater than 8 and less than 98. (U210) (U220) (U230) 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 THEN all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS must equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS must equal 99. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION. DRIVER’S LICENSE STATE should equal 09, 13, 28, 30, 35, 49. PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 99. PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS RECORDED SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS DWI CONVICTIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS should equal 99. all driver history counters PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS should equal 99. PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES should equal 98. --- -- 438 Driver Level Counters – FARS Only Check (U240) (U250) IF UNLIKELY: PREVIOUS SPEEDING CONVICTIONS is greater than 8 and less than 98. UNLIKELY: PREVIOUS OTHER MOVING VIOLATION CONVICTIONS is greater than 8 and less than 98. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D14, D15, D16, D17, D18 THEN -- -- 439 Date of First and Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction – FARS Only D19, D20 D19, D20 - Date of First and Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction FARS Only FORMAT: 1 set 2 numeric, 1 set 4 numeric for each element. SAS NAME: Vehicle.FIRST_MO, Vehicle.FIRST_YR / Vehicle.LAST_MO, Vehicle.LAST_YR ELEMENT VALUES: MONTH Codes 00 01-12 99 Attributes No Record Actual Month Unknown YEAR Codes 0000 -9999 Attributes No Record All 4 Digits of Actual Year Unknown Definition for Date of First Crash, Suspension, Conviction: This element identifies the date of the first crash, suspension, or conviction recorded in elements D14 through D18. Count only dates of events occurring within five years from the crash date. Definition for Date of Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction: This element identifies the date of the last crash, suspension, or conviction recorded in elements D14 through D18. Count only dates of events occurring within five years from the crash date. Remarks: If it can be identified on the driving record, do not include recorded suspensions and revocations resulting from non-traffic related issues or offenses (e.g., failure to pay child support, failure to appear in court for a non-driving offense, a suspension imposed for a drug-related offense not involving the operation of a motor vehicle). Code only dates of events occurring within five years from the crash date. Code the month and year in that order. This element, although it contains two pieces of information, should be treated as one element. That is never leave month blank without leaving the year blank, and vice versa. Consistency Checks: Check IF (1HCF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1HBF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (1J1P) If any counter equals 99, (1J2P) If any counter equals 99, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be blank. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be blank. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 999999. DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 999999. 440 Date of First and Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction – FARS Only Check (2J0P) (2J1P) (2K0P) (3J1P) IF all counters are not blanks and PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES is not equal to 98 and any counter are not equal to 00, 99, all counters are not blanks and PREVIOUS RECORDED CRASHES is not equal to 98 and any counter are not equal to 00, 99, DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be less than or equal to DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION. all counters equal 00, (4J0P) all counters are not blanks and the sum of all counters less than 98 is equal to 1, (4K2P) Month of DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION equals 00, Year of DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION equals 0000, If the sum of all counters less than 98 is greater than fifteen, (4K3P) (5J0P) (5K0P) (990P) (D150) The Year of DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must be within five years of the Year of CRASH DATE. any counter equals 99, the sum of all counters less than 98 is greater than five but less than fifteen, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D19, D20 THEN DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must not equal 000000, 999999. DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must not equal 000000, 999999. -- DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 000000. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION. Year (of same) must equal 0000. Month (of same) must equal 00. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must not equal DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION. -- all counters and DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION and DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION must equal 9999. DATE OF LAST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION should not equal DATE OF FIRST CRASH, SUSPENSION, CONVICTION. 441 Violations Charged D21 D21 - Violations Charged FORMAT: 2 numeric. Select all the apply. SAS NAME: Violatn.MVIOLATN ELEMENT VALUES: Reckless/Careless/Hit-and-Run Type Offenses Codes Attributes 00 None 01 Manslaughter or homicide 02 Willful reckless driving; driving to endanger; negligent driving 03 Unsafe reckless (not willful, wanton reckless) driving 04 Inattentive, careless, improper driving 10 Use of Telecommunications Device 05 Fleeing or eluding police 06 Fail to obey police, fireman, authorized person directing traffic 07 Hit-and-run, fail to stop after crash 08 Fail to give aid, information, wait for police after crash 09 Serious violation resulting in death Impairment Offenses Codes Attributes 11 Driving while intoxicated (alcohol or drugs) or BAC above limit (any detectable BAC for CDLs) 12 Driving while impaired 13 Driving under influence of substance not intended to intoxicate 14 Drinking while operating 15 Illegal possession of alcohol or drugs 16 Driving with detectable alcohol 18 Refusal to submit to chemical test 19 Alcohol, drug or impairment violations generally Speed-Related Offenses Codes Attributes 21 Racing 22 Speeding (above the speed limit) 23 Speed greater than reasonable & prudent (not necessarily over the limit) 24 Exceeding special limit (e.g.: for trucks, buses, cycles, or on bridge, in school zone, etc.) 25 Energy speed (exceeding 55 mph, non-pointable) 26 Driving too slowly 29 Speed related violations, generally 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 442 Violations Charged D21 Rules of the Road – Traffic Sign & Signals Codes Attributes 31 Fail to stop for red signal 32 Fail to stop for flashing red 33 Violation of turn on red (fail to stop & yield, yield to pedestrians before turning) 34 Fail to obey flashing signal (yellow or red) 35 Fail to obey signal, generally 36 Violate RR grade crossing device/regulations 37 Fail to obey stop sign 38 Fail to obey yield sign 39 Fail to obey traffic control device Rules of the Road – Turning, Yielding, Signaling Codes Attributes 41 Turn in violation of traffic control (disobey signs, turn arrow or pavement markings; this is not a right-on-red violation) 42 Improper method & position of turn (too wide, wrong lane) 43 Fail to signal for turn or stop 45 Fail to yield to emergency vehicle 46 Fail to yield, generally 48 Enter intersection when space insufficient 49 Turn, yield, signaling violations, generally Rules of the Road – Wrong Side, Passing & Following Codes Attributes 51 Driving wrong way on one-way road 52 Driving on left, wrong side of road, generally 53 Improper, unsafe passing 54 Pass on right (drive off pavement to pass) 55 Pass stopped school bus 56 Fail to give way when overtaken 58 Following too closely 59 Wrong side, passing, following violations, generally Rules of the Road – Lane Usage Codes Attributes 61 Unsafe or prohibited lane change 62 Improper use of lane (enter of 3-lane road, HOV designated lane) 63 Certain traffic to use right lane (trucks, slow-moving, etc.) 66 Motorcycle lane violations (more than two per lane, riding between lanes, etc.) 67 Motorcyclist attached to another vehicle 69 Lane violations, generally 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 443 Violations Charged D21 Non-Moving – License and Registration Violations Codes Attributes 71 Driving while license withdrawn 72 Other driver license violations 73 Commercial driver violations (log book, hours, permits carried) 74 Vehicle registration violations 75 Fail to carry insurance card 76 Driving uninsured vehicle 79 Non-moving violations, generally Equipment Codes Attributes 81 Lamp violations 82 Brake violations 83 Failure to require restraint use (by self or passengers) 84 Motorcycle equipment violations (helmet, special equipment) 85 Violation of hazardous cargo regulations 86 Size, weight, load violations 89 Equipment violations, generally License and Registration Violations Codes Attributes 91 Parking 92 Theft, unauthorized use of motor vehicle 93 Driving where prohibited (sidewalk, limited access, off truck route) 97 Not Reported 98 Other moving violation (coasting, backing, opening door) 99 Unknown VIOLATION(s) Definition: This element identifies all violations, citations, and infractions noted as charged to this driver in this crash. Remarks: This refers to those violations to the Vehicle Code charged as noted on the police accident report. Code all violations listed on the PAR for this driver regardless of ownership of the vehicle (e.g., "borrowed", "fleet", "rental cars", etc.). If you are unable to distinguish between the violations within a specific category, use the General Code (i.e., 09, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89) for that category. 00 (None) is used when there is indication that no violations were charged to this driver or when no violations are noted in the case materials for this driver and that indicates no violations were charged to the driver. CRSS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: In cases where the investigating officer has designated “pending” in the case materials use 00 (None). 71 (Driving While License Withdrawn) would include violations for operating a vehicle with a suspended or revoked driver's license or violating the provisions of a work permit. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 444 Violations Charged D21 72 (Other Driver License Violations) is used when the driver is cited for not complying with learner’s permit or intermediate driver license restrictions (GDL Restrictions) or if the driver's license has expired. This attribute is also used when the driver has been cited for driving without a license (i.e., never been issued a license. For suspended or revoked, see 71 (Driving While License Withdrawn)). 97 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 97 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials) 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown Violation(s)) is used when it is known that this driver had one or more violations but the specific violation(s) or violation category(ies) cannot be identified. Examples: • If it is known a driver had two violations but they cannot be identified code 99 (Unknown Violation(s)) once. • If the driver has a known specific violation(s) and other unspecified violation(s) code all the specific violation(s) and code 99 (Unknown Violation(s)) once. FARS SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: In cases where the investigating officer has designated “pending”, always follow up whenever possible to confirm a violation was charged before entering 00 (None) or 99 (Unknown). Consistency Checks: Check IF (1H6F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (6K0P) VIOLATION CHARGED equals 71, (7K0P) any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 71, (7K1P) VIOLATIONS CHARGED code 99 must not be used more than once per driver. VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 07, 08, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 31-35, 37, VIOLATION CHARGED equals 01-06, 09, 3169, 81-91, 98, VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 11-19, and PERSON TYPE equals 01, 03, (8K0P) (A270) (D080) (D090) (D350) VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 71, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN VIOLATIONS CHARGED must be blank. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 0, 1, 2, or COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS must equal 01, 02, 05. -HIT-AND-RUN must not equal 0. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should equal 01-20, 98. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should not all equal 00, 99. POLICE REPORTED ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT should equal 1, or POLICE REPORTED DRUG INVOLVEMENT should equal 1. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS should not equal 0, 3, 6, 9. 445 Violations Charged Check (D500) IF VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 05, (D530) any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 36 for a vehicle involved in the first harmful event, VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 66, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 83, (D560) (D570) (D580) (D5A0) (D5B0) (D5E0) (U440) VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 85, VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 21-25, 29, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 11-13, 18, 19, any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 00 or 97, UNLIKELY: VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 97. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D21 THEN at least one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should equal 20. RELATION TO JUNCTION (b) should equal 06. BODY TYPE should equal 80-83, 88, 89. not all occupants of this vehicle should have RESTRAINT SYSTEM/HELMET USE equal to 01-05, 08, 10-12, 16, 19. HM1 should equal 2. SPEEDING RELATED must equal 2-5. at least one CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) should equal 09. only that one code and no other must be coded for this driver. -- 446 Speeding Related D22 D22 - Speeding Related FORMAT: 1 numeric SAS NAME: Vehicle.Speedrel ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 0 2 3 4 5 9 Attributes No Yes, Racing Yes, Exceeded Speed Limit Yes, Too Fast for Conditions Yes, Specifics Unknown Unknown Definition: This element identifies if the driver's speed was related to the crash as identified by law enforcement. Remarks: If the case materials state that more than one condition was present at the same time, enter the code with the lowest value. For example, if the driver was charged with “Too Fast for Conditions” and had a factor recorded for “Exceeded Speed Limit”, you would use code 3 (Yes, Exceeded Speed Limit) because that has a lower value than 4 (Yes, Too Fast for Conditions). Speed can be indicated in the case materials by the police issuing a citation for a speed offense, by their indicating a related or contributing factor, or through a description in the narrative. 0 (No) is used if the case materials do not indicate any speed related charges (violations, citations) and do not indicate any speed related factors. 2 (Yes, Racing) is used when two or more motor vehicles are engaged in a speed-related competition on the trafficway. 3 (Yes, Exceeded Speed Limit) is used when a motor vehicle is traveling above the posted/statutory speed limit on certain designated roadways and/or by certain types of vehicles; e.g., for trucks, buses, motorcycles, on bridge, at night, in school zone, etc.). Do not compare an estimated travel speed to the posted speed limit for determining the correct attribute for this data element. This attribute would apply in a case where law enforcement reports actual or estimated speed as unknown and still identifies exceeding the speed limit as a factor. 4 (Yes, Too Fast for Conditions) is used when a vehicle is traveling at a speed that was unsafe for the road, weather, traffic or other environmental conditions at the time. 5 (Yes, Specifics Unknown) is used when it is known that Speed or Speeding applies but it cannot be determined which of the more specific attributes apply. 9 (Unknown) is used if the police state that the circumstances of the crash are unknown (i.e., it is unknown what factors, if any, may have been present at the time of the crash). Consistency Checks: Check IF (1HFF) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (D5A0) VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 21-25, 29, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN SPEEDING RELATED must be blank. SPEEDING RELATED must equal 2-5. 447 Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash D23/NM14 D23/NM14 - Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash FORMAT: 2 numeric. Select all that apply SAS NAME: Drimpair.DRIMPAIR ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 96 98 99 Attributes None/Apparently Normal Ill, Blackout Asleep or Fatigued Walking with a Cane or Crutches, etc. Paraplegic or Restricted to Wheelchair Impaired Due to Previous Injury Deaf Blind Emotional (depressed, angry, disturbed, etc.) Under the Influence of Alcohol, Drugs or Medication Physical Impairment – No Details Other Physical Impairment Not Reported Unknown If Impaired Definition: This element identifies physical impairments to this driver or non-motorist which may have contributed to the cause of the crash as identified by law enforcement. Remarks: Select all that apply. These impairments can appear anywhere in the case materials--in the narrative section, in the violations section, in a column entitled “Contributing Factors” or “Driver Action”, etc. Do not consider pedestrian, non-motorist or witness statements unless verified by the investigating police officer by being reported in the narrative section of the crash report. 00 (None/Apparently Normal) is used when: • When the case materials make a positive statement that the individual was apparently normal or “none” was indicated on the PAR. • When the case materials do not indicate an impairment in an available field and not reporting an impairment in that field indicates 00 (None/Apparently Normal). • When the investigating officer o is limited in the number of factors that can be displayed o and cannot select an impairment in addition to another factor relevant to the crash o and some other factor is selected o and no other indication of impairment exists in the case materials. • For omission of information see 98 (Not Reported) guidance below. 01 (Ill, Blackout) is used when indicated in the case materials. Enter this attribute even if the source of the illness or loss of consciousness is alcohol or drug related. Use this attribute if the driver or non-motorist had fainted and/or seizures were identified. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 448 Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash D23/NM14 02 (Asleep or Fatigued) is used when indicated in the case materials. Also, use this attribute when the investigating officer indicates the person was drowsy or sleepy. Alcohol or other drugs may be the source of this impairment. 03 (Walking with a Cane or Crutches, etc.) is used when non-motorist is walking with a cane, walker, knee scooter, or crutches when indicated in the case materials. 04 (Paraplegic or Restricted to Wheelchair) is used if this person has to use a wheelchair or is paraplegic (may or may not have used a wheelchair). 05 (Impaired Due to Previous Injury) is used if the case materials specifically indicate this condition (e.g., if a person is involved in this crash subsequent to his/her involvement in a previous crash in which the person was injured). This attribute should be extremely rare. 06 (Deaf) is used when this condition is attributed to this person in the case materials. 07 (Blind) is used when this condition is attributed to this person in the case materials. 08 (Emotional [depressed, angry, disturbed, etc.]) is used when the person is arguing with someone, is having a disagreement, is depressed, and/or is emotionally upset. 09 (Under the Influence of Alcohol, Drugs or Medication) is used when the investigating officer indicates that the individual was under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication. This attribute excludes interpretation of test results by the analyst/coder. 10 (Physical Impairment-No Details) is used when the case materials indicate a physical impairment existed but provides no further details about the impairment. 96 (Other Physical Impairment) is used when the case materials indicate that a physical impairment was involved but it isn’t a listed attribute. 98 (Not Reported) If a state’s crash report manual instructs to leave blank data blocks that are not applicable, then a blank in those data blocks are NOT considered “Not Reported”. Code 98 (Not Reported) in these two situations: 1. No field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report to provide the information to code this element AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 2. A field or coding block exists on the state’s crash report that would provide the information needed to code this element, but it has been left blank, AND no other information is available to code the element (e.g., narrative, diagram, case materials). 99 (Unknown if Impaired) is used if the investigating officer states that the physical impairment of this person is unknown. Hit-and-Run drivers are included in this attribute. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 449 Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash D23/NM14 Consistency Checks: Check IF (4X2F) any CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) equals 00 or 98 or 99, (4X4F) any CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) equals 09, (6H1P) (B17P) (D5B0) (U530) (U682) THEN only that one code and no other must be coded for this driver. POLICE REPORTED ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT (P16) or POLICE REPORTED DRUG INVOLVEMENT (P19) should equal 1 for this person. DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) must be blank. CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRITICAL EVENT: PRECRASH (EVENT) should not CRASH (D23) equals 09 for this driver, equal 08 for this driver’s vehicle. any VIOLATIONS CHARGED equals 11-13, 18, at least one CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME 19, OF CRASH (D23) should equal 09. UNLIKELY: any CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT -TIME OF CRASH (D23) equals 03, 05 or 07. UNLIKELY: CRITICAL EVENT: PRECRASH -(EVENT) equals 08 for this vehicle and CONDITION (IMPAIRMENT) AT TIME OF CRASH (D23) does not equal 01 for this vehicle’s driver. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 450 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 D24 - Related Factors – Driver Level FORMAT: 2 numeric occurring 4 times SAS NAME: Vehicle.DR_SF1, Vehicle.DR_SF2, Vehicle.DR_SF3, Vehicle.DR_SF4 ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00 Attributes None Physical/Mental Condition: Codes Attributes 06 Careless Driving 08 Aggressive Driving / Road Rage *13 Mentally Challenged *04 Reaction to or Failure to Take Drugs/Medication *12 Mother of Dead Fetus/Mother of Infant Born Post Crash Miscellaneous Factors: Codes Attributes *15 Seat Back Not in Normal Upright Position, Seat Back Reclined 18 Traveling on Prohibited Trafficways *19 Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License 20 Leaving Vehicle Unattended with Engine Running. Leaving Vehicle Unattended in Roadway 21 Overloading or Improper Loading of Vehicle with Passengers or Cargo 22 Towing or Pushing Improperly 23 Failure to Dim Lights or to Have Lights on When Required 24 Operating Without Required Equipment *26 Following Improperly *27 Improper or Erratic Lane Changing *28 Improper Lane Usage *29 Intentional Illegal Driving on Road Shoulder, in Ditch, on Sidewalk, or on Median *30 Making Improper Entry to or Exit from Trafficway *31 Starting or Backing Improperly 32 Opening Closure into Moving Traffic or While Vehicle is in Motion *33 Passing Where Prohibited by Posted Signs, Pavement Markings, or School Bus Displaying Warning Not to Pass *34 Passing on Right Side *35 Passing with Insufficient Distance, or Inadequate Visibility, or Failing to Yield to Overtaking Vehicle 36 Operating the Vehicle in an Erratic, Reckless, or Negligent Manner 16 Police or Law Enforcement Officer 37 Police Pursuing This Driver or Police Officer in Pursuit *38 Failure to Yield Right-of-Way *39 Failure to Obey Actual Traffic Signs, Traffic Control Devices, or Traffic Officers. Failure to Obey Safety Zone Traffic Laws *40 Passing Through or Around Barrier *41 Failure to Observe Warnings or Instructions on Vehicles Displaying Them 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 451 Related Factors – Driver Level Codes *42 *45 *47 *48 50 51 *52 *53 54 58 59 D24 Attributes Failure to Signal Intentions Driving Less Than Posted Minimum Making Right Turn from Left-Turn Lane, Left Turn from Right-Turn Lane Making Other Improper Turn Driving Wrong Way on One-Way Trafficway Driving on Wrong Side of Two-Way Trafficway (Intentional or Unintentional) Operator Inexperience Unfamiliar with Roadway Stopped in Roadway (Vehicle Not Abandoned) Overcorrecting Getting Off/Out of a Vehicle Special Circumstances: Codes Attributes *73 Driver Has Not Complied with Learner’s Permit or Intermediate Driver License Restrictions (GDL Restrictions) *74 Driver Has Not Complied with Physical or Other Imposed Restrictions (not including GDL Restrictions) *89 Driver has a Driving Record or Driver’s License from More Than One State 91 Non-Traffic Violation Charged (manslaughter, homicide, or other assault offense committed without malice) Skidding, Swerving, Sliding Due To: Codes Attributes *77 Severe Crosswind *78 Wind from Passing Truck *79 Slippery or Loose Surface *80 Tire Blowout or Flat *81 Debris or Objects in Road *82 Ruts, Holes, Bumps in Road *83 Live Animals in Road *84 Vehicle in Road *85 Phantom Vehicle *86 Pedestrian, Pedal Cyclist, or Other Non-Motorist *87 Ice, Snow, Slush, Water, Sand, Dirt, Oil, Wet Leaves on Road *88 Trailer Fishtailing or Swaying Unknown: Codes Attributes 99 Unknown * FARS ONLY ATTRIBUTES Definition: This element identifies factors related to this driver expressed by the investigating officer. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 452 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 Remarks: Code information provided by the investigating officer in the narrative, contributing factors/ circumstances field or citations/violations section on the crash report. This is a nominal list only and does NOT imply a hierarchy. However, if more than four factors apply to this driver, capture those which cannot be collected elsewhere in the data. NOTE: RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL SHOULD BE CODED ONLY FOR “IN-TRANSPORT VEHICLES” (UNIT TYPE “1”). RELATED FACTORS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANTS OTHER THAN DRIVERS OF “IN-TRANSPORT" VEHICLES SHOULD BE CODED UNDER RELATED FACTORS-PERSON (MV OCCUPANT) LEVEL (INCLUDING ALL OCCUPANTS IN UNIT TYPES “2, 3, AND 4”.) 00 (None) is used when no applicable related factors are noted in the case materials, including hit-and-run vehicle drivers when no factors are identified or reported by the officer for this vehicle or driver. Zero-fill all fields. Also, use 00 (None) to complete the remaining fields when you will be recording less than four driver related factors. DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank. Physical/Mental Condition: 06 (Careless Driving) is used when the case materials include a factor or note a violation indicating careless driving. Examples include: • driving without due care • operating a motor vehicle in a careless manner • failure to give full time and attention • inattentive operation. 08 (Aggressive Driving/Road Rage) is used when the case materials include a factor or note a violation identifying aggressive driving behavior. The officer must use the term "Aggressive" in describing this driver's behavior. You may encounter the term "Road Rage" used to describe aggressive driving behavior. The two terms are not technically interchangeable but both will be coded here. *13 (Mentally Challenged) is used when the case materials identify that the driver has a mental illness or intellectual disorder. *04 (Reaction to or Failure to Take Drugs/Medication) is used when the case materials identify that this driver had an allergic reaction to medication/drugs, a reaction to drug interaction (over the counter and/or prescribed), or if there is information identifying that the driver failed to take required medication. 12 (Mother of Dead Fetus/Mother of Infant Born Post Crash) is used when the case materials identify that this driver is the mother of a fetus that died in or as a result of this crash or it is identified that this driver gave birth after the crash whether the child survives or not. Note that for crash classification purposes, a fetus is considered to be part of a pregnant woman rather than a separate individual and, thus, is not counted as a separate occupant in the crash. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 453 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 Miscellaneous Factors: *15 (Seat Back Not in Normal Upright Position, Seat Back Reclined) is used when the case materials identify that this driver’s seat back was not in a normal, safe driving position prior to the crash. 18 (Traveling on Prohibited Trafficways) is used when the case materials identify this driver was driving on an open trafficway that prohibited travel for the kind of vehicle they were operating. For example, driving a moped on an interstate, driving a truck where prohibited, or operating a vehicle with hazardous materials cargo where prohibited. For trucks or slower vehicles using the left lane when prohibited, use 28 (Improper Lane Usage). *19 (Legally Driving on Suspended or Revoked License) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s license was suspended/revoked but they were legally driving at the time of the crash. For example, occupational restricted licenses typically allow drivers to drive to work, school, community service or certain other activities, with restrictions including the times of day, days of week and areas to which they may drive. Drivers whose licenses have been suspended or revoked for certain alcohol- or drug-related offenses can apply for ignition interlock restricted licenses. These licenses permit them to drive if they use an ignition interlock device, which tests breath for alcohol consumption, installed in their car. 20 (Leaving Vehicle Unattended with Engine Running. Leaving Vehicle Unattended in Roadway) is used when the case materials identify this driver took improper actions where their vehicle was left in a location intentionally and the driver was not present in or in close proximity to the vehicle. Examples include: • Leaving the vehicle curbside or in a driveway with a running engine. • Abandoning a non-running vehicle in the middle of traffic. • "Double-parked” • "Parked on a bridge or tunnel" • "Parking within an intersection" 21 (Overloading or Improper Loading of Vehicle with Passengers or Cargo) is used when the case materials identify this driver improperly loaded the vehicle occupants or cargo into or on the vehicle. Examples include: • The vehicle had more than 3 passengers in the front seat. • There were persons riding on the exterior of the vehicle. • The vehicle was carrying occupants that were sitting or standing on the rails, tailgate of a pickup, or improperly sitting in the bed of a pickup. • More than one person secured in a belt restraint. • An unsecured or uncovered load violation. • The vehicle's trunk was open with extra-large cargo protruding. • The case materials state the vehicle was overweight, over length or illegally or improperly oversize. 22 (Towing or Pushing Improperly) is used when the case materials identify this driver was operating the vehicle that was towing another vehicle with an improper connection (e.g., by rope or cable) or was pushing another vehicle in a dangerous manner (e.g., bumper to bumper). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 454 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 23 (Failure to Dim Lights or to Have Lights on When Required) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to use proper headlight beams, failed to reduce high beams for an approaching vehicle or when following another vehicle or used fog lights when prohibited. Examples include: • The vehicle has its headlamps adjusted improperly causing glare. • The vehicle failed to have its headlights on in a tunnel. • A motorcycle not using lights as required. 24 (Operating Without Required Equipment) is used when the case materials identify this driver was operating the vehicle without a required piece of equipment or with required equipment being inoperable. For seatbelts, child restraints, and motorcycle helmets do not use this attribute when there is indication that an available restraint was not used (i.e., PAR Restraint Use box is marked as "Not Used"). Examples include: • Defective or no lamps, brakes, mirrors, muffler, flares, wipers, horn, snow tires, chains, etc. • A vehicle does not have extended side mirrors when required (e.g. when pulling a trailer). • A vehicle driving in snow without snow tires when required. • If the seatbelts have been removed from the vehicle. • If there was no child safety seat(s) in the vehicle when required for the occupant(s). • For a motorcycle rider that had no helmet with them when required by law. • If the vehicle failed to have an airbag(s) reinstalled after a prior crash. *26 (Following Improperly) is used when the case materials identify this driver followed too closely. Examples include: • Following a fire truck too closely. • Failure to maintain a safe passing distance between trucks. • Following another vehicle in a caravan too closely to allow entry by a merging vehicle. • Following too close, generally. Also code for cases where the case materials document the vehicle was following too closely for weather conditions. NOTE: 26 (Following Improperly) denotes “after or before the process of lane change” while 27 (Improper or Erratic Lane Changing) signifies “in the process.” *27 (Improper or Erratic Lane Changing) is used when the case materials identify this driver was making unsafe lane changes or failed to obey a "no lane change" sign or pavement marking prohibiting lane change. This may also be used in cases where the officer states the vehicle was weaving in and out of traffic. *28 (Improper Lane Usage) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to properly keep their vehicle in the appropriate lane of travel. This attribute does not apply to vehicles that run off the roadway or that cross the median. Also do not use this value for a vehicle that leaves its lane because of a previous impact or at the direction of a flagman or police officer. For situations where the vehicle is on the wrong side as a result of a passing maneuver, see 33 (Passing Where Prohibited by Posted Signs, Pavement Markings or School Bus Displaying Warning Not to Pass). See 51 (Driving on Wrong Side of Two-Way Trafficway [Intentional or Unintentional]) for Driving on Wrong Side of Road. Examples include: • A vehicle that “drove left of center” striking an oncoming vehicle (includes both crossing a painted centerline and failing to maintain the proper side of a 2 lane roadway with no painted centerline.) • A vehicle that goes straight in a turn lane. • A vehicle that was using more than one lane on its side of a multi-lane highway. • Trucks, buses, or slow vehicles failing to keep right for faster moving traffic. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 455 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 *29 (Intentional Illegal Driving on Road Shoulder, in Ditch, on Sidewalk, or on Median) is used when the case materials identify this driver was intentionally illegally driving in a location off of the roadway (e.g. shoulder, median, roadside, etc.) This attribute should not be used when the vehicle enters one of these locations as part of an avoidance maneuver or as a result of a critical or harmful event. Also do not use this value for a vehicle that leaves its lane at the direction of a flagman or police officer. *30 (Making Improper Entry to or Exit from Trafficway) is used when the case materials identify this driver made an improper entry to or exit from the trafficway. For improper entry of the roadway from a parked or stopped position see 31 (Starting or Backing Improperly). Examples include: • Driving onto or from a controlled access highway where prohibited. • A vehicle entering a highway from a roadside location like a front yard, adjacent pasture or field. • A vehicle entering a highway on an exit ramp or exiting on an entrance ramp. *31 (Starting or Backing Improperly) is used when the case materials identify this driver improperly entered the roadway from a parked or stopped position or improperly backed the vehicle in the roadway. Examples include: • Making an unsafe start from a parked position. • Backing up on a one-way roadway. • Starting onto a highway from a parked position on the shoulder. 32 (Opening Closure into Moving Traffic or While Vehicle is in Motion) is used when the case materials identify this driver improperly opened their door into moving traffic. This would include opening the trunk while the vehicle is in-transport. *33 (Passing Where Prohibited by Posted Signs, Pavement Markings or School Bus Displaying Warning Not to Pass) is used when the case materials identify this driver passed improperly by executing a passing maneuver where prohibited as designated by traffic controls or rules of the road. Examples include: • A vehicle passing a stopped school bus. • A vehicle crossing over the solid line to pass another vehicle. • Passing a vehicle stopped to allow a pedestrian movement. *34 (Passing on Right Side) is used when the case materials identify this driver was passing on the right side where it was prohibited. Includes passing on the right shoulder, emergency lane, or roadside. *35 (Passing with Insufficient Distance, or Inadequate Visibility, or Failing to Yield to Overtaking Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this driver exercised faulty judgment when passing or being passed. Examples include: • A vehicle passing uphill or in a curve that limits visibility. • Cutting off the other vehicle while passing or being passed. 36 (Operating the Vehicle in an Erratic, Reckless, or Negligent Manner) is used when the case materials identify this driver was operating the vehicle in an erratic, reckless, or negligent manner. These are circumstances where the driver is engaged in a driving behavior with willful or wanton disregard for safety. This attribute can be used in conjunction with other factors but must be explicitly stated on the police record. Examples include: • Driving erratically • Erratic lane changing • Suddenly changing speed 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 456 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 16 (Police or Law Enforcement Officer) is used when the case materials identify this driver was a federal, state, or local law enforcement officer working at the time of the crash. This attribute also includes military and park police, border patrol, and all other sworn law enforcement officers. 37 (Police Pursuing This Driver or Police Officer in Pursuit) is used when the case materials identify this driver was fleeing from or attempting to elude the police or this driver is a police officer engaged in a "pursuit" that is active at the time of crash. For a case where both the fleeing driver and pursuing officer are in-contact vehicles, this factor is used for both drivers. Identify the officer using factor 16 (Police or Law Enforcement Officer). Also see Related Factors-Crash Level, for use of 20 (Police Pursuit Involved)). Definition of Police Pursuit: A pursuit is an event that is initiated when a law enforcement officer, operating an authorized emergency vehicle, gives notice to stop (either through the use of visual or audible emergency signals or a combination of emergency devices) to a motorist who the officer is attempting to apprehend, and that motorist fails to comply with the signal by either maintaining his/her speed, increasing speed, or taking other evasive action to elude the officer’s continued attempts to stop the motorist. A pursuit is terminated when the motorist stops, or when the attempt to apprehend is discontinued by the officer, or at the direction of a competent authority. *38 (Failure to Yield Right-of-Way) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to yield the rightof-way. Examples include: • Failure to yield to pedestrian in a crosswalk. • Failure to yield at an intersection or merge. • Failure to yield to emergency vehicles. • Failure to yield to streetcar already in intersection. *39 (Failure to Obey Actual Traffic Signs, Traffic Control Devices or Traffic Officers, Failure to Obey Safety Zone Traffic Laws) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to obey an applicable traffic control device. If a driver stops as required but then fails to yield, use code 38 (Failure to Yield Right-of-Way) and not 39 (Failure to Obey Actual Traffic Signs, Traffic Control Devices or Traffic Officers, Failure to Obey Safety Zone Traffic Laws). Examples include: • Failure to obey flashing signal. • Violation of “No Turn On Red”. • Failure to obey lane use control signal. • Failure to obey stop signs. • Failure to obey yield sign (use both codes 38 (Failure to Yield Right-of-Way) and 39 (Failure to Obey Actual Traffic Signs, Traffic Control Devices or Traffic Officers, Failure to Obey Safety Zone Traffic Laws)). • Passing around railroad gates. • When vehicle does not stop when required by a traffic signal. *40 (Passing Through or Around Barrier) is used when the case materials identify this driver was driving in a prohibited area (play street, construction, etc.). This would denote "demarcated" areas. For driving around a railroad gate use 39 (Failure to Obey Actual Traffic Signs, Traffic Control Devices or Traffic Officers, Failure to Obey Safety Zone Traffic Laws). 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 457 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 *41 (Failure to Observe Warnings or Instructions on Vehicles Displaying Them) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to heed warnings or follow instructions displayed on other vehicles. Examples include: • Construction instructions such as arrows directing traffic mounted on a vehicle • Instructions on or warnings by emergency vehicles (ambulances, fire trucks, police cars) • Failure to observe a wide right-turn warning on trucks or buses • Failure to heed hazard lights on a disabled vehicle or a school bus arm *42 (Failure to Signal Intentions) is used when the case materials identify this driver failed to signal their intentions. This attribute includes a failure to signal by either lamp turn signal or hand. *45 (Driving Less Than Posted Minimum) is used when the case materials identify this driver was driving too slowly, or so as to impede traffic. *47 (Making Right Turn from Left-Turn Lane, Left Turn from Right-Turn Lane) is used when the case materials identify this driver was making an improper turn from a turn lane. To distinguish from 27 (Improper or Erratic Lane Changing) and 28 (Improper Lane Usage), police officer must indicate the driver's intention to turn to use this attribute. *48 (Making Other Improper Turn) is used when the case materials identify this driver made a turn that was improper because it was unsafe, poorly executed, or in bad judgment. This attribute excludes turns that are improper because they are prohibited (e.g., No Right on Red, turning left in violation of a traffic signal). Examples include: • a “too wide” right or left turn • an unsafe U-turn (from the shoulder, etc.). 50 (Driving Wrong Way on One-Way Trafficway) is used when the case materials identify this driver was driving in the wrong direction on a one-way trafficway. If this is a divided highway, although each side is “one-way,” driving against traffic should be coded as 51 (Driving on Wrong Side of Two-Way Trafficway [Intentional or Unintentional]). If the vehicle was going the wrong way on an entrance or exit ramp, also use 30 (Making Improper Entry to or Exit from Trafficway). 51 (Driving on Wrong Side of Two-Way Trafficway [Intentional or Unintentional]) is used when the case materials identify this driver was established in and driving on the wrong side of the highway. “Unintentional” means they may not be aware they are on the wrong side. For situations where a driver unintentionally crosses the centerline, see 28 (Improper Lane Usage). For situations where the vehicle is on the wrong side as a result of a passing maneuver, see 33 (Passing Where Prohibited by Posted Signs, Pavement Markings or School Bus Displaying Warning Not to Pass). Examples include: • Driving the wrong way/on the wrong side of a divided trafficway. • Driving on the wrong side of an undivided trafficway. • Driving the wrong way on a Rotary Intersection. • Driving on the left half of approaching bridge or tunnel. *52 (Operator Inexperience) is used when the case materials identify this driver lacks experience operating the vehicle they were driving at the time of the crash. Should be expressed by officer, driver, or passenger and not presumed based on age, rental status, or state of residence. Examples include: • A new/young recently licensed driver 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 458 Related Factors – Driver Level • • D24 A driver inexperienced in the operation of a large truck or bus (based on the judgment of the police officer) A person driving a rental car where they are unfamiliar with the vehicle *53 (Unfamiliar with Roadway) is used when the case materials identify this driver is unfamiliar with the area/location where they were driving when the crash occurred. Should be expressed by officer, driver, or passenger and not presumed based on age, rental status, or state of residence. Examples include: • A driver from out-of-state unfamiliar with area. • A driver operating on a new stretch of road or section of road altered because of construction and/or detour. 54 (Stopped in Roadway [Vehicle Not Abandoned]) is used when the case materials identify this driver stopped their vehicle in the roadway/travel lanes. It is intended to capture an unusual condition where a vehicle is stopped in the roadway with the driver present in or in close proximity to the vehicle. It includes both a vehicle in the process of stopping and “stopped” vehicles. It excludes typical “stopping” situations such as stopping in/for traffic, waiting to turn, or stopping for a traffic control. Examples include: • A vehicle disabled in a prior crash, • A vehicle with a flat tire • A vehicle that stops for debris in the roadway, etc. 58 (Overcorrecting) is used when the case materials identify this driver “overcorrected” based on the judgment of the police officer. This must be stated by the officer in the narrative or PAR field to be coded. Overcorrecting and Oversteering are technically different but this attribute may be selected for a PAR reported combination of the two (e.g. overcorrecting/oversteering). 59 (Getting Off/Out of a Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this driver was attempting to exit the vehicle when involved in the crash. It applies for either moving or non-moving vehicles. Skidding, Swerving, Sliding Due To: This set of attributes is applicable to the driver that attempted to avoid one of the following or whose ability to control the vehicle was affected by one of the following. *77 (Severe Crosswind) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by severe crosswinds. *78 (Wind from Passing Truck) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by winds produced by a passing truck. *79 (Slippery or Loose Surface) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by the surface composition of the roadway and/or the condition of that composition. Not to be used when the surface is slippery due to environment conditions such as rain, ice, or snow (see 87 (Ice, Snow, Slush, Water, Sand, Dirt, Oil or Wet Leaves on Road). Examples include: • A slippery surface that is old or worn resulting in loose gravel on the roadway. • Blacktop that is slick as a newly paved surface. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 459 Related Factors – Driver Level D24 *80 (Tire Blowout or Flat) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by a tire blowout or flat. *81 (Debris or Objects in Road) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of debris in the road. Examples would include: nails, glass, trash cans, tire retread, trash, dead animals, pile of sand, barricades, etc. *82 (Ruts, Holes, Bumps in Road) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of road surface anomalies such as ruts, holes, dips, or bumps. *83 (Live Animals in Road) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of a live animal(s) that was in the road. *84 (Vehicle in Road) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of another vehicle in the road. This includes both contact and non-contact vehicles that remain at the scene. *85 (Phantom Vehicle) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of a non-contact vehicle that left the scene as described by the police officer. *86 (Pedestrian, Pedal Cyclist, or Other Non-Motorist) is used when the case materials identify this driver attempted to avoid or lost control as a result of a pedestrian, a pedal cyclist (bicyclist), or other type of nonmotorist. *87 (Ice, Snow, Slush, Water, Sand, Dirt, Oil or Wet Leaves on Road) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by a substance on the roadway that caused the roadway to be slick, which may interfere with the traction of the vehicle. This attribute does not include part of the roadway composition. For cases involving roadway composition issues, see 79 (Slippery or Loose Surface). *88 (Trailer Fishtailing or Swaying) is used when the case materials identify this driver’s ability to control the vehicle was affected by a trailer fishtailing or swaying. This condition may or may not result in a jackknife. Special Circumstances (73, 74, 89, 91): 73 (Driver Has Not Complied with Learner’s Permit or Intermediate Driver License Restrictions [GDL Restrictions]) is used when the case materials identify this driver was a young driver and was not in compliance with a Learner’s Permit or Intermediate Driver License restriction under a state’s Graduated Driver’s License (GDL) program. Examples include: • Nighttime driving restrictions (e.g. midnight until 6:00 am). • Unsupervised driving restrictions (e.g., the driver must have a passenger over the age of 21 to legally drive the vehicle). • Passenger Restriction (e.g., the driver is only allowed one other passenger in the vehicle when driving). This should not be used for restrictions for eyeglasses, lenses, equipment or other physical restrictions (see 74 (Driver Has Not Complied with Other Imposed Restrictions [not including GDL Restrictions])). *74 (Driver Has Not Complied with Physical or Other Imposed Restrictions (not including GDL Restrictions) is used when the case materials identify this driver did not comply with physical or other imposed license restrictions. Examples include: • Driving without corrective lenses when required. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 460 Related Factors – Driver Level • • • D24 Driving without required equipment (e.g., automatic transmission, adaptive controls, etc.). Violating special privileges on a suspended/revoked license for other than permitted activities (e.g., driving permitted only to and from work). Not to be used for general “driving on a suspended or revoked license”. Driving vehicle without “Interlock System” when required. *89 (Driver has a Driving Record or Driver's License from More than One State) is used when the case materials identify this driver had any combination of a state or record in more than one state. This is coded regardless of the status of the license or the driving privilege of the driver at the time of the crash. 91 (Non-Traffic Violation Charged [Manslaughter, Homicide or Other Assault Offense Committed Without Malice]) is used when the case materials identify this driver will receive "Criminal" charges such as intoxicated assault or vehicular manslaughter. It would exclude other criminal offenses such as hit-and-run or failure to render aid at the scene of a crash. Unknown 99 (Unknown) is used when the circumstances surrounding the crash are unknown and reported as “unknown” by the investigating officer. In these circumstances, nine-fill all fields. If Unknown is used for any field, ALL fields must be 99 (Unknown). DO NOT leave any remaining fields blank *FARS ONLY ATTRIBUTES Consistency Checks: Check IF (1L0P) any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals blanks, (2H0F) DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, 9, (2L0P) (3L0P) (5L0F) (5L1F) (6K0P) (7L0P) (9C6P) (9L0F) (A080) any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equal 99, any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 00, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 20, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 04, 08, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 52, 53, 58, 59, 73, 74, 77-88, VIOLATION CHARGED equals 71, Any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL can be used only once per driver form. UNIT TYPE equals 2-4, PERSON TYPE equals 01, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 12, DRIVER PRESENCE equals 0, and FIRST HARMFUL EVENT equals 12, and NUMBER OF VEHICLE FORMS SUBMITTED equals 002, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN all RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must equal blanks. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 04, 08, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 52, 53, 58, 59, 73, 74, 77-88. then all RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must equal 99. all remaining RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must equal 00. DRIVER PRESENCE must not equal 1, 9. DRIVER PRESENCE must not equal 0 or 9. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. -RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must equal 0. SEX must equal 2, and AGE must be greater than 012. one RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 20. 461 Related Factors – Driver Level Check (D470) IF any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 37, Consistency Checks (FARS ONLY): Check IF (4L0P) any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 39 for this vehicle, (6L0P) COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, (7I0P) COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 1, and RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, (8I0P) NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS equals 0-4, 9, (8J2P) (8L0P) (BL0P) (D080) (D690) (D700) (D730) (V100) (V16P) RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 73, 74, LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE equals 0-2, 9, COMPLIANCE WITH CDL ENDORSEMENTS equals 1, and any RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 19, VIOLATION CHARGED equals 01-06, 09, 3169, 81-91, 98, NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 2, 7, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE equals 1, and COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS equals 2, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 73, HM1 equals 2, and RELATED FACTORSDRIVER LEVEL does not equal 19, RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL equals 88, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual D24 THEN at least one RELATED FACTORS-CRASH LEVEL should equal 20. THEN TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE should not equal 00 for this vehicle. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. NON-CDL LICENSE STATUS must equal 6. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS must equal 2. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL must not equal 19. LICENSE COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS OF VEHICLE must equal 3. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should not all equal 00, 99. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 73, 74. RELATED FACTORS-DRIVER LEVEL should equal 74. COMPLIANCE WITH LICENSE RESTRICTIONS should equal 2, and NON-CDL LICENSE TYPE should equal 2, 7. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE STATUS should not equal 01, 02, 05. VEHICLE TRAILING must not equal 0, 9. 462 Driver License Number – CRSS Only D25 D25 - Driver License Number – CRSS Only FORMAT: 20 alphanumeric SAS NAME: ELEMENT VALUES: Codes 00000000000000000000 -98888888888888888888 99999999999999999999 Attributes No License Actual Driver License Number (DLN) No Driver Present Unknown Remarks: Enter the driver license number. Consistency Checks: Check IF (D092) any DRIVER LICENSE NUMBER that does not equal 0s or 9s, 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual THEN DRIVER LICENSE NUMBER must be unique within a crash. 463 Precrash Level Data Elements Precrash Level Data Elements PC1 – State Number – FARS Only PC2 – Consecutive Number – FARS Only Precrash Data Overview PC3 – Vehicle Number – Precrash Level PC4 – Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle PC5 – Trafficway Description PC6 – Total Lanes in Roadway PC7 – Speed Limit PC8 – Roadway Alignment PC9 – Roadway Grade PC10 – Roadway Surface Type – FARS Only PC11 – Roadway Surface Conditions PC12 – Traffic Control Device PC13 – Device Functioning PC14 – Driver’s Vision Obscured By PC15 – Driver Maneuvered to Avoid PC16 – Driver Distracted By PC17 – Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) PC18 – Critical Event – Precrash (Category) PC19 – Critical Event – Precrash (Event) PC20 – Attempted Avoidance Maneuver PC21 – Pre-Impact Stability PC22 – Pre-Impact Location PC23 – Crash Type 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 464 Precrash Data Overview Precrash Data Overview Precrash data elements are completed for each of the in-transport motor vehicles in the case. This means that the entire crash is first completed from the perspective of one vehicle, then from the perspective of a second vehicle, if any, and so forth. The precrash data elements are: • Driver Distracted By • Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) • Critical Precrash Category • Critical Precrash Event • Attempted Avoidance Maneuver • Pre-Impact Stability • Pre-Impact Location • Crash Type The precrash data elements are designed to identify the following: • What was this vehicle doing just prior to the critical precrash event? • What made this vehicle's situation critical? • What was the avoidance response, if any, to this critical situation? • What was the movement of the vehicle just prior to impact? The most important determination that must be made for each in-transport motor vehicle is: what was this vehicle's Critical Precrash Event, (i.e., what action by this vehicle, another vehicle, person, animal, or non-fixed object was critical to this vehicle's crash?). Once the critical event is determined, the remaining precrash data elements are coded relative to this selected Critical Precrash Event. Do not consider culpability as a factor for determining precrash data. Many crash scenarios will suggest fault, but this is considered coincidental rather than by design. Critical Crash Envelope The critical crash envelope begins at the point where: 1. the driver recognizes an impending danger (e.g., deer runs into the roadway), or 2. the vehicle is in an imminent path of collision with another vehicle, pedestrian, pedalcyclist, other nonmotorist, object, or animal. The critical crash envelope ends when: 1. all three: a. the driver has made a successful avoidance maneuver, and b. has full steering control, and c. the vehicle is tracking; OR 2. the driver's vehicle impacts another vehicle, pedestrian, pedalcyclist, other non-motorist, object, or animal. Simple Single Critical Crash Envelope Most crashes involve only a single critical crash envelope in which the object contacted is captured under the Critical Precrash Event, (e.g., a vehicle is traveling straight on a roadway and a deer runs into the roadway and is struck by the vehicle). This scenario, and similar ones, are very straightforward and will not present many problems. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 465 Precrash Data Overview Complex Single Critical Crash Envelope However, some single critical crash envelopes are more complex. Example A: A driver avoids one obstacle and immediately impacts another vehicle, person, object, or animal. Because immediate is defined as not having an opportunity, or sufficient time, to take any additional avoidance actions, the Critical Precrash Event is related to the vehicle, person, object, or animal which the driver successfully avoided instead of the vehicle's first harmful event (i.e., its impact); see example 3 and example 5. Example B: The driver avoids an obstacle only to (a) lose steering control and/or (b) have the vehicle stop tracking, and the vehicle subsequently impacts another vehicle, person, object, or animal. Regardless of whether the driver: 1. attempted to regain steering control, 2. caused the vehicle to resume a tracking posture, or 3. avoided the impacted vehicle, person, object, or animal, the Critical Precrash Event is similarly related to the vehicle, person, object, or animal which the driver successfully avoided because the driver's critical crash envelope was never stabilized. In both examples above, the Attempted Avoidance Maneuver records the successful action taken to avoid the Critical Precrash Event. Vehicles that are not involved in an impact with another vehicle, person, object, or animal in the sequence of crash events (that define this crash) are not included. The coding order for a single critical crash envelope is illustrated in Figure 20. Figure 20: Typical Order of a Single Critical Crash Envelope Multiple Critical Crash Envelopes When a case involves multiple critical crash envelopes, select only the final critical crash envelope. In this situation, encode the element Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) as: Successful avoidance maneuver to a previous critical event. The final critical crash envelope is the one that resulted in this vehicle's first harmful event (i.e., its impact) as shown in Figure 21. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 466 Precrash Data Overview Figure 21: Typical Order of Multiple Critical Crash Envelopes When there is doubt as to whether this vehicle had experienced a complex single, or multiple critical crash envelopes, choose the Critical Precrash Category/Event, to the vehicle, person, object, or animal which the driver successfully avoided (i.e., default to Complex Single). See Complex Single Critical Crash Envelope examples A and B above. The following pages have: a method protocol, a flowchart illustrating the proper method and protocol for determining the precrash data elements, ten Precrash General Rules, and eighteen examples of various crash event sequences which contain one or more critical crash envelopes. Method Protocol Consider the information obtained from the Police Report and any supplemental documents as inputs to your decision making process. 1. Determine Critical Precrash Category / Critical Precrash Event. What action by this vehicle, another vehicle, person, animal, or object was critical to this driver becoming involved in the crash (i.e., use the “BUT FOR” * test)? * FOR EXAMPLE: • “But for” Vehicle # going left-of-center, this vehicle would not have been involved in this crash. • “But for” having entered into the intersection, this vehicle would not have been involved in this crash. ASK yourself questions (a) through (f) below. Proceed through each question that applies to the crash you are researching. Stop when the answer to the questions is "Yes". This is the Critical Precrash Category. a. Did the vehicle exhibit a control loss? b. Does the evidence suggest that the vehicle was in an environmentally dangerous position? c. Was another vehicle "in" this vehicle's lane? d. Was another vehicle entering into this vehicle's lane? e. Was a pedestrian, pedalcyclist, or other non-motorist in or approaching this vehicle's path? f. Was an animal in or approaching this vehicle's path or was an object in this vehicle's path? 2. Determine Driver Distracted By. 3. Determine Pre-Event Movement (Prior to Recognition of Critical Event). 4. Determine Attempted Avoidance Maneuver. What does your information indicate that the driver tried to do to avoid the crash? 5. Determine Pre-Impact Stability. 6. Determine Pre-Impact Location. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 467 Precrash Data Overview Precrash Methodology Flowchart 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 468 Precrash Data Overview Precrash General Rules 1. Attempted Avoidance Maneuver assesses what the driver’s action(s) was during the critical crash envelope in response to his/her realization of impending danger. 2. The mere presence of a traffic control signal/sign typically does not make the situation critical when determining Critical Precrash Event. For example: A single vehicle approaches a stop sign and departs the right side of the road impacting a tree, in an attempt to avoid passing through the intersection. The sign has no bearing and therefore, does not make the situation critical. 3. When you know the Critical Precrash Category, but are unable to select a specific Critical Precrash Event, use the following guideline: Default to one of the “Other” or “Unknown” attributes within each Critical Precrash Event category, rather than coding the entire Critical Precrash Category as “Other critical precrash event.” 4. If control is lost due to driver illness such as heart attacks, diabetic comas, etc., then Critical Precrash Event should be coded as “Other cause of control loss.” 5. When coding Critical Precrash Category as “This vehicle loss of control”, the loss of control must have occurred prior to the driver doing any avoidance maneuver. If the driver attempts a maneuver (i.e., brakes, steers, etc.) as a result of the driver's perception of a vehicle, object, pedestrian, or non-motorist, then select the vehicle, object, pedestrian, or non-motorist as the critical event because that is what made the situation critical. If the vehicle is in a yaw prior to the driver taking an avoidance action, then loss-of-control is what made it critical (e.g., critical curve scuff, hydroplaning, etc.). 6. When determining Critical Precrash Category/Event if you do not know from available sources which driver had the right-of-way at a controlled or uncontrolled intersection, then use the following as a guideline: a. If the junction is controlled by a 3-way / 4-way stop sign, or is uncontrolled, then use the common rule that the vehicle on the right has the right-of-way for determining encroachment. b. If the junction is controlled by an on-colors traffic control device, and both drivers claim a green light, then both vehicles are in an environmentally dangerous position, and Critical Precrash Event for both vehicles should be This Vehicle Traveling (Critical Precrash category) Crossing over (passing through) junction (Critical Precrash Event). 7. When two vehicles are initially traveling on the same trafficway and one executes a left turn with the rightof-way (i.e. green arrow), use Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane - From opposite direction-over right lane line for the turning vehicle’s critical event. This applies to Crash Types 68, 69. If the vehicles were initially on different trafficways (Crash Types 76, 77 and 82, 83) the critical event for the vehicle turning left with the right-of-way should be Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching - From crossing street across path. 8. “Fixed” objects (e.g., trees, poles, fire hydrants, etc.) cannot be in the roadway. 9. A motor vehicle is stopped in a travel lane and is impacted by another motor vehicle ricocheting off a vehicle. The Critical Precrash Event for the vehicle stuck by the ricocheting vehicle is in the category of either: Other Motor Vehicle In Lane or Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 469 Precrash Data Overview 10. Pre-Impact stability should be indicated as “Tracking” if the following are met: a. no skid marks are present on the diagram or mentioned in the narrative. b. the case materials do not indicate skidding AND c. the vehicle did not rotate 30 degrees or more (either clockwise or counterclockwise). Note regarding Pre-Impact Stability: If the case materials do not include a diagram or the diagram and/or narrative lack enough detail to determine precrash stability, code as 9 (Precrash Stability Unknown). Trafficway and its component definitions (i.e., roadway, road, shoulder, and median) can be found in the ANSI D16.1 Manual on the Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 470 Precrash Data Overview Precrash Examples Example 1 Example 1 Diagram Vehicle 1 was traveling northbound on a four lane roadway. Vehicle 2 was traveling westbound on an intersecting four-lane roadway. The intersection was controlled by traffic signals. Both vehicles entered the intersection and the right side of Vehicle 1 was struck by the front of Vehicle 2. Police could not determine which vehicle had the right-of-way, both drivers claimed to have a green light. The driver of Vehicle 1 reported that he never saw Vehicle 2 approaching. “None” was identified by police on the crash report for both drivers in the data element for recording driver distractions. The police also indicated that no skid marks were present at the scene associated with Vehicle 1, but there were pre-impact skids present at the scene associated with Vehicle 2 and that this supported the driver’s statement that he attempted to stop when he saw Vehicle 1 in his path. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going straight This Vehicle Traveling Crossing Over (Passing Through) Junction No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Stayed in original travel lane 87 Vehicle 2 Not Distracted Going straight This Vehicle Traveling Crossing Over (Passing Through) Junction Braking Skidding Longitudinally Rotation Less Than 30 Degrees Stayed in original travel lane 86 In this example, the Critical Crash Envelope for Vehicle 1 (V1CCE) begins at the point where it is in an imminent collision path with Vehicle 2. The Critical Crash Envelope for Vehicle 2 (V2CCE) begins at the point where the drivers recognize the impending danger. The Critical Crash Envelopes end at the point of impact with the other vehicle. Since it could not be determined which vehicle had the right-of-way, the Critical Event is determined using Precrash General Rule #6b. It states; "If the junction is controlled by an on-colors traffic control device, and both drivers claim a green light, then both vehicles are in an environmentally dangerous position and the Critical Event for both vehicles should be This Vehicle Traveling (Critical Event - Precrash (Category)) Crossing Over (Passing Through) Junction (Crtical Event - Precrash (Event))." 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 471 Precrash Data Overview Vehicle 1’s Pre-Impact Stability was Tracking based on Precrash General Rule #10. Skidding Longitudinally Rotation Less Than 30 Degrees was selected for Vehicle 2’s Pre-Impact Stability because tire marks were identified on the report and there was no indication of rotation. It is important to keep in mind the type of traffic control (traffic signal versus stop sign) when determining rightof-way. Using the same scenario but substituting stops signs for the traffic signals, would change the Critical Event for both vehicles. Precrash General Rule #6a states; "If the junction is controlled by a 3-way or 4-way stop sign, or is uncontrolled, the vehicle on the right [Vehicle 2 in this case] would have had the right-of-way for determining encroachment." Example 2 Example 2 Diagram Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 are traveling in opposite directions on the same roadway. A police car (with lights activated) is making a traffic stop on the north side of the road. The driver of Vehicle 1 is looking at the activity on his left. Before he can react, Vehicle 1 crosses the centerline and strikes the front of Vehicle 2. The driver of Vehicle 2 also noticed the police activity, but he was attentive to the slowing traffic ahead. Vehicle 2 attempted to avoid the crash by braking and steering right. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Distracted by Outside Person, Object or Event Going straight This vehicle traveling Over the lane line on left side of travel lane No avoidance maneuver Tracking Stayed on roadway, but left original travel lane 50 Vehicle 2 Not distracted Going straight Other motor vehicle encroaching into lane From opposite direction over left lane line Braking And Steering Right Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 51 In this example, Vehicle 1 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) which begins at the point where Vehicle 1 is in an imminent collision path with Vehicle 2. Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 2. Vehicle 2’s Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) begins when the driver recognizes impending danger and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 1. When determining Crash Type, it is important to keep in mind that some Crash Configurations are plane of impact dependent, while others are not. In this case, the Crash Type for Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 is ‘50’ and ‘51,’ Head-On respectively since it involved the front planes of both vehicles. If the collision had involved the side of one or both of the vehicles, then the Crash Type would have been ‘64’ and ‘65,’ Angle/Sideswipe. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 472 Precrash Data Overview Example 3 Example 3 Diagram Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 are traveling in opposite directions on the same roadway. A noncontact vehicle (NCV) is parked in front of a non-contact heavy truck on the road shoulder and suddenly enters the roadway into Vehicle 1’s travel lane. The driver of Vehicle 1 instantly brakes and steers left to avoid the non-contact vehicle. Vehicle 1 crosses over the center line and immediately impacts the front of Vehicle 2. Vehicle 2 had no avoidance maneuvers. “None” was identified by police on the crash report for both drivers in the data element for recording driver distractions. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not distracted Going straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Parking Lane/Shoulder Braking and steering left Tracking Stayed on roadway, but left original travel lane 58 Vehicle 2 Not Distracted Going straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Opposite Direction Over Left Lane Line No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 59 In this example, Vehicle 1 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE). Vehicle 1's Critical Crash Envelope involved a successful avoidance of a non-contact vehicle and resulted in an immediate impact to Vehicle 2. Vehicle 1's Critical Crash Envelope was initiated by the non-contact vehicle; afterwards there was no opportunity for subsequent avoidance actions. Therefore, the encroachment of the non-contact vehicle into Vehicle 1's travel lane is coded as the Critical Event - Precrash (Event) for Vehicle 1. Vehicle 1's Attempted Avoidance Maneuver is coded as the action taken to avoid the non-contact vehicle. Vehicle 2 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) which begins at the point where Vehicle 1 is in an imminent path of collision with Vehicle 2 and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 1. Tracking is selected as Vehicle 1’s Pre-Impact Stability based on Precrash General Rule #10. Vehicle 1’s Pre-Impact Location is Stayed On Roadway But Left Original Travel Lane. This attribute best describes the location of the vehicle after the critical event and before impact. The non-contact vehicle and the non-contact truck were not involved in an impact in the sequence of crash events and are, therefore, non-contact vehicles and not counted in the structuring of the case. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 473 Precrash Data Overview Example 4 Example 4 Diagram Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 are traveling in the same direction in adjacent lanes on a divided highway (with a painted median). Vehicle 1 has a tire blow out and loses control, crosses the left lane line and impacts the right rear of Vehicle 2. Vehicle 2 is redirected across the painted median, skidding and rotating clockwise, and subsequently impacts Vehicle 3. Vehicle 3 attempted to avoid Vehicle 2 by steering right and accelerating. “None” was identified by police on the crash report for all drivers in the data element for recording driver distractions. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going straight This Vehicle Loss Control Due To Blow Out or Flat Tire Vehicle 2 Not Distracted Going straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Adjacent Lane (Same Direction) - Over Right Lane Line Unknown/Not Reported Unknown/Not Reported Tracking Stayed On Roadway, But Left Original Travel Lane 45 Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 44 Vehicle 3 Not Distracted Going straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Opposite Direction Over Left Lane Line Accelerating and Steering Right Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 98 In this example, Vehicle 1 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) which begins with control loss due to the tire blow out and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 2. The blow out is the Critical Event - Precrash (Event). Vehicle 2 has two Critical Crash Envelopes (V2CCE1 and V2CCE2). Vehicle 2’s first Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE1) begins when Vehicle 1 enters Vehicle 2’s travel lane and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 1. The first CCE is selected because Precrash is only interested in coding the Critical Crash Envelope which leads to a vehicle’s first harmful event. Vehicle 3 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V3CCE) which begins when Driver 3 recognizes and reacts to Vehicle 2 which is in an imminent path of collision with Vehicle 3 and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 2. Attempted Avoidance Maneuver was coded as Unknown/Not Reported for Vehicles 1 and 2 because of a lack of information to assess attempted avoidance. The Crash Type for Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 is ‘45’ - ‘44,’ Sideswipe/Angle: Straight ahead, respectively based on their positions (i.e. left versus right) and because Vehicle 1 did not intend to change lanes. Situations involving vehicles that intended to change lanes are captured with Crash Type codes ‘46’ and ‘47,’ Sideswipe/Angle: Changing lanes. The Crash Type for Vehicle 3 is ‘98,’ Other since it was not involved in the first harmful event in the crash. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 474 Precrash Data Overview Example 5 Example 5 Diagram Vehicle 2 is stopped waiting to turn left in a left turn lane at an intersection controlled by a traffic signal. Vehicle 1 approaches the intersection and the driver is texting. Vehicle 1’s driver looks up at the last minute and brakes and steers right leaving tire marks, but cannot avoid striking the rear of Vehicle 2. There is no information on the crash report to assess distraction for the driver of Vehicle 2. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Vehicle 1 While Manipulating Cellular Phone Going Straight Other Vehicle In Lane Other Vehicle Stopped Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Braking and Steering Right Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Skidding Longitudinally- Rotation Less Than 30 Degrees Stayed in Original Travel Lane 20 Vehicle 2 Not Reported Stopped in Road Other Vehicle In Lane Traveling in Same Direction With Higher Speed No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 22 In this example, Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins at the point the driver recognizes Vehicle 2 is stopped in the lane, and ends at the point of impact with Vehicle 2. Vehicle 2’s Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) begins and ends at the point of impact. Vehicle 1’s Driver Distracted By is While Manipulating a Cellular Phone. Texting is captured in this attribute. The Pre Event Movement and Critical Event coding can be tricky in rear end crash scenarios. Refer to the Precrash Event Scenarios for Different Rear-End Collision Situations following the Precrash Examples for additional guidance. The Crash Type for Vehicle 2 is ‘22,’ Rear-end: Stopped Left because it was stopped and intended to turn left at the intersection. The Pre-Impact Stability for Vehicle 1 is Skidding Longitudinally- Rotation Less Than 30 Degrees as opposed to Tracking because tire marks were present and rotation was minimal. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 475 Precrash Data Overview Example 6 Example 6 Diagram Vehicle 1 is traveling on a two-lane roadway and the driver, who is diabetic, has a hypoglycemic attack and begins to lose consciousness. The vehicle departs the right side of the road as it enters a curve and strikes a tree. Precrash Element Vehicle 1 Driver Distracted By Not Distracted Pre-Event Movement Going Straight Critical Pre-Crash (Category) This Vehicle Loss Of Control Due To Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Other Cause Of Control Loss Attempted Avoidance Maneuver None Pre-Impact Stability Tracking Pre-Impact Location Departed Roadway Crash Type 01 Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins at the point where the vehicle is in imminent path of a collision with the tree and ends at impact. Driver Distracted By is coded as Not Distracted because the driver lost consciousness just prior to the Critical Precrash Event and intoxication, illness, blackouts, falling asleep or being fatigued are not considered distractions for the purposes of this element in FARS and CRSS. The Critical Event is coded This Vehicle Control Loss Due To: Other Cause Of Control Loss following Precrash General Rule #4 which addresses loss of control because of driver illness. The Pre-Event Movement element describes the vehicle’s activity just prior to the Critical Event, in this case, Going Straight. The Crash Type for Vehicle 1 is ‘01,’ Right Roadside Departure: Drive Off road. Do not confuse the Critical Event Category coding of This Vehicle Control Loss Due To with the Crash Type ‘02,’ Right Roadside Departure: Control/Traction Loss. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 476 Precrash Data Overview Example 7 Example 7 Diagram Vehicle 1 is traveling on a two-lane roadway with moderate snow falling. The driver suddenly encounters black ice on the roadway, loses control, and begins to rotate counterclockwise. The driver attempts to regain control by braking and steering right, but overcorrects and the vehicle departs the right side of the roadway and strikes a pole. The police on the crash report identify that the driver is “Not Distracted”. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going Straight This Vehicle Loss Of Control Due To: Poor Road Conditions (Specify:) Braking And Steering Right Skidding Laterally Clockwise Rotation Departed Roadway 02 Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins when the vehicle encounters the black ice and ends at impact with the pole. The Critical Event in this example is This Vehicle Control Loss Due To: Poor Road Conditions (Specify: (Black ice)). It can be difficult to determine the Critical Event in cases when weather, road conditions, roadway alignment, and speed all potentially play a role in the crash. Examples 7 and 8 are prime examples, Poor Road Conditions, Too Fast For Conditions, or This Vehicle Traveling category attributes (e.g. Off The Edge Of The Road On The Right Side) could be selected based on the circumstances. Typically, Poor Road Conditions such as ice and puddles are “suddenly” encountered by the driver and not an ongoing situation. Too Fast For Conditions applies when the vehicle’s movement and speed were not appropriate relative to the vehicle’s surroundings; roadway curves are often involved. If neither of these Loss Of Control Critical Events apply, then This Vehicle Traveling Category attributes are appropriate. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 477 Precrash Data Overview Example 8 Example 8 Diagram Vehicle 1 is traveling on a two lane roadway with heavy rain falling. Police estimate the driver was traveling 55 mph in this 35 mph speed zone. While negotiating a curve, the driver loses control on the rain-slickened road and the vehicle slides off the right edge of the road but does not sustain an impact. The driver steers left in an attempt to regain control, crosses both travel lanes, and departs the left side of the road before striking a tree with its right side. The crash report identifies “None” in a Contributing Circumstances field that includes various driver distraction attributes among the factors available. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Negotiating A Curve This Vehicle Loss Of Control Due To Traveling Too Fast For Conditions Steering Left Skidding Laterally Counterclockwise Rotation Departed Roadway 07 In this example, Vehicle 1 has one Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) which begins when the driver begins to lose control and the vehicle begins to rotate counter-clockwise. The envelope ends at impact with the tree. This crash is not a multiple Critical Crash Envelope scenario because Vehicle 1 never regained control. The Critical Event is coded This Vehicle Control Loss Due To: Too Fast For Conditions because the vehicle’s movement and speed were not appropriate relative to the vehicle’s surroundings (heavy rain and curve). This is applicable in this case even without the officer specifically stating “too fast for conditions.” The Pre Impact Location is coded Departed Roadway since the element is based on the location of the vehicle after the critical event, and immediately before the first impact. The Crash Type element is based on the first harmful event and the vehicle did not strike anything when it departed the right side of the road, therefore, ‘07,’ Left Roadside Departure-Control/Traction Loss is selected as the Crash Type. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 478 Precrash Data Overview Example 9 Example 9 Diagram Vehicle 1 is traveling westbound on a highway with a posted speed limit of 55 mph. Vehicle 2 is traveling east on the same highway in sunny and dry conditions. A deer suddenly enters the roadway from the right and the driver of Vehicle 1 attempts to brake and steer left, leaving several meters of tire marks, but strikes the deer. Vehicle 1 then goes into a counterclockwise yaw and crosses into the oncoming lanes and strikes Vehicle 2. The driver of Vehicle 1 had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.15 and was charged with driving under the influence. There were no indications of distraction identified on the crash report for the driver of Vehicle 1. Instead, in the Contributing Factors field where the officer could assess distraction he selected “animal in road” and “had been drinking”. The Contributing Factors for the driver of Vehicle 2 were coded as “Unknown”. The driver of Vehicle 2 was killed. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going Straight Object Or Animal Animal in Road Braking and Steering Left Skidding Longitudinally Rotation Less Than 30 Degrees Stayed On Roadway, But Left Original Travel Lane 13 Vehicle 2 Unknown if Distracted Going Straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Opposite Direction Over Left Lane Line Unknown/Not Reported Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 98 Vehicle 1 has two Critical Crash Envelopes (V1CCE1 and V1CCE2). Vehicle 1’s first Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE1) begins when the driver recognizes the deer in the roadway and ends at the point of impact with the deer. The Precrash coding is based on the Critical Crash Envelope which resulted in Vehicle 1’s first impact (V1CCE1). Vehicle 2 has only one Crash Envelope (V2CCE) which begins when it’s in imminent path of collision with Vehicle 1 and ends at impact. Not Distracted is selected for Vehicle 1 Driver Distracted By. The driver took evasive maneuvers to avoid the deer which identifies that the driver was attentive prior to the Critical Event. Also, there were no indications of distraction identified on the crash report for the driver of Vehicle 1 and in the Contributing Factors field, where the officer could assess distraction, he selected “animal in road” and “had been drinking”. It’s important to note that the BAC level or indication of alcohol as a factor in the crash for the driver of Vehicle 1 plays no role in distraction coding. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 479 Precrash Data Overview The Pre-Impact Location for Vehicle 1 is Stayed On Roadway- But Left Original Travel Lane since part of the vehicle was out of its original lane prior to impact with the deer. Similarly, vehicles that depart the road and strike a curb are coded as Departed the roadway even though the majority of the vehicle is still on the roadway. The Crash Type for Vehicle 1 is ‘13,’ Pedestrian/Animal on road. Vehicle 2 Driver Distracted By is coded Unknown if Distracted; the deceased driver could not be interviewed by the police and the officer coded “Unknown” in the field where distraction would be assessed. Since no information was available to assess Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Unknown/Not Reported was selected for Vehicle 2. The Crash Type for Vehicle 2 is ’98,’ Other since it was not involved in the first harmful event in the crash. Example 10 Example 10 Diagram The crash occurred at the intersection of a five-lane east/west roadway with a center left-turn lane and a twolane north/south roadway. The intersection was controlled by traffic signals. Vehicle 1 was eastbound in the left-turn lane of the five-lane roadway. Vehicle 2 was traveling west on the same roadway. Vehicle 1 had a green turn arrow and attempted to turn left to go north on the intersecting two lane road. Vehicle 2 passed through the intersection and its front struck the right side of Vehicle 1. The officer reported that there was no evidence of avoidance actions by either of the vehicles involved. “Not Distracted” was identified by police on the crash report for the driver of Vehicle 1. The police crash report did not detail the circumstances regarding Vehicle 2’s passing through the intersection, but the driver was cited for running a red light. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Turning Left Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Opposite Direction Over Right Lane Line No Avoidance Maneuver 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual Vehicle 2 Not Reported Going Straight This Vehicle Traveling Crossing Over (Passing Through) Junction No Avoidance Maneuver 480 Precrash Data Overview Precrash Element Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 68 Vehicle 2 Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 69 In this example, the Critical Crash Envelope for both vehicles (V1CCE) and (V2CCE) begin when they are in an imminent path of collision. The Critical Crash Envelopes end at the point of impact. The first portion of Precrash General Rule #7 applies to this crash. It states “When two vehicles are initially traveling on the same trafficway and one executes a left turn with the right-of-way (i.e. green arrow), use Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane - From Opposite Direction Over Right Lane Line for the turning vehicle’s Critical Event.” A similar principle applies for Vehicle 1’s Pre-Impact Location; it’s considered to have Stayed In Original Travel Lane while making the turn. Consider Vehicle 1’s “lane” as continuing left as they negotiate the turn through the intersection. Vehicle 2’s Driver Distracted By is coded Not Reported since the police crash report did not provide any information on distractions. Example 11 Example 11 Diagram The crash occurred at the intersection of a five lane east/west roadway with a center left-turn lane and a twolane north/south roadway. The intersection was controlled by traffic signals. Vehicle 1 was southbound on the two-lane roadway. Vehicle 2 was traveling west on the five- lane roadway. Vehicle 1 had a green turn arrow and attempted to turn left to travel east on the intersecting five lane road. Vehicle 2 passed through the intersection and its front struck the left side of Vehicle 1. The driver of Vehicle 1 was attentive and took no avoidance actions. Vehicle 2’s driver reported that he was thinking about an issue at work and did not notice the traffic signal until the last moment. He applied his brakes, but no tire marks were present. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 481 Precrash Data Overview Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Turning left Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Crossing Street Across Path Vehicle 2 Lost in Thought/Day Dreaming Going straight This Vehicle Traveling No Avoidance Maneuver Crossing Over (Passing Through) Junction Braking Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 82 Tracking Stayed In Original Travel Lane 83 In this example, Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins at the point where Vehicle 1 is in an imminent collision path with Vehicle 2 and ends at the point of impact. Vehicle 2’s Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) begins when the driver recognizes Vehicle 1 turning in front of it in the intersection and ends at impact. The second portion of Precrash General Rule #7 applies to this crash. It states “When two vehicles are initially traveling on different trafficways the Critical Event for the vehicle turning left with the right-of-way should be Other Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane-From Crossing Street Across Path.” Vehicles initially on different trafficways are captured in Crash Type Configuration ‘K,’ Turn Into Path (Crash Types ‘76’ - ‘85’). So in this case, the Crash Types for Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2 are ‘82’ and ‘83’ respectively. Turning vehicles initially on the same trafficway are coded in Crash Type Configuration ‘J,’ Turn Across Path (Crash Types ‘68’ - ‘75’). Unlike many of the other Crash Types, the plane contacted on the vehicle is irrelevant for the Change Trafficway (Category IV) Crash Types. Example 12 Example 12 Diagram Vehicle 1 was eastbound on a two-lane roadway. Vehicle 2 was backing out of a driveway on the south side of the road, intending to travel east. Vehicle 1 braked and steered left, but was unable to avoid striking the rear of Vehicle 2. The driver of Vehicle 2 stated he saw the other vehicle approaching, but misjudged its speed and did not think they were going to collide. 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 482 Precrash Data Overview The officer indicated that Vehicle 1 was traveling 50 mph in the 35 mph speed zone and applied the brakes just prior to impact, but did not leave tire marks. Driver distractions were identified by police for both drivers on the crash report as “None”. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going Straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Driveway, Turning into Same Direction Vehicle 2 Not Distracted Backing Up Braking and Steering Left No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 93 Tracking Entered Roadway 92 This Vehicle Traveling Backing In this example, Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins at the point where the driver recognizes Vehicle 2 is backing into the roadway and recognizes the danger. The Critical Crash Envelope for Vehicle 1 ends at impact. Vehicle 2’s Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) begins when it’s in imminent path of collision with Vehicle 1 and ends at impact. Although Vehicle 1 was traveling 15 mph over the speed limit, the Critical Precrash Category for Vehicle 1 is Other Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane. The situation that made the event critical was Vehicle 2’s movement (backing out of the driveway) and not Vehicle 1’s speed. The Critical Event for Vehicle 1 is From Driveway Turning Into Same Direction, since Vehicle 2 intended to travel east in the same direction as Vehicle 1. The Critical Event for Vehicle 2 is This Vehicle Traveling- Backing. Example 13 Example 13 Diagram Vehicle 1 was eastbound on a five-lane roadway with center left-turn lanes approaching an intersection controlled by a traffic signal. Vehicle 2 was westbound on the same roadway in the left turn lane. The signal was solid green for eastbound and westbound traffic. Vehicle 2 attempted to make a U-turn at the intersection 2016 FARS / CRSS Coding and Validation Manual 483 Precrash Data Overview to travel east and was struck in the right side by the front of Vehicle 1. The driver of Vehicle 2 stated he scanned the intersection for traffic but did not see Vehicle 1 approaching. The driver of Vehicle 1 was attentive and saw the other vehicle approaching but did not think it would attempt to turn and consequently had no time to react. Police charged the driver of Vehicle 2 with failure to yield. Precrash Element Driver Distracted By Pre-Event Movement Critical Pre-Crash (Category) Critical Pre-Crash (Event) Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Pre-Impact Stability Pre-Impact Location Crash Type Vehicle 1 Not Distracted Going Straight Other Motor Vehicle Encroaching Into Lane From Opposite Direction Over Left Lane Line No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Stayed in Original Travel Lane 98 Vehicle 2 Looked but Did Not See Making A U-Turn This Vehicle Traveling Making A U-Turn No Avoidance Maneuver Tracking Stayed On Roadway but Left Original Travel Lane 98 In this example, Vehicle 1’s Critical Crash Envelope (V1CCE) begins at the point where the driver recognizes Vehicle 2 is making a U-turn in front of them and ends at impact. Vehicle 2’s Critical Crash Envelope (V2CCE) begins when it’s in imminent path of collision with Vehicle 1 and ends at impact. The Critical Event for Vehicle 1 is Other Vehicle Encroaching into Lane-From Opposite Direction Ove