Bird 4421 Thruline RF Power Meter BIRD_4421
User Manual: BIRD_4421
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INSTRUCTION BOOK THRULINE® RF POWER METER MODEL 4421 AND THRULINE® DIRECTIONAL RF POWER SENSORS 4020 SERIES, 4027A SERIES, 4027F SERIES, AND 4028 SERIES Bird® Electronic Corporation 30303 Aurora Road Cleveland (Solon), Ohio 44139 Sales & Technical Support: 440-248-1200 866-695-4569 toll free Sales email: sales@bird-technologies.com Technical Support email: techsupport@bird-technologies.com ©Copyright 2011 by Bird Electronic Corporation Instruction Book Part Number 920-4421 Rev U Thruline® is a Registered Trademark of Bird Electronic Corporation Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all phases of operation and maintenance. WARNING Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating Personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions. Do not replace components or make adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always remove power. WARNING Shock Hazard Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while RF power is present. WARNING Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone Under no circumstances should any person reach into an enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of equipment except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid. WARNING Safety Earth Ground An uniterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied from the main power source to test instruments. Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can occur if this grounding is not properly supplied. WARNING Chemical Hazard Dry cleaning solvents for cleaning parts may be potentially dangerous. Avoid inhalation of fumes or prolonged contact with skin. WARNING Resuscitation Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation. WARNING Remove Power Observe general safety precautions. Do not open the instrument with the power on. Safety Symbols WARNING Warning notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed, could result in personal injury. CAUTION Caution notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed, could result in damage to the instrument. The caution symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is important information in the instruction manual regarding that particular area. Note: Calls attention to supplemental information. iii Warning Statements The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to operating and maintenance personnel and are repeated here for emphasis. WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. Refer to page 5, 35, and 41. WARNING To avoid personal injury, disconnect the power cord from the AC line before performing any maintenance, including fuse replacement or changing the line voltage setting. Refer to page 35, 38, 39, and 41. WARNING Use only Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries that have a minimum capacity of 4500 milliamper hours (mAh). Do not install batteries that are not Nickel Metal Hydride. Do not install NiMH batteries that have less than 4500 mAh capacity. Failure to comply may result in damage to the batteries, damage to the instrument, and injury to personnel from battery chemicals. Refer to page 40. WARNING Heavy load. Do not attempt to lift unaided. Refer to page 41. Caution Statements The following equipment cautions appear in the text whenever the equipment is in danger of damage and are repeated here for emphasis. CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. Refer to page 2, 41, 43, 45, and 49. CAUTION The Bird 4421 must be powered off when connecting or disconnecting the power sensor from the power meter. Refer to page 5 and 41. CAUTION Do not use the power sensor with a load VSWR greater then 2:1. Damage to the power meter, power sensor, or the RF power source could occur. Refer to page 5. iv CAUTION Long-term storage of this instrument can affect battery performance and reduce battery life. Do not store the instrument for long periods of time without recharging the batteries (refer to page 40). Failure to comply may result in reduced battery charge and shortened battery life. Refer to page 7 CAUTION During remote operation, periodically monitor the bus service request line. Failure to detect a service request could result in equipment damage. Refer to page 11 and 16. CAUTION Due to the complexity of the Bird Power Sensor, field repairs beyond general maintenance should not be attempted. Removal or disturbance of the power sensor cover can result in cancellation of lifetime warranty. Refer to page 35 and 41. CAUTION Failure to install the properly rated fuse may result in equipment damage or nuisance failures. Refer to page 39. v Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION. USO EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN. UTILISATION TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT. IMPRIEGO QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA. vi SERVICE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICETRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. SERVICIO LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO. WARTUNG ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL. ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SID WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN. ENTRENTIEN L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE. ASSISTENZA TECNICA LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA. vii UNITS ARE EQUIPPED WITH RECHAREABLE BATTERIES. THESE ARE TO BE REPLACED BY AUTHORIZED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY!!! LAS UNIDADES VIENEN EQUIPADAS CON BATERIAS RECARGABLES. ¡¡¡Y SOLAMENTE EL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO AUTORIZADO PUEDE REEMPLAZARLAS!!! GERÄTE SIND MIT WIEDER AUFLADBAREN BATTERIEN BESTÜCKT. BATTERIEN SIND NUR VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERICE PERSONAL AUSZUWECHSELN!!! CES DISPOSITIFS SONT ÉQUIPÉS DE BATTERIES RECHARGEABLES. SEUL LE PERSONNEL D’ENTRETIEN AUTORISÉ EST HABILITÉ À LES REMPLACER ! LE UNITÀ SONO DOTATE DI BATTERIE RICARICABILI, CHE DEVONO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROTEZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA. viii BE SURE THE 115/230V AC VOLTAGE SELECTOR IS SET TO THE PROPER LINE VOLTAGE, AND THE CORRECT AC LINE FUSE IS INSTALLED BEFORE AC POWER IS APPLIED. S’ASSURER QUE LE SÉLECTEUR DE TENSION 115/230V C.A. EST BIEN RÉGLÉ POUR LA TENSION DU RÉSEAU ET QUE LE FUSIBLE DE LIGNE C.A. CORRECT EST EN PLACE AVANT DE METTRE SOUS TENSION C.A. CERCIORESE QUE EL SELECTOR DE VOLTAJE DE 115/230V CA ESTE COLOCADO A LA LINEA DE VOLTAJE APROPIADA Y QUE EL FUSIBLE ESTE INSTALADO A LA LINEA CA ANTES DE APLICAR LA CORRIENTE ALTERNA. VOR EINSCHALTEN DER WECHSELSTROMZUFUHR SICHERSTELLEN, DASS DER 115/230V WECHSELSPANNUNGS-SELEKTOR AUF DIE VORSCHRIFTSMÄSSIGE LEITUNGSSPANNUNG EINGESTELLT UND DIE RICHTIGE WECHSELSTROM-HAUPTSICHERUNG EINGESETZT IST. PRIMA DI EROGARE CORRENTE, ASSICURARSI CHE IL SELETTORE DI VOLTAGGIO 115/230 V.C.A. SIA REGOLATO CORRETTAMENTE E CHE IL FUSIBLE ADATTO ALLA LINEA DI ALIMENTAZIONE C.A. SIA INSTALLATO. ix About This Manual This manual covers the Bird 4421 RF Power Meter and the its sensors. This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the following models: Power Meter 4421 4021 4022 4024 4025 4027A250K 4027A4M 4027A35M 4027F2M 4027A400K 4027A10M 4027A60M 4027F10M 4027A800K 4027A12M 4027A100M 4027F60M 4027A2M 4027A25M 4027A150M 4028A Series Sensors 4028A250K 4028A4M 4028A400K 4028A10M 4028A2M 4028A25M 4028A3M 4028B Series Sensors 4028B10M 4028B3M 4028C Series Sensors 4028C10M 4020 Series Sensors 4027A Series Sensors 4027F Series Sensors Changes to this Manual We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you should discover any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send your comments to our factory. This manual may be periodically updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number and revision level on the title page. Contents Chapter Layout Introduction - Describes the purpose and function of the Power Meter as well as a general overview of the product. Installation - Describes the installation instructions for the power meter models covered in this manual. Operating Instructions - Describes the features of the power meters and provides power-up instructions. IEEE-488 GPIB Interface - Describes the features of the IEEE-488 GPIB Interface. RS-232 Interface - Describes the features of the RS-232 Interface. Maintenance - Contains preventative maintenance information, troubleshooting section, and a list of replacement parts with part numbers. x Table of Contents Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warning Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii iv iv vi About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Items Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4020 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027A Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027F Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4028 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frequency and Power Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4020 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027A Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027F Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4028 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 Chapter 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Sensor Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Line Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panel Mounting the 4421 Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handle Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115/230V AC Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC Line Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 Chapter 3 Operating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Push Button Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Audible Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Chapter 4 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interface Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dip Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Talker-Only Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Bus Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Device Dependent Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 17 xi Chapter 5 RS-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto Baud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Talker-Only Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Bus Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Device Dependent Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 27 29 Chapter 6 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Push Button Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front Panel (Cal Cart only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cord Reel (Cal Cart only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long Term Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Sensor (Cal Cart only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Casters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage and Shipment (Cal Cart only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications, Cal Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max. Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications, 4421 Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications, Power Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications, RS-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications, IEEE-488 GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 35 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 47 47 50 Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 xii Chapter 1 Introduction Power Meter The Bird 4421 RF Power Meter is one component of a complete RF power measurement system. An RF power sensor such as a Bird 4021 is also required. The system can be controlled with the front panel buttons, or remotely through an RS-232 connection or a GPIB-488 connection. Items Supplied z z z z Bird 4421 RF Power Meter AC Power Cord Sensor Cable Instruction Manual Optional Accessories Panel Mount Kit (P/N 4421-250) - Allows the Bird 4421 to be installed in a standard 19" panel for rack mount applications. Null Modem Kit (P/N 4380-250) - Contains the hardware necessary to allow the 4421 to be remotely controlled by controllers with different wiring arrangements. Requires an RS-232 interface module. Figure 1 Bird 4421 Meter Outline Drawing 10-1/8” (257 mm) MODEL 4421 RF POWER METER 1. Operating Push Buttons RANGE AUTO 4-1/4” (108 mm) UP 2. LCD DOWN FWD RFL SWR MIN MAX dBm LIGHT 3. ON/OFF Push Button ON / OFF 4. Handle 1 3 2 FRONT 5. Central Button 6. Fuse Access Door 7. AC Line Module 12-1/4” (312 mm) 8. Master ON/OFF Switch 9. GPIB connector 10. GPIB DIP switches 11. RS-232 connector 5 4 SIDE 8 7 12. RS-232 DIP switches 9 10 12 11 13. Power Sensor Socket 6 I ON O OFF AC SUPPLY REMOVE AC POWER BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SERVICE THIS INSTRUMENT POWER SENSOR VOLTAGE 115/230 V FUSE RATING T630mA/T315mA FREQUENCY 50/60 Hz MAXIMUM POWER 60W 13 REAR 1 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Power Sensors Power sensors are available with a variety of connectors; see "Available Connectors" on page 49 for a complete list. Since the accuracy is critically dependent on the connectors used at calibration, do not remove or change the connectors. CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. 4020 Series Bird 4020 Series Power Sensors are designed for lab or field use and are accurate to within ±3%(1σ) of reading. 4027A Series Bird 4027A Series Power Sensors are designed for use in semiconductor processing and calibration applications. Stringent calibration provides long-term unit-to-unit repeatability, allowing consistent amounts of RF energy to be applied to the etch process over many etch cycles. 4027A Sensors are accurate to ±1%(1σ) at specified calibration frequencies and power levels. 4027F Series Bird 4027F Series Power Sensors are similar to the 4027A series. However, additional filtering allows the 4027F to ignore harmonics of the signal being measured. The 4027F is also less sensitive to AM components of the signal. 4027F Sensors are accurate to ±1%(2σ) at specified calibration frequencies and power levels. Figure 2 Power Sensor Outline Drawing, 4020, 4027A, 4027F, & 4028A Series 3-3/4” (95 mm) 3/4” (19 mm) SENSOR PLUG SOCKET 2-1/2” (64 mm) 3-1/4” (83 mm) DIRECTIONAL POWER SENSOR MODEL 4022 0.3 - 1000 WATTS 25 - 1000 MHz 1-3/8” (35 mm) -CAUTION- SOURCE LOAD 4028 Series Bird 4028 Series Power Sensors are high power sensors otherwise similar to the 4027A series. 4028A sensors are based on a 7/8” line, 4028B sensors use a 1-5/8” line, and 4028C sensors use a 3-1/8” line. 4028 Sensors are accurate to ±2% at specified calibration frequencies and power levels. 2 Introduction Figure 3 Power Sensor Outline Drawing 4028B Series only 3.75" (96 mm) SOURCE SENSOR PLUG SOCKET LOAD 4.75" (121 mm) 3.5" (89 mm) 6.75" (172 mm) Figure 4 Power Sensor Outline Drawing 4028C Series only 3 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Frequency and Power Ranges 4020 Series Model Frequency Range RF Power Range 4021 4022 4024 4025 1.8 – 32 MHz 25 – 1000 MHz 1.5 – 32 MHz 100 kHz – 2.5 MHz 300 mW – 1 kW 300 mW – 1 kW 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW Model Frequency Range RF Power Range 4027A250K 4027A400K 4027A800K 4027A2M 4027A4M 4027A10M 4027A12M 4027A25M 4027A35M 4027A60M 4027A100M 4027A150M 250 – 400 kHz 400 – 550 kHz 800 – 950 kHz 1.5 – 2.5 MHz 3 – 5 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 25 – 30 MHz 35 – 45 MHz 45 – 65 MHz 95 – 105 MHz 150 – 170 MHz 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW 3 W – 10 kW 300 mW – 1 kW 3 W – 9 kW 3 W – 7.5 kW 3 W – 6 kW 3 W – 4 kW 3.75 W – 3.75kW Model Frequency Range RF Power Range 4027F2M 4027F10M 4027F60M 1.8 – 2.2 MHz 12 – 15 MHz 57 – 63 MHz 100 W – 10 kW 3 W – 4 kW 3.75 W – 3.75 kW Model Frequency Range RF Power Range 4028A250K 4028A400K 4028A2M 4028A3M 4028A4M 4028A10M 4028A25M 4028B3M 4028B10M 4028C10M 250 – 400 kHz 400 – 550 kHz 1.5 – 2.5 MHz 2.5 – 3.5 MHz 3.5 – 4.5 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 25 – 30 MHz 2.5 – 4 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 1 kW – 20 kW 1 kW – 20 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 1 kW – 25 kW 500W – 50 kW 4027A Series 4027F Series 4028 Series 4 Chapter 2 Installation This chapter provides information about preparing the Bird 4421 for use. Sensor Connection CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. CAUTION The Bird 4421 must be powered off when connecting or disconnecting the power sensor from the power meter. 1. Turn OFF the ON/OFF rocker switch on the meter’s rear panel. 2. Align the latch on the cable with the notch of the “Power Sensor” socket on the power meters rear panel. 3. Insert the cable until it clicks into place. 4. Connect the other end of the sensor cable to the sensor. RF Line Connection WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. CAUTION Do not use the power sensor with a load VSWR greater then 2:1. Damage to the power meter, power sensor, or the RF power source could occur. Connect the end of the power sensor labeled “SOURCE” to the RF source. Connect the end labeled “LOAD” to the load or antenna. Reversing these connections will cause measurement errors. Panel Mounting the 4421 Power Meter You can install the 4421 Power Meter in an equipment rack if you have the optional panel mount kit (refer to Optional Accessories, page 1). The panel mount kit includes complete installation instructions. Figure shows the overall dimensions and mounting points for a 4421 Power Meter installed in a panel mount kit. Note: The power supply interrupt switch for the 4421 Power Meter is located on the rear panel. When you install a unit in a panel mount kit, you need to provide a means to interrupt the power supply that is easily accessible to the user (such as a switch mounted in the panel). 5 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Figure 5 Panel Mounting Dimensions 4421 RF POWER METER POWER SENSOR FWDRFL SWRMIN MAXdBmLIGHT FUSE I ON O OFF POWER SENSOR WARN I NG REMOVE AC POWER BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SERVICE THIS INSTRUMENT. AC SUPPLY FUSE VOLTAGE 100 - 132 VAC T .250A, 250V 178 - 264 VAC T .125A, 250V AT 47.5 - 66 Hz MAXIMUM POWER 15W Handle Operation The handle on the Bird 4421 can be set to four different positions (see Figure 6). To adjust the handle, press the center buttons on both sides. Releasing the buttons will lock the handle into position. Figure 6 Handle Positions 115/230V AC Input Power The internal power supply can operate at 115 VAC or 230 VAC. There is no user setting to select the input voltage because the power supply automatically senses the input voltage. However, you must make sure that you have the correct power cord plug and fuses installed for the line voltage you are using (refer to Replacing Fuses, page 39). AC Line Connectors To make the AC line cord compatible with non-U.S. voltages, users must install the appropriate connector on the power cord. 6 Installation Batteries The Bird 4421 RF Power Meter is completely portable and is powered from internal rechargable nickel metal hydride batteries. The batteries are shipped in a low charge state. It is, therefore, recommended that you chrage the instrument for approximately 28 hours before using it for continous operation. Note: Battery charging at temperatures greater than 45° C (113° F) can result in reduced operational time. CAUTION Long-term storage of this instrument can affect battery performance and reduce battery life. Do not store the instrument for long periods of time without recharging the batteries (refer to page 40). Failure to comply may result in reduced battery charge and shortened battery life. 7 Chapter 3 Operating Instructions This chapter describes operator controls and indicators on the Bird 4421 RF Power Meter. For remote operation using a GPIB or RS-232 controller, refer to the instructions in Chapter 4 or Chapter 5 respectively. Push Button Functions Figure 7 Push Buttons MODEL 4421 RF POWER METER AUTO FWD RFL SWR MW nW KW µW W mW dBm LO BAT REMOTE FWD LISTEN RFL SWR TALK MIN LOCAL MAX AUTO dBm LIGHT UP DOWN LOCKOUT Push Button FWD, RFL RANGE ON / OFF Description Press to measure forward or reflected RF power. FWD or RFL indicator and current unit of measure turn on. SWR Press to measure standing wave ratio. SWR indicator turns on. Value displayed will be between 1.0 and 199.9 MIN, MAX Used after pressing FWD, RFL, SWR, or dBm. Displays the minimum (maximum) measured value of the previous function as long as MIN (MAX) is held down. dBm Used after pressing FWD or RFL. dBm indicator turns on. Power is displayed in dBm units. Note: Used after pressing SWR. Return loss is displayed. LIGHT Press to turn on or turn off the display’s backlight. If left on, the light automatically shuts off after 30 minutes. AUTO Press to automatically set the scale. AUTO turns on. UP, DOWN Press to select the next higher (lower) scale. If the scale is too high for the power sensor, an error will be displayed. Note: Used while AUTO indicator is on. Stops automatic scaling. AUTO indicator turns off. ON/OFF Press to turn the power meter on or off. This switch will not work if the master power switch on the rear panel is OFF. Note: The display flashes for about 30 seconds when the unit is first turned on. 9 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Error Codes The Bird 4421 displays error codes when the RF power is either below the selected range (underrange) or above the selected range (overrange). Table 4-1 displays the error codes and Table 4-2 lists the function limits. Table 4-1 Error Codes Symbol Explanation Value greater than overrange limit of function Value less than underrange limit of function Table 4-2 Function Limits Function Limit Error FWD, RFL Power > 199.9% of full scale or 120% of top range Overrange FWD dBm, RFL dBm Power > 120% of full scale Overrange Power < 3% of low range Underrange FWD < 20% of low range Underrange FWD – RFL = 0 Overrange FWD < 20% of low range Underrange RFL < 20% of low range Underrange Return Loss > 40 dB Underrange SWR Return Loss Audible Warning If the RF power level exceeds 120% of the power sensor’s maximum power capability, the power meter will sound a warning buzzer. 10 Chapter 4 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface This chapter discusses setup of the IEEE-488 interface feature and describes the IEEE commands that apply to the Bird 4421. Operators should understand IEEE standard 488-1978 and have basic computer programming skills before attempting to write any programs. CAUTION During remote operation, periodically monitor the bus service request line. Failure to detect a service request could result in equipment damage. Description The Bird 4421 IEEE-488 (GPIB) interface has an eight-position DIP switch that sets operational conditions and interface addresses. The bottom line of the display indicates the current bus status. Cable Connector The interface uses a standard IEEE-488 cable connector. Pin assignments are listed in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 IEEE-488 Pin Assignments Pin Designation Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 D101 D102 D103 D104 EOI DAV NRFD NDAC IFC SRQ ATN SHIELD D105 D106 D107 D108 REN GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND, LOGIC Data Data Data Data Management Handshake Handshake Handshake Management Management Management Ground Data Data Data Data Management Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground 11 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Interface Capabilities Table 5-4 IEEE-488 Interface Module Capabilities Code Name SH1 AH1 T5 L4 SR1 RL1 PP0 DC1 DT1 C0 E1 TE0 LE0 Description Source Handshake Can handshake data or command bytes when the unit is acting as a source. Acceptor Can handshake the bus when it is acting as the acceptor of data or commands. Talker Can send data over the bus to other devices. This capability exists only after the instrument has been addressed to talk, or after a reading in talk-only mode. Listener Can receive device-dependent data over the bus. This capability exists only after the unit has been addressed to listen. Service Request Can request service from the controller. Remote-Local Can be placed in remote or local mode. Parallel Poll Does not have parallel polling capability. Device Clear Can be reset to factory settings. Device Trigger Can have its readings triggered. Controller Does not have controller capability. Bus Driver Type Has open-collector bus drivers. Extended Talker Does not have extended talker capability. Extended Listener Does not have extended listener capability. Indicators The bottom line of the power meter’s display shows indicators describing the status of the Bird 4421 when used with the IEEE interface. These are: REMOTE - When REMOTE is displayed, the power meter is being controlled through the interface. Measurements, units of measure, and certain other parameters may be changed from a remote location. LISTEN - When LISTEN is displayed, the power meter is receiving data. TALK - When TALK is displayed, the power meter is transmitting data. This is always shown when the unit is in “talker-only” mode. LOCAL LOCKOUT - When LOCAL LOCKOUT is displayed, the push buttons are disabled and the power meter’s functions are being remotely controlled. Setup Dip Switch Set the interface to ADDR (Addressable) by positioning DIP switch 1 to ON. This makes the 4421 respond to controller commands. Note: There are several button styles on DIP switches (slide, rocker, lever). Examine the DIP switch to determine the ON and OFF positions. Set the primary address using the DIP switches. The primary address is factory set to 6, but can be set to any value between 1 and 31 (0 is reserved for the controller) To set the primary address, turn OFF switches 4 – 8 so that the sum of the bits turned off equals the desired primary address. In Figure 8 below, the address is set to 6 (the off switches have values of 4 and 2). Figure 8 IEEE Interface Default DIP Switch Settings Note: The primary address is used by the controller to refer to specific devices on the bus. When programming the controller, the address in the program must be the same as the address set on the interface module. Each device on the bus must have a different primary address. 12 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Talker-Only Mode The Bird 4421 can be set up for manual operation while automatically sending data to an output device (Talker-Only Mode). To do so, turn DIP switch 1 OFF and cycle the power. TALK will be displayed. In Talker-Only mode, pressing a button on the meter triggers a measurement. When the measurement is complete, the information is sent to the bus and LISTEN turns on momentarily. A listen-only device on the bus, such as a printer, can read the value. The power meter is then ready to accept another button press. Command Syntax The Bird 4421 accepts two types of commands. General bus commands are commands, such as Device Clear (DCL), that apply to any IEEE interfaced device. Device-dependent commands are specific to the 4421. If an invalid command is sent to the unit, an error condition is placed in the serial poll byte and the offending command is not executed. A group of device-dependent commands can be sent as a single string as long as like command categories are not repeated, for example: “PNFCFDT3TRG”. This string sets up the 4421 to send no prefixes, read forward dBm, make one reading on “TRG”, and triggers a measurement. Note: Commands can be entered in either upper or lower case. Note: Only the last command entered of each category will be executed. As a command string is processed by the 4421, each category of command is stored in a separate location. Two commands of the same category will be stored in the same location, so that the second will overwrite and erase the first one. General Bus Commands The general bus commands supported by the IEEE-488 interface feature are listed in Figure 5-5. The syntax for executing general commands varies among controllers; check the documentation supplied with your controller for the proper command structure. Table 5-5 IEEE-488 General Bus Commands Command Effect on Bird 4421 IDN? Gives product identification REN Goes into remote mode when next addressed GTL Cancels remote mode, restores local operation LLO Locks out local operation IFC Goes into talker and listener-idle status DCL Returns to default conditions SDC Returns to default conditions GET Triggers reading in T2 and T3 modes SPE, SPD Puts the status byte on the bus 13 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter IDentificatioN (IDN?) Function Product identifies itself Remarks Replies command same as U2 Remote ENable (REN) Function Enables remote operation. Remarks The unit must be addressed to listen after setting REN true. The REMOTE indicator turns on when this command is received. Go To Local (GTL) Function Returns device to local operation. Remarks Issuing a GTL command while the device is in Local Lockout mode does not clear the lockout condition. The REMOTE indicator turns off. The LISTEN indicator remains on. Local LOckout (LLO) Function Disables local operation of all devices on the bus. Remarks REN must be true to use LLO. LLO is cleared by setting REN false. InterFace Clear (IFC) Function Terminates all bus activity and passes control to the system controller. Remarks All devices are set to talker and listener idle states. LISTEN mode is cancelled, and its indicator is turned off. 14 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Device CLear (DCL) Function Resets the status of all devices to an initialized state. Remarks Does not change the current interface mode. The 4421 returns to the factory default condition listed in Figure 5-6. Table 5-6 IEEE-488 Default Conditions Default Condition Related Command Forward Carrier Wave FC Auto Range ON RYY Two Terminators (CR LF) YT Prefixes YES PY Trigger One Shot on Talk Address T1 All SRQ’s OFF M00 Send EOI with last byte of message KY Selective Device Clear (SDC) Function Resets the status of a selected device to an initialized state. Remarks Only the device addressed will be cleared. The 4421 returns to the factory default condition. Group Execute Trigger (GET) Function Initiates a measurement for all devices set to trigger on GET. Remarks The 4421 must be already set to trigger on GET. Used to synchronize measurements of multiple instruments. 15 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Serial Polling Enable/Disable Function (SPE/SPD) Enables or disables the serial polling sequence. CAUTION During remote operation, periodically monitor the bus service request line. Failure to detect a service request could result in equipment damage. Remarks The SPE command puts all devices in serial poll mode waiting to be addressed. The SPD command clears the SRQ bit (bit 6) and ends the polling sequence. When addressed a device sends its status byte to the controller. A value of 1 for a bit means that the device condition that bit refers to is true. A value of 0 means that the condition is false. The 4421 does not use all bits of the status byte. Table 5-7 lists the bits used, along with a description and how to reset them. Table 5-7 IEEE Status Byte Description Bit 16 Name 6 SRQ 3 Measurement Complete 2 Reading Underflow 1 Reading Overflow 0 Error Condition Set if a service request is generated by the 4421. If an SRQ has been received by the controller and this bit is cleared, other instruments on the bus should be checked to determine where the SRQ occurred. Cleared by a serial poll of the 4421. Set when the power meter has completed a reading. Cleared by requesting a reading over the bus. Set when the RF power is underrange and a reading has been completed. Cleared by requesting a reading over the bus. Set when the RF power is overrange and a reading has been completed. Cleared by requesting a reading over the bus. Set if an illegal device-dependent command (IDDC) or illegal device-dependent command option (IDDCO) was received, or if the power meter fails the self test. Cleared by reading the U1 status word. The U1 word contains details on the error, see “Status” on page 21. IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Device Dependent Commands The device-dependent commands used by the 4421 Power Meter are listed in Table 5-8, organized by category. Note: The programming card also has a complete command list. Table 5-8 IEEE-488 Device Dependent Command Summary Category Measurement Range Terminators Prefixes Triggers Serial Polling Status Command FC Description Forward carrier wave FD Forward dBm RC Reflected carrier wave RD Reflected dBm SW Standing wave ratio RL Return loss MN Minimum value MX Maximum value RYY Auto range on R00 to R17 Manual ranges RNN Auto range off, stay at present range YT Two terminators: CR, LF YO One terminator: CR YN No terminator PY Prefix YES PN Prefix NO T0 Continuous on TALK T1 One shot on TALK T2 Continuous on GET T3 One shot on GET T4 Continuous on measurement command T5 One shot on measurement command M00 Do not generate SRQ M01 Generate SRQ on error M02 Generate SRQ on measurement overrange M04 Generate SRQ on measurement underrange M08 Generate SRQ on operation complete U0 Send back current machine state U1 Send back error conditions U2 Send back revision levels Self-Test J0 Run self-test EOI Response KY Send EOI on last byte KN Do not send EOI on last byte WXXXXXX Place XXXXXX in RAM Writable Store 17 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Forward Carrier Wave Forward dBm (FD) Reflected Carrier Wave Reflected dBm (RD) (FC) (RC) Function Selects forward or reflected RF power measurement mode. Remarks Measurement results are returned in Watts or dBm. Standing Wave Ratio Return Loss (RL) (SW) Function Selects SWR or return loss match measurement mode. Remarks Measurement results are returned in VSWR or dB. MiNimum Value MaXimum Value (MN) (MX) Function Selects minimum or maximum measurement mode. Remarks Another measurement must be selected before selecting min or max. Returns the minimum (or maximum) value of the previous measurement type. 18 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Range (Rxx) Function Selects a measurement range listed in Table 5-9. Remarks If the selected range is outside the range of the connected power sensor, the command is ignored. Table 5-9 Measurement Ranges Command RYY RNN R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R09 R08 R07 R06 R05 R04 R03 R02 R01 R00 Terminators Power Range Turn auto range on Turn auto range off. Keep present range 18.0 – 199.9 MW 1.80 – 19.99 MW 0.180 – 1.999 MW 18.0 – 199.9 kW 1.80 – 19.99 kW 0.180 – 1.999 kW 18.0 – 199.9 W 1.80 – 19.99 W 0.180 – 1.999 W 18.0 – 199.9 mW 1.80 – 19.99 mW 0.180 – 1.999 mW 18.0 – 199.9 µW 1.80 – 19.99 µW 0.180 – 1.999 µW 18.0 – 199.9 nW 1.80 – 19.99 nW 0.180 – 1.999 nW (Yx) Function Selects the characters that follow the end of a data string. Set x to: z z z Remarks “T” for two terminators; a carriage return(CR) and a line feed(LF). “O” for one terminator; a carriage return(CR). “N” for no terminator; message can be terminated by EOI. Many controllers use the terminator sequence to recognize the end of an input string. Using incorrect terminators can lock the bus. 19 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Prefixes (Px) Function Turns the prefix mode on or off. Set x to: z z Remarks “Y” to enable prefixes. “N” to disable prefixes. Prefixes are sent over the bus with the measurement, and indicate the status of the current measurement (see Table 5-10 for examples): z z z z z “FC”,”FD”,”RC”,”RD”,”SW”,”RL”,”MN”,”MX” indicates the measurement type. “U” indicates underflow; the value sent is “.000”. “O” indicates overflow; the value sent is “199.9”. “N” indicates normal; the value sent is a normal on-scale reading. “4421” indicates the Bird model number. Table 5-10 Prefix Examples Data String NFC.0.123W(CR)(LF) Normal (N) forward carrier wave (FC), prefixes on OFC 199.9W(CR)(LF) Overflowed (O) forward carrier wave (FC), prefixes on 199.9W(CR)(LF) URD Triggers Description .000W(CR)(LF) Overflowed forward carrier wave, prefixes off Underflowed (U) reflected dBm (RD), prefixes on (Tx) Function Selects the condition which will trigger a reading (see Table 5-11). Remarks Failure to trigger device before requesting a reading will lock the bus. T1 halts the bus until a reading is available. T0 and T1 do not set the measurement complete SRQ. T2, T3, T4, and T5 set a SRQ when the measurement is complete. Fastest reading rate is 2.4 readings/second; slowest is 1 reading/sec. Table 5-11 Trigger Conditions Command 20 Trigger Condition T0 Continuous on talk T1 One shot on talk T2 Continuous on GET T3 One shot on GET T4 Continuous on measurement command (FC,FD, RC, RD, SW, RL, MN, MX) T5 One shot on measurement command (FC, FD, RC, RD, SW, RL, MN, MX) IEEE-488 GPIB Interface SRQ Mask (Mxx) Function Selectively masks status bits to prevent unwanted service requests. Set xx to the sum of the binary values of the desired SRQ trigger bits. For example, M12 would set the SRQ for both operation complete and underrange (values 8 and 4). Set xx to “00” to never generate an SRQ. Remarks If a status bit is masked (bit set to 0), SRQs won’t be generated for that condition. Table 5-12 SRQ Mask Bits Binary Value Bit Number Message 1 0 (LSB) 2 1 Measurement overrange 4 2 Measurement underrange 8 3 Operation complete 4 Not Used 5 Not Used 6 Can’t mask Error (IDDC, IDDCO, self-test fail) 7 (MSB) Status Not Used (Ux) Function Reads a status word and returns the information as a string. Set x to: “0” for machine status. “1” for error status. “2” for revision history. z z z Remarks After sending the status command, a status word is sent the next time the unit is addressed to talk. To ensure the correct status is transmitted, the status word should be requested as soon as possible after the command is sent. Machine Status Word (U0) - The format of the machine status word is shown in Figure 9. The default values are also shown. Figure 9 – 4 Machine Status Word Format 4 2 0 – F C R Y Y P Y Y T T 1 M 0 0 K Y TERM Header Measurement Function Range Prefix Terminator Trigger SRQ Mask EOI Response 21 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Error Status Word (U1) - The format of the error status word and the possible error messages are shown in Figure 10. When an error occurs, an error is also flagged in the status (serial poll) byte, and a SRQ may be generated (See “SRQ Mask” on page 21). All flags will revert to their non-error states after the U1 command is sent. Figure 10 Error Status Word Format – 4 4 0 2 – V C M C V 0 F L TERM Header Command Status (shown valid) Command Option Status (shown valid) Self-test results (shown fail) Status Meaning Description ICM Invalid Command Set when an illegal device-dependent command (IDDC) such as V2 is received. (V is illegal) VCM Valid Command Set when no IDDC is received. ICO Invalid Command Option Set when an illegal device-dependent command option (IDDCO) such as T6 is received. (6 is illegal) VCO Valid Command Option Set when no IDDCO is received. PS Self-Test Pass Set when a self-test has been initiated by the J0 command and the test result is acceptable. FL Self-Test Fail Set when the self-test has failed. (This is the default condition.) Revision History Word (U2) - The format of the revision history word is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 – 4 Revision History Word Format 4 2 0 – X X X X X X Y * Y Z ** Z 7 8 0 6 TERM Header Writable stores Software Rev level Hardware Rev level IEEE-488 1978 compliance IEEE-488 Bus address * YY is replaced with current software revision level. ** ZZ is replaced with current hardware revision level. Note: If Writable stores parameter has not been set, this command responds only with -4420-. 22 IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Self Test (J0) Function Initiates a hardware and software test. Remarks Results are stored in the U1 status word (see “Status” on page 21). “J0” must be sent each time before reading the result. End Or Identify (Kx) Function Enables or disables the End or Identify (EOI) signal. Set x to: z z Remarks “Y” to enable. “N” to disable. Disabling EOI can cause some controllers to lock unless another terminator is used. When enabled, EOI is only asserted at the end of a multiple byte string. Writable Store (Wxxxxxx) Function Storage for six bytes of ASCII data. Remarks Data stored is lost when the 4421 is turned off. Data is sent back as part of the U2 status word. 23 Chapter 5 RS-232 Interface This chapter discusses setup of the RS-232 interface feature and describes the RS-232 commands that apply to the Bird 4421. Operators should understand EIA Standard RS-232-C and have basic computer programming skills before writing any programs. Description The Bird 4421 RS-232 interface feature is an integral part of the I/O hub circuit board inside of the mm21. An eight-position DIP switch is used to set operational conditions such as baud rate, parity, and stop bits. The bottom line of the display indicates the current bus status. Cable Connector The interface uses a standard 25-pin RS-232 connector. Pin assignments are listed in Table 6-13. If the controller uses a different wiring arrangement, do not attempt to rewire the interface module’s connector. A null modem kit should be used for rewiring instead. Table 6-13 Pin RS-232 Pin Assignments Designation Notes 1 Protection Ground Chassis Ground 2 Transmit Data 3 Receive Data 4 Request to Send (Output) Set true after module power up 5 Clear to Send (Input) Set by input device. When true, it enables the module to transmit. When false, it disables transmission. 6 Data Set Ready (Input) Set internally true by module 7 Signal Ground Return path for data and control signals 8 Receive Signal DET (Input) Set true by module 20 Data Terminal Ready (Output) Set true after module power up Indicators The bottom line of the power meter’s display shows indicators describing the status of the Bird 4421 when used with the RS-232 interface. These are: TALK - When TALK is displayed, the power meter is transmitting data. This is always shown when the unit is in “talker-only” mode. LISTEN - When LISTEN is displayed, the power meter is receiving data. 25 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Setup DIP Switch Set the DIP switches according to application needs and the requirements of the controller. Available settings and factory defaults are listed in Figure 12. Note: There are several button styles on DIP switches (slide, rocker, lever). Examine the DIP switch to determine the ON and OFF positions. Figure 12 RS-232 Interface Default DIP Switch Settings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ON Note: If you change switch settings when the unit is ON, the new settings will not become effective unitl you turn power OFF and then back ON. Switch Function Description 1 Stop Bit ON 1 Stop Bit OFF2 Stop Bits* 2 Command Mode ON ENT command needed before sending reading to controller* OFFTrigger automatically sends reading Reading also sent when front panel push button pressed 3 Word Length ON 8 Data Bits* OFF7 Data Bits Parity (4) (5) ON ON ON OFF OFFON OFFOFF No Parity* Odd Parity Even Parity Mark Parity (6) (7) (8) ON ON ON ON OFFON ON OFFOFF OFFON ON OFFON OFF OFFOFFON OFFOFFOFF Auto Baud† 300 600 1200 2400* 4800 9600 4,5 6,7,8 Baud Rate * Default factory setting † For more information see “Auto Baud” 26 RS-232 Interface Auto Baud Auto Baud is used to automatically determine the correct transmission rate. After setting DIP switches 1 through 5, follow the steps below to use auto baud: 1. 2. 3. 4. Set DIP switches 6, 7, and 8 to ON. Connect a controller to the power meter. Turn the power meter on. Send the character U (hexadecimal 55) from the controller to the power meter. 5. Wait 1 second. 6. If the power meter’s front panel displays LISTEN, the baud rate has been determined. If not, repeat steps 4 and 5. If, after 30 seconds, the module cannot absolutely determine a baud rate, it will choose a rate based on data acquired during the test. Note: Auto Baud is the only automatically chosen setting. Other items such as parity and stop bits must be manually selected. Talker-Only Mode The Bird 4421 can be set up for manual operation while automatically sending data to an output device (Talker-Only Mode). To do so, turn DIP switch 2 OFF and cycle the power. TALK will be displayed. In Talker-Only mode, pressing a button on the meter triggers a measurement. When the measurement is complete, the information is sent to the bus. Command Syntax The Bird 4421 accepts two types of commands. General bus commands are commands, such as Initialize (INT), that apply to any RS-232 interfaced device. Device-dependent commands are specific to the 4421. If an invalid command is sent to the unit, an error condition is placed in the serial poll byte and the offending command is not executed. A group of device-dependent commands can be sent as a single string as long as like command categories are not repeated. For example: “PNFCFDT3TRG”. This string sets up the 4421 to send no prefixes, read forward dBm, make one reading on “TRG”, and triggers a measurement. Note: Commands can be entered in either upper or lower case. Note: Only the last command entered of each category will be executed. As a command string is processed by the 4421, each category of command is stored in a separate location. Two commands of the same category will be stored in the same location, so that the second will overwrite and erase the first one. General Bus Commands The general bus commands supported by the RS-232 interface module are listed in Table 6-14. Table 6-14 RS-232 General Bus Commands Command INT ENT TRG B1 to B7 XO/XF Effect on Bird 4421 Returns to default conditions Sends a reading to the controller Triggers reading in T3 mode Selects a baud rate Enables/disables software handshake 27 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter INiTialize (INT) Function Resets the Bird 4421 and returns it to the factory defaults. Remarks If INT is linked with any other command within a string, it must be separated from that command by a space. ENTer (ENT) Function Makes the power meter transmit a reading to the controller. Remarks A measurement must have already been triggered, placing a reading in the output buffer. To send a reading whenever a measurement is triggered, set DIP switch 2 to OFF. The ENT command will not need to be sent. TRiGger (TRG) Function Baud Select Initiates a measurement if the power meter is in trigger mode (T3). (Bx) Function Selects a baud rate listed in Table 6-15. Remarks When the meter recognizes a valid Bx command, its baud rate is immediately changed. (The controller is assumed to be transmitting at the new rate; otherwise sending commands would not be possible.) This command overrides the DIP switch setting. Table 6-15 Xmission Flow Control Function 28 Command Baud Rate B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 (XO/XF) Enables or disables the XON/XOFF flow control. z z Remarks Baud Rates XO enables flow control. XF disables flow control. When data is being sent from the power meter to the computer and flow control is enabled, data transmission will be suspended when the XOFF character (hexadecimal 13) is sent by the computer. Transmission will resume when XON (hex 11) is sent by the computer. When data is being sent from the computer to the power meter, XOFF will be sent to the computer when the input buffer fills up. XON will be sent to the computer when the buffer has emptied. RS-232 Interface Device Dependent Commands The device-dependent commands used by the 4421 Power Meter are listed in Table 6-16, organized by category. Table 6-16 RS-232 Device Dependent Command Summary Category Measurement Range Terminators Prefixes Triggers Status Self-Test Writable Store Forward Carrier Wave Forward dBm (FD) Reflected Carrier Wave Reflected dBm (RD) Command FC FD RC RD SW RL MN MX RYY R00 to R17 RNN YT YO YN PY PN T0 T1 T3 T5 U0 U1 U2 J0 WXXXXXX Description Forward carrier wave Forward dBm Reflected carrier wave Reflected dBm Standing wave ratio Return loss Minimum value Maximum value Auto range on Manual ranges Auto range off, stay at present range Two terminators: CR, LF One terminator: CR No terminator Prefix YES Prefix NO Continuous on ENT One shot on ENT One shot on TRG One shot on measurement command Send back current machine state Send back error conditions Send back revision levels Run self-test Place XXXXXX in RAM (FC) (RC) Function Selects forward or reflected RF power measurement mode. Remarks Measurement results are returned in Watts or dBm. Standing Wave Ratio Return Loss (RL) (SW) Function Selects SWR or return loss match measurement mode. Remarks Measurement results are returned in VSWR or dB. 29 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter MiNimum Value MaXimum Value (MN) (MX) Function Selects minimum or maximum measurement mode. Remarks Another measurement must be selected before selecting min or max. Returns the minimum (or maximum) value of the previous measurement type. Range (Rxx) Function Remarks Selects a measurement range listed in Figure 6-17. If the selected range is outside the range of the connected power sensor, the command is ignored. Table 6-17 Measurement Ranges Command RYY RNN R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R09 R08 R07 R06 R05 R04 R03 R02 R01 R00 Terminators Selects the characters that follow the end of a data string. Set x to: z z z Remarks “T” for two terminators; a carriage return(CR) and a line feed(LF). “O” for one terminator; a carriage return(CR). “N” for no terminator. Many controllers use the terminator sequence to recognize the end of an input string. Using incorrect terminators can lock the bus. (Px) Function Turns the prefix mode on or off. Set x to: z z 30 Turn auto range on Turn auto range off. Keep present range 18.0 – 199.9 MW 1.80 – 19.99 MW 0.180 – 1.999 MW 18.0 – 199.9 kW 1.80 – 19.99 kW 0.180 – 1.999 kW 18.0 – 199.9 W 1.80 – 19.99 W 0.180 – 1.999 W 18.0 – 199.9 mW 1.80 – 19.99 mW 0.180 – 1.999 mW 18.0 – 199.9 µW 1.80 – 19.99 µW 0.180 – 1.999 µW 18.0 – 199.9 nW 1.80 – 19.99 nW 0.180 – 1.999 nW (Yx) Function Prefixes Power Range “Y” to enable prefixes. “N” to disable prefixes. RS-232 Interface Remarks Prefixes are sent over the bus with the measurement, and indicate the status of the current measurement (see Table 6-18 for examples): z z z z z “FC”,”FD”,”RC”,”RD”,”SW”,”RL”,”MN”,”MX” indicates the measurement type. “U” indicates underflow; the value sent is “.000”. “O” indicates overflow; the value sent is “199.9”. “N” indicates normal; the value sent is a normal on-scale reading. “4421” indicates the Bird model number. Table 6-18 Prefix Examples Data String NFC.0.123W(CR)(LF) Normal (N) forward carrier wave (FC), prefixes on OFC 199.9W(CR)(LF) Overflowed (O) forward carrier wave (FC), prefixes on 199.9W(CR)(LF) URD Triggers Description .000W(CR)(LF) Overflowed forward carrier wave, prefixes off Underflowed (U) reflected dBm (RD), prefixes on (Tx) Function Selects the condition which will trigger a reading (see Table 6-19). Remarks Failure to trigger device before requesting a reading will lock the bus. Fastest reading rate is 2.4 readings/second; slowest is 1 reading/sec. Table 6-19 Trigger Conditions Command Status Trigger Condition T0 Continuous on ENT T1 One shot on ENT T3 One shot on TRG T5 One shot on measurement command (FC, FD, RC, RD, SW, RL, MN, MX) (Ux) Function Reads a status word and returns the information as a string. Set x to: z z z Remarks “0” for machine status. “1” for error status. “2” for revision history. After sending the status command, a status word is sent the next time the unit is addressed to talk. To ensure the correct status is transmitted, the status word should be requested as soon as possible after the command is sent. 31 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Machine Status Word (U0) - The format of the machine status word is shown in Figure 13. The default values are also shown. Figure 13 – Machine Status Word Format 4 4 2 0 – C F R Y Y P Y Y T T 1 X 0 TERM Header Measurement Function Range Prefix Terminator Trigger XON / XOFF Note: This command sets the unit to the settings that were last issued remotely (through RS-232 or GPIB). Therefore, it will over ride any manual changes selected at the front panel of the unit. Error Status Word (U1) - The format of the error status word and the possible error messages are shown in Figure 14. All flags will revert to their non-error states after the U1 command is sent. Figure 14 Error Status Word Format – 4 4 0 2 – C V M V C 0 F TERM L Header Command Status (shown valid) Command Option Status (shown valid) Self-test results (shown fail) Status Meaning Description ICM Invalid Command VCM ICO Valid Command Invalid Command Option VCO PS Valid Command Option Self-test Pass FL Self-test Fail Set when an illegal device-dependent command (IDDC) such as V2 is received. (V is illegal) Set when no IDDC is received. Set when an illegal device-dependent command option (IDDCO) such as T6 is received. (6 is illegal) Set when no IDDCO is received. Set when a self-test has been initiated by the J0 command and the test result is acceptable. Set when the self-test has failed. (This is the default condition.) Revision History Word (U2)The format of the revision history word is shown in Figure 15. Figure 15 – Revision History Word Format 4 4 2 0 – X X X X X X Header Writable stores Software Rev level Hardware Rev level Interface standard * YY is replaced with current software revision level. ** ZZ is replaced with current hardware revision level. 32 Y * Y Z ** Z RS-232 TERM RS-232 Interface Self Test (J0) Function Initiates a hardware and software test. Remarks Results are stored in the U1 status word (see “Status” on page 31). “J0” must be sent each time before reading the result. Writable Store (Wxxxxxx) Function Storage for six bytes of ASCII data. Remarks Data stored is lost when the 4421 is turned off. Data is sent back as part of the U2 status word. 33 Chapter 6 Maintenance This chapter describes routine maintenance, along with troubleshooting instructions for the power meter and power sensor. Disassembly instructions for the Bird Cal Cart are also provided. For service beyond this level, return the unit to a qualified service center. WARNING To avoid personal injury, disconnect the power cord from the AC line before performing any maintenance, including fuse replacement or changing the line voltage setting. WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. WARNING The Bird 4421 contains no user-serviceable parts. Do not remove its cover. The Bird 4421 Power Meter requires only simple, routine maintenance. z z z Wipe off dust and dirt regularly. Check the connectors and cables for damage. Clean the connector contacts with alcohol or dry cleaning solvent. Cleaning CAUTION Do not use harsh or abrasive detergents for cleaning. Clean the Bird 4421 Power Meter and its display with a soft cloth dampened with mild detergent and water only. Clean sensors with a dry cleaning solvent that leaves no residue. Troubleshooting Since the power meter and power sensor can only work together, the first step is to determine which is malfunctioning. Connect the power sensor to the meter and perform the functional test on page 37. If the power meter is malfunctioning, refer to the troubleshooting table below. If the power sensor is malfunctioning, return it for service. CAUTION Due to the complexity of the Bird Power Sensor, field repairs beyond general maintenance should not be attempted. Removal or disturbance of the power sensor cover can result in cancellation of lifetime warranty. This manual cannot list all malfunctions that may occur, or corrective actions. If a malfunction is not listed or is not corrected by the listed corrective actions, contact a qualified service center. Note: For power sensors in Cal Carts, following the test procedure will check the sensor not covered by the safety cover. To test the other sensor slide the safety cover over, then proceed as normal. 35 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter PROBLEM Power meter has no power POSSIBLE CAUSE Have the batteries been charged? Recharge the batteries. Is the power meter’s ac power cord connected? Connect the power cord. Is the ON/OFF rocker switch on the rear panel set to OFF? Set the switch to ON. (Cal Cart only) Is the Cal Cart’s AC power cord connected to the AC line? Connect AC power. Blown fuse? Check fuse rating and replace fuse (See “Replacing Fuses” on page 39). Is the sensor cable connected to both the power meter and power sensor? Connect sensor cable. Is the sensor cable defective? Replace sensor cable. Display blank or not updating Have the batteries been charged? NO: Recharge battery YES: Return meter for service. Power meter turns off while on battery power Is “LO BAT” displayed? YES: Recharge battery NO: Return meter for service. Push buttons do not respond Test the push buttons (See “Push Button Test” on page 37). Are they defective? Return meter for service. Dash moves across the display Every segment on the display is lit IEEE-488 Interface does not respond to the interface link 36 CORRECTION Return meter for service. Are the address in the interface program and the address setting on the DIP switches on the interface module the same? Change the program or DIP switch setting so that the addresses are the same (See “Dip Switch” on page 12). Send the “J0” self test command, then check the status. Does the power meter fail the self test? Replace I/O hub PCB. Is the IEEE cable defective? Replace IEEE interface cable. RS-232 Interface does not respond to the interface link. Fails J0 selftest command. Are the DIP switches set correctly? Set DIP switches. Is the RS-232 cable defective? Replace RS-232 interface cable. With the RS-232, the power meter displays “TALK” but does not operate as expected. Is DIP switch 2 set correctly? For “talk/listen” operation, set this switch to ON. For “talk always” set this switch to OFF. Is DIP switch 1 set correctly? Set DIP switch 1 as indicated in Figure 8. Maintenance Functional Test 1. Turn the power meter off. The ON/OFF switch on the rear panel should be OFF and the ac power cable should be connected. 2. Turn ON the ON/OFF switch on the rear panel of the meter. 3. While holding down the FWD and SWR push buttons, press the ON/OFF button on the front panel of the power meter. Immediately release all three. Note: The unit tests the display on power up cycling through and activating each segment two times and then activating all segments at once two times. 4. The power meter’s model number and revision date should scroll across the display. If a dash “–” is displayed instead, then the meter is malfunctioning. 5. The power sensor’s model number and revision date should scroll across the display. If a dash is displayed after the power meter data, then the power sensor is malfunctioning. Figure 16 Test Display, No Malfunction – . . 4 4 2 1 . . – 0 7 . 0 1 . 0 2 – . . 4 0 2 1 . . – 0 7 . 0 1 . 0 2 – Meter’s Model Number Meter’s Software Rev. Date Sensor’s Model Number Sensor’s Software Rev. Date Push Button Test Note: If a push button is malfunctioning, return the power meter. 1. Disconnect the power sensor. 2. Turn the power meter ON. Note: After the power up display disappears, a dash “–” should scroll across the display. 3. Turn the power meter OFF. 4. Connect the power senson. 5. Turn the power meter ON. Note: “AUTO” and “FWD” should be displayed, and a reading of “0.00 W” (or a very low number). 6. Press RFL. Note: “FWD” should change to “RFL” on the display. The reading should remain the same. 7. Press SWR. Note: “RFL” should change to “SWR”. “0.00 W” should change to “ ” (underrange error). 8. Hold down MIN. Note: “ ” should change to “ ” (overrange error). ” should change to “ ”. 9. Release MIN. Note: “ 10. Press dBm. Note: “SWR” should turn OFF and “dBm” should turn ON.. 37 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter 11. Press dBm. Note: “dBm” should change to “SWR”. 12. Press FWD. Note: “SWR” should change to “FWD” and “ ” to “.0000 W” (or a very low number). 13. Hold down MAX. Note: “.0000” should change to “1.0000”. 14. Release MAX. Note: “1.0000” should change to “.0000” (or a very low number). 15. Press LIGHT. Note: The back-light should turn on. 16. Press LIGHT. Note: The back-light should turn off. 17. Press s (up). Note: The power meter should change ranges each time it is pressed until it reaches “0.000 KW”. 18. Press t (down). Note: The power meter should change ranges each time it is pressed until it reaches “0.00 W”. 19. Turn the power meter OFF. Repair WARNING To avoid personal injury, disconnect the power cord from the AC line before performing any maintenance, including fuse replacement or changing the line voltage setting. Front Panel (Cal Cart only) Note: If the power meter is mounted in a Cal Cart, to access the power sensor or the ac connections, it will be necessary to remove the front panel of the Cal Cart. 1. Remove both screws on the front panel, between the RF connector and the handle. 2. Pull on the handle set into the base of the front panel to remove it. Note: When making AC connections, refer to the following wiring diagram. Figure 17 38 Cal Cart Wiring Schematic Maintenance Cord Reel (Cal Cart only) 1. Disconnect the cord reel from the terminal strip. 2. Unscrew the AC connector. 3. Unscrew and remove the cord reel. 4. Screw the replacement cord reel into place. 5. Thread the AC connector through the grommet, and connect the wires on the other end to the terminal strip (See Figure 18). Replacing Fuses WARNING To avoid personal injury, disconnect the power cord from the ac line before performing any maintenance, including fuse replacement. CAUTION Failure to install the properly rated fuse may result in equipment damage or nuisance failures. 1. Gently pry the fuse drawer out of the ac module. The fuse holder does not detach from the AC module. 2. Install the replacement fuses then close and secure the fuse holder. Fuse 1 is a spare fuse and fuse 2 is the active fuse. AC Line Voltage Fuse Rating 115 Vac T630 mA, 5x20 mm Time Lag Fuse 230 Vac T315 mA, 5x20 mm Time Lag Fuse Figure 18 AC Line Fuse AC Module Fuse Drawer Fuse 1 Fuse 2 39 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Replacing Batteries WARNING Exposed AC line voltage (115 VAC or 230 VAC). Disconnect the power cord from the AC line before replacing the batteries. Failure to comply may result in severe electrical shock or death. WARNING Use only Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries that have a minimum capacity of 4500 milliamper hours (mAh). Do not install batteries that are not Nickel Metal Hydride. Do not install NiMH batteries that have less than 4500 mAh capacity. Failure to comply may result in damage to the batteries, damage to the instrument, and injury to personnel from battery chemicals. 1. Disconnect the AC power cord from the ac mains supply. 2. Remove the four screws that secure the top cover. 3. Lift the top cover to access the attached ground wire then disconnect the ground wire and remove the cover. 4. Unfasten the battery retaining belts then remove the battery tubes (Figure 19). Be sure to note the polarity and orientation of the battery tubes before removing them. 5. Remove the batteries from each tube and insert replacement batteries. Be sure to note the polarity (positive and negative) arrangement of the batteries. 6. Install the battery tubes into the unit and secure with the retaining belts. Be sure to position the retaining belts as they were before removal and tighten them securely. 7. Connect the ground wire to the top cover. 8. Install the top cover and secure it with the four screws removed earlier. Figure 19 Batteries X4 X4 Item 1 2 Description Battery retaining belt Battery tube (batteries inside) Long Term Storage Do not store the instrument for long periods of time without recharging the batteries. When the instrument is stored for long periods of time without use, the batteries will loose their charge and also loose the ability to reach full charge when put into service. To restore the battery charge, perform a full charge for 28 hours. If the batteries are not fully charged after 28 hours, completely discharge the batteries then perform a full charge again. If necessary, repeat this discharge and charge cycle up to three times. If the batteries do not remain charged after three discharge-charge cycles, replace the batteries. 40 Maintenance Power Sensor (Cal Cart only) WARNING To avoid personal injury, disconnect the power cord from the AC line before performing any maintenance, including fuse replacement or changing the line voltage setting. WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. CAUTION The Bird 4421 must be powered off when connecting or disconnecting the power sensor from the power meter. CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. CAUTION Due to the complexity of the Bird Power Sensor, field repairs beyond general maintenance should not be attempted. Removal or disturbance of the power sensor cover can result in cancellation of lifetime warranty. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Disconnect the RF line from the Cal Cart. Remove the Cal Cart front panel (see "Front Panel (Cal Cart only)" on page 38). Disconnect the sensor cable from the power sensor. Disconnect the RF cable from the sensor output port. Remove the screws on the sensor mounting bracket. Remove the sensor from the mounting bracket. Put the new sensor in the bracket and screw it into place. Note: Make sure the arrow on the side of the sensor points towards the load, and that the end labeled “SOURCE” points towards the front of the Cal Cart. 8. Connect the RF cable to the sensor end labeled “LOAD”. Connect the sensor cable. 9. Replace the Cal Cart front panel. Load WARNING Heavy load. Do not attempt to lift unaided. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Disconnect all RF cables from the RF connectors on the load. Unplug the blower assembly on blower-equipped loads. Replace the vent plugs with the shipping plugs. Remove the mounting bolts connecting the load to the Cal Cart. Remove the load. 1. 2. 3. 4. Remove the load (See "Load" on page 41). Flip the cart over. Unscrew the defective caster. Screw the new caster into place and replace the load. Casters Handle 1. Unscrew the hadle 2. Remove the old handle. 3. Screw the new handle into place. 41 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Storage and Shipment (Cal Cart only) Cover the unit before storing to keep out dust and dirt. It is not necessary to install the shipping plug. Store in a dry, dust-free environment where the ambient temperature will remain between –20 and +50 °C (–4 to +122 °F). Before shipping the Bird Cal Cart, take the following precautions: z Remove the vent plugs and replace them with the shipping plugs. Wrap the vent plugs with padding and tape them to the side of the load for protection. Note: With the shipping plugs installed, it is not necessary to empty out the coolant. z Repack in the original carton or contact Bird for a transit case. Specifications, Cal Cart To determine the model numbers of the Cal Cart components, refer to "About This Manual" on page x. For load specifications, refer to the load manual included. Note: Certain sensors or connectors may be incompatible with some models. Refer to "About This Manual" on page x for a list of available components, or contact Customer Service. Max. Power Under normal operating conditions, the Cal Cart’s maximum power is the MINIMUM of the max. power of the sensor and the max. power of the load. The following modifiers apply: z Above 65 MHz, derate the load’s max. power. See "High Frequency Derating 1" on page 47. z Due to the wide variety of available connectors, frequency range and maximum power may be reduced. Insertion loss is specified with female N connectors. Choose connectors appropriate for the frequency and power of operation. z Derate RF power by 2.5% for every 305m (1,000 ft.) above 1,520m (5,000 ft.). Table 7-20 Frequency Range Sensor dependent, 30 MHz max. Power Range Dependent on sensor, sensor connectors, and load Connectors Customer specified (See "Available Connectors" on page 49) Dimensions Short Cart Long Cart 42”L x 20”W x 42”H (1067 x 508 x 1067 mm) 52”L x 20”W x 42”H (1321 x 508 x 1067 mm) Weight, Nominal Short Cart Long Cart 175 lbs. (80 kg) 290 lbs. (114 kg) Temperature Range Operating Storage 0 to +35 °C (32 to +95 °F) –20 to +70 °C (–4 °F to +158 °F) Altitude 1520 m (5000 ft.) Humidity 85% noncondensing max Calibration Cycle, Nominal 1 year CE 42 Bird Cal Cart CE Compliant. Refer to Declaration of Conformity for specific standards. Maintenance Specifications, 4421 Power Meter Specifications, Power Sensors Table 7-21 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Frequency Range Sensor dependent Power Range Sensor dependent VSWR Display 1.0 – 199.9 max Return Loss Display 0 to 40 dB max Display Accuracy ± 1 on least significant digit AC Power 115/230 Vac @ 50/60 Hz; 60 W Batteries 8 Nickel Metal Hydride 1.2 v cells, rechargeable Battery Life Approximately 8 hours continuous usage (reduced after high temperature charging) Battery Charger Built-in battery charger. Drained batteries require approximately 28 hours to recharge. Display LCD, 4½ digit display. Indicates mode, measurement units, battery condition, remote status, and signal increase/ decrease. Self contained backlight. Optional Interfaces IEEE-488 GPIB RS-232 Fuse Rating IEC (5 x 20 mm) Time Lag Type T 115 Vac 230 Vac T630 mA T315 mA CE CE Compliant. Refer to Declaration of Conformity for specific standards. Humidity 95% max. (noncondensing) Altitude Up to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) Temperature Range Operating Storage 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F) –20 to +50 °C (–4 to +122 °F) Dimensions 15.5”L x 12.25”W x 4.25”H (393 x 311 x 108 mm) Weight, Nominal 9.5 lbs. (4.3 kg) CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. 43 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Table 7-22 Specifications Common to all Sensors Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms Max. Allowable Terminating VSWR 2.00:1 Calibration Technique Frequency-specific calibration factors stored in nonvolatile memory in each sensor. Sensor output corrected for frequency and temperature within specified ranges. Calibration Cycle, Nominal 4027A and 4027F, 6 months All other models, 1 year Accuracy, Reflected Calculated from FWD accuracy and FWD power FWD Power RFL Accuracy = FWD Accuracy + -------------------------------10 Directivity / 10 Accuracy, VSWR Calculated from FWD and RFL power P R⎞ ⎛ P R⎞ ⎛ VSWR = ⎜ 1 + ------⎟ ⁄ ⎜ 1 – ------⎟ P F⎠ ⎝ P F⎠ ⎝ Sampling Rate, Nominal 2 readings/second Operating Power Supplied by power meter via sensor cable Connectors 4028B10M 4028C10M 4028A Series All other models CE CE Compliant. Refer to Declaration of Conformity for specific standards. Humidity, Max. 95% (noncondensing) Altitude, Max. 10,000 feet (3,000 m) Temperature Range Operating Storage 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F) –20 to +70 °C (–4 to +158 °F) Dimensions 4028B3M, 4028B10M 4028A Series All other models 6.75”L x 3.5”W x 4.75”H (175 x 89 x 121 mm) 4.7”L x 3.2”W x 3.8”H (120 x 82 x 97mm) 5.2”L x 2.5”W x 3.25”H (137 x 64 x 83 mm) Weight, Nominal 4028B3M, 4028B10M, 4028C10M 5 lb. 2 oz. (2.33 kg) 4028A2M, 3M, 4M, and 25M 3 lb. 5 oz. (1.5 kg) All other models 44 1-5/8” EIA Flanged 3-1/8” EIA Flanged 7-16 DIN, LC, HN, or 7/8” Customer specified from QC list, appropriate for frequency and power. 10M, 1 lb. 13 oz. (0.8 kg) Maintenance Table 7-23 Bird 4020 Series RF Power Sensors RF Power Range 4021, 4022 4024, 4025 Frequency Range 4021 4022 4024 4025 Accuracy, Fwd, Best Case* VSWR, Max. 4021, 4024, 4025 4022 Insertion Loss, Max. 4021, 4024, 4025 4022 Directivity, Min. 4021, 4022 4024 4025 * 300 mW – 1 kW 3 W – 10 kW 1.8 – 32 MHz 25 MHz – 1 GHz 1.5 – 32 MHz 100 kHz – 2.5 MHz ± 3% (1σ) 1.05:1 1.05:1, 25 – 512 MHz and 1.10:1, 512 MHz – 1 GHz 0.05 dB 0.05 dB, 25 – 512 MHz and 0.13 dB, 512 MHz – 1 GHz 30 dB 28 dB, 1.5 – 2.5 and 25 – 32 MHz and 30 dB, 2.5 – 25 MHz 28 dB, 100 – 125 kHz and 30 dB, 125 – 2500 kHz For rated accuracy, no more than 1% AM; Harmonics –50 dBc or less Derate accuracy by 3.0% (1σ) below 15 °C and above 35 °C CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. Table 7-24 Bird 4027A Series RF Power Sensors Frequency Range 4027A250K 250 – 400 kHz 4027A400K 400 – 550 kHz 4027A800K 800 – 950 kHz 4027A2M 1.5 – 2.5 MHz 4027A4M 3 – 5 MHz 4027A10M 10 – 15 MHz RF Power Range 4027A12M 300 mW – 1 kW 4027A25M 3 W – 9 kW 4027A35M 3 W – 7.5 kW 4027A60M 3 W – 6 kW Accuracy, Fwd, Best Case* Calibration Frequencies, Typical (MHz)† 4027A250K 0.25, 0.40 4027A400K 0.40 4027A800K 0.90 4027A2M 1.8, 2.0, 2.17 4027A4M 4.0, 5.0 4027A10M 10.0, 13.56, 15.0 Calibration Power, Typical 4027A12M All other models VSWR, Max. Insertion Loss, Max. Directivity, Min. 4027A12M All other models * † 4027A12M 4027A25M 4027A35M 4027A60M 4027A100M 4027A150M 10 – 15 MHz 25 – 30 MHz 35 – 45 MHz 45 – 65 MHz 95 – 105 MHz 150 – 170 MHz 4027A100M 4027A150M All other models 3 W – 4 kW 3.75 W – 3.75 kW 3 W – 10 kW ± 1.0% (1σ) 4027A12M 4027A25M 4027A35M 4027A60M 4027A100M 4027A150M 10.0, 13.56, 15.0 25.76, 27.12, 28.48 40.68 55.0, 60.0 95.0, 100.0 162.0 700 W 1.7 kW 1.05:1 0.05 dB (with female “N” connectors) 30 dB 28 dB For rated accuracy, no more than 1% AM; Harmonics –50 dBc or less Derate accuracy by 1% (1σ) outside cal. power or cal. frequency Derate accuracy by 1% (1σ) below 15 °C and above 35 °C Other calibration frequencies available upon request 45 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Table 7-25 Bird 4027F Series RF Power Sensors Frequency Range 4027F2M 4027F10M 4027F60M RF Power Range 4027F2M, 4027F10M 4027F60M Accuracy, Fwd, Best Case Calibration Frequencies, Typical* 4027F2M 4027F10M 4027F60M Calibration Power, Typical Harmonic Rejection, Min. 4027F2M 4027F10M 4027F60M Low Frequency Rejection, Min. 4027F10M 4027F60M Max Error Induced by 10% AM 4027F2M, 4027F10M 4027F60M VSWR, Max. Insertion Loss, Max. Directivity, Min. * 1.8 – 2.2 MHz 12 – 15 MHz 57 – 63 MHz 0.1 – 10 kW 0.1 – 3 kW ± 1.0% (2σ) 1.8, 2.0, 2.17 MHz 12.0, 12.5, 13.56, 14.0, 15.0 MHz 57.0, 58.5, 60.0, 61.5, 63.0 MHz 1.7 kW 26 dB @ 3.6 – 3.8 MHz, 30 dB @ > 3.8 MHz 30 dB @ > 25 MHz 30 dB @ > 114 MHz 30 dB @ < 1 MHz 30 dB @ < 15 MHz 0.2% @ < 5 kW, 1.0% @ 5 – 10 kW 0.2% @ < 1.5 kW, 1.0% @ 1.5 – 3 kW 1.05:1 0.05 dB (with female “N” connectors) 28 dB Other calibration frequencies available upon request Table 7-26 Bird 4028A and 4028B Series RF Power Sensors Frequency Range 4028A250K 4028A400K 4028A2M 4028A3M 4028A4M 4028A10M, 4028B10M, 4028C10M 4028A25M 4028B3M RF Power Range 4028A250K, 4028A400K 4028C10M All other models Accuracy, Fwd, Best Case* Calibration Frequencies, Typical (MHz)† 4028A250K 4028A400K 4028A2M 4028A3M 4028A4M 4028A10M, 4028B10M, 4028C10M 4028A25M 4028B3M Calibration Power, Typical VSWR, Max. Insertion Loss, Max. Directivity, Min. * † 46 250 – 400 kHz 400 – 550 kHz 1.5 – 2.5 MHz 2.5 – 3.5 MHz 3.5 – 4.5 MHz 10 – 15 MHz 25 – 30 MHz 2.5 – 4 MHz 1 kW – 20 kW 500W – 50 kW 1 kW – 25 kW ± 2.0% (2σ) 0.25, 0.40 0.40 1.8, 2.0, 2.17 2.5, 3.2, 3.5 3.5, 4.0 10.0, 13.56, 15.0 25.76, 27.12, 28.48 2.5, 3.2, 3.5, 4.0 3.5 kW 1.05:1 0.05 dB (with female 7-16 DIN connectors) 28 dB For rated accuracy, no more than 1% AM; Harmonics –50 dBc or less Derate accuracy by 2% (2σ) outside cal. power or cal. frequency Derate accuracy by 2% (2σ) below 15 °C and above 35 °C Other calibration frequencies available upon request Maintenance Specifications, RS-232 Interface Table 7-27 RS-232 Interface Module Logic Levels Modes of Operation Talk Always Addressable Connector Humidity, Max Altitude, Max Temperature Range Operating Storage Dimensions Weight Meets all EIA Standard RS-232-C specifications Switch and bus selectable Allows the 4421 to send to the bus keyboard-initiated measurements only Allows the 4421 to be commanded by an RS-232 interface controller RS-232 Interface Type 95% (non-condensing) 10,000 feet (3,000 m) 0 to 50º C (32 to 122º F) –20 to +50º C (–4 to +122º F) 6.5”L x 4.5” W (165 x 115 mm) 0.5 lbs (0.23 kg) nominal Specifications, IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Table 7-28 IEEE-488 Interface Logic Levels Modes of Operation Talk Only Addressable Connector Humidity, Max Altitude, Max Temperature Range Operating Storage Dimensions Weight, Nominal Figure 20 Meets all IEEE Standard 488-1978 specifications Switch and bus selectable Allows the 4421 to send to the bus keyboard-initiated measurements only Allows the 4422 to be addressed as talker or listener under the command of an IEEE-488 bus controller Standard IEEE-488 bus type 95% (non-condensing) 10,000 feet (3,000 m) 0 to 50º C (32 to 122º F) –20 to +50º C (–4 to +122º F) 6.5”L x 4.5” W (165 x 115 mm) 0.5 lbs (0.23 kg) High Frequency Derating 1 Load Derating Above 65 MHz 5 & 10 kW Loads 10 9 8 Max. Power (kW) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 100 1000 Frequency (MHz) 47 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Figure 21 High Frequency Derating 2 Load Derating Above 65 MHz 1 & 2.5 kW Loads 2.5 Max. Power (kW) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 10 100 1000 Frequency (MHz) Table 7-29 Replacement Parts Description 48 Qty Part Number Fuse, IEC (5 x 20 mm) Time Lag Type T 115 Vac, T630 mA 230 Vac, T315 mA 1 Cord, AC Power 115 Vac 230 Vac Harmonized 1 Plug, 115 Vac 1 5A2626 Cable, Sensor 1 4421-038 Grommet 1 4421A372 Cordreel 1 4421A383 Casters 4 4421A384 Handle 1 4421A385 IEEE-488 Bus Interface Module 1 4421-489-2 Cable, IEEE-488 2m 1m 1 RS-232 Bus Interface Module 1 Cable, RS-232 10 ft. 5 ft. 1 Null Modem Kit (RS-232 only) 1 4380-250 Panel Mount Kit 1 4421-250 Battery, C size, NiMH 8 5A1230 5A2257-14 5A2257-11 5-1286 5A2416 5-1317-2 5-1317-1 4421-233-1 5-1662-2 5-1662-1 Maintenance Available Connectors CAUTION Changing the sensor’s connectors will invalidate calibration data, and may reduce the maximum power rating of the unit. Connector P/N HN (F) 4240-268 LC (F) 4240-031 BNC-Female 4240-125 BNC-Male 4240-132 C-Female 4240-100 C-Male 4240-110 HN-Female 4240-268 HN-Male 4240-278 LC-Female 4240-031 LC-Male 4240-025 Open Term. # 10-32 Nut 4240-080 N (F) 4240-062 7/16 Jack, IEC Type 169-4 4240-344 LT-Female 4240-018 LT-Male 4240-012 N-Female 4240-062 N-Male 4240-063 SC-Female 4240-090 SMA-Female 4240-336 SMA-Male 4240-334 7/16 Jack, IEC Type 169-4 4240-344 7/16 Plug, IEC Type 169-4 4240-363 TRU 6934 (F) 4240-371 TRU 7958 (F) 4240-372 Mini UHF-Female 4240-346 UHF-Female 4240-050 UHF-Male 4240-179 1-5/8” EIA Fixed 4240-096 1-5/8” EIA Swivel 4240-208 7/8” EIA 4240-002 TNC-Female 4240-156 TNC-Male 4240-160 49 Bird 4421 RF Power Meter Customer Service If you need to return the unit for any reason, contact the Bird Service Center for a return authorization. All instruments returned must be shipped prepaid and to the attention of Bird Service Center. Bird Service Center 30303 Aurora Road Cleveland (Solon), Ohio 44139-2794 Phone: (440) 519-2298 Fax: (440) 519-2326 E-mail: bsc@bird-technologies.com For the location of the sales office nearest you, give us a call or visit our Web site at: http://www.bird-electronic.com 50 Limited Warranty All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made for any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or repairs, or any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by Seller. If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they are located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transportation-charges prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved to be other than as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and from Seller’s plant, will be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will be made for amounts so expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of these warranties shall be deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writing within ten (10) days from the date of discovery of the defect. The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs or alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts thereof furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or to Buyer’s specifications. Routine (regularly required) calibration is not covered under this limited warranty. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the failure of tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and parts manufactured by others except to the extent of the original manufacturer’s warranty to Seller. The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise terms thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu of all other remedies including claims for special or consequential damages. SELLER NEITHER MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOREGOING. Special Lifetime Warranty - Series 4020, Series 4027A, Series 4027F, and Series 4028 Power Sensor Head In addition to its standard warranty, the Bird Electronic Corporation warrants its Series 4020, Series 4027A, Series 4027F, and Series 4028 Thruline® Power Sensor Heads for lifetime to original purchaser. This extended warranty is against burnout. For the warranty to apply, the Sensor Head must be used with the correct Bird Electronic Corporation Display Unit, the maximum power rating of the Sensor must not be exceeded, the Sensor RF circuit must be properly terminated and the Sensor not subjected to physical abuse. Bird Electronic Corporation, at its option, will repair or replace the defective Sensor at its world Headquarters at 30303 Aurora Road, Solon, Ohio 44139. The customer is responsible to pay transportation charges to return the defective sensor to Bird. 51
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