CSC_Hard_Drive_Bible_7th_Edition_1994 CSC Hard Drive Bible 7th Edition 1994
CSC_Hard_Drive_Bible_7th_Edition_1994 CSC_Hard_Drive_Bible_7th_Edition_1994
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Seventh Edition with SCSI Command Reference April 1994 Written by: Marrin Bodo About the Author: Martin Bodo is the founder and President of Corporate Sysrems Center, Inc. He has a degree in Physics from rhe University of Santa Clara. He has been an avid con1pucer enthusiast since his early teens. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank all of the manufacturers who provided us with dara for this publication. Without their cooperation rhis book would have been impossible. The following people deserve special recognirion for their efforts in providing us with phoros and background information. i\Il1l~TlN BODO, PRESIDENT CSC Maxtor Tech Support Department Ma.xtor Service Center \,'· 1 ." . ~ . / ~~. 'p' . . . , . ", r~' ', I r' _.-' ...... HAROLD MOOREHEAD, EDITOI~ Jim Phelphs Bill Rudock Guy Chan Mike Mori MaxOptics Tech SuPPOrt Department - Rodime, Inc. - Seagate Technology, Technical Support - Microscience, Technical Support - Sycard Technologies Special thanks to the entire esc staff who have helped write, edit, sell and distribute the Hard Drive Bible to over 30,000 satisfied customers. Dediccttion: To my /1OOMbits per square inch. In 1992, improvements in mechanical alignment and media had boosted the capacity of standard diskettes to 2.88MB and "floptical" diskettes to 20MB. Maxtor Corporation announced the "Magic" MXT series of disk 3.5" disk drives with capacities over 1GB and access times under8ms. 5.25" disk drives were available in 1992 with over 3GB of formatted capacity. It's 1994 now, as we write the update to the Hard Drive Bible. It's hard to predict the future, but I'll be glad to share a few thoughts on the data storage industry. My friends in the floppy industry tell me that Hoptical drives will soon be shipping with 80 MB capacity in a standard 3.5" form factor. I'm not sure what industry standards will develop, but other than "floptical" drives, I don't see much future for the floppy disk industry. Read the chapter on CD-ROM for more insight. CDROM and recordable CD-ROM drives are now about to revolutionize software distribution. The hard disk industry, on the other hand, is moving faster than ever. Volumes are huge and a few manufacturing companies staying profitable despite intense competition. Technology is advancing faster than ever. My friends and I used to talk about "mini-mono" disk heads. Then it was "micro-sliders" and even "nano-sliders". Today we had a nerd's lunch and talked about "picosliders" that fly at 4 millionths of an inch above the disk. As far as I'm concerned, that should be called "contact recording" ! Will hard drive sales continue to grow? To be honest, there are some potential challengers for hard drives. Optical, and Hash technologies are improving. © esc 1994 You can bet our friends at Intel think Hash will kill hard drives. But our friends in Japan working on optical disk drives feel that optical drives will win out in the long run. My opinion is unchanged. I've heard people tell me that something better will replace hard drives for the last ten years. Every time there's a technical advance in Hash or optical drive, there's a corresponding advance in disk drive technology. Hard drives are here to stay. As magnetic, optical, and semiconductor technologies advance together, hard drives continue to offer more storage for less money, with a better access time. Each technology has it's distinct advantages, but the magnetic recording technology used in hard drives is simple, mature and easy to manufacture. Hard drives will remain practical for at least several more years. In 1993, only one major disk drive manufacturer was able to maintain profitability. I take my hat off to Alan Shugart, CEO of Seagate Technologies for that accomplishment. Seagate has a broad line of products from 8" drives to PCMCIA FLASH memory. They're quick on their feet and poised for the future. But the majority of disk drive manufacturers continue to loose money! This is an omen of the largest potential problem facing the data storage industry: price competition. Severe price competition is forcing many companies to abandon research efforts and concentrate on high volume, low-tech products. Only the lean, high tech companies will survive the competition. Some feel that magnetic recording technology has now begun to give way to optical technologies. I agree that optical technology has now become affordable and reliable enough to replace magnetic drives in some applications. In the past few years, optical recording techniques pioneered by the Japanese in consumer products have developed to the point where optical drives are manufactured at reasonable costs. Many companies like Hitachi, Sony, Ricoh, and MaxOptix do a brisk business selling fast, reliable, low cost optical drives. I feel the compelling advantage behind optical media is removability. Cartridge hard drives and hard drives with removable HDA's are not as large or convenient as optical media. The market for erasable optical drives will continue to grow. Hard Drive Bible 5 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 6 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Interlace Standards With every new developing technology comes the problem of standardization. The data storage industry has been influenced by standards from manufacturers and various groups including: Some of the popular standards that have evolved are listed below: ANSI With the emergence of IBM compatible PCs as a hardware standard, drive manufacturers have recently started to integrate much of the IBM controller hardware onto their disk drives. These drives are called "Intelligent Drive Electronics" or "Integrated Drive Electronics" (IDE) drives. This interface is often referred to as the "ATA" or "IBM Task File" compatible interface. Drives with an 8-bit IDE interface are often called "XT Interface" drives, and drives with a 16-bit interface are often called "AT Interface" drives. By imbedding an AT controller card into the drive, a significant manufacturing cost savings occurs. Many parts (including line drivers and even a microprocessor) may be eliminated. Early "XT Interface" drives use a BIOS ROM on the paddleboard and cannot be interchanged with "AT Interface" drives. An XT Interface controller and drive may be used in an AT class computer if the CMOS is set to "no drive installed". Conner Peripherals and Compaq Computer were among the first companies to ship IDE drives in volume. Since then, acceptance ofthe IDE interface based on their original design has grown. Since the imbedded controller on an IDE drive is optimized to run efficiently with the drive it is attached to, IDE interface drives often operate with improved performance over their comparable MFM or RLL counterparts. Some sacrifices were made in MFM/RLL controller and drive design to ensure compatibility with a large range of drives. Imbedded controllers are usually faster due to optimization. It is clear that IDE drives have rapidly replaced the original MFM and RLL drives used in early IBM-AT compatible applications. Since most new disk drives use zoned recording techniques to increase drive capacity, all of these drives must use imbedded controllers. The only practical interface alternative for imbedded controllers on small disks are IDE or SCSI. One disadvantage ofthe IDE interface is the 528MB American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor New York, New York 10036-8002 (212)642-4900 (212)398-0023 Fax NAB National Association of Broadcasters 1771 North Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036-2891 (202)429-5300 (202)429-5343 Fax IBM First in standards for drives and computers IBM Personal Computer Division Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 (800) 772-2227 IRCC International Radio Consultive Committee IRIG Interrange Instrumentation Group Shugart Associates Pioneer in floppy disk drives Shugart Associates 9292 Geronimo, Building #103 Irvine, CA 92718 (714)770-1100 Seagate Technology Pioneer in hard disk drives Seagate Technology 920 Disc Drive Scotts Valley, CA 95067 (408)438-6550 (408)438-6356 Fax © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 7 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 limitiation. Although the most popular IDE drives sold today are less than 528MB, disk sizes continue to grow. A modification to the IDE interface software standard is now proposed so that drives over 528MB can be supported. See the Enhanced IDE chapter for more information on how the IDE interface will be improved in the future. Another minor problem with the IDE interface is hardware incompatibility. Some IDE drives may be incompatible with each other or with some paddle boards, mostly due to different buffering or decoding. See the pinout in the Connector Pinouts section for more information on IDE drives. 81-506/81-412 Interface Seagate Technology is the world's largest manufacturer of hard drives. Their first ST506 five megabyte fullheight 5.25" disk drive was one of the first hard drives manufactured in volume. This drive used a 5 Mbitl second MFM encoded interface. The standard interface copied from this drive was used in all "ST-506 compatible" MFM and RLL drives. MFM and RLL Encoding Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) encoding was first patented by Ampex Corporation in 1963. MFM encoding is often called "double density" and is used to code data on floppy and hard drives. MFM is an attractive coding scheme mainly because it is simple to encode and decode. MFM is now the standard coding technique for floppy disk drives and some small capacity hard disk drives. Run Length Limited (RLL) encoding is a group coding technique which provides an increase in data density over MFM encoding. In RLL encoding, streams of data are grouped together and each group of data produces a recording pattern which depends on the bits which came before it. RLL encoding eliminates high frequency flux transitions and permits an increased data density within a fixed recording bandwidth. The most common RLL coding (RLL 2,7) provides a 50% improvement in recording density over MFM coding. For example, a drive which stores 100MB ofdata at 5Mbitlsec MFM data rate can be made to store 150MB of data using RLL encoding. The data transfer rate increases to 7.5Mbitlsec using RLL 2,7, while the recording bandwidth stays at 5 Mhz. 8 Hard Drive Bible Other RLL codings can provide even higher recording densities. RLL 3,9 (commonly called ARRL) provides a 100% improvement in recording density. Longer codes can provide even greater increases. Because RLL coding does not require an increased read! write channel bandwidth when compared to MFM encoding, RLL is now a popular coding technique used to increase capacity in many hard disk drives. Most modern ESDI, ST506-RLL and SCSI drives use RLL encoding. For a more detailed description ofhow RLL data is coded and decoded, see the next chapter. Since RLL encoding provides higher data density in the same recording bandwidth, the data capture window is reduced. To accurately reproduce data in this smaller capture window, RLL encoding requires an improved data separator, an accurate read channel, and better PLL circuitry. The rotational speed of the disk drive must also remain more constant. Simply put, there is less margin for error using RLL encoding. Because of this, only drives specifically designed for ST506 RLL encoding should be used with RLL controllers. Connecting an ST506 RLL controller to a drive designed for MFM applications can result in a loss of data integrity. Before RLL'ing a drive, check with the manufacturer to insure that the drive is RLL certified. Be very careful when using ARRL controllers. E8Dlinterface The Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) is basically an improved, high speed ST-506 interface. This interface was pioneered by Maxtor. The combination of a 34-pin control cable and a 20-pin data cable from the ST-506 interface are retained, but the ESDI interface features improved actuator commands and data transfer rates. The ESDI interface uses a data separator located on the disk drive itself. Older ST-506 designs used a data separator on the controller card instead. Moving the data separator to the drive improves compatibility and makes the ESDI interface independent of data rate. Providing the maximum data transfer rate of the controller is not exceeded, any speed ESDI drive can be connected to any controller. ESDI drives are available with rates up to 28 Mbits/sec. The ESDI interface offers less command overhead than the SCSI interface. However, ESDI is not particularly well suited to zoned recording, and is really only useful for fixed disks. ESDI remains a useful, fast © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 interface for hard disks, but SCSI has won out in popularity. The attraction of being able to daisy chain peripherals like CD-ROM and SCSI tape drives has ultimately driven the industry away from ESDI and toward SCSI. SCSI Interface The Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) first became popular as the interface used for Apple Macintosh peripherals. Actually, SCSI has been used for quite some time in workstation applications and is rapidly gaining popularity in the PC marketplace. SCSI offers the ability to daisy chain up to seven devices (hard, optical, tape, etc.) to a single controller with a single cable. SCSI is basically a high-speed bidirectional 8-bit parallel interface that has been standardized in terms of both hardware and software by ANSI. The SCSI bus allows addition of up to 7 devices using a daisy-chained cable. Unfortunately, though most manufacturers ofSCSI peripherals adhere to the basic ANSI hardware specifications, the level of SCSI software compatibility varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. A new ANSI standard, SCSI-II has been announced in an attempt to standardize the SCSI software interface. The ANSI SCSIII specification adds features like disconnect/reconnect, and messaging while maintaining downward compatibility with SCSI-I devices. A recent copy of the SCSI specification may be obtained from ANSI or the CSC BBS. Good termination and shielding allow a "single wide" SCSI bus to operate at speeds in excess of 10MB/ sec. Since most existing SCSI peripherals only sustain data rates of around 2-3MB/sec, the SCSI interface has the data bandwidth to handle higher speed drives in the future. The new SCSI-II standards for Wide SCSI and Fast SCSI offer a wider bus and sustained transfer rates up to 40MB/sec. These new versions of SCSI offer more than adequate throughput for any storage device that might appear in the near future. The SCSI interface offers the flexibility and room for future expansion, but brings with it all the problems of a developing technology. WIDE SCSI Currently, the terms "wide SCSI" and "double wide SCSI" are used to refer to a SCSI interface with a 16 bit © CSC 1994 wide data path. This interface uses a 68 pin connector, and the electrical handshaking and data transfer system is identical to the more common 8 bit "single wide" SCSI bus. The ANSI SCSI specification provides a method for negotiating with peripherals to determine if they offer "wide SCSI" capabilities. Theoretically, the wide SCSI bus is downward compatible with standard "single wide" SCSI devices. FAST SCSI "FAST SCSI" refers to SCSI handshaking system which reduces hardware overhead during data transfers. Peripherals which support this feature will transfer data at higher burst rates if they are connected to a controller which also supports FAST SCSI. If either the peripheral or the controller does not support FAST SCSI, the burst data transfer rate is unaffected. SMD Interface The Storage Module Device (SMD) interface is the most popular interface for the 8" drives used in mainframe, minicomputer, and workstation applications. Variations include an improved data transferrate (HSMD). SMD drives are gradually being replaced by SCSI in most applications. Bridge controllers are now available to adapt newer ESDI drives to the SMD interface. IPllnterface The Intelligent Peripheral Interface (IPI) is a mainframe disk drive interface standard used mainly on 8" and 14" drives. It is popular in IBM and Sun workstation and minicomputer applications. Many drives are available with dual IPI ports. QIC-02 Interface This QIC-02 interface is a software standard for tape drives. Most PC based 1/4" tape controllers use a QIC-02 command set. QIC-40 Interface This interface uses an standard floppy controller to store data on minicartridge data tapes. Although they are relatively slow, these drives are popular in PC applications due to their low cost. Drives are now available with Hard Drive Bible 9 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 up to 250MB (500MB compressed) capacities and data transfer rates up to 1Mbit/sec. OIC-36 Interface This 50-pin tape drive interface standard was pioneered by companies like Wangtec and Archive. The pinout is listed in the Pinout Section. SA-400 Interface As with Seagate and the ST-506 Interface, the SA400 interface is named after the originator of the first mass produced floppy disk drive. Shugart Associates manufactured the SA-400 in 1978 and the SA-400 was the first disk drive to gain wide acceptance. The interface used a simple 34-pin cable with the 17 odd numbered pins connected to ground for noise reduction and shielding. This 34-pin interface was modified to create the ST-506 hard disk drive interface discussed earlier in this section. The pinout of the interface used in modern floppy disk drives is shown in the Pinout Section. Although additional functions have been added since the original SA-400 drive (mainly DISK_CHANGE, SPEED_SELECT, and DRIVE_READY), this pinout is still affectionately referred to as the SA-400 interface. Future Standards Currently the most popular disk drive interface for small capacity hard drives is the IDE (or AT) standard. In the immediate future, the PC market will continue to be dominated by IDE drives. The most popular interface for high performance, large capacity drives in now SCSI. In the future, as SCSI software standards evolve and the costs of SCSI drives and controllers come down, much of the IDE market will be displaced by SCSI. In workstations and high-end PC applications, it seems clear that SCSI is the interface of the future. For example, all of the popular optical and DAT drives use the SCSI interface. We look forward to the time when small computer peripheral interfacing is simplified as manufacturers all begin to conform to the new SCSI-III and future SCSI-IV standards. 10 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Basic Drive Operation All disk drives perform three basic functions. They spin, seek, and transfer data. The disks inside a hard drive are mounted and rotated by a motor normally located in the center of the disks called the spindle motor. The read/ write heads are held and moved in a head carriage which also usually holds the preamplifier electronics. Disks and heads are stacked vertically on the spindle motor, and the head stack assembly is positioned on-track by a servo system. Raw read data flows from the preamplifier and is encoded and decoded by the drive electronics. The heads read and write this "encoded" data to the disks (media). Data encoding and decoding circuitry is designed to pack as much information as possible into the smallest area. Read/write circuits move the encoded data to and from the magnetic recording heads. When writing, the heads convert the electric currents from read/write circuits into highly concentrated magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are stored in miniature magnetic groups called "domains" on the surface of the disk. When reading, the magnetic domains stored on the media are converted into electric currents as the heads pass by a second time, this time operating in reverse. The heads convert the changing magnetic fields from the disk into electric currents as the read data is recovered. The sections below describe the operation and purpose of the basic components of a disk drive: the spindle motor, the servo system, heads and media, and the data encoding circuitry. that thermal expansion caused by spindle motor power dissipation be kept to a minimum. Some early drive designs were plagued with stiction or heat problems caused by inadequate spindle motors. Newer designs have resolved these problems by providing spindle motors with higher start-up torques and lower power consumption. All modem drives use microprocessor controlled spindle motor drive circuitry with pulse width modulation to minimize power consumption once the drive reaches operating speed. Spindle Motors In high capacity disk drives the quality of the bearings used in the spindle motor assembly is becoming increasingly important. As the concentric tracks in a drive are pushed closer and closer together in an effort to gain higher storage capacities, spindle bearing "mnout" becomes a consideration. The smallest amount of wobble in a modern disk assembly can throw a head assembly slightly off track, resulting in reduced data integrity. Drive manufacturers have gone to great lengths to find affordable spindle motor bearings which offer the lowest amount of mnout while still providing long life. Early hard drives spun at 60 revolutions per second (3600 RPM) because synchronous motors were used which locked to the 60 Hz AC line frequency. Some newer designs now offer "fast spin" rates of up to 7000 The motor used to rotate the disks in a drive is called a spindle motor. Disk drives use many different types of spindle motors. The type used determines the spin-up time of the disk and torque as well as the heat dissipation inside the drive. A motor with a high start-up torque is necessary since the extremely flat heads and disks used in modem drives tend to stick together when power is removed and the heads land on the disk. At the same time, the spindle motor must operate efficiently with a minimum power consumption. Heat dissipated inside a disk drive causes the mechanical parts in the actuator and disk assembly to expand. Because modern drives require extremely precise mechanical alignment, it is essential © CSC 1994 Figure 4- Spindle motor used in high-capacity Maxtor drives. Hard Drive Bible 11 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 RPM. At these higher spin speeds, improved spindle motor bearing quality and balancing is essential. Faster responding servo systems are also required to track data at higher spindle speeds. rotary actuator. This actuator system has become standard in modem hard disk drives for two main reasons. Rotary actuators are cheap and reliable. Typically only two ball bearings are needed at the top and bottom of the actuator. Head Carriage Media and Heads The mechanical engineer asked to design a modem head carriage is faced with a difficult task: Design a perfectly balanced mechanism to hold the heads firmly and rigidly using existing bearing and actuator technology. And management wants it for free! The head carriage must have the lowest moving mass possible, enabling it to be moved hundreds of time a second. The ultimate limiting factors in the push for higher and higher data densities in today's drives are the heads and media. Hard disk media was originally manufactured by spin depositing iron oxide (rust) particles on machined aluminum disks. Modern disks Figure 5Head carriage with linear actuator Figure 6- 5.25" Plated media The head carriage pictured above uses a linear actuator. The advantage of this type of actuator is that the heads always stay parallel to the recording track. The disadvantages are more complexity and moving parts (higher cost) and higher mass than a rotary actuator. Head carriage with rotary actuator The head carriage above is typical of a modem 12 Hard Drive Bible are made of annealed aluminum which is sputtered and plated with magnetic coatings, then coated with rugged lubricated coatings. Disk media is classified by the amount of magnetic field in Oersteds (Oe) required to produce enough magnetic dipole reversals in the disk coating to be detected by a magnetic head. Earlier media was easily magnetized using fields of 600 Oe or less. Newer high density media requires fields of 1800 Oe or more to achieve sufficient magnetic penetration. Head technologies have also evolved over the years. As head gaps become smaller, the size of the magnetic coils used must shrink accordingly. New heads must handle higher write currents and be more sensitive when reading. Head gap sizes are constantly shrinking and because of this, the drive industry is moving toward the thin film and magneto-resistive heads of the future and away from monolithic heads of © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 yesterday. Head flying heights are now just a few millionths of an inch to enable efficient magnetic coupling with miniscule gap widths. have become yesterday's technology, and there's no reason to use them in hard disk drives today. Voice Coil Servo Systems Stepper Motor Servo Systems Stepper motors are rotary actuators that rapidly move in small discrete steps (usually .8 to 4 degrees per step). Stepper motors provide a simple, reliable positioning system that is easy to use and inexpensive to manufacture. The stepper motor shaft is usually connected to a small metal band that converts the rotary shaft motion into a linear or rotary motion ofthe head carriage. Stepper motors are ideal positioners for floppy drives and low capacity hard drives due to their low cost. A low cost stepper motor servo system has two major disadvantages. The mass of the rotor in a stepper motor is generally high. Using stepper motors as actuators in disk drives produces low access times because the heavy rotor must be moved along with the head carriage. Stepper Motor Servo The number of concentric tracks recorded per inch on a disk drive is referred to as the "track density". The second disadvantage in a stepper motor servo system is limitations on track density. High track densities are difficult to achieve with stepper motor servo systems because most stepper motors move only in large discrete steps. The electronics required to "fine tune" the position of a stepper motor servo system are expensive to manufacture. It is easier to adjust the position of a voice coil and keep the heads on track than it is to fine tune a stepper motor. The future of stepper motors remains in low cost open-loop servo systems, like floppy disk drives. They © CSC 1994 It's hard to imagine a mechanism that can move to any position over an inch in less than 11100th of a second and come to a complete stop within 0.0001" of its target. Modem voice coil actuators are capable of doing this over 1,000,000,000 times. The voice coil servo system is the key component in all newer high performance disk drives. A voice coil actuator is simply a coil of copper wire attached to the head carriage. This coil is surrounded by high energy permanent magnets which are attached to the HDA casting. To move the head carriage and "seek" to a track, the control electronics apply a current to the voice coil. The current applied induces a magnetic field in the coil which attracts or repels the stationary permanent magnets. The amount of torque induced to move the head carriage is directly proportional to the amount of current applied to the voice coil. Many drives use an ASIC control chip in the voice coil servo system which contains a DIA converter. The output of the D/A converter usually drives a MOSFET power amplifier which provides the current required by the voice coil. The circuitry which moves the head from track to track is simple compared to the circuitry which decodes the servo information recorded on the drive. In order to control the voice coil, the servo electronics must know precisely where the head is positioned on the drive. The positioning information fed back to the electronics to control the voice coil positioner is called "servo feedback". Several different servo schemes are used to provide position feedback information to the drive electronics and "close" the servo loop. Some large capacity drives use a "dedicated" voice coil servo feedback system. If you see a drive in the drive Voice Coil Servo Hard Drive Bible 13 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 table with an odd number of read/write heads, it probably uses a dedicated servo system. In a dedicated system, the entire surface of one disk is reserved for use by the servo system. Position information is recorded on the reserved (dedicated) disk so that the drive electronics can determine the exact position and velocity of the head carriage. Assuming that the head carriage holds the entire head stack rigidly together, the position ofthe read/write heads will track along with the dedicated servo head. A dedicated servo system offers fast positioning and is simple to design. One of the only disadvantages to this system is that since only one head is used for servo, a dedicated servo system is unable to compensate for thermal warpage of the head stack assembly. A more popular voice coil servo feedback system is called "embedded" servo. An embedded servo system works in a manner similar to the dedicated system except for the physical location of the servo position information. An embedded system interleaves servo and data information by placing servo positioning bursts between the data recorded on the disk. Embedded servo systems have advantages and disadvantages over dedicated servo systems. Advantages of an embedded system include the ability to accurately position each individual head by sensing the position information directly under that head. A dedicated servo system positions all of the heads together. Disadvantages of an embedded servo system are increased servo electronics complexity (which translates to higher cost), and the requirement for seek and settling delays when switching between heads. Many new drives employ a "hybrid" servo system which combines both a dedicated servo for fast, coarse positioning, and an embedded servo to finely position the head on track. Hybrid servo systems offer the best access and positioning of any system, but their cost is also the highest. One disadvantage this system shares with dedicated servo systems is that an entire surface is used for servo. This dedicated surface could have been used to store more data.. Keeping it Clean When a drive is running, Winchester heads "fly" or "float" on a cushion of air. There is virtually no wear on the disk surface when the drive is running and the heads are stationary. Almost all the wear on a drive occurs when the drive is turned off and the heads "land" and touch the disk. 14 Hard Drive Bible Figure 7 - Drive Filter and Latch Components All modern voice coil servo drives use an electronic or mechanical mechanism to move the heads away from the data area of the disk to a "landing zone" when power is removed. Better drives also use a mechanical latch mechanism to park and lock the heads in the landing zone. As the media wears in a drive, microscopic particles flake off from the disk surface. A quality hard drive designed for long life contains a circulating air system which catches these particles in a filter. Most disk drives have filtered vents which permit outside air to enter and exit the HDA. These vents help if a pressure differential develops between the HDA and the ambient air. Some newer drive designs (notably Conner and Maxtor drives) have eliminated the outside air filter. Data Encoding and Decoding Data encoding is the technique used to convert a stream of binary data into a varying current which drives a magnetic head. The varying current which drives the head produces magnetic flux reversals in the head. These flux reversals orient the molecular magnetic dipole moments of the media. The media is thus "magnetized" in a pattern which stores the data. The magnetic head has a maximum frequency limitation which determines how close the magnetic flux reversals can be placed on the disk while still maintaining acceptable reliability. There is also a minimum frequency limitation imposed by the drive electronics. The difference between the minimum and maximum frequency limitations is called the recording bandwidth. One goal in manufacturing disk drives is to provide the highest data recording rate as possible. A higher © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 data recording rate translates to higher capacity per track and higher data transfer speeds. The magnetic recording bandwidth of a drive is limited by several factors including head and media design and positioning accuracy. The goal in designing data encoding and decoding circuitry thus becomes placing the maximum amount of data bits within a fixed recording bandwidth while maintaining acceptable reliability. Disk drive data encoder circuitry removes the need to place clock information on the track by combining the data bits to be recorded with as few clock signals as possible. The decoder circuitry regenerates the clock from the recorded signal and synchronizes the clock to the decoded data. The encoder and decoder circuitry in a drive are usually combined into a chip called and "ENDEC". Encoding and Decoding Codes The following encoding and decoding codes are commonly used in disk drives: NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) This code was originally used in telecommunications and its encoding and decoding are simple to understand. Instead of discrete pulses for each data bit, the signal rises or falls only when a one (1) bit in the incoming data stream is followed by a zero (0) bit or when a zero (0) bit is followed by a one (1) bit. This coding technique has a serious flaw because certain data patterns can be generated which will result in a fixed logic state output (i.e. the output of the encoder will be static, stuck at zero or one). The "worst-case" condition can violate the minimum recording bandwidth of the drive electronics. In practice, this would rarely happen, but it's a serious strike against NRZ coding. This coding technique was used in the earlier floppy drives (including 8" drives). These older drives were called single density "SD" drives. The FM method of encoding is basically equivalent to the PE method. FM coding is no longer widely used in disk drives. MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) With available heads and media, MFM is by far the easiest coding technique to implement MFM encoding is used in all modem floppy drives and many small capacity hard drives. MFM doubles the data capacity of FM encoding (MFM floppy drives are called Double Density). MFM works by eliminating the clock pulses in FM encoding and replacing them with data bits. Clock pulses are still used, but they are written only when a one (1) data bit is not present in both the preceding and the current data cell ( Fig. 8) To decode MFM data, a data separator must generate a clock signal based on several flux transitions. In BIT POSITION 1 NRZ MESSAGE DATA 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CLOCK MFM CODE Figure 8 - MFM Encoding order to maintain a low error rate, the speed of data flowing into the encoder must remain steady, and the decoder must lock onto this stream. In practice, the rotational speed of hard and floppy drives is easily controlled within the tolerances required for reliable MFM recording. PE (Phase Encoded) RLL (Run Length Limited Encoding) This coding is used in credit cards and instrument recorders. It is also simple to understand. The direction of a flux reversal in the middle of each cell indicates whether the encoded bit is either a zero or a one. This effectively shifts the phase of the output signal each time there is an NRZ type transition between zeros and ones. FM (Frequency Modulation) © csc 1994 This encoding scheme was first used in 14" drives from IBM, CDC, and DEC. It is now used in almost all high capacity 3.5" and 5.25" hard drives. Common RLL coding techniques are RLL 1,7 and RLL 2,7. 1,7 and 2,7 refer to the maximum number of consecutive zeros in the code. RLL 2,7 offers a 500/0 improvement in data transfer rate and data recording density as compared with MFM within the same fixed recording bandwidth. Hard Drive Bible 15 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 The easiest way to understand RLL encoding is by examining Figure 9. Bits are encoded by following the tree, starting at the root. When you reach the end of a branch, the stream ofbits at that branch correspond to the encoded data to be written to the drive. RLL encoding has two main disadvantages. The first is that RLL requires significantly more complex encoding and decoding circuitry than MFM. This has Figure 9 - RLL 2,1 Encoding Tree been overcome in part by single ENDEC chips from companies like SSI and National Semiconductor. The second disadvantage with RLL encoding is that a small defect can produce a long stream of data errors. To combat this, drive manufacturers are improving the design of read/write heads and media and lowering the flying height of these heads to improve signal to noise ratios. Longer, improved error correcting codes are also used with RLL encoded drives. Spindle motors are now driven by crystal controlled microprocessors to improve rotational speed accuracy. The quality of the heads, media, and spindle control circuits used to manufacture today's hard disk drives are more than adequate for reliable RLL encoding Future Codes Many other coding and encoding techniques have been developed which offer higher data rates and recording densities than RLL within the same fixed recording bandwidth. All of these codes are more susceptible to timing jitter and large error bursts than RLL coding. At present, nearly all ESDI, SCSI, and IDE drives use RLL coding. We expect that RLL will continue to be the most commonly used coding in magnetic mass storage devices for the next few years. The recent advent ofPRML techniques to improve read channel performance will take some time to implement. 16 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CD-ROM CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory is the future of software distribution. Programs which were once shipped on dozens of floppy disks can now be reproduced inexpensively on a single CD-ROM disk. With over 600 Megabytes of capacity, CD-ROM technology provides a medium for full motion multimedia games, movies, and educational software. This new technology will replace the floppy disk for information distribution in the near future, and may eventually replace some magnetic tape technologies, such as video tape. Well established standards insure media interchange between different CD-ROM drives, platforms, and operating systems. At the time of this writing, the cost of mass producing a CD-ROM in Hong Kong had dropped to around 50 cents per disk. On a per megabyte basis, CD-ROM is the most inexpensive way to distribute data. CD MEDIA CD-ROM disks are built on a transparent polycarbonate plastic substrate. This substrate is coated with a thin aluminum layer. Recordable, write once CD media is identical to mass produced disks, except that the aluminum layer is replaced with gold. CD's store information using microscopic pits in the metal layer which are detected by a minute laser beam. Each pit is approximately 5 by 3 micrometers in size, and there are over a billion pits per disk. Since these pits are much smaller than dust particles, CD's must be manufactured in a clean room environment. To provide an immunity from smaller dust particles and unavoidable scratches, the optical recording layer is placed away from the surface of the plastic disk. To mass produce CD-RaM's. CD masters are first made using a photo lithography process. These masters are then used to press thousands of disks. Smaller quantities of disks can also be produced on a desktop using a CD-R drive. A CD-R drive uses write-once media and is similar in operation to a WORM drive. CD-ROM DRIVE OPERATION Unlike hard disk drives, CD-RaM's are not seg© CSC 1994 mented into multiple tracks of data. Technically, a CDROM disk has only one track! The CD-ROM uses a single track of data over three miles long which is wound 50,000 times in a spiral, similar to an LP record. On a CD, data is recorded from the inside of the spiral outwards. A single speed CD-ROM drive spins the disk at varying speeds, starting at 550RPM and working down to about 220RPM. It takes about 75 minutes to read the entire disk at this "single" speed. Datais encoded using an "EFM" modulation scheme which isn't the ideal way to pack data on an optical disk, but it was chosen to keep the complexity and cost of the drives down. As the disk spins, a tiny low power laser is focused through a lens onto the surface ofthe disk. The reflected light from this laser is detected using a photo diode, and the EFM encoded data is detected and sent to the drive electronics. Because a scratch or dust particle can cover thousands of bits of data, a special error correcting system called CIRC (for Cross Interleaved Reed Soloman Code) is used to correct any errors detected by the drive electronics. Two closed loop servo systems are used in CDROM drives. The first system moves the small focusing lens located above the laser to focus it on the disk. The second system moves the entire laser, lens, and photo diode assembly to place it correctly on the spiral. CD ROM STANDARDS ISO 9660 ISO-9660 is the current International Standards Organization technical specification which defines the physical format of CD-ROM data. The major contributors to this specification were DEC, Phillips and Sony. This specification evolved from the "High Sierra" format, and is now used in almost all mass produced CDROM disks to insure compatibility in the wide range of available drives and systems. The ISO 9660 specification defines file and directory formats, interchange levels, and recording formats. A copy of the ISO 9660 specification can be ordered from ANSI by calling (212) 642-4900. MODE1 Two "modes" or formats are used to record data on Hard Drive Bible 17 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CD-ROM disks. Mode 1 uses more error correction and is the most popular format used today. Each sector recorded in Mode 1 is 2048 bytes, with an additional 280 bytes of error correction data stored at the end of the sector. This error correcting code is in addition to the CIRC codes mentioned above. By adding multiple layers of error correction, MODE 1 significantly increases the reliability of the CD media. MODE 2 The Mode 2 format is identical to Mode 1, but the error correcting codes are removed. Removing the ECC's yields about 15% more data storage area on the CD by increasing the sector size to 2,336 bytes. Mode 2 disks are also more susceptible to errors. A new Mode 2 disk will typically have three or four errors when played in an average drive. In most audio applications, the Mode 2 format is fine, since the human ear is usually unable to detect these errors. Mode 2 is also often used with graphic files and imaging applications. CD-ROM XA The XA format was developed by Microsoft, Sony and Phillips. The XA format has two modes, called FORM 1 and FORM 2. XA FORM 1 is almost identical to MODE 1 format. XA FORM 2 is a new format used for recording compressed audio, video, or graphics. XA FORM 2 is designed so that errors will cause only minute clicks in sound or a tiny dot (pixel) change in a photograph. CD-I MPEG is a data compression technique developed by the Motion Pictures Experts Oroup. CD-I uses MPEG to compress full motion video down to CD-ROM compatible data rates. With CD-I, a complete 74 minutes of video can be recorded on a CD. CD-I players may someday compete with video recorders, since the CD media is less expensive and easier to produce than video tape. At the time of this writing, Phillips was the only manufacturer commercially mass producing a CD-I player for home use. Experts estimate that the cost of a CD-I player will soon be lower than the cost of an equivalent video cassette player. When this happens, CD-I will challenge video tape for commercial distribution of movies. PHOTO CD Photo CD is a standardized recording system developed by Kodak for storing high resolution images on CORaM disks. Photo CD "service bureaus" are now available across the country. These service bureaus will take your 35mm or professional format film, scan it, and 18 Hard Drive Bible translate it into images on CD. Each image is scanned at high resolution, color corrected, and stored in a proprietary compressed format called YCC, then placed on CD-R disks. The recorded images can be reconstructed in several image resolutions, ranging from 128x192 pixels to 2048 by 3072 pixels in 24 bit color. For fast access, three image formats are stored in uncompressed formats at resolutions up to 512x768 pixels. Kodak's photo CD software converts their 24 bit YCC chroma and luminance data into a 3 by 8 bit RGB format usable in your machine. To save costs, you can use your photo CD disk more than once. If your disk isn't completely full, you may return it to Kodak for additional "multisession" images. The term "multisession" refers to more than one photo CD recordings on a single disk. To use a multisession disk, you will need a CD-ROM drive with multisession compatible firmware. QUICK TIME Apple Computer developed Quick Time as a multi platform multimedia format standard. Quick time uses a program called the Movie Manager to combine sound, animation, and video from compressed files. Quick Time movies are low resolution (160x 120) , but their low data rate is ideal for CD-ROM storage. Quick Time offers a choice of software and hardware compression through a program called Image Compression Manager. CHOOSING A CD-ROM DRIVE Insist on the following before purchasing a CDROM drive: • You must have full MPC compliance. • You must have full XA compliance. • You must have MODE-l and MODE-2 compat ibility. • You may want Multisession Photo CD compat ibility. • You may want double, triple, 4X or 6X spin speeds. • You may want sub 200ms access times. • You may want a SCSI interface. • You may want a "caddyless" drive mechanism. Here's why: You need MPC, XA, MODE 1, and MODE 2 to play the wide range of available CD-ROM disks. You need Multisession if you plan to use Kodak Photo CD's. You'll want double spin or faster if you are running multimedia games. A faster access time will help if you're transferring a volume of small files from CD-ROM. A SCSI interface is essential for your Mac, and gives more upgradability for your PC. A "caddyless" © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 drive saves you money, by storing disks in jewel cases instead of caddies. THE MPC STANDARD A committee ofmanufacturers including Microsoft, Intel, and others has developed two standards called MPC levelland MPC level 2. These standards the minimum hardware required to run multimedia programs. These standards are significantly less than we recommend below. MPC level 1 standard requires: • A CD-ROM with access time less than 1000ms. • A 386SX CPU with 2MB RAM. • VGA, 1.33MB Floppy, and an 8 or 16 bit sound card. MPC level 2 requires: • A 486SX CPU with 20MHz or better clock speed. As you can see, almost any modern PC or CD ROM drive exceeds the MPC level 2 compliance recommendations. So when a drive is touted as "Fully MPC Compliant!", they really aren't saying much. BUILDING AREAL MULTIMEDIA PC To build a multimedia PC, or to upgrade your existing PC, you'll need the following: • A fast 486 or Pentium processor. • A VESA or PCI video card. • A Sound Blaster 2.0 compatible sound board. • A double spin or faster CD drive (SCSI is pre ferred) • A large hard disk if you plan to manipulate images. Stay within your budget, but the faster the processor the better. If you're manipulating images in a program like Adobe PhotoShop, you may need 16MB or more memory. Full resolution Kodak Photo CD images are 4.5MB each! A VESA or PCI 32 bit video board with a Windows accelerator is recommended. A double spin or faster CD-ROM will help give you smooth video motion. Most multimedia programs require a Sound Blaster 2.0 compatible sound card. CD-R and CD-WO CD-R is the new desktop technology which enables you to write a CD-ROM disk. A CD-R drive plugs right into your PC, Mac, or SparcStation, and allows you to bum your own CD's. © CSC 1994 CD-R drives use the gold media described above and a high power laser to bum pits into the metallic layer and write disks. These disks are available in all formats and lengths, up to 74 minutes. The blank disks are inexpensive (around $20 in volume). Of course, these disks can be written only once. Depending on the mastering software you use, you may be able to create disks one track at a time, or you may need to create a complete mastered image on your hard disk (650MB or more of space is required) and then copy this image to the CD-R disk. CD-R writers are available in speeds up to 6X, and they are surprisingly affordable. CD-R drives are available from CSC and other suppliers. MASTERING YOUR OWN CD-ROM Yes! The technology is here today to master your own CD-ROM. At the time of this printing, publishing about 100 disks cost less than $1000. To master your own CD, first read about the available formats. You will need to understand them and organize your data to be compatible with them. Next, shop for CD mastering software. This software is available in all costs and qualities, from free public domain programs to professional programs costing several thousands of dollars. Using this CD mastering software, you can organize your data in the correct file and directory formats required for CD-ROM. Once your data is ready for mastering, you will need to make a "One Off' to test your programs. A "One Off' is made using a CD-R machine as described above. If you plan to mass produce your disk, it would be better to have the same company which will mass produce your disk manufacture the "one off'. Your data may be transported to this manufacturing company on Erasable Optical disks, OAT, on 8MM tape, or by actually shipping them a hard drive (not recommended). The following companies are excellent CD-ROM manufacturers: 3M Optical Recording Department 3M Center Building 223 81. Paul, MN 55144-1000 (612) 733-2142 Disk Manufacturing, Inc. 1409 Foulk Road, Suite 202 Wilmington, DE 19803 (416) 298-8190 Hard Drive Bible 19 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Sony Electronic Publishing Company Recorded Media Division 1800 N. Fruitridge Ave. Terra Haute, IN 47804 (812) 462-8100 US Optical Disk, Inc. Eagle Drive Sanford, NE 04073 (207) 324-1124 INn'ALLATION CAUTION! .............................. ~ CD HANDLING HAZARDS Contrary to popular opinion, CD disks are not as rugged as they look. While small scratches on the data side of the disk may not damage data, you can destroy a disk completely by bending it, writing on the top of the disk with a ball point pen, or deeply scratching either side of the disk. Some data errors can be caused by dust, dirt, or greasy material on the surface of the disk. A spray bottle of lens cleaner and a soft lint free rag can be used to correct this. Treat your CD's with care and they will last a lifetime. Consider buying a caddy for each of your disks, or at bare minimum, store your disks in plastic jewel boxes. CD drives are also susceptible to contamination with microscopic dust particles. When installing an internal drive, choose the location furthest away from the fan in your computer to prevent the flow of dust into the drive. 20 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 PRML Technology PRML Technology PRML is an acronym for Partial Response Maximum Likelyhood. PRML is a new solution to an old problem. Since disk drives were first designed, there has been a push to pack the largest amount of data possible into the smallest possible disk area. To understand PRML, let's first take a look at the problem PRML is designed to overcome. As data is packed closer and closer on the magnetic media, the recorded bits tend to blur together. The blurring is mainly caused by "bit shift" and by the unavoidable introduction of noise in the read channel. PRML read channels differ from conventional analog read channels in the way they detect and separate recorded data. Analog read channels typically look at the position of the recorded peaks and use only the peak position information to recover the recorded data. PRML channels digitize the height of each peak and compare it to an average peak value. Once the PRML read channel has extablished a values for the size and shape of the peak, it adds this information to the values of peaks which are read subsequently. The PRML circuit looks at the combination of the bit read and the subsequent bits, and then decides which interpretation ofbits will produce the least amount oferrors. If a weak or slightly shifted bit is detected, the PRML read channel can determine what the weak bit should have been by analyzing it in combination with its neighboring bits. The net effect is that bits can be placed closer together on the magnetic recording media. This means increased disk capacities without significantly increased costs. So how soon will PRML technology actually affect the performance of available hard drives? Sooner than you might expect. Mid range drives will be the first to take advantage of the new technology. Cirrus Logic and VTC are currently shipping silicon which fully implements PRML. IBM and others have parts in the design phase. The current bottleneck seems to be data rate. Analog read channels are still much faster than their available PRML counterparts. When this gap closes, © CSC 1994 expect PRML to add 30% to 50% more to existing disk drive capacities! PRML SIMPLIFIED RECOVERED DATA BITS ARE ANALYZED IN GROUPS PRML CORRECTED DATA o 0 PRML DECISION MAKER riF IF ? BIT wAsl ? BIT WAS ONE II 5 ERRORS ZERO NO ERRORS PRML CORRECTS WEAK BITS AND IIBITSHIFr' OCCUR OCCUR REPAIRED BIT I PRML Encoding Hard Drive Bible 21 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 22 Hard Drive Bible © esc ,1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Enhanced IDE The Enhanced IDE standard proposed by Western Digital provides a solution to IDE's three biggest problems: capacity, performance, and expandability. The original IDE drives developed by Conner and Compaq were designed to be compatible with IBM's early MFM controller card used in the original IBM AT's. When this "register level" compatibility was copied, some limitations went along with it. The existing IDE interface has a total drive capacity limitation of 528MB. This constraint comes from the original IBM MFM controller design which supported a maximum of 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track. The original MFM controller used 10 bits to address the cylinder count, 4 bits to select the head, and 6 bits to select the sector number (which started with #1). This means that all existing PC applications which write directly to the IBM compatible disk controller registers have a total of 20 bits available to control the logical Since a sector block address of an IDE disk drive. number of zero is disallowed in the IDE interface, a total of 1,032,192 blocks can be addressed. With a standard block size of 512 bytes per sector, IDE is limited to a 528MB maximum capacity. IDE LIMITATIONS Heads - 16 Maximum (Numbered 0 through 15) Sectors - 63 Maximum (Numbered 1 through 63) Cylinders - 1024 Maximum (Numbered 0 through 1023) Total Blocks - 1,032,192 Maximum Capacity - 528MB with 512 byte sectors To bypass this limitation, the proposed Enhanced IDE standard uses a 28 bit logical block address which can address a total of26,8435,456 blocks. This provides a maximum drive capacity of over 13 Gigabytes, which is enough for the near future. A standard IBM compatible BIOS has it's own capacity limitations. BIOS is limited © CSC 1994 to 1024 cylinders, 256 heads, and 255 sectors per track. This results in a BIOS maximum capacity of 8.4GB. BIOS LIMITATIONS Heads - 256 Maximum (Numbered ° through 255) Sectors - 63 Maximum (Numbered 1 through 63) Cylinders - 1024 Maximum (Numbered through 1023) ° Total Blocks - 16,515,072 Maximum Capacity - 8,4GB with 512 byte sectors Without a device driver, the maximum capacity of the proposed enhanced IDE standard is 8.4GB. This is not currently an issue for hard disks, but for larger capacity drives, like helical scan tape backup units, it would be a limitation if other workarounds were not provided. One way to bypass this may be to switch to a larger block size for these larger devices, such as the 2048 byte per sector block size used in CD-ROM drives another is through the ATAPI system described below. The original IDE standard is also limited in terms of performance. This is mainly due to the speed of 16 bit programmed 110 (PIO) data transfers. SCSI host adapters can transfer data faster than IDE by using bus mastering processes programmed memory moves, or Direct Memory Access. IDE drives must wait for the CPU to move data, two bytes at a time. An instruction execution and an 110 cycle are required as each pair of bytes to be moved from the IDE registers into main memory. This PIO process is significantly slower than other methods. When the original MFM drives were introduced, these slower data rates were adequate, but with higher performance drives they are a serious bottleneck. To increase performance, Enhanced IDE offers the option of using faster DMA transfers. To maintain compatibility, the enhanced IDE drive starts out in PIO mode, and switches to DMA mode only after a software driver is loaded. This software driver is specific to the Hard Drive Bible 23 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 operating system being used, Le. OS/2, DOS, or Windows NTTM. The original IDE interface supports a maximum of two drives. Removable drives, Optical drives, Tape Drives, and CD-ROM drives were not provided for in the original IBM AT. Western Digital's proposed solution to this in Enhanced IDE is called ATAPI. ATAPI stands for ATA Packet Interface, and it's design is suspiciously similar to SCSI. In fact, ATAPI appears to have been copied from SCSI so that existing manufacturers ofSCSI drives could easily convert their drives to run on Enhanced IDE systems. ATAPI provides support for tape, optical, and CD-ROM drives through a packet messaging system. At the time of this printing, Enhanced IDE drives were being produced only by Western Digital. ATAPI drives were announced, but not yet available. Enhanced IDE is really a great ides for breathing new life into a tired interface. We can only hope that the Enhanced IDE will catch on, removing the limitations of the original IDE interface. 24 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Controller Setup .. Jumpering In PC applications,controller jumpering is often the first step in installing a new drive and controller. To correctlyjumper the controller, you will need the controller board manual, as well as documentation on the other boards installed in the system. Settings for some controllers are provided in the Controller Information section of this manual. You may need to jumper the controller board for one or more of the following settings: but most IBM compatibles have room for a 16K or 32K BIOS starting at C800H or DOOOH. ISA Bus Base 110 Address Most controller cards do not use third party DMA. Exceptions to this are some high performance SCSI and ESDI controllers. You may share a DMA channel with another device only in the rare case that your software and hardware support it. Make sure to set both DREQ and DACKjumpers identically. The base 110 address of your controller can normally be left at the factory default setting unless you are installing two controller boards in the same system. If you are installing two boards, the first board must be set at the primary 110 address, and the second board can use any available I/O address. Be sure to check for conflicts with network boards, tape drive controllers, and video boards before selecting your secondary address. If you are installing an IDE disk drive, the primary port address used are IFO-IF7H and 3F6-3F7H. At the time ofthis printing, MS-DOS 6.2 did not support the use of more than one IDE controller at an alternate (secondary) address. IBM's OS/2 Version 2, however, does support a secondary IDE controller. If you are designing an I/O mapped controller card which must coexist with an IDE or similar board, I recommend using a base address of 180H or 320H. These areas are almost never used by other peripherals. ISA Bus Base BIOS Address If your controller card has a ROM BIOS, you will need to select a starting address. When selecting a starting BIOS address, add the starting address ofthe card and the length of the required I/O space. Make sure that the address you select will not cause a ROM address conflict with any other boards (particularly VGA and network boards). Ifyou are unsure ofthe length ofthe BIOS ROM on the controller, use DEBUG to dump the third byte of the ROM. This corresponds to the length of the BIOS in 512 byte blocks. Every system configuration is different, © esc 1994 Note: Not all motherboard BIOS ROMs will support controller card BIOS addresses over EOOOH. If you experience problems, try choosing a BIOS address between AOOOH and DFFFH. ISA Bus DMA Channel ISA Bus Controller Interrupt Most controller boards do not use interrupts in DOS applications, but a hardware interrupt is required for all Novell and most UNIX applications. Select any available interrupt, but be sure to define it correctly when running NETGEN. Interrupts 14 and 15 are generally available on most PC's. IRQ 14 is normally used by the primary IDE controller. Lower interrupt numbers have higher CPU priority. Floppy Address A secondary floppy address must be selected for two floppy controllers to peacefully coexist in the same system. OS/2 users will find support for two floppy controllers built into the operating system. If you are running DOS, you will not be able to use the second floppy controller without a device driver installed in your CONFIG.SYS file. If your floppy controller is compatible with the original IBM-XT architecture (copied in all clones from 8088's to P5's), you can use DOS DRIVER.SYS to control your extended floppies. DOS DRIVER.SYS parameters are listed below. Enter all necessary parameters on the DEVICE = DRIVER.SYS line in your CONFIG.SYS file. For exHard Drive Bible 25 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 ample, ifyou have one hard disk installed and wish to use a 1.44MB floppy as your third (Le. D:) drive, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS: DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS IF:7 IC SYSCLOCK 1/0 Channel N ReadlWrite Wait States Over a MHz 1 wait state 2 wait states a MHz or less o wait states 1 to 2 wait states 16-Bit Bus Wait States The following switches are supported by MS DOS 5.0: /T:x x = number of tracks IC indicates that disk change is supported by the drive IF:x x = drive form factor code 0= 360K 2 = 720K 1 = 1.2MB 7 = 1.44MB 9 = 2.88 MB lH:x IS:x x = number of heads x = number of sectors per track Table A - Recommended C&T, OPTI and ETa Wait States Once your controller is jumpered correctly, proceed to CMOS setup and then low-level format. See the following section that corresponds to your drive type for set-up and low-level formatting instructions. Note: SYSCLOCK is the CPU clock frequency of your motherboard. Use extended setup to choose between SYSCLOCK, SYSCLOCK, or SYSCLOCK More detailed information on CONFIG.SYS can be found in your DOS manual. Controller cards with well written BIOS codes (like the CSC FastCache™ series) will operate extended floppy drives without software drivers. If you have one of these cards, modifications to your CONFIG.SYS will not be needed in most cases. 2.88MB drives are now supported as primary (boot) drives by most new motherboard BIOS ROM's, including AMI, and M.R. BIOS. ATip for ISA Motherboards With IIExtended Chipset" Setup 3 4 5,6,etc. to adjust your bus clock frequency. For example, a system clock of 50MHz and an extended setting of: SYSCLOCK 5 will provide a bus clock speed of 50 5 = 10 MHz. If you are using a motherboard based on the Chips & Technology 3 chip LSI chips, the newer OPTI chips or other programmable chipset, congratulations! The speed of your RAM and I/O channel can be altered to increase overall system performance by "fine tuning" your motherboard. You can select I/O clock speed and wait states by running the extended setup program that came with your motherboard and using the information in Table A. Be careful when setting I/O channel wait states on these motherboards. It is easy to outrun many controller boards by selecting SYSCLOCKJ2 without wait states. 26 Hard Drive Bible Most Floppy Controllers will work at bus speeds up to about 10MHz. Many Hard Drive Controllers may not operate reliably much over 10 MHz. These estimates include 2 wait states. Note that I/O operations on the PC bus have one extra wait state when compared to memory operations. This is why memory mapped cards generally transfer data faster than I/O mapped cards. Your C&T or OPTI motherboard extended setup may also permit disabling the ISA bus REFRESH line. REFRESH is a signal necessary for proper operation if © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 your system contains any expansion cards that use dynamic memory. Cards which require this signal include: EMS cards, laser printer direct video boards, caching controller cards, and several other peripherals. Disabling this line will improve bus throughput by between 1% and 3%. Go ahead and disable it if you need this small performance increase, but be warned of compatibility problems down the road. © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 27 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 28 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Drive Setup and Jumpering TygicallDE Drive Installation CSC's technical support department is constantly asked: "What drive parameters should I use to install my IDE drive?" All modem IDE drives use what is called "automatic translation". This translation helps the drive to match itself to the parameters you choose. For example, a 80-megabyte drive might have 6 heads, 17 sectors per track, and 1230 cylinders. This same drive could be installed using a CMOS configuration of 12 heads, 17 sectors per track and 615 cylinders. Doubling the number ofheads and halving the number ofcylinders has no effect on the formatted capacity of the drive. The drive automatically translates the "logical parameter" of cylinder 0 head 6, sector 17 into the "physical" parameter ofcylinder 1, head 3, sector 17. In fact, for DOS to access the full capacity of a drive, it should be set-up with a configuration of 1024 cylinders or less. The system BIOS informs the imbedded drive controller of the CMOS settings on power up, and the drive then mimics this logical configuration. This means you can choose any parameters for an IDE drive as long as the CMOS settings do not exceed the physical capacity of the drive. There are also a few other practical limitations to the logical parameters you choose. For reasons described in the next few chapters, the maximum number of cylinders you should use is 1024. The maximum number of sectors per track is limited to 63, and the number of heads should not exceed 64. To select drive parameters for any IDE drive in the drive list, simply choose a CMOS type with a formatted capacity less than or equal to the drive you are using. If you are using a system with a "user definable" drive type, en!er the physical parameters of the drive from the drive list. If the physical parameters exceed 1024 cylinders, double the number of heads and halve the number of cylinders. HOT TIP Some newer system board BIOS ROM's have ID Scan programs built in! Selecting the correct CMOS configuration parameters may be as easy as running the "automatic configuration" utility in your ROM BIOS setup program! Once you CMOS is set correctly, proceed to the DOS partitioning and high-level format instructions in the following chapters. If you are using the drive for Novell, a Compsurf may be necessary. Low-level formatting is not required or recommended for any IDE drive. IDE Drive Jumgering Most IDE drives have one or more of the following jumpers: HOST SLV/ACT, CID, DSP, and ACT. HSP, whenjumpered, grounds the HOST/SLAVEl ACTIVE signal on the IDE interface. This signals the system that a slave drive is present in a two drive system. You need to add this jumper only if you have two IDE drives installed. CID is also sometimes labeled DS and is the drive select jumper. This jumper is set on the master (i.e. C:) drive and removed on the slave (i.e. D:) drive. DSP should only be jumpered on the first drive (i.e. C:) if two IDE drives are installed in the same system. This jumper tells the master (i.e. C:) drive that there is another drive present on the IDE cable. The ACT jumper connects the -ACTIVE signal to the -HOST SLV/ACT signal on the interface. This signal is used to drive an external LED which indicates drive activity. If the hard drive activity LED doesn't work on your system, chances are you need to add an ACT jumper. If you have a copy of CSC's IDSCAN software, ignore the drive tables and just boot from floppy. Run IDSCAN and we'll take care of setting CMOS for you. © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 29 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 DSO or DS1 Confusion Drive selectjumpers are often a source ofconfusion and frustration. It seems that some manufacturers label their four drive-selectjumpers DSO, DS 1, DS2, and DS3. Others label them DS 1, DS2, DS3, and DS4. We will use the more common convention DSO, DS 1, DS2, and DS3 throughout this manual. MFM, Rll, and ESDI Drive Jumpering If you are installing a single MFM, RLL, or ESDI drive in your system, choose DSO if your jumpers start If your drives have select pins numbered: DSO to DS3 DS1 to DS4 with DSO or choose DS 1 if your jumpers start with DS 1. These are actually the same jumpers, just numbered differently by the drive manufacturer. What you need in a single drive MFM/RLL installation is the fITst available drive-select jumper. If you are installing a second MFM or RLL drive in your system with a twisted cable, choose DS 1 if your jumpers start with DSO or choose DS2 if your jumpers start with DS 1. What you really want in this case is the second drive select jumper. Always connect drive C: to the last connector (after the twist). Connect D: to the middle connector (before the twist). And you are installing: 1 Drive with a flat cable 2 Drives with a twisted cable 2 Drives with a flat cable Set C: to DSO Set C: to DS1 Set D: to DS1 Set C: to DSO Set D: to DS1 Set C: to DS1 Set C: to DS2 Set D: to DS2 Set C: to DS1 Set D: to DS2 Table B - MFM, RLL, and ESDI Drive Jumpering SCSI Drive Jumpering SCSI drive jumpering is an altogether different story. SCSI drives usually use three jumpers for addressing. The eight possible on/off configurations of these jumpers represent eight SCSI addresses. Normally these jumpers follow a straight-forward binary sequence with the lowest numbered jumper being the LSB. Check your drive manual or the Connector Pinout section to be sure before jumpering your SCSI drive. SCSI drives usually have a jumper which selects the source of terminator power. This jumper is important if your controller or system does not supply terminator power. In this case, you will need to jumper the .drive so that terminator power is supplied from the drive. Many SCSI drives also have a jumper for power up spin. This jumper is changed to permit the system to control spin-up of the drive. Many Seagate and Maxtor drives also have jumpers which permit spin up delays based on the SCSI ID jumper. Since each drive has a different SCSI ID, this means that.each drive will spin up at a different time. This option is provided because the power requirements are much higher during spin-up than it is when the drive is running. Many disk arrays and large systems with multiple drives are set up to take advantage of this option. Longer power supply life is the result. 30 Hard Drive Bible If you have an Adaptec™ controller, you will need to set your boot drive to ID O. Your second drive should be set to ID 1. If you want to use more than two drives under DOS, you will need to load ASPI4DOS.SYS and ASPIDISK in your CONFIG.SYS file. ASPIDISK will also be necessary if you are running any protected mode software. The driver installation process with these cards can become quite involved. If you are using a CSC FastCache™, you will need to run FCSETUP when you first install your hard drive. or when you make any changes to your SCSI hardware configuration. Once you have run the setup program, NO DRIVERS will be necessary for running up to 7 SCSI hard drives under DOS. Erasable optical drives can also be ron without drivers. No changes toyourCONFIG.SYS are necessary, and you can set the card to boot from any ID. Also, no drivers are needed for protected mode programs (like Windows™ in 386 Enhanced Mode). Just add an exclude statement to your memory manager so that the memory range of the FastCache is left unchanged. Nice, huh? Most other SCSI controllers such as the CSC AK47™ VESA SCSI-II board will scan the SCSI bus each time the system is powered up, adding support for the extended drives at that time. © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Drive Cabling IDE Drive Cabling Single Drives (MFM. RLL or ESDI) Cables IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) interface disk drives use a 40-pin interface cable. This cable connects the drive logic (with imbedded controller) to a bus adapter card. This adapter is usually called a "paddle board". The paddle board buffers (amplifies) the signals from the drive and provides enough power to drive the PC bus. Cabling an IDE drive is simple. Connect a 40-pin flat cable from the drive to the controller, being careful to observe pin 1orientation. Ifthe drive supports it, a second IDE drive can usually be connected to the same cable. To do so, jumper the boot drive in "master" mode, and jumper the second drive as a "slave" as described in the Drive Setup & Jumpering section. Since the IDE interface transfers data and control signals at full bus speed, IDE cable lengths are critical. As a rule of thumb, try to avoid using a cable longer than 18" in any IDE drive installation. Cabling a single drive MFM, RLL, or ESDI system is easy. Use a standard 20-pin flat data cable and a 34-pin control cable with no twist. A word of caution: watch out· for pin one. Pin one is identified by a red stripe on one side of the cable. This side of the cable must be connected closest to pin one of both the drive and controller. Check the controller card for a small number 1 or a square dot on the silk screen near one edge of the connector. Pin 1 on the drive is nearest a notch in the edge connector. Reversing the data cable can cause damage to the drive, controller, or both. The differential line drivers on the drive and controller are easily damaged by reversed cables. If you are not sure which is pin 1, check the manual, don't try to guess! What Are These Twisted Cables? Why do many drive installations use twisted cables? Simply because IBM used them in the first PC's. In an effort to simplify installation, IBM decided to jumper all of their hard and floppy drives on the second drive select. This eliminated the need for technicians to jumper the drives. The first floppy drive (A:) was connected to the end of the cable (after the twist). The second floppy drive (B:) was connected before the twist. The twist in the cable simply flipped the first and second drive select lines so that all drives could be jumpered identically. The floppy and hard drive cables in a standard AT look suspiciously similar. Be careful not to interchange them. A significant number of installation problems are a result of interchanged hard and floppy cables. Each cable has a different twist, and they are often not marked. If you are using twisted cables, make sure the floppy drive cable has seven conductors twisted. A twisted cable used with MFM or RLL hard drives must have only five conductors in the twist. See the cable chart at the end of this section. © CSC 1994 Multi Drive MFM and RLL Cabling Three cables are required when installing two MFM or RLL drives using one controller. Two flat 20-pin data cables and one twisted 34-pin cable will be necessary. The 34-pin control cable should have only the drive select and ground pins twisted (5 conductors twisted). Set both drives to the second drive select position (This position is marked DS 1 or DS2 as described in the Drive Setup & Jumpering section). Terminate the control cable on the last drive only. Termination In MFM, RLL, and ESDI installations, terminating resistors for the control signals should be installed only in the drive located at the physical end of the control cable. Terminating resistors should be installed at the end of every data cable in these installations. Since most drives come from the factory with terminators installed, you will need to remove terminators in a dual drive installation. See the SCSI installation section for more information on SCSI termination. Hard Drive Bible 31 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Multi Drive ESDI Cabling SCSI Drive Cabling Three cables are required when installing two ESDI drives using one controller. Two flat 20-pin data cables and one flat 34-pin cable with two drive connectors are necessary. Set the first ESDI drive jumpers to drive select O. Set the second drive to drive select 1. Terminate the control cable on the last drive only. A flat cable is required for applications with more than two ESDI drives. If only two drives will be installed. ESDI drives may also be cabled with a twisted 34-pin cable in a manner identical to MFM cabling. Although most ESDI controllers support only two drives, the ESDI interface provides the ability to daisychain up to 8 drives. If you are installing more than two ESDI drives, use a flat 34-pin cable and set the select jumpers sequentially. A separate 20-pin data cable is required for each drive. Internal SCSI drives are connected to the controller with a 50-pin ribbon cable. Be extremely careful to observe the pin 1 location when connecting cables to SCSI drives. Reversing SCSI cables on drives often causes a loss of termination power which can result in marginal data transfer or no transfer at all. Some external SCSI drives are connected to the controller with a 25-pin D-type connector, others use a 50-pin Amphenol connector. The SCSI bus must have a total of 2 terminatorsno more and no less. If you are using the controller with one internal hard disk, for example, termination will be installed on the internal hard drive and on the controller card. If you are installing one internal and one external drive, the terminators must be removed from the controller card and installed on the internal and external drives. Check the manual included with your SCSI drives and controller board for terminator installation and removal. Pin 1 Red Stripe c: Drive Pin 1 20-Pin Data Cable. 1 used for each MFM, RLL or ESDI Hard Drive. Pin 1 Red Stripe Pin 1 34-Pin Control Cable. Used for single drive MFM, RLL or ESDI systems. C: Drive Pin 1 Red Stripe Pin 1 Pin 1 Dual Drive straight 34-Pin Control Cable. Used for MFM, RLL, or ESDI drives. Note: When using this cable with 2 drives, one must be set to Drive Select 0 and the other for Drive Select 1 (see Table B in previous chapter). Figure 10a - Drive Cables 32 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Pin 1 Red Stripe Pin 1 Pin 1 Drive D Drive C Dual Hard Drive twisted (5 wires) 34-Pin Control Cable. Used for MFM, RLL, and ESDI drives. Note: When using this cable with 2 drives, both drives must be set to Drive Select 1 Pin 1 Red Stripe Pin 1 Pin 1 Drive B Drive A Dual Floppy Drive twisted (7 wires) 34-Pin Cable. Used for one or two Floppy Drives Note: Bothfloppy drives should be set to Drive Select 1. Pin 1 Drive C Red Stripe Pin 1 Pin 1 Drive D 40-Pin IDE cable for one or two hard drives Figure fOb - Drive Cables (continued) © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 33 Corporate Systems Center (40B) 734-3475 SCSI CABLE IDENTIFICATION MAC Style DB-25 to Centronics Cable Wide SCSI Cable and Mating Connector Correct Enclosure Cabling for External Drives SCSI-II Amp Style to Centronics Cable PS/2 to Centronics SCSI Cable Centronics to Centronics SCSI Cable 34 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Low-Level Formatting Unlike floppy disks which are low-level formatted at the same time as they are high-level formatted, all hard disks are low-level formatted separately because of the differences in the various types and styles of controller cards, the encoding format and the interleave that can be used with a hard drive. If you decide to use a different controller card, or to use a different interleave on the hard disk, it will have to be low-level formatted again. Once the low-level format is completed properly, it will not have to be done again unless the controller card is replaced, the interleave is changed, or there is a hard disk failure. Low-level formatting destroys all the data written on the hard disk. Be sure to back-up all data before a hard disk is low-level or highlevel formatted. What is DEBUG? DEBUG is a program provided on the DOS disks (DEBUG.COM) that is primarily used by programmers,service technicians or computer hacker nerds. The operation of DEBUG is described in detail in the DOS manual. In order to use DEBUG for low-level formatting, only two commands are generally necessary, the G (GO) command, and the Q (QUIT) command. In the following paragraphs, commands such as G=C800:5 will be used to start the ROM based low-level formatting program stored on the hard drive controller. To start the program, insert a disk containing the DEBUG.COM program into the floppy drive and type DEBUG at the DOS prompt. When the DEBUG prompt (-) is displayed type G= followed by the starting address of the ROM based program (G=C800:5) for example. This means go to ROM address C800:5 and run the program contained in the ROM. After the program is finished, it will usually return you to the DOS prompt (». If the program returns you to the DEBUG prompt (-) type Q to quit DEBUG and return to the DOS prompt. What is CSCFMT? CSCFMT is a low-level format utility supplied on the enclosed diskette. CSCFMT works with all MFM and © CSC 1994 most RLL, ESDI, and IDE drives. Low-level formatting is the only way of changing the interleave of a hard drive. CSCFMT is useful if you are installing a hard drive for the first time, or if you need to change the interleave of an installed drive to optimize its performance. For most common DOS installations, CSCFMT is the only program you'll need in addition to DOS FDISK and FORMAT. Warning: As with any low-level format,CSCFMT will destroy all existing data. Don't use CSCFMT unless you have a verified backup of all data. To low-level format, just type CSCFMT at the DOS prompt. CSCFMT will ask for the interleave you wish to use. Check the interleave information section for the optimum value for your system configuration. Choosing a Drive Type Early IBM ATs only provided 14 (MFM) or so drive types to choose from in the CMOS. The Middleaged AT's usually have up to 46 (based on the original MFM) types. If you are installing an IDE drive and you find a CMOS drive with a matching total drive capacity, go ahead and use it. Most new machines have a "User Definable" or "Custom" drive type that can be created and saved in the CMOS, thus providing a standard drive type. "User Definable" drive types are used in most IDE drive installations. IDE Drive Types This idea of translation schemes bring us to the AT or IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) interface. These drives are intelligent in that they will "mimic" other drive geometries that equal or are very close to the same number oflogical blocks. If a "custom" drive type option is not available for an AT drive, simply pick one from the Hard Drive Bible 35 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 list of available choices that has the same number of total megabytes. NOTE: Translated LBA's are always less than or equal to Native LBA's. WARNING! All IDE drives are already low-level formatted at the factory. Low-level formatting an IDE drive could erase the factory recorded defect tables. Defects on these drives are usually mapped out using a factory bum-in process, not through the interface. ler BIOS after power-up. A special note on ESDI and other drives that have more than 1024 cylinders. Since DOS cannot access cylinders above this limit, a translation scheme may be elected in the controller's BIOS. As the total number of Logical Blocks Available (LBA's) is defined as CYLINDERS*HEADS*SECTORS PER TRACK, translations that equal the same number of logical blocks with the cylinder count below the 1024 limit will be devised. The controller BIOS will need to be ENABLED in order to utilize translation schemes. SCSI Drive Types MFM Drive Types Unlike the newer IDE drives, MFM drive configurations must match the drive geometry exactly!! If the CMOS drive type table lists the exact geometry, great. If not, then check to see if a "Custom" or "User Definable" CMOS option is available. The last resort is to choose a drive type match that is close but not exceeding either the cylinder or head values. This option will not usually provide the full formatted capacity of the drive. An exact match in the head count is definitely preferred when getting a "close" match. When there is no direct match in the internal drive type tables, a partitioning program may be needed to provide a software driven translation solution in order to achieve full capacity. Keep in mind that the drive will format out only to the capacity of the chosen drive type when not using third-party driver software. Also, some AT 16-bit MFM controllers provide an onboard BIOS which will allow the unique geometry of the drive to be dynamically configured. RLL and ESDI Drive Types RLL and ESDI drives are usually not represented at all in the internal drive tables, and consequently the controllers for these drives need onboard a ROM BIOS which either contains its own internal list of choices for the geometry or else provides the ability to dynamically configure (define) the controller to the specific geometry of the drive. In the case of the ESDI interface, the controller gets parameters directly from the drive with the equivalent of a SCSI "Mode Sense" command. Most RLL and ESDI controllers require that CMOS be set to "Type 1". This setting is then overwritten by the control36 Hard Drive Bible Almost all SCSI drives use DRIVE TYPE 0 or NONE, as the host adapter BIOS and the drive communicate together to establish the drive geometry. The SCSI controller "Scans" the SCSI bus shortly after power-up and installs BIOS support for any attached SCSI devices. Formatting MFM Drives The first step in a low-level format ofan MFM drive is correct CMOS setup. Check the drive geometry list for the heads and cylinders configuration ofyour drive. Then check your motherboard manual (or ROM based setup program) for a CMOS drive type that matches your drive geometry. If you find an exact match, set the CMOS to that drive type number and skip the next paragraph. Table Overrides If your drive geometry does not match a CMOS drive type, you will need to perform a CMOS type table override. Use Speedstor or Disk Manager software to do this. These programs add a software device driver to the drive that overrides the CMOS drive type settings on power-up, enabling you to use a drive not listed in your setup program. Check the Tune-Up section for the correct default interleave for your system, then low-level format the drive. If you have a late AMI BIOS, you may have lowlevel formatting routines built in ROM. If not, use either the setup disk that came with your computer, CSCF11T, IBM Diagnostics, Speedstor, or Disk Manager to lowlevel format. Once the drive is low-level formatted, proceed to the partitioning and high level formatting instructions in the following sections. © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Formatting Rll Drives Most 16-bit and all of the 8-bit RLL controllers we have found have low-level formatting routines in ROM firmware on the board. The default address segment for XT controller boards is C800 hex. To find the starting address, enter DEBUG and type U C800:3. The jump instruction is usually found at C800:5 or C800:6. The first two bytes of the ROM are a 55 and AA hex which identify the BIOS ROM. The third byte represents the length of the BIOS ROM in 512 byte blocks. To format the drive, first select the correct CMOS setup. Consult the manual that came with your RLL controller for the correct setup value. After setting CMOS, proceed to the low-level format. If you have a ROM based low-level formatting routine available, use it. Otherwise, use CSCFMT, Speedstor, or Disk Manager. Be sure to use the/SECS:26 option if you are using Speedstor. When formatting lower capacity (i.e. 30MB) RLL drives, be sure to enter the write precompensation cylinder correctly. Write precomp is important to these drives, since RLL encoding leaves less margin for error. Write precomp is handled automatically on almost all newer drives. Once the drive is low-level formatted, proceed to the partitioning and high-level formatting procedures described in the following sections. Formatting ESDI Drives All of the PC-bus ESDI controllers we have come across have low-level formatting routines in ROM firmware. The formatting procedures for these drives vary from controller to controller, so the best advice we can give you here is follow the instructions that came with the card. In addition to the interleave, you may be asked if you want to use sector sparing when you format. Sector sparing reduces the number of available sectors per track from 36 to 35 or from 54 to 53. This will reduce the available formatted capacity ofyour drive. Choose sector sparing only if your drive has a large defect map. Sector sparing will allow the controller to remap defective sectors to the spare sector on each track. This means that your application will "see" less defects. Sparing will reduce the capacity of your drive by 1/36th. If your drive has a small error map, sector sparing won't gain you © CSC 1994 much. If you are running an application that requires a "Defect Free" drive, enable sector sparing to "Hide" the drive's defects. Many ESDI controllers may also ask you for head and track sector skewing values. These values offset the position of sectors relative to the index so that as the drive steps from track to track and changes from head to head, the next sequential sector is immediately available. To calculate the optimum track skewing value, divide the track-to-track seek time of your drive by 16.6ms. Then multiply this number by the number of sectors per track (rounding up). This will give you the optimum track skewing value. Select 0 when asked for head skew. You may notice that your large capacity ESDI drive contains a large number offactory defects. Don't sweat it. These defects are mapped by a factory analog tester that is extremely sensitive compared to your controller. Most of these defects could never be detected using your controller. They are usually just small analog spikes or dropouts that are corrected by the ECC on your controller. The factory maps these defects because they are the most likely areas to cause problems as the drive wears over time. Once your ESDI drive is low-level formatted, proceed to the partitioning and high-level formatting procedures in the following sections. Formatting SCSI Drives Most SCSI controllers require that the CMOS setup on X86 machines be set for "no drive installed". On power up, the SCSI BIOS on the adapter card scans the SCSI bus to detect attached devices. Once detected, these devices are added to the list of available drives. Most SCSI controllers support up to seven SCSI devices. More than two drives usually require third party device driver for use with DOS versions before 5.0. Almost every SCSI controller includes a low-level format program that is specific to that particular board. The low-level format routines in programs like Speedstor and Disk Manager don't usually work well with SCSI controllers. This is because the controller card BIOS does not translate an interrupt-13h format command into a SCSI format command. In this case, you'll most likely need to use the low-level format program that came with the card. Once the low-level format is completed, FDISK, Speedstor, or Disk Manager can be used for partitioning and high-level formatting. Hard Drive Bible 37 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 NOTE: Several SCSI drives including FDISK, Speedstor, or Disk Manager may be used for partitioning and high-level formatting. some made by Quantum will return almost immediately from a SCSI low-level FORMAT command. These drives report that they have successfully completed a low-level format but don't actually format the disk. A SCSI FORMAT (04h) command does not erase data on all drives. In many cases, data written to the disk is not erased until it is overwritten with a WRITE command. Low Level Formatting IDE Drives Most IDE drives operate in two modes, "native" and "translation". To use an IDE drive in native mode, set CMOS to the actual number of heads and cylinders on the drive, then proceed to partitioning and high-level format. If the IDE drive you are using has physical characteristics (i.e. heads, cylinders, and sectors/track) which are not listed in your ROM BIOS, and you do not have a BIOS which offers a user defined drive type, you will need to use translation mode. Translation mode remaps the drive's physical characteristics into characteristics that match a common drive type. For example, most 40MB IDE drives offer a translation mode that matches the physical characteristics of the early Seagate 251. Since this type is included in almost all ROM BIOS drive type tables, compatibility is improved. Most new IDE drives automatically enable translation mode based on CMOS settings. Select a drive type that is close to but does not exceed the megabyte capacity of the drive. The drive will translate to the megabyte capacity you have selected. Some older type IDE drives require a jumper. Like SCSI drives, all IDE drives are low-level formatted at the factory. Caution: Unless you need to change interleaves, we don't recommend reformatting your IDE drive. Imbeddedfactory defect maps on older drives could be accidentally erased by low-level formatting. Once CMOS and translation mode is set correctly, 38 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SCSI Command Reference READ CAPACITY READ EXTENDED READ LONG REASSIGN BLOCKS RELEASE REQUEST SENSE REZERO UNIT SEEK SEEK EXTENDED START DIAGNOSTICS START/STOP UNIT TEST UNIT READY VERIFY WRITE WRITE EXTENDED WRITE LONG When we asked CSC customers what they wanted added to The Hard Drive Bible, the answer was unanimous. You asked for a complete SCSI command set specification. Although printing the entire ANSI specification is beyond the scope of this book, this chapter describes the most common SCSI commands and their command blocks. The following commands are supported by nearly all SCSI drives: COMMAND FORMAT UNIT INQUIRY MODE SELECT MODE SENSE READ OP CODE (HEX) 04 12 15 lA 08* 25 28* 3E* 07 17 03 01 OB 2B ID IB 00 2F OA* 2A* 3F* * Note: 99% of the active time on the SCSI bus is spent executing these commands. Most average systems execute 8 or more read commands for each write command. Format Unit The FORMAT UNIT command ensures that the media is formatted so that all initiator addressable data blocks can be addressed. The medium will be certified and control structures will be created for the management of the medium and defects. Note that successful completion ofa FORMAT UNIT command does not necessarily mean that data has been erased. BIT BYTE 7 The INQUIRY command requests that information regarding parameters of the target to be sent to the initiator. 4 I 1 2 1 1 I0 3 Operation Code 04 H iFmtDat ICmpLstl LUN 1 2 Reserved 3 Interleave (MSB) 4 Interleave (LSB) BIT BYTE I VU 7 6 I 0 1 I5 I 4 I I 3 Reserved 4 Allocation Length I I 2 I 1 I 0 H Reserved Reserved VU I Flag ILink 3 Operation Code 12 LUN Defect List Format Reserved 2 5 © CSC 1994 5 6 ~O 5 Inquiry I I I Reserved 1Flag ILink Hard Drive Bible 39 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Mode Select The MODE SELECT command provides a means for the initiator to change the drive's operating parameters. BIT BYTE I I I I I I I 6 7 5 0 1 I LUN I I I4 I I I 6 7 5 1 I LUN I PCF Hard Drive Bible 0 I H Reserved Page Code Allocation Length I VU BIT BYTE 7 I Flag ILink Reserved I I I I I I I 6 5 0 2 3 4 1 0 Operation Code 08 H 1 I LUN 2 Logic Block Address (MSB) Logic Block Address 3 Logic Block Address (LSB) 4 Transfer Length 5 BIT BYTE 1 Reserved 5 40 2 3 Operation Code lA 0 4 The READ CAPACITY command provides a means for the initiator to request information regarding the capacity of the drive. I Flag ILink Reserved 3 Read Capacity ISP Reserved I VU 2 The READ command requests that the drive transfer data to the initiator. Bit/Byte Definition: Logical Block Address - Specifies the logical block where the read operation will begin. Transfer Length - Specifies the number of contiguous logical blocks of data to transfer. A transfer length of zero indicates that 256 logical blocks will be transferred. Any other value indicates the number of logical blocks that will be transferred. H Parameter List Length 5 Read 0 Reserved 4 The MODE SENSE command provides a means for the drive to report its medium or peripheral to the initiator. This command is a complementary command to the MODE SELECT command. 1 2 Reserved 3 BIT BYTE 3 Operation Code 15 2 Mode Sense 4 I VU 7 I 5 6 0 I Flag ILink Reserved I I 4 3 I 2 I I 1 0 Operatin Code 25 H 1 LUN I 2 Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 VU 9 VU IRelAdr Reserved Reserved Reserved PMI IFlag Link © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Read Extended The READ EXTENDED command requests that the drive transfer data to the initiator. BitlByte Definition: Logical Block Address - Specifies the logical block where the read operation will begin. Transfer Length - Specifies the number of contiguous logical blocks of data to transfer. A transfer length of zero indicates that 256 logical blocks will be transferred. Any other value indicates the number of logical blocks that will be transferred. BIT BYTE 7 The READ LONG command will transfer the specified sector of data and ECC bytes to the initiator. The drive will not correct the data field or the ECC bytes. This command is intended for diagnostic purposes. The number of bytes transferred to the initiator wil be the sector size plus the mnumber of bytes contained in the ECC field. 5 6 2 3 4 1 LUN 0 \RelAdr Reserved I 2 Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Transfer Length (MSB) 8 Transfer Length (LSB) BIT BYTE 1 Operation Code 12H 0 I VU 9 Read Long I I I I I I I 7 I I5 6 IFlag Reserved ILink I4 I I I I 2 3 1 0 Operation Code 3E H 0 LUN 1 2 Reserved I IRelAdr Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address Logical Block Address (LSB) 5 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 OIH 9 VU I Reserved I Flag I Link Reassign Blocks The REASSIGN BLOCKS command requests the drive to reassign the defective logical blocks to an area on the drive's medium reserved for this purpose The initiator transfers a defect list that contains the logical block addresses to be reassigned. The drive will reassign the physical medium used for each logical block address in the list. The data contained in the logical blocks specified in the defect list may be altered, but the data in all other logical blocks on the medium will be preserved. Specifying a logical block to be reassigned that was previously reassigned will cause that block to be reassigned again. Thus, over the life of the medium, a logical block can be assigned to a multiple physical addresses until no more spare locations remain. © esc 1994 BIT BYTE 7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I 0 1 I 1 I0 Operation Code 07 H I LUN Reserved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Reserved 5 2 VU I Reserved IFlag ~ink Hard Drive Bible 41 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Reassign Blocks Defect list The REASSIGN BLOCKS defect list contains a four byte header followed by one or more defect descriptors. The length ofeach defect descriptor is four bytes. Defect List Length: Specifies the total length in bytes ofthe defect descriptors that follow. The defect list length is equal to four times the number of defect descriptors. The defect descriptor specifies a four byte defect logical block address that contains the defect. The defect descriptors must be in ascending order. If the drive has insuffilcient capacity to reassigt:l all of the defective logical blocks, the command will terminate with a CHECK CONDITION status and the sense key set to MEDIUM ERROR. The logical block address of the first logical block not reassigned will be returned in the information bytes of the sense data. Release The RELEASE command is used to release a previously reserved drive. It is not an error for an initiator to attempt to release a reservation that is not currently active. REASSIGN BLOCKS Defect List BYTE Defect List Header 0 Reserved 1 Reserved 2 Defect List Length (MSB) 3 Defect List Length (LSB) BYTE Defect Descriptor(s) 0 Defect Logical Block Address (MSB) 1 Defect Logical Block Address 2 Defect Logical Block Address 3 Defect Logical Block Address (LSB) BIT BYTE 7 I I I I I 4 5 6 0 3 2 I I 1 0 Operation Code 17H 1 13rd Pt~ Third Party Device LUN 2 ml Extent Reservation Identification 3 Reserved 4 Reserved 5 I VU I Flag I Link Reserved Requests Sense The REQUESTS SENSE command requests that the target transfer sense data to the initiator. The sense data is valid for a CHECK CONDITION status returned on a prior command. The sense data is preserved by the drive for the initiator receiving the CHECK CONDITION status until a REQUEST SENSE command or any other is issued to the drive. Sense data will be cleared upon receipt of any subsequent command to the drive from the initiator receiving the CHECK CONDITION. The REQUEST SENSE command will return the CHECK CONDITION status only to report fatal errors for this command. For example. * The target receives a non-zero reserved bit in the command descriptor block. * An unrecovered parity error occurs on the data bus. * A target malfunction prevents the return of sense data. 42 Hard Drive Bible BIT BYTE 7 I 6 I 0 1 I4 I I I I 3 1 2 0 Operation Code 03H I LUN 2 Reserved Reserved 3 Reserved 4 5 5 Allocation Length VU I Reserved I Flag ILink © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Rezero Unit The REZERO UNIT command requests that the drive position the actuator to cylinder zero. BIT BYTE 7 0 3 Reserved 4 Reserved BIT BYTE I VU 5 0 4 1 I Logical Block Address (MSB) LUN Logical Block Address (LSB) Reserved I VU 7 I Flag I Link Reserved I I I I I I I 5 6 0 4 2 3 1 0 Operation Code 2BH I LUN Reserved Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 Reserved 9 I VU BIT 7 IFlag ILink Reserved I I I I I I 6 5 0 4 2 3 1 r0 Operation Code IDH I LUN I Reserved SlfTest bey of I ~nil of I 2 Reserved 3 Parameter List Length (MSB) 4 Parameter List Length (LSB) 5 0 Operation Code OBH 2 © CSC 1994 2 3 3 1 0 I Logical Block Address BYTE I IFlag Link 2 BIT BYTE 1 I Reserved 6 1 The SEND DIAGNOSTIC command requests that the drive perform diagnostic tests on itself. There are no additional parameters for this command. 2 I I I I I I I I 7 5 Send Diagnostic 3 Reserved Reserved 4 The SEEK EXTENDED command requests that the drive position itself to the specified logical block. I I LUN 1 Seek Extended 4 I 2 5 The SEEK command requests that the drive position itself to the specified logical block. 5 Operation Code OlH 1 Seek I 6 I VU I Reserved IFlag ILink Hard Drive Bible 43 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Start/Stop Unit The START/STOP UNIT command requests that the drive either start the spin motor and position the read/write heads to cylinder zero or stop the spin motor and position the read/write heads in the landing zone. BIT BYTE 7 I I I4 I I I 5 6 0 I LUN 1 Reserved 3 Reserved Reserved The TEST UNIT READY command provides a means to check if the drive is ready. This is not a request for a self-test. If the drive will accept a medium-access command without returning a CHECK CONDITION status then this command will return a GOOD status. 7 The VERIFY command requests that the drive verify the data on the medium. 5 2 3 Reserved 4 Reserved I VU 7 I 6 I5 I4 I3 I 2 I0 I I 1 0 Operation Code 2FH LUN I Reserved 2 Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Verification Length (MSB) 8 Verification Length (LSB) VU 7 I Reserved IBytChk IRelAdr IFlag I Link I 6 I5 I 4 I3 I 2 I 1 0 1 1 IFlag ILink Reserved 0 BIT BYTE I Link Reserved Reserved I 0 Operation Code OAH I LUN Logical Block Address (MSB) Logical Block Address 3 Logical Block Address (LSB) 4 Transfer Length 5 Hard Drive Bible 3 I 2 44 4 2 9 The WRITE command requests that the drive write the data transferred by the initiator to the medium. 6 LUN 1 Write I I I I I Start Operation Code OOH 1 BIT BYTE IFlag Reserved 0 5 Verify I VU 5 Irnrned Reserved 2 BIT BYTE 0 1 Operation Code IBH 4 Test Unit Ready 2 3 VU I Reserved IFlag ILink © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Write Extended The WRITE EXTENDED command requests that the drive write the data transferred by the initiator to the medium. BIT BYTE 7 I I I I 6 0 1 I LUN 2 Reserved 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Transfer Length (MSB) 8 Transfer Length (LSB) BIT BYTE I VU 7 I 0 1 0 \RelAdr IFlag 1Link Reserved Operation Code 3FH 1 I LUN Reserved 2 Logical Block Address (MSB) 3 Logical Block Address 4 Logical Block Address 5 Logical Block Address (LSB) 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 9 I I I 5 I 4 I 3 I 2 I1 I0 6 8 © CSC 1994 I Logical Block Address (MSB) 9 The WRITE LONG command will transfer a sector of data and ECC bytes to the drive. The bytes transferred to the drive are written in the data field and the ECC bytes for the particular sector specified in the logical block address. This command is intended for diagnostic purposes. The number of bytes transferred to the drive will be the sector size plus the number of bytes contained in the ECC field. 3 Operation Code 2AH 2 Write Long 4 5 \RelAdI OIH VU I Reserved IFlag ILink Hard Drive Bible 45 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 46 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 DOS Partitioning DOS partitioning and high-level formatting can be tricky. This may be done using DOS FORMAT and FDISK or using a third-party program such as SpeedStor or Disk Manager. Although these menu driven programs are convenient, DOS and its included utilities are all that's necessary. It's important to understand the following DOS partition constraints before beginning. Old DOS Limitations Versions ofMS DOS and PC DOS before 3.30 have a 32MB storage limitation. There is no way to access over 32MB per physical drive without a device driver, if you are using an old version of DOS. If you are stuck with DOS 3.2 or earlier, you will need SpeedStor or Disk Manager to fully utilize a drive larger than 32MB. The best solution is to upgrade to 3.30 or later version. The 32MB Barrier Versions of MS DOS and PC DOS after 3.30 but before 4.0 have a 32MB per partition barrier. Using these DOS versions, you cannot access more than 32MB per logical partition without using a third-party device driver. Both Speedstor and Disk Manager provide a device driver which can be installed in your CONFIG.SYS to bypass this limitation. We recommend use of DOS 4.01 or later if you desire more than 32MB per partition. The 1024 Cylinder Barrier All versions of DOS have a 1024 cylinder limitation. This is becoming more and more of a problem as larger capacity drives are introduced with more cylinders. To access more than 1024 cylinders, you will need a device driver or a controller card that offers a "translate mode". Some ESDI and most SCSI controllers (like the esc FlashCache™64) offer translation mode. Controllers which feature a translation mode will logically remap a drive's physical parameters so that the system "sees" less cylinders and more heads or sectors per track. For example, an ESDI drive with 1224 cylinders, 15 heads, and 36 sectors per track might be mapped into a configuration of 612 cylinders, 30 heads, and 36 sectors per track. The physical configuration of the drive will remain the same, but the controller card will remap © CSC 1994 the drive so that DOS will recognize the entire disk. Translation mode is usually enabled during the low-level format procedure. If your controller does not support translation mode, the only way to bypass the 1024 cylinder limitation is with a device driver. Once you have decided how you want to partition the drive, use either Speedstor, Disk Manager, or FDISK to do the work for you. Divide the disk into as many partitions as you desire. After you have set the partitions, you will have to reboot the system before any partition changes are recognized. Be sure to mark the partition you want to boot from as the ACTIVE partition. Then proceed to the high-level format procedure described in this section. Partition Compatibility All versions ofDOS 5.0 and later have the ability to access partitions created under older versions of DOS. Most, but not all, older versions of DOS will access partitions created under newer DOS versions. For example, a system booted under DOS 3.3 will recognize a hard drive partition created under DOS 3.2, but not an extended partition created under DOS 4.0. If you're partitioning a drive with a later versions of DOS and using partitions larger than 32MB in size, be aware that you are limiting your compatibility with earlier versions of DOS. If you plan to reformat a drive originally formatted with a late version of DOS, you must use the later version of DOS FDISK to erase the existing partition. HOT TIP The 2000MB Partition Limit DOS 6.X is currently limited to 2000MB per partition. In most cases, this is an adequate partition size. Although software is available to bypass this limitation, I don't recommend using it. If you can't partition your data to fit in 2GB partitions, the best solution is another operating system with a high performance file system like OS/2™ or Windows NTTM. As partition sizes increase, the efficiency of DOS decreases. DOS cluster sizes are typically 8K or more in large partitions. Since the minimum allocation size for each file is one cluster, Hard Drive Bible 47 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 even small files (i.e. 1K) will require 8K of disk space per file. If you have many small files, switching to a smaller partition which decreases your cluster size will improve efficiency. DOS Format DOS format (or high-level format) is simple. Use the DOS format program with the /S option or use FORMAT and SYS C: to initialize your bootable partition. If you are using a device driver, install it next and reboot the system before formatting any remaining partitions. You may also use Speedstor or Disk Manager for high-level formatting. Be sure to copy COMMAND.COM and invoke SYS C: to copy the DOS system to the active partition after using these programs. Congratulations! You are now ready to run. Proceed to the tune-up section for tips on optimizing your software setup. 48 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Novell Compsurl Novell's COMPSURF program is a tricky beast. It is one of the most rigorous and intensive test programs available. It's also a necessary prerequisite to installing some versions of Novell Netware on a hard drive. Compsurf was first written in 1984 when large capacity drives were not as reliable as they are today. It uses an intensive random and sequential read/write test to certify the drive. Compsurf takes around one hour per 20MB of disk space to run. After testing, Compsurf partitions the drive for use with Novell, and writes a defect table to the drive. Before running COMPSURF, make sure you have all the necessary software drivers. ELS level I or level II Netware is designed to support IDE compatible drives only. ELS Compsurf will only work with IDE, MFM, RLL, or ESDI controllers that bear a close resemblance to the original IBM-AT MFM controller. If you are running Netware Lite, Advanced 286, SFT 286, or Netware 386, you have more options. Drivers for SCSI, ESDI, and SMD controllers are available for these versions of Netware. To use a Netware driver, you must follow the Netware installation instructions to the letter, and link the device driver with Compsurf. This will create a custom formatting and testing program that will operate with your controller. If you are running a SCSI drive with Compsurf, be sure to answer NO when Compsurf asks if you wish to format the drive. Use the low-level formatting program provided with the controller card instead. Compsurf can't format SCSI drives because the SCSI interface only supports a 'format drive' command, and the 'format track' command is normally ignored by SCSI controllers. a controller card BIOS that tests as well as the real Compsurf. Our feelings are that the reliability demands of most network users justify the time it takes to run the real Compsurf. To save time and effort, it's a good idea to ask your drive dealer if he can Compsurfyour drive for you. Ifhe' s reputable and confident in his product, this service should be available at no extra charge. Whatever you do, choose a well built, heavy duty hard drive for your fileserver. Novell applications are extremely disk intensive and demand a reliable disk. NOTE: When running Compsurf on SCSI drives, be sure to low-level format the drive first, then answer NO to the following prompts: FORMAT THE DRIVE: NO (Enter) MAINTAIN DEFECT LIST: NO (Enter) Many newer controllers offer a "watered down" version ofCompsurfin ROM BIOS. We have yet to find © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 49 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 50 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Choosing aHard Drive and Controller With so many different drives and controllers on the market, where do you start? Begin with software requirements. Narrow down your choices by eliminating drive interfaces or controllers which are not compatible with your software application. For example, an IDE drive might not offer sufficient performance for your network software, or the 528MB size limitation of standard IDE might be too small for your XENIX system. In general IDE drives are the most compatible since nearly all operating systems will run an IDE drive without additional software drivers. In terms ofperformance and flexibility, SCSI is always the best choice. Unfortunately, almost all advanced operating systems like OS/2™ and Windows NTTMrequire software drivers for full support of SCSI controllers. Check on the availability ofsoftware drivers for your applications before choosing SCSI. Consider future expandability and upgradability. SCSI controllers offer the most flexibility and expandability in the long run. With a SCSI controller, you can daisy-chain up to 7 devices, including SCSI hard drives, CD-ROMs, erasable optical drives, DAT and 8mm SCSI tape drives from the same controller. If you are upgrading an existing system with an ESDI controller already installed, an ESDI drive may be the most economical choice. ESDI still offers decent performance and compatibility, but a limited supply of drives make it a good choice only for upgrading an existing system. If you are building a new IBM compatible system, you also have a choice of motherboard bus configurations. The most popular choices are ISA, EISA, VESA (or VL-bus) and PCI. Each bus has its advantages and limitations. ISA refers to the original 16-bit bus which IBM designed into the first 80286 based AT computers. The IBM ISA specification strictly limited bus speed to 8MHz and set firm rules about bus timing. Newer "clone" motherboards violate this specification and permit operation up to 16MHz. The ISA bus design is capable of accommodating most hard drives and 110 cards without a bottleneck. Its main limitation is video. With the advent of programs like Microsoft Windows™, large amounts of data must be transferred quickly to the © CSC 1994 video card as windows are opened, closed, and scrolled. The original AT bus lacks the bandwidth for acceptable video performance. To solve this problem, a committee called the Video Electronics Standards Association was formed. The VESA local bus standard was established to improve video performance while maintaining compatibility with ISA bus peripherals. VESA bus motherboards have two or three local bus slots which are connected directly to the 32 bit bus of the Intel compatible CPU chips. This permits up to three VESA peripherals to operate at any speed up to the full speed of the processor. The main problem with the VESA bus design is bus loading. As VL-bus speed is increased (VESA bus speed is linked directly to processor speed), the number of adapter cards which can be used decreases. For example, most 50MHz VESA motherboards will support only one or (maybe) two cards. Despite this limitation, The VESA bus is rapidly gaining popularity due to it's low cost to manufacture. Since the only two peripherals which can really take advantage of this high speed bus are disk controllers and video cards, the two or three slot limitation is normally not an issue. In an effort to solve this problem, many "clock doubling" and "clock tripling" CPU chips like the Intel 80486DX2-66 have become popular. These chips operate the VESA bus at a lower speed (ie. 33MHz) and perform calculations internally at a multiple of this speed (ie. 66MHz). The VL-bus becomes more robust when used in conjunction with this type ofCPU. A VESAIISA motherboard with VL-bus disk and video controllers and a clock doubling or tripling CPU is an excellent choice for building a new system. EISA is a 32 bit bus standard popularized in 1991. This bus runs at 8MHz and is software configurable (most EISA cards have no jumpers to set). This bus offers two to four times the performance of the ISA bus, but is slower than the VESA bus. EISA is a conservative, reliable bus design that does not suffer from the two or The main three slot limitation of the VESA bus. disadvantage of EISA is cost. EISA connectors, chip Hard Drive Bible 51 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 sets, and adapter boards are all more expensive than their VESA counterparts. Unless you have a specific need for more than three fast 110 cards (there aren't many applications that do), I would not recommend building a new system around the EISA bus. PCI is another high performance bus alternative. PCI bus speeds blow past ISA and EISA and rival VESA bus speeds, but PCI motherboards are more costly to manufacture. At the time ofthis printing, the availability and cost of PCI peripherals was also an issue. PCI does not suffer from a limited number of supported slots as VESA does. PCI boards are also autoconfiguring (an advantage over VESA). As more PCI peripherals become available, and prices drop, the price/performance ratio of PCI will make it a viable alternative to VESA. Once you have selected a motherboard, it's time to make sure the controller board you have in mind will be compatible. The EISA bus is so strictly defined that we have seen very few compatibility issues arise. ISA compatibility problems usually occur only when the bus speed is increased over 10MHz or the bus timing is irregular. With standard IDE controllers, bus speed is normally not an issue. With memory or 110 mapped SCSI controllers, you will need sufficient address space in the base 640K memory to support the footprint of the controller BIOS, and an available interrupt. Bus mastering controllers of any type can be a nightmare. Bus on/off times, and refresh release rates often need to be adjusted to get things working. With a negligible performance difference between bus mastering and memory mapped controllers, you are best off steering clear of bus mastering controllers. ISA bus mastering controllers may also have compatibility problems or performance limitations in machines with more than 16MB of memory. Our overall recommendations: A fast VESA or PCI SCSI controller for new systems. Couple this controller with the largest SCSI drive you can afford. If you are interested in a small capacity drive and controller a small IDE drive will offer the most for the money. Weigh your storage and speed requirements. For Network server applications, go with the fastest voice coil drive you can afford. For workstations or light database applications, a larger capacity drive with a slower access time and lower cost may be preferable. In notebook and portable applications, insist on a drive with good shock tolerance. When selecting a drive capacity be sure to think to the future. It's better to start with a large capacity drive now 52 Hard Drive Bible than to replace the entire drive in the near future. In summary, for most low capacity applications, we recommend a small, inexpensive IDE drive with an imbedded controller. For maximum software compatibility in sizes below 528MB standard IDE drives are a good choice. For top performance and upward compatibility with the ability to daisy-chain additional peripherals, choose a SCSI drive and controller. © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3575 Fine Tuning This section contains a few hints on how to get the most out of your hard disk subsystem. There are several ways of measuring disk performance. In the PC world, the most common utility program for comparing hard disks is CORETEST from Core International. Running CORETEST on your drive yields a crude performance rating based on the average seek time and data transfer rate of the drive reported by the system BIOS. If you do not specify any command line options when running CORETEST, the program defaults to a block size of 64KB. The performance rating you get based on a 64K block size is only part of the picture. Many common operating systems (including DOS) often transfer data in blocks smaller than 64KB. To get an idea of how your system performs with these smaller block sizes, use the command CORETEST/B:xx where xx is the size of the block you would like to test. Making a graph of the performance ratings you get for different block sizes gives a more complete picture. CSC Test HOT TIP The two most important steps to a tuneup are optimizing interleave and defragmenting files. The optimum interleave for your hard disk system is a function of both the hardware and software in your system. Contrary to popular opinion, 1: 1 is not the optimum interleave for ALL applications. Ifthe controller you are using does not feature a full track read-ahead cache (most older MFM, RLL, and some imbedded controllers don't), selecting the optimum interleave will make a significant difference in data transfer rate. After extensive testing, we have come up with the following rules-of-thumb regarding interleaves for MFM and RLL controllers: Use 4:1 Interleave With: Older 4.77MHz XT class machines. Use 3:1 Interleave With: Older XT class machines with DOS applications Older 6MHz and 8MHz AT class machines running. Use 2:1 Interleave With: CSC offers its own performance test program called CSCTEST which is supplied on the enclosed diskette. Since this program is larger than will fit on the disk in uncompressed format, it is supplied in a self extracting compressed archive format. To uncompress it, first change to the directory on your hard drive where you would like to install the test program. Once you are in that directory, type A:CSCTEST, and the program will automatically unpack and transfer itselfto your hard disk. To view the results, you will need an EGA, VGA, or Hercules compatible monitor. CSCTEST gives an evaluation of system performance by accurately measuring the number of seeks per second and 512 byte blocks transferred per second. These ratings are combined to give an overall performance rating. This rating can then be compared with the rankings of other popular systems. There are several ways of increasing your system performance by optimizing software setups and not changing hardware. © CSC 1994 Older 10MHz to 16MHz 286/386 machines running DOS. Use 1:1 Interleave With: All 20MHz or faster 386 machines running Netware All 20MHz or faster 386 machines running DOS All newer 486 and Pentium machines. It's interesting to note that a 20MHz 386 machine running DOS can operate faster with a 2: 1 interleave controller than a 1: 1. This is because many DOS applications can't operate fast enough to take advantage of the 1: 1 interleave. By the time the DOS application requests the next sequential sector of disk data, the 1: 1 formatted disk has already spun past that sector, and DOS must wait for the disk to spin another revolution. Fortunately, ifyou are building up a new system with a clock speed of 20MHz or faster, the choice is clear. Most modem clone Hard Drive Bible 53 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 boards with 8MRz I/O channels and fast CPU's work best with 1: 1 interleave. If you are tuning up an older system with a clock speed of 20MHz or less, 2: 1 interleave may be the optimum choice. There is really only one way ofexactly determining the actual optimum interleave for your system. Test it. Popular programs like OPTUNE or SPINRITE let you determine the optimum interleave based on hardware considerations only. Unfortunately, these programs do not take into account the software overhead that DOS and other operating systems create. Format the drive with an interleave value one sector larger than suggested by SPINRITE or OPTUNE. Then load your applications and make your own performance tests. Record the results and then reformat with the interleave recommended by the test program. If performance increases, you have chosen the optimum interleave. If not, the software overhead of your applications is causing the system to operate better at the higher interleave. Defragmenting files is the next step in increasing system performance. As a disk is used over time, files become fragmented. The simplest way to defragment files is with a program like Central Point Software's COMPRESS. Alternately, the files can be copied to another drive and then restored. Defragmenting files will significantly increase your system performance. Buffers and FASTOPEN Appropriate use of the DOS BUFFERS and FASTOPEN commands will also improve system throughput. The DOS buffers command allocates a fixed amount of memory which DOS uses to cache data while reading and writing. As many buffers as possible should be installed in yourCONFIG.SYS file. Each buffer will take a total of 548 bytes of memory (512 bytes for data and 36 for pointers). If you have extended memory available, use the IX option to store buffers in extended RAM and keep your base 640k free and clear. If you are using a caching controller, set the DOS buffers command as low as possible for best performance. The DOS FASTOPEN program tracks the locations of files on a disk for fast access. Access to files in a complex directory structure can be time consuming. If you run applications that use several files (such as dBASE, Paradox, or other database programs), FASTOPEN records the name and physical location on the drive. When the file is reopened, access time is significantly 54 Hard Drive Bible reduced. Ifyou are using disk intensive programs without FASTOPEN, your disk performance is suffering. One of the nicest features of FASTOPEN is its ability to use extended memory. For example adding the lineFASTOPEN C: 100, 10/X to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file would automatically make FASTOPEN load using extended memory to track up to 100 files with aID entry extent cache. Unfortunately, onceFASTOPEN is loaded, its setup cannot be changed. To change FASTOPEN settings, reboot the computer. Cache Programs Caching programs such as DOS SMARTDRV.SYS dramatically improve disk system performance. Another benefit of using a good caching program is extended drive life. Drive life is based not only on the number of power on hours (POR), but also on the number of seek operations. Adding even a small RAM cache will prolong drive life significantly by reducing the number of seeks necessary. If you are using DOS 5.0 or later, we recommend you try the SMARTDRV.SYS program included with DOS. It offers good performance, particularly with expanded memory. You can improve drive performance dramatically without buying extra soft\\iare by adding SMARTDRV to your CONFIG.SYS file. For a few dollars more, many excellent third-party caching programs are available which offer improved performance over SMARTDRV. Two of the best cache programs we have found are PC-Cache from Central Point Software and Speed Cache from Storage Dimensions. Both of these programs enable disk caching using extended or expanded system memory. If you purchased IBM DOS 6.1 or later, you received PC-Cache and a degragmenting program free with DOS - smart buy. PCCache has an adjustable read-ahead feature which improves sequential access on large files. HOT TIP If you are running Unix, Database programs, or other extremely disk intensive programs, the ultimate solution (if you can afford it) is a caching controller card. A caching controller can provide reduced data access times, improve throughputs, and improve your hard drive's life span. A quick Windows performance boost can be had by moving the swap file. If this swap file is located near frequently used data, performance will be increased. If the swap file is moved to a separate drive, © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3575 performance is even better. For DOS and Microsoft Windows users, a caching controller frees system memory for applications. Due to the large number of requests for an inexpensive, high performance caching controllers, CSC has designed the CSC FastCache™64 ISA SCSI controller. We are now designing both caching and non caching VESA VL-Bus and PCMCIA versions. A number of other Fast SCSI caching and non-caching controllers are available, and if disk 110 is a bottleneck, they are all worth considering. To sum up the fine tuning of your DOS hard drive, perform the following five steps for better disk performance: 1. Find the optimum interleave (Reformat if necessary) 2. Compress and defragment 3. Set buffers correctly 4. Install FASTOPEN 5. UseSMARTDRV,PC-CACHE,oranothercache program if you do not have a caching controller. 6. Move swap files to a physical area near data files, or to another drive. HOT TIP © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 55 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 56 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hardware Compatibility Problems Unfortunately, not all controller cards are compatible with all computers and not all disk drives work with all controller cards. Some of the major hardware compatibility problems we have come across are listed below. SCSI Arbitration on Bus Scan On power-up, a SCSI controller communicates with the attached devices to determine if the device is operating in synchronous or asynchronous mode. Many SCSI controllers do not perform this arbitration process correctly. This failure usually causes the system to hang. The solution is an upgraded controller BIOS or a different controller/drive combination. SCSI Command Set Issues SCSI command set problems occur because SCSI commands differ among device manufacturers. These problems can usually be resolved with a firmware upgrade on the SCSI device or controller. Be sure to check for command set compatibility before purchasing any SCSI devices. In some cases, after market products are available to relieve SCSI compatibility problems. My personal favorites for the Apple Macintosh include FWB' s Silverlining and Spot On. Corel makes an excellent set of SCSI disk drivers for ASPI compliant PC controllers. Storage Dimension's Speedstor is a great integration program for Sun platforms. tended setup. Otherwise the only solution is a new controller card. ISA Bus 16-Bit Memory Transfers This problem often occurs in older motherboards that use discrete chip sets. On the AT bus, a signal called MEM 16 must be asserted by the bus devices in order to initiate a 16-bit data transfer. This signal must be available almost immediately, or the system may default to 8bit transfer. Many of the cheaper clone motherboards do not provide valid address signals in time to decode this signal. If the address signals are not presented in time, it is impossible to perform a 16-bit transfer. This causes problems with many 16-bitcards that use memory mapped 110, such as the WD7000 and DTC3280 SCSI controllers. Older DTK motherboards are notorious in this regard. The solution is to switch to an 8-bit card and suffer a slight loss of performance. If this is not acceptable, the only solution is upgrading to a higher quality motherboard. ESDI Defect Tables Many older style controller cards have problems reading the defect tables from some ESDI drives. This is due to the way the defect table is recorded on the drive. The solution is upgrading to a newer style card or rewriting the defect table using a factory analog type drive tester. VESA VL-Bus Loading Problems ISA Bus 1/0 Channel Ready Timing Slow devices connected to the AT bus must assert a signal called 110 CHANNEL READY to force the motherboard to wait for data. Many faster motherboards do not conform to the original IBM AT bus timing specs. Because they don't, a controller card requesting a wait state delay using this line may not operate correctly. If you have a Chips & Technology based motherboard, this can be corrected by adding a bus wait state using ex© CSC 1994 The VESA VL-Bus specification supports two cards at a 33MHz bus speed, and only one card at 40MHz or 50MHz bus speeds. Depending on the quality of their design and construction, some motherboards may exceed these specifications. There's really no way to correct a VESA bus loading problem other than lowering the bus speed or removing one card. A clock doubling CPU (i.e. the Intel 486DX2-66) may be the solution in some cases. Hard Drive Bible 57 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 HOT TIP IDE Drive Master/Slave Compatibility When mixing different manufacturers of IDE drives on the same cable, compatibility problems may occur. This is caused by timing incompatibilities and because some drives use IDE pins for different purposes (Le. spindle sync). If you encounter a dual drive IDE situation where only one drive works, try reversing the Master/Slave jumpers on both drives to switch their positions in the system. 58 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Common Installation Problems The common installation problems below account for 90% ofthe technical support calls at CSC. Steer clear of trouble by learning about these issues. Handle Hard Drives Like Eggs! Hard drives are extremely fragile. Dropping, bumping, or jarring a hard drive can cause permanent damage. Always use a manufacturer approved shipping carton if you need to transport the drive outside of the system. Never transport an optical drive with the media inserted. Rough handling accounts for more drive failures than all other factors combined. differences between physical and translated IDE parameters. You must to set CMOS to the translated parameters. Most ESDI drives use an IBM standard type 1 CMOS setup. This corresponds to a standard 10MB drive. Upon power-up, the BIOS on the ESDI card overrides this drive type. Most SCSI controllers operate with CMOS set to 0 (no drive installed). Double check your controller manual for the correct CMOS setup value. Programs that use drive table overrides for MFM and RLL drives normally use the closest match in the ROM type table with an identical number of heads. Hardware Conflicts 11\." rTALLATION ." ..'II,.CAUTION! Reversed Cables! Most drive cables are not keyed - they can easily be installed backwards. Reversed cables account for a large number of hard drive electronic failures. Reversing a SCSI cable will cause the terminator power line to be grounded. This usually blows a fuse or fusable link on either the drive or controller. Without terminator power, SCSI data transfer will be unreliable. Make certain all cables are oriented correctly before applying power. If you reverse a SCSI cable, you may need to replace the fuse, or return the drive for service. Line drivers on either the controller, drive, or both can easily be damaged if cables are reversed. If you are unsure, don't guess - check the documentation or call the manufacturer! Twisted Cables Refer to the Drive Cabling section to ensure the proper twisted cable is used when installing multiple Floppy, MFM, RLL, or ESDI drives. Hardware conflicts can occur if the controller card conflicts with the interrupt, DMA, I/O address or ROM address of other cards in the system. These conflicts are often difficult to debug. To be sure, check the manuals for ALL of the other boards installed in the system before jumpering the controller card. Defect Locking It's important to enter and lock the defect table on all MFM, RLL, and ESDI drives. If these defects are not entered, long term reliability will suffer. IDE and SCSI drives automatically lock out drive defects. ISA Bus Extended Setup Be sure to set the following extended setup parameters per your controller card manufacturer's recommendation: BUS CLOCK SPEED - Usually 8-12 MHz. 16-BIT BUS WAIT STATES - Usually 1 or 2 wait states. AT CLOCK STRETCH - Usually enabled. CMOS Setup Be sure to read the chapter which describes the © esc 1994 Improper extended setup settings may cause erratic controller operation. Hard Drive Bible 59 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Keep Optical Drives Clean and Cool! Optical drives must be kept clean, cool and dust free for reliable long term operation. If an optical drive is installed without a proper flow of cool, clean air, long term reliability will suffer. When internal optics become contaminated by dust, error rates rise significantly. When temperatures increase, MlO drives will not operate reliably. Most "clone" cases do not provide a proper environment for optical drives. Most optical drives work best installed in external enclosures with proper fans and filters. Clean fan filters regularly. Use cleaning disks regularly on CD-ROM drives. Purchase a cleaning kit for your erasable media. SCSI Parity Jumpers Most SCSI drives are shipped from the factory with parity enabled. PC applications sometimes require that parity be disabled by moving a jumper. SCSIID and Termination 95% or the problems we have seen with SCSI installations are due to improper ID settings and termination errors. Please read the section on SCSI cabling instructions and the termination and ID warnings before installing your SCSI peripherals. All SCSI installations require a total of two terminators - no more and no less. This includes the terminators which may be installed on the controller card or host adapter. 60 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Troubleshooting The following paragraphs list some of the more common problems encountered in drive installation. They are intended for quick troubleshooting reference. If you are receiving an unfamiliar error message, check the Common Error Messages listings later in this chapter. Bus Mastering Compatibility Bus Mastering cards usually havejumpers for DMA channels, hardware interrupt levels, and bus on/off time. Check these jumpers first when installing a bus mastering controller. As described in the installation section, each controller must have its own interrupt level and DMA channel. If you intend to use DOS programs like Windows in 386 enhanced mode that use the protected mode ofthe 386/486 processor with a bus mastering card, you will need a software driver. Even when they are correctly installed, bus mastering controllers sometimes experience motherboard hardware compatibility problems. If you have trouble getting a bus mastering controller to run with your motherboard, ask the controller manufacturer if your motherboard has been approved for compatibility. programs like SpeedStor or Disk Manager can be used to override the CMOS table. ESDI and SCSI Controller Drive Types All PC SCSI controllers require that CMOS be set to NO DRIVES installed. The only exception to this rule is if an IDE, MFM, or ESDI drive is installed and coexists in the same system as the SCSI controller. If this is the case, set CMOS to the drive type used by the IDE, MFM, or ESDI drive only. Leave additional drive types set to "not installed" . SCSI controllers interrogate the SCSI bus and add drive types when the system is first powered up. Nearly all ESDI controllers require that CMOS be set to 'type 1'. These ESDI cards use an on board BIOS which automatically overrides the CMOS setting on power-up. The few ESDI controllers which don't use a BIOS ROM require that the CMOS type exactly match the physical parameters of the drive. These cards can only be used in systems that have a 'type 47' or userdefinable CMOS table or in conjunction with a program like SpeedStor or DiskManager. Compsurf Failure CMOS Drive Type Tables Matching CMOS tables for IDE Drives If you are having problems installing a drive which is not listed in your CMOS drive type table, remember that the CMOS type does not need to exactly match the physical parameters of the drive. Modem IDE drives automatically 'translate' to match the physical parameters of the drive to match the logical parameters you select in CMOS. That's why there are two sets of parameters listed in the drive parameters section. Selecting any CMOS drive type which has an identical or lesser formatted capacity than the capacity of the drive will work. IDE translation modes are also used to bypass the DOS 1024 cylinder limitation (see the IDE installation section for more information). If you are installing a high capacity IDE drive in an older system that doesn't have any high capacity drives listed in the CMOS type table, © CSC 1994 Early versions of Novell Netware build the file server operating system during installation by linking a series of object files together to form the Netware 'kernel'. Most installation problems with Netware result from incorrectly installed drivers. The Netware installation process is detailed and complicated. Follow the installation instructions exactly to avoid link problems. If you are running IDE drives with early versions of Netware, be sure to enable translation to keep the logical number ofcylinders below 1024. Early versions ofNovell will truncate any additional cylinders. Watch for potential conflicts between interrupts. Most SCSI cards use IRQ14 or IRQI5, and several network cards use them as well. Under Novell, each card must have its own interrupt level. DOS does not require interrupts, and many SCSI cards do not provide them in the default configurations. Ifyour SCSI controller works under DOS, but not Netware, check the interrupts. Hard Drive Bible 61 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 In Netware 386, the drivers are composed of 'NLM's' or Netware Loadable Modules. NLM's are loaded after the file server is up and running. If a driver is not properly configured for Netware 386, the file server will often 'lock up' when the driver is loaded. If this happens, check the software installation and make sure the driver configuration matches your hardware. DOS Partitioning The 1024 cylinder barrier is the most common cause of DOS partitioning problems. Most versions of DOS only support 1024 cylinders. To keep the number of cylinders seen by DOS under 1024, do one of the following: If you are using an IDE drive, enable translation and increase the number of heads of sectors per track to reduce the cylinder count. If you are using an ESDI drive, enable the "63 sector" or "head mapping" mode to enable controller translation. If you don't have translation available, the only way to access cylinders above 1024 is by making a boot partition within the first 1024 cylinders, and loading an extended partition driver from within the boot partition. The 32 Megabyte partition barrier can also be a problem with old versions ofDOS . Versions ofMS-DOS earlier than 3.3 and Compaq DOS earlier than 3.21 lack the ability to access partitions larger than 32 megabytes. To bypass this, a driver like SpeedStor or Disk Manager is required. The driver file must be installed in CONFIG.SYS before the any extended partitions can be accessed. DOS 2.0GB Limit Yes, there is a partition size limit under DOS. It is 2048MB per partition. If this becomes an issue, consider a different operating system like Windows NTtm or OS/ 2' s high performance file system. Although DOS could theorically be made to work on larger drives, it's not a great idea. The efficiency of DOS when storing small files on large drives is poor because the DOS cluster size increases as drive's capacity increases. 62 Hard Drive Bible Drive Selects Many manufacturers label the drive select jumpers on drives like this: 0,1,2,3. Others label the same select jumpers 1,2,3,4. The correct jumper depends on the position of the drive in the system, the type of cable you are using, and the way the jumpers are labeled. See the Installation section for more details. Drive Won't Spin This is frequently caused by reversed cables in SCSI and IDE installations. Check pin 1 orientation and don't forget to plug a system power cable into the drive! "No-spins" are also often caused by a power problem (see below). ED Floppy Support Most existing PC controllers do not yet support the new IBM standard 2.88MB floppy drives. Although many manufacturers advertise the floppy controller section of their boards as "supports IMHz data rate", the new 2.88 drives use perpendicular recording which requires special write gate timing. Many controllers which support IMHz data transfer rates only operate at the higher rate with "floppy tape" drives. If you are having problems with an ED drive with a "IMHz" floppy controller, consult the controller manufacturer to make sure the board you have is 2.88 compatible. ESDI Sector Sparing Many ESDI controllers offer optional "sector sparing". Sector sparing should be enabled if the drive has any significant number of defects or if the operating system you are using can not tolerate defects. Sector sparing reduces the formatted capacity ofthe drive slightly but increases the overall reliability significantly. When sector sparing is enabled, the controller can reallocate defects "on the fly". Use sector sparing when ever possible. IDE Cabling Since IDE cables carry data at full motherboard bus bandwidth, they must be kept as short as possible. Cables over 18" can cause problems in most installations. The shorter the better. © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 IDE Master/Slave Unfortunately, not all IDE drives are created equally. Many IDE drives will not peacefully coexist in the Master/Slave configuration with drives from other manufacturers. See the hardware compatibility section for advice. Incorrect Drive Parameters If you are having problems with an IDE, SCSI or ESDI drive installation, make sure that the CMOS settings exactly match your drive's physical or logical parameters. Some ESDI controllers reserve one cylinder of the drive for storing configuration information. only available from the controller manufacturer. An exception to this are CSC's AK-47 and FC-64 boards which support 7 SCSI and 4 floppy drives without any drivers. No BIOS sign-on banner This is one of the most common installation problems. Check to see that your controller card BIOS does not overlap the memory areas used by other cards. In particular, watch for VGA and network cards. If you still don't get a banner, check extended setup and make sure that the shadow RAM is disabled in the address range occupied by the controller BIOS. Partition can't be removed Interrupts and DMA channels Most controllers running under DOS do not require interrupts. All UNIX and Novell applications require controller interrupts for acceptable performance. If you suspect an interrupt or DMA channel conflict, check the hardware reference manuals for your installed hardware. The most common controller conflicts seem to be with network cards and scanner interface boards. Long Boot Time Most SCSI controllers must scan the bus and "interrogate" each SCSI device before booting. This process is long and tedious but occurs only on initial power-up or hardware reset. There is really no way around this with most controllers. Long Format Time Depending on the drive and system, a high level format may take up to 15 seconds per cylinder. When the drive steps between cylinders, an audible "click" can usually be heard. If the drive is stepping, be patient and wait for the format to complete. If you are attempting to format an MFM, RLL, or ESDI drive and the drive isn't stepping, check for a reversed 20 pin cable. If a drive is formatted with a 'non-dos' partition, FDISK will not delete it. The only solution is to erase the partition sector with a sector editor or low-level format. Older versions of DOS (i.e. 3.3) will not delete the larger partitions used by newer versions of DOS (i.e. 6.0). Later versions of DOS (i.e. DOS 6.0) will delete partitions created in earlier (i.e. DOS 3.3) versions ofDOS. If a low level format is not in order, a program called "Bootwipe" is available from the CSC BBS at (408) 737-1823 to correct this. Power Supply Power supply problems frequently crop up in new drive installations. Most hard disk drives require 5 volts +5% and 12 volts +5% at the drive connector. The power supplied to the drive must be clean and well regulated. All modern hard drives include circuitry which monitors the power supply voltages and shuts down the write circuitry if the input power is too far out of range. Many drives won't even spin up if the power supply is too far off. If you suspect a power supply problem, check the voltages at the drive power supply connector while the drive spins up to speed and seeks. +'I~NSTALLATIDN ~CAUTIDN! Multiple Drive Support Under DOS SCSI Cabling Most controllers support only 2 hard drives under DOS. To support additional drives, a software driver is required. If a driver for more drives exists, it is normally SCSI cables MUST be shielded for reliable operation. Many newer SCSI cables have individually twisted pairs for each signal line. If you can afford it, buy the © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 63 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 better quality twisted pair variety. Avoid completely unshielded SCSI cables at any cost. M., . , . .1...1In'ALLATION CAUTION! SCSIID's Thermal Problems Each device installed on the SCSI bus must have a unique and separate ID number. Most SCSI controllers use ID #7, leaving the ID numbers between 0 and 6 available for disk drives. For reasons unknown, some PC based tape drive software requires ID#7. If you have multiple DASD drives installed, most PC controllers will scan and boot from the lowest SCSI ID number. Exceptions to this are the Adaptec 1540 series which only boots from ID#O and the CSC FlashCache™64 which can be programmed to boot from any device. Thermal problems are common in multiple hard drive installations and in situations where a hard or optical drive is not adequately cooled. Drives are mechanical devices and heat is their worst enemy. As temperatures increase in a drive, the motor and bearings are subject to increased wear. Always make sure a hard drive has a continuous flow of cooling air and adequate ventilation around it. SCSI Termination Twisted floppy and hard drive ribbon cables look suspiciously similar. Floppy cables have seven twisted conductors, and hard drive cables have five. Check the diagram in the previous chapter for a quick identification. A SCSI bus must be terminated at each physical end of the SCSI chain. Only two terminators per bus can be used. The devices at the physical ends of the cable must have terminators. All other devices on the SCSI chain (including the controller ifit is not at the end ofthe chain) must have their terminators removed. If you are using external and internal SCSI devices on a PC controller, remove the terminators from the controller card. Shadow RAM System memory should not be used to shadow controllers which are memory mapped. Controllers which are I/O mapped (i.e. ESDI cards) should be shadowed. System ROM should always be shadowed for performance. Won't Boot m..o.s1 If your system has been formatted and won't boot DOS, check to see that the boot partition has been marked active in FDISK. Also make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Won't Boot (ESDI) Improper BIOS base address (see above) For new ESDI installations, make sure that translation and sparing modes have been set correctly. Also make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make sure the boot partition is marked active. Interrupt conflicts (see above) Won't Boot (IDE) Bus compatibility jumper (try it both ways) If you can use your IDE drive when booting from floppy but are unable to boot directly from the hard drive, check to see if your IDE drive requires "buffered interrupts". Ifit does, you may need to change ajumper on the controller card. Also make sure that the system (hidden) System Hangs On Power Up The following are common installation errors which cause the system to hang on power up: Reversed SCSI Cable (causes termination power short circuit) 64 Twisted Data Cables Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make sure the boot partition is marked active. Verify that the Master/Slave jumpers are correct. Ifyour drive was booting on an older motherboard, but won't boot on a new one, check to see that the CMOS settings are identical. Won't Boot (SCSI} Check for unshielded cables and termination (described above). If you are using a hard drive that has a SCSI mode jumper, try it set both ways. Also make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make sure the boot partition is marked active. COMMON ERROR MESSAGES 1790/1791 Errors 1790 is the most common error message encountered in drive installations. A 1790 error will result when a controller has been installed, but the attached drive is not formatted. 1791 is the same message but refers to the second hard drive. Attempting to recover allocation unit XXX This message appears in high level format when DOS detects a data verification error. If you are using an IDE or SCSI drive, you shouldn't see this message since the drive's embedded controller should mask out most errors before DOS is aware of them. If you see this message in an IDE or SCSI installation, check for a hardware installation problem. If you see this message in an ESDI installation, make sure the controller is able to read the drive's defect map, and be sure you have enabled sector sparing. c: Drive Failure or Drive C: Error a "not-ready" error from the disk subsystem or an unformatted drive. Check cabling and master/slave jumpers on new installations. Error Reading Fixed Disk If you have successfully low-level formatted your drive and you encounter this message from FDISK, the system is unable to verify the partition sector. This is usually caused by a hardware problem, typically cabling or termination. HOD Controller Failure This message is usually caused by incorrect hardware installation. Check cabling, jumpers and termination. This message will appear if you install a SCSI controller without setting CMOS to "no drive installed". You will also get this message if you have an IDE drive set for slave operation and there is no master drive in the system. Insert Disk For Drive C: This message is caused by incorrect software driver installation. This can happen when DRIVER.SYS is used to add extended floppy drives and the command line switches are incorrect. It also appears when extended partition driver software is incorrectly installed. Invalid Media Type You have probably seen this message when formatting floppy disks ofthe wrong density. It is also generated on hard disks when newer versions of DOS utilities are used on older DOS partitions. For example, a DOS 6.0 CHKDSK of a DOS 3.2 disk causes it. Avoid mixing DOS versions. No Fixed Disk Present This message is produced by FDISK when it is unable to locate a drive through BIOS. Check hardware installation, particularly cabling, termination, and BIOS base address. No Partitions Defined This is a generic error message produced by the motherboard BIOS on power-up. It is usually caused by © CSC 1994 This FDISK message is normal for a disk which has Hard Drive Bible 65 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 just been formatted. Be sure to set the bootable partition to "active" after creating it with FDISK. see if your IDE drive requires "buffered interrupts". Ifit does, you may need to change a jumper on the controller card. No ROM Basic The motherboard BIOS displays this message when it is unable to locate a boot device. In IDE or ESDI installations, this message is usually caused by an incorrect CMOS drive type setting. Most SCSI controllers require CMOS be set to "No drive Installed" or type O. If this error appears in a SCSI isntallation, check cabling, termination, and the partition sector using FDISK. Most ESDI controllers require that CMOS be set to type 1 for each drive installed. If this message occurs in an ESDI installation, CMOS may be accidently set to zero. Also make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make sure the boot partition is marked active. Non System Disk or Disk Error Make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of the hidden files. Check termination in SCSI installations. No SCSI Devices Found If no SCSI devices appear in the bus scan, check SCSI cabling, termination, and make sure that no two SCSI devices are sharing the same ID number. Make sure that no devices are using ID #7. ID#7 is generally reserved for the SCSI controller card. Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable This fatal data error often indicates a bad drive, although it can also be caused by improper termination. Unable to Access Fixed Disk This FDISK message is caused by an error reported by BIOS during an attempt to read the drive. Check termination and cabling. When booting from floppy but are unable to boot directly from the hard drive, check to 66 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 DniversallDE Parameters All newer IDE drives will accept any CMOS parameters which result in a total number ofLogical Blocks (LBA' s) which are equal to or less than the capacity ofthe drive. You can calculate any IDE drive's maximum LBA's by taking the total capacity of the drive and dividing it by 512. As long as the product of heads, cylinders, and sectors per track are less than the number LBA's, and within the range of the BIOS, your parameters will work. If you don't know what the manufactur- ers recommended parameters are, or if you don't have the time or inclination to calculate them, feel free to use the table below. Note that the location ofthe DOS partition sector on a drive is determined by the sectors per track used to format the drive. If you are moving a drive from one system to another, you will need to match the number of sectors per track originally used to format the drive in order for DOS to recognize all the partitions on the drive. Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders No of SectorslTrack 10 15 20 30 40 42 60 80 84 100 105 120 170 200 210 213 240 252 300 320 330 340 380 400 420 450 528 4 4 4 4 6 6 8 10 10 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 306 430 614 862 766 804 862 919 965 718 754 862 329 388 407 413 465 488 581 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 16 620 63 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 639 659 736 775 814 872 1024 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 Universal IDE Parameters © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 67 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 68 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Macintosh Drive Installation No hard drive technical manual would be complete without instructions for drive installation on the Apple Macintosh™. Internal and external SCSI drives are relatively easy to connect to the Mac, provided you pay proper attention to cabling, termination, SCSI ID, and driver installation. As described in earlier chapters, the SCSI bus uses "daisy chain" cabling with dual ended termination. This means that each device must be connected in series using a continuous ribbon cable or a series of "daisy chained" external SCSI cables. The Macintosh uses a DB-25 connector as its external SCSI port. Most computer stores offer cables which connect the Macintosh to Centronics 50-pin and other industry standard connectors. If you are unable to locate the cable you need locally, CSC can supply you with good quality cables at a reasonable price. Avoid using "T" type cables for SCSI connections. These cables cause noise and ringing which can result in unreliable operation. Correct termination is critical for any SCSI installation. Every SCSI installation must use a total of two terminating resistors, no more and no less. A Macintosh with one internal hard drive usually has two internal terminators. To add an external SCSI drive or other SCSI device, frrst remove the terminator from the Macintosh internal hard drive and then add a terminator to the last device installed at the end of the external SCSI cable. If several devices are installed, connect the terminator to the last device of the chain only. Remember not to use more than two terminators total (internal and external). The Macintosh CPU itself is always SCSI ID number 7 and the internal hard drive should always be set to SCSI ID number 0, for reliable operation. The other external devices can be set to any other ID numbers, 1 though 6, as long as the number is not duplicated on the SCSI chain. Duplicate ID numbers will cause the Macintosh to hang on start-up. Always power up all external SCSI peripherals before switching the Macintosh on. Allow a few seconds for the attached drives to spin-up before turning on the Macintosh. SCSI devices which are attached but switched © CSC 1994 off can hang the SCSI bus and prevent drive operation or cause unreliable data transfer. To maintain compatibility with your installed software, it is important that you install YOUR version ofthe Macintosh system and finder to any new hard drives, if you intend to boot from that drive. Chances are that the preformatted Macintosh drive you received will have a system and finder installed into the System Folder on the disk. If you have a System Folder installed already, or wish to update the System Folder, you must throw out all of the System Folders, EXCEPT ONE. There must be one and only one System Folder, with a System File and corresponding Finder File, on the entire SCSI chain. The extra System Files will cause problems until they are removed. To remove a non-operating System Folder, place it in the Trash, and empty the Trash. To remove a operating System Folder, place it in the Trash, reboot from a bootable floppy, and then empty the Trash. Using more than one System Folder will cause erratic software crashes and "system bombs". Most Mac users install the latest version of the System Folder onto the internal hard drive, and place large application and other files onto the external drive(s). To link the applications to the desktop, aliases of the various applications are created and then saved in the Apple Menu for easy and rapid access. This frees up the internal drive space to allow more working area. To format a hard drive, you may use a third party formatting software or the Apple Hard Drive Tool Kit software, which is included with the System Installation Disks, but must be installed separately. This software is not installed automatically with the System in normal installation procedures. When reformatting your external hard drive, we recommend an interleave of 1: 1 for Macintosh lIar faster computers and 2: 1 for older 68000 based computers like the Macintosh Plus, Macintosh SE and Macintosh Classic. The Apple HFS (Hierarchal File System) can easily loose data if files are not properly closed. For this reason, it is important to back up all files as often as possible. Shut off the system power only after using the Finder "Shut-Down" option. If files are accidentally damaged Hard Drive Bible 69 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 due to a power failure or accidental shut down, the desktop file on your hard drive may need to be rebuilt. To rebuild the desktop, shut off power to the Macintosh. Then restart the system holding down both the Command and Option keys while you tum on the hard drive and then the Macintosh. The message "Are you sure you want the desktop rebuilt?" will appear. This message will be repeated for each device connected to the Macintosh. Rebuilding an undamaged desktop will cause no harm, so click "OK" and the desktop(s) will be rebuilt on all hard drives connected to the Macintosh. Most software problems with Macintosh drives are caused by driver con~icts or corrupted System and Finder files. Drivers are classified as Extensions, Control Panels, INITs, and Desk Accessories by the Macintosh. If your Macintosh hard drive was working correctly but suddenly refuses to boot, start while depressing the Shift key. This turns off all of the DRIVERS mentioned above. If the Macintosh successfully starts, you have a driver conflict. To remedy this, you must find the driver(s) which are causing the conflict. Third party software can supply several programs to do this. You can also place all of the drivers into a folder labeled Disabled Drivers, and reinstall them one at a time, until the conflicting software is found. If your multiple hard drive Macintosh system suddenly reports "Disk is unreadable, would you like to initialize?", the problem is most likely a software SCSI driver conflict. This message commonly occurs in systems with two or more hard drives which use different SCSI drivers. Verify that the drivers you are using for all of your hard drives are identical. If the drivers are not identical, the hard drive(s) will need to be reformatted with the same driver. Different versions of the same formatting software can cause this situation, so be sure that you are using the same version to format all of the devices. Almost all installation problems are caused by cabling, termination, or SCSI ID errors. Be certain of the cables and their orientation. Use only two terminators, one on the CPU and one on the final device on the SCSI chain. B.e sure that each device has a unique SCSI ID number. Please note that the physical placement of a device and its SCSI ID are not the same. A device can have the SCSI ID of 1, for example, and be in the final physical place in the SCSI chain. 70 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hard Drive List Listed in the following chapter are many common hard drives and their parameters. The capacities listed are in formatted megabytes (1,000,000 bytes), with 512 bytes per sector. Formatted capacities may vary slightly depending on how the drive is formatted (i.e., using sector sparing or 35/36 sectors per track). As you would expect, all older MFM drives have 17 sectors per track, and all RLL drives which use the ST-506 interface have 26 sectors per track. ESDI drives have 35, 36, 48, or 63 sectors per track. Access times listed are those published by the manufacturer. These advertised access times are often slightly lower than the average tested times. Drive information unavailable at the time of printing is entered as dashes (-). Landing Zone The landing zone, or "park cylinder" of a hard drive is a location to which the drive head carriage should be moved before the drive is transported. Older hard drives which use stepper motor actuators had to be manually parked before they were transported. This parking procedure moved the heads away from the data area of the disk and reduced the chance of data loss if the drive was bumped or jarred with the power off. All newer hard disk drives with voice coil actuators incorporate automatic parking mechanisms. These mechanisms are as simple as a spring and a small latch which move and lock the heads away from the data areas of the disk when power is removed. Because the manual landing zone is no longer used in modern drives, we have omitted it from the tables. If you have an older stepper motor type drive which does require manual parking, step the heads to the maximum cylinder + 1 before removing power from the drive. For example, ifyou have a ST-225 which has 615 cylinders, step to the 616th cylinder before power down if you intend to transport the drive. close to the center of the disk is shorter than the outer cylinders, the timing of data read changes. To compensate for the difference in read data timing between inner and outer tracks, several drives use "write precompensation" which alters the timing of data written to inner cylinders on the drive. All newer drives automatically generate "write precompensation" using intemallogic which senses the position of the head and adjusts the timing of write data accordingly. Older drives depend on the controller card to generate write precompensation. Since write precompensation is either handled internally or not used at all on newer hard drives the starting write precompensation cylinder is not as important as it once was. We have omitted write precomp information in the hard drive list to keep things simple. A valid write precompensation start cylinder for most older drives can be calculated by dividing the maximum cylinder number by two. CDC, Imprimis or Seagate? Control Data Corporation (CDC) was one of the first manufacturers of high performance 5.25" hard disk drives. CDC has over the years developed an excellent reputation for reliability. In 1987, Control Data Corporation named its disk drive division Imprimis. Recently, the CDC's Imprimis division was purchased by Seagate. If you are trying to locate an Imprimis drive, please check both the Seagate and CDC sections. Miniscribe or Manor Colorado Miniscribes' management caused financial problems which eventually led to Maxtor Corporations acquisition in 1990. Miniscribe is now called Maxtor Colorado. Maxtor's management and expertise in high capacity drives has helped improve the Miniscribe product. If you are trying to locate an older Maxtor Colorado drive, also check in the Miniscribe section. Write Precomp Write precompensation is a technique which alters the timing of data written to a hard drive on particular cylinders. Since the track length of cylinders which are © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 71 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Table C - Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers Imprimis Seagate Imprimis Seagate Imprimis Seagate 94155-85 ST4085 94205-51 ST253 94351-200S ST1201NS 94155-86 ST4086 94205-77 ST279R 94351-230S ST1239NS 94155-96 ST4097 94211-106 ST2106N 94354-090 ST1090A 94155-135 ST4135R 94216-106 ST2106E 94354-111 ST1111A 94161-182 ST4182N 94221-125 ST2125N 94354-126 ST1126A 94166-182 ST4182E 94241-502 ST2502N 94354-133 ST1133A 94171-350 ST4350N 94244-274 ST2274A 94354-155 ST1156A 94171-376 ST4376N 94244-383 ST2383A 94354-160 ST1162A 94181-385H ST4385N 94246-182 ST2182E 94354-186 ST1186A 94181-702 ST4702N 94246-383 ST2383E 94354-200 ST1201A 94186-383 ST4383E 94351-090 ST1090N 94354-239 ST1239A 94186-383H ST4384E 94351-111 ST1111 N 94355-100 ST1100 94186-442 ST4442E 94351-126 ST1126N 94355-150 ST1150R 94191-766 ST4766N 94351-1338 ST1133NS 94356-155 8T1156E 94196-766 ST4766E 94351-155 8T1156N 94356-200 8T1201E 94204-65 8T274A 94351-155S 8T1156N8 94536-111 ST1111 E 94204-71 ST280A 94351-160 ST1162N 94601-12G/M ST41200N 94204-74 ST274A 94351-1868 8T1186N8 94601-767H ST4767N 94204-81 ST280A 94351-200 ST1201 N Table C - Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers 72 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Hard Drive Parameters ALPS Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor DRND-10A 10 2 615 17 60 MFM 3.50 HH DRND-20A 20 4 615 17 60 MFM 3.50 HH DRPO-20D 20 2 615 26 60 RLL 3.50 HH 106 2 2109 63 13 IDE 3.5 Model Number DR311C Translated Parameters: 13 Heads ,954 Cylinders DR311 D 63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 106 2 2109 63 13 SCSI 3.5 212 4 2109 63 13 IDE 3.5 DR312C 'Translated Parameters: 13·Heads 965 Cylinders. 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting .-~ DR312D 212 4 2109 63 13 SCSI 3.5 RPO-20A 20 2 615 26 60 RLL 3.50 HH AMPEX Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor PYXIS-7 5 2 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH PVXIS-13 10 4 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH PVXIS-20 15 6 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH PYXIS-27 20 8 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 73 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 AREAL Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 136 4 1024 60 15 AT-IDE 2.5 A 120 Translated Parameters: 81 4 8 Heads 548 Cylinders 1488 60 61 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 17 AT-IDE 2.50 A 180 Translated Parameters: 62 2 10 Heads 715 Cylinders 1024 60 50 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 19 AT-IDE 2.50 MD-2060 Translated Parameters: 80 2 2 Heads 1024 Cylinders 1323 60 60 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 19 AT-IDE 2.50 MD-2080 Translated Parameters: 85 2 9 Heads 1021 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 1410 59 19 IDE 2.5 2085 Translated Parameters: 100 2 10 Heads 976 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 1632 63 19 IDE 2.5 2100 Translated .Parameters: 12 Heads 957 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting AURA Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor AU63 63 2 1330 43 17 PCMCIA 1.8 AU126 125 4 1330 43 17 PCMCIA 1.8 Model Number 74 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 ATASI Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor AT-676 765 15 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-3020 17 3 645 17 38 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3033 28 5 645 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3046 39 7 645 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3051 43 7 704 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3051+ 44 7 733 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3053 44 7 733 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3075 67 8 1024 17 33 MFM 5.25 FH AT-3085 71 8 1024 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH AT-3128 109 8 1024 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH AT-6120 1051 15 1925 71 14 ESDI 5.25 FH BASF Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 6185 23 6 440 17 99 MFM 5.25 FH 6186 15 4 440 17 70 MFM 5.25 FH 6187 8 2 440 17 70 MFM 5.25 FH 6188-R1 10 2 612 17 70 MFM 5.25 FH 6188-R3 21 4 612 17 70 MFM 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 75 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 BRAND TECHNOLOGY Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 400 6 1800 72 12 AT or SCSI-2 3.50 HH BT3400 Translated Parameters: 15 Heads 650 10 1800 1021 Cylinders 36 51 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 12 BT 3650 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1017 Cylinders AT or SCSI-2 3.50 HH 78 SPT - This is your CMOS setting BT 8085 71 8 1024 17 25 MFM 5.25 FH BT 8128 109 8 1024 26 25 RLL 5.25 FH BT 8170 142 8 1024 36 36 ESDI 5.25 FH 150 7 1165 36 16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH BT 9170A ..... T~a.nslated Parameters:' 9 Heads 968 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is ·your CMOS setting BT 9170E 150 7 1166 36 16 ESDI 3.50 HH BT 9170S 150 7 1166 36 16 SCSI 3.50 HH 200 9 1209 36 16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH BT 9220A Translated Parameters: 76 12 Heads 968 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting BT 9220E 200 9 1210 36 16 ESDI 3.50 HH BT 9220S 200 9 1210 36 16 SCSI 3.50 HH Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 BULL Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 0-530 26 3 987 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH 0-550 43 5 987 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH 0-570 60 7 987 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH 0-585 71 7 1166 17 65 MFM/RLL 5.25 FH Model Number C. ITOH (also see Ve-Data) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor YO-3042 44 4 788 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH YO-3082 87 8 788 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH YO-3530 32 5 731 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH YD-3540 45 7 731 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH CARDIFF Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor F-3053 44 5 1024 17 20 MFM 3.50 HH F-3080E 68 5 1024 26 20 ESDI 3.50 HH F-3080S 68 5 1024 26 20 SCSI 3.50 HH F-3127E 109 5 1024 35 20 ESDI 3.50 HH F-3127S 109 5 1024 35 20 SCSI 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 77 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also see Seagate) 78 Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 94155-19 18 3 697 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-21 21 3 697 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-25 Wren I 24 4 697 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-28 24 4 697 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-36 Wren I 36 5 697 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-38 31 5 733 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-48 Wren II 40 5 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-51 Wren II 43 5 989 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-57 Wren II 48 6 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-67 Wren II 56 7 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-77 Wren II 64 8 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-85 Wren II 71 8 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-86 Wren II 72 9 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94155-96 Wren II 80 9 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also se Seagate) ~ Continued Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 94155-120 Wren II 102 8 960 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH 94155-135 Wren II 115 9 960 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH 94156-48 Wren II 40 5 925 17 28 ESDI 5.25 FH 94156-67 Wren II 56 7 925 17 28 ESDI 5.25 FH 94156-86 Wren II 72 9 925 17 28 ESDI 5.25 FH 94161-86 Wren III 86 9 969 26 17 SCSI 5.25 FH 94161-101 Wren III 86 5 969 26 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94161-121 Wren III 120 7 969 26 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94161-141 Wren III 140 7 969 26 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94161-155 150 9 969 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94161-182 Wren III 155 9 969 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94166-101 Wren III 84 5 969 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 94166-141 Wren III 118 7 969 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 94166-182 Wren III 152 9 969 34 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 94171-300 288 9 1365 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 94171-344 335 9 1549 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 79 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 CDC (also see Seagate) ,.. CONTINUED Model Number 80 Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 94171-350 Wren IV 300 9 1412 46 17 SCSI 5.25 FH 94171-375 Wren V 375 9 1549 35 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94171-376 Wren IV 330 9 1546 45 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 94181-385D 337 15 791 36 11 SCSI 5.25 FH 94181-385H Runner 330 15 791 55 11 SCSI 5.25 FH 94181-574 Wren V 574 15 1549 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94181-702 Wren V 601 15 1546 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94181-702M Wren V 613 15 1549 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94186-265 Wren V 221 9 1412 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-324 Wren V 270 11 1412 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-383 Wren V 319 13 1412 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-383H Wren V 319 15 1224 34 15 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-383S Wren V 338 13 1412 36 19 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-442 Wren V 368 15 1412 34 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 94186-442H Wren V 368 15 1412 34 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 94191-766 Wren VI 676 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 CDC (also see Seagate) - CONTINUED Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 94191-766M Wren VI 676 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94196-383 Wren VI 338 13 1412 34 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 94196-766 Wren VI 664 15 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 94204-65 65 5 948 26 29 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 71 5 1032 26 29 AT-IDE 5.25 HH Model Number 94204-71 Translate,d Parameters: 5 Heads 94204-74 Wren II 94204-81 Wren II 65 5 5 26 948 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 71 989 Cylinders 933 Cylinders 1032 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 26 1024 Cylinders 27 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 29 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 28 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 27 SPT- This is your CMOS setting 94205-30 Wren II 25 3 989 26 28 RLL 5.25HH 94205-41 Wren II 38 3 989 26 28 RLL 5.25 HH 94205-51 Wren II 43 5 989 26 28 RLL 5.25 HH 94205-77 65 5 989 26 28 RLL 5.25 HH 60 5 989 26 30 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 94205-75 Wren II Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 989 Cylinders 26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 94211-91 Wren II 91 5 969 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 94211-106 Wren III 91 5 1022 26 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 94211-209 Wren V 142 5 1547 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 94216-106 Wren III 89 5 1024 34 18 ESDI 5.25 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 81 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also see Seagate) Model Number ~ Continued Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 94221-125 Wren V 107 3 1544 36 18 SCSI 5.25 HH 94221-190 Wren V 190 5 1547 36 18 SCSI 5.25 HH 94221-209 Wren V 183 5 1544 36 18 SCSI 5.25 HH 94241-383 Wren VI 338 7 1261 36 14 SCSI 5.25 HH 94241-502 Wren VI 435 7 1755 69 16 SCSI 5.25 HH 191 4 1747 54 16 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 94244-219 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 94244-274 Wren VI 94244-383 Wren VI 4 1747 Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 338 7 1747 54 983 Cylinders 54 Translated Parameters: 11 Heads 952 Cylinders 44 SPT - Thisis.your CMOS setting. 16 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting. 16 AT-IDE 5.25 HH 63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting. 94246-182 Wren VI 160 4 1453 54 15 ESDI 5.25 HH 94246-383 Wren VI 338 7 1747 54 15 ESDI 5.25 HH 94295-51 43 5 989 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 94311-136S Swift SL 120 5 1068 36 15 SCSI-2 3.503H 120 5 1068 36 15 AT-IDE 3.503H 94314-136 Swift SL 94316-111 Swift 82 191 536 Cylinders Hard Drive Bible Translated Parameters: 98 5 11 Heads 1072 917 Cylinders 36 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting. 23 ESDI 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (alsp see Seagate) - Continued Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 94316-136 Swift SL 120 5 1268 36 15 ESDI 3.503H 94316-155 Swift 138 7 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH 94316-200 Swift 177 9 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH 94335-55 46 5 1268 17 25 MFM 3.50 HH 94335-100 83 9 1268 17 25 MFM 3.50 HH 94351-90 79 5 1068 29 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-111 Swift 98 5 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-126 Swift 111 7 1068 29 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-128 111 7 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-133 Swift 116 7 1268 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-133S Swift 116 5 1268 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 94351-134 117 7 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-155 Swift 138 7 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-155S Swift 138 7 1068 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 94351-160 Swift 142 9 1068 29 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-172 150 9 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-186S Swift 163 7 1268 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH Model Number © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 83 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also see Seagate) Model Number Continued Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 94351-200 Swift 177 9 1068 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-200S Swift 177 9 1068 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 94351-230 Swift 210 9 1272 36 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 94351-230S Swift 210 9 1268 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 79 5 1072 29 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 94354-90 Swift 94354-111 Swift 94354-126 Swift 94354-133 Swift 94354-155 Swift 94354-160 Swift 94354-186 Swift 94354-200 Swift 84 ~ Hard Drive Bible Translated Parameters: 98 5 10 Heads 536 Cylinders 29 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 1072 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 10 Headsi ·1024 Cylinders 17SPT-ThisisyourC~OSsetting 111 7 1072 29 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 984 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 117 5 1272 Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 138 7 1072 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 961 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 993 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting 143 9 1072 29 Translated Parameters: 9 Heads 942 Cylinders 164 7 1272 Translated Parameters: 10 Heads 177 9 1072 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 971 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH I.Translated Parameters: 11 Heads 956 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also see Seagate) - Continued Model Number 94354-230 Swift Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 211 9 1272 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 989 Cylinders 35 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 94355-55 Swift 46 5 1072 17 16 MFM 3.50 HH 94355-100 Swift 83 9 1072 17 15 MFM 3.50 HH 94355-150 Swift 128 9 1072 26 15 RLL 3.50 HH 94356-111 Swift 98 5 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH 94356-155 Swift 138 7 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH 94356-200 Swift 171 9 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH 94601-12G/M 1037 15 1931 VAR 15 SCSI 5.25 FH 94601-767H 665 15 1356 64 12 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 94601-767M 676 15 1508 54 12 SCSI 5.25 FH 97155-36 30 5 733 17 28 MFM 8.00 9720-1123 SABRE 964 19 1610 VAR 15 SMD 8.00 9720-1230 SABRE 1236 15 1635 VAR 15 SMD SCSI 8.00 9720-2270 SABRE 1948 19 2551 VAR 12 SMD 8.00 9720-2500 SABRE 2145 19 2220 VAR 12 SMD SCSI 8.00 9720-368 SABRE 368 10 1635 VAR 18 SMD SCSI 8.00 © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 85 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC (also see Seagate) ,ow Continued Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 9720-500 SABRE 500 10 1217 VAR 18 SMD SCSI 8.00 9720-736 SABRE 741 15 1217 VAR 15 SMC SCSI 8.00 9720-850 SABRE 851 15 1635 VAR 15 SMD SCSI 8.00 97229-1150 990 19 1784 VAR 15 IPI-2 8.00 97500-12G 1050 17 1884 VAR 15 IPI-2 5.25 FH 97500-15G Elite 1285 17 1991 VAR 16 SCSI-2 5.25 FH BJ7D5A 77731608 29 5 670 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH BJ7D5A 77731613 33 5 733 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH BJ7D5A 77731614 23 4 670 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH CENTURY DATA 86 Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor CAST 10203E 55 3 1050 35 28 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 10203S 55 3 1050 35 28 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 10304E 75 4 1050 35 28 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 10304S 75 4 1050 35 28 SCSI 5.25 FH Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CENTURY DATA (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor CAST 10305E 94 5 1050 35 28 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 10305S 94 5 1050 35 28 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 14404E 114 4 1590 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 14404S 114 4 1590 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 14405E 140 5 1590 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 14405S 140 5 1590 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 14406E 170 6 1590 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 14406S 170 6 1590 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 24509E 258 9 1599 35 18 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 24509S 258 9 1599 35 18 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 24611E 315 11 1599 35 18 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 24611S 315 11 1599 35 18 SCSI 5.25 FH CAST 24713E 372 13 1599 35 18 ESDI 5.25 FH CAST 247138 372 13 1599 35 18 SCSI 5.25 FH © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 87 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 eMI 88 Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor CM 3206 10 4 306 17 99 MFM 5.25 FH CM 3426 20 4 615 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5018H 15 2 860 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5205 4 2 256 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5206 5 2 306 17 99 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5410 8 4 256 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5412 10 4 306 17 99 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5616 13 6 256 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5619 15 6 306 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH CM 5826 21 8 306 17 99 MFM 5.25 FH CM 6213 11 2 640 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH CM 6426 21 4 615 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH CM 64268 22 4 640 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH CM 6640 33 6 640 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH CM 7660 50 6 960 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH CM 7880 67 8 960 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CMS ENHANCEMENTS Model Number F115ESDI-T Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 114 7 915 35 30 ESDI 5.25 FH 150 9 969 34 17 IDE 5.25 FH F150AT-CA Translated Parameters: 150 7 9 Heads 986 Cylinders 1224 36 33 SPT - This.is your CMOS setting 17 IDE 5.25 FH F150AT-WCA Translated Parameters: 9 Heads 986 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting F150EQ-WCA 150 7 1224 36 17 ESDI 5.25 FH F320AT-CA 320 15 1224 36 15 ESDI 5.25 FH F70ESDI-T 73 2 1224 36 30 ESDI 5.25 FH H330E1 330 7 1780 54 14 ESDI 5.25 FH H340E1 340 7 1780 54 14 ESDI 5.25 FH PS Express 150 150 7 1224 36 17 ESDI 5.25 FH PS Express 320 320 15 1224 36 15 ESDI 5.25 FH COGITO Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor CG-906 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH CG-912 11 4 306 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH CG-925 21 4 612 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH PT-912 11 2 612 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH PT-925 21 4 612 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 89 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CONNER Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor CP-340 42 4 788 26 29 SCSI 3.50 HH 40 4 805 26 29 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-342 Translated Parameters: 43 4 4 Heads 788 805 Cylinders 26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 26 29 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-344 Translated Parameters: CP-2020 CP-2024 KATO CP-2064 PANCHO CP-2084 PANCHO 788 Cylinders 26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 21 2 642 32 23 SCSI 3.50 HH 21 2 653 32 40 AT/XT IDE 2.50 HH Translated Parameters: CP-2034 PANCHO 4 Heads 32 2 Translated Parameters: 64 4 Translated Parameters: 85 8 Translated Parameters: 215 8 2 Heads 823 2 Heads 823 4 Heads 548 8 Heads 1348 653 Cylinders 32 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 38 19 AT-IDE 2.50 HH 823 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 38 19 AT-IDE 2.50 HH 823 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 38 19 AT-IDE 2.50 HH 548 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 39 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-2304 Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 43 5 976 989 Cylinders 35 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 17 27 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3000 Translated Parameters: 5 Heads CP-3020 988 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 21 2 622 33 27 SCSI 3.50 HH 21 2 622 33 27 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3022 Translated Parameters: 2 Heads 90 Hard Drive Bible 622 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CONNER Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 22 2 636 33 27 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3024 Translated Parameters: 2 Heads CP-3040 636 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 42 2 1026 40 25 SCSI 3.50 HH 43 2 1047 40 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3044 Translated Parameters: 5 Heads CP-3100 988 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 105 8 776 33 25 SCSI 3.50 HH 104 8 776 33 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3102 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 105 8 776 776 Cylinders 33 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3104 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 112 8 832 776 Cylinders 33 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3111 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 112 8 832 832 Cylinders 33 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3114 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads CP-3180 832 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 84 6 832 33 25 SCSI 3.50 HH 84 6 832 33 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3184 Translated Parameters: 6 Heads CP-3200/F 832 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 213 8 1366 38 19/16 SCSI 3.50 HH 213 16 683 38 19/16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3204/F Translated Parameters: 213 4 6 Heads 683 Cylinders 1366 38 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 16 MCA 3.50 HH CP-3209F Translated Parameters: 340 8 6 Heads 1806 683 Cylinders 46 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setti 16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3304 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads © CSC 1994 659 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting Hard Drive Bible 91 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CONNER (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor CP-3360 360 8 1806 49 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 360 8 1806 6349 12 PC/AT 3.50 HH CP-3364 Translated· Parameters: CP-3500 11 Heads 702 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting 510 12 1695 49 12 SCSI 3.50 HH 509 12 1695 49 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-3504 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 987 • •. Cylinders ··63SPT - '. This is your CMOS setting .... CP-3540 540 12 1806 49 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 540 12 1806 49 12 PC/AT 3.50 HH CP-3544 Translated Parameters: CP-4024 STUBBY CP-4044 STUBBY CP-30060 16 Heads .987 Cylinders 38SPT - This. is your CMOS setting 22 2 627 34 29 AT/XT-IDE 3.50 HH 43 2 1104 38 29 AT/XT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 7 Heads 699 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting 60 2 1524 39 19 SCSI 3.50 HH 61 2 1522 39 - AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-30064 Translated Parameters: 540 12 4 Heads 1806 762 Cylinders 49 39SPT - This..isyouf CMOS setting PC/AT 12 3.50 HH CP-3544 Translated Parameters: CP-3554 CP-4024 STUBBY CP-4044 STUBBY 92 Hard Drive Bible 16 Heads 987 Cylinders 38SPT - This is your CMOS setting 544 16 1054 63 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 22 2 627 34 29 AT/XT-IDE 3.50 HH ... Translated Parameters: 43 2 Translated Parameters: 2 Heads 1104 7 Heads 627 Cylinders 38 699 Cylinders 34SPT 50 17 SPT - Thisis your CMOS settin~ AT/XT-IDE - 3.50 HH This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 CONNER (Continued) Model Number CP-30060 Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 60 2 1524 39 19 SCSI 3.50 HH 61 2 1522 39 14 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-30064 Translated Parameters: CP-30080E 4 Heads 762 Cylinders 39SPT - This is our CMOS setting 85 2 1806 47 17 PC/AT,SCSI 3.50 HH 84 4 1053 39 17 SCSI 3.50 HH CP-30080 Translated Parameters: 84 4 8 Heads 1058 529 Cylinders 39 39SPT - This is our CMOS setting 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-30084 Translated Parameters: 85 4 8 Heads 903 529 Cylinder$ 46 39SPT - This is our CMOS setting 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-30084E Translated Parameters: CP-30100 HOPI CP-30104 H Allegheny CP-30104 HOPI CP-30109 HOPI 8 Heads .q29, Gylind,~r~ 39SPT - This is our CMOS setting 120 4 1522 39 19 SCSI 3.50 HH 120 4 1522 39 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 120 4 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 1522 8 Heads 762.Cylinders 39 762 Cylinders 39SPT - This is our CMOS setting AT-IDE 19 39SPT - 3.50 HH This is our CMOS setting 120 4 1522 39 19 MCA 3.50 HH 170 4 1806 46 17 AT - IDE 3.50 HH CP-30170E Translated Parameters: CP-30200 11 H.eads 941 Cylinders 33SPT - This is our CMOS setting 212 4 2119 49 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 213 4 2119 49 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH CP-30204 Translated Parameters: © CSC 1994 16 Heads 683',Cylinders 38SPT - This is our CMOS setting Hard Drive Bible 93 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CONNER (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 251 4 1984 62 12 PC/AT 3.50 HH CP-30254 Translated Parameters: CP-30340 4 Heads 990 Cylinders 33SPT - This is our CMOS setting 343 4 - - 13 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 343 4 1121 60 13 PC/AT 3.50 HH CP-30344 Translated Parameters: 11 Heads 966 Cylinders 63SPT - This is our CMOS setting CP-30540 545 6 1984 62 10 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH CP-31370 1,371.80 14 2694 63 10 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH CORE INTERNATIONAL Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor AT 30 31 5 733 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH AT30R 48 5 733 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH AT 32 31 5 733 17 21 MFM 5.25 HH AT32R 48 5 733 26 21 RLL 5.25 HH AT 40 40 5 924 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH AT40R 61 5 924 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH AT 63 42 5 988 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH AT63R 65 5 988 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH AT 72 72 9 924 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH AT72R 107 9 924 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH AT 150 150 8 1024 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH HC40 40 4 564 35 10 RLL 5.25 FH HC90 91 5 969 35 16 RLL 5.25 HH Model Number 94 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CORE INTERNATIONAL (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor HC 100F 101 - - - 9 ESDI 5.25 FH HC 150 156 9 969 35 16 RLL 5.25 FH HC 175 177 9 1072 35 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HC260 260 12 1212 35 25 RLL 5.25 FH HC310 311 12 1582 35 16 RLL 5.25 FH HC 315 340 8 1447 57 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HC380 383 15 1412 35 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HC650 658 15 1661 53 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HC 650S 663 14 1661 56 18 SCSI 5.25 FH HC655 680 16 1447 57 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HC 1000S 1200 16 1918 64 18 SCSI 5.25 FH OPTIMA 30 31 5 733 17 21 MFM 5.25 HH OPTIMA30R 48 5 733 26 21 RLL 5.25 HH OPTIMA 40 41 5 963 17 26 MFM 5.25 HH OPTIMA40R 64 5 963 26 26 RLL 5.25 HH OPTIMA 70 71 9 918 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH OPTIMA 70R 109 9 918 26 26 RLL 5.25 FH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 95 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 21 2 653 32 23 XT/AT IDE 2.5 HH GO 2024 Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 40 615 Cylinders - This is your CMOS setting .... AT-IDE 19 38 552 4 17 SPT 2.5 HH GO 2044 60 This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 19 38 823 4 - 17 SPT 980 Cylinders Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 2.5 HH GO 2061 Translated. Parameters: 4 Heads 823 Cylinders 60 AT -IDE 19 38 823 4 38 SPT - This is your,CMOSsetting 2.5HH GO 2064 Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 823 Cylinders 85 4 1097 38SPT - This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 19 38 2.5HH GO 2081 976 Cylinders Translated Parameters: 10 Heads 85 4 1097 17SPT 38 - 19 This is your CMOS settrng AT-IDE 2.5HH GO 2084 Translated Parameters: 10 Heads 976 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting ....... 121 4 1097 38 19 AT-IDE 2.5HH GD 2088 Translated Parameters: 10 Heads 120 4 976 Cylinders 1123 53 17 SPT - 17 This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 2.5HH GD 2121 Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 120 4 992 Cylinders 1123 53 17SPT - 19 This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 2.5HH GD 2124 Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 252 6 992 Cylinders 1339 47 17 SPT - 12 This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 2.5HH GD 2254 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 42 2 489 Cylinders 1045 40 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 19 3.5HH GD 30001 A Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 96 Hard Drive Bible 980 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued) Model Number GD 30080E Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 80 4 1053 39 15 SCSI 3.5 HH 85 4 1053 39 19 AT-IDE 3.5 HH GO 30084E Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 80 2 526 Cylinders 1806 39 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 46 19 AT-IDE 3.5 HH GO 30085E Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 903 Cylinders 80 2 1806 46 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 46 19 AT - IDE 3.5HH GD 30087 Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 903 Cylinders GD 30100 46 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 121 4 1522 39 19 SCSI-II 3.5HH 121 4 1524 39 19 AT-IDE 3.5HH GD 301000 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 170 4 762 Cylinders 1806 46 39 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 15 AT-IDE 3.5HH GO 30174E Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 170 2 903 Cylinders 2116 63 46SPT - This is your CMOS setting 19 AT-IDE 3.5HH GO 30175E Translated Parameters: 8 Heads GO 30200 904 Cylinders 46SPT - This is your CMOS setting 212 4 2119 49 12 SCSI-II 3.5HH 212 4 2119 49 12 AT-IDE 3.5HH GO 30204 Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 213 4 2119 989 Cylinders 49 35SPT - This is your CMOS setting 14 AT-IDE 3.5HH GO 30214 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 251 4 1895 685 Cylinders 62 38SPT - This is your CMOS setting 15 AT-IDE 3.5HH GO 30254 Translated Parameters: 10 Heads GD 30270 © CSC 1994 270 16 524 895 Cylinders 63 55SPT - This is your CMOS setting 10 SCSI-II 3.5HH Hard Drive Bible 97 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 330 4 2116 63 12 AT-IDE 3.5 HH GD 30344 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads GD 3040A 904 Cylinders - 46SPT This is your CMOS setting 42 2 1026 40 25 SCSI-34 3.5 HH 42 2 1047 40 25 AT -IDE 3.5HH GD 3044 Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 988 Cylinders 42 2 1047 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 25 40 3.5HH GD 3045 Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 977 Cylinders GD 30540 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 545 6 2243 60 10 SCSI-II 3.5HH 540 6 2249 59 12 AT-IDE 3.5HH GD 30544 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1023 Cylinders - 63SPT This is your CMOS setting GD 30548 540 6 2242 47 10 SCSI-II 3.5HH GD 31050 1037 8 2756 47 10 SCSI-II 3.5HH 112 8 832 33 15 AT-IDE 3.5HH GD 3114 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 832 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting GD 31370 1300 14 2387 37 10 SCSI-II 3.5HH GD 3200D 212 8 1366 38 15 SCSI 3.5HH GD 3200F 212 8 1366 38 15 SCSI 3.5HH GD 3300 340 8 1807 46 12 SCSI-II 3.5HH 85 8 1806 46 12 AT-IDE 3.5HH GD 3301 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads GD 3500 659 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting 510 12 1695 49 12 SCSI-II 3.5HH 510 12 1806 46 12 AT-IDE 3.5HH GD 3504 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 98 Hard Drive Bible 987 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 524 6 1053 63 12 AT-IDE 3.5 HH GD 3544 Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1023 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting GD 5500 510 16 1441 62 6 SCSI-II 3.5 HH PI-16E 1340 19 1772 77 15 ESDI 5.2 FH McHuge 334 20 1020 36 18 SCSI External McHuge II 641 15 1224 48 16 SCSI External DATA TECH MEMORIES Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor DTM-553 44 5 1024 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH DTM-853 44 8 640 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH DTM-885 71 8 1024 17 36 MFM 5.25 FH DISCTEC Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor RHD-20 21 2 615 34 23 AT-IDE 3.50 HH RHD-60 63 2 1024 60 22 AT-IDE 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 99 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734..3475 DISCTRON (also see Otari) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 0-503 3 2 153 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-504 4 2 215 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-506 5 4 153 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH D-507 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH D-509 8 4 215 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-512 11 8 153 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-513 11 6 215 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-514 11 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-518 15 8 215 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-519 16 6 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 0-526 21 8 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH Model Number DMA Model Number 306 Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 11 2 612 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH DTC Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor HF12 10 2 301 78 65 SCSI 5.25 HH HF24 20 2 506 78 60 SCSI 5.25 HH Model Number 100 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 ECOL.2 Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 50 1 1720 60 40 IDE 3.50 HH EC-50 Translated Parameters: 100 2 2 Heads 860 Cylinders 1720 60 - 60SPT 40 This is your CMOS setting IDE 3.50 HH EC-100 Translated Parameters: 100 1 2 Heads 1005 Cylinders 2300 85 - 17SPT 20 This is your CMOS setting IDE 3.50 HH EC3-100 Translated Parameters: 200 2 2 Heads 957 Cylinders 17 SPT 2300 85 - 20 This is your CMOS setting IDE 3.50 HH EC3-200 Translated Parameters: 2 Heads 986 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting ELCOH Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor DISCACHE 10 10 4 320 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH DISCACHE 20 20 8 320 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH Interface Form Factor Model Number EMULEX Avg Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT EMS/760 663 - - - 18 ESDI 5.25 ER2E/760 663 - - - 17 ESDI 5.25 ES36/760-1 663 - - - 17 ESDI 5.25 © CSC 1994 inms Hard Drive Bible 101 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 EPSON Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor HD850 11 4 306 17 99 MFM 5.25 HH HD860 21 4 612 17 99 MFM 5.25 HH ESPERT Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT 42 4 1040 27 Avg inms 25 Interface Form Factor AT-IDE 3.50 HH EP-340A Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 919 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting FUJI Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor FK301-13 10 4 306 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK302-13 10 2 612 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK302-26 21 4 612 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK302-39 32 6 612 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK303-52 40 8 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK305-26 21 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK305-39 32 6 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK305-39R 32 4 615 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH 102 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 FUJI (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor FK305-58R 49 6 615 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH FK308S-39R 31 4 615 26 65 SCSI 3.50 HH FK308S-58R 45 6 615 26 65 SCSI 3.50 HH FK309-26 20 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK309-39 32 6 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH FK309-39R 30 4 615 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH FK309S-50R 41 4 615 26 47 SCSI 3.50 HH Model Number FUJITSU Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor M 22250/02 21 4 615 32 40/35 MFM 3.50 HH M 22250R 32 4 615 26 35 RLL 3.50 HH M 22260/02 30 6 615 32 40/35 MFM 3.50 HH M 22250R 49 6 615 26 35 RLL 3.50 HH M 22270/02 40 8 615 32 40/35 MFM 3.50 HH M 22270R 65 8 615 26 35 RLL 3.50 HH M 2230AS 5 2 320 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH M 2230AT 5 2 320 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH M 2231 5 2 306 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH M 2233AS 11 4 320 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH M 2233AT 11 4 320 17 95 MFM 5.25 HH M 2234AS 16 6 320 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH M 2235AS 22 8 320 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH M 2241 AS/AS2 25 4 754 32 33/30 MFM 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 103 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 FUJITSU (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor M 2242AS/AS2 43 7 754 17 33/30 MFM 5.25 FH M 2243AS/AS2 68 11 754 17 33/30 MFM 5.25 FH M 2243R 110 7 1186 26 25 RLL 5.25 HH M 2243T 68 7 1186 17 25 MFM 5.25 HH M 2245SA 120 7 823 35 25 SCSI 5.25 HH M 2246E 172 10 823 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH M 2246SA 148 10 823 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2247E 143 7 1243 64 18 ESDI 5.25 FH M 2247S 138 7 1243 65 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2247SA 149 7 1243 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2247S8 160 7 1243 19 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2248E 224 11 1243 64 18 ESDI 5.25 FH M 2248S 221 11 1243 65 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2248SA 238 11 1243 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2248S8 252 11 1243 19 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2249E 305 15 1243 64 18 ESDI 5.25 FH M 2249S 303 15 1243 65 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2249SA 324 15 1243 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2249S8 343 15 1243 19 18 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2261 357 8 1658 - 16 ESDI/SCSI 5.25 FH M 2261E 326 8 1658 53 16 ESDI 5.25 FH M 2262E 448 11 1658 48 16 ESDI 5.25 FH M2263 671 15 1658 - 16 ESDI/SCSI 5.25 FH 104 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 FUJITSU (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor M 2614T 180 8 1334 33 20 AT-IDE 3.50 HH M 2622SA 330 8 1435 56 12 SCSI 3.50 HH M 2622T 330 8 1435 56 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH M 2623SA 425 10 1435 56 12 SCSI 3.50 HH M 2623T 425 10 1435 56 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH M 2624SA 520 12 1435 56 12 SCSI 3.50 HH M 2624T 520 12 1435 56 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH M 2635FA 425 9 1435 64 12 SCSI-1/2 3.50 HH M 2651S 1313 16 1944 64 11 SCSI-2 5.25 FH M 2652S 1752 20 1944 84 11 SCSI-2 5.25 FH M 2652P 1586 20 1893 84 11 IPI-2 5.25 FH M2653 1400 15 2078 88 12 SCSI 5.25 FH M2654 2100 21 2179 88 12 SCSI 5.25 FH M 2671P 2640 15 2671 88 12 IPI-2 5 x 8.5 X 15" HEWLETT-PACKARD Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor HP-97500 20 - - - - SCSI 3.50 HH HP-97530E 136 4 - - 18 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97530S 204 6 - - 18 SCSI 5.25 FH HP-97532E 103 - - - 17 ESDI 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 105 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 HEWLETT-PACKARD (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT HP-97500 20 4 615 17 HP-97530E 136 4 1229 HP-97530S 204 6 HP-97532E 103 HP-97533E Avg Interface Form Factor 28 SCSI 3.50 HH 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1643 64 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 4 1643 64 17 ESDI 5.25 FH 155 6 1643 64 17 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97536E 311 12 1643 64 17 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97544E 340 8 1457 57 17 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97544S/D 331 8 1447 56 17 SCSI 5.25 FH HP-97544T/P 331 8 1447 56 17 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97548E 680 16 1457 57 17 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97548S/F 663 16 1447 56 17 SCSI 5.25 FH HP-97548T/P 663 16 1447 56 17 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97549T/P 1000 16 1911 64 18 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97556E 681 11 1680 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97556 677 11 1670 72 13.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97556T/P 673 11 1670 72 14 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97558E 1084 15 1962 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97558 1069 15 1935 72 13.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97558T/P 1075 15 1952 72 14 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97560 1355 19 1935 72 13.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-97560E 1374 19 1962 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-97560T/P 1363 19 1952 72 14 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-C2233 234 5 1546 72 12.6 IDE,SCSI-2 3.50 HH Model Number 106 Hard Drive Bible inms © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 HEWLETT-PACKARD (Continued) Model Number HP-C2233S Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 238 5 1511 49 13 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 328 7 1546 61 12.6 AT - IDE 3.50 HH HP-C2234 Translated Parameters: HP-C2234S 10 Heads 1016 Cylinders 63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 334 7 1511 61 13 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 422 9 1546 61 12.6 IDE,SCSI-2 3.50 HH HP-C2235 Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 1006 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting HP-C2235S 429 9 1511 73 13 SCSI-2 3.50 HH HP-C3007 1370 13 2255 73 11.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-C3009 1792 17 2255 73 11.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-C3010 2003 19 2255 73 11.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-C3010 1027 19 1100 73 9 SCSI-2 5.25 FH HP-D1660A 333 8 1457 57 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HP-D1661A 667 16 1457 57 16 ESDI 5.25 FH HITACHI Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor DK301-1 10 4 306 17 85 MFM 3.50 HH DK 301-2 15 6 306 17 85 MFM 3.50 HH DK 312C-20 209 10 1076 38 16 SCSI 3.50 HH DK 312C-25 251 12 1076 38 16 SCSI 3.50 HH DK 314C-41 419 14 1076 38 17 SCSI 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 107 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 HITACHI (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor OK 315C-11 1100 15 1457 63 11.8 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH OK-315C-14 1400 15 1457 63 11.8 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH DK 502-2 21 4 615 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH OK 511-3 30 5 699 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH OK 511-5 42 7 699 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH OK511-8 67 10 823 17 23 MFM 5.25 FH OK 512-8 67 5 823 34 23 ESOI 5.25 FH DK 512C-8 67 5 823 34 23 SCSI 5.25 FH OK 512-12 94 7 823 34 23 ESOI 5.25 FH OK 512C-12 94 7 823 34 23 SCSI 5.25 FH OK 512-17 134 10 823 34 23 ESOI 5.25 FH OK 512C-17 134 10 819 34 23 SCSI 5.25 FH OK 514-38 330 14 903 51 16 ESOI 5.25 FH OK 514C-38 321 14 903 51 16 SCSI 5.25 FH OK 514S-38 330 14 903 51 14 SMO 5.25 FH DK 515-12 1229 15 1224 69 14 ESOI 5.25 FH OK 515-78 673 14 1361 69 16 ESOI, SCSI, E-SMO 5.25 FH OK 515C-78 670.5 14 1261 69 16 ESDI, SCSI, E-SMO 5.25 FH OK 516-12 1230 15 1778 77 16 ESOI 5.25 FH OK516-15 1320 15 2235 77 14 ESOI 5.25 FH OK 516C-16 1500 15 2172 81 14 SCSI-2 5.25 FH OK 517C 2900 21 2381 81 12.8 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH 108 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 HITACHI (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor OK 517C-26 2000 14 2381 81 12 SCSI-2 5.25 FH OK 517C-37 2900 21 2381 81 12 SCSI-2 5.25 FH OK 521-5 42 6 823 17 25 MFM 5.25 HH OK 522-10 103 6 823 36 25 ESDI 5.25 HH OK 522C-10 88 6 819 35 25 SCSI 5.25 HH Model Number IBM © Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 20MB(2) 21 4 615 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH 20MB(13) 21 8 306 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH 30MB(22) 31 5 733 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH 0661-371 320 14 949 48 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 0661-467 400 14 1199 48 11 SCSI-2 3.50 HH 0663-H11/L11 868 13 2051 66 10 SCSI 3.50 HH 0663-H 12/L12 1004 15 2051 66 10 SCSI 3.50 HH 0671E 319 15 1224 34 20 ESDI 5.25 HH 0671S 319 15 1224 34 20 SCSI 5.25 HH 0681 476 11 1458 58 13 SCSI-2 5.25 HH WDS-L40 41 2 1038 39 17 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WOA-L42 42 2 1067 39 17 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WDS-L42 42 2 1066 39 17 SCSI 3.50 HH WD-240 43 2 1120 38 19 PS/2 2.50 esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 109 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 IBM (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 43 2 1122 38 19 AT-IDE 2.50 WDA-240 Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 10214 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting WDS-240 43 2 1120 38 19 SCSI 2.50 WD-380 80 4 1021 39 16 PS/2 3.50 HH 80 4 1021 39 16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WDA-380 Translated Parameters: 9 Heads 1021 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting WDS-380 80 4 1021 39 16 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WD-387 61 4 928 32 23 PS/2 3.50 HH WD-3100 105 2 1990 44 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WD-3158 120 8 920 32 23 PS/2 3.50 HH WD-3160 160 8 1021 39 16 PS/2 3.50 HH 160 8 1021 39 16 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WDA-3160 Translated Parameters: 8 Heads 1021 Cylinders 39SPT - This is your CMOS setting WDS-3160 160 8 1021 39 16 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WDS-2200 210 4 1990 44 12 SCSI 3.50 HH IOMEGA Model Number MultiDisk 150 110 Hard Drive Bible Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 150 2 1380 36 18 SCSI-2 Removable 5.25 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 IMI Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 5006 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 5007 5 2 312 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 5012 10 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 5018 15 6 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 5021H 15 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH 7720 21 4 310 17 85 MFM 8.00 7740 43 8 315 17 85 MFM 8.00 Model Number JeT Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 100 5 2 226 17 110 MFM 5.25 HH 105 7 4 306 17 110 MFM 5.25 HH 110 14 8 306 17 130 MFM 5.25 HH 120 20 4 615 17 100 MFM 5.25 HH 1000 5 2 226 17 110 Commodore 5.25 HH 1005 7 4 306 17 110 Commodore 5.25 HH 1010 14 8 306 - 130 Commodore 5.25 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 111 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 KALOK Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor KL320 Octagon I 21 4 615 17 48 MFM 3.50 HH KL330 Octagon I 32 4 615 26 40 RLL 3.50 HH KL341 Octagon I 40 4 644 26 25 SCSI 3.50 HH KL343 Octagon I 42 4 676 31 25 AT-IDE 3.50 HH KL 3100 Octagon II 105 6 820 35 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH KL 3120 Octagon II 120 6 820 40 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH P5-125 125 2 2048 80 17 AT-IDE 3.50 .5" P5-250 251 4 2048 80 17 AT-IDE 3.50 .5 Model Number 11 KYOCERA Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor KC 20AlB 21 4 615 17 65/62 MFM 3.50 HH KC 30AlB 32 4 615 26 65/62 RLL 3.50 HH KC 40GA 41 2 1075 26 28 AT-IDE 3.50 HH KC80C 87 8 787 28 28 SCSI 3.50 HH Model Number 112 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 LANSTOR Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor LAN-64 71 8 1024 17 - MFM 5.25 FH LAN-115 119 15 918 17 - MFM 5.25 FH LAN-140 142 8 1024 34 - ESDI 5.25 FH LAN-180 180 8 1024 26 - RLL 5.25 FH LAPINE Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 3522 10 4 306 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH LT 10 10 2 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH LT20 20 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH LT200 20 4 614 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH LT300 32 4 614 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH LT 2000 20 4 614 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH TITAN 20 21 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH TITAN 30 33 4 615 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH TITAN 3532 32 4 615 26 65 RLL 3.50 HH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 113 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MAXTOR Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 85 4 1092 36 15 AT 2.50 HH 2585 Translated Parameters: 10 Heads 128.2 4 1092 976 Cylinders 48 17 SPT - This is your CMOS. setting 15 AT 2.50 HH 25128A Translated Parameters: 15 Heads 251 6 1320 980 Cylinders 63 - 17 SPT 12 This is your CMOS.setting AT, SCSI 25252A,S Translated Parameters: 15 Heads 80 4 1170 990 Cylinders 36 - 33SPT 17 17mm high This is your CMOS setting AT, SCSI 1" high 7080A,S Translated Parameters: 9·.·.·Heads 120 4 1516 1021 Cylinders 42 - 17 SPT This is your CMOS setting AT, SCSI 15 1" high 7120A,S Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 213 4 1690 984 Cylinders 48 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting AT, SCSI 15 11 1 high 7213A,S Translated Parameters: 13 ·Heads 244 4 1881 969 Cylinders 48 33SPT - 15 This is your CMOS setting AT, SCSI 1" high 7245A,S Translated Parameters: 15 Heads 962 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting LXT-50S 48 4 733 32 27 SCSI 3.50 HH LXT-100S 96 8 733 32 27 SCSI 3.50 HH 207 7 1320 45 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH LXT-200A Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 1020 Cylinders LXT-200S 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting 191 7 1320 33 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 213 7 1320 55 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH LXT-213A Translated Parameters: 13 Heads LXT-213S 114 Hard Drive Bible 200 7 1320 969 Cylinders 55 33SPT 15 - This is your CMOS setting SCSI 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MAXTOR Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 320 7 1560 47 13 AT-IDE 3.50 HH LXT-340A Translated Parameters: 10 Heads LXT-340S 992 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting 320 7 1560 47 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 437 9 1560 63 13 AT-IDE 3.50 HH LXT-437A Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 967 Cylinders 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting LXT-437S 437 9 1560 63 13 SCSI 3.50 HH LXT-535A 535 11 1560 63 12 AT-IDE 3.50 HH LXT-535S 535 11 1560 63 12 SCSI 3.50 HH PO-12S Panther 1224 15 1224 63 13 SCSI-2 5.25 FH P1-08E Panther 696 9 1778 72 12 ESDI 5.25 FH P1-08S Panther 696 9 1778 72 12 SCSI 5.25 FH P1-12E Panther 1051 15 1778 72 13 ESDI 5.25 FH P1-12S Panther 1005 19 1216 72 10 SCSI 5.25 FH P1-13E Panther 1160 15 1778 72 13 ESDI 5.25 FH P1-16E Panther 1331 19 1778 72 13 ESDI 5.25 FH P1-17E Panther 1470 19 1778 72 13 ESDI 5.25 FH P1-17S Panther 1759 19 1778 85 13 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 540 7 2367 41 7.5/8.5 IDE 3.5" 1 high MXT 540SUAL Translated Parameters: © CSC 1994 16 Heads 1024 Cylinders 11 63SPT - This is your CMOS setting Hard Drive Bible 115 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MAXTOR (Continued) Form Factor Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface MXT 1240S 1.24GB 15 2367 41 8.5/9 SCSI-2 3.5 RXT-800HS (WORM) 786 1 2410 88 108 SCSI 5.25 FH 650 1 2870 104 35 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 1050 38 5 902 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH XT 1065 52 7 918 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH XT 1085 69 8 1024 17 27 MFM 5.25 FH XT 1105 82 11 918 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH XT 1120R 104 8 1024 26 27 RLL 5.25 FH XT 1140 116 15 918 17 26 MFM 5.25 FH XT 1140E 140 15 1141 17 28 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 1240R 196 15 1024 26 27 RLL 5.25 FH XT 2085 72 7 1224 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH XT 2140 113 11 1224 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH XT 2190 159 15 1224 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH XT 3170 129 9 1224 26 30 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 3280 216 15 1224 26 30 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 3380 277 15 1224 26 27 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 4170E 157 7 1224 35 14 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 4170S 157 7 1224 36 14 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 4175E 149 7 1224 34 27 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 4179E 158 7 1224 36 14 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 4230E 203 9 1224 35 15 ESDI 5.25 FH Model Number TAHITI (MIa) 116 Hard Drive Bible © 11 esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 MAXTOR (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor XT 4280E 234 11 1224 34 27 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 4280S 241 11 1224 36 27 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 4380E 338 15 1224 35 16 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 4380S 337 15 1224 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 8380E 360 8 1632 54 14 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 8380EH 361 8 1632 54 13.5 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 8380S 360 8 1632 54 14 SCSI 5.25 FH XT8380SH 361 8 1632 54 13.5 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 8610E 541 12 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 8702S 616 15 1490 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 8760E 676 15 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 8760EH 677 15 1632 54 13.5 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 8760S 675 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 8760SH 670 15 1632 54 14.5 SCSI 5.25 FH XT 8800E 694 15 1274 71 16 ESDI 5.25 FH XT 81000E 889 15 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 117 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 MAXTOR COLORADO (also see Miniscribe) Model Number 7040A Cheyene 7040S Cheyene 7060A Cheyene 7060S Cheyene 7080A Cheyene 7080S Cheyene 7120A Cheyene 7120S Cheyene Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 42 2 1170 36 17 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 977 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 40 2 1155 36 17 SCSI 3.50 HH 65 2 1516 42 15 AT-IDE 3.50 1 Translated Parameters: 7 Heads 984 Cylinders 11 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 65 2 1516 42 15 SCSI 3.50 1 11 81 4 1170 36 17 AT-IDE 3.50 1 11 ..... Translated Parameters: 9 Heads 1021 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 65 4 1155 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 1 11 65 4 1516 42 15 AT-IDE 3.50 1 11 u Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 984 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting 11 130 4 1516 42 15 SCSI 3.50 1 43 4 745 28 28 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 8051A Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 118 Hard Drive Bible 977 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MEGADRIVE Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor P-42 42 3 834 33 19 SCSI 3.50 HH P-84 84 6 834 33 19 SCSI 3.50 HH P-105 105 6 1019 33 19 SCSI 3.50 HH P-120 120 5 1123 33 14 SCSI 3.50 HH P-170 170 7 1123 33 14 SCSI 3.50 HH P-210 210 7 1156 33 14 SCSI 3.50 HH P-425 425 9 1512 63 12 SCSI 3.50 HH Model Number MEMOREX Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 310 2 2 118 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 321 5 2 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 322 10 4 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 323 15 6 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 324 20 8 320 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 450 10 2 612 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 512 25 3 961 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 513 41 5 961 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH 514 58 7 961 17 90 MFM 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 119 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROPOLIS Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg . inms Interface Form Factor 1202 45 7 977 17 - MFM 8.00 1223 45 7 977 17 - MFM 8.00 1302 20 3 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH 1303 34 5 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH 1304 41 6 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH 1323 35 4 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1323A 44 5 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1324 53 6 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1324A 62 7 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1325 71 8 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1333 35 4 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1333A 44 5 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1334 53 6 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1334A 62 7 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1335 71 8 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 1352 30 2 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1352A 41 3 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1353 75 4 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1353A 94 5 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1354 113 6 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1354A 132 7 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1355 151 8 1024 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 1373 73 4 1024 36 23 SCSI 5.25 FH 120 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROPOLIS (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 1373A 91 5 1024 36 23 SCSI 5.25 FH 1374 109 6 1024 36 23 SCSI 5.25 FH 1374A 127 7 1024 36 23 SCSI 5.25 FH 1375 146 8 1024 36 23 SCSI 5.25 FH 1488-15 675 15 1628 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1516-10S 678 10 1840 72 13 ESDI 5.25 FH 1517-13 922 13 1925 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH 1518 1419 15 2100 72 14.5 ESDI 5.25 FH 1518-14 993 14 1925 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH 1518-15 1064 15 1925 72 14 ESDI 5.25 FH 1528 1341 15 2094 72 14.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 1528-15 1354 15 2106 84 14 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 1538-15 872 15 1925 71 15 ESDI 5.25 FH 1548 1748 15 2096 72 14 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH 1551 149 7 1224 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1554-7 158 7 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1554-11 234 11 1224 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1555-8 180 8 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1555-9 203 9 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1555-12 255 12 1224 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1556-10 226 10 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1556-11 248 11 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1556-13 276 13 1224 34 18 ESDI 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 121 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROPOLIS (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 1557-12 270 12 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1557-13 293 13 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1557-14 315 14 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1557-15 338 15 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1558-14 315 14 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1558-15 338 15 1224 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH 1566-11 496 11 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 1567-12 541 12 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 1567-13 586 13 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 1568-14 631 14 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 1568-15 676 15 1632 54 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 1576-11 243 11 1224 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 1577-12 266 12 1224 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 1577-13 287 13 1224 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 1578-14 310 14 1224 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 1578-15 332 15 1224 36 18 SCSI 5.25 FH 1586-11 490 11 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1587-12 535 12 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1587-13 579 13 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1588 667 15 1626 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1588-14 624 14 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1588-15 668 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 1596-108 668 10 1834 72 35 SCSI 5.25 FH 122 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROPOLIS (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 1597-13 909 13 1919 72 14 SCSI 5.25 FH 1598 1034 15 1922 72 14.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 1598-14 979 14 1919 72 14 SCSI 5.25 FH 1598-15 1098 15 1928 71 14.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 1624 667 7 2099 72 15 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 HH 1653-4 92 4 1249 36 16 ESDI 5.25 HH 1653-5 115 5 1249 36 16 ESDI 5.25 HH 1654-6 138 6 1249 36 16 ESDI 5.25 HH 1654-7 161 7 1249 36 16 ESDI 5.25 HH 1663-4 197 4 1780 36 14 ESDI 5.25 HH 1663-5 246 5 1780 36 14 ESDI 5.25 HH 1664-6 295 6 1780 54 14 ESDI 5.25 HH 1664-7 345 7 1780 54 14 ESDI 5.25 HH 1673-4 90 4 1249 36 16 SCSI 5.25 HH 1673-5 112 5 1249 36 16 SCSI-MAC 5.25 HH 1674-6 135 6 1249 36 16 SCSI 5.25 HH 1674-7 158 7 1249 36 16 SCSI-MAC 5.25 HH 1683-4 193 4 1776 54 14 SCSI-MAC 5.25 HH 1683-5 242 5 1776 54 14 SCSI 5.25 HH 1684-6 291 6 1776 54 14 SCSI 5.25 HH 1684-7 340 7 1776 54 14 SCSI-MAC 5.25 HH 1743-5 112 5 1140 28 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 1744-6 135 6 1140 28 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 123 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROPOLIS (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 157 7 1140 28 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 1744-7 Translated Parameters: 180 8 10 Heads 9~9 1140 Cylinders 28 33SPT - 15 This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 3.50 HH 1745-8 H Translated Paral11eters: . 11 Heads 202 9 (968" Cylinders 1140 28 33SPT" - 15 This is your cMOS setting AT-IDE 3.50 HH 1745-9 Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 986 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your. CMOS setting 1773-5 112 5 1140 28 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 1774-6 135 6 1140 28 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 1774-7 157 7 1140 28 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 1775-8 180 8 1140 28 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 1775-9 202 9 1140 28 15 SCSI 3.50 HH MICROSCIENCE Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 4050 45 5 1024 17 18 MFM 3.50 HH 4060 68 5 1024 26 18 RLL 3.50 HH 4070 62 7 1024 17 18 MFM 3.50 HH 4090 95 7 1024 26 18 RLL 3.50 HH 5040 46 3 855 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 5070 77 5 855 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 5070-20 86 5 960 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 5100 107 7 855 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 5100-20 120 7 960 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 5160 159 7 1271 35 18 ESDI 3.50 HH 6100 110 7 855 36 18 SCSI 3.50 HH Model Number 124 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MICROSCIENCE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 47 3 855 36 18 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 7040 Translated Parameters: 86 6 Heads 5 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting 890 Cylinders 960 35 18 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 7070-20 Translated Parameters: 107 9 Heads 7 919 Cylinders 855 17SPT - This is your CMOS setti,ng 35 AT-IDE 18 3.50 HH 7100 Translated Parameters: 12 , > ST 1201E 177 9 1072 36 15 ESDI 3.50 HH ST 1201 N ST 1201 NS 177 9 1068 36 15 SCSI SCSI-2 3.50 HH 211 9 1272 36 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH ST 1239A Translated Parameters: 12 Heads ST 1239NS 156 Hard Drive Bible 210 9 1268 9540ylinders 36SPT .. This is your CMOS setting 36 15 SCSI-2 3.50 HH © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Seagate (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 331 7 1475 62 14 AT 3.50 HH 8T 1400A Translated Parameters: "1SHeads ' 736 Cylinders . 62.SPT 8T 1400N 8T 1401A - This is your CMOS setting 331 7 1476 62 14 8081-2 3.50 HH 340 9 1121 62 12 AT 3.50 HH ,.".. ...... :-.-...:. . . ". ::. Translated" Parameters: 15 Heads 736 Cylinders 62SPT -This is your CMOS setting ..... 8T 1401N 338 9 1121 62 12 8081-2 3.50 HH 426 9 1474 - 14 AT 3.50 HH 8T 1480A 895 Cylinders 62SPT Translated·Parameters: 15 Heads ...... ;< j ." . .... - This is your CMOS setting ,'." .. ; 8T 1480N 8T 1480ND 426 9 1476 62 14 8081-2 3.50 HH 8T 1480N 8T 1480NV 426 9 1476 62 14 8081-2 3.50 HH 8T 1481 N 426 9 1476 62 14 Fast 8081-2 3.50 HH ST 1581N 525 9 1476 77 14 Fast 8081-2 3.50 HH 8T 1980N ST 1980ND 860 13 1730 77 9.9 11.4 Fast 8081-2 3.50 HH ST 2106E 92 5 1024 36 18 E8DI 5.25 HH 8T 2106N ST2106NM 91 5 1022 36 18 8081 5.25 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 157 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor ST 2125 N,NM,NV 107 3 1544 45 18 SCSI 5.25 HH ST 2182E 160 4 1453 54 16 ESDI 5.25 HH ST 2209 N,NM,NV 179 5 1544 45 18 SCSI 5.25 HH 241 5 1747 54 16 AT-IDE 5.25 HH ST 2274A Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 338 7 1747 465 Cylinders 54 63SPT This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 16 5.25 HH ST 2383A Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 737 Cylinders 56 SPT - This is your CMOS setting ST 2383E 338 7 1747 54 16 ESDI 5.25 HH ST 2383 N,NM,ND 332 7 1261 74 14 SCSI SCSI-2 5.25 HH ST 2502 N,NM, ND,NV 435 7 1755 69 16 SCSI SCSI-2 5.25 HH 43.1 7 706 17 16 AT-IDE 3.5 low profile ST 3051A Translated Parameters: 89.1 16 6 Heads 590 820 Cylinders 17 SPT 17 - This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 14 ST 3096A Translated Parameters: 106.9 16 10 Heads 754 1024 Cylinders 17 SPT 17 - This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 15 ST 3120A Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 130.7 16 953 1024 Cylinders 17 SPT 17 - ST 3144A Translated Parameters: 15 Heads 158 Hard Drive Bible 1001 Cylinders 17 SPT - 3.5 low profile This is your CMOS setting AT-IDE 16 3.5 low profile 3.5 low profile This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 214 16 413 63 16 AT-IDE 3.5 low profile ST 3243A Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 245.3 16 470 - 1024Cylinders 36SPT 63 This is your CMOS setting 12 AT-IDE ST 3283A Translated· Parameters: ST 3283N 16 Heads 470 Cylinders 63 SPT - 3.5 low profile This is yourCMOS setting 248.6 NA NA - 12 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 low profile 340 14 767 63 12 AT-IDE 3.5lkow profile ST 3385A Translated Parameters: 426 8 16 Heads 1820 659 Cylinders 63SPT 36 - This is your CMOS setting 10 AT-IDE 3.50 111 ST 3500A Translated Parameters: 16 Heads ST 3500 N,ND 825 Cylinders 63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 426 16 825 63 10 SCSI-2 3.50 111 452.4 7 1810 63 12 AT-IDE 3.5 low profile ST 3550A Translated Parameters: ST 3550N 16 Heads 876 Cylinders 63 SPT This is your CMOS setting 456.5 7 1810 63 12 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 low profile 540 7 1874 - 10.5 12 AT-IDE 3.5 low profile ST 3600A Translated Parameters: © - 16 Heads 1024 Cylinders 63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting ST 3600 N,ND 525 7 1872 - 10.2 12 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 low profile ST 3601 N,ND 535 7 1872 - 10.2 12 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 low prof. esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 159 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor ST 4026 21 4 615 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4038 31 5 733 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4051 42 5 977 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4053 45 5 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4085 71 8 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4086 72 9 925 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4096 80.2 9 1024 17 28 RLL 5.25 FH ST 4097 80 9 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH ST 4135R 115 9 960 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH ST 4144R 122.7 9 1024 26 28 ST412 5.25 FH ST 4182E 160 9 969 36 16 ESDI 5.25 FH ST 4182 N,NM 155 9 969 35 16 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 4350 N,NM 300 9 1412 46 17 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 4376 N,NM,NV 330 9 1546 45 18 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 4383E 338 13 1412 36 18 ESDI 5.25 FH ST 4384E 338 15 1224 36 14.5 ESDI 5.25 FH ST 4385 N,NM,NV 330 15 1412 55 10.7 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 4442E 380 15 1412 36 16 ESDI 5.25 FH ST 4702 N,NM 601 15 1546 50 16.5 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 4766E 676 15 1632 54 15.5 SCSI 5.25 FH 160 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor ST 9095A 85.3 16 1024 63 16 AT-IDE 2.5" ST 9096A 85.3 16 1024 63 16 AT 2.5" ST 9096N 85 - - - 16 SCSI-2 2.50 .75" ST 9100AG 85.3 16 1024 - 16 AT 2.5" ST 9144 42.6 16 1024 63 16 AT-IDE 2.5" ST 9144A 127.9 16 1024 63 16 AT-IDE 2.50 .75" ST 9144N 128 - - - 16 SCSI-2 2.50 .75" 209.7 13/16 985 1024 - 16 AT 2.5" ST 9235N 209 NA NA - 16 SCSI 2.5" ST9295AG 261 16 1024 - 16 AT 2.5" ST 11200 N, ND 1050 15 1877 - 10.5 12 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 HH ST 11200 N, ND 1050 15 1877 - 10.5 12 Fast Wide SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 11700 N, ND 1430 13 2626 - 9 10.5 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 11701 N, ND 1430 13 2626 63 9 10.5 Fast Wide SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 11750 N, ND 1437 12 2756 63 8,9 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 11751 N, ND 1437 12 2756 63 8,9 Fast Wide SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 12400 N, ND 2100 19 2626 63 9 10.5 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 12401 N, ND 2100 19 2626 63 9 10.5 Fast Wide SCSI-2 3.50 HH Model Number ST9235AG © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 161 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor ST 12550 N, NO 2100 19 2756 63 8,9 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 12551 N, NO 2100 19 2756 63 8/9 Fast SCSI-2 3.50 HH ST 31200 N, NO 1050 9 2626 63 9/10.5 Fast SCSI-2 3.5 low prof. ST 41097J 1097 17 2101 71 12 SMO-01E 5.25 FH ST 41200 N, NM, NV 1037 15 1931 71 15 SCSI 5.25 FH ST 41201 J, K 1200 15 2101 71 11.5 SMO-O/E 5.25 FH ST41291K 1200 15 2101 71 11.5 IPI-2 dual port 5.25 FH ST 41520 N,ND 1370 18 2101 71 11.5 SCSI-2 dual port 5.25 FH ST 41600 N, NO 1370 18 2101 75 11.5 SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 41601 N, NO 1370 18 2101 75 11.5 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 41650 N,NO 1415 15 2107 87 15 SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 41651 N, NO 1415 15 2107 77 15 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 41800K 1624 15 2627 81 11 IPI-2 dual port 5.25 FH ST 42000 N, NO 1792 15 2627 84 11 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 42100N 1900 15 2574 84 12.9 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 42100 NM,NO, NV 1037 15 1931 84 15 SCSI-2 5.25 FH 162 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SEAGATE (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor ST 42101 N,NO 1900 15 2574 84 13 SCSI-2, Fast Wide 5.25 FH ST 42400N 2100 19 2653 84 11 SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 43200K 3385* 19 2738 91 10, 11 Fast Wide SCSI-2 dual port 5.25 FH ST 43400 N, NO 2912 19 2738 88 11 Fast SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 43401 N, NO 2912 19 2738 88 10, 11 Fast Wide SCSI-2 5.25 FH ST 43402 NO 2912 19 2738 88 10, 11 Fast Wide SCSI-2 dual port 5.25 FH ST 81236 J,K,N 1056 17 1635 64 15 SMO-O/E, IPI-2, SCSI 8.00 ST 81123J 1123* 17 1635 64 15 SMO-O/E dual port 8.00 ST81154K 1154* 17 1635 64 15 IPI-2 dual port 8.00 ST 82030 J,K 2030* 21 2120 64 11 SMO-O/E, IPI-2 dual port 8.00 SHUGART Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor SA 604 5 4 160 17 140 MFM 5.25 FH SA 606 7 6 160 17 140 MFM 5.25 FH SA 607 5 2 306 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH SA 612 11 4 306 17 100 MFM 5.25 FH SA 706 6 2 320 17 120 MFM 5.25 FH SA 712 11 4 320 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH SA 724 20 8 320 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH 5 8 320 17 120 MFM 8.00 SA 1002 © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 163 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 SHUGART (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor SA 1004 10 - - 17 - MFM 8.00 SA 1106 30 - - 17 - MFM 8.00 SA 4004 14 - - 17 - MFM 14.00 SA 4008 29 - - 17 - MFM 14.00 SA 4100 56 - - 17 - MFM 14.00 SIEMENS Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 1200 174 8 1216 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH 1300 261 12 1216 35 25 ESDI 5.25 FH 2200 174 8 1216 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH 2300 261 12 1216 35 25 SCSI 5.25 FH 4410 322 11 1100 52 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 4420 334 11 1100 54 17 SCSI 5.25 FH 5710 655 15 1224 48 16 ESDI 5.25 FH 5720 655 15 1224 48 16 SCSI 5.25 FH 5810 688 15 1658 54 14 ESDI 5.25 FH 5820 688 15 1658 54 14 SCSI 5.25 FH 6200 1062 15 1921 72 14 SCSI 5.25 FH 164 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 STORAGE DIMENSIONS Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor AT-40 44 5 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 HH AT-70 71 8 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 HH AT-100R 109 8 1024 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH AT-100S 105 3 1224 54 19 SCSI 3.50 HH AT-120 119 15 918 17 27 MFM 5.25 FH AT-133 133 15 1024 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH AT-140 142 8 1024 34 28 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-155E 157 7 1224 52 14 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-155S 156 9 1224 36 36 SCSI 5.25 FH AT-160 159 15 1224 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH AT-200 204 15 1024 26 28 RLL 5.25 FH AT-200S 204 7 1021 26 15 SCSI 3.50 HH AT-320E 329 15 1224 35 16 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-320S 320 15 1224 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH AT-335E 338 15 1224 36 16 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-650E 651 15 1632 52 16 ESDI 5.25 FH AT-650S 651 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH AT-1000S 1000 15 1632 63 15 SCSI 5.25 FH MAC-195 195 7 - - 15 SCSI 3.50 HH PS-155E 156 9 1224 36 14 ESDI 5.25 FH PS-155S 156 9 1224 36 14 SCSI 5.25 FH PS-320S 320 15 1224 36 16 SCSI 5.25 FH PS-335E 338 15 1224 36 16 ESDI 5.25 FH PS-650S 651 15 1632 54 16 SCSI 5.25 FH Model Number © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 165 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SYQUEST Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor SO 225F 20 4 615 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH SO 306F 5 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH SO 306R 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH SO 306RD 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH SO 312 10 2 615 17 85 MFM 4.00 HH SO 312RD 10 2 615 17 85 MFM 4.00 HH SO 315F 21 4 612 17 65 MFM 4.00 HH Sa319 10 2 612 17 85 MFM 4.00 HH so 325 21 4 612 17 85 MFM 4.00 HH SO 325F 20 4 615 17 65 MFM 4.00 HH SO 338F 30 6 615 17 65 MFM 4.00 HH SO 340AF 38 6 640 17 65 MFM 4.00 HH 44 2 1021 42 20 SCSI 5.25 HH so 555 Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 43 2 1481 1011 Cylinders 41 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 15 AT-IDE 2.50 SO 2542A Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 89 2 1720 988 Cylinders 82 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 20 SCSI 5.25 HH SO 5110 Translated Parameters: 166 Hard Drive Bible 13 Heads 972 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 TANDON Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor TM244 41 4 782 26 37 RLL 5.25 HH TM246 62 6 782 26 37 RLL 5.25 HH TM 251 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH TM252 10 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH TM261 10 2 615 17 85 MFM 3.50 HH TM262 21 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH TM 262R 20 2 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH TM264 41 4 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH TM344 41 4 782 26 37 RLL 3.50 HH TM 346 62 6 782 26 37 RLL 3.50 HH TM 361 10 2 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH TM362 21 4 615 17 65 MFM 3.50 HH TM 362R 20 2 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH TM 364 41 4 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH TM 501 5 2 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH TM502 10 4 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH TM503 15 6 306 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 167 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 TANDON (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor TM 602S 5 4 153 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH TM 603S 10 6 153 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH TM 603SE 21 6 230 17 85 MFM 5.25 FH TM702 20 4 615 26 40 RLL 5.25 FH TM 702AT 8 4 615 17 35 MFM 5.25 FH TM703 10 5 733 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH TM 703-C 25 5 733 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH TM 703AT 31 5 733 17 35 MFM 5.25 FH TM705 41 5 962 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH TM755 43 5 981 17 33 MFM 5.25 HH TM 2085 74 9 1004 36 25 SCSI 5.25 FH TM 2128 115 9 1004 36 25 SCSI 5.25 TM 2170 154 9 1344 36 25 SCSI 5.25 TM 3085 71 8 1024 17 37 MFM 3.50 HH TM 3085-R 104 8 1024 26 37 RLL 3.50 HH TANDY Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor 20 4 615 17 35 XT-IDE 5.25 HH 25-1045 Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 615 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 25-1046 43 4 782 27 28 XT-IDE 5.25 HH 20 4 615 17 35 XT-IDE - 25-1047 Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 615 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting 168 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 TEAC Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor SO 150 10 4 306 17 80 MFM 5.25 FH SO 340-A 43 2 1050 40 23 AT-IOE 3.50 HH SO 340S 43 2 1050 40 23 SCSI 3.50 HH SO 380 86 4 1050 40 20 AT-IDE 3.50 HH SO 380-S 86 4 1050 40 20 SCSI 3.50 HH SO 510 10 4 306 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH SO 520 20 4 615 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH SO 540 40 8 615 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH 105 4 1381 48 -20 10E 3.50 HH SO 3105H Translated Parametera: 12 Heads 1005 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Model Number TI-5 Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor 5 4 153 17 65 MFM 5.25 FH TOKICO Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor DK 503-2 10 4 306 17 105 MFM 5.25 FH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 169 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 TOSHIBA Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor MK 53FA(M) 43 5 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH MK 53FA(R) 64 5 830 26 30 RLL 5.25 FH MK 53FB(M) 43 5 830 17 25 MFM 5.25 FH MK 53FB(R) 64 5 830 26 25 RLL 5.25 FH MK 54FA(M) 60 7 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH MK 54FA(R) 90 7 830 26 25 RLL 5.25 FH MK 54FB(M) 60 7 830 17 25 MFM 5.25 FH MK 54FB(R) 90 7 830 26 25 RLL 5.25 FH MK 56FA(M) 86 10 830 17 30 MFM 5.25 FH MK 56FA(R) 129 10 830 26 30 RLL 5.25 FH MK 56FB(M) 72 10 830 17 25 MFM 5.25 FH MK 56FB(R) 105 10 830 26 25 RLL 5.25 FH MK72 72 10 830 17 25 MFM 3.50 HH MK 72PCR 105 10 830 26 25 RLL 3.50 HH MK 130 53 9 733 17 25 MFM 3.50 HH MK 134FA(M) 44 7 733 17 25 MFM 3.50 HH MK 134FA(R) 65 7 733 26 23 RLL 3.50 HH MK 153FA 74 5 830 35 23 ESDI 5.25 FH MK 153FB 74 5 830 35 23 SCSI 5.25 FH MK 154FA 104 7 830 35 23 ESDI 5.25 FH MK 154FB 104 7 830 35 23 SCSI 5.25 FH MK 156FA 145 10 830 35 23 PC-ESDI 5.25 FH 170 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 TOSHIBA (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor MK 156FB 145 10 830 35 23 PC-SCSI 5.25 FH MK232FB 45 3 845 35 25 SCSI 3.50 HH MK233FB 76 5 845 35 25 SCSI 3.50 HH 101 7 845 35 25 PC-IDE 3.50 HH Model Number MK234FB Translated Parameters: 101 7 945 Cylinders 12 Heads 35 845 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting PC-IDE 25 3.50 HH MK234FC 945 Cylinders Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting MK250FA 382 10 1224 35 18 ESDI 5.25 FH MK250FB 382 10 1224 35 18 SCSI 5.25 FH MK355FA 459 9 1632 53 16 ESDI 5.25 FH MK355FB 459 9 1632 53 16 SCSI 5.25 FH MK358FA 676 15 1661 53 16 ESDI 5.25 FH MK 358FB 676 15 1661 53 16 SCSI 5.25 FH MK438FB 877 15 1691 53 12.5 SCSI-2 3.50 HH MK 438FM 867 15 1691 53 13 SCSI-2 3.50 HH MK538FB 1230 15 1980 53 12 SCSI-2 3.5" MK556FA 152 10 830 36 23 ESDI 5.25 FH 107 4 1339 39 16 AT-IDE 3.50 MK 1034FC Translated Parameters: 8 Heads MK 1122FC 664 Cylinders 39SPT - This is your CMOS setting 43 5 988 17 23 AT-IDE 2.50 86 2 988 17 19 PC/AT-IDE 2.50 MK2024FC Translated Parameters: 130 6 16 Heads 1820 615 Cylinders 48 17 SPT 17 - This is your CMOS setting PC/AT-IDE 2.50 MK 2124FC Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1155 Cylinders 17SPT © CSC 1994 - This is your CMOS setting Hard Drive Bible 171 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 TULIN Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor TL213 10 2 640 17 105 MFM 5.25 HH TL226 22 4 640 1-7 85 MFM 5.25 HH TL238 22 4 640 17 85 MFM 5.25 HH TL240 33 6 640 17 65 MFM 5.25 HH TL258 33 6 640 17 65 MFM 5.25 HH TL326 22 4 640 17 65 MFM 5.25 HH TL340 33 6 640 17 65 MFM 5.25 HH SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor VERTEX (also see Priam) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders V 130 26 3 987 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH V 150 43 5 987 17 40 MFM 5.25 FH V 170 60 7 987 17 28 MFM 5.25 FH 172 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 WESTERN DIGITAL Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor WD262 20 4 615 17 80 MFM 3.50 HH WD344R 40 4 782 26 40 RLL 3.50 HH WD362 20 4 615 17 80 MFM 3.50 HH WD382R 20 2 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD383R 30 4 615 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD384R 40 4 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD544R 40 4 782 26 40 RLL 3.50 HH WD582R 20 2 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD583R 30 4 615 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD584R 40 4 782 26 85 RLL 3.50 HH WD 93024-A 20 2 782 27 28 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93024-X 20 2 782 27 39 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93028 A,AD 20 2 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93028-X 20 2 782 27 80 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93034-X 30 3 782 27 39 XT-IDE 3.50 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 173 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 WESTERN DIGITAL (Continued) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg in ms Interface Form Factor WD 93038-X 30 3 782 27 80 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93044-A 40 4 782 27 28 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93044-X 40 4 782 27 39 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93048-AD 40 4 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93048-A 40 4 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 93048-X 40 4 782 27 80 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95024-A 20 2 782 27 28 AT-IDE 5.25 HH WD 95024-X 20 2 782 27 39 XT-IDE 5.25 HH WD 95028-A 20 2 782 27 39 AT-IDE 5.25 HH WD 95028-AD 20 2 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95028-X 20 2 782 27 80 XT-IDE 5.25 HH WD 95034-X 30 3 782 27 39 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95044-A 40 4 782 27 28 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95044-X 40 4 782 27 39 XT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95048-A 40 4 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95048-AD 40 4 782 27 69 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD 95048-X 40 4 782 27 80 AT-IDE 5.25 HH WD AB130 32 5 733 17 19 AT-IDE 2.50 WDAH260 63 7 1024 17 19 AT-IDE 2.50 WD AC140 42 5 980 17 18 AT-IDE 3.50 WD AC160 62 7 1024 17 17 AT-IDE 3.50 HH 174 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 WESTERN DIGITAL (Continued) Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor WDAC280 85 10 980 17 18 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD AC2120 125 8 872 35 17 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD AP4200 212 12 987 35 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH WD M1130-44 41 2 1104 33 19 MCA 3.50 HH WD M1130-72 68 4 1104 32 19 MCA 3.50 HH WD SC8320 320 6 2105 35 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WD SC8400 400 8 1900 35 12 SCSI-2 3.50 HH WD SP4200 209 4 1900 35 14 SCSI-2 3.50 HH Condor 320 6 2105 35 13 SCSI 3.50 HH 105 2 1917 35 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Model Number Piranha 105A Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 1000 Cylinders 16 SPT - This is your CMOS setting Piranha 105S 105 2 1917 35 15 SCSI 3.50 HH 210 4 1917 35 15 AT-IDE 3.50 HH Piranha 21 OA Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 950 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting Piranha 21 OS 210 4 1917 35 15 SCSI 3.50 HH XEBEX Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor OWL I 10 4 306 17/32 65 MFM 5.25 HH OWL II 20 4 612 17/32 65 MFM 5.25 HH OWL III 40 4 888 27 38 MFM 5.25 HH © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 175 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 YE-DATA (also see C. Itoh) Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor YD-3042 44 4 788 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3081B 45 2 1057 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3082 87 8 788 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3082B 90 4 1057 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3083B 136 6 1057 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3084B 181 8 1057 42 28 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3161 B 45 2 1057 42 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH YD-3162B 90 4 1057 42 19 AT-IDE 3.50 HH YD-3181B 45 2 1057 42 19 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-31828 90 4 1057 42 19 SCSI 3.50 HH YD-3530 32 5 731 17 - MFM 5.25 HH YD-3540 45 7 731 17 - MFM 5.25 HH ZENTEC Model Number Formatted Capacity No. of Heads No. of Cylinders SPT Avg inms Interface Form Factor ZH 3100 86 - - - 20 AT-IDE SCSI 3.50 HH ZH 3140 121 - - - 20 AT-IDE SCSI 3.50 HH ZH 3240 237 - - - 12 AT-IDE SCSI 3.50 HH ZH 3380 332 - - - 12 AT-IDE SCSI 3.50 HH ZH 3490 427 - - - 12 AT-IDE SCSI 3.50 HH 176 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Controller Information Listed on the following pages are descriptions of common controller cards with performance ratings and jumper settings. The jumper settings listed are the default or most common configuration we've seen. The jumper settings needed to make the card work in your system may be different. Use the settings shown as a reference guide only. Be sure to consult the controller card manual for detailed information. Adaptec Controllers: Adaptec 1520 Adaptec 1522 A 16-bitcontroller that also supports SCSI-2. The 1520 is a hard drive only controller. The 1522 also supports 2 floppy drives. Adaptec 1540A Adaptec 1542A A 16-bit SCSI controller. The 1540A is a hard drive only controller. The 1542A also supports 2 floppy drives. Default Jumpers: In: J5-2, J5-5, J5-6, J6-1, J6-2, J6-3, J6-5, J7-1*, J7-2*, J7-4*, J7-6* J8-4, J9-2, J9-6, J9-7, J9-8 Notes: *Used only on 1522 (floppy jumpers) Default Jumpers: In: J1-10, J6-1, J7-1, J14-2, J15-2, J17 1&2*, J18 1&2* J191&2* Notes: *Used only on 1542 (floppy jumpers) Default Jumpers: All switches off. Adaptec AHA 1542CF A 16-bit SCSI host adapter. Supports a total of 7 internal and external devices. Also supports floppy drives. Adaptec 2070A An 8-bit controller that controls 2 hard drives only.. © CSC 1994 Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: G=C800:CCC Notes: Jumper E-F for removable cartridge O. Jumper G-H for removable cartridge drive 1. Jumper K-L for controller internal diagnostics. Boards with PIN 401400 Rev. C or later are required for use in AT class machines. Hard Drive Bible 177 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Adagtec Controllers (continued): Adaptec 2320A Adaptec 2322A Adaptec 2322A-8 A 16-bit ESDI controller that controls 2 hard drives at 10MHz and supports 1:1 interleave. The 2322A also supports two floppy drives. The 2232A8 supports data rates up to 15MHz. Adaptec 2370A Adaptec 2372A A 16-bit RLL controller that controls 2 hard drives and supports 1: 1interleave. The 2373A also supports 2 floppy drives. Default Jumpers: In: J13 1&2, J18 1&2, J19 1&2*, J20 1&2*, J21 2&3* To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: *2322A only for floppy control. Default Jumpers: In: J14 1&2, J19 1&2, J20 1&2*, J21 2&3*, J22 2&3* To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: *2372A only for floppy control. CCAT Controllers CCAT 200A IDE Card pIn 6620000440 A 16-bit IDE controller that controls 2 IDE drives and 2 floppy drives. Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: E1, E2, and E4 Installed Conner Peripherals Controllers Conner IDE Card pIn 02090-002 A 16-bit IDE paddle board that controlls 2 IDE drive. 178 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CSC Controllers CSC AK-47 VESA SCSI-II A 16-bit high speed SCSI-II controller. Controls up to 7 total internal or external hard, optical, and tape drives. Also supports up to 4 floppy drives. Memory Base Address Setting SW7 SW8 Address Range Off On DOOO-D7FF** On Off D800-DFFF On On C800-CFFF Off Off EOOO-E7FF I/O Base Address Setting SW6 I/O Address Range On 180H - 19FH Off 320H - 33FH** Floppy Drive Enable/Disable SW1 Floppy Control On Disable Floppy Off Enable Floppy Interrupt Select Options CSC Caching ESDI Card A 16-bit caching controller which supports up to a total of7 ESDI hard drive devices, and lup to 4 floppies. Up to 32MB on board cache. JUMPER Jumper W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W9 I/O Address Valid IRQ 180-19FH IRQ14 320-33FH IRQ15 FUNCTIONS AND DEFAULTS Function Default Jumper BIOS Address ON ON BIOS Address ON ON Hard Disk Enable ON ON Fixed Disk Address OFF OFF Floppy Enable ON ON Cache Enable OFF ON DACK2 Enable ON ON Floppy Address 3FX 1/2 IRQ SETTINGS ON SIP SWITCH SW1 IRQ LEVEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 On On Off Off Off Off 12 Off Off On On Off Off 14 Off Off Off Off On On 15 Off Off Off Off Off Off 7 Off Off Off On 8 Off Off Off On NOTES: To disable the hard drive controller: remove the jumper from W# and turn ALL switches on SW1 to OFF. To disable the floppy controller: remove the jumpers from W5 and W7. To disable the Caching Algorithm: install the jumper at W6. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 179 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 esc Controllers (Continued} CSC FastCache 32 Supports up to 7 SCSI devices and 4 floppy drives. Up to 32MB on board cache. A single 8-bit position dip switch is used for hardware configurations and are shown in the table to the right. Floppy Drive Base Address SWO SW1 ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF SW5 0000 Enabled Disabled EOOO 0800 Module Type Bus Speed SW4 ON OFF ON OFF caoo Fast Faster SW2 SW3 ON ON OFF ON OFF ON 256K 1MB 4MB Switches 6&7 control the floppy disk density and should be left ON for standard floppy drives. Switch 8 in not used. CSC FastCache 64 Supports up to 7 SCSI devices and 4 floppy drives. Up to 64MB on board cache. A single 8-bit position dip switch is used for hardware configurations and are shown in the table to the right. Interrupt SW1 SW2 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON Floppy Drive SW3 None IRQ14 IRQ15 Bus Speed SW4 ON OFF Non-Std Standard ON OFF Enabled Disabled Module Type SW5 SW6 ON OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF 256K 1MB 4MB 16MB Base Address 180 Hard Drive Bible SW7 SW8 Address OFF ON OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF C800 0000 0800 EOOO © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CSC Controllers (Continued) CSC IDE FastCache 64 The IDE FastCache 64 controls up to 2 IDE drives and 4 floppy drives and can have up to 64MB of onboard cache memory. Base Address SW1 SW2 ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON SIMMType Address C800* 0000 0800 EOOO SW3 SW4 Module ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF 256KB 1MB 4MB 16MB Bus Compatibility SW5 OFF ON Floppy Drives SW6 Standard* Non-Standard ON OFF IDE Address Drive Interrupt SW7 ON OFF Enabled* Disabled SW8 Primary* Secondary ON OFF Buffered* Unbuffered DTC Controllers DTC 3250 An 8-bit SCSI controller that also controls 2 floppy drives. DTC 3180 DTC 3280 A 16-bit SCSI controller. 3280 also controls floppy drives. © CSC 1994 Default Jumpers: In: W1. ON: SW2-1, SW2-8, SW2-9 To Format, Use: GSDIAG Default Jumpers: W1 2&3, W2 1&2* SW1-8* SW1-1 0* To Format, Use: GSDIAG program Notes: *3280 only for floppy control. Hard Drive Bible 181 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 DTe Controllers (Continued) DTC 3290 An EISA bus SCSI controller with up to 4MB cache RAM. Controls up to 7 SCSI devices and 2 floppies. DTC 5150 An XT (8-bit) MFM controller for 2 hard drives. 2: 1 interleave. DTC 5180C Rev. C DTC 5180C Rev. G DTC 5180CR DTC 5180CRH DTC 51801 These are 16-bit MFM hard drive, 2: 1 interleave controllers. DTC 5187 DTC 5187-1 DTC 5187CR DTC 5187CRH DTC 51871 Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: GSDIAG program Default Jumpers: IN: W1 1&2, W2, W3 2&3 ON: SW4-4 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: C Rev. C: W1 C Rev. G: W2, W3, W6 CR: W4 2&3, W5 2&3 CRH: W5 1&2, W6, W7 I: W42&3 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: 87 & 87-1: W1, W2, W4, W77&8 CR: W1, W4 2&3, W5 1&2, W6, W7, W8 CRH: W1, W4 1&2, W5 2&3 W6, W7, W8 I: W4 2&3, W6, W7, W8 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: All Models: W5, W6 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 These are 16-bit RLL hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers. DTC 5280CA-1 DTC 5280Cl-1 DTC 5280CRA DTC 5280CRZ DTC 52801 These are 16-bit MFM hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers that also control 2 floppy drives. 182 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 OTC Controllers (Continued) OTC 5387 OTC 5287CR OTC 52871 These are 16-bit RLL hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers that also control 2 floppy drives. OTC 6180A OTC 6280A A 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controller for 2 hard dives at 10MHz. Model 6280 also controls 2 floppy drives. OTC 6180-15T OTC 6280-15T Default Jumpers: 87:W3, W5, W6, W7 CR: W5, W6 2&3, W8, W10 I: W5, W6, W8, W10 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: 6180: W3, SW1-4 6280: W2 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: 6180-15T: W4 2&3, SW1-1, SW1-4 SW1-7, SW1-8 6280-15T: SW1-2, SW1-6, SW1-9 SW1-10 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: 6180-15TX: W4 1&2, W5 1&2, SW1-1, SW1-4, SW1-7, SW1-8. 6280-15TX: W4 1&2, W5 1&2 SW1-2, SW1-6, SW1-9, SW1-10. 6282-24: W1 5&6, W1 7&8, W1 9&10, W2 21&22, W2 25&26. To Format, Use: G=C800 Default Jumpers: 6290-24: SW1-4, SW1-5 6290E: SW1-4, To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: Supports translation mode for large capacity drives. A 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controller for 2 hard dives at 10MHz. Model 6280-15T also controls 2 floppy drives. OTe 6180-15TX OTC 6280-15TX OTC 6282-24 These are 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controllers that control 2 hard drives. Models 628015TX and 6282-24 also control 2 floppy drives. These controllers can operate at data rates up to 15MHz. OTC 6290-24 OTC 6290E EISA, ESDI, 1:1 interleave controllers with up to 4MB cache. Controls up to 4 ESDI drives and 2 floppies. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 183 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 OTC Controllers (Continued) DTC 6195 DTC 6295 EISA, ESDI, 1: 1 interleave hard drive controller. Model 6295 also controls 2 floppy drives. DTC 7180 DTC 7280 An MFM, 1: 1interleave hard drive controler. Model 7280 also supports 2 floppy drives.. DTe 7187 DTC 7287 An RLL, 1: 1 interleave hard drive controller. Model 7287 also supports 2 floppy drives. DTK Controllers (Data Enterprises) Default Jumpers: 6195: SW1-4 6295: SW1-4, SW1-8 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: Supports translation mode for large capacity drives. Default Jumpers: 7180: W4 2&3, W6 7280: W5, W6 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: 7187: W4 2&3, W6, W7, W8 7287:W5, W6, W8 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: W1 1&2, W2 1&2, W3 2&3 To Format, Use: DOS Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: SpeedStor or Disk Manager PTI·215 A 16-bit IDE controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. Everex Controllers Everex EV·346 A 16-bit, 1: 1 interleave, MFM hard drive and floppy controller 184 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Future Domain Controllers Default Jumpers: W1 &W2 To Format, Use: Future Domain Software Future Domain TMC-885 An 8-bit SCSI host adapter, also controls 2 floppy drives. Future Domain TMC-1670SVP A 16-bit SCSI-2 host adapter, also controls 2 floppy drives. Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: Future Domain TMC-1660 DNK Future Domain TMC-1680 DNK A 16-bit SCSI-2 host adapter. The 1680 also controls 2 floppy drives. Longshine Controllers Future Domain Software Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: Future Domain Software Default Jumpers: 1-8 heads: JP1 1&2 9-16 heads: JP1 2&3 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: JP5, lower two pins jumpered. To Format, Use: DIAGS, Speedstor, or Disk Manager Longshine LCS-6210D An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives. NCL Controllers NOC 5125 A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 185 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Seagate Controllers Seagate ST-01 Seagate ST-02 An 8-bit SCSI controller for up to 7 devices. ST-02 also supports 2 floppy drives. Seagate ST-05X An 8-bit XT-IDE controller for up to 2 hard drives. Seagate ST-07A Seagate ST-DBA A16-bit AT-IDE controller for up to 2 hard drives. Model ST-08A also controls up to 2 floppy drives. Seagate ST-11M Seagate ST-11R ST-11M is an 8-bit MFM drive controller. ST-11R is an 8-bit RLL hard drive controller. Seagate S1-21 M Seagate S1-21 R Seagate ST-22M Seagate S1-22R ST-21M and ST-22M are 16-bit MFM hard drive controllers. ST-21R and ST-22R are 16-bit RLL controllers. ST-22M and ST-22R also control 2 floppy drives. 186 Hard Drive Bible Default Jumpers: JP5 N&O*, JP6 Q&R. To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: * for ST-02 only. Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: DOS Default Jumpers: JP4 1&2*, JP5 1&2. To Format, Use: DOS Notes: *for ST-08A only Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: JP4* To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: * ST-22M & ST-22R only © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SMS/OMTI Controllers Default Jumpers: W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3 1&2, W42&3. To Format, Use: G=C800:5 or OMTIDISK Notes: HA7 BIOS may cause partitioning problems with DOS 4.0 or later Default Jumpers: W5, W7, W17, W21, W24, W28, W32, W33 1&2, W35, W382&3. To Format, Use: G=D800:6 Notes: Drivers for Novell and more than 2 SCSI drives are available. May not operate in machines with 8MHz bus speed and no wait states. Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: G=C800:6 Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: G=C800:6 Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: G=C800:6 SMS/ OMTI 510 An 8-bit SCSI controller for 2 hard drives only. SMS/OMTI 822 A 16-bit SCSI controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. SMS/OMTI 5520 An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives only. SMS/OMTI 5527 An 8-bit RLL controller for 2 hard drives only. SMS/OMTI 8120 A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives only. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 187 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SMS/OMTI Controllers (Continued) SMS/OMTI8140 SMS/OMTI 8240 A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives. Supports 1: 1 interleave and fast (average 700 Kb/ sec transfer). The 8240 also supports 2 floppy drives. SMS/OMTI 8630 A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. Operates with drive rates up to 10 MHz. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and has a 32K lookahead cache. SMS/OMTI8640 A 16-bitESDI controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. Operates with drive rates up to 15 MHz. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and has a 32K lookahead cache. Storage Dimensions Controllers Storage Dimensions SDC-801 Storage Dimensions SDC-802 An 8-bit SCSI host adapter. SDC-802 also controls 2 floppy drives. 188 Hard Drive Bible Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: OMTIDISK software. Notes: Incompatible with some motherboards due to timing problem, but runs solid as a rock in boards that comply with the original IBM-AT bus timing specifications. Default Jumpers: W17, W20 2&3, W23, W24, W25. To Format, Use: G=CAOO:6 Default Jumpers: W17, W20 2&3, W23, W24, W25. To Format, Use: G=CAOO:6 Notes: No known compatibility problems; a good universal card. Default Jumpers: SDC-801: JP1-3 SDC-802: W3 To Format, Use: SpeedStor or Disk Manager © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Ultrastor Controllers Ultrastor 12C AI: 1 interleave caching controller for 2 ESDI drives at up to 24MHz. Also controls up to 3 floppy drives. Up to 16MB of caching memory can be installed. Ultrastor 12F Ultrastor 12F-24 AI: 1 interleave controller for 2 ESDI drives at up to 22MHz. Also controls up to 3 floppy drives. The 12F-24 supports 24MHz drives. Ultrastor 15C Ultrastor 15CM A caching controller for 2 IDE drives and 3 floppy drives. Up to 8 MB of cache memory can be installed. The 15 CM also provides 2 serial ports, 2 parallel ports, and a game port. Ultrastor 22C Ultrastor 22F An ESDI bus ESDI controller for 2 hard drives only. Supports 24 MHz drives. The 22C caching controller supports up to 16 MB of cache memory. Ultrastor 24C Ultrastor 24F An EISA bus SCSI controller for up to 7 devices and 3 floppy drives. The 24C supports up to 16 MB of cache memory. © esc 1994 Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Hard Drive Bible 189 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Wangtec Controllers Default Jumpers: E 3&4, E 8&9, E 11&12, W1, W2, W5. Notes: See manual for switch settings and DMA and Interrupt jumpers. Most reported problems with this card are a result of DMA interrupt conflicts. Default Jumpers: W13&4 To Format, Use: DOS Default Jumpers: W1 3&4, W2 1&2 To Format, Use: DOS Default Jumpers: W3 3&4, W4 1&2, W7 3&4, W7 5&6, W7 7&8, W8 1&2, 5&6, 9&10, W9 1&2, W9 3&4 To Format, Use: DOS Default Jumpers: No jumpers on board To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: Does not support daisy-chain cables. A separate cable must be used for each drive. Wangtec EV·831 Controls QIC-36 tape drives. Western Digital Controllers Western Digital WD AT140 A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE drives. Western Digital WD AT240 A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE drives and 2 floppy drives. Western Digital WD AT440 A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE drives and 2 floppy drives. This board also has 2 serial ports and 1 parallel port. WeslernDigilal WD XT140 An 8-bit adapter board for 2 XT type IDE drives. 190 Hard Drive Bible we we © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Western Digital Controllers (Continued) Default Jumpers: W1 2&3, W2 1&2, W3 1&2 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Notes: Does not support daisy-chain cables. Default Jumpers: See manual To Format, Use: See manual Default Jumpers: GEN: No jumpers on board GEN2: None GEN2R: None To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Western Digital WD XT150R An 8-bit adapter board for 1 XT type IDE drive. Western Digital WD SCS-XTAT An 8-bit SCSI host adapter for AT and XT type computers. Western Digital WD XTGEN Western Digital WD XTGEN2 Western Digital WD XTGENR XT-GEN and XT-GEN2 are 8-bit MFM controllers for 2 hard drives only. XT-GENR is an 8-bit RLL controller. Western Digital WD 1002A-FOX F001/003 The FOOl controls 2 floppy drives only (No BIOS on card). The F003 includes a ROM BIOS. Western Digital WD 1002A-FOX F002/004 F002 controls 4 floppy drives only. F004 has a BIOS on card which permits installation of 1.2 and 1.44 MB drives in XT machines that normally only support 360K or 720K drives. © CSC 1994 Default Jumpers: I W42&3 Default Jumpers: W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3 1&2 W5 2&3, W6 2&3. To Format, Use: DOS Notes: Uses WD-37C65 chip, works well in 286/386 machines. Hard Drive Bible 191 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Western Digital Controllers (Continued) Western Digital WD 1002-27X Western Digital WD 1002A-27X Default Jumpers: 1002-27X: W3, W4 2&3, W6 2&3, W8 2&3 S1-5, S1-6, W9 1002A-27X: W1, W2. To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: W3, W4 2&3, W6 2&3, W8 2&3, S1-8 (AT Mode) To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: W6 2&3, W4 2&3, W5 1&2 To Format, Use: DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk Manager Default Jumpers: E 2&3, E 4&5, E 7&8 To Format, Use: DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk Manager Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk Manager Default Jumpers: None Installed To Format, Use: DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk Manager An 8-bit RLL controller for 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 1002A-WX1 An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 1003-WAH A 16-bit MFM, 3: 1 interleave controller that supports 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 1003-WA2 Controls 2 hard drives at 3: I interleave and 2 floppy drives. Western Digital WD 1003V-MM1 Western Digital WD 1003V-MM2 MMI is a 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives at 2: 1 interleave. MM2 also controls 2 floppy drives. Western Digital WD 1003V-SR1 Western Digital WD 1003V-SR2 SRI is a I6-bit controller for 2 hard drives at 2: 1 interleave. SR2 also controls 2 floppy drives. 192 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Western Digital Controllers (Continued) Western Digital WD 1004-27X Western Digital WD 1004A-27X Default Jumpers: W25 To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: See manual To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: See manual To Format, Use: G=C800:5 Default Jumpers: No jumpers on board To Format, Use: System supplied software. Default Jumpers: No jumpers installed To Format, Use: DIAGS, SpeedStor or Disk Manager Default Jumpers: None installed To Format, Use: C800:5 An 8-bit controller for 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 1004A-WX1 An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 10045A-WAH An ESDI controller for 2 hard drives only. Western Digital WD 1006V-MC1 Western Digital WD 1006V-MCR Mel is an MFM micro channel controller, and MeR is an RLL micro channel controller. Western Digital WD 1006V-MM1 Western Digital WD 1006V-MM2 MMI is a 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives at I: I inteleave. MM2 also controls 2 floppy drives. Western Digital WD 1006V-SR1 Western Digital WD 1006V-SR2 SRI is a 16-bit RLL controller for 2 hard drives at I: I inteleave. SR2 also controls 2 floppy drives. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 193 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Western Digital Controllers (Continued} Western Digital WD 1007A·WA2 A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives and 2 floppy drives. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and 10MBits/sec transfer. Western Digital WD 1007A-WAH A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives. 10 Mb/ps at 1: 1 interleave. Western Digital WD 1007V-MC1 A micro channel controller for 2 ESDI drives. Western Digital WD 1007V·SE1 Western Digital WD 1007V·SE2 A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives at 1: 1 interleave with 32K loo-ahead cache. Model SE2 also controls 2 floppy drives. Western Digital WD 1009V·SE1 Western Digital WD 1009V-SE2 A high-speed 16-bit ESDI controller with 64K cache, 1: 1 interleave, and up to 24Mbitlsec transfer. Available in ISA or EISA bus models. Model SE2 also supports up to 3 floppy drives. 194 Hard Drive Bible Default Jumpers: See manual To Format, Use: C800:5 Default Jumpers: W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3 To Format, Use: C800:5 Default Jumpers: No jumpers on board To Format, Use: System supplied software Default Jumpers: W7 1&2, W8 2&3 To Format, Use: G=CCOO:5 or C800:5 is W8 is jumpered to 1&2. Default Jumpers: W2 2&3(floppy), W3 1&2, W7 (EISA only) To Format, Use: C800:5 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Western Digital Controllers (Continued) Western Digital WD 7000 FASST Default Jumpers: SA3, SA4, SA6, SA?, SA13, SA14, SA15, SA16, W1 1&2, W2 3&4, W2 9&10, W5 To Format, Use: Supplied Software Notes: Negotiates for synchronous SCSI transfer. Drivers available for Novell and Xenix. A 16-bit SCSI controller that supports up to 7 SCSI devices and 2 floppy drives. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 195 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 196 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Connector Pinouts The following pages contain pinout information on various interfaces. IDE Interface Pinout Table D - IDE Pinouts Pin Number Signal Pin Number Signal 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 -Host Reset +Host Data 7 +Host Data 6 +Host Data 5 +Host Data 4 +Host Data 3 +Host Data 2 +Host Data 1 +Host Data 0 Ground Reserved -Host lOW -Host lOR Reserved Reserved +Host IRQ 14 +Host ADDR 1 +Host ADDR 0 -Host CSO -Host SLV/ACT 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Ground +Host Data 8 +Host Data 9 +Host Data 10 +Host Data 11 +Host Data 12 +Host Data 13 +Host Data 14 +Host Data 15 Key Ground Ground Ground +Host ALE Ground +Host 1016 -Host PDIAG +Host ADDR 2 -Host CS1 Ground ESDI Pinouts Table E - ESDI Control Signals - Jl/Pl © CSC 1994 Control Signal Name Ground Signal Pin Transmission -Head Select 3 -Head Select 2 -Write Gate -Config/-Status Data -Transfer Ack -Attention -Head Select 0 -Sector/-Address Mark Found -Head Select 1 -Index -Ready -Transfer Request -Drive Select 1 -Drive Select 2 -Drive Select 3 -Read Gate 1 3 5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 To Drive To Drive To Drive To Controller To Controller To Controller To Drive To Controller To Drive To Controller To Controller To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 Hard Drive Bible 197 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 ESDI Pinouts (Continued) Table F - ESDI Data Signals - J2/P2 Control Signal Name Ground -Drive Selected -Sector Address Mark Found -Seek Complete -Address Mark Enable -Reserved for Step Mode +Write Clock -Write Clock -Cartridge Changed +Read Reference Clock -Read Reference Clock +NRZ Write Data -NRZ Write Data +NRZ Read Data -NRZ Read Data Signal Pin Transmission 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 17 18 20 To Controller To Controller To Controller To Drive To Controller To Drive To Drive To Controller To Controller To Controller To Drive To Drive To Controller To Controller To Controller 6 12 15,16 19 Table G - ESDI DC Power - J3/P3 +12 Volts DC +5 Volts DC VOLTAGE GROUND 1 2 3 4 TRANSMISSION To Drive To Drive IBM 110 Channel Pinout Table H - I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides C & D) 198 Hard Drive Bible PIN SIGNAL NAME PIN SIGNAL NAME C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 SBHE LA23 LA22 LA21 LA20 LA19 LA18 LA17 IMEMR IMEMW SD08 8D09 8D10 8D11 8012 SD13 SD14 SD15 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 08 D9 D10 011 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 017 D18 IMEMCS16 IIOCS16 IRQ10 IRQ11 IRQ12 IRQ15 IRQ14 10ACKO DRQO IDACK5 ORQ5 IOACK6 DRQ6 IDACK7 OR07 +5VCC IMASTER GND © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 IBM 110 Channel Pinout (Continued) Table I - 110 Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides A & B) PIN SIGNAL NAME PIN SIGNAL NAME A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A31 IIOCHCK S07 S06 S05 S04 S03 S02 S01 SOO IIOCHROY AEN SA19 SA18 SA17 SA16 SA15 SA14 SA13 SA12 SA11 SA10 SA9 SA8 SA7 SA6 SA5 SA4 SA3 SA2 SA1 SAO B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25 826 B27 B28 829 B30 B31 GNO RESETORV +5VCC IRQ9 -5VCC ORQ2 -12VCC OWS +12VCC GNO ISMEMW ISMEMR flOW IIIOR IOACK3 ORQ3 fOACK1 ORQ1 IREFRESH ClK IRQ7 IA06 IAQ5 IAQ4 IAQ3 IOACK2 TIC ALE +5VCC OSC GNO 81-506 Pinout Table K - ST-506 Control Signals - JIIPI © CSC 1994 Control Signal Name Groundl Signal Pin Transmission -Head Select 8 -Head Select 4 -Write Gate -Seek Complete -Track 0 -Write Fault -Head Select 1 Reserved (To J2 pin 7) -Head Select 2 -Index -Ready -Step -Drive Select 1 -Drive Select 2 -Drive Select 3 -Drive Select 4 -Direction In 1 3 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 To Drive To Drive To Drive To Controller To Controller To Controller To Drive 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 - -- - - To Drive To Controller To Controller To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive To Drive Hard Drive Bible 199 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SCSI Pinout IDCPIN NUMBER CENTRONICS PIN NUMBER 1 1 2 26 3 2 4 27 5 3 6 28 7 4 8 29 9 5 10 30 11 6 12 31 13 7 14 32 15 8 16 33 17 9 18 34 19 10 20 35 21 11 MAC DB-25 PIN NUMBER SINGLE-ENDED SIGNAL NAME DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL NAME Ground Shield Ground 8 -Data Bus Bit 0 Ground Ground +DB (0) 21 -Data Bus Bit 1 -DB (0) Ground +DB (1) 22 10 23 -Data Bus Bit 2 -DB (1) Ground +DB (2) -Data Bus Bit 3 -DB (2) Ground +DB (3) -Data Bus Bit 4 -DB (3) Ground +DB (4) 11 -Data Bus Bit 5 -DB (4) Ground +DB (5) 12 -Data Bus Bit 6 -DB (5) Ground +DB (6) 13 20 7 -Data Bus Bit 7 -DB (6) Ground +DB (7) -Data Bus Parity Bit -DB (7) Ground +DB (P) Ground -DB (P) Ground DIFFSENS 22 36 23 12 24 37 24 Ground Ground 25 13 25 Not Connected TERMPWR 26 38 Terminator Power Source TERMPWR 27 14 Ground Ground 28 39 Ground Ground 29 15 Ground +ATN 30 40 31 16 32 41 33 17 34 42 35 18 36 43 37 19 38 44 39 20 40 45 41 21 42 46 43 22 44 47 45 23 46 48 47 24 48 49 49 25 50 50 200 Hard Drive Bible 9 14 16 Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground -ATN Ground Ground -ATN (Attention) Ground Ground +BSY 18 Ground -BSY Ground +ACK 6 -BSY (Busy) -ACK Ground +RST 17 5 -ACK (Acknowledge) -RST Ground +MSG -RST (Reset Bus) -MSG Ground +SEL 2 -MSG (Message) -SEL Ground +C/D 19 -SEL (Select) -C/O Ground +REQ -C/O (Command/Data) -REQ Ground +1/0 4 15 1 3 -REQ (Request) -I/O Ground Ground -I/O (Input/Output) Ground © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Table L - ST-506 Data Signals - J2/P2 Control Signal Name -Drive Selected Reserved Reserved Reserved (To J1 pin 16) Reserved Reserved Ground +MFM Write Data -MFM Write Data Ground +MFM Read Data -MFM Read Data Ground Ground Signal Pin Transmission 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 10 To Controller 13 14 To Drive To Drive 17 18 To Controller To Controller --- - - - -- -- - - - - - --- - - ----- 11,12 - - --- 15,16 ---- - 19,20 Table M - ST-506 DC Power - J31P3 +12 Volts DC +5 Volts DC VOLTAGE GROUND 1 4 2 3 TRANSMISSION To Drive To Drive SA-400 Pinout Table N - SA-400 Interface Signals and Pin Designations Signal Name HD (High Density) I LSP (Speed) In Use/Head Load -Drive Select 3 -Index Pulse -Drive Select 0 -Drive Select 1 -Drive Select 2 -Motor On -Direction Select -Step -Write Data -Write Gate -Track 00 -Write Protect -Read Data -Side One Select -Ready/Disk Change © CSC 1994 Direction Signal Pin Number Return Pin Number Out/In Input Input Output Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Output Output Output Input Output 2 4 6 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 Hard Drive Bible 201 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 OIC·36 Pinout The QIC-36 interface is implemented through a 50-pin dual inline header. The suggested mating connector is a 3M PIN 3425-60XX, 3425-70XX or equivalent. Maximum cable length is 10 feet (3 meters). The connector pins are numbered 1 to 50. All odd pins are signal returns and are connected to the controller board ground. Table 0 shows pin assignments. Table 0 - QIC-36 Connector Pin Assignments Description Tape Motion Enable Tape Direction Control Track Select 2/3 Track Select 2/2 Track Select 2/1 Track Select 2/0 Reset (Initialize Drive) Reserved (not used) Reserved (not used) Reserved (not used) Drive Select 0 High Write Current Read Data (Pulse Output) Upper Tape Position Code Lower Tape Position Code Drive Select Response Cartridge In Place Unsafe (No Write Protect) Capstan Tachometer Pulse Write Data Signal Write Data Signal + Threshold (35% Read Margin) High Speed Slew Select Write Enable Erase Enable 202 Hard Drive Bible Signal Source Pin Return GOREVTR3TR2TR1TRORSTDS3DS2DS1DSOHCRDPUTHLTHSLDCINUSFTCHWDAWDA+ TDHHSDWENEEN- C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D C C C C C C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Drive Jumpers The following pages contain information on jumper settings for common hard drives. For more complete information, refer to the OEM manual available from your supplier. Atasi 3085 NC DIAGNOSTIC OUT DIAGNOSTIC IN RADIAL MODE DRIVESELO DRIVESEL 1 DRIVE SEL 2 DRIVESEL3 RUN/STOP ENABLE RESET GROUND NC +5v 5VRET 12V RET +12V Figure 11 - Atasi 3085 Jumper Locations CDC Wren III Series ARROW PIN I IDENTIFIER ARROW PIN I I. I' INTERFACE CABLE MOTOR START OPTION Figure 12 - CDC Wren III Series Jumper Locations © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 203 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 esc Wren III Series (SCSI Jumpers) DRIVE LOGICAL SELECT ADDRESS JUMPERS re•., o l!....~ re.~ 1 l!....~ *DRIVE DRIVEIDANDOPTION lLEcrHEADER***TE~ATORPOWER SOJdltCESELEGrJUl\1PER SELECT JUMPER \ • l.!J~. .I!J • l!J irel~. rel~~1 I :::::...JI ~ rer-l" 2 l!...l!J~ rer-l~ 3 l!...1!1~ 4 ~• . , U!...~ 5 ~.lij ------ M210P~ ~. DRIVE SELECT 0-7 **PARITY CHECK (BINARY CODED) MOTOR START OPTION**** k·~ 6 ~r-I" U!..l!I~ 7 ~C]] * Drive ID is binary coded jumper position (most significant bit on left). Le., jumper in position 2 would be Drive ID 4, no jumpers mean ID O. ** Jumper plug installed means parity checking by the WREN III is enabled. *** Jumper in vertical position means terminator power (+5V) is from WREN III power connector. Jumper in horizontal position means terminator power is taken from interface cable. If unit is not terminated, TP jumper is to be left off. **** Jumper plug installed enables Motor Start Option. In this mode of operation, the drive will wait for a Start Unit command from the Host before starting the motor. If the jumper plug is not installed, the motor will start as soon as DC power is applied to the unit. Figure 13 - 204 Hard Drive Bible esc Wren III Series Jumper Location © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC Wren III Series (ESDI &SCSI) DRIVE SELECT JUMPER CONFIGURATIONS TERMINATING RESISTOR PACK Illi I:· I I I I •• • •••• DATA CABLE CONNECTOR DRIVE SELECT I DRIVE SELECT 2 DRIVE SELECT 3 DRIVE SELECT 4 DRIVE SELECT 5 DRIVE SELECT 6 DRIVE SELECT 7 POWER NOTE: UNIT SELECT ZERO (NO JUMPER) IS INVALID ~ ~ I +12V 2 +12V RET 3 +5V RET 4+5V ...--_------ DC POWER CONNECTOR JUMPERS FOR MOTOR START OPTION DRIVE SELECT PARITY CHECK SELECT AND TERMINATOR POWER SOURCE POWER ~ ~ 1 2 3 4 +12V +12V RET +5V RET +5V DC POWER CONNECTOR Figure 14 - CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI) Jumper Locations © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 205 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 CDC Wren VSeries t"'" o Cl n > t"'" > o ~ ~ en DRIVE SELECT JUMPERS 1""- - o - - -, ~~_:__:j 4 2 1 4 [4] [4] 2 I '-y--'I [2] [3] [1] Figure 15 - CDC Wren VSeries Jumper Location Conner IDE Drives All Conner IDE drives use some of the jumpers shown in Table P. Table II - Conner IDE Drive Jumpers Jumper Configuration ACT* C/O OSp** One Drive In In Out 2 Drive Master In In In Out Out Out 2 Drive Slave *Some drives do not have ACT, use C/D and DSP only **Some drives do not have ACT or DSP, use C/D only. 206 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner CPF 1060 SCSI TERMINATORS HDA CONNECTOR J1 c::J ,1111I·"'l -i! ..i • ~IIIIIIIU'" Spindle sync~ LED Drive _______ J8 • 0 o TWRMPWR OUTPUT ENABLE J2 pin 1 E~ J4 pin 1 E7 • 0° Alternate LED Drive Conner 2000 Series MASTER/SLAVE SELECT M/S C/O © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 207 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner 3000 series/3044 LED DRIVE CAPABILITY '\ HSP c/o JUMPER DSP ACT Conner 30060 208 Hard Drive Bible © csc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner 30064 I E1 CID DSP II E1 DSP CID E1 I=P/N: 07590-XXX, 03790-XXX II=PIN: 02730-001,-002 III=PIN: 02730-003 Conner30104H © csc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 209 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner30174E HDA CONNECTOR Conner 30200 Spindle Sync HDA Connector J4, Pin 1 Power 210 Hard Drive Bible © CSC1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 HDA Conner 30204 LED SPIN/SYNC \ C/O E1 E2 E3 ~PNSYNC LJQ.QLJ DSP To 00 00 Conner 30254 ATA/ISA JUMPER © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 211 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Conner 3040 LED~ J3, Pin 1 Power Conner 31370 HDA CONNECTOR o J2 J1 Spindle Sync", LED '" Drive 1.1.--........- ------- TERMPWR OUTPUT ENABLE J2 pin 1 J4 pin 1 OE1 OE3 OE5 Alternate LED Drive 212 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Conner 3184 LED CAPABILITY SERIAL\UT JUMPER OPTIONS I SEE DETAIL A DETAIL A Conner 3200X 10 PIN PORT PLUS 2 PIN LED CONNECTOR PIN 1=+5 PIN 2 =GND © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 213 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner 3360/3540 J2, PIN 1 50 PIN SCSI ConnerCFA340A 214 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 ConnerCF340A ATAIISA JUMPER C/D JUMPER HDA CONNECTOR J4 OPTIONAL 3-PIN POWER CONNECTOR I GII'fI J2, PIN 1 40-PIN TASK FILEl) INTERFACE J6, STANDARD 4-PIN POWER CONNECTOR Conner 344 © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 215 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Conner 5500 216 Hard Drive Bible PIN 1 POWER © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Fujitsu 2244,2245, 2246 All of these Fujitsu drives use identical electronics. CNH7 selects the size of the HDA. (Fault lamp) FLT 3 2 1 Parts mounting view 0000 ICHN~ ~HN61 leRN ~ Terminator • • • 20-pin Card edge • • • 34-pin Card edge : Control PCB Power Card edge Jumpers are inserted as follows when shipped from the factory. CNH7: Between 1 and 2, 3 and 4,9 and 10, and 15 and 16 CNH6: Between 1 and 2, and 15 and 16 CNH5: Between 11 and 12, and 15 and 16 CNH4: Between 5 and 6 CNH2: Between 15 and 16 The following settings are model specific. CNH7: M2246 Between 3 and 4 M2245 Between 5 and 6 M2244 No jumpers between 3 and 4, or 5 and 6. * Identify that the LSI (M35) is MB 114T071. See Appendix in manual which describes the shorting plug settings in case that the LSI is MB 113T047 Figure 16 - Fujitsu 2244,2245, & 2246 Shorting Plug Locations Fujitsu 226X Series Note: The read-ahead cache on this drive may not work with all controllers. .--, : : Power Connector (CN2) • I L_.J r-" I I iD iO ; I :/ SCSI terminating resistors IS CNH3 16 161.--...J 2 I c::::J 2 13~-" 14~13 ~ CNH4 ~ 10 2 I \0 1 15r----11 10 CNHI SCSI Connector (CNl) 15 CN? 2 CNH2 16 D IoN 3 42 I Figure 17 - Fujitsu 226X Series Jumper Locations © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 217 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Fujitsu 226X Series (CONTINUED) 10 12 14 16 l0 II 13 15 CSI time monitoring UNIT mode ATTENTION report mode '--v-'" l II 9 13 LL 15 L L Synchronous mode transfer 3 to 4 MB/s transfer SCSI bus parity Motor start mode PER default value MODE SELECT parameter rounding process report Message mode INQUIRY data User setting disabled LED display requirement I I CNH4 2 4 8 6 IQllQlo 0 IQltQI 0 10 12 14 2 16 [I] OIQlO 0 0 0 !QI 0 II 13 0 15 I l 3 ~ '--rl '--rl '--y----I 4 LUser setting disabled Drive type (user change disabled) (Setting at shipment differs depending on the IDD model type M2263SxlHx are indicated in this figure.) L L SCSI terminating resistor power User setting disabled Figure 18 - Fujitsu 226X Series Jumper Settings CN3 CN9 13 Note: This figure shows M226xS·s. In M226xH. the setting terminal (CNH4) exists between CN9 and CN3. Pin assignments ofCN9 and CN3 are the same as M226xS's 11 DIDIDIDIDIDID DDDDDDD 14 12 10 .....1 ' 6 I I 4 L - Start/stop offline self-diagnostics (User setting inhibited) " ' - - - - - - - - Enable/disable Read-Ahead cache feature i......--------:Enable/disable SCSI time monitoring feature ~----------SCSI ID Figure 19 - Fujitsu 226X Jumper Settings (Continued) 218 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK514C (PCB Rev ND2 or later) JP257 III 2 1 JP292 I I TM195 TM199 5g 5mm ~-------------------------------~ r------------.. I I I I :L I Note: J3 ; Jl : 2 1 ._-----------------------------_. .I: I The terminator of the DK514C must be removed except for the last drive of the daisy-chain. Figure 20a - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 219 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK514C (Continued) 1) SCSI ID setting jumper (lP292 Bits 2° - 22) SCSI 10 Jumpers Settings 22 2 1 2° IP292 SCSI 10# 0 12 11 1 2° 21 22 23 24 25 2 ., ] SCSI ID Jumpers 3 4 ...SCSI bus parity jumper 5 6 7 1 .1 k Shipped with ID# =0 2) SCSI bus parity jumper (JP292 bit 23) 1: Disables SCSI bus parity 0: Enables SCSI bus parity Note: 0 = Jumper plug installed 1 =Jumper plug removed 3) Terminator power on/off jumper (lP198 bit 26) 3 4 ~ + 5V source for terminator is supplied from the SCSI bus or the controller 1 2 3 4 l!SI 1 2 + 5V source for terminator is supplied only from the controller (default) • Jumper installed D User changeable (Green Jumper) Figure 20b - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings 220 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK514C (Continued) 4) Write protect jumper Jumper plug JP 257 bit 2 1 No. 1 2 1 B 4 3 2 1 Bit 2° 21 Bit [8]2 0 2 o 21 0 4 3 Meaning Write protected. The DK514C Can only be read from and cannot be written to. Read or Write. The DK514C is enabled for both read and write operations. This jumper is installed in the read/write position when shipped from the factory. 5) Motor Start/Stop option jumper No. Jumper plug JP 257 bit 22 4 1 3 ~" Bit 2° 21 2 1 4 2 3 ~ 2 1 Bit 2° 21 Meaning When the motor start/stop option is not selected, the spindle motor is started when the DK514C power is applied. (Note 1) When the motor start/stop option is selected, the spindle motor is started by using a SCSI command. When shipped from the factory, this jumper is installed in position #1 (option not selected). When the motor start/stop option (No.2) is selected, the drive enters the motor stop state when its power is turned on. Use the Start/Start Unit command (lBH) to start or stop the drive. Note 1: When the motor start/stop option is used, the controller does not respond to the host for about 35 seconds from Powerup to Drive Ready Figure 201: - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 221 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK514C (Continued) (PCB Rev AlDI or earlier) 210l JP2S7 1~ 2 1 12 11 JP261 I TM195 I I ~199 I JP~8 1--------------1 L Jl ...J ~ NOTE: The terminator of the DK514C must be removed except on the last drive of the Daisy Chain. Figure 21a - 52916 PCB Jumper Locations 222 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi OK514C (Continued) 1) SCSI ID setting jumper (JP292 Bits 2° - 22 ) JP292 SCSI 10 Jumpers Settings 12 11 22 2 1 2° 2° 21 22 23 24 25 ] - SCSI ID Setting Jumpers ...SCSI Bus parity Jumpers SCSI 10# 0 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 6 7 Shipped with ID# =0 2) SCSI bus parity jumper (JP292 bit 23) 1: Disables SCSI bus parity 0: Enables SCSI bus parity Note: 0 = Jumper plug installed 1 =Jumper plug removed 3) Terminator power on/off jumper (JP198 bit 26) - ~ + 5V source for terminator is supplied from the SCSI bus or the controller + 5V source for terminator is supplied only from the controller (default) Figure 2fb - 5Z916 PCB Jumper Locations © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 223 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Hitachi DK514C (Continued) 4) Write protect jumper No. Meanin JP257 1 (JP261) JP257 2 (JP261) Write protected. The DK514C can only be read from and cannot be written to. Read or Write. The DK514C is enabled for both read and write operations. This jumper is installed in the read/write position when shipped from the factory. 5) Motor Start/Stop option jumper No. Jumper plug JP 261 Meaning ~ 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 .. JP257 (JP261) -0 :8: 0 0 =::: JP257 (JP261) When the motor start/stop option is not selected, the spindle motor is started when the DK514C power is applied. (Note 1) When the motor start/stop option is selected, the spindle motor is started by using a SCSI command. When shipped from the factory, this jumper is installed in position #1 (option not selected). When the motor start/stop option (No.2) is selected, the drive enters the motor stop state when its power is turned on. Use the Start/Stop Unit command (IBH) to start or stop the drive. Note 1: When the motor start/stop option is used, the controller does not respond to the host for about 35 seconds from Powerup to Drive Ready Figure 21c - SZ916 PCB Jumper Locations 224 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK 515 7 1 JP213~ 00 001 e Drive Address • Write Protect :0000 8 2 JP224 J4 • Terminator Switch I TM223, .--',~ eTenninator Module II]_ "I Jl l n JP281 • Terminator Switch II I I J3 I I JP282 • Synchronized Spindle Mode • Motor Control • Sector LenQth I I I I LJ Figure 22 - SZ931 PCB Layout (PCB Rev. 0) 7 1 8 2 JP213~ 00001 0000 • Drive Address • Write Protect JP224 J4 • Terminator Switch I ,~ ----: .--.: Jl TM223 ·Terminator Module n JP282 • Sector Mose Select • Synchronized Spindle Mode • Motor Control • Sector LenQ:th 13 1 0000000 0000000 14 2 I I I J3 I I I I I LJ Figure 23a - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 1 or later) © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 225 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK515 (Continued) (i) Drive Address Jumper (JP213, Pin 1-6) Drive address can be selected by using the jumper switch (JP213) the jumper setting and the selected drive address is shown in the following table. Drive #0 is not used. Jumper Settings for Drive Address Drive No. None #1 (8)rool(7) 6 IT:)l)l_ _5 (8)rool(7) 10-01 LQ O-.J 1 Drive No. 2 1 #5 #4 (8) 6 . #7 #6 (7) (8) (7) (8) (7) (8) (7) 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 2 1 10 01 2 #3 6rQ()l5 10 01 2 #2 10 01 LQ O-.Jl 2' 1 Drive #1 is selected when shipped from the factory Figure 2Sb - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later) (ii) Write Protect Jumper (JP213, Pin 7-8) Write operation of a drive is inhibited by setting a jumper on JP213, Pin 7-8 (Write protect mode), this condition will generate an ATTENTION status on receipt of a WRITE GATE-N signal. Jumper Setting for Write Protect IP213 (pins 7-8) Function Write Enable Write Protect Write Enable mode is selected when shipped from the factory. 226 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK515 (Continued) (iii) Sector Mode Select Jumper (JP282, Pins 1-2) The drive with Hard Sector mode issues SECTOR clock on Jl pin 16 and J2 pin 2, and with Soft Sector mode does ADDRESS MARK FOUND-N on Jl pin 16 and J2 pin 2. The SET CONFIGURATION command takes precedence over this jumper setting. Jumper Setting for Sector Mode Selection (14) JP28 (pins 1-2) La OJ :00: :-Odl 17--\1 100 1001 2 Function (13) [0 OJ :00: (13) :-Odl 17--\1 100 lOG 1 1 1 Hard Sector (14) 2001 Soft Sector Hard Sector mode is selected when shipped from the factory Figure 23c - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later) © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 227 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK515 (Continued) (iv) Motor Control Jumper (JP282, Pins 7-8) The Start/Stop jumper should be installed only if the controller supports remote start/stop. Jumper Setting for Motor Start/Stop ........--1: (14 )[~~fQ] (13) (14) iQ..Q.i< 13) iQ..Q.i =0 0= iO Oi 1_•••••••- JP282 (Pins 7-8) !O 0: 810 017 • .g O·I B_7 =0 05 =0 Oi (2) .Q__... r····o·i( 1) ~ •..••..·1 :0 0: ........... 1_••••_ ••• Function ~ (2):.Q.•QJ (1) Not Supported Supported Not Supported mode is selected when shipped from the factory (v) Synchronized Spindle Mode Select Jumper (JP282, pins 3-6). Synchronized spindle mode can be selected by using the jumper switch (JP282, pins 3-6). This jumper setting will be aborted by the following Set Configuration command. Set the jumpers before turning on the DC power. For details, refer to DK51X Winchester Disk Drive Synchronized Spindle Feature Specification. Jumper Setting for Synchronized Spindle Mode tw·····....,. :0··"·1 (13) (l~1:2::9] (13) (14)~Q:'Q] (13) (14)lQ.. Q~(l3) (14);....J;)" ;:0 0= 50 0: =0 O~ t........... .............. iQ..QJ _········IIIJ :0 0= 50 iOOt _...._O~ ... ....... ............ iS2.. Q~ :0 0: iQOt =0 O~ iO 0: 1 ~ [ ~ 611 IRS 'Ii! Function 5 4 3 =0 0: (2) :........ -.~ (1] OffLine 3 [ 61° °IS 4003 ~O O~ (2)~ ••••••.• (11 4 3 iOO: (2)............1(1) (l)~Q•.Qj(l) Slave Master Remote 4 Off Line mode is selected when shipped from the factory Figure 23d - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later) 228 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK515 (Continued) (vi) Sector Length Jumper (JP282, pins 9-14) This jumper setting function is effective with Hard Sector mode. This jumper setting will be aborted by the SET BYTES PER SECTOR command. All the applicable configurations of Bytes/Sector or SectorslTrack are listed in the following table. Set the jumper(s) before turning on the DC power. Jumper Setting for Sector Length 14 IP282 (Pins 9-14) 10 IO O~ 9 1 ~O O~ ~O O~ 14 tQ..Ql (2) [~[QJ (1) (2)[g::Q] (1) Sectors Per Track Data Len th 14 10 10 0 9 !O O! [~[Q~ (2)[Q]~~](1) 338 593 602 122 121 69 68 256 256 512 512 13 14 0013 00 !o as ............... 10 0 9 to a 9 O~ !O Oi ro··ol (2)tQ..QJ (1) (2) [~LQ] (1) l ••• 40 f6"·o·~. L Bytes Per Sector Sectors Per Track Data Len th a 335 1 13 00 1000 9 ............... Bytes Per Sector 14 13 40. N !O Oi IP282 (Pins 9-14) !O O! z 1 1 ro··o·i 13 . ~O O~ 1107 Adjustment 37 Not Used Mode 1024 122 sectors per track is selected when shipped from the factory 69 sectors per track required for PC applications Figure 23e - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later) © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 229 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Hitachi DK516 il . WARNING. a. Black jumpers lnltafled N ~ and musl not be added 1rI, moved. or tNnged. : JP8 1~1 :.-u~ Re.d Oat. Phase 1:: Factory settings (black jumpef8) .r. CSrlve-1ptCi1ic • JP3 •• ~ 2 1 JP4 B Wftte PlOtecdon J 1 r --~ J 20 ... 2 JPslc!tJ •• t 1(00)1 ~----------.-.....- __.. . . . .--.8 Pin 1 I.... __ Power -1 230 Hard Drive Bible I I~SCst-T8fmINI-1Dr-1 JP7 21 SCSIID 1 SCSl1ntelface. • • • 2 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Mallor LXT-100 ~o < ~ 9 PIN I r-- - - - o HI DRIVE SELECf JUMPERS I· o rn ~ I SCSI~i~MV -, ••• _.__•.,; :...~ :: - : ~ i -~:u :-: -R- .-~ 2 :...~ RPl 0:: j!I__-"; RP2 ~JI I 2 3 4 5 6 4 3 2 Figure 24 - Maxtor LXT-100 Jumper Locations Mallor LXT-200A Jumper locations are identified in Figure 12, PCB Layout and Table Q Jumper Configurations. J5 [E] ~ PIN 2 9 7 5 3 1 00000 00000 10 8 6 4 2 J2 J4 Figure 25 - Maxtor LXT-200A PCB Layout © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 231 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MaxtorLXT-200A (Continued} Table Q- Maxtor LXT-200A Jumper Configurations Pin Numbers Single Drive System Jumper Dual Drive System Master Slave 9 10 Manufacturing Jumper* Out Out Out 7 8 Two Drive System Jumper Out In Out 5 6 Slave Present Jumper** Out Out In 3 4 Drive Active Jumper In In Out 1 2 Master/Slave Jumper Out Out In *Installation of this jumper may cause damage to the drive or loss of data. ** Not needed if both drives are LXT-200A Maxtor MXT-1240 MOTOR START_------.. WITH POWER J3 J1 ..2 TERMINATORS ~ en c c =r; m Q z =n m ~ m z 0 m c ,... "m m :D "m JP1 :lJ ~N1 ~• J2 Z -t > r; • 12 [;] •• ~ J1 JP2 11 9 7 5 3 1 .J'.,::, ,- .. ~ ... RN2 JP8 J1·50 232 Hard Drive Bible .: ':"~ .:..' . '. •• •• •• 12 10 8 :B •• 1 2 6 4 2 I B ~ •• •• •• JP4 JP5 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Maltor 25128A and 2585A \.0 J304~~ J305 J306 J308 J309 ~ PIN 1 0 ! J307~ POSITION 20 KEY © esc 1994 FACTORY TEST POINTS Hard Drive Bible 233 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Maxtor Xl 1000/2000 Series SPINDLE MOTOR CONTROL 1-2 SPINDLE JE REMOTE START (iJ2 1-2= UNSAFE (always installed) 1!I1 DRIVE SELECT JUMPER (C=common) J7 TERMINATOR ~ m [§]~ J7 C-4 = DRIVE 3 3-C = DRIVE 2 C-2 = DRIVE I I-C = DRIVE 0 3 2 C el (;JJC IIP~ (;JJB •~ • • • OFF TRACK ENABLE JF • 1-2 = INTERNAL WRITE PROTECT 2-3 = REMOTE WRITE PROTECT NOT USED 800/1070 TPI 1-2 = 1000 TPI JA JB iii I J~~ 3 e2 -I 1-2 = HD SEL 2) JF iii 2 1!12 JC 1i12 1·2=ENABLE I!II OFF-TRACK ~ • I!II 2 HDSEL2) I (install when greater than 8 heads Figure 26 - Maxtor XT 1000/2000 Series Drive Select Jumper Options Mallor 4000E Series HARD/SOFT SECTOR (JP31) FACTORY SET PCB HEAD CONFIGURATION - - - - -..........,.............. NON JUMPERABLE OPTIONS ENABLEIDISABLE PROGRAMMABLE SECTOR SIZE (JP30) ................-.--... HARD SECTOR SIZE (LSB) r-...-.,..........-....-...,....~--r-l'-t (JPI6-JP29) J3 JPI4 15 J P 4 5 - - - + - - - - - - - - -L 11 D 12 D D D JPI J4 IP42 JP41 Figure 27 - Maxtor 4000£ Jumper Options 234 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Maltor 4000E Series (Continued) Table R- Maxtor 4000£ Drive Select Jumpers Function Jumper Block Pin Numbers Drive Select 0 1-C Drive Select 1 2-C Drive Select 2 3-C Drive Select 3 4-C Table S- Maxtor 4000£ Series, Drive Jumper Descriptions Description Jumper JP1 (in) Used for Maintenance Testing JP6 (in) In = Motor Spinup Option Disabled Out = Remote Motor Spinup Option Enabled DS1-DS7 (DS1 in) Drive Select JP14 (out) In = Write Protected Out = No Write Protection JP16-JP29 Unformatted Hard Sector Size in Bytes Jumpers, LSB = JP16, MSB = JP29 JP30 In = Enables programming of the hard sector size through the interface Out = Disables this function JP31 In = Soft Sector Mode Out = Hard Sector Mode JP32-JP35 PCB Head Configuration JP41 Test Connection, Not a jumperable option JP42 (in) Used for manufacturer testing Note: JP4, JP5, JP15, JP36, JP37, JP38, JP39, JP40, and JP41 are not jumperable options. The only customer configurabie options are JP6, JP14, JP16-JP29, JP30, JP31 , and DS1-DS7. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 235 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Maxtor Panther SCSI BASIC PC INSTALLATION STEPS JUMPER DESCRIPTION NUMBER 1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove jumpers from pins 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 of connector J2. 2. JP13 is the parity jumper. When removed, it enasbles odd parity. When installed, it disables odd parity. 3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT INSTALLED. Your SCSI host bus adapter's ROM or driver will properly configure the drive. Slave Sync. Termination In =Slave Sync. Terminated to 150 ohms. Master Sync. Termination In =Master Sync. Terminated to 150 ohms. SCSI Termination Power (Host) In =Power Supplied by Host SCSI Termination Power (Drive) In =Power Supplied by Drive SCSI Parity Disable In =Parity Disabled. JP5 JP6 JPI0 JPll JP13 4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be terminated. JPl JP2 Out Out Out In In Out In In 5. Install the 50 pin connector. Install the power connector. The drive is now ready for partition ing. J2 CONNECTOR SCSI DEVICE SETTINGS PINS Pins 2,4,6 Pin 8 Pin 9 Pin 10 WRITE PROTECT J2 PINS 7-8 Enabled Disabled Jumpered Not Jumpered SCSI ID Write Protect Remote - LED Remote + LED MODE Start by ID sequence Start after 11-13 second delay Wait for START command Start when power is applied NOTE: 1,3,5, and 7 are tied to ground. JPl~~JPGa ~ ~ J3 U2 CJ JP7 1---1 IUI41 ~u-~-3-11 U2 11 1 2 •• JP3 IU331 J6 • • 3 4 I lUIS IU221 CJJP4 J5 UI0 JP80 D I U271 RN7 DLI ~RN6 Jl U45 I U54 1 alllloo.-u_62_1 JP OJPIO 236 Hard Drive Bible DJP9 I U58 J4 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Maxtor Xl-40008 JUMPER DESCRIPTION JP4 (F) JP5 (F) JP6 (F) JP7 (F) JPIO (F) JP1I (F) JP14 (CC) JP15(F) JP18 (CC) JP26 (F) JP34(CC) JP35 (CC) JP36 (CC) JP37 (CC) JP38 (CC) JP39 (F) JP40 (CC) JP41 (CC) Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Spin with Power (see chart) Manufacturing Use Disable Write Protection Option Manufacturing Use Termination Power Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Spin Delay Option (see chart) Manufacturing Use Parity Enabled Termination Power BASIC AT INSTALLATION STEPS I.To set the drive to ID 0, remove JP36 and JP37. NOTE: These two jumpers are located approximately 3 inches behind the blue, 50-pin IDC connector. 2. JP40 is the parity jumper. When installed, it enables odd parity. When removed, it disables odd parity. 3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT INSTALLED. Your SCSI host adapter's ROM or driver will properly configure the drive. 4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be terminated. 5. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the power connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning. F = Factory Set CC = Customer Configurable SPIN OPTIONS JP14 Spin with Power Out Out In JP38 Spin Delay MODE Out Start by ID sequence In Wait for Start command Out or In Start when power applied ~J3 Bcaii D BBB CJ JP18 11 JP~DD DD J4 J5 [fJ....--P1_5----. 'DI IP38 ~ JP~18 DDD I I CJ 1""",,,--_ LJ LJ LJ LJ CJ JP41 © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 237 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Maxtor XT-8000S I BASIC AT INSTALLATION STEPS 1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove IP36 and IP37. NOTE: These two jumpers are located approximately 3 inches behind the blue, 50-pin IDC connector. 2. IP40 is the parity jumper. When installed it enables odd parity. When removed, it disables odd parity. 3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT INSTALLED. Your SCSI host bus adapter's ROM or driver will properly configure the drive. 4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be terminated. 5. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the power connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning. SPIN OPTIONS JP14 JP38 Spin with MODE Spin Power Delay Out Start by ID sequence Out Out Wait for Start command In In Out or In Start when power applied lUMPER DESCRIPTION IP4 (F) JP5 (F) IP6 (F) IP7 (F) IPI0 (F) IPII (F) IP14 (CC) IP15(F) IP18 (CC) IP26 (F) IP34(CC) IP35 (CC) JP36 (CC) IP37 (CC) IP38 (CC) IP39 (F) IP40 (CC) IP41 (CC) Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Spin with Power (see chart) Manufacturing Use Disable Write Protection Option Manufacturing Use Termination Power Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Spin Delay Option (see chart) Manufacturing Use Parity Enabled Termination Power F =Factory Set CC =Customer Configurable ~~=tj JP13 J3 D IPl\G IP91 Dl)RM7 Jl l) D RN18 JP14 El~x....§!9 o 1IWiIiIliI~IP3, IPull IP2, IPl 0 10 D D \IP8 I r-------. J5 IPlO DJP5 ::::: 9EF JP40JP35 DJP4 JP39 JP36 JP38 JP37 IP26[] 1~---J4--~ lP26 NOTE: Shaded jumpers are installed at the time of shipment for standard default configuration. 238 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Mallor Xl-8000SH JUMPER DESCRIPTION JP4 (F) JP5 (F) JP6 (F) JP? (F) JPI0 (F) JPll (F) JP14 (CC) JPI5(F) JP18 (CC) JP26 (F) JP34(CC) JP35 (CC) JP36 (CC) JP3? (CC) JP38 (CC) JP39 (F) JP40 (CC) JP41 (CC) Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Manufacturing Use Spin with Power (see chart) Manufacturing Use Disable Write Protection Option Manufacturing Use Termination Power Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart) Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ill chart) Spin Delay Option (see chart) Manufacturing Use Parity Enabled Termination Power BASIC PC INSTALLATION STEPS 1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove jumpers from pins 1-2, and 3-4 of connector J2. 2. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT INSTALLED. Your host bus adapter's ROM or driver will properly configure the drive. 3. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be terminated. 4. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the power connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning. SPIN OPTIONS JP14 JP38 MODE Spin with Spin Power Delay Start by ID sequence Out Out Wait for Start command Out In Out or In Start when power applied In F =Factory Set CC =Customer Configurable J6 CONNECTOR PIN 5 GRD PIN 3 GRD PIN 6 PIN 4 (key) SLAVE J2 CONNECTOR PINS SCSI DEVICE SETTINGS Pin 2 SCSIID Pin 4 SCSIID Pin 6 SCSIID Pin 9 Remote + LED Pin 10 Remote - LED NOTE: Pins 1, 3, and 5 are tied to ground. PIns 7 and 8 are not connected PIN 1 MASTER PIN 2 SLAVE J3 o 0 JP40 DJP14 DJP38 ~ I U20 I ~ I U25 I J5 B RN17 Jl ~RN19 ~RN18 JP34 ~P18 JP41 © esc 1994 U22 U34 U44 J4 Hard Drive Bible 239 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Maxtor LXT-SCSI J3 ~ External terminator power enabled (disabled:out) 1001 I JP61 Single edged 3 leel JP9 or *'a 5 1001 IP? I 1 7 1001 MOTOR STOP (Installed = start on power) ~9 1001 a 11 1001 "§ Differential * ~\ 1 .~ ~ '-c Jl ~~ SCSIID 2 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 8 10 12 Enlarged view of IP9 ~i Priority Pins Pins Pins 5&6 3&4 1&2 (MSB) (LSB) Lowest Out Out Out .4~ Out Out In Out Out In In Out In Out Out In In In Out ." Out In In Highest In In In In = Installed, Shorted Out =Not Installed, Open NOTE: JP6 is present on all PCBs. JP8 and JP7/JP9 may not be present on your PCB. * Optional differential operation requires a tailgate PCB to be installed. Maxtar XT BDDDE Series DRIVE MODEL SELECTION RESERVED ------~ PLO SYNC FIELD LENGTH RESERVED REMOTE WRITE PROTEC AND SPINDLE SYNC 16 TERMINATORS I RN131 I RN141 DRIVE SELECT - - - - - I I - -...... TEST JUMPER 1P42 JPS FACTORY SELECTED (IN) JP4 FACTORY SELECTED (IN) WRITE PROTECT JP14 (OUT) 1 R22~ IN (SHORT INDEX) PULSE WIDTH *1 R2211 OUT (NORMAL INDEX) PULSE WIDTH *FOR NORMAL INDEX PULSE WIDTH R221 IS INSTALLED, R220 IS REMOVED Figure 28 - Drive Jumper Options (PCB PIN 1014150) 240 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Maxtor Xl BUUUE Series (Continued) DRIVE MODEL SELECTION ~ RESERVED ~ PLO SYNC FIELD LENGTHS ~ RESERVED -n f I r- HARD/SOFf SECTOR MODE r=ENABLElDISABLE PROGRAMMABLE SECTOR SIZE ~ HARD ITIJIII[] ITIJIII[] SECTOR SIZE ---;16 POWER UP SEQUENCE CONTROL (IN) ITIIIIIII 13 IP43 (IN) JP 15 FACTORY SELECTED (OUT) CJ REMOTE WRITE PROTECT A SPINDLE SYNC J6 JPI4 WRITE PROTECf (OUT) IP5 FACTORY SELECTED (IN) IP4 FACTORY SELECTED (IN) ABC ••••• JP9 INDEX PULSE WIDTH TERMINATORS RNI3 RNI4 EJ U41 • • • • lJp41 TEST PINS ABC ABC 1••• IJP7 C~PI B A D • • • JPB ABC JPIO ADJP42 ~ ~ ------.-L::_-_-_~J-u... J4 0 DE:] ~ 0 RNl2 j=iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_vl!.....Iiiiiiiiii.......iiiiilllll.IIiiIIiiiliiil....._D . . Figure 29 - Drive Jumper Options (PCB PIN 1015468) Micropolis 132X Series o J2 Pin 1 J2 OS4 Address 4 OS3 Address 3 OS2 Address 2 OS 1 Address 1 W2 (Select) WI (Write Fault Latch) Pin 1 Figure 30 - Micropo/is 132X Drive Jumper Options © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 241 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Microgolis 135X Series J2 Wi HARD/SOFf SECTOR : ; } DEFAULT SECTOR CONFIGURATION W4 Pin 1 } ~~~ :::L:~~::~LC DA3 Jl Interface Terminator RNI Pin 1 Figure 31- Micropolis 135X Jumper Settings Microgolis 137X Series D BUS Parity Check Option Spindle Control Option JI ~ ~ Pin 1 o ~ RN8 Interface Termina COMPONENT SIDE RN7 Interface Terminator RNI Interface Terminator ill ~i } BUS Termination Power Option o Figure 32- Micropolis 137X Jumper Settings 242 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Micropolis 155X Series J3 D Interface Terminator RNI I ~g~~ Drive Selection DAI W5 Spindle Control Option Jl W4 ...-._- W3 Default Sector Configuration .....---W2 . . . - . _ - - WI Hard/Soft Sector Option Figure 33 - Micropo/is 155XJumper Settings Micropolis 157X Series Bus Parity Check Option W4C] Spindle Control Option wsl;] J2 ID2 IDI IDO SCSIID Interface Terminator RN202 Interface Terminator RN203 -'E1 I;]~ Jl +SV To Bus WI I * ~ ~ Interface Terminator RN204 Pin 1 (Reserved) fi1 W20~ Frame Ground W21* lUI Pin 1 Figure 34 - Micropolis 151XJumper Settings © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 243 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Miniscribe 9380 E Drives J8 J3 - 00 11 J201iJ J21 [ilJ29 1il--114 J30_J27 J6 ~ RP17 J24 III 119 RP4 J9 J7 lilJiil C'==--~ J2 1 2 3 116 Figure Table Miniscribe 35 - 9380£ Jumper Locations T - 9380£ Option Jumpers and Test Point Description Option Jumpers J7 J9 J10 J11 Start/Stop Spindle Motor Enable Diagnostic Jumper Head Configuration J10 J11 S 0 0 S S S 0 0 Sectors J12 J13 J19 34 35 36 SOFT S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heads 7 11 13 15 S S S S (Controller will select Sector #) Drive Select Address Configuration Drive None 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 J16·1 J16·2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 J16·3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Terminators: RP4, RP17 Note: These 7 jumpers must be installed for drive operation: J14, J20, J21, J24, J27, J29, and J30. 244 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Miniscribe 93808 Drives J701 is a group of two pairs ofjumper pins. The first pair controls terminator power supplied by the target, while the second pair controls power supplied from elsewhere on the bus. Table U- Miniscribe 93805 Jumper Settings SCSI TERMINATOR POWER J701-1 J701-2 Local Terminator Power ON OFF Remote Terminator Power OFF ON Additional Jumper Definitions J7 J9 J10,J11 J12,J13,J19 Start/Stop Spindle Motor Enable Diagnostic Jumper Head Configuration Sector Setting Note: These 7 jumpers must be installed for drive operation: J14, J20, J21, J24, J27, J29, and J30. Terminating Resistors: RP701 and RP702 Drive Select Address J601-1 J601-2 J601-3 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON SCSI SCSI SCSI SCSI SCSI SCSI SCSI SCSI Address 0 Address 1 Address 2 Address 3 Address 4 Address 5 Address 6 Address 7 SCSI Parity Enable SCSI Parity Enabled SCSI Parity Disabled © esc 1994 J602-2 OFF ON Hard Drive Bible 245 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Priam 514, 519 Table V- ODtion/Select Switch Settin.os Position Switch ON POS-6 Priam Unique Mode POS-5 Radial Option POS-4 Drive Select 4 POS-3 Drive Select 3 POS-2 Drive Select 2 POS-l Drive Select 1 Priam 617,628,638 Table W- Drive Select Jumpers Drive Selected Switch Position 1 2 3 NONE OFF OFF OFF 1 ON OFF OFF 2 OFF ON OFF 3 ON ON OFF 4 OFF OFF ON 5 ON OFF ON 6 OFF ON ON 7 ON ON ON Table X- Sector Settings 246 Hard Drive Bible 51·4 51·5 Physical Size in Bytes Logical Size in Bytes Track Capacity OFF OFF Reserved Setting - - OFF ON 64 Sectors of 324 256 16,384 ON OFF 36 Sectors of 578 512 18,432 ON ON 19 Sectors of 1096 1024 19,456 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Priam 717,728,738 Table Y- Jumper Settings J11 Jumpers 1-2 Device 10 1 3-4 Device 102 5-6 Device ID 4 7-8 ON Auto Sequence Up 9-10 ON Parity Enable 11-12 see below Block Size 1 13-14 see below Block Size 2 11-12 13-14 OFF OFF Block Size set by Mode Select Command (15H) ON OFF 256 Byte Blocks OFF ON 512 Byte Blocks ON ON 1024 Byte Blocks 15-16 ON 17-18 (output) 19-20 © CSC 1994 Function Setting Unit Attention Disabled -Drive Ready Enable Write Protect Other Jumpers Setting W6* Open Soft SCSI Bus Reset W6** Installed Hard SCSI Bus Reset W5** Installed Auto Sequence Up Delay W3* Installed Terminator Power to J1-26 Function Hard Drive Bible 247 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Quantum Go-Drive AT Jumpers Ouantum PRODRIVE Series 0 (l.) > ·C 0 4-4 0 ~ u ~ ~ DODO 0 I I 0 CJ 0 0 0 (l.) ·c> 0 C+-c 0 10 0 g g •••••• ~ Q 0 ~ oDI Typical ProDrive SCSI Bus Drive Jumper Locations 248 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Seagate 5.25 MFMIRLL Drives 11 DS4 RESISTOR TERMINAnON PAC~ DRIVE SHOWN CONFIGURED AS DRIVE SELECT 1 Figure 36 - Half-Height Interface Connectors RESISTOR TERMINATION PACK Figure 37 - Full-Height Interface Connectors © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 249 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Seagate 3.511 MFM/Rll Drives OPTIONAL GROUNDING POINT. PLEASE NOTE THE POSITION OF INSULATING WASHERS RESISTOR TERMINATION PACK 13 DC POWER 11 12 OS I OS2 OS3 DS4 17 - 16 PIN CONNECTOR Figure 38 - 3.5" Interface Connectors Seagate SCSI Drives RESISTOR TERMINATION -_-.--.I~-~ PACKS / POWER CONNECTOR J3 50-PIN SCSI CONNECTOR 00000 o 0 000 0000[;] SCSI IDAND PARITY JUMPER 00000 o 0 o~o 00000 ooo~ o 0 000 0 o 0[;]0[;] o o o~o 00000 0 0 0 0 OO~O 00000 10=0 10 = 1 SET SCSI 10 AS SHOWN 10=2 ID=3 SHORTING THE P PINS ENABLES PARITY CHECKING ID=4 ID=5 THE NC PINS ARE NOT CONNECTED ID=6 OO~~~ 10=7 00000 Figure 39 - 3.5" SCSI Interface Connectors 250 Hard Drive Bible © CSC1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Seagate SCSI Drives (Continued) SCSI ID AND PARITY PINS P 4 2 1 000 0 0000 SCSI ID = 0 o 0 0[;] SCSI ID = 1 o 0[;]0 000 0 000 0 SCSI ID = 2 000 0 OO~ SCSI ID = 3 O~O 0 0000 SCSI ID =4 O~O[;] 0000 SCSI ID = 5 O~O SCSI ID = 6 o~~~ o SCSI ID = 7 0000 0 0 0 Jl DC POWER 50-PIN SCSI CONNECTOR ..•••••••••••••••• "'" SCSI ID JUMPERS SELECT THE DESIRED SCSI ID WITH JUMPERS. INSTALL THE OPTIONAL P-JUMPER TO ENABLE PARITY. Figure 40 - 5.25" SCSllntertace Connectors © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 251 Corporate Systems Center (408)'734-3475 252 Hard Drive Bible ©CSC1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 esc Benchmark Tests About The Benchmarks . esc has selected several popular high performance drives and controllers for review on the following pages. The average seek times listed are those purported by the manufacturer and what we actually tested. Seek times were tested on Flexstar testers of the type used for factory final test. The transfer rates listed are those achieved in our test platform computers. Our VESA test machines are typical 60MHz Pentium clone motherboards. Our ISA test machine has an OPTI chipset set to a 12.5MHz AT-bus speed. Our EISA machine uses an Intel chip set. The transfer rates are the average of several random and sequential tests. We have included the manufacturers reliability rating in power on hours (POH). One year of continuous operation is 8760 POH. So a drive with a Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) rating of50,000POH , should last for an average of5.7 years before failing. The MTBF rating for drives which are operated at elevated temperatures or used in heavy seek applications (such as network servers) should be derated by 50%. Since higher MTBF specifications translate into higher sales for drive manufacturers, this specification is often exaggerated. Experience has taught us not to take MTBF ratings over 100,000 too seriously. Factory MTBF figures often include an ambiguous correction factor for "infant mortality." Since esc also sells and services drives, we have included our own off the record comments on reliability. These comments are jased on the number of drives returned to us for service.. ~Sl DRIVES MAXTOR MODEL MXT-1240S Formatted Capacity - 1200 MB ~ Rated Average Seek - 8 ms Tested Average Seek - 7.8 ms The Maxtor "magic" is the highest performance 3.5" Maxtor drive available. Although Maxtor only rates this drive at 200,000 POH, our service department found a high return rate on early drives due to thermal offtrack problems. These problems appear to be solved in the newer revisions, and this top performer now appears nearly as reliable as it's famed 5.25" counterparts. ffiM MODEL 0662 (*Martin's Choice!) Formatted Capacity - 4030 MB Rated Average Seek - 10 ms Tested Average Seek - 9.2 ms Transfer Rate - 36-48 Mbitlsec Servo System - Embedded Rated MTBF - 200,000 POH Transfer rate in ISA test system with CSC FastCache - 2120 KB/sec Average transfer rate in VESA test with esc VESA FastCache - 3300 KB/sec The IBM 0662 is a unique drive in that it is actually a striped disk array comprised oftwo 3.5" drives built into a5.25" form factor. The imbedded SCSI-II array controller has 1MB of cache, and overall performance is excellent. Sustained data transfer rates on outer tracks reached almost 7MB/sec in sequential mode. The 0662 is a solid design built upon the field proven 3.5" 0664 series HDA's with MR heads. These drives are popular in network servers and other applications where long term reliability is imperative. Transfer Rate - 20-44 Mbitlsec Servo System - Embedded Rated MTBF - 250,000 POH Average transfer rate in VESA test with CSC VESA FastCache - 3300 KB/sec © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 253 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MAXTOR MODEL 75458 Formatted Capacity - 540 MB Rated Average Seek - 10 ms tioned above. This drive also uses a 3 zone recording technique to achieve high capacity without sacrificing reliability. This drive is our first choice in a large capacity 3.5 unit. 11 Tested Average Seek - 10.8 ms Best Transfer Rate - 3180 KB/sec Servo System - Embedded Rated MTBF - 300,000 POH MAXTOR MODEL 7245A Transfer rate in ISA test system - 1420 KB/sec Formatted Capacity - 245 MB Average transfer rate in VESA test - 1780 KB/sec Rated Average Seek - 15 ms Tested Average Seek - 15.3 ms Maxtor's 7545 is their current "top of the line" 3.5" drive. We were able to sneak out an evaluation unit before production shipping. To be honest, we were less than impressed. The 7545 ran smoothly and quietly, but performance was mediocre at best. In terms of transfer rates, performance was fair. IDE DRIVES MAXTOR MODEL LXT 535 A Formatted Capacity - 535 MB Rated Average Seek - 15 ms Tested Average Seek - 15.3 ms Transfer Rate - 155 MB/sec sustained Transfer Rate - 1120 KB/sec Servo System - Embedded Rated MTBF - 150,000 POH Transfer rate in ISA test system - 1120 KB/sec Maxtor's 7000 series drives in 340MB and 245MB capacities feature a reduced parts count. To the manufacturer, that translates into more profit. As Lee Iococa said, "Parts left out never require service." These simple drives are also highly reliable. The 7245 model is an evolutionary successor to the field proven 7213. Firmware and zone changes are probably the only differences. These drives are quite reliable, but also more sensitive to shock than most. These are a great low cost choice for building up inexpensive PC clones. Servo System - Embedded Rated MTBF - 150,000 POH Transfer rate in ISA test system with FiashCache64 1550 KB/sec SCSI Controllers Maxtor's LXT drive series uses an innovative shock mounting system which is not found in any other 3.5" drive we've seen. Since 3.5" drives often end up in laptop and portable computers which are subject to rough handling, good shock mounting and a good head latch mechanism are important. The Maxtor LXT series uses rubber shock mounts to suspend the entire HDA within an aluminum shell. A nice side effect of this mounting system is that the drive is extremely quiet. These drives are so quiet, that it's nearly impossible to tell when they are spinning The SCSI version of Maxtor's LXT-200 series uses the same quiet, rugged HDA as the IDE version men254 Hard Drive Bible Manufacturer Model Bus Adaptec 1542CF ISA Adaptec has been building SCSI controllers longe; than anyone, and they are the standard for compatibility. The "EZ-SCSI" software offers easy integration into UNIX, Novell, and OS/2 environments. One small disadvantage to these ISA based bus mastering controllers is that performance may decrease when more than 16MB of memory is installed. The overall performance ofthese industry standard Adaptec cards is superior most of the DPT and Ultrastor cards we have tested. © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Manufacturer Model. Cache Bus CSC FastCache64 Up to 64MB ISA CSC has sold thousands of drives for PC applications. In response to customer demands for a low cost caching SCSI controller, we have designed and developed the CSC FlashCache 64. This board supports up to 7 SCSI devices (including tape, WORM, M-O optical, and hard drives) and includes a 4 drive floppy controller which supports the new 2.88MB 3.5" drives. Since the size of the on-board cache is frequently the limiting factor in caching card performance, our engineers designed the board to expand up to 64MB using standard SIMMS. These cards have proven extremely effective in PC workstation applications and work great with Microsoft DOS and Windows™. Although we are slightly biased, we feel that the FlashCache 64 still represents on of the best ISA controller buys on the market. Manufacturer Model. Cache Bus CSC VESA VLB Wide SCSI-II Cache Blaster 128K of 20ns Fast SRAM VESA When some of our engineers weren't satisfied with the performance ofthe AK-47, they decided to go all out! We decided to incorporate an ultra fast SRAM Cache for top performance in multitasking environments and switch to WIDE SCSI. The wide SCSI interface can double performance in most applications, and the FAST 32 bit wide level - II SRAM cache means the motherboard almost never has to wait for data! This board includes all the features of the original AK-47 like Flash BIOS, 2.88MB support and 4 floppy operation. Call today for more information on this hot new product. Manufacturer Model. Cache Bus Manufacturer CSC Model. VESA AK-47 SCSI-II Controller Cache None Bus VESA VL-Bus When we upgraded our own PC's to local bus video, we wondered what the extra VL-BUS slot was for. Out of necessity, we designed the VESA FASTCACHE. Our technicians nicknamed it the AK-47 or "Adaptec Killer". This board uses one of the fastest SCSI chips available and connects it directly to the high speed local bus! This board offers almost all of the features of the CSC FastCache with much higher performance. Flash BIOS, 2.88MB support, 4 floppy operation and SCSI-II compatibility are all standard. The second production fun of these cards is available now, and the new caching version should be available soon after the seventh Hard Drive Bible is printed. Want more information? Call us today and let us send you the specifications. © esc 1994 DTC 3290 4MB EISA Many network servers use both EISA motherboards and SCSI disk drives. The DTC 3290 offers a low cost solution which supports up to 7 SCSI devices. The 3290 offers an "Adaptec compatible" mode which mimics the hardware "mailbox" interface of the Adaptec 154X series of controllers. This compatibility mode is ideal for UNIX and Novell versions which have Adaptec support built into the kernel. The overall performance of the DTC 3290 is superior to the DPT and Ultrastor cards we have tested. Manufacturer Model Cache Bus DTC 3280A None ISA The 3280 is the best buy we've found in a low cost SCSI controller. Software drivers are available for Novell, DOS, OS/2 and Xenix. These controllers work well in nearly all motherboards. At under $100 wholesale, the price/ performance ratio can't be beat. Hard Drive Bible 255 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 256 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Floppy Drives At present, the computer industry seems to have standardized on the 5 floppy drives listed below. 1.2 and 1.44MB drives are the most popular, although low density 360K diskettes are most commonly used for software distribution. Note: some early 1.2MB drives used a data transfer rate of 300KHz when reading 360K disks. Industry Standard Floppy Drives Capacity 360K 1.2MB* 720K Tracks Transfer Rate Form Factor Tracks/Inch 40 250KHz 5.25" 48 40/80 250/500KHz 5.25" 48/135 40 250KHz 1.44MB 40/80 2.88MB 80 250/500KHz 1000KHz (IMHz) 3.50" 48 3.50" 48/135 3.50" 135 The floppy drive list below is designed to aid in identifying some of the more common floppy drives. Model Number Capacity No. of Tracks Form Factor ALPS FDD-2124 180KB 40 5.25 HH AT&T KS-23114 720KB 80 5.25 HH FD350 (SCSI) - - 3.50 HH FD525 (SCSI - - 5.25 HH 531 360KB 40 5.25 HH MD 5501 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 9409 360KB 40 5.25 FH 9409T 720KB 80 5.25 FH 9429 720KB 80 5.25 HH FJ205 1.44MB 135 2.00 C354 720KB 80 3.50 HH C359 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH Manufacturer AURORA TECH CANNON CDC CHINON © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 257 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Manufacturer CHINON (Can't) EPSON IBM FUJITSU 258 Hard Drive Bible Model Number Capacity No. of Tracks Form Factor C502 360KB 40 5.25 HH C506 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH F2506 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH SMD-1040 1.44MB 135 3.50 HH SMD-340 1.44MB 135 3.50 HH SMD-349 1.4MB 135 3.50 HH SMD-380 720KB 80 3.50 111 SMO-389 720KB 80 3.50 HH SD-520 360KS 40 5.25 HH SO-521 360KB 40 5.25 HH SD-621l 360KB 48 5.25 HH SD-680l 1.2MB 96 5.25 HH 1006 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 1027 720KB 80 3.50 HH 1056 720KB 80 3.50 HH 1063 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH 1066 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 1072 1.44MB 80 3.501 11 1106 2.88MB - 3.50 111 3057 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH M2532 720KB 80 3.50 HH M2537 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH M2551A 360KB 40 5.25 FH M2552A 720KB 96 5.25 FH M2553A,K 1.2MB 80 5.25 FH © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Manufacturer MITSUBISHI MITSUMI MPI NEC OLIVETTI PACIFIC RIM © CSC 1994 Model Number Capacity No. of Tracks Form Factor MF353AF,B,BA,C 720KB 135 3.50 HH MF355A,AF,B,C 1.44MB 135 3.50 1.0" 4852 360KB 40 5.25 FH 4853 720KB 80 5.25 HH 4854 1.2 MB 80 5.25 HH MF501A,B,C 360KB 48 5.25 HH MF504A,B,C 1.2MB 96 5.25 HH 289-63 - - 8.00 HH D 352T2 2.88MB 80 3.50 1 D357P 720KB 80 3.50 HH D 359P 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH D503V 360KB 40 5.25 HH D509V 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 51-8 180KB 40 5.25 HH 52-8 360KB 40 5.25 FH FD-1335H 1.44MB 80 3.50 1.0" FD-1157C 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH FD-1165FQ - - 8.00 HH XM4311 360KB 40 5.25 HH U1.44 1.44MB 80 3.50 HH U4 2.88MB 80 3.50 1.0" U720 720KB 80 3.50 HH U1.2 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH U360 360KS 40 5.25 HH 11 Hard Drive Bible 259 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Manufacturer Model Number Capacity No. of Tracks Form Factor PANASONIC JU-257 1.44MB 80 3.50 111 JU-259A 2.88MB 80 3.50 1 JU-475 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 542 360KB 40 5.25 FH 842 - - 8.00 FH SANYO FDA-5200 360KB 40 5.25 HH SEIKO 8640 720KB 80 5.25 SA400L 180KB 40 5.25 FH SA455 360KB 40 5.25 HH SA460 360KS 40 5.25 FH SA800-1 - - 8.00 FH SA800-2 - - 8.00 FH SA860 - - 8.00 HH SA900-1 - - 8.00 FH FDD100-5 180KB 40 5.25 FH MPF-11 720KB 135 3.50 HH MPF-17 1.44MB 135 3.50 HH 65-4 720KB 80 5.25 HH 65-8 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 75-8 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH TM100-1A 180KB 40 5.25 FH TM100-2A 360KB 40 5.25 FH TM100-4 720KB 80 5.25 FH TM101-4A 720KB 80 5.25 FH QUME SHUGART SIEMENS SONY TANDON 260 Hard Drive Bible 11 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Manufacturer TANDON (Can't) TEAC TEC TOSHIBA YE-DATA © CSC 1994 Model Number Capacity No. of Tracks Form Factor 848-02 - - 8.00 FD-235FN 720KB 135 3.50 1.0" FD-235HFN 1.44MB 135 3.50 1.0" FD-235J 2.88MB 135 3.50 1.0" FD-50A 180KB 40 5.25 FH FD-55A 180KB 40 5.25 HH FD-55BR,BV 360KB 40 5.25 HH FD-55E 360KB 40 5.25 HH FD-55FV 720KB 80 5.25 HH FD-55GFR,GFV,GR 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH FB501 180KB 40 5.25 HH FDD4603 720KB 80 3.50 HH FDD 6471 360KB 40 5.25 FH FDD6784 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH FDD6882 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH ND-3521 720KB 80 3.50 1.0" ND-354A 720KB 80 3.50 1.0" ND-3561 1.44MB 80 3.50 1.0" PD-211 2.88MB 80 3.50 1.0" ND-0401 360KB 40 5.25 HH ND-0801 1.2MB 80 5.25 HH 646 720KB 80 3.50 HH Hard Drive Bible 261 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 262 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 11994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Disk Drive Technology There is a constant struggle between the optical and magnetic disk drive manufacturers. Respected industry analysts have predicted that optical drives will replace magnetics in the near future. But hard drive designs keep improving and optical drive manufacturers constantly struggle to approach the capacity and performance of magnetic drives. In theory, the density of optical media can exceed that of magnetic media. In practice, an optical disk drive engineer faces the same problems encountered in hard drive design. Recording density is limited by the ability to design a manufacturable system with precise mechanical alignment. The main advantage of today's optical storage devices is removability. Nearly all optical drives feature rugged removable media. This optical media is generally much less expensive than an equivalent hard disk. At the time ofthis printing a good 1GB magnetic hard disk drive costs around $1000. The equivalent optical drive about $1500. The performance ofthe magnetic drive is roughly twice that of the optical drive. But adding an additional 1GB by purchasing an extra optical cartridge costs only $150. The total cost for 3GB of storage with the optical drive is $1950, but the total cost of a magnetic system is $3000! Optical removability makes sense in applications where large amounts of data can be partitioned on cartridges but must be stored with immediate access. Optical drives are popular in applications like online network backup and graphic image storage. Optical disk drives can be divided into three basic categories: CD-ROM, WORM, and Erasable. CD-ROM drives are read-only devices. CD-ROM disks are mass produced from a glass master using expensive equipment. The cost of producing a CD-ROM disk using this equipment is low in volume. CD-ROM's produced one at a time are called "one-off" disks. One-offs are produced using a CD compatible WORM disk. CD-ROM drives CD-ROM disks are the future of software distribution. Instead of distributing programs floppy diskettes, software manufacturers are switching to CD-ROM. In © CSC 1994 quantity, a 650MB CD-ROM costs around 65¢ to produce. This compares with a cost of 25¢ each for six 1.44MB floppy diskettes. The immense storage capacity, low production cost, and inherent difficulties in making unauthorized copies make CD-ROM attractive to software manufacturers. When this article was written, the cost of a CD-ROM drive in large quantity had dropped below $100. WORM Drives The acronym W.O.R.M. stands for Write Once, Read Many. WORM drives use a laser to ablate (burn) tiny pits in optical media. Once these pits are burned, they cannot be erased. The WORM compensates for this limitation by offering immense storage capacity and removable media. WORM media is also usually much cheaper than erasable optical media. Driver software is used with WORM drives so that the inability to erase is invisible to the operating system. When files are erased or changed, the old files are mapped out and the available capacity of the WORM disk decreases. Though the present trend is moving away from WORM drives toward erasable optical drives, the low cost and good performance of WORM drives still offers an economical solution for data storage where fast access is required. Erasable Optical Drives Modem erasable optical drives offer an alternative to large capacity magnetic drives. Although the performance and reliability oferasable optical drives has not yet matched magnetic drives, removability makes them attractive in many applications. Erasable optical drives do not require driver software for most operating systems since they are functionally identical to hard disk drives. Driver software is needed only for "hot cartridge" changing of the media while operating system is running. Newer erasable opticals record on both sides of the media and store 1000MB or more (unformatted) per Hard Drive Bible 263 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 cartridge. Erasable optical media is constantly coming down in price, and is now cost-effective for on-line backup. The newer MaxOptics erasable optical drives offer access times approaching hard disks. These drives are among the highest performance optical drives available. 264 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Optical Drive Specifications Optical Drive List Form Factor Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio Data Optic 600 5.25 WMRM 594MB 67rns SCSI - - MQO-151 5.25 WMRM 594MB 95rns SCSI - - MVO-151 5.25 WMRM 594MB 95rns SCSI - - MZO-151 5.25 WMRM 594MB 95rns SCSI - - Optical/HSC 5.25 WMRM 594MB 95rns SCSI - - Accel AE0650 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95rns SCSI - - Allegro PVCD650S 5.25 RO 650MB 340rns Prop. - - Alphatronix IDQ10-M 5.25 WMRM 650MB 83rns Q-BUS - - IDQ20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1300MB 83rns Q-BUS - - IDU10-M 5.25 WMRM 650MB 83rns UNIBUS - - IDU20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1300MB 83rns UNIBUS - - IMC10-M 5.25 WMRM 616MB 83rns SCSI(M) - - IMC20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1232MB 83rns SCSI(M) - - IPA10-M 5.25 WMRM 650MB 83rns XT/AT - - IPA20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1300MB 83rns XT/AT - - IPN10-M 5.25 WMRM 650MB 83rns XT/AT - - IPN20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1300MB 83rns XT/AT - - IPS10-M 5.25 WMRM 650MB 83rns MCA - - IPS20-D,T,S,R 5.25 WMRM 1300MB 83rns MCA - - Manufacturer Model Number A.D.I.C A.D.S.1. © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 265 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Model Number Form Factor Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio ISS10-M 5.25 WMRM 592MB 83ms SCSI(S) - - ISS20-D,T,S,T 5.25 WMRM 1184MB 83ms SCSI(S) - - APT Odessa ROS-3250EIS 5.25 WMRM 560MB 107ms SCSI - - Apple Computer CDSC 5.25 - 550MB 600ms SCSI-M Disk Yes Arix Computer RO-5030E 5.25 WMRM 652MB 67ms SCSI - - ASC MO-55 5.25 WMRM 596MB 49ms SCSI - - CD Technology T3201 Portadriv 5.25 - - 350ms SCSI-M Disk Yes CDA-431 5.25 - 550MB 350ms SCSI-M - Yes - 550MB 350ms SCSI - Yes - 550MB 350ms SCSI - Yes Manufacturer Alphatronix (Con't) Chinon FH FH HH CDS-431 5.25 HH CDX-431 5.25 HH Concurrent R/W Optical 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 49ms SCSI - - Consan,lnc RS600/N 5.25 WMRM 596MB 67ms SCSI - - Corel Systems 650-MO 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI Cart - Deltaic Systems OptiServer 600 5.25 WMRM 595MB 67ms SCSI - - OptiServer 600P 5.25 WMRM 595MB 67ms SCSI - - DRD-253 5.25 RO - 400ms SCSI - Yes Denon HH Dolphin System Sonar-600S 5.25 WMRM 600MB 95ms SCSI - - Dynatek Systems DROS600 5.25 WMRM 1200MB 50ms SCSI - - MOS1600 5.25 WMRM 600MB 50ms SCSI - - MOS2600 5.25 WMRM 600MB 50ms SCSI - - MOS3600 5.25 WMRM 600MB 50ms SCSI - 266 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Model Number Form Factor Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio Oynatek Systems (Can't) ROS600 5.25 WMRM 600MB 50ms SCSI - - Exsys Storage Laser RA-2M 5.25 WMRM 934MB 35ms SOl - - Laser RA-2S 5.25 WMRM 574MB 95ms SDI - - Laser RA-4M 5.25 WMRM 1868MB 35ms SDI - - Laser RA-4S 5.25 WMRM 1188MB 95ms SDI - - Laser RA-7M 5.25 WMRM 3269MB 35ms SDI - - Laser RA-7S 5.25 WMRM 2079MB 95ms SOl - - Hammerdisk 1000 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms SCSI - - Hammerdisk 600S 5.25 WMRM 574MB 107ms SCSI - - General Micro MOlD 220 5.25 WMRM 924MB 35ms SCSI(S) - - Genstar 2000 5.25 RO 650MB 450ms Prop. Herstal 50652A 5.25 WMRM 652MB 44ms SCSI - - 51000A 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms SCSI - - 50720A 5.25 HH RO - 500ms PRO - - C1711A 5.25 WMRM 650MB 107ms SCSI - - CDR-1700S 5.25 RO 600MB 350ms SCSI Disk - CDR-1750S 5.25 RO 600MB 320ms SCSI - - OD-112-1 5.25 WMRM 644MB 75ms SCSI - - 3510-001 5.25 RD 600MB 380ms SCSI - yes 0162 3.50 WMRM - - SCSI - - CM-201 5.25 HH RO 600MB 500ms IDE Cart Digital CM-212 5.25 HH RO 600MB 400ms SCSI Cart Digital Manufacturer FWB Hewlett-Packard Hitachi IBM Laser Magnetics © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 267 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Model Number Form Factor CM-221 Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio 5.25 HH RO 600MB 500ms IDE Cart Analog CM-231 5.25 HH RO 600MB 400ms SCSI Cart Analog LM-51 0 5.25 FH WORM 654MB 61ms SCSI Cart - LM-520 5.25 FH WMRM 654MB 70ms SCSI Cart - LD-4100 Rack WMRM 5.6GB 80ms SCSI Cart - LF-4500 Rack WMRM 28.0GB 80ms SCSI Cart - M.O.S.T. RMD-5100-S 3.50 HH WMRM 128MB 35ms SCSI - - Macsetra Genesis 6000i 5.25 WMRM 600MB 95ms SCSI - - Maxcess M-600L 5.25 WMRM 600MB 95ms SCSI - - Maxoptix RXT-800HS 5.25 HH WORM 786MB 108ms SCSI Cart - Tahiti 5.25 FH WMRM 1GB 35ms SCSI Cart - Meridian 100T Network 5.25 HH RO - 250ms - Disk N/A Micro Design Laserbank 600CD 5.25 HH RO 600MB 350ms SCSI Disk Yes Laserbank 600R 5.25 WMRM 650MB 65ms SCSI - - Micronet SB-SMO/DOS 5.25 WMRM 586MB 107ms SCSI - - Mirror Technology CDR-10 5.25 RO 600MB 350ms SCSI Disk Yes RM600 5.25 WMRM 594MB 61ms SCSI - - MW-5D1 5.25 FH - 300MB 63rns ESDI - - MW-5U1 5.25 FH WORM 300MB 68rns SCSI - - Manufacturer Laser Magnetics (Con't) Mitsubishi 268 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio 5.25 HH RO 600MB 300ms SCSI - Yes R6501mceDOS, LAN, OS2 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - R6501sceDOS, LAN, MAC 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - R6501 sci-DOS 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - W6501 5.25 WMRM 594MB 107ms SCSI - - Ocean Tidalwave 650 5.25 WMRM 564MB 107ms SCSI - - Online Products OPC-OSU-202 5.25 HH RO 600MB 350ms SCSI,P Disk N/A Optima Concorde 5.25 WMRM 564MB 107ms SCSI - - Panasonic LF-5010 5.25 FH WORM 940MB 90ms SCSI-2 Cart - LF-7010 5.25 HH WMRM 1000MB 90ms SCSI-2 Cart - REO-130 5.25 HH RO 128MB 28ms SCSI,M Disk Opt REO-1300 5.25 FH WMRM 1300MB 65ms SCSI,M Disk Opt REO-650 5.25 FH WMRM 650MB 65ms SCSI,M Disk Opt REO-6500 5.25 FH RO 6500MB 65ms SCSI,M Disk Opt REO-36000 5.25 FH RO 36000MB 65ms SCSI,M Disk Opt DD-U5001 5.25 FH - 654MB 60ms SCSI Cart - DE-S7001 5.25 WMRM 654MB 53ms SCSI Cart - Manufacturer Model Number Form Factor NEC CDR-73 N/Hance Systems Pinnacle Microsystems Pioneer © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 269 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Manufacturer Model Number Pioneer (Can't) DE-U7001 Form Factor Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio 5.25 FH WMRM 654MB 53ms SCSI Cart - DRM-600 5.25 FH RO 6x540MB 600ms SCSI Disk Yes DD-8001 8.00 FH WMRM 1500MB 250ms SCSI Cart - DJ-1 8.00 WMRM 1500MB 250ms SCSI Cart - Infinity Optical 5.25 FH WMRM 562MB 107ms SCSI Cart - CD-ROM 5.25 RO 600MB 380ms SCSI - - MCDRom-650 5.25 HH RO - 350ms SCSI,M Disk Yes MEOD650/E 5.25 WMRM 568MB 107ms SCSI - - 500AT Dual SCSI 5.25 HH RO - 500ms SCSI Disk Optical 500AT External 5.25 HH RO - 500ms PRO Disk Optical 500AT Ext.SCSI 5.25 HH RO - 500ms SCSI Disk Optical 500AT Internal 5.25 HH RO - 500ms PRO Disk Optical 500AT Int. SCSI 5.25 HH RO - 500ms SCSI Disk Optical 500PS2 Ext. 5.25 HH RO - 500ms PRO Disk Optical 500PS2EXT. SCSI 5.25 HH RO - 500ms SCSI Disk Optical Relax Tech. 25-2160 5.25 WMRM 570MB 65ms SCSI - - Ricoh RO-5030E II 5.25 FH WMRM 652MB 67ms SCSI Cart - RA-9100H 5.25 WORM 800MB 168ms SCSI Cart - PLI Peripherals Procom Technology Reference Technology HH 270 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio 5.25 FH WMRM 652MB 67ms SCSI Cart - CDU-7205 5.25 RO 600MB 340ms IDE - - CDU-7211 5.25 RO 600MB 380ms SCSI - - SMO-D501 C501 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - SMO-S501 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - SST Storage STAKII 5.25 WMRM 650MB 67ms SCSI - - Storage Dimensions Erasable Optical 5.25 WMRM 562MB 107ms SCSI - - LNE1-1000AT 5.25 WMRM 900MB 49ms SCSI - - LSE1-1000AT 5.25 WMRM 900MB 49ms SCSI - - MCE880-HC1 5.25 WMRM 900MB 49ms SCSI - - Summus Compo SO-600 5.25 WMRM 594MB 90md SCSI - - Sumo Systems RSSM600-C (PC) 5.25 WMRM 594MB 50ms SCSI Cart - RSSM600 DEC 5.25 WMRM 594MB 50ms SCSI Cart - RSSM600 S(SUN) 5.25 WMRM 594MB 50ms SCSI(S) Cart - CDR-3600U - - - - - - - Syst. 286-12 CD - - - - - - - Manufacturer Model Number Ricoh (Con't) RS-9200E II Sony Sun Moon Star © Form Factor Tandy CDR-1000 5.25 RO 600MB 1000ms Prop. - - Tecmar Laservault 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 107ms SCSI - - Texel DM-5021 5.25 RO 600MB 340ms SCSI - - Todd TCDR-6000 5.25 RO 600MB 340MS Prop. - - Toshiba TXM-3301-E1 5.25 RO 600MB 325ms SCSI - - esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 271 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Optical Drive List (Continued) Manufacturer Model Number Form Factor Type Capacity Access Time Interface Media Audio Toshiba (Can't) WM-070 5.25 WORM 900MB 90ms SCSI - - XM-3201A1 MAC 5.25 RO 600MB 350ms SCSI(M) - Yes XM-3201A1 PC 5.25 RO 600MB 350ms SCSI - Yes XM-3201-PS2 5.25 RO 600MB 350ms SCSI - Yes RO 683MB 350ms SCSI Cart Yes RO 683MB 380ms SCSI(M) Cart Yes RO 683MB 380ms SCSI Cart Yes RO 683MB 380ms SCSI Cart Yes HH HH HH XM-3201B 5.25 HH XM-5100A MAC 5.25 XM-5100A PCF 5.25 XM-5100A PS2 5.25 HH HH HH WM-500 - WORM 5000MB 160ms SCSI Cart Yes Trimarchi LaserAce 5.25 WMRM 600MB 45ms SCSI - - Tristar PE3600-10 5.25 WMRM 600MB 61ms SCSI - - PE3660-10Q 5.25 WMRM 600MB 61ms Q-Bus - - PE3660-1 R 5.25 WMRM 600MB 61ms SCSI - - PE3660-2R 5.25 WMRM 1200MB 61ms SCSI - - QD1000-Q 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms Q-Bus - - Q01000-S 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms SCSI(S) - - QD1000-U 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms Unibus - - QT1000-Q 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms Q-Bus - - QT1000-S 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms SCSI(S) - - QT1000-U 5.25 WMRM 1000MB 35ms Unibus - - Xyxis XY600RW 5.25 WMRM 574MB 61ms SCSI - - Zetaco SKR-600 5.25 WMRM 650MB 95ms SCSI - - U.S. Design 272 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Tape Drives Tape Drive Interfaces Data Compression and Honest Capacity Listed below are the most common tape drive interfaces. The Pertec standard interface dates back to the mainframe tape drives ofthe early 70' s. Nearly all 9 track reel to reel tape drives use the Pertec interface. Since digital tape drives have inherently slow access times, they are used primarily for backup and archival storage and large capacity information transfer. Since most backup and archival processes benefit greatly from data compression, many manufacturers include data compression software with their tape drives. Many also advertise the capacity of the tape drive AFTER DATA COMPRESSION. This advertising is deceptive because the actual storage capacity of the tape will vary depending on how much the incoming data can be compressed before it is recorded. Most data compression schemes will compress typical data to a maximum 2: 1 ratio. The actual compression ratio you get will depend on the type offiles you are compressing. Most graphics and text files can be easily compressed, while programs generally do not compress well. QIC-02 Choosing a Tape Drive QIC-02 is a hardware interface and software command set standard. QIC-02 drives have an imbedded microprocessor which controls them and uses standard commands to read and write blocks of data and control the tape (similar to the SCSI interface). A QIC-02 style command set is also used by most QIC-36 controllers. To choose a tape drive, fITst determine the maximum capacity you need. Beware ofdeceptive advertising when selecting a drive based on capacity. Colorado Memories sells the Colorado Jumbo as a 250 Megabyte floppy tape drive. The actual uncompressed storage capacity of this drive using standard length tapes is 80MB. Extended length tapes boost capacity to 120MB. If data can be compressed 2: 1 using the included Colorado data compression software, the capacity could be as high as 250MB. The actual storage capacity you get will probably be much less. Another main consideration in selecting a tape drive is data transfer rate. Floppy Tape drives are generally the slowest and QIC-36 and SCSI drives are generally the fastest available. Using data compression generally slows data transfer. The table below lists the backup times and transfer rates of some typical drives tested at CSC. The actual transfer rate and backup time you achieve will depend on several factors including: bus speed, hard drive speed, and controller setup, but this chart provides a relative reference. Floppy Tape The Floppy Tape interface is simply an SA-400 floppy drive pinout. Floppy tape drives can be connected just like a floppy drive and usually do not require a separate interface card. There is a performance penalty paid for this convenience though: most floppy tape drives can not transfer data faster than 500Kbits/sec. Pertee QIC-36 QIC-36 is a low level hardware interface used by most all DC600 style tape drives. This interface offers no "intelligence"; it connects directly the drive motors and heads. An intelligent controller is required to use the QIC-36 interface. SCSI The SCSI interface is now used on all of the newer DAT and most of the DC600 style tape drives. Many companies offer "bridge controllers" which connect QIC02 and QIC-36 drives to the SCSI bus. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 273 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Tape Drive Performance Comparison Colorado Jumbo "250MB" Interface: Controller: Rated Capacity: Honest Capacity: Transfer Rate: Time to write 40MB: Floppy Tape AT Floppy 250MB 120MB 1.3MB/minute 31 minutes thinner than normal. Thin tapes tend to tear under heavy use. If you do not need the extra capacity that extended length tapes provide, or if you use your tapes frequently, a standard length tape will prove more reliable. Thin tapes usually have an XL added to the tape part number. The following chart lists the standard capacities of most common standard and extra length tape cartridges. Caliper CP-150B Interface: Controller: Rated Capacity: Honest Capacity: Transfer Rate: Time to write 40MB: QIC-36 Wangtec (DMA mode) 250MB 250MB 6. 1MB/minute 6.5 minutes JVC 4MM SCSI OAT Interface: Controller: Rated Capacity: Honest Capacity: Transfer Rate: Time to write 40MB: SCSI CSC FastCache 64 Controller 800MB 800MB 7.5MB/minute 5.4 minutes PerSci 9 Track 6250BPI reel-reel Interface: Controller: Capacity with 9" tape: Transfer Rate: Time to write 40MB: Pertec MicroTech 80MB 5MB/minute 8 minutes The above performance tests were made in a typical 25MHz 486 clone with a SCSI hard drivee It's interesting to note that the QIC-36 drives offer a transfer rate similar to theDAT drives. The speed ofthe floppy tape drive was close to most floppy disk backup programs. Extended length Tapes The maximum capacity of a tape drive can also be increased using an extended length tape. To increase the length of a tape cartridge, the tape material must be made 274 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 STANDARD TAPE CAPACITY Tape Cartridge DC 100 DC 1000 DC 1000 Alphamat DC 2000 DC 2000XL DC 615 DC 600 DC 600A DC 600XTD DC 600XL 1/2" Cartridge 4MM DAT DDS-160M 4MM DAT DDS-190M 4MM DAT DDS-290M 8MM EXABYTE 8200 60M 8MM EXABYTE 8500 60M Reel-to-Reel Tapes 9 Track 1400BPI 9 Track 6250BPI Length (feet) Tracks 185 185 185 200 200 150 600 600 600 960 1000 180 270 270 180 180 16 16 24 24 24 09 09 09 15 15 36 Helical Helical Helical Helical Helical Length Tracks 1000' 1000' 9 9 Scan Scan Scan Scan Scan Capacity (no compression) 10MB 10MB 20MB 40MB 60MB 15MB 60MB 60MB 125MB 200MB 200MB 1300MB 2000MB 4000MB 2200MB 5000MB Capacity 17MB 75MB Standard Tape Capacity © csc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 275 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 276 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Manulacturers Phone List Although these numbers are believed to be correct to the best of our knowledge at the time of printing, CSC cannot assume liability for their use. 3COM Accton Technology Acculogic Ace Technologies, Inc Acer America Adaptec Adtron Corporation Allegro MicroSystems, Inc ALR AMD Amdek AmericaMegatrends AMI ASIS Division AMP Ampex Amphenol Corporation AMS AMT International Industries Angia Communications Apex Data Artisoft. AspenPeripherals AST AT! Technologies AT&T Microelectronics AT&T Paradyne Atmel Corporation Aura Associates Austin Computer Systems Award Software B.A.S.F B&C Microsystems, Inc Berg Electronics © esc 1994 (800)876-3266 (408)452-8900 (714)454-2441 (408)428-9722 (800)825-9977 (800)848-2237 (408)945-2550 (800)959-7274 (602)926-7274 (508)853-5000 (714)581-6770 (408)749-2385 (800)538-8450 (800)722-6335 (404)263-8181 (208)234-6661 (717)564-0100 (800)522-6752 (800)262-6739 (203)281-3200 (305)784-0900 (714)375-0306 (801)371-0488 (800)841-2739 (602)670-7000 (818)787-1111 (905)822-2626 (800)727-1278 (416)882-2600 (800)372-2447 (800)482-3333 (408)441-0311 (408)252-2872 (800)483-9938 (415)968-4433 (800)669-2273 (800)225-4350 (408)730-5511 (919)248-5098 Boca Research Borland Calcomp Calluna Technology Canon Capstone Technology Cardwell International Corp Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc CDC (Imprimis) Celestica Centennial, Inc C Centennial. Central Point. Century Microelectronics Chaplet Peripherals Chips & Technology CIM Engineering, Inc.(USA) Cirrus Logic CMS Enhancements Cogito Colorado Memory Commstar,lnc Compaq Complus Computer Boards Computer Peripherals ComTree USA Conner Peripherals Core International. Corporate Systems Center CPI Creative Labs Curtis Inc Cyrix Data 110 Data 1, Inc Databook Datalight. (407)241-8088 (800)841-8180 (800)541-7877 (408)453-4735 (800)423-2366 (51 0)438-3500 (916)985-1880 (408)748-7700 (800)852-3475 (800)461-2913 (508)670-0646 (508)532-5908 (800)535-3668 (503)690-8080 (408)748-7788 (408)732-7950 (408)434-0600 (415)578-9998 (51 0)623-8300 (714)222-6000 (408)942-8262 (303)635-1501 (612)473-4284 (800)345-1518 (510)623-1000 (508)261-1123 (805)499-5751 (301)670-6166 (408)433-3340 (408)456-3200 (407)997-6055 (800)688-9910 (408)734-3475 (805)499-6021 (405)742-6622 (612)631-9512 (800)462-9749 (206)881-6444 (800)332-1536 (800)642-1536 (716)889-4204 (206)435-8086 Hard Drive Bible 277 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Data Race, Inc Data Shield Data Trek Corporation Diamond Systems Digital Equipment Corp Disk Technologies DLink Dr. Neuhaus Engineering DuPont Connector Systems Elco Emulex Corporation Enhance Memory Products E Tech Research, Inc Epson America Everex EXP Computer EXP Memory FarPoint Communications FDKAmerica, Inc FlexstarTechnology Focus Microsystems Foxconn Intematinal, Inc Fuji Fujitsu America Fujitsu ICL Fujitsu Microelectronics Future Domain Gateway 2000 Gateway Communications Genoa GoldstarTechnology Globe Manufacturing Sales, Inc Greystone Peripherals GVC ~ Hayes Microcomputer Products Hewlett-Packard Hirose Electric, Inc Hitachi America, Ltd Houston Instruments (210)558-1900 (800)749-3703 (312)329-1601 (219)522-8000 (904)241-4550 (800)722-9332 (800)553-0337 (714)455-1688 (408)685-0928 (800)237-4357 (814)643-0700 (800)653-3526 (800)368-5393 (800)343-0100 (408)730-1388 (310)7825341 (800)922-8911 (510)498-4411 (516)496-3703 (714)453-1020 (805)726-4420 (408)432-8331 (510)440-0170 (408)436-2336 (408)749-1228 (408)428-9100 (800)626-4686 (800)345-0845 (408)922-9202 (714)253-0400 (800)879-7599 (605)232-2000 (800)846-2000 (714)553-1555 (800)367-6555 (408)432-9090 (800)777-1192 (908)232-7301 (800)227-3258 (408)866-4739 (201)579-3630 (404)441-1617 (208)323-2551 (800)752-0900 (805)522-7958 (415)589-8320 (800)369-0422 (800)444-3425 IBM IBM/Lexmark IBM Microelectronics IBM Personal Computer Co IBM Toronto Integral Peripherals Intel Corporation Iomega IMP Irma DCA Irwin Magnetics JAE Electronics, Inc I.S.T. Corporation Kalok Corporation(JTS) Kensington Microware Keytronic Kingston Technology Corp Kodak Diconix Kurta Kyocera LaserTools Linksys Logic Modeling Logitech Lonetek Electronics Technology Lotus Development. LSI Logic Corporation MSystems MagicRAM,Inc Mag Innovision Magnavox & Philips Maxell Corporation of America Maxim Integrated Products Maxtor Corporation Megadrive Systems Megahertz Corporation Memorex Computer Supplies Memorex Corporation Memory Card Associates Methode Electronics, Inc Micrel Semiconductor 278 Hard Drive Bible (416)448-4299 (800)426-3333 (606)232-3000 (802)769-6774 (800)772-2227 (416)448-5555 (800)461-2913 (303)449-8009 (503)629-7000 (800)879-4683 (800)456-5522 (408)432-9100 (404)740-0300 (801)778-3000 (714)753-2600 (708)803-3300 (800)947-1110 (408)734-4258 (800)535-4242 (800)262-6006 (714)435-2699 (800)344-0006 (800)445-8782 (619)576-2600 (800)767-8005 (714)261-1288 (503)690-6900 (800)344-0004 (510)795-0801 (408)737-7600 (800)223-0303 (408)433-8000 (516)424-4545 (213)413-9999 (800)827-3998 (615)475-0317 (201)794-8382 (408)737-7600 (408)432-1700 (800)262-9867 (800)322-4744 (801) 272-6000 (800)527-8677 (408)957-0104 (408)957-1000 (408)732-2550 (708)867-9600 (800)323-6858 (408)245-2500 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Micro Memory Micronics Micropolis Microsoft Corporation Miniscribe (Now MaxtorColorado) Ministor Peripherals Corp Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Electronics America Molex, Inc Motorola NewsCard Motorola UDS Mountain Network Solutions MSD3 Multitech Design & Test, Inc Multitech Systems Nanao USA Corporation NationalInstruments National Semiconductor NCL NCR NDC Communications, Inc NEC Technologies Newbury Data New Media Corporation Novacor, Inc Novell. Okidata Oki Semiconductor Olivetti. Olson Computer Products Omron Ontrack OPTI OptimaTechnology OrchidTechnology Otari Corporation Pacific DataProducts Pacific Magtron Pacific Rim Systems, Inc Panasonic © CSC 1994 (818)998-0070 (510)651-2300 (818)709-3300 (206)454-2030 (303)651-6000 (800)262-9867 (408)943-0165 (800)843-2515 (800)344-6352 (408)746-0911 (708)969-4550 (407)364-3160 (800)542-7882 (205)430-8000 (800)451-2369 (800)458-0300 (408)778-7267 (408)970-8700 (612)785-3500 (800)328-9717 (800)800-5202 (512)794-0100 (800)272-9959 (408)737-2496 (316)636-8000 (408)428-9108 (708)860-0335 (800)388-8888 (310)372-3775 (714)453-0550 (800)453-0550 (408)441-6500 (800)453-1267 (609)235-2600 (800)634-0089 (408)737-6372 (908)526-8200 (210)379-7000 (408)727-1444 (612)937-2121 (408)980-8178 (714)476-0515 (510)683-0300 (415)341-5900 (619)597-3444 (408)733-1188 (510)782-1013 (408)262-2200 (800)222-0584 Panasonic Industrial Co ParadiseSystems PCS Computer Products Pen National, Inc Phoenix Technologies, Inc Piiceon Practical Peripherals Precision Plastics Pre Max Electronics PrimaIntemational Procom Technology Proteon Proxim Pure Data Quantum R&D Micro, Inc Robinson Nugent Rockwell Intemaitonal. Rohm Corporation Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Seagate Technology Sharp Electronics Shugart Siemens Sierra Semiconductor Silicon Storage Technology Silicon Systems Siliconix Simple Technology, Inc SmartModularTechnologies SMC SMS/OMTI Socket Communications Solectek Sony Stocko Connectors Storage Dimensions Summagraphics Summit Memory SunDisk Corporation (201)348-5272 (800)848-3979 (415)960-3360 (800)832-4778 (408)441-6174 (801)973-6090 (617)551-4000 (408)432-8030 (800)366-2983 (805)496-7707 (415)588-4450 (714)851-8242 (408)727-2600 (714)549-9449 (800)800-8600 (508)898-3100 (415)960-1630 (800)661-8210 (408)894-4000 (714)830-1387 (812)945-0564 (714)833-6849 (615)641-2020 (408)954-7000 (800)423-7364 (408)438-6550 (800)468-3472 (201)529-9457 (714)770-1100 (714)979-2240 (408)263-9300 (408)735-9110 (714)573-6200 (408)988-8000 (800)554-5565 (714)558-1120 (800)367-7330 (510)623-1231 (800)992-4762 (800)638-5323 (408)954-1633 (510)670-0300 (800)437-1518 (408)432-0190 (201)93304452 (408)954-0710 (800)729-7866 (408)438-2660 (408)562-0500 Hard Drive Bible 279 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 SupraCorporation Synova Systems Syquest. SystemSoft Corporation Tandy TDK Systems Devel. Center TeacIncorporated Teka Interconnection Systems Telecomputer, Inc Telenetics Texas Instruments Texel. Toddco General, Inc Toshiba Toshiba Electronic Components Trantor TRENDware International, Inc Tripplite Tulin US Robotics Vadem Ventura Micro, Inc VLSI Technology, Inc WesternDigital. Windsoft. Wireless Access Word Perfect. Wyse Xircom XXCAL,Inc Zenith Zeos ZIA Zilog 280 Hard Drive Bible (503)967-2410 (800)727-8772 (408)436-2336 (510)226-4000 (800)245-2278 (508)651-0088 (817)390-3011 (916)265-5395 (213)726-0303 (401 )785-411 0 (714)894-8954 (714)455-4000 (817)771-5856 (800)886-3935 (619)549-9229 (714)455-0407 (800)999-4273 (714)455-2000 (408)945-8600 (31 0)328-7795 (312)329-1601 (408)432-9025 (800)982-5151 (408)943-9301 (805)486-6686 (408)434-3100 (714)932-4900 (800)832-4778 (201)586-4400 (408)383-1900 (800)541-5096 (408)435-2770 (818)878-7600 (800)874-7875 (310)477-2902 (708)808-4300 (800)553-0331 (800)554-7172 (800)722-2447 (408)370-8000 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 BUlletin Board Services Many manufacturers of hard drives and other related computer products maintain computer bulletin boards to provide technical support for their customers. Listed below are bulletin boards that we know about. The ones that we have called all use 8,N, 1, modem paramAccton Technology Adaptec Always Technology Areal Technology APCU(Assoc of PC Groups) ATI Technologies Award(BIOS) Borland Central Point Software Chips & Technology Computer Peripherals Inc Conner Peripherals Core International. CDC esc Tech Support Data Technology Corp Disk Technologies DPT (DistProcess Tech) Emulex Corporation Fifth Generation Systems FutureDomain Gateway Communications Genoa Gibson Research GVC Hayes Microcomputer Products Headland Technology Hercules Computer Tech IBM Microelctronics IBM PC Users Group Intel Support JTS Corporation(Kalok) LAN (Magazine) Logitech Mace, Paul Software © CSC 1994 (408)452-8828 (408)945-7727 (818)597-0275 (408)954-0360 (408)439-9367 (905)764-9404 (416)764-9404 (415)968-0249 (408)439-9096 (503) 690-6650 (408)456-0721 (805)499-9646 (408)456-4415 (407)241-2929 (408)438-8771 (408)541-8455 (408)942-4197 (407)671-6099 (407)831-6432 (714)662-1445 (504)295-3344 (714)253-0432 (714)863-7097 (408)943-1231 (714)362-8848 (20 1)579-2380 (404)446-6336 (800)874-2937 (51 0)656-0503 (51 0)540-0621 (919)517-0001 (404)988-2790 (503)645-6275 (408)734-4258 (415)267-7640 (510)795-0408 (714)240-7459 eters. Many of them support modem speeds up to 14.4K baud. Although these numbers are believed to be correct to the best of our knowledgeat the time of printing, CSC cannot assume liability for their use. Maxtor McAffee Association Micronics Micropolis Corporation Miniscribe Mouse Systems Multitech Systems National Semiconductor New Media Corporation NortoniSymantec Novell(2400) (9600) OntrackComputerSystems OPTI Optima Technology Orchid Technology Panasonic Comm. Systems PKWare (PKZip) Proxim Quantum Quarterdeck Office Systems Samsung Info. Systems Seagate Technology USA Seagate Technology UK Seagate Technology Germany Seagate Technology Singapore Silicon Valley Computers Storage Dimension SunDisk Corporation Syquest. Tech Data Telix Support Toshiba America U.S .Robotics Western Digital. WordPerfect Corporation Wyse Technology (303)678-2222 (408)988-4004 (510)651-6837 (818)709-331 0 (303)678-2222 (510)683-0617 (612)785-9875 (408)245-0671 (714)453-0214 (408)973-9598 (408)649-3443 (408)649-3696 (612)937-0860 (408)980-9774 (714)476-0626 (51 0) 683-0327 (201 )863-7845 (414)354-8670 (415)960-2419 (408)894-3214 (31 0)396-3904 (408)434-5684 (408)438-8771 44-628-478011 49-89-140-9331 65-227-2217 (415)967-8081 (408)944-1220 (408)986-1186 (510)656-0473 (813)538-7090 (919)481-9399 (714)837-4408 (708)982-5092 (714)753-1234 (80 1)225-4414 (408)922-4400 Hard Drive Bible 281 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 282 Hard Drive Bible © CSC1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Directory The following is a list of the addresses and phone numbers of many manufacturers of storage devices and related products. The code shown at the end of the listing indicates the primary products for that manufacturer. Accton Technology 1962 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 95112 (408) 452-8900 (408) 452-8988 Fax Ace Technologies, Inc. 2880 Zanker Road, #103 San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 428-9722 (800) 825-9977 (408) 428-9721 Fax Acer America 2641 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95134 (800) 848-ACER (408) 922-2953 Fax Acma Computers, Inc. 47988 Fremont Blvd. Fremont, CA 94538 (510) 249-0560 Adaptec, Inc. 691 South Milpitas Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035 (000) 422-7274 -'" -- --- Adtron Corporation 3050 S Country Club Dr. Suite 24 Mesa, AZ 84210 (602) 926-9324 (602) 926-9359 Fax Advanced Di5 ital Information Corporation 14737 N.E. 87th St. Redmond W A 88073-2996 ~:800) 336-1233 (206) 881-8004 ~C MTD PCTD PCRW © CSC 1994 Advanced Gravis Computer Tech, Ltd. 1602 Carolina St. Ste D-12 Bellingham, W A 98226 (604) 434-7274 MPC Allegro MicroSystems, Inc 115 Northeast Cutoff Box 15036 Worchester, MA 01615 (508) 853-5000 Alphatronix, Inc. 2300 Englert Dr. Ste. C P.O. Box 13687 Research Triangle Pk NC 27709-3687 (919) 544-0001 MRWPCRW AMD 901 Thompson Place Sunnyvale, CA 94088 (408) 749-2385 (800) 538-8450 American Megatrends 6145F Northbelt Pky Norcross, GA 30071 (404) 263-8181 (404) 263-9381 Fax American Micro Research 13505A Yorba Ave. Chino, CA 91710 (714) 590-3900 M Code: M = Macintosh, PC = IBM PC or compatibles, MTD = Macintosh Tape Drives, PCTD = PC Tape Drives, MCD = Macintosh CD-ROM, PCCD = PC CD-ROM, MRW = Macintosh Read/Write Optical, PCRW = PC Read/Write Optical. AMI ASIS Division 200 South Main Street Pocatello, ID 83204 (208) 234-6661 (208) 234-6695 Fax Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 (408) 996-1010 MMCD AMP P.O. Box 3608 Harrisburg, PA 17105 (717) 564-0100 (800) 522-6752 (717) 986-7575 Fax Applied Engineering 3210 Beltline Rd. #154 Dallas, TX 75234 (214) 241-6060 M AMS 1460 SW 3rd St. Suite B-8 Pompono Beach, FL 33069 (305) 784-0900 (305) 784-5872 Fax AMT Int'l Industries 16571 Gemini Lane Huntington Beach CA 92647 (714) 375-0306 (714) 375-0317 Fax Areal Technology, Inc. 2075 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 436-6800 (408) 436-6844 Fax PC Aspen Peripherals 7247 Hayvenhurst Ave AS Van Nuys, CA 91406 (818) 787-1111 (818) 779-2866 Fax Angia Communications 441 East Bay Blvd. P.O.Box 50540 Provo, UT 84605-0540 (801) 371-0488 (801) 373-9847 Fax AST Research, Inc. 16215 Alton Pkwy P.O. Box 19658 Irvine, CA 92718 (800) 876-4278 (714) 727-4141 PCPCTD Apex Data 6670 Amador Plaza Rd. #200 Dublin, CA 94568 (800) 841-APEX (510) 803-9388 Fax AT&T Microelctronics Two Oak Way Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 (800) 372-2447 (215) 439-5923 Fax Hard Drive Bible 283 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 AT&T Paradyne 8545 126th Avenue N Largo, FL 34649 (800) 482-3333 (813) 530-2103 Fax Atmel Corporation 2125 O'Nel Drive San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 441-0311 (408) 436-4300 Fax Aura Associates 2605 S Winchester Blvd. Campbell, FA 95008 (408)252-2872 (408)252-2876 Fax Auspex Engineering 9051 Pelican Avenue Fountain Valley, CA 92708 (714) 964-6405 (714) 965-9935 Fax Austin Computer Systems 10300 Metric Blvd. Austin, TX 78758 (800)483-9938 (512)454-1357 Fax Award Software Int'I. 777 E Middlefield Road Mt. View, CA 94043 (415) 968-4433 (415) 968-0274 FAx Axonix 1214 Wilmington Ave. Salt Lake City, UT 84106 (800) 866-9797 (801) 466-9797 PC B & C Microsystems, Inc. 750 North Patoria Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 730-5511 (408) 730-5521 Fax Berg-Electronics Barley Mill Plaza Wilmington,DE 19898 (919) 248-5098 (919) 248-5341 Fax Blackhole Tech. Corp. 225 East St. Winchester, MA 01890 (800) 227-1688 (617) 721-7690 MTD Boca Raton Technical Serv 1000 NW 51st Street Roca Raton, FL 33429 (407) 443-8350 (800) 426-2622 (407) 982-4288 Fax Boca Research, Inc. 6413 Congress Avenue Boca Raton, FL 33487 (407)997-6227 (407)997-0918 Boca Technology Group 21346 St Andrews Blvd #219 Roca Raton, FL 33433 (407) 750-1528 (407) 750-8873 Fax Brand Technology, Inc. 9559 Irwindale Chatsworth, CA 91311 (818) 407-4040 PC Calluna Technology 1792 Technology Drive #241 San Jose, CA 95110 (408)453-4735 (408)453-0427 Fax Canon U.S.A. Inc. 1 Canon Plaza LakeSuccess, NY 11042 (516) 488-6700 PCRW Cardwell Int'I. Corp. 110 Blue Ravine Road Suite 156 Folsom, CA 95630 (916)985-1880 (916)985-1899 Fax Catalyst Semiconductor 2231 Calle De Luna Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408)748-7700 (408)980-8209 Fax CIM Engineering (USA) 1291 E Hillsdale Blvd. Foster City, CA 94404 (415)578-9998 (415)578-0259 Fax CBIS, Inc. 5875 Peachtree Industrial Blvd #160 Norcross, GA 30092 (404) 446-1332 MCDPCCD Cipher Data Products, Inc 10101 Old Grove Road San Diego, CA 92138 (800) 424-7437 (619) 578-9100 MTDPCTDUTD CD Technology, Inc. 780 Montaque Expwy #407 San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 432-8698 MCDPCCD Cirrus Logic 3100 W Warren Avenue Fremont, CA 94538 (510) 623-8300 (510) 226-2180 Fax Centennial, Inc. 37 Manning Rd, Suite 1 Billerica, MA 01821 (508)670-0646 (508)670-9025 Fax C Centennial 2 Centennial Drive Peabody, MA 01960 (508)532-5908 (800)535-3668 (508)532-6275 Fax Century Microelectronics 4800 Great America Pky Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408)748-7788 (408)748-8688 Fax Chaplet Peripherals 252 North Wolfe Road Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408)732-7950 (408)732-6050 Fax Chinon America, Inc. 660 Maple Ave. Torrance, CA 90503 (800) 441-0222 (310) 533-0274 MCDPCCD Chinook Technology 601 Main St. #635 Longmont, CO 80501 (800) 999-7034 (303) 678-5544 CMS Enhancements, Inc. 2722 Michelson Irvine, CA 92715 (714) 222-6000 MPCMTDMWR Colorado Memory Sys. 800 S. Taft Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 (303) 669-8000 PCTD Commstar, Inc. 6440 Flying Floud Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 (612)473-4284 (612)473-4284 Fax Complus 4151 Business Center Dr. Fremont, CA 94538 (510)623-1000 (510)623-1004 Fax Computer Age Inc. 9433 Georgia Avenue Silverspring, MD 20910 (800)622-3384 (301)588-6565 M Comp~ter Boards 125 High Street Mansfield, MA 02048 (508)261-1123 (508)261-1094 Fax '.., 284 Hard Drive Bible © esc 1994 ~ Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Computer Peripherals 667 Rancho Conejo Blvd. Newbury Park, CA 91320 (805) 499-5751 (800) 854-7600 Data I, Inc. 2739 US North, Suite 213 Holiday, FL 34691 (800) 632-1536 ComTreeUSA 211 Perry Parkway #5 Gaitherburg, MD 20877 (301) 670-6166 (301) 670-6167 Fax Databook, Inc. 112 Prospect Street Babcock Hall Ithaca, NY 14850 (716) 889-4204 (716) 889-2593 Fax Conner Peripherals 3081 Zanker Rd. San Jose, CA 95134-2128 (408) 456-4500 (408) 456-4501 Fax MPC Datalight 307 N Olympic Avenue Suite 201 Arlington, WA 98223 (206) 435-8086 (206) 435-0253 Fax Core International, Inc. 3605 Long Beach Blvd. #233 Long Beach, CA 92646 (407) 997-6055 MPCPCTD Data Race, Inc. 11550 IH 10 West Suite 395 San Antonio, TX 78230 (210) 558-1900 (800) 749-7223 (210) 558-1929 Fax Corporate Systems Center (CSC) DataTrek Corporation 1294 Hammerwood Ave. 4505 Wyland Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Elkhart, IN 46516 (408) 734-3475 (219) 522-8000 (408) 745-1816 Fax (219) 522-0822 Fax (800) PCMCIA7 MPCPCTD Curtis, Inc. 418 W County Road D Saint Paul, MN 55112 (612) 631-9512 (612) 631-9508 Fax Cutting Edge P.O. Box 1259 Evanston, WY 82930 (307) 789-0582 (307) 789-8519 Fax M Data I/O 10525 Willows Road NE P.O.Box 97046 Redmond, WA 98073-9746 (206) 881-6444 (800) 332-8246 © CSC 1994 Deltaic Systems 1701 Junction Ct. #302B San Jose, CA 95112 (800) 745-1240 (408) 441-1240 M PC MTD PCTD MWR PCRW Denon America, Inc. 222 New Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 (201) 575-7810 MCDPCCD Digital Equipment Corp. 40 Old Bolton Road Stow, MA 01775 (800) 722-9332 Disk Technologies, Inc. 904 Railroad Ave. Winter Park, FL 32789 (800) 553-0337 (407) 645-0001 MPC DMA Technologies, Inc. 601 Pine Ave. Goleta, CA 93117 (800) 223-9443 (805) 964-0733 MPCMRWPCRW Dr. Neuhaus Engineering 1145 Pinehurst Drive Aptos, CA 95003 (408) 685-0928 (408) 685-0928 Fax EMC Corporation 171 South St. Hopkinton MA 017489103 (800) 222-3622 (508) 435-1000 PC Epson America, Inc. 20770 Madrona Avenue Torrance, CA 90503 (310) 782-5341 (800) 289-3776 (310) 782-5320 Fax Espert Co. Ltd 1630 Oakland Road, AI09 San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 452-5771 PC DTC (see Qume) DuPont Connector Sys. Barley Mill Plaza P.O.Box 80019 Wilmington, DE 19880 (800) 237-4357 Ehman, Inc. 97 S. Red Willow Road Evanston, WY 82930 (800) 257-1666 (307) 789-3830 M Enhance Memory Products 18720 Oxnard Street Tarzana, CA 91356 (818) 343-3066 (800) 343-0100 (818) 343-1436 Fax Elco Huntington Industrial Park Huntington, PA 16652 (814) 643-0700 (800) 653-ELCO (814) 643-0426 Fax EMAC Division of Everex 48431 Milmont Dr. Fremont, CA 94538 (800) 811-0806 (510) 683-2382 MTDPCTD E Tech Research, Inc. 3525 Ryder Street Santa Clara, CA 95051 (408) 730-1388 (408) 730-2488 Fax EXP Computer 223 Michael Drive Stosser, NY 11791 (516) 496-3703 (516) 496-2914 Fax EXPMemory 12C Mauchly Irvine, CA 92718 (714) 453-1020 (714) 453-1319 Fax FarPoint Communications 104 East Avenue K4, Suite F Lancaster, CA 93535 (805) 726-4420 (805) 726-4438 Fax FDK America, Inc. 3099 North First Street San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 432-8331 (408) 435-7478 Fax Hard Drive Bible 285 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Flexstar Technology 213 Hammond Avenue Fremont, CA 94539 (510) 440-0170 (510) 440-0177 Fax Focus Microsystems 1735 North First Street Suite 307 San Jose, CA 95112 (408) 436-2336 (408) 436-2348 Fax Foxconn International 930 W Maude Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 749-1228 (408) 749-1266 Fax Fujitsu America, Inc. 3055 Orchard Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 (800) 626-4686 (408) 432-1300 MPC Fujitsu Microelectronics 3545 North First Street San Jose, CA 95134-1804 (408) 922-9202 (408) 432-9030 Fax Fuji Electric Co. 2610B North 1st. Street San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 428-9100 PC Future Domain 2801 McGaw Avenue Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 253-0400 FWB, Inc. 2040 Polk St. #215 San Francisco, CA 94109 (415) 474-8055 MPCMTDMRW Gateway 2000 610 Gateway Drive North Sioux City, SD 57049 (605) 232-2000 (800) 846-2000 (605) 232-2023 Fax 286 Hard Drive Bible Gateway Communications 2941 Alton Avenue Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 553-1555 (800) 367-6555 (714) 553-1616 Fax Hitachi America 2000 Sierra Point Pkwy Research Triangle Park, NC27709 (916) 543-0297 (196) 543-0159 Kyocera Unison, Inc. 1321 Harbor Bay Pkwy. Alameda, CA 94501 (800) 367-7437 (510) 748-6680 PC Globe Manufacturing, Inc. 1159 US Route 22 Mountainside, NJ 07092 (908) 232-7301 (800) 227-3258 (908) 232-4729 Fax IBM Microelectronics 1000 River Street Essex Junction, VT 05452 (802) 769-6774 La Cie, Ltd 19552 S.W. 90th Ct. Tualatin, OR 97062 (800) 999-0143 (503) 646-3424 Greystone Peripherals 130-A Knowles Drive Los Gatos, CA95030 (408) 866-4739 (408) 866-8238 Fax GVC 376 Lafayette Road Sparta, NJ 07871 (201) 579-3630 (201) 579-2702 Fax Hayes Microcomputer Products P.O.Box 105203 Atlanta, GA 30348 (404) 441-1617 (404) 441-1213 Fax HCo. Computer Products 17922 Skypark Circle Suite F Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 833-3222 (800) 726-2477 (714) 833-3389 Fax Hewlett-Packard Co. Disk Memory Division P. O. Box 39 Boise, ID 83707-0039 (208) 323-2332 (208) 323-3991 Fax PC Hirose Electric, Inc. 2688 Westhill Court Simi Valley, CA 93065 (805) 522-7958 (805) 522-3217 Fax IBM Personal Computer Co Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 (800) 772-2227 (800) 426-4329 Fax Integral Peripherals 5775 Flatiron Pkwy Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 449-8009 (303) 449-8089 Fax Intel Corporation 1900 Prairie City Road Folsom, CA 95630 (916) 356-2746 (800) 879-4683 (916) 356-5033 Fax Iomega Corp. 1821 W. 4000 South Roy, DT 84067 (800) 234-0408 (801) 778-3398 MPCMRWPCRW JAE Electroniccs, Inc. 142 Technology Drive Building 100 Irvine, CA 92718-2401 (714) 753-2600 (714) 753-26999 Fax Jasmine Technologies Inc. 1225 Elko Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 (800) 347-3228 (408) 752-2900 M Kingston Technology 17600 Newhope Street Fountain Valley CA 92708 (714) 435-2699 (714) 534-2699 Fax Laser Magnetic Storage Int'l 4425 Arrows W. Dr. Colorado Springs, CO 80907 (800) 777-5674 (719) 593-7900 MCD PCCD MRW PCRW Liberty Systems 160 Saratoga Ave. #38 Santa Clara, CA 95051 (408) 983-1127 M PC MTD PCTD MRW PCRW Linksys 16811A Millikan Avenue Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 261-1288 (714) 261-8868 Fax Literal Corporation 2180 Executive Circle Colorado Springs, CO 80906 (719) 540-7883 MRWPCRW Logic Modeling 19500 NW Gibbs Drive P.O.Box310 Beaverton, OR 97075 (503) 690-6900 (800) 344-0004 (503) 690-6906 Fax LSI Logic Corporation Milpitas, CA (408) 433-8000 (408) 434-6457 Fax © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 MSystems 200 Broadhollow Road Suite 207 Melville, NY 11747 (516) 424-4545 (516) 424-4546 MagicRAM, Inc. 1850 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90057 (213) 413-9999 (213) 413-0828 Fax Mass Microsystems 810 W. Maude Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (800) 522-7979 (408) 522-1200 MTD MRW Maxell Corp of America 22-08 Route 208 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 (201) 794-8382 (201) 794-3274 Fax Maxim Integrated Products 120 San Grabriel Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600 Maxtor Corporation 211 River Oaks Pkwy San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 432-1700 (800) 2-MAXTOR (408) 432-4510 Fax MPC MDB Systems, Inc. 1110 W. Taft Ave. P.O. Box 5508 Orange, CA 92613-5508 (800) 556-0222 (714) 998-6900 MPCMTDPCTD Mega Drive Systems 1900 Ave of the Stars 2870 Los Angeles, CA 90067 (800) 322-4744 (310) 556-1663 MPC © CSC 1994 Megahertz Corporation 4505 S Wasatch Blvd Salt Lake City, UT 84124 (801) 272-6000 (801) 272-6077 Fax Memorex Computer Supplies 1200 Memorex Drive Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 957-0104 (408) 957-1145 Fax Memory Card Assoc. 1600 Wyatt Drive, Suite 9 Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 732-2550 (408) 970-8422 Fax Methode Electronics, Inc. 6446 W Wilson Avenue Chicago, IL 60656 (708) 867-9600 (800) 323-6858 (708) 867-0435 Fax Micrel Semiconductor 560 Oakmead Parkway Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 245-2500 (408) 245-4175 Fax Microscience Int'l Corp. 90 Headquarters Drive San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 433-9898 (408) 954-0989 PC Ministor Peripherals Corp 2801 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 943-0165 (408) 434- 0784 Fax Mitsubishi Electronics 1050 E Arques Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 746-0911 (408) 746-0915 Fax Molex, Inc. 2222 Wellington Court Lisle, IL 60521 (708) 969-4550 (708) 969-1352 Fax Morton Management, Inc. 12079 Tech Road Silver Spring, MD 20904 (800) 548-5744 (301) 622-5600 PC PCTD PCCD PCRW Motorola NewsCard 1500 NW 22nd Avenue Boynton Beach, FL 33426 (407) 364-3160 (800) 542-7882 Motorola UDS 5000 Bradford Drive Huntsville, AL 35805-1993 (205) 430-8000 (800) 451-2369 (205) 830-5657 Fac MSD3 365 Woodview Avenue Suite 700 Morgan Hill, CA 95037 (408) 778-7267 (408) 778-7267 Fax Mountain Network Solutions 240 E. Hacienda Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 (800) 458-0300 (408) 379-4300 PCTD Multimedia Systems division of Hitachi 401 W. Artesia Blvd. Compton, CA 90220 (800) 369-0422 (310) 537-8383 MCDPCCD Multitech Design & Test 3171 Jay Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 970-8700 (408) 980-0451 Fax Multitech Systems 2205 Woodale Drive Mounds View, MN 55112 (612) 785-3500 (800) 328-9717 (612) 785-9874 Fax National Instruments 6504 Bridge Point Pkwy Austin, TX 78730-5039 (512) 794-0100 (512) 794-8411 National Semiconductor 2900 Semiconductor Drive P.O.Box 58090 Santa Clara, CA 95052 (800) 272-9959 (800) 428-0065 Fax NDC Communications 2180 Bering Drive San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 428-9108 (408) 428-9109 Fax NEC Profession Systems Div. 1255 Michael Dr. Wood Dale, IL 60191 (800) 366-3632 (708) 860-9500 MCDPCCD NEC Technologies 1414 Machachusetts Ave Boxborough, MA 01719 (800) 388-8888 New Media Corporation 15375 Barranca BIOI Irvine, CA 92718 (714) 453-0550 (800) 453-0550 (714) 453- 0114 Fax Novacor, Inc. 1841 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 95112 (408) 441-6500 (408) 441-6811 Fax Ocean Microsystems, Inc. 246 E. Hacienda Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 (408) 374-8300 MPCMRWPCRW Oki Semiconductor 785 North Mary Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-6372 (408) 720-1918 Fax Hard Drive Bible 287 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Olson Computer Products 1903 North Austin Street Seguin, TX 78155 (210) 379-7000 (210) 379-4921 Fax Phonix Technologies 846 University Avenue Norwood, MA 02062 (617) 551-4000 (617) 551-3750 Fax Proxim 295 N Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 (415) 960-1630 (415) 964-5181 Fax Optima Technology Corp. 17526 Van Karman Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 476-0515 (714) 476-0613 FAX M PC MID PCTD MRW PCRW Piceon 1996 Lundy Avenue San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 432-8030 (800) 366-2983 (408) 943-1309 Fax QLogic 3545 Harbor Blvd. Costa Mesa, CA 92626 (800) TOP-SCSI Orca Technology, Corp. 1751 Fox Drive San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 441-1111 (408) 441-1102 Fax Pacific Magtron, Inc. 568-8 Weddell Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089 (800) 828-2822 (408) 744-1188 MPC Panasonic Industrial Co. 2 Panasonic Way, B7C7 Secaucus, NJ 07094 (201) 348-5272 (800) 848-3979 (201) 392-6361 Fax PCs Computer Products 1350 Ridder Park Drive San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 441-6174 (408) 453-7667 Fax Pen National, Inc. 2351 South 2300 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119 (801) 973-6090 (800) 8PCMCIA (801) 973-4550 Fax Personal Computer Peripherals Corp. (PCPC) 4710 Eisenhower Blvd. Bldg. A-4 Tampa, FL 33634 (800) 622-2888 (813) 884-3092 MTD 288 Hard Drive Bible Pioneer Communications of America, Inc. 600E. Crescent Ave. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 (201) 327-6400 MCDPCCD Practical Peripherals 375 Conejo Ridge Avenue Thousands Oaks, CA 91361 (805) 497-4774 (805) 374-7200 Fax Precision Plastics 340 Roebling Road South San Francisco, CA 94080 (415) 588-4450 (415) 5888-5336 Fax PreMax Electronics 17702 Mitchell North, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 851-8242 (714) 851-8249 Fax Prima International 3350 Scott Blvd., Bldg. 7 Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408z0 727-2600 (408) 727-2435 Fax Procom Technology, Inc. 200 McCormick Ave. Costa Mesa, CA 92626 (714) 549-9449 M PC MTD PCTD MCD PCCD MRW PCRW Qume/DTC 500 Yosemite Drive Milpitas, CA 05035 (408) 262-7700 PCC R&D Micro, Inc. 23392-A Madero Road Mission Viejo, CA 92691 (714) 830-1387 (714) 951-5422 Fax Robinson Nugent P.O.Box 1208 New Albany IN 48151 (812) 945-0564 (812) 845-0804 Fax Rockwell International 4311 Jamboree Road Newport Beach, CA 92658 (714) 833-6849 (714) 833-6375 Fax Rodime Systems 7700 W. Camino Real Boca Raton, FL 33433 (407) 994-5585 MPC Rohm Corporation 3034 Owen Drive Antioch, TN 37013 (615) 641-2020 (615) 641-2022 Fax Samsung Electronics, Ltd. 3725 North First Street San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 954-7000 (800) 423- 7364 (408) 954-7870 Fax Seagate Technology 920 Disc Drive Scotts Valley, CA 95066 (408) 438-655(408) 4386356 Fax MPC Sharp Electronics Sharp Plaza Mahwah, NJ 07430 (201) 529-9457 (201) 529-9117 Fax Sierra Semiconductor 2075 N Capitol Avenue San Jose, CA 95132 (408)263-9300 Silicon Storage Technology 1208 Apollo Way Suite 502 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 735-9110 (408) 735-9036 Fax Silicon Systems 14351 Myford Road Tustin, CA 92680 (714) 573-6200 (714) 573-6906 Fax Siliconix 2201 Laurelwood Road P.O.Box 54951 Santa Clara, CA 95056 (408) 988-8000 (800) 554-5565 (408) 727-5414 Fax Simple Technology, Inc. 1801 E Edinger Ave #255 Santa Ana, CA 92705 (714) 558-1120 (800) 367-7330 (714) 558-0997 Fax Socket Communications 2501 Technology Drive Hayward, CA 94545 (510) 670-0300 (510) 670-0333 Fax Solectek 6370 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121 (800) 437-1518 © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Sony Computer Peripheral Products Co. 655 River Oaks Pkwy. San Jose, CA 95134 (800) 222-0878 (408) 432-0190 MCD Synova Systems 1735 N First St., Suite 307 San Jose, CA 95112 (408) 436-2336 (408) 436-2348 Fax Texas Instruments 12203 SW Freeway Staffold, TX 77477 (713) 274-3361 Toddco General, Inc. 7888 Silverton Avenue Suite A San Diego, CA 92126 (619) 549-9229 (619) 549-2162 Fax Sony Corporation 2 Van Riper Road Montvale, NJ 07645 (201) 476-8199 (201) 476-8155 Fax SyQuest Technology, Inc. 47071 Bayside Pkwy. Fremont, CA 94538 (510) 226-4000 (800) 245-2278 (510) 226-4102 Fax MTD STB Systems, Inc. 1651N. Glenville, #210 Richardson, TX 75081 (214) 234-8750 PCTD SystemSoft Corporation 313 Speen Street Natick, MA 01760 (508) 651-0088 (508) 651-8188 Fax Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. 9740 Irvine Blvd. Irvine, CA 92718 (800) 456-3475 (714) 583-3000 MCDPCCD Stocko Connectors P.O.Box 187 495 Industrial "Road Carlstadt, NJ 07072 (201) 933-4452 (201) 933-4522 Fax TDK Systems Dev Center 117 New Mohawk Road Nevada City, CA 95959 (916) 265-5395 (916) 478-8390 Fax TRENDware International 2421 W 205th St., D-102 Torrance, CA 90501 (310) 328-7795 (310) 328-7798 Fax Teac America, Inc. 7733 Telegraph Road Montebello, CA 90640 (213) 726-0303 PCPCTD Tulin Corporation 2156H O'Toole Ave. San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 432-9025 (408) 943-0782 FAX MPC Storage Plus Inc. dba Sumo Systems 1580 Old Oakland Rd. Suite. CI03 San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 453-5744 MCD SunDisk Corporation 3270 Jay Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 562-0500 (408) 980-8607 Fax Supra Corporation P.O.Box 7101 Albany, OR 97321-8000 (503) 967-2410 (800) 727-8772 (503) 967-2401 Fax SyDOS, Div. of SyQuest 6501 Park of Commerce Blvd. Suite 110 Boca Raton, FL 33487 (407) 998-5400 PCTD © CSC 1994 Tecmar, Inc. 6225 Cochran Rd. Solon, OH 44139 (800) 624-8560 (216) 349-0600 MTD PCTD MRW PCRW US Robotics 8100 N McCormick Blvd. Skokie, IL 60076-2999 (800) DIAL-USR (708) 982-5235 Fax Teka Interconnection Sys. 45 Salem Street Providence, RI 02907-2888 (401) 785-4110 (401) 461-2310 Fax Vadem 1885 Lundy Avenue #201 San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 943-9301 (408) 943-9735 Fax Telecomputer, Inc. 15026 Moran Street Westminister, CA 92683 (714) 894-8954 (714) 891-8364 Fax Ventura Micro, Inc. 200 South A Street Ste 208 Oxnard, CA 93030-5717 (805) 486-6686 (805) 486-3343 Fax Telenetics 26772 Vista Terrace Drive Lake Forest, CA 92630 (714) 455-4000 VLSI Technology, Inc. 1109 McKay Drive San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 434-3100 Western Digital 8105 Irvine Center Drive Irvine, CA 92718 (714) 932-5000 (800) 847-6181 (714) 863-1656 Fax PC WindSoft, Inc. 66 Ford Road Denville, NJ 07834 (201) 586-4400 (201) 586-9045 Fax Xircom 26025 Mureau Road Calabasas, CA 91302 (818) 878-7600 (818) 878-7630 Fax XXCAL, Inc. 11500 W Olympic Blvd #325 Los Angeles, CA 90064 (310) 477-2902 (310) 477-7127 Fax Xyxis Corporation 1821 W. 4000 South Roy, UT 84067 (800) 234-0408 (801) 778-3398 Zenith Data Systems 2150 E Lake Cook Road Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 (708) 808-5000 (800) 553-0331 (708) 808-4434 Fax ZIA 2830 N First Street San Jose, CA 95134 (800) 722- CHIP Zeos International 1301 Industrial Blvd. Minneapolis, MN 55413 (800) 554-7172 Zilog 210 E Hacienda Avenue Campbell, CA 95008-6600 (408) 370-8000 (408) 370-8056 Fax Hard Drive Bible 289 Corporate'Systems Center (408) 734-3475 290 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1\994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Software The software included with the Hard Drive Bible is a collection of utilities that we have found useful. This software is copyrighted by the various authors of the programs and provided through the courtesy of the authors. Some ofthese programs are referred to as Shareware, which is a means of distributing programs for evaluation before paying for them. All of the programs have their own documentation and indicate whether a fee is required after an evaluation period. These programs are installed on the diskettes in "Zipped" format. This is a process which compresses the data so that more files can be placed on the diskette. Before using the files they must be Unzipped or decompressed. To unzip the files, use the PKUNZIPprogram provided on the disk. PKUNZIP.EXE is provided by PKWare, Inc. and is used by typing the following: PKUNZIP Note: The zipped files are compressed as much as 75%. There must be enough room on the diskette or hard drive directory to accommodate the unzipped files. The best way to accomplish this is to copy the zipped file and PKUNZIP.EXE to a directory or a blank diskette before unzipping it. DISCLAIMER CSC, DTC, Maxtor Corporation and Seagate Technology expressly disclaim any liability which may arise from the use ofthe software included with the Hard Drive Bible. To the best of our knowledge, this software is workable and free of major bugs, but no guarantee of performance or fitness for any particular application is made. This software is provided free of charge, but may not be duplicated without consent as listed below. COPYRIGHT NOTICE These programs are copyrighted by their respective authors and may not be reproduced in any form without prior written consent. The software enclosed is protected by US copyright law. Additional copyright and disclaimer notices may be contained on the diskettes. © CSC 1994 Hard Drive Bible 291 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 292 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 System Notes Use the following pages to enter data pertaining to your system This information may be required if you need to call a dealer for technical assistance or you have a system failure. Computer Make: Model: Serial No.: Extended Floppy #1 Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Monitor Extended Floppy #2 Make: Model: Serial No.: System BIOS Make: Version: Motherboard Make: Model: Serial No.: Bus Speed: Wait States: Memory Installed: Floppy Drive A Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Hard Drive #1 Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Heads: Cylinders: Sectors per Track: Hard Drive #2 Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Heads: Cylinders: Sectors per Track: Floppy Drive B Tape Backup Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: © csc 1994 Make: Model: Capacity: Serial No.: Hard Drive Bible 293 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 You may use the spaces below to paste a printout of your AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files. AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYS Software Program: _ Version: _ Serial No.: _ Program: Version: Serial No.: _ _ _ _ Program: _ Version: Serial No.: _ _ Program: _ Version: Serial No.: _ _ Version: Serial No.: _ Program: Version: Serial No.: _ _ _ Program: _ Version: Serial No.: _ Program: 294 _ _ Program: Version: Serial No.: Hard Drive Bible _ _ _ © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Glossary ACCESS The process of obtaining data from, or transferring data to a storage device, register, or RAM. (Le. accessing a memory location). module, Le., if one memory module contains odd-numbered address and another even-numbered address, they can both be accessed simultaneously for storage. If the interleave is adjustable, the user may select which ranges or areas are to be accessed each time. ACCESS TIME Time required to perform an ACCESS. Usages, Le.: 1) seek to location on a disk, 2) amount of time to read or write to a memory location, 3) the time to position to the correct location in a disk drive. Access time is often defined as the time from the leading edge of the first step pulse received to SEEK COMPLETE (including settling). The additional time required before a read or write is referred to as "latency". A more realistic definition of total access time is the sum of SEEK, LATENCY, and SETTLING times. ANSI ACTUATOR AREAL DENSITY See also HEAD POSITIONER The two basic types of actuators are steppers and voice coils. Open-loop steppers are obsolete, except in floppy disks because they cannot achieve positioning accuracy and speed as high as closed-loop voice coil systems. For more information on actuators, see the Basic Drive Operation section. Bit density (bits per inch, or BPI) multiplied by track density (tracks per inch, or TPI), or bits per square inch of the disk surface. Bit density is measured around a track (circumference around on the disk), and track density is radially measured. American National Standards Institute APPLICATION PROGRAM A sequence of programmed instructions that tell the computer how to perform an end use task (Le. accounting, word processing or other work for the computer system user). Touseaprogram,itmustfirstbeloadedintoMAINMEMORY from a floppy diskette or hard disk. ASCII ADDRESS (physical) A specific location in memory where a byte, or other unit of data like a disk sector is stored. Each area on a disk is given a unique address consisting of three components: cylinder number, sector number, and head number. CYLINDER ADDRESSING is accomplished by assigning numbers to the disk's surface concentric circles (cylinders). The cylinder number specifies the radial address component ofthe data area. SECTOR ADDRESSING is accomplished by numbering the data records (sectors) from an index that defines the reference angular position of the disks. Index records are then counted by reading their ADDRESS MARKS. HEAD ADDRESSING is accomplished by vertically numbering the disk surfaces, usually starting with the bottom-most disk data surface. For example, the controller might send the binary equivalent of the decimal number 610150 to instruct the drive to access data at cylinder 610, sector 15, and head O. ADDRESS MARK Two byte address at the beginning of both the ID field and the data field of the track format. The first byte is the "A 1" data pattern, the second byte is used to specify either an ID field or a data field. ADJUSTABLE INTERLEAVE Interleaving permits access to more than one memory © CSC 1994 American Standard for Coded Information Interchange. ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASYNCHRONOUS DATA Data sent usually in parallel mode without a clock pulse. Time intervals between transmitted bits may be of unequal lengths. AT INTERFACE Disk drive interface on the IBM PC-AT computer and compatibles, sometimes called the IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics interface. AUTOMATIC BACK UP OF FILES This gives a user the security to make changes to a file without worrying about accidentally destroying it; there is always another copy. One weakness of this method is that files take up twice the room on a disk. AUXILIARY MEMORY Memory other than main memory; generally a mass storage subsystem, it can include disk drives, backup tape drives, controllers and buffer memory. Typically, AUXILIARY MEMORY is non-volatile. Hard Drive Bible 295 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICE BIT Devices, generally magnetic tape and magnetic disk, on which data can be stored for use by computer programs. Also known as secondary storage. The smallest unit ofdata. Consists ofa single binary digit that can take the value of 0 or 1. BIT CELL LENGTH AVERAGE ACCESS TIME The average track access time, calculated from the end of the CONTROLLER commands to access a drive, to drive Seek complete time averaged over all possible track locations at the start of ACCESS, and over all possible data track ADDRESSES. Typically, the minimum average access time including carriage settling for open loop actuators is less than 85 ms and for voice coil disk drives is less than 40 ms. As technology improves these times will continue to decrease. AZIMUTH The angular distance in the horizontal plane, usually measured as an angle from true track location. Physical dimension of the bit cell in direction of recording along the disk circumference of a track. BIT CELL TIME The time required to pass one bit ofinformation between the controller and the drive. Cell time is the inverse of the drive's data rate; nominally 200 nsec for 5 Mhz drives. BIT DENSITY Expressed as "BPI" (for bits per inch), bit density defines how many bits can be written onto one inch of a track on a disk surface. It is usually specified for "worst case", which is the inner track. Data is the densest in the inner tracks where track circumferences are the smallest. BACKUP DEVICE Disc or tape drive used with a fixed Winchester disk drive to make copies of files or other data for off line storage, distribution or protection against accidental data deletion from the Winchester drive, or against drive failure. BIT JITTER The time difference between the leading edge ofread and the center of the data window. A source of errors in hard disks. Bit Jitter is caused by spindle speed variations, electrical noise, and mechanical vibrations. BACKUP FILE File copies made on another removable media device (disk, tape or sometimes a remote hard disk system) and kept to ensure recovery of data lost due to equipment failure, human errors, updates, disasters and the like. BIT SHIFT A data recording effect, which results when adjacent 1's written on magnetic disks repel each other. The "worst case" is at the inner cylinder where bits are closest together. BIT SHIFT is also called pulse crowding. BAUD RATE A variable unit of data transmission speed equal to one bit per second. BCAI Byte Count After Index. Used in defect mapping to indicate the position of defects with relation to index. BLOCK A group of BYTES handled, stored and accessed as a logical data unit, such as an individual file record. Typically, one block of data is stored as one physical sector of data on a disk drive. Normally a 512 byte sector in most SCSI devices. BOOT BOOS The Basic Disk Operating System (BDOS) controls the organization of data on a disk. BDOS is usually pronounced "B-DOS". BI-DIRECTIONAL BUS A bus that may carry information in either direction but not in both simultaneously Le. the SCSI data bus. (Short for bootstrap). Transfer of a disk operating system program from storage on diskette or hard disk drive to computer's working memory. BUFFER A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and/or data processing rates between sender and receiver. BINARY A number system like the decimal numbers, but using 2 as its base and having only the two digits 0 (zero) and 1 (one). It is used in computers because digital logic can only determine one of two states - "OFF" and "ON." Digital data is equivalent to a binary number. BIOS (Basic Input Output System) A collection of information (firmware) that controls communication between the Central Processor and its peripherals. 296 Hard Drive Bible BUFFERED SEEK A feature of the ST412 INTERFACE. In buffered mode head motion is postponed until a string of step pulses can be sent to the drive. These pulses represent the number of tracks that the head is to be stepped over and are sent much faster than the heads can move. The pulses are saved or buffered then the optimum head movement to the correct track is performed. © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 BUS CLOSED LOOP A length of parallel conductors that forms a major interconnection route between the computer system CPU and its peripheral subsystems. Depending on its design, a bus may carry data to and from peripheral's addresses, power, and other related signals. A control system consisting of one or more feedback control loops in which functions of the controlled signals are combined with functions of the command to maintain prescribed relationships between the commands and the controlled signals. This control technique allows the head actuator system to detect and correct off-track errors. The actual head position is monitored and compared to the ideal track position, by reference information either recorded on a dedicated servo surface, or embedded in the inter-sector gaps. A position error is used to produce a correction signal (FEEDBACK) to the actuator to correct the error. See TRACK FOLLOWING SERVO. BYTE A sequence of adjacent BINARY digits or BITS considered as a unit, 8 bits in length. One byte is sufficient to define all the alphanumeric characters. There are 8 BITS in 1 BYTE. The storage capacity of a disk drive is commonly measured in MEGABYTES, which is the total number of bits storable, divided by eight million. CLUSTER SIZE CACHE MEMORY Cache Memory allows the system to load bytes of frequently used data from the hard disk to memory. The system may then refer to memory for information instead of going back to the hard disk, thereby increasing the processing speed. An operating system term describing the number of sectors that the operating system allocates each time disk space is needed. A cluster is the standard group of data which is accessed by the operating system. DOS cluster sizes increase with drive capacity. CAPACITY CODE Amount of memory (measured in megabytes) which can be stored in a disk drive. Usually given as formatted (see FORMAT OPERATION). A set of rules specifying the way which digital data is represented as magnetized bits, on a disk drive. The main objectives of coding are to pack the maximum number of binary bits in the smallest space on the disk. MFM and RLL are coding techniques. CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY Assembly which holds read/write heads and roller bearings. It is used to position the heads radially by the actuator, in order to access a track of data. CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU) The heart of the computer system that executes programmed instructions. It includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for performing all math and logic operations, a control section for interpreting and executing instructions, fast main memory for temporary (VOLATILE) storage ofan application program and its data. CHARACTER An information symbol used to denote a number, letter, symbol or punctuation mark stored by a computer. In a computer a character can be represented in one (1) byte or eight (8) bits of data. There are 256 different one-byte binary numbers, sufficient for 26 lower case alphas, 26 upper case alphas, 10 decimal digits, control codes and error checks. CHIP An integrated circuit fabricated on a chip of silicon or other semiconductor material, typically an integrated circuit, a microprocessor, memory device, or a digital logic device. COERCIVITY A measurement in units of orsteads of the minimum amount of magnetic energy required to cause a reversal in the magnetic dipole moments of a recording media. COMMAND 1) An instruction sent by the central processor unit (CPU) to a controller for execution. 2) English-like commands entered by users to select computer programs or functions. 3) A CPU command, which is a single instruction such as "add two binary numbers" or "output a byte to the display screen." CONSOLE (also called CRT or Terminal) A device from which a computer can be operated; often includes a monitor and keyboard. CONTROLLER A controller is a printed circuit board required to interpret data access commands from host computer (via a BUS), and send track seeking, read/write, and other control signals to a disk drive. The computer is free to perform other tasks until the controller signals DATA READY for transfer via the CPU BUS. CLOCK RATE The rate at which bits or words are transferred between internal elements of a computer or to another computer. © CSC 1994 CORE Originally a computer's main memory was made of ferrite rings (CORES) that could be magnetized to contain one or two bits ofdata each. CORE MEMORY is synonymous with Hard Drive Bible 297 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MAIN MEMORY. Main memory today is fabricated from CHIPS, usually DRAM. CRASH A malfunction in the computer hardware or software, usually causing loss of data. track. Remember that each track starts with an index pulse and each sector starts with an address mark. VERTICAL: assume a disk pack with six surfaces, each with its own read/write head, vertical addressing is accomplished by assigning the numbers 00 through XX to the heads, in consecutive order. By specifying the head number, the controller specifies the vertical address component of the data area. CYCLIC-REDUNDANCY-CHECK (CRC) Used to verify data block integrity. In a typical scheme, Two CRC bytes are added to each user data block. The two bytes are computed from the user data, by digital logical chips. The mathematical model is polynomials with binary coefficients. When reading back data, the CRC bytes are read and compared to new CRC bytes computed from the read back block to detect a read error. The read back error check process is mathematically equivalent to dividing the read block, including its CRC, by a binomial polynomial. If the division remainder is zero, the data is error free. DATA BASE An organized collection of data stored in DISK FILES, often shared by multiple users., Le., the Official Airline Guide, which contains up-to-date schedules for all airlines. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) Application program used to manage, access and update files in a data base. DATA ENCODING To use a code such as GCR, MFM, RLL, NZR, etc. to represent characters for memory storage. CYLINDER The cylindrical surface formed by identical track numbers on vertically stacked disks. In a drive with dedicated servo, at any location of the head positioning arm, all tracks under all heads are the cylinder. Cylinder number is one of the three address components required to find a specific ADDRESS, the other two being head number and sector number. DATA FIELD The portion of a sector used to store the user' s DIGITAL data. Other fields in each sector include ID, SYNC and CRC which are used to locate the correct data field. DATA SEPARATOR DAISY CHAIN A way of connecting multiple drives to one controller. The controller drive select signal is routed serially through the drives, and is intercepted by the drive whose number matches. The disk drives have switches orjumpers on them which allow the user to select the drive number desired. Controller circuitry takes the CODED playback pulses and uses the timing information added by the CODE during the write process to reconstruct the original user data record. See NRZ, MFM, and RLL. DATA TRACK DATA Any of the circular tracks magnetized by the recording head during data storage. Information processed by a computer, stored in memory, or fed into a computer. DATA TRANSFER RATE (DTR) DATA ACCESS When the controller has specified all three components of the sector address to the drive, the ID field of the sector brought under the head by the drive is read and compared with the address of the target sector. A match enables access to the data field of the sector. Speed at which bits are sent: In a disk storage system, the communication is between CPU and controller, plus controller and the disk drive. Typical units are bits per second (BPS), or bytes per second, Le., ST506/412 INTERFACE allows 5 Mbits/sec. transfer rate, and WIDE SCSI supports a 20MBytei sec (160Mbitlsec) transfer rate. DECREASE THE FLYING HEIGHT DATA ADDRESS To return to the same area on the disk, each area is given a unique address consisting of the three components: cylinder, head and sector numbers. HORIZONTAL: accomplished by assigning numbers to the concentric circles (cyHnders) mapped out by the heads as the positioning arm is stepped radially across the surface, starting with 0 for the outermost circle. By specifying the cylinder number the controller specifies a horizontal or radial address component of the data area. ROTATIONAL: once a head and cylinder have been addressed, the desired sector around the selected track of the selected surface is found by counting address marks from the index pulse of the 298 Hard Drive Bible Since the head core is closer to the media surface, the lines of flux magnetize a smaller area. Thus, more bits can be recorded in a given distance, and higher BPI (bits per inch) is achievable. DEDICATED SERVO SYSTEM A complete disk surface is dedicated for servo data. This technique offers quicker access times, but less accuracy as it does not provide a method to compensate for thermal warpage of the head stack assembly. © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 DEFAULT DOS (Disc Operating System) A particular value of a variable which is used by a computer unless specifically changed, usually via an entry made through a software program. A computer program which runs continuously and mediates between the computer user and the application program and allows access to the disk data by disk file names. DENSITY DRIVE Generally, bit recording density. SEE AREAL, BIT and STORAGE DENSITY. A computer memory device with moving storage MEDIA (disk or tape). DIGITAL DRIVE SELECT Any system that processes digital binary signals having only the values of a 1 or O. An example of a non-digital signal is an analog signal which continuously varies, i.e., TV or audio. An ADDRESS component that selects among a string of drives attached to a disk controller. In the ST 506/412 interface standard, a drive's select code is physically set in the drive to a value between 0 and 3. When the controller activates one of the four drive select code lines in the J 1cable, the selected drive is enabled to respond to access commands from the controller. DIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDING See MAGNETIC RECORDING DIRECT ACCESS DRIVE TYPE Generally refers to an AUXILIARY MEMORY device, having all data on-line. I.E., a tape drive without a tape mounted is not direct access, but a WINCHESTER DRIVE is direct access. A number representing a standard configuration ofphysical parameters (cylinders, heads, and sectors) of a particular type ofdisk drive. Each AT system BIOS contains a list ofdrive types that the system considers "Standard Types". These types are not necessarily the same from one BIOS to the next. That is, drive type 25 on one BIOS may represent a drive that has 615 cylinders, 4 data heads, and 17 sectors per track, while type 25 on another BIOS could be totally different. DIRECTORY A special disk storage area (usually cylinder zero) that is read by a computer operating system to determine the ADDRESSES of the data records that form a DISK FILE. DROP-IN/DROP-OUT DISK FILE A file of user data, i.e. the company employee list, with all names and information. The data in the file is stored in a set of disk SECTORS (records). DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS) A computer program which continuously runs and mediates between the computer user and the APPLICATION PROGRAM, and allows access to disk data by DISK FILE names. DISK PACK A number of metal disks packaged in a canister for removal from the disk drive. WINCHESTER DRIVES do not have disk packs. DISK PLATTER For rigid disks, a flat, circular aluminum disk substrate, coated on both sides with a magnetic substance (iron oxide or thin film metal media) for oon-VOLATILE data storage. The substrate may consist of metal, plastic, or even glass. Surfaces of disks are usually lubricated to minimize wear during drive start-up or power down. DISK STORAGE Auxiliary memory system containing disk drives. DISKETTE A floppy disk. A plastic (mylar) substrate, coated with magnetic iron oxide, enclosed in a protective jacket. © CSC 1994 Types of disk media defects usually caused by a pin-hole in the disk coating. If the coating is interrupted, the magnetic flux between medium and head is zero. A large interruption will induce two extraneous pulses, one at the beginning and one at the end of the pin-hole (2 DROP-INs). A small coating interruption will result in no playback from a recorded bit (a DROP-OUT). DRUM An early form of rotating magnetic storage, utilizing a rotating cylindrical drum and a multiplicity of heads (one per track). Discs stack more compactly than drums. ECC (Error Correction Code) The ECC hardware in the controller used to interface the drive to the system can typically correct a single burst error of 11 bits or less. This maximum error burst correction length is function of the controller. With some controllers the user is allowed to the select this length. The most common selection is 11. ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE (ESO) An integrated circuit (CHIP) failure mechanism. Since the circuitry of CHIPs are microscopic in size, they can be damaged or destroyed by small static discharges. People handling electronic equipment should always ground themselves before touching the equipment. Electronic equipment should always be handled by the chassis or frame. Components, printed circuit board edge connectors should never be touched. Hard Drive Bible 299 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 EMBEDDED SERVO SYSTEM FIXED DISK Servo data is embedded or superimposed along with data on every cylinder. A disk drive with disks that cannot be removed from the drive by the user, Le., WINCHESTER DISK DRIVE. ERASE FLOPPY DISK To remove previously recorded data from magnetic storage media. A flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic media and packaged in a stiff envelope. Comes in 8-inch, 5-1/4-inch, and various sub-4 inch sizes. FLOPPY DISKS generally exhibit slow ACCESS TIME and smaller CAPACITY compared to WINCHESTER DRIVES, but feature removable diskettes. ERROR See HARD ERROR and SOFf ERROR. ESDI (Enhanced Small Device Interface) A set of specifications for the drives. See also SCSI. FLUX CHANGE Location on the data track, where the direction of magnetization reverses in order to define a 1 or 0 bit. EXECUTE To perform a data processing operation described by an instruction or a program in a computer. FLUX CHANGES PER INCH (FCI) Linear recording density defined as the number of flux changes per inch of data track. FCI (Flux Changes per Inch) FM Synonymous with FRPI (flux reversals per inch). In MFM recording 1 FCI equals 1 BPI (bit per inch). In 'RLL encoding schemes, 1 FCI generally equals 1.5 BPI. Frequency modulation CODE scheme, superseded by MFM, which is being superseded by RLL. FEEDBACK FORMAT A closed-loop control system, using the head-to-track positioning signal (from the servo head) to modify the HEAD POSITIONER signal (to correctly position the head on the track). FETCH The purpose of a format is to record "header" data that organize the tracks into sequential sectors on the disk surfaces. This information is never altered during normal read/write operations. Header information identifies the sector number and also contains the head and cylinder ADDRESS in order to detect an ADDRESS ACCESS error. A CPU read operation from MAIN MEMORY and its related data transfer operations. FORMATTED CAPACITY Storage units grouped together to make a record are considered to be a field; i.e., a record might be a company's address; a field in the record might be the company's ZIP code. Actual capacity available to store user data. The formatted capacity is the gross capacity, less the capacity taken up by the overhead data used in formatting the disks. While the unformatted size may be 24 M bytes, only 20 M bytes of storage may actually be available to the user after formatting. FILE (See DISK FILE) FPI (flux changes per inch), also FRPI FIELDS The number of Flux Reversals per inch. A file consists ofa group oflogically related records that, in tum, are made up of groups of logically related fields. FRICTION FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT) What the operating systems uses to keep track of which clusters are allocated to which files and which are available for use. FAT is usually stored on Track-O. Resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact; i.e., there is sliding friction between head and disk during drive power up/down. FULL HEIGHT DRIVE FILE NAME Each file has a name,just like the name on the tab of a file folder. When you want DOS to find a file, you give DOS the file name. Winchester 5-1/4" drive which fits in the same space as full height mini-floppy drive (called the full-height fonn factor). G FIRMWARE A computer program written into a storage medium which cannot be accidentally erased, Le., ROM. It can also refer to devices containing such programs. 300 Hard Drive Bible A G is a unit of force applied to a body at rest equal to the force exerted on it by gravity. Hard disk drive shock specifications are usually called out in Gs. A shock specification of 40 Gs non-operating means that a drive will not suffer any permanent damage if subjected to a 40 G shock. This is roughly © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 equivalent to a drop of the drive to a hard surface from a distance of 1 inch. during format operation). The defects are found during formatting, and their locations are stored on a special DOS file on the disk, usually on cylinder O. GAP 1. FORMAT: Part of the disk format. Allows mechanical compensations (i.e. spindle motor rotational speed variations) without the last sector on a track overwriting the first sector. 2. HEAD: An interruption in the permeable head material, usually a glass bonding material with high permeability, allowing the flux fields to exit the head structure to write I read data bits in the form of flux changes on the recording media. HARD SECTOR MODE A hardware controlled convention defining a fixed number of sectors per track in any specified zone. HARDWARE Computer equipment (as opposed to the computer programs and software). HDA (Head/Disk Assembly) GAP LENGTH Narrowing the head gap length achieves higher bit density because the lines of force magnetize a smaller area where writing data in the form of flux changes on the recording media. GAP WIDTH The narrower the gap width, the closer the tracks can be placed. Closer track placement results in higher TPI. GCR (Group Code Encoding) Data encoding method. "DIsk Drive Operation" A sealed Winchester assembly including disks, heads, filter and actuator assembly. HEAD An electromagnetic device that can write (record), read (playback), or erase data on magnetic media. There are three types: Head Type BPI TPI Areal density Monolithic 8000 10 to 6th 900 Composite 12000 2000 10 to 8th Thin-film 25000 3000 10 to 9th See the encoding section in GUARD BAND 1. Non-recorded band between adjacent data tracks, 2. For closed loop servo drives, extra servo tracks outside the data band preventing the Carriage Assembly from running into the crash stop. HEAD CRASH A head landing occurs when the disk drive is turned on or off. This function normally does not damage the disk as the disk has a very thin lubricant on it. A head crash occurs when the head and disk damage each other during landing, handling or because a contaminant particle gets between them. Head crash is a catastrophic failure condition and causes permanent damage and loss of data. HALF HEIGHT DRIVE A Winchester drive which fits in one half of the space of a full height mini-floppy drive HARD DISK DRIVE Commonly called rigid disk drives, or Winchester disk drives. An electromechanical device that can read rigid disks. Though similar to floppy disk drives, the hard disks have higher bit density and multiple read/write surfaces. HEAD LANDING AND TAKEOFF In Winchester drives, the head is in contact with the platter when the drive is not powered. During the power up cycle, the disk begins rotation and an "air bearing" is established as the disk spins up to full RPM (rotations per minute). This air bearing prevents any mechanical contact between head and disk. HEAD LANDING ZONE HARD ERROR An error that occurs repeatedly at the same location on a disk surface. Hard errors are caused by imperfections in the disk surface, called media defects. When formatting hard disk drives, hard error locations, if known, should be spared out so that data is not written to these locations. Most drives come with a hard error map listing the locations of any hard errors by head, cylinder and BFI (bytes from index - or how many bytes from the beginning of the cylinder). HARD ERROR MAP Also called defect map, bad spot map, media map. Media defects are avoided by deleting the defective sectors from system use, or assigning an alternative track (accomplished © CSC 1994 An area of the disk set aside for takeoff and landing of the Winchester heads when the drive is turned on and off. HEAD POSITIONER Also known as the ACTUATOR, a mechanism that moves the CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY to the cylinder being accessed. HEAD SLAP Similar to a head crash but occurs while the drive is turned off. It usually occurs during mishandling or shipping. Head slap can cause permanent damage to a hard disk drive. See HEAD CRASH. Hard Drive Bible 301 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 HEXADECIMAL (HEX) INTERFACE STANDARD A number system based on sixteen, using digits 0 through 9 and letters A through F to represent each digit of the number. (A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15). The interface specifications agreed to by various manufacturers to promote industry-wide interchange ability ofproducts such as disk drives and controllers. An interface standard generally reduces product costs, allows buyers to purchase from more than one source, and allows faster market acceptance of new products. (See ST-506/412, SCSI, ESDI) 10 FIELD The address portion 'of a sector. The ID field is written during the Format operation. It includes the cylinder, head, and sector number of the current sector. This address information is compared by the disk controller with the desired head, cylinder, and sector number before a read or write operation is allowed. INTERLEAVE FACTOR The ratio of physical disk sectors skipped for every sector actually written. INTERLEAVING IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) Used with streaming tape, image-backup mode records an exact copy of the disk, including unused sectors and bad tracks. The interleave value tells the controller where the next logical sector is located in relation to the current sector. For example, an interleave value of one (1) specifies that the next logical sector is physically the next sector on the track. Interleave of two (2) specifies every other physical sector, three (3) every third sector and so on. Interleaving is used to improve the system throughout based on overhead time of the host software, the disk drive and the controller; Le., if an APPLICATION PROGRAM is processing sequential logical records of a DISK FILE in a CPU time of more than one second but less than two, then an interleave factor of 3 will prevent wasting an entire disk revolution between ACCESSES. INDEX (PULSE) INTERRUPT The Index Pulse is the starting point for each disk track. The index pulse provides initial synchronization for sector addressing on each individual track. A signal, usually from a peripheral device to a CPU, to signify that a commanded operation has been completed or cannot be completed. INDEX TIME I/O PROCESSOR The time interval between similar edges of the index pulse, which measures the time for the disk to make one revolution. This information is used by a disk drive to verify correct rotational speed of the media. Intelligent processor or controller that handles the input! output operations of a computer. A popular electronic interface standard for hard drives used in IBM XT and AT compatible computers. IDE drives use an embedded microprocessor to control both the drive and bus control logic. Using one microprocessor for both functions saves costs and eliminates the need for an intelligent controller card. IMAGE-BACKUP MODE INPUT 1. Data entered into the computer to be processed. 2. User commands or queries. KILOBYTE (KBYTE) 1) 1024 bytes (two to the tenth power, this is the normal definition); 2) 1000 bytes; (this definition is used by disk drive companies to bolster the specified capacity of their drives. LAN INPUT/OUTPUT The process of entering data into or removing data from a computer system. INTELLIGENT PERIPHERAL A peripheral device that contains a processor or microprocessor to enable it to interpret and execute commands, thus relieving the computer for other tasks. INTERFACE The protocol data transmitters, data receivers, logic and wiring that link one piece of computer equipment to another, such as a disk drive to a controller or a controller to a system bus. Protocol means a set of rules for operating the physical interface, Le., don't read or write before SEEK COMPLETE is true. 302 Hard Drive Bible Local Area Network LANDING ZONE The landing zone is where the read/write head sits when it is not active. If the system features a dedicated landing zone, the head will rest on the same track each time. LATENCY (ROTATIONAL) The time for the disk to rotate the accessed sector under the head for read or write. Average latency is usually slightly more than the time for half of a disk revolution. LOGIC Electronic circuitry that switches on and off (" 1" and "0") to perform digital operations. © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 LOOKUP The action of obtaining and displaying data in a file. MEGABIT (Abbreviated Mb) One million bits. Not to be confused with megabyte (MB) see below. There are usually 8 bits in a byte. LOW LEVEL FORMAT The first step in preparing a drive to store information after physical installation is complete. The process sets up the "handshake" between the drive and the controller. In an XT system, the low level format is usually done using DOS's debug utility. In an AT system, AT advanced diagnostics is typically used. Other third-party software may also be used to do low level format on both XTs and ATs. MEGABYTE (Abbreviated MB) 1. 2 to the 20th power (1024K) This is the industry standard definition. 2. One million bytes (exactly 1,000,000 bytes). This definition is used by disk drive companies. MEMORY Any device or storage system capable of storing and retrieving information. See also STORAGE DEFINITIONS. LUN Logical Unit Number MAGNETIC MEDIA A disk or tape with a surface layer containing particles of metal, or metallic oxides that can be magnetized in different directions to represent bits of data, sounds or other information. MAGNETIC RECORDING The use of a head, recording head, recording media (tape or disk), and associated electronic circuitry for storing data or sound or video. MICROCOMPUTER A computer whose central processor unit (CPU) is manufactured as a chip or a small number of chips. Personal computers are examples of microcomputers. MICROINCH (uin) One-millionth of an inch. MICROSECOND (us) One-millionth of a second. MILLISECOND (Msec) One-thousandth of a second. MAINFRAME COMPUTER A large computer generally found in data processing centers. See MINICOMPUTER AND MICROCOMPUTER. MAIN MEMORY Random-access memory used by the CPU for storing program instructions and data currently being processed by those instructions. See RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY. MEAN TIME BEFORE FAILURE (MTBF) The average time before a failure will occur. This is not a warranty measurement. MTBF is a calculation taking into consideration the MTBF of each component in a system and is the statistical average operation time between the start of a unit's lifetime and its time ofa failure. After a product has been in the field for a few years, the MTBF can become a field proven statistic. MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR) The average time to repair a given unit. Limited to a qualified technician with proper equipment. MINICOMPUTER A computer midway in size and processing power between a MICROCOMPUTER and a MAINFRAME COMPUTER. MINI-SLIDER HEADS Manganese/Zinc Ferrite Winchester heads. Smaller, lighter heads with stiffer load arms than standard Winchester heads. They allow smaller flying heights, and therefore higher bit and track density, if they are made with smaller and narrower gaps. MINI WINCHESTER A Winchester disk drive with 5-1/4 or 3-1/2 inch diameter disks. MNEUMONIC A shortened abbreviation for a series of codes. MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM) MEDIA The magnetic layers of a disk or tape. See DISKJPLATTER. MEDIA DEFECT A media defect can cause a considerable reduction ofthe read signal (missing pulse or DROP-OUT), or create an extra pulse (DROP-IN). See HARD ERROR MAP. A method of recording digital data, using a particular CODE to get the flux reversal times from the data pattern. MFM recording is self-clocking because the CODE guarantees timing information for the playback process. The controller is thus able to synchronize directly from the data. This method has a maximum of one bit of data with each flux reversal. (See NRZ, RLL). MULTIPROCESSOR A computer containing two or more processors. © esc 1994 Hard Drive Bible 303 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 MULTITASKING PARKING The ability of a computer system to execute more than one program or program task at a time. The ability ofa computer system to execute programs for more than one user at a time. Parking the disk drive heads means the recording heads are moved so that they are not over the platter's data area. Many drives have an auto-park feature where the heads are automatically parked when power to the drive is shut off. Other drives require the user to run some kind of parking software to park the heads. NOISE PARTITIONING Extraneous electronic signals that interfere with information signals (similar to radio static or TV interference). Sources of noise in computers can be power supplies, ground loops, radio interference, cable routing, etc. Method for dividing an area on disk drive for use by more than one disk operating system or for dividing large disk drives into areas which the File Allocation Table (FAT) can deal with when in use. The current IBM DOS maximum partition size is 2000MB. MULTIUSER NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) PATH 1) User digital data bits; 2) A method of magnetic recording of digital data in which a flux reversal denotes a one bit, and no flux reversal a zero bit, NRZ recording requires an accompanying synchronization clock to define each cell time unlike MFM or RLL recording). The DOS term "path" has three definitions and each definition involves directories. A PATH may be defined as: 1) the names of the chain of directories leading to a file; 2) the complete file or directory name; 3) a DOS command. OFF LINE PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT Processing or peripheral operations performed while not connected to the system CPU via the system BUS. Auxiliary memory, displays, printers, disk drives, and other equipment usually attached to computer systems' CPU by controllers and cables (they are often packaged together in a desktop computer). OPEN COLLECTOR A type of output structure found in certain bipolar logic families. The device has an NPN transistor with grounded emitter that enables it to output to a low voltage level only. When the device is inactive, an external resistor holds the device output at a high voltage level. Magnetic disk memory media having its surface plated with a thin coating of a metallic alloy instead of being coated with oxide. OPERATING SYSTEM PLATTER An operating system is a program which acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose ofthe operating system is to provide an environment in which a user may run programs. The goal ofthe operating system is to enable the user to conveniently use the computer's resources such as the CPU, memory, storage devices and printers. The round magnetic disk surfaces used for read/write operations in a hard disk system. PLATED THIN FILM DISKS POLLING A technique that discerns which of several devices on a connection is trying to get the processor's attention. PRECOMPENSATION OUTPUT Processing data being transferred out of the computer system to peripherals (i.e. disk, printer, etc.). This includes responses to user commands or queries. PARITY A computer data checking method using an extra bit in which the total number of binary l' s (or 0' s) in a byte is always odd or always even; thus, in an odd parity scheme, every byte has eight bits of data and one parity bit. If using odd parity and the number of 1 bits comprising the byte of data is not odd, the 9th or parity bit is set to 1 to create the odd parity. In this way, a byte of data can be checked for accurate transmission by simply counting the bits for an odd parity indication. If the count is ever even, an error is indicated. 304 Hard Drive Bible Applied to write data by the controller in order to partially alleviate bit shift which causes adjacent 1's written on magnetic media physically to move apart. When adjacent 1's are sensed by the controller, precompensation is used to write them closer together on the disk, thus fighting the repelling effect caused by the recording. Precompensation is only required on some oxide media drives. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE A method of doing a scheduled routine observation or exchanging a part, prior to a breakdown of a piece of equipment. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) A circuit board IC and other components, like the one attached to a drive. © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 PROCESSING (DATA PROCESSING) The process of computer handling, manipulating, and modifying data such as arithmetic calculation, file lookup and updating, or word processing. number requested is the first track number to begin the area of reduced write current, that track and all subsequent tracks will be written with reduced write current. RESOLUTION PROGRAM A sequence of instructions stored in memory and executed by a processor or microprocessor. See also APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS. PROTOCOL A set of conventions governing the format of messages to be exchanged within a communications system. RADIAL A way ofconnecting multiple drives to one controller. In radial operation, all output signals are active even if the drive is not selected. Also see DAISY CHAIN. With regards to magnetic recording, the band width (or frequency response) of the recording heads. RLL (RUN LENGTH LIMITED CODE) 1) A method of recording digital data, whereby the combinations of flux reversals are coded/decoded to allow greater than one (1) bit of information per flux reversal. This compression of information increases data capacity by approximately 50 percent; 2) a scheme of encoding designed to operate with the ST412 interface at a dial transfer rate of 7.5 megabit/sec. The technical name of this specific RLL CODE used is "two, seven". ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY) RAM DISK A system where part of the computer's random access memory is used to simulate a disk drive. The RAM disk and its contents will disappear if power is lost or the system is restarted. RAM is far faster (microseconds ACCESS TIME) than disks (milliseconds), so APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS which access the disk run faster. A chip that can be programmed once with bits of information. This chip retains this information even if the power is turned off. When this information is programmed into the ROM, it is called burning the ROM. ROTATIONAL SPEED The speed at which the media spins. On 5-1/4 or 3-1/2" Winchester drives it is usually 3600 rpm. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) Memory where any location can be read from or written to in a random order. Random access memory usually refers to volatile memory where the contents are lost when power is removed. The user addressable memory of a computer is random access memory. SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface. The current "high end" CPU-to-drive interface. SCSI-II, SCSI-III READ Refer to recent attempts by ANSI to standardize SCSI software and hardware improvements. To access a storage location and obtain previously recorded data. SECTOR RECALIBRATE Return to Track Zero. A common disk drive function in which the heads are returned to track 0 (outermost track). RECORD A single unit made up of logically related fields. A sector is a section of a track whose size is determined by formatting. When used as an address component, sector and location refer to the sequence number of the sector around the track. Typically, one sector stores one user record of data. Drives typically are formatted from 17 to 26 sectors per track. Determining how many sectors per track to use depends on the system type, the controller capabilities and the drive encoding method and interface. REDUCED WRITE CURRENT A signal input (to some older drives) which decreases the amplitude of the write current at the actual drive head. Normally this signal is specified to be used during inner track write operations to lessen the effect ofadjacent bit "crowding." Most drives today provide this internally and do not require controller intervention. SECTOR-SLIP Sector-slip allows any sector with a defect to be mapped and bypassed. The next contiguous sector is given that sector address. SEEK REDUCED WRITE CURRENT The radial movement of the heads to a specified track address. To minimize the effects ofpeak shift, on some drives, the magnitude of the write current is reduced on some of the innermost tracks. When installing a drive in a system, the SEEK COMPLETE © CSC 1994 An ST506 interface signal from drive to controller which Hard Drive Bible 305 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 indicates that read/write heads have settled on the desired track and completed the seek. SEQUENTIAL ACCESS Writing or reading data in a sequential order, such as reading data blocks stored one after the other on magnetic tape (the opposite of random access). SERVO TRACK SOFTWARE APPLICATION PROGRAMS The Disc Operating System and other programs (as opposed to HARDWARE). The instructions or programs, usually stored on floppy or hard disks, which are used to direct the operations of a computer, or other hardware. SOFTWARE PATCH Software modification which allows or adds functions not otherwise available using the standard software program. A prerecorded reference track on the dedicated servo surface of a closed-loop disk drive. All data track positions are compared to their corresponding servo track to determine "offtrack/on-track" position. Information written on the servo surface that the electronics of the drive uses to position the heads over the correct data track. This information is written on the drive by the servo track writer. The spindle motor is the electro-mechanical part of the disk drive that rotates the platters. SETUP ST-5D6/ST-412 INTERFACE Program used by AT type computers to store configuration in CMOS. This program is sometimes found in the system BIOS and can be accessed from the keyboard. On other systems, the program is on a diskette. An early industry standard interfaces between a hard disk and hard disk controller. In the ST-506/ST-412 interface, the "intellegence" is on the controller rather than the drive. See INTERFACE STANDARD, ESDI and SCSI. SILICON STEP Semiconductor substrate material generally used to manufacture microprocessors and other integrated circuit chips. An increment or decrement of the head positioning arm to move the heads in or out, respectively, one track from their current position. In buffered mode (open loop drives), the head motion is postponed until the last of a string of step pulses has been received. SKEWING Some low-level formatting routines may ask for a Head and/or Cylinder Skew value. The value will represent the number of sectors being skewed to compensate for head switching time of the drive and/or track-to-track seek time allowing continuous read/write operation without losing disk revolutions. SPINDLE The rotating hub structure to which the disks are attached. SPINDLE MOTOR STEPPER MOTOR The stepper motor is the electro-mechanical part of the disk drive that positions the heads by step pulse on the tracks of the disk to read and write data. SMD (Storage Module Device) STEP PULSE An 8" mainframe and minicomputer disk drive interface standard. The trigger pulse sent from the controller to the stepper motor on the step interface signal line to initiate a step operation. SMD (Surface Mounted Device) A CHIP in a smaller integrated surface package, without connection leads. STEP TIME The time required by the drive to step the heads from the current cylinder position to a target cylinder. SOFT ERROR A bit error during playback which can be corrected by repeated attempts to read. SOFT SECTOR MODE A convention, defined by software, of setting a variable number of sectors per track in direct relationship to the drive's FCI rating in regards to the area of media that passes beneath the head. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that, in actual surface area, the outermost tracks are longer than the innermost. 306 Hard Drive Bible STleTION A slang term used in the drive industry to describe the condition when Winchester heads become "stuck" to a disk. This occurs when the disk lubricant hardens under the head. STORAGE CAPACITY Amount of data that can be stored in a memory, usually specified in kilobytes (KB) for main memory and floppy disk drives and megabytes (MB) for hard disk and tape drives. © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 STORAGE DENSITY TRACK ZERO Usually refers to recording density (BPI, TPI, or their product, AREAL DENSITY). Track zero is the outermost data track on a disk drive. In the ST 506 INTERFACE, the interface signal denotes that the heads are positioned at the outermost cylinder. STORAGE LOCATION A memory location, identified by an ADDRESS, where information is to be read or written. TRACK ZERO DETECTOR Storage module drive interface. An interface, used in larger disk drives, Le. 8" & 14" drives. An obsolete technology that RECALIBRATES by sensing when infrared beams between a LED and infrared sensitive photo-transistor are blocked by the track zero interrupter (TZI). In newer drives, the track position is encoded in the servo signals. SYNCHRONOUS DATA TUNNEL ERASE STORAGE MODULE DRIVE (SMD) TAPE DRIVE An erase scheme where both sides of the recorded data are erased when writing data to eliminate track to track interference. This is primarily used on floppy disk drives. A sequential access memory device whose magnetic media is tape in a cassette, reel or continuous loop. UNFORMATTED (Capacity) Data sent, usually in serial mode, with a clock pulse. THIN FILM HEADS A read/write head whose read/write element is deposited using integrated circuit techniques rather than being manually fabricated by grinding ferrite and hand winding coils. TPI Tracks per inch. Drive byte capacity before formatting. Maximum capacity of a disk drive before formatting = (bits per track) x number of heads x # of cylinders. See MEGABYTE. UPGRADE PATH Generally, with disk products, a family having multiple products with varying capacities such that the system storage capacity can increase with changing application requirements simply using a different disk drive within the product family. TRACK VERIFICATION The radial position of the heads over the disk surface. A track is the circular ring traced over the disk surface by a head as the disk rotates under the heads. This feature lets the computer go back and read what it just wrote to disk to ensure the data was written correctly. TRACK ACCESS TIME VOICE COIL MOTOR See AVERAGE ACCESS TIME. TRACK DENSITY See TPI. TRACK FOLLOWING SERVO A closed-loop positioner control system that continuously corrects the position of the disk drive's heads by utilizing a reference track and a feedback loop in the head positioning system. See also CLOSED LOOP. TRACK PITCH Distance from centerline to centerline of adjacent tracks (TPI divided into 1.0). New drives have track pitches approaching 3000 TPI. An electro-magnetic positioning motor in the rigid disk drive similar to that used in audio speakers. A wire coil is placed in a stationary magnetic field. When current is passed through the coil, the resultant flux causes the coil to move. In a disk drive, the CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY is attached to the voice coil motor. Either a straight line (linear) or circular (rotary) design may be employed to position the heads on the disk's surface. VOLATILE MEMORY Memory that will be erased if power is lost. Typically, MAIN MEMORY is volatile, and AUXILIARY MEMORY is non-volatile and can be used for permanent (but changeable at will) storage of programs and data. WAN TRACKS PER INCH Acronym for Wide Area Network Track density, number of tracks per inch. WEDGE SERVO SYSTEM TRACK WIDTH Width of data track. Also called core width of Read/ Write Head. © CSC 1994 A certain part of each TRACK contains servo positioning data. Gaps between each sector contain servo data to maintain head stack position on that cylinder. Identical to "EMBEDDED SERVO" Hard Drive Bible 307 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 WINCHESTER DRIVE A disk drive with a Winchester style (floats on air) heads and non-removable (fixed) disks sealed in a contaminant-free housing. WORD Number of bits processed in parallel (in a single operation) by a CPU. Standard word lengths are 8, 16,32, and 64 (1, 2, 4 or 8 bytes). WORM Acronym for Write Once, Read Many. A non-erasable optical disk drive that operates by melting (ablating) a thin layer of media. WRITE To access a storage location and store data on the magnetic surface. WRITE CURRENT The amount ofelectrical current used to drive a magnetic recording head. The amount of write current necessary to saturate the magnetic media in different cell location will vary. WRITE FAULT Disc drive interface signal to the controller used to inhibit further writing when a condition exists in the drive which, if not detected, would cause improper writing on the disk. A "Write Fault Error" may occur if an operating system detects this bit is set or is unable to verify data written to disk. XSMD Extended storage module drive interface. A popular electrical interface for 8" drives used in minicomputer and mainframe applications. ZSR (Zone Sit Recording) or ZONED RECORDING A media optimization technique where the number of sectors per track is dependent upon the cylinder circumference. I.E. tracks on the outside cylinders have more sectors per track than the inside cylinders. ZBR is a Trademark of Seagate Technology. Zoned Recording is used to maximize the capacity of all modem hard disk drives. 308 Hard Drive Bible © CSC 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Index Symbols 1024 Cylinder Barrier 16-Bit Bus Wait States 16-Bit Memory Transfers 1790/1791 Errors 2000MB Partition Limit. 30-30 32MB Barrier 32MB Storage Limitation 3600RPM 50-Pin Amphenol 528MB Size Limitation 47, 62 59 57 65 47 4 47 47 11 32 7,51 A Access Access Time ACT Jumper ActivePartition Actuator Adaptec Controllers Address (physical) Address Mark Adjustable Interleave Advanced 286 AEG Allen Shugart American National Standards Institute AMIBIOS Ampex Corporation Ampex Model 200 ANSI Apple Hard Drive Tool Kit. Apple HFS Apple HFS (Hierarchal File System) Application Program AreaIDensity ARRL ASCII ASIC Control Chip ASME ASPI4DOS.SYS ASPIDISK Asynchronous Data AT 16-BitMFM Controllers AT Clock Stretch ATlnterface ATA ATAPI Atasi 3085 © CSC 1994 297 297 29 47 297 177, 178 297 297 297 49 1 4 7 36 l 1 7, 297 69 69 69 297 297 8 297 13 297 30 30 297 36 59 297 7 23 203 Atasi 3085 Jumper Locations Attempting To Recover Allocation Unit XXX Automatic Back Up Of Files Automatic Translation Auxiliary Memory Auxiliary Storage Device Average Access Time Azimuth 203 65 297 29 297 298 298 298 B Backup Device Backup File Basic Drive Operation BaudRate BCAI BDOS Bi-Directional Bus Binary BIOS (Basic Input Output System) BIOS Limitations Bit Bit Cell Length Bit Cell Time Bit Density BitJitter Bit Shift Block Boot Buffer Buffered Seek Building A Real Multimedia PC Bulletin Board Services Bus Bus Clock Speed Bus Loading Bus Mastering Compatibility Byte 298 298 11, 17 298 298 298 298 298 298 23 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 19 283 299 59 51 61 299 C C/O C: Drive Failure or Drive C: Error Cache Memory CaliperCP-150B Capacity Carriage Assembly CCAT Controllers CD Handling Hazards CDMedia CD-ROM Standards , 29 65 299 276 299 299 178 20 17 17 Hard Drive Bible 309 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 CD-I CD-R CD-RandCD-WO CD-RDisks CD-ROM CD-ROMDriveOperation CD-ROM Drives CD-ROMXA CDC, Imprimis or Seagate? CDC Wren III Series CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI) CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI) Jumper Locations CDC Wren V Series CDC Wren V Series Jumper Location Central Processor Unit (CPU) Character Charles Ginsburg Chip Chips & Technology 3 Chip LSI Chips Choosing A CD-ROM Drive Choosing a Drive Type Choosing a Tape Drive Clock Doubling ClockRate Clock Tripling Close the Servo Loop Closed Loop Cluster Size CMOSDriveType CMOS Setup CMOS Tables Code Coercivity Colorado Jumbo "250MB" Command CommonError Messages Compaq Computers Compaq DOS Compsurf CompsurfFailure Connector Pinouts Conner 2000 Series Conner 3000 Series/3044 Conner 30060 Conner 30064 Conner30104H Conner 30174E Conner 30200 Conner 30204 Conner30254 Conner3040 Conner31370 Conner3184 Conner 3200X Conner 3360/3540 Conner 344 Conner 5500 310 Hard Drive Bible 18 19 19 18 17 17 265 18 71 203 205 205 206 206 299 299 3 299 26 18 35 275 51 299 51 13 299 299 61 59 61 299 299 276 299 65 4 62 49 61 197 207 208 208 209 209 210 21 0 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 215 216 Conner CPF 1060 Conner IDE Card pIn 02090-002 Conner IDE Drive Jumpers Conner IDE Drives Conner Peripherals Conner Peripherals Controllers ConnerCF340A Conner CFA340A Console (also called CRT or Terminal) Control Panels Controller Controller Information Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers Copyright Notice Core Coretest Crash CSC AK-47 VESA SCSI-II. CSC BBS at (408) 541-8455 CSC Benchmark Tests CSC Caching ESDI Card CSC Controllers CSC FastCache 32 CSC FastCache 64 CSC IDE FastCache 64 CSCFMT CSCTEST Cyclic-Redundancy-Check (CRC) Cylinder 207 178 206 206 4 178 215 214 299 70 299 177 72 293 299 53 300 179 63 255 179 179, 180, 181 180 180 18 37 53 300 300 D Daisy Chain Data Data Access Data Address DataBase Data Base Management System (DBMS) Data Compression and Honest Capacity Data Encoding Data Encoding and Decoding DataField Data Separator Data Track Data Transfer Rate (DTR) dBase DEBUG.COM Decrease the Flying Height. Dedicated Servo System Dedicated Voice Coil Servo Default Defect Locking Density Desk Accessories Digital Digital Magnetic Recording Direct Access Directory 300 300 300 300 300 300 275 300 14 300 300 300 300 54 35 300 300 13 301 59 301 70 301 301 301 301 i •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475 Directory Disabled Drivers Disclaimer Disk File DiskManager Disk Operating System (DOS) Disk Pack Disk Platter Disk Storage Diskette DOS (Disc Operating System) DOS 2.0GB Limit DOS Buffers DOS Cluster Size DOSDRIVER.SYS DOS FDISK DOS Format DOS Partitioning Double Wide SCSI DREQ and DACK Drive Drive Cabling Drive Filter and Latch Components drive Geometry Drive Jumpers Drivee Select Drive Selects Drive Type Drive Type 0 Drive Won't Spin Drop-InlDrop-Out Drum DSO or DS 1 Confusion DSP DTC Controllers DTK Controllers (Data Enterprises) 283 70 293 301 47 301 301 301 301 301 301 62 54 62 25 35 48 62 9 25 301 31 14 36 203 301 62 301 36 62 301 301 30 29 181, 182, 183, 184 184 E ECC (Error Correction Code) ED Floppy Support EISA Cards Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Embedded Servo Embedded Servo System EMS Cards Encoding and Decoding Codes ENDEC Enhanced IDE Erasable Optical Drives Erase Error Error Reading Fixed Disk ESDI (Enhanced Small Device Interface) ESDI and SCSI Controller Drive Types ESDI Control Signals ESDI Data Signals ESDI DC Power © CSC 1994 301 62 51 301 14 302 27 15 15 23 265 302 302 65 302 61 197 198 198 ESDI Defect Tables ESDI Interface ESDI Pinouts ESDI Sector Sparing Everex Controllers Execute Extended Chipset Setup Extended Length Tapes Extensions EZ-SCSI Software 57 8 197, 198 62 184 302 26 276 70 256 F Factory MTBF Figures FAST SCSI FASTOPEN FASTOPEN C:I00,101X FCI (Flux Changes per Inch) FCSETUP Feedback Fetch Fields File (See Disk File) File Allocation Table (FAT) File Name Finder File Firmware Fixed Disk Floppy Address Floppy Disk Floppy Drive List Floppy Drives Floppy Tape Floptical Diskettes Flux Changes per Inch (FCI) Flux Change FM FM (Frequency Modulation) Format Format Unit Formatted Capacity Formatting ESDI Drives Formatting MFM Drives Formatting RLL Drives Formatting SCSI Drives FPI (flux changes per inch), also FRPI. Friction Fujitsu 2244,2245,2246 Fujitsu 2244,2245, & 2246 Shorting Plug Locations Fujitsu 226X Series 217, Full Height Drive Full-Height Interface Connectors Future Domain Controllers Future Standards 255 9 54 54 302 30 302 302 302 302 302 302 69 302 302 25 302 259 259 275 5 302 302 302 15 302 39 302 37 36 37 37 302 302 217 217 218 302 251 185 l0 G G Gap 302 303 Hard Drive Bible 311 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 Gap Length Gap Width GCR (Group Code Encoding) Glossary Guard Band ~ 303 303 303 295 303 H Half-Height Drive 303 Half-Height Interface Connectors 251 Handle Hard Drives Like EggsL 59 Hans Christian Oersted 1 71 HardDriveList Hard Drive Parameters 73 Hard Error 303 Hard Error Map 303 Hard Sector Mode 303 Hardwaree 303 Hardware Compatibility Problems 57 Hardware Conflicts 59 HDA (HeadlDisk Assembly) 303 HDD Controller Failure 65 Head 303 Head Carriage 12 Head Crash 303 12 HeadGaps Head Landing and Takeoff 303 Head Landing Zone 303 Head Positioner 303 Head Slap 303 Helical Scan Recording 3 Hexadecimal (HEX) 304 High Track Densities 13 HitachiDK514C 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224 HitachiDK515 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 HitachiDK516 230 Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings 221 Holerith Cards 2 HOSTSLV 29 HOSTSLV/ACT 29 HSP 29 HybridServo 14 I I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides A & B) I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides C & 0) I/O Channel Ready 110 Processor IBM IBM 0662 IBM I/O Channel Pinout. IBM Personal Computer Division IBM Task File ICPL ID Field IDE IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) IDE Cabling 312 Hard Drive Bible 199 198 57 304 7 255 198, 199 7 7 3 304 7 304 62 IDEDriveCabling IDE Drive Installation IDE Drive Jumpering IDE Drive Master/Slave Compatibility IDE Drive Types IDE Interface Pinout IDE Limitations IDEMaster/Slave IDSCAN Image-Backup Mode Incorrect Drive Parameters Index Index (Pulsee) Index Time Industry Standard Floppy Drives INITs Input Input/Output Inquiry Insert Disk For Drive C Integrated Drive Electronics Intelligent Drive Electronics Intelligent PeripheraL ~ Interface Interface Standards Interleave Factor Interleaving International Radio Consultive Committee Interrange Instrumentation Group Interrupt Interrupt-13h Format Command Interrupts and DMA Channels Invalid Media Type IPI Interface IRCC IRIG IRQ14orIRQ15 ISO-9660 ISA ISABus ISA Bus 16-Bit Memory Transfers ISA Bus Base BIOS Address ISA Bus Base I/O Address ISA Bus Controller Interrupt. ISA Bus DMA Channel. ISA Bus Extended Setup ISA Bus I/O Channel Ready Timing ISA Bus Refresh IS09660 31 29 29 58 35 197 23 63 29 304 63 309 304 304 259 70 304 304 39 65 7 7 304 304 7, 304 304 304 7 7 304 37 63 65 9 7 7 61 17 51 51 57 25 25 25 25 59 57 26 17 J JVC 4MM SCSI DAT 276 K Keep Optical Drives Clean and CooL Kilobyte (KByte) 60 304 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 L LAN Landing Zone Latency (Rotational) Linear Actuator Logic LongBootTime Long Format Time Longshine Controllers Lookup Low-Level Formatting Low Level Formatting IDE Drives LUN 304 71, 304 304 12 304 63 63 185 305 29, 35, 305 38 305 M Macintosh CPU Macintosh Drive Installation Magnetic Flux Reversals Magnetic Media Magnetic Peripherals Incorporated Magneetic Recording Magnetite Magneto-Resistive Heads Magnetophons Mainframe Computer Manufacturers Phone List. Master Your Own CD-ROM Master/Slave Matching CMOS tables for IDE Drives MaximumFrequency Limitation Maxtor25128Aand2585A Maxtor4000ESeries MaxtorColorado Maxtor LXT-1 00 Jumper Locations Maxtor LXT-200A PCB Layout. Maxtor LXT-SCSI Maxtor MXT-1240 Maxtor Panther SCSI. Maxtor XT 1000/2000 Series Maxtor XT 8000E Series Maxtor XT-4000S Maxtor XT-8000S Maxtor XT-8000SH MaxtorLXT-200A Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) Media Media and Heads Media Defect Media Wears Megabit (Abbreviated Mb) Megabyte (Abbreviated MB) Memory MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) MFM and RLL Encoding MFM Drive Types © CSC 1994 69 69 14 305 4 305 1 12 1 305 277 19 58 61 l4 233 234, 235 71 231 231 240 232 236 234 240, 241 237 238 239 232 305 305 305 12 305 14 305 305 305 15 8 36 MFM Encoding MFM, RLL, and ESDI Drive Jumpering Michael Faraday Micro-Sliders Microcomputers Microinch (uin) Micropolis 132XSeries Micropolis 135X Series Micropolis 137X Series Micropolis 155X Series Micropolis 157X Series Microsecond (us) Millisecond (Msec) Mini Winchester Mini-Mono Mini-Slider Heads Miniscribe 9380 E Drives Miniscribe 9380S Drives Miniscribe or Maxtor Colorado Mneumonic Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode Select Mode Sense Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) More than 16MB ofMemory MPC Compliance MPCLevell MPC Level 2 MPC Standard MRHead Multi Drive ESDI Cabling Multi Drive MFM and RLL Cabling Multiple Drive Support Under DOS Multiprocessor Multitasking Multiuser 15 30 1 5 305 305 241 242 242 243 243 305 305 305 5 305 244 245 71 305 17 18 40 40 305 52 18 19 19 19 5 32 31 63 305 306 306 N NAB Nano-Sliders National Association of Broadcasters Native NativeLBA's NCLControllers Netware 386 Netware Lite No BIOS Sign-on Banner No Fixed Disk Present. No Partitions Defined No ROM Basic No SCSI Devices Found Noise Non System Disk or Disk Error Novell Compsurf NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) 7 5 7 38 36 185 49 49 63 65 65 66 66 306 66 49 15, 306 Hard Drive Bible 313 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 o Oersteds (Oe) OffLine Old DOS Limitations OneOff Open Collector Operating System OPTI Chips Optical Disk Drive Technology Optical Drive List Optical Drives Optical Drive Specifications g~~~~~ :::::::::::::::: Output 12 306 47 19 306 306 26 265 267 60 267 ::::::::::::~~ 306 p PaperTapes 2 :~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;~~ Partition Can't Be Removed Partition Compatibility Partitioning Path PC-Cache PCI PCIBus PCMCIA Flassh PE (Phase Encoded) Peripheral Equipment. PerSci PerSci 9 Track 6250BPI Reel-Reel. Pertec PhotoCD PKUNZIP.EXE Plated Media Plated Thin Film Disks Platter Polling Power Supply Precompensation Preventative Maintenance Priam 514, 519 Priam 617,628,638 Priam 717, 728, 738 Primary Port Address Printed Circuit Board (PCB) PRML PRML Encoding PRML Technology Processing (Data Processing) 63 47 306 306 54, 55 51 52 5 15 306 4 276 275 18 293 12 306 306 306 63 306 306 246 246 247 25 306 16, 21 21 21 307 ~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;~~ Q QIC-02 314 Hard Drive Bible 275 QIC-02 Interface QIC-36 QIC-36 Connector Pin Assignments QIC-36 Interface QIC-40 Interface Quantum Go-Drive AT Quantum Go-Drive AT Jumpers Quantum PRODRIVE Series Quick Time....... 18 9 275 202 10 9 248 248 248 R Radial RAM Disk RAMAC Random Access Memory (RAM) ::~~.~~~~ 307 307 2 307 : ::..:.::::::..:::::::::::::::40:' 30~ Read Capacity Read Extended ReadLong Reassign Blocks Reassign Blocks Defect List. Recalibrate Record Recording Bandwidth Reduced Write Current. Reel to Reel Tape Refresh Line Release Requests Sense Resolution Reversed Cables Rezero Unit RLL RLL (Run Length Limited Code) RLL (Run Length Limited Encoding) RLL 1,7 and RLL 2,7 RLL2,7 RLL 2,7 Encoding Tree ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM Address Conflict. ROM BIOS Rotary Actuator Rotational Speed 40 41 41 41 42 307 307 14 307 2 26 42 42 307 59 43 8 307 15 15 8 16 307 25 25 12 307 S SA-400 Interface SA-400 Pinout SCSI SCSI Arbitration on Bus Scan SCSI Cable Identification SCSI Cabling SCSI Command Reference SCSI Command Set Issues SCSI Controllers SCSI Drive Cabling SCSI Drive Jumpering 10 201 275, 307 57 34 63 39 57 256 32 30 © esc 1994 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 SCSI Drive Types SCSIID SCSI ID and Termination SCSIID's SCSI Interface SCSI Low-Level Format. SCSI Mode Sense SCSI Parity Jumpers SCSI Pinout SCSI Termination SCSI-II SCSI-II, SCSI-III SCSI-III SCSI-IV Seagate 5.25" MFM/RLL Drives Seagate 3.5" MFMlRLL Drives Seagate Controllers Seagate SCSI Drives Seagate Technology Secondary IDE Controller Sector Sector Sparing Sector-Slip Seek Seek Complete Seek Extended Send Diagnostic Sequential Access Servo Feedback Servo Track SETUP SFT286 Shadow RAM Shugart Shugart Associates Silicon Single Drives (MFM, RLL or ESDI) Cables Single Drives Cables Skewing SMARTDRV.SyS SMD (Storage Module Device) SMD (Surface Mounted Device) SMD Interface SMS/OMTI Control1ers SoftError Soft Sector Mode Software Software Application Programs Software Patch Speed Cache SpeedStor Speedstor, or Disk Manager Spindle Spindle Motor Spindle ST-506 Control Signals - Jl/P1 ST-506 Data Signals - J2/P2 © esc 1994 ~ 36 60 60 64 9 38 36 60 200 64 9 307 10 10 251 252 186 252, 253 7 25 307 62 307 43,307 307 43 43 308 13 308 308 49 64 4 7 308 31 31 308 54 308 308 9 187, 188 308 308 293 308 308 54 47 37 308 11,308 54 199 20 1 ST-506 DC Power - J3/P3 ST-506 Pinout ST-506/ST-412 Interface Standard Tape Capacity Start-up Torque Start/Stop Unit Step Step Pulse StepTime Stepper Motor Stepper Motor Servo Systems Stiction Storage Capacity Storage Density Storage Dimensions Controllers Storage Location Storage Module Drive (SMD) Synchronous Data SySC SYSCLOCK System Bombs System Folder System Hangs On Power Up SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 1 or later) 201 199 8,308 277 11 44 308 308 308 308 13 308 308 309 188 309 309 309 48 26 69 69 64 225 T Table Overrides Tape Drive Tape Drive Interfaces Tape Drive Performance Comparison TapeDrives Telegraphone Teletype Corporation Termination Test Unit Ready Thermal Problems Thin Film Thin Film Heads Third Party DMA TPI Track Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable Track Access Time Track Density Track Following Servo Track Pitch Track Width Track Zero Track Zero Detector Track-Following Servo Tracks per Inch Translated LBA's Translation Tunnel Erase Twisted Cables Twisted Data Cables Type 1 Typical IDE Drive Installation 36 309 275 276 275 1 2 31 44 64 12 309 25 309 309 66 309 309 309 309 309 309 309 3 309 36 38 309 31, 59 64 36 29 Hard Drive Bible 315 Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475 u z Ultrastor Controllers Unable to Access Fixed Disk Unformatted (Capacity) Universal IDE Parameters Upgrade Path 189 66 309 67 309 310 293 ZBR (Zone Bit Recording) or Zoned Recording Zipped Files V VCR Technology Verification Verify VESA VESA VL-BusLoading VL-Bus VL-BusSpeed Vlademar Poulsen Voice Coil Motor Voice Coil Servo Systems Volatile Memory 3 309 44 51, 57 57 51,57 51 1 3, 309 13 309 W WAN 309 Wangtec Controllers 190 Wedge Servo System 309 Western Digital Controllers 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 What is CSCFMT? 35 What is DEBUG? 35 WIDESCSI 9 Wide SCSI and Fast SCSI. 9 Winchester Drive 310 Winchester File 4 Winchester Heads 14 Windows NTTM 47 Windows™ in 386 Enhanced Mode 30 Won't Boot (DOS) 64 Won'tBoot(ESDI) 64 Won'tBoot(IDE) 64 Won'tBoot(SCSI) 65 Word 310 WORM 310 WORM Drives 265 Write 44, 310 Write Current 310 Write Extended 45 Write Fault 31 0 45 Write Long WritePrecomp 71 Call CSC today for a FREE Disk Drive Comparison Price Guide 1-(408)-734-3475 X XA Form 1 XA Form 2 XENIX XSMD XT Interface 316 Hard Drive Bible 18 18 51 310 7 © esc 1994
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