CSC_Hard_Drive_Bible_7th_Edition_1994 CSC Hard Drive Bible 7th Edition 1994

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Seventh Edition with SCSI Command Reference
April 1994

Written by: Marrin Bodo
About the Author:
Martin Bodo is the founder and President of Corporate Sysrems Center, Inc. He has a degree in
Physics from rhe University of Santa Clara. He has been an
avid con1pucer enthusiast since his early teens.

Acknowledgments:
We would like to thank all of the manufacturers who
provided us with dara for this publication. Without their
cooperation rhis book would have been impossible. The
following people deserve special recognirion for their
efforts in providing us with phoros and background
information.
i\Il1l~TlN BODO,
PRESIDENT CSC

Maxtor Tech Support Department
Ma.xtor Service Center

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_.-' ......
HAROLD MOOREHEAD,
EDITOI~

Jim Phelphs
Bill Rudock
Guy Chan
Mike Mori

MaxOptics Tech SuPPOrt Department
- Rodime, Inc.
- Seagate Technology, Technical Support
- Microscience, Technical Support
- Sycard Technologies

Special thanks to the entire esc staff who have helped write,
edit, sell and distribute the Hard Drive Bible to over
30,000 satisfied customers.

Dediccttion:
To my / 1OOMbits per square inch.
In 1992, improvements in mechanical alignment
and media had boosted the capacity of standard diskettes
to 2.88MB and "floptical" diskettes to 20MB. Maxtor
Corporation announced the "Magic" MXT series of disk
3.5" disk drives with capacities over 1GB and access
times under8ms. 5.25" disk drives were available in 1992
with over 3GB of formatted capacity.
It's 1994 now, as we write the update to the Hard
Drive Bible. It's hard to predict the future, but I'll be glad
to share a few thoughts on the data storage industry.
My friends in the floppy industry tell me that
Hoptical drives will soon be shipping with 80 MB
capacity in a standard 3.5" form factor. I'm not sure what
industry standards will develop, but other than "floptical"
drives, I don't see much future for the floppy disk industry. Read the chapter on CD-ROM for more insight. CDROM and recordable CD-ROM drives are now about to
revolutionize software distribution.
The hard disk industry, on the other hand, is moving
faster than ever. Volumes are huge and a few manufacturing companies staying profitable despite intense competition. Technology is advancing faster than ever. My
friends and I used to talk about "mini-mono" disk heads.
Then it was "micro-sliders" and even "nano-sliders".
Today we had a nerd's lunch and talked about "picosliders" that fly at 4 millionths of an inch above the disk.
As far as I'm concerned, that should be called "contact
recording" !
Will hard drive sales continue to grow? To be
honest, there are some potential challengers for hard
drives. Optical, and Hash technologies are improving.

©

esc 1994

You can bet our friends at Intel think Hash will kill hard
drives. But our friends in Japan working on optical disk
drives feel that optical drives will win out in the long run.
My opinion is unchanged. I've heard people tell me that
something better will replace hard drives for the last ten
years. Every time there's a technical advance in Hash or
optical drive, there's a corresponding advance in disk
drive technology. Hard drives are here to stay. As
magnetic, optical, and semiconductor technologies advance together, hard drives continue to offer more storage for less money, with a better access time. Each
technology has it's distinct advantages, but the magnetic
recording technology used in hard drives is simple,
mature and easy to manufacture. Hard drives will remain
practical for at least several more years.
In 1993, only one major disk drive manufacturer
was able to maintain profitability. I take my hat off to
Alan Shugart, CEO of Seagate Technologies for that
accomplishment. Seagate has a broad line of products
from 8" drives to PCMCIA FLASH memory. They're
quick on their feet and poised for the future.
But the majority of disk drive manufacturers continue to loose money! This is an omen of the largest
potential problem facing the data storage industry: price
competition. Severe price competition is forcing many
companies to abandon research efforts and concentrate
on high volume, low-tech products. Only the lean, high
tech companies will survive the competition.
Some feel that magnetic recording technology has
now begun to give way to optical technologies. I agree
that optical technology has now become affordable and
reliable enough to replace magnetic drives in some
applications. In the past few years, optical recording
techniques pioneered by the Japanese in consumer products have developed to the point where optical drives are
manufactured at reasonable costs. Many companies like
Hitachi, Sony, Ricoh, and MaxOptix do a brisk business
selling fast, reliable, low cost optical drives. I feel the
compelling advantage behind optical media is removability. Cartridge hard drives and hard drives with removable HDA's are not as large or convenient as optical
media. The market for erasable optical drives will continue to grow.

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esc 1994

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Interlace Standards
With every new developing technology comes the
problem of standardization. The data storage industry
has been influenced by standards from manufacturers
and various groups including:

Some of the popular standards that have evolved
are listed below:

ANSI

With the emergence of IBM compatible PCs as a
hardware standard, drive manufacturers have recently
started to integrate much of the IBM controller hardware
onto their disk drives. These drives are called "Intelligent
Drive Electronics" or "Integrated Drive Electronics"
(IDE) drives. This interface is often referred to as the
"ATA" or "IBM Task File" compatible interface. Drives
with an 8-bit IDE interface are often called "XT Interface" drives, and drives with a 16-bit interface are often
called "AT Interface" drives. By imbedding an AT controller card into the drive, a significant manufacturing
cost savings occurs. Many parts (including line drivers
and even a microprocessor) may be eliminated.
Early "XT Interface" drives use a BIOS ROM on
the paddleboard and cannot be interchanged with "AT
Interface" drives. An XT Interface controller and drive
may be used in an AT class computer if the CMOS is set
to "no drive installed".
Conner Peripherals and Compaq Computer were
among the first companies to ship IDE drives in volume.
Since then, acceptance ofthe IDE interface based on their
original design has grown.
Since the imbedded controller on an IDE drive is
optimized to run efficiently with the drive it is attached
to, IDE interface drives often operate with improved
performance over their comparable MFM or RLL counterparts. Some sacrifices were made in MFM/RLL controller and drive design to ensure compatibility with a
large range of drives. Imbedded controllers are usually
faster due to optimization.
It is clear that IDE drives have rapidly replaced the
original MFM and RLL drives used in early IBM-AT
compatible applications. Since most new disk drives use
zoned recording techniques to increase drive capacity, all
of these drives must use imbedded controllers. The only
practical interface alternative for imbedded controllers
on small disks are IDE or SCSI.
One disadvantage ofthe IDE interface is the 528MB

American National Standards Institute
11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor
New York, New York 10036-8002
(212)642-4900
(212)398-0023 Fax

NAB
National Association of Broadcasters
1771 North Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-2891
(202)429-5300
(202)429-5343 Fax

IBM
First in standards for drives and computers
IBM Personal Computer Division
Route 100
Somers, NY 10589
(800) 772-2227

IRCC
International Radio Consultive Committee

IRIG
Interrange Instrumentation Group

Shugart Associates
Pioneer in floppy disk drives
Shugart Associates
9292 Geronimo, Building #103
Irvine, CA 92718
(714)770-1100

Seagate Technology
Pioneer in hard disk drives
Seagate Technology
920 Disc Drive
Scotts Valley, CA 95067
(408)438-6550
(408)438-6356 Fax
© CSC 1994

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

limitiation. Although the most popular IDE drives sold
today are less than 528MB, disk sizes continue to grow.
A modification to the IDE interface software standard is
now proposed so that drives over 528MB can be supported. See the Enhanced IDE chapter for more information on how the IDE interface will be improved in the
future.
Another minor problem with the IDE interface is
hardware incompatibility. Some IDE drives may be
incompatible with each other or with some paddle
boards, mostly due to different buffering or decoding.
See the pinout in the Connector Pinouts section for more
information on IDE drives.

81-506/81-412 Interface
Seagate Technology is the world's largest manufacturer of hard drives. Their first ST506 five megabyte fullheight 5.25" disk drive was one of the first hard drives
manufactured in volume. This drive used a 5 Mbitl
second MFM encoded interface. The standard interface
copied from this drive was used in all "ST-506 compatible" MFM and RLL drives.

MFM and RLL Encoding
Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) encoding
was first patented by Ampex Corporation in 1963. MFM
encoding is often called "double density" and is used to
code data on floppy and hard drives. MFM is an attractive
coding scheme mainly because it is simple to encode and
decode. MFM is now the standard coding technique for
floppy disk drives and some small capacity hard disk
drives.
Run Length Limited (RLL) encoding is a group
coding technique which provides an increase in data
density over MFM encoding. In RLL encoding, streams
of data are grouped together and each group of data
produces a recording pattern which depends on the bits
which came before it. RLL encoding eliminates high
frequency flux transitions and permits an increased data
density within a fixed recording bandwidth.
The most common RLL coding (RLL 2,7) provides
a 50% improvement in recording density over MFM
coding. For example, a drive which stores 100MB ofdata
at 5Mbitlsec MFM data rate can be made to store 150MB
of data using RLL encoding. The data transfer rate
increases to 7.5Mbitlsec using RLL 2,7, while the recording bandwidth stays at 5 Mhz.
8

Hard Drive Bible

Other RLL codings can provide even higher recording densities. RLL 3,9 (commonly called ARRL)
provides a 100% improvement in recording density.
Longer codes can provide even greater increases. Because RLL coding does not require an increased read!
write channel bandwidth when compared to MFM encoding, RLL is now a popular coding technique used to
increase capacity in many hard disk drives. Most modern
ESDI, ST506-RLL and SCSI drives use RLL encoding.
For a more detailed description ofhow RLL data is coded
and decoded, see the next chapter.
Since RLL encoding provides higher data density
in the same recording bandwidth, the data capture window is reduced. To accurately reproduce data in this
smaller capture window, RLL encoding requires an improved data separator, an accurate read channel, and
better PLL circuitry. The rotational speed of the disk
drive must also remain more constant. Simply put, there
is less margin for error using RLL encoding. Because of
this, only drives specifically designed for ST506 RLL
encoding should be used with RLL controllers. Connecting an ST506 RLL controller to a drive designed for
MFM applications can result in a loss of data integrity.
Before RLL'ing a drive, check with the manufacturer to
insure that the drive is RLL certified. Be very careful
when using ARRL controllers.

E8Dlinterface
The Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) is
basically an improved, high speed ST-506 interface. This
interface was pioneered by Maxtor. The combination of
a 34-pin control cable and a 20-pin data cable from the
ST-506 interface are retained, but the ESDI interface
features improved actuator commands and data transfer
rates.
The ESDI interface uses a data separator located on
the disk drive itself. Older ST-506 designs used a data
separator on the controller card instead. Moving the data
separator to the drive improves compatibility and makes
the ESDI interface independent of data rate. Providing
the maximum data transfer rate of the controller is not
exceeded, any speed ESDI drive can be connected to any
controller. ESDI drives are available with rates up to 28
Mbits/sec.
The ESDI interface offers less command overhead
than the SCSI interface. However, ESDI is not particularly well suited to zoned recording, and is really only
useful for fixed disks. ESDI remains a useful, fast
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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

interface for hard disks, but SCSI has won out in
popularity. The attraction of being able to daisy chain
peripherals like CD-ROM and SCSI tape drives has
ultimately driven the industry away from ESDI and
toward SCSI.

SCSI Interface
The Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) first
became popular as the interface used for Apple Macintosh
peripherals. Actually, SCSI has been used for quite some
time in workstation applications and is rapidly gaining
popularity in the PC marketplace. SCSI offers the ability
to daisy chain up to seven devices (hard, optical, tape,
etc.) to a single controller with a single cable.
SCSI is basically a high-speed bidirectional 8-bit
parallel interface that has been standardized in terms of
both hardware and software by ANSI. The SCSI bus
allows addition of up to 7 devices using a daisy-chained
cable. Unfortunately, though most manufacturers ofSCSI
peripherals adhere to the basic ANSI hardware specifications, the level of SCSI software compatibility varies
from manufacturer to manufacturer. A new ANSI standard, SCSI-II has been announced in an attempt to
standardize the SCSI software interface. The ANSI SCSIII specification adds features like disconnect/reconnect,
and messaging while maintaining downward compatibility with SCSI-I devices. A recent copy of the SCSI
specification may be obtained from ANSI or the CSC
BBS.
Good termination and shielding allow a "single
wide" SCSI bus to operate at speeds in excess of 10MB/
sec. Since most existing SCSI peripherals only sustain
data rates of around 2-3MB/sec, the SCSI interface has
the data bandwidth to handle higher speed drives in the
future.
The new SCSI-II standards for Wide SCSI and Fast
SCSI offer a wider bus and sustained transfer rates up to
40MB/sec. These new versions of SCSI offer more than
adequate throughput for any storage device that might
appear in the near future.
The SCSI interface offers the flexibility and room
for future expansion, but brings with it all the problems
of a developing technology.

WIDE SCSI
Currently, the terms "wide SCSI" and "double wide
SCSI" are used to refer to a SCSI interface with a 16 bit
© CSC 1994

wide data path. This interface uses a 68 pin connector,
and the electrical handshaking and data transfer system is
identical to the more common 8 bit "single wide" SCSI
bus. The ANSI SCSI specification provides a method for
negotiating with peripherals to determine if they offer
"wide SCSI" capabilities. Theoretically, the wide SCSI
bus is downward compatible with standard "single wide"
SCSI devices.

FAST SCSI
"FAST SCSI" refers to SCSI handshaking system
which reduces hardware overhead during data transfers.
Peripherals which support this feature will transfer data
at higher burst rates if they are connected to a controller
which also supports FAST SCSI. If either the peripheral
or the controller does not support FAST SCSI, the burst
data transfer rate is unaffected.

SMD Interface
The Storage Module Device (SMD) interface is the
most popular interface for the 8" drives used in mainframe, minicomputer, and workstation applications.
Variations include an improved data transferrate (HSMD).
SMD drives are gradually being replaced by SCSI in
most applications. Bridge controllers are now available
to adapt newer ESDI drives to the SMD interface.

IPllnterface
The Intelligent Peripheral Interface (IPI) is a mainframe disk drive interface standard used mainly on 8" and
14" drives. It is popular in IBM and Sun workstation and
minicomputer applications. Many drives are available
with dual IPI ports.

QIC-02 Interface
This QIC-02 interface is a software standard for
tape drives. Most PC based 1/4" tape controllers use a
QIC-02 command set.

QIC-40 Interface
This interface uses an standard floppy controller to
store data on minicartridge data tapes. Although they are
relatively slow, these drives are popular in PC applications due to their low cost. Drives are now available with
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up to 250MB (500MB compressed) capacities and data
transfer rates up to 1Mbit/sec.

OIC-36 Interface
This 50-pin tape drive interface standard was pioneered by companies like Wangtec and Archive. The
pinout is listed in the Pinout Section.

SA-400 Interface
As with Seagate and the ST-506 Interface, the SA400 interface is named after the originator of the first
mass produced floppy disk drive. Shugart Associates
manufactured the SA-400 in 1978 and the SA-400 was
the first disk drive to gain wide acceptance. The interface
used a simple 34-pin cable with the 17 odd numbered
pins connected to ground for noise reduction and shielding.
This 34-pin interface was modified to create the
ST-506 hard disk drive interface discussed earlier in this
section. The pinout of the interface used in modern
floppy disk drives is shown in the Pinout Section. Although additional functions have been added since the
original SA-400 drive (mainly DISK_CHANGE,
SPEED_SELECT, and DRIVE_READY), this pinout is
still affectionately referred to as the SA-400 interface.

Future Standards
Currently the most popular disk drive interface for
small capacity hard drives is the IDE (or AT) standard. In
the immediate future, the PC market will continue to be
dominated by IDE drives.
The most popular interface for high performance,
large capacity drives in now SCSI. In the future, as SCSI
software standards evolve and the costs of SCSI drives
and controllers come down, much of the IDE market will
be displaced by SCSI.
In workstations and high-end PC applications, it
seems clear that SCSI is the interface of the future. For
example, all of the popular optical and DAT drives use
the SCSI interface. We look forward to the time when
small computer peripheral interfacing is simplified as
manufacturers all begin to conform to the new SCSI-III
and future SCSI-IV standards.

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Basic Drive Operation
All disk drives perform three basic functions. They
spin, seek, and transfer data. The disks inside a hard drive
are mounted and rotated by a motor normally located in
the center of the disks called the spindle motor. The read/
write heads are held and moved in a head carriage which
also usually holds the preamplifier electronics. Disks
and heads are stacked vertically on the spindle motor, and
the head stack assembly is positioned on-track by a servo
system. Raw read data flows from the preamplifier and is
encoded and decoded by the drive electronics. The heads
read and write this "encoded" data to the disks (media).
Data encoding and decoding circuitry is designed to pack
as much information as possible into the smallest area.
Read/write circuits move the encoded data to and from
the magnetic recording heads. When writing, the heads
convert the electric currents from read/write circuits into
highly concentrated magnetic fields. These magnetic
fields are stored in miniature magnetic groups called
"domains" on the surface of the disk. When reading, the
magnetic domains stored on the media are converted into
electric currents as the heads pass by a second time, this
time operating in reverse. The heads convert the changing magnetic fields from the disk into electric currents as
the read data is recovered. The sections below describe
the operation and purpose of the basic components of a
disk drive: the spindle motor, the servo system, heads and
media, and the data encoding circuitry.

that thermal expansion caused by spindle motor power
dissipation be kept to a minimum. Some early drive
designs were plagued with stiction or heat problems
caused by inadequate spindle motors. Newer designs
have resolved these problems by providing spindle motors with higher start-up torques and lower power consumption. All modem drives use microprocessor controlled spindle motor drive circuitry with pulse width
modulation to minimize power consumption once the
drive reaches operating speed.

Spindle Motors

In high capacity disk drives the quality of the
bearings used in the spindle motor assembly is becoming
increasingly important. As the concentric tracks in a
drive are pushed closer and closer together in an effort to
gain higher storage capacities, spindle bearing "mnout"
becomes a consideration. The smallest amount of wobble
in a modern disk assembly can throw a head assembly
slightly off track, resulting in reduced data integrity.
Drive manufacturers have gone to great lengths to find
affordable spindle motor bearings which offer the lowest
amount of mnout while still providing long life.
Early hard drives spun at 60 revolutions per second
(3600 RPM) because synchronous motors were used
which locked to the 60 Hz AC line frequency. Some
newer designs now offer "fast spin" rates of up to 7000

The motor used to rotate the disks in a drive is called
a spindle motor. Disk drives use many different types of
spindle motors. The type used determines the spin-up
time of the disk and torque as well as the heat dissipation
inside the drive. A motor with a high start-up torque is
necessary since the extremely flat heads and disks used
in modem drives tend to stick together when power is
removed and the heads land on the disk. At the same time,
the spindle motor must operate efficiently with a minimum power consumption. Heat dissipated inside a disk
drive causes the mechanical parts in the actuator and disk
assembly to expand. Because modern drives require
extremely precise mechanical alignment, it is essential
© CSC 1994

Figure 4- Spindle motor used in high-capacity Maxtor drives.

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RPM. At these higher spin speeds, improved spindle
motor bearing quality and balancing is essential. Faster
responding servo systems are also required to track data
at higher spindle speeds.

rotary actuator. This actuator system has become
standard in modem hard disk drives for two main
reasons. Rotary actuators are cheap and reliable.
Typically only two ball bearings are needed at the top
and bottom of the actuator.

Head Carriage
Media and Heads
The mechanical engineer asked to design a modem
head carriage is faced with a difficult task: Design a
perfectly balanced mechanism to hold the heads firmly
and rigidly using existing bearing and actuator technology. And management wants it for free! The head carriage must have the lowest moving mass possible, enabling it to be moved hundreds of time a second.

The ultimate limiting factors in the push for
higher and higher data densities in today's drives are
the heads and media. Hard disk media was originally
manufactured by spin depositing iron oxide (rust)
particles on machined aluminum disks. Modern disks

Figure 5Head carriage with linear actuator
Figure 6- 5.25" Plated media

The head carriage pictured above uses a linear
actuator. The advantage of this type of actuator is that the
heads always stay parallel to the recording track. The
disadvantages are more complexity and moving parts
(higher cost) and higher mass than a rotary actuator.

Head carriage with rotary actuator

The head carriage above is typical of a modem
12 Hard Drive Bible

are made of annealed aluminum which is sputtered
and plated with magnetic coatings, then coated with
rugged lubricated coatings. Disk media is classified
by the amount of magnetic field in Oersteds (Oe)
required to produce enough magnetic dipole reversals
in the disk coating to be detected by a magnetic head.
Earlier media was easily magnetized using fields of
600 Oe or less. Newer high density media requires
fields of 1800 Oe or more to achieve sufficient magnetic penetration.
Head technologies have also evolved over the
years. As head gaps become smaller, the size of the
magnetic coils used must shrink accordingly. New
heads must handle higher write currents and be more
sensitive when reading. Head gap sizes are constantly
shrinking and because of this, the drive industry is
moving toward the thin film and magneto-resistive
heads of the future and away from monolithic heads of
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yesterday. Head flying heights are now just a few millionths of an inch to enable efficient magnetic coupling
with miniscule gap widths.

have become yesterday's technology, and there's no
reason to use them in hard disk drives today.

Voice Coil Servo Systems
Stepper Motor Servo Systems
Stepper motors are rotary actuators that rapidly
move in small discrete steps (usually .8 to 4 degrees per
step). Stepper motors provide a simple, reliable positioning system that is easy to use and inexpensive to manufacture. The stepper motor shaft is usually connected to
a small metal band that converts the rotary shaft motion
into a linear or rotary motion ofthe head carriage. Stepper
motors are ideal positioners for floppy drives and low
capacity hard drives due to their low cost.
A low cost stepper motor servo system has two
major disadvantages. The mass of the rotor in a stepper
motor is generally high. Using stepper motors as actuators in disk drives produces low access times because the
heavy rotor must be moved along with the head carriage.

Stepper Motor Servo

The number of concentric tracks recorded per inch
on a disk drive is referred to as the "track density". The
second disadvantage in a stepper motor servo system is
limitations on track density. High track densities are
difficult to achieve with stepper motor servo systems
because most stepper motors move only in large discrete
steps. The electronics required to "fine tune" the position
of a stepper motor servo system are expensive to manufacture. It is easier to adjust the position of a voice coil
and keep the heads on track than it is to fine tune a stepper
motor.
The future of stepper motors remains in low cost
open-loop servo systems, like floppy disk drives. They
© CSC 1994

It's hard to imagine a mechanism that can move to
any position over an inch in less than 11100th of a second
and come to a complete stop within 0.0001" of its target.
Modem voice coil actuators are capable of doing this
over 1,000,000,000 times. The voice coil servo system is
the key component in all newer high performance disk
drives. A voice coil actuator is simply a coil of copper
wire attached to the head carriage. This coil is surrounded
by high energy permanent magnets which are attached to
the HDA casting. To move the head carriage and "seek"
to a track, the control electronics apply a current to the
voice coil. The current applied induces a magnetic field
in the coil which attracts or repels the stationary permanent magnets. The amount of torque induced to move the
head carriage is directly proportional to the amount of
current applied to the voice coil.
Many drives use an ASIC control chip in the voice
coil servo system which contains a DIA converter. The
output of the D/A converter usually drives a MOSFET
power amplifier which provides the current required by
the voice coil. The circuitry which moves the head from
track to track is simple compared to the circuitry which
decodes the servo information recorded on the drive. In
order to control the voice coil, the servo electronics must
know precisely where the head is positioned on the drive.
The positioning information fed back to the electronics to
control the voice coil positioner is called "servo feedback". Several different servo schemes are used to provide position feedback information to the drive electronics and "close" the servo loop.
Some large capacity drives use a "dedicated" voice
coil servo feedback system. If you see a drive in the drive

Voice Coil Servo
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table with an odd number of read/write heads, it probably
uses a dedicated servo system. In a dedicated system, the
entire surface of one disk is reserved for use by the servo
system. Position information is recorded on the reserved
(dedicated) disk so that the drive electronics can determine the exact position and velocity of the head carriage.
Assuming that the head carriage holds the entire head
stack rigidly together, the position ofthe read/write heads
will track along with the dedicated servo head. A dedicated servo system offers fast positioning and is simple
to design. One of the only disadvantages to this system
is that since only one head is used for servo, a dedicated
servo system is unable to compensate for thermal warpage
of the head stack assembly.
A more popular voice coil servo feedback system is
called "embedded" servo. An embedded servo system
works in a manner similar to the dedicated system except
for the physical location of the servo position information. An embedded system interleaves servo and data
information by placing servo positioning bursts between
the data recorded on the disk. Embedded servo systems
have advantages and disadvantages over dedicated servo
systems. Advantages of an embedded system include the
ability to accurately position each individual head by
sensing the position information directly under that head.
A dedicated servo system positions all of the heads
together. Disadvantages of an embedded servo system
are increased servo electronics complexity (which translates to higher cost), and the requirement for seek and
settling delays when switching between heads.
Many new drives employ a "hybrid" servo system
which combines both a dedicated servo for fast, coarse
positioning, and an embedded servo to finely position the
head on track. Hybrid servo systems offer the best access
and positioning of any system, but their cost is also the
highest. One disadvantage this system shares with dedicated servo systems is that an entire surface is used for
servo. This dedicated surface could have been used to
store more data..

Keeping it Clean
When a drive is running, Winchester heads "fly" or
"float" on a cushion of air. There is virtually no wear on
the disk surface when the drive is running and the heads
are stationary. Almost all the wear on a drive occurs when
the drive is turned off and the heads "land" and touch the
disk.
14 Hard Drive Bible

Figure 7 - Drive Filter and Latch Components

All modern voice coil servo drives use an electronic
or mechanical mechanism to move the heads away from
the data area of the disk to a "landing zone" when power
is removed. Better drives also use a mechanical latch
mechanism to park and lock the heads in the landing
zone.
As the media wears in a drive, microscopic particles flake off from the disk surface. A quality hard drive
designed for long life contains a circulating air system
which catches these particles in a filter.
Most disk drives have filtered vents which permit
outside air to enter and exit the HDA. These vents help
if a pressure differential develops between the HDA and
the ambient air. Some newer drive designs (notably
Conner and Maxtor drives) have eliminated the outside
air filter.

Data Encoding and Decoding
Data encoding is the technique used to convert a
stream of binary data into a varying current which drives
a magnetic head. The varying current which drives the
head produces magnetic flux reversals in the head. These
flux reversals orient the molecular magnetic dipole moments of the media. The media is thus "magnetized" in a
pattern which stores the data. The magnetic head has a
maximum frequency limitation which determines how
close the magnetic flux reversals can be placed on the
disk while still maintaining acceptable reliability. There
is also a minimum frequency limitation imposed by the
drive electronics.
The difference between the minimum and maximum frequency limitations is called the recording bandwidth. One goal in manufacturing disk drives is to provide the highest data recording rate as possible. A higher
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data recording rate translates to higher capacity per track
and higher data transfer speeds. The magnetic recording
bandwidth of a drive is limited by several factors including head and media design and positioning accuracy.
The goal in designing data encoding and decoding
circuitry thus becomes placing the maximum amount of
data bits within a fixed recording bandwidth while maintaining acceptable reliability.
Disk drive data encoder circuitry removes the need
to place clock information on the track by combining the
data bits to be recorded with as few clock signals as
possible. The decoder circuitry regenerates the clock
from the recorded signal and synchronizes the clock to
the decoded data. The encoder and decoder circuitry in a
drive are usually combined into a chip called and
"ENDEC".

Encoding and Decoding Codes
The following encoding and decoding codes are
commonly used in disk drives:

NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)
This code was originally used in telecommunications and its encoding and decoding are simple to understand. Instead of discrete pulses for each data bit, the
signal rises or falls only when a one (1) bit in the
incoming data stream is followed by a zero (0) bit or when
a zero (0) bit is followed by a one (1) bit.
This coding technique has a serious flaw because
certain data patterns can be generated which will result in
a fixed logic state output (i.e. the output of the encoder
will be static, stuck at zero or one). The "worst-case"
condition can violate the minimum recording bandwidth
of the drive electronics. In practice, this would rarely
happen, but it's a serious strike against NRZ coding.

This coding technique was used in the earlier floppy
drives (including 8" drives). These older drives were
called single density "SD" drives. The FM method of
encoding is basically equivalent to the PE method. FM
coding is no longer widely used in disk drives.

MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation)
With available heads and media, MFM is by far the
easiest coding technique to implement MFM encoding is
used in all modem floppy drives and many small capacity
hard drives. MFM doubles the data capacity of FM
encoding (MFM floppy drives are called Double Density). MFM works by eliminating the clock pulses in FM
encoding and replacing them with data bits. Clock pulses
are still used, but they are written only when a one (1) data
bit is not present in both the preceding and the current
data cell ( Fig. 8)
To decode MFM data, a data separator must generate a clock signal based on several flux transitions. In
BIT
POSITION 1
NRZ
MESSAGE
DATA

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CLOCK
MFM
CODE

Figure 8 - MFM Encoding

order to maintain a low error rate, the speed of data
flowing into the encoder must remain steady, and the
decoder must lock onto this stream. In practice, the
rotational speed of hard and floppy drives is easily
controlled within the tolerances required for reliable
MFM recording.

PE (Phase Encoded)
RLL (Run Length Limited Encoding)
This coding is used in credit cards and instrument
recorders. It is also simple to understand. The direction of
a flux reversal in the middle of each cell indicates
whether the encoded bit is either a zero or a one. This
effectively shifts the phase of the output signal each time
there is an NRZ type transition between zeros and ones.

FM (Frequency Modulation)
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This encoding scheme was first used in 14" drives
from IBM, CDC, and DEC. It is now used in almost all
high capacity 3.5" and 5.25" hard drives. Common RLL
coding techniques are RLL 1,7 and RLL 2,7. 1,7 and 2,7
refer to the maximum number of consecutive zeros in the
code. RLL 2,7 offers a 500/0 improvement in data transfer
rate and data recording density as compared with MFM
within the same fixed recording bandwidth.
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The easiest way to understand RLL encoding is by
examining Figure 9. Bits are encoded by following the
tree, starting at the root. When you reach the end of a
branch, the stream ofbits at that branch correspond to the
encoded data to be written to the drive.
RLL encoding has two main disadvantages. The
first is that RLL requires significantly more complex
encoding and decoding circuitry than MFM. This has

Figure 9 - RLL 2,1 Encoding Tree

been overcome in part by single ENDEC chips from
companies like SSI and National Semiconductor. The
second disadvantage with RLL encoding is that a small
defect can produce a long stream of data errors. To
combat this, drive manufacturers are improving the
design of read/write heads and media and lowering the
flying height of these heads to improve signal to noise
ratios. Longer, improved error correcting codes are also
used with RLL encoded drives.
Spindle motors are now driven by crystal controlled microprocessors to improve rotational speed accuracy. The quality of the heads, media, and spindle
control circuits used to manufacture today's hard disk
drives are more than adequate for reliable RLL encoding

Future Codes
Many other coding and encoding techniques have
been developed which offer higher data rates and recording densities than RLL within the same fixed recording
bandwidth. All of these codes are more susceptible to
timing jitter and large error bursts than RLL coding. At
present, nearly all ESDI, SCSI, and IDE drives use RLL
coding. We expect that RLL will continue to be the most
commonly used coding in magnetic mass storage devices for the next few years. The recent advent ofPRML
techniques to improve read channel performance will
take some time to implement.
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CD-ROM
CD-ROM
Compact Disk Read Only Memory is the future of
software distribution. Programs which were once shipped
on dozens of floppy disks can now be reproduced inexpensively on a single CD-ROM disk.
With over 600 Megabytes of capacity, CD-ROM
technology provides a medium for full motion multimedia games, movies, and educational software. This new
technology will replace the floppy disk for information
distribution in the near future, and may eventually replace some magnetic tape technologies, such as video
tape. Well established standards insure media interchange between different CD-ROM drives, platforms,
and operating systems.
At the time of this writing, the cost of mass producing a CD-ROM in Hong Kong had dropped to around 50
cents per disk. On a per megabyte basis, CD-ROM is the
most inexpensive way to distribute data.

CD MEDIA
CD-ROM disks are built on a transparent polycarbonate plastic substrate. This substrate is coated with a
thin aluminum layer. Recordable, write once CD media
is identical to mass produced disks, except that the
aluminum layer is replaced with gold. CD's store information using microscopic pits in the metal layer which
are detected by a minute laser beam.
Each pit is
approximately 5 by 3 micrometers in size, and there are
over a billion pits per disk. Since these pits are much
smaller than dust particles, CD's must be manufactured
in a clean room environment. To provide an immunity
from smaller dust particles and unavoidable scratches,
the optical recording layer is placed away from the
surface of the plastic disk.
To mass produce CD-RaM's. CD masters are first
made using a photo lithography process. These masters
are then used to press thousands of disks. Smaller
quantities of disks can also be produced on a desktop
using a CD-R drive. A CD-R drive uses write-once
media and is similar in operation to a WORM drive.

CD-ROM DRIVE OPERATION
Unlike hard disk drives, CD-RaM's are not seg© CSC 1994

mented into multiple tracks of data. Technically, a CDROM disk has only one track! The CD-ROM uses a
single track of data over three miles long which is wound
50,000 times in a spiral, similar to an LP record. On a
CD, data is recorded from the inside of the spiral outwards. A single speed CD-ROM drive spins the disk at
varying speeds, starting at 550RPM and working down to
about 220RPM. It takes about 75 minutes to read the
entire disk at this "single" speed.
Datais encoded using an "EFM" modulation scheme
which isn't the ideal way to pack data on an optical disk,
but it was chosen to keep the complexity and cost of the
drives down. As the disk spins, a tiny low power laser
is focused through a lens onto the surface ofthe disk. The
reflected light from this laser is detected using a photo
diode, and the EFM encoded data is detected and sent to
the drive electronics. Because a scratch or dust particle
can cover thousands of bits of data, a special error
correcting system called CIRC (for Cross Interleaved
Reed Soloman Code) is used to correct any errors detected by the drive electronics.
Two closed loop servo systems are used in CDROM drives. The first system moves the small focusing
lens located above the laser to focus it on the disk. The
second system moves the entire laser, lens, and photo
diode assembly to place it correctly on the spiral.

CD ROM STANDARDS
ISO 9660
ISO-9660 is the current International Standards
Organization technical specification which defines the
physical format of CD-ROM data. The major contributors to this specification were DEC, Phillips and Sony.
This specification evolved from the "High Sierra" format, and is now used in almost all mass produced CDROM disks to insure compatibility in the wide range of
available drives and systems. The ISO 9660 specification defines file and directory formats, interchange levels, and recording formats. A copy of the ISO 9660
specification can be ordered from ANSI by calling (212)
642-4900.

MODE1
Two "modes" or formats are used to record data on
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CD-ROM disks. Mode 1 uses more error correction and
is the most popular format used today. Each sector
recorded in Mode 1 is 2048 bytes, with an additional 280
bytes of error correction data stored at the end of the
sector. This error correcting code is in addition to the
CIRC codes mentioned above. By adding multiple layers
of error correction, MODE 1 significantly increases the
reliability of the CD media.

MODE 2
The Mode 2 format is identical to Mode 1, but the
error correcting codes are removed. Removing the
ECC's yields about 15% more data storage area on the
CD by increasing the sector size to 2,336 bytes. Mode 2
disks are also more susceptible to errors. A new Mode 2
disk will typically have three or four errors when played
in an average drive. In most audio applications, the
Mode 2 format is fine, since the human ear is usually
unable to detect these errors. Mode 2 is also often used
with graphic files and imaging applications.

CD-ROM XA
The XA format was developed by Microsoft, Sony
and Phillips. The XA format has two modes, called
FORM 1 and FORM 2. XA FORM 1 is almost identical
to MODE 1 format. XA FORM 2 is a new format used
for recording compressed audio, video, or graphics. XA
FORM 2 is designed so that errors will cause only minute
clicks in sound or a tiny dot (pixel) change in a photograph.

CD-I
MPEG is a data compression technique developed
by the Motion Pictures Experts Oroup. CD-I uses MPEG
to compress full motion video down to CD-ROM compatible data rates. With CD-I, a complete 74 minutes of
video can be recorded on a CD. CD-I players may
someday compete with video recorders, since the CD
media is less expensive and easier to produce than video
tape. At the time of this writing, Phillips was the only
manufacturer commercially mass producing a CD-I player
for home use. Experts estimate that the cost of a CD-I
player will soon be lower than the cost of an equivalent
video cassette player. When this happens, CD-I will
challenge video tape for commercial distribution of movies.

PHOTO CD
Photo CD is a standardized recording system developed by Kodak for storing high resolution images on CORaM disks. Photo CD "service bureaus" are now
available across the country. These service bureaus will
take your 35mm or professional format film, scan it, and
18 Hard Drive Bible

translate it into images on CD. Each image is scanned at
high resolution, color corrected, and stored in a proprietary compressed format called YCC, then placed on
CD-R disks. The recorded images can be reconstructed
in several image resolutions, ranging from 128x192
pixels to 2048 by 3072 pixels in 24 bit color. For fast
access, three image formats are stored in uncompressed
formats at resolutions up to 512x768 pixels. Kodak's
photo CD software converts their 24 bit YCC chroma and
luminance data into a 3 by 8 bit RGB format usable in
your machine. To save costs, you can use your photo CD
disk more than once. If your disk isn't completely full,
you may return it to Kodak for additional "multisession"
images. The term "multisession" refers to more than one
photo CD recordings on a single disk.
To use a
multisession disk, you will need a CD-ROM drive with
multisession compatible firmware.

QUICK TIME
Apple Computer developed Quick Time as a multi
platform multimedia format standard. Quick time uses a
program called the Movie Manager to combine sound,
animation, and video from compressed files. Quick
Time movies are low resolution (160x 120) , but their low
data rate is ideal for CD-ROM storage. Quick Time
offers a choice of software and hardware compression
through a program called Image Compression Manager.

CHOOSING A CD-ROM DRIVE
Insist on the following before purchasing a CDROM drive:
• You must have full MPC compliance.
• You must have full XA compliance.
• You must have MODE-l and MODE-2 compat
ibility.
• You may want Multisession Photo CD compat
ibility.
• You may want double, triple, 4X or 6X spin
speeds.
• You may want sub 200ms access times.
• You may want a SCSI interface.
• You may want a "caddyless" drive mechanism.
Here's why: You need MPC, XA, MODE 1, and
MODE 2 to play the wide range of available CD-ROM
disks. You need Multisession if you plan to use Kodak
Photo CD's. You'll want double spin or faster if you are
running multimedia games. A faster access time will
help if you're transferring a volume of small files from
CD-ROM. A SCSI interface is essential for your Mac,
and gives more upgradability for your PC. A "caddyless"
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drive saves you money, by storing disks in jewel cases
instead of caddies.

THE MPC STANDARD
A committee ofmanufacturers including Microsoft,
Intel, and others has developed two standards called
MPC levelland MPC level 2. These standards the
minimum hardware required to run multimedia programs. These standards are significantly less than we
recommend below.

MPC level 1 standard requires:
• A CD-ROM with access time less than 1000ms.
• A 386SX CPU with 2MB RAM.
• VGA, 1.33MB Floppy, and an 8 or 16 bit sound
card.

MPC level 2 requires:
• A 486SX CPU with 20MHz or better clock
speed.
As you can see, almost any modern PC or CD ROM
drive exceeds the MPC level 2 compliance recommendations. So when a drive is touted as "Fully MPC Compliant!", they really aren't saying much.

BUILDING AREAL MULTIMEDIA PC
To build a multimedia PC, or to upgrade your
existing PC, you'll need the following:
• A fast 486 or Pentium processor.
• A VESA or PCI video card.
• A Sound Blaster 2.0 compatible sound board.
• A double spin or faster CD drive (SCSI is pre
ferred)
• A large hard disk if you plan to manipulate
images.
Stay within your budget, but the faster the processor the better. If you're manipulating images in a program like Adobe PhotoShop, you may need 16MB or
more memory. Full resolution Kodak Photo CD images
are 4.5MB each! A VESA or PCI 32 bit video board with
a Windows accelerator is recommended. A double spin
or faster CD-ROM will help give you smooth video
motion. Most multimedia programs require a Sound
Blaster 2.0 compatible sound card.

CD-R and CD-WO
CD-R is the new desktop technology which enables
you to write a CD-ROM disk. A CD-R drive plugs right
into your PC, Mac, or SparcStation, and allows you to
bum your own CD's.
© CSC 1994

CD-R drives use the gold media described above
and a high power laser to bum pits into the metallic layer
and write disks. These disks are available in all formats
and lengths, up to 74 minutes. The blank disks are
inexpensive (around $20 in volume). Of course, these
disks can be written only once.
Depending on the mastering software you use, you
may be able to create disks one track at a time, or you may
need to create a complete mastered image on your hard
disk (650MB or more of space is required) and then copy
this image to the CD-R disk. CD-R writers are available
in speeds up to 6X, and they are surprisingly affordable.
CD-R drives are available from CSC and other suppliers.

MASTERING YOUR OWN CD-ROM
Yes! The technology is here today to master your
own CD-ROM. At the time of this printing, publishing
about 100 disks cost less than $1000. To master your own
CD, first read about the available formats. You will need
to understand them and organize your data to be compatible with them.
Next, shop for CD mastering software. This software is available in all costs and qualities, from free
public domain programs to professional programs costing several thousands of dollars. Using this CD mastering software, you can organize your data in the correct
file and directory formats required for CD-ROM. Once
your data is ready for mastering, you will need to make
a "One Off' to test your programs. A "One Off' is made
using a CD-R machine as described above. If you plan to
mass produce your disk, it would be better to have the
same company which will mass produce your disk manufacture the "one off'. Your data may be transported to
this manufacturing company on Erasable Optical disks,
OAT, on 8MM tape, or by actually shipping them a hard
drive (not recommended). The following companies are
excellent CD-ROM manufacturers:
3M Optical Recording Department
3M Center Building 223
81. Paul, MN 55144-1000
(612) 733-2142
Disk Manufacturing, Inc.
1409 Foulk Road, Suite 202
Wilmington, DE 19803
(416) 298-8190

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Sony Electronic Publishing Company
Recorded Media Division
1800 N. Fruitridge Ave.
Terra Haute, IN 47804
(812) 462-8100
US Optical Disk, Inc.
Eagle Drive
Sanford, NE 04073
(207) 324-1124

INn'ALLATION
CAUTION!
..............................

~

CD HANDLING HAZARDS
Contrary to popular opinion, CD disks are not as
rugged as they look. While small scratches on the data
side of the disk may not damage data, you can destroy a
disk completely by bending it, writing on the top of the
disk with a ball point pen, or deeply scratching either side
of the disk.
Some data errors can be caused by dust, dirt, or
greasy material on the surface of the disk. A spray bottle
of lens cleaner and a soft lint free rag can be used to
correct this. Treat your CD's with care and they will last
a lifetime. Consider buying a caddy for each of your
disks, or at bare minimum, store your disks in plastic
jewel boxes.
CD drives are also susceptible to contamination
with microscopic dust particles. When installing an
internal drive, choose the location furthest away from the
fan in your computer to prevent the flow of dust into the
drive.

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PRML Technology
PRML Technology
PRML is an acronym for Partial Response Maximum Likelyhood. PRML is a new solution to an old
problem. Since disk drives were first designed, there has
been a push to pack the largest amount of data possible
into the smallest possible disk area. To understand
PRML, let's first take a look at the problem PRML is
designed to overcome.
As data is packed closer and closer on the magnetic
media, the recorded bits tend to blur together. The
blurring is mainly caused by "bit shift" and by the
unavoidable introduction of noise in the read channel.
PRML read channels differ from conventional analog read channels in the way they detect and separate
recorded data. Analog read channels typically look at the
position of the recorded peaks and use only the peak
position information to recover the recorded data. PRML
channels digitize the height of each peak and compare it
to an average peak value. Once the PRML read channel
has extablished a values for the size and shape of the
peak, it adds this information to the values of peaks
which are read subsequently. The PRML circuit looks at
the combination of the bit read and the subsequent bits,
and then decides which interpretation ofbits will produce
the least amount oferrors. If a weak or slightly shifted bit
is detected, the PRML read channel can determine what
the weak bit should have been by analyzing it in combination with its neighboring bits.
The net effect is that bits can be placed closer
together on the magnetic recording media. This means
increased disk capacities without significantly increased
costs.
So how soon will PRML technology actually affect
the performance of available hard drives? Sooner than
you might expect. Mid range drives will be the first to
take advantage of the new technology. Cirrus Logic and
VTC are currently shipping silicon which fully implements PRML. IBM and others have parts in the design
phase. The current bottleneck seems to be data rate.
Analog read channels are still much faster than their
available PRML counterparts. When this gap closes,
© CSC 1994

expect PRML to add 30% to 50% more to existing disk
drive capacities!

PRML SIMPLIFIED
RECOVERED DATA

BITS ARE
ANALYZED
IN GROUPS

PRML
CORRECTED
DATA

o

0

PRML DECISION MAKER

riF

IF ? BIT wAsl
? BIT WAS
ONE
II 5 ERRORS
ZERO
NO ERRORS

PRML CORRECTS
WEAK BITS AND
IIBITSHIFr'

OCCUR
OCCUR
REPAIRED BIT

I

PRML Encoding

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Enhanced IDE
The Enhanced IDE standard proposed by Western
Digital provides a solution to IDE's three biggest problems: capacity, performance, and expandability. The
original IDE drives developed by Conner and Compaq
were designed to be compatible with IBM's early MFM
controller card used in the original IBM AT's. When this
"register level" compatibility was copied, some limitations went along with it.
The existing IDE interface has a total drive capacity
limitation of 528MB. This constraint comes from the
original IBM MFM controller design which supported a
maximum of 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per
track. The original MFM controller used 10 bits to
address the cylinder count, 4 bits to select the head, and
6 bits to select the sector number (which started with #1).
This means that all existing PC applications which write
directly to the IBM compatible disk controller registers
have a total of 20 bits available to control the logical
Since a sector
block address of an IDE disk drive.
number of zero is disallowed in the IDE interface, a total
of 1,032,192 blocks can be addressed. With a standard
block size of 512 bytes per sector, IDE is limited to a
528MB maximum capacity.

IDE LIMITATIONS
Heads - 16 Maximum (Numbered 0 through 15)
Sectors - 63 Maximum (Numbered 1 through 63)
Cylinders - 1024 Maximum
(Numbered 0 through 1023)
Total Blocks - 1,032,192
Maximum Capacity - 528MB with 512 byte sectors
To bypass this limitation, the proposed Enhanced
IDE standard uses a 28 bit logical block address which
can address a total of26,8435,456 blocks. This provides
a maximum drive capacity of over 13 Gigabytes, which
is enough for the near future. A standard IBM compatible
BIOS has it's own capacity limitations. BIOS is limited
© CSC 1994

to 1024 cylinders, 256 heads, and 255 sectors per track.
This results in a BIOS maximum capacity of 8.4GB.

BIOS LIMITATIONS
Heads - 256 Maximum (Numbered

°

through 255)

Sectors - 63 Maximum (Numbered 1 through 63)
Cylinders - 1024 Maximum
(Numbered through 1023)

°

Total Blocks - 16,515,072
Maximum Capacity - 8,4GB with 512 byte sectors
Without a device driver, the maximum capacity of
the proposed enhanced IDE standard is 8.4GB. This is
not currently an issue for hard disks, but for larger
capacity drives, like helical scan tape backup units, it
would be a limitation if other workarounds were not
provided. One way to bypass this may be to switch to a
larger block size for these larger devices, such as the 2048
byte per sector block size used in CD-ROM drives
another is through the ATAPI system described below.
The original IDE standard is also limited in terms of
performance. This is mainly due to the speed of 16 bit
programmed 110 (PIO) data transfers. SCSI host adapters can transfer data faster than IDE by using bus mastering processes programmed memory moves, or Direct
Memory Access. IDE drives must wait for the CPU to
move data, two bytes at a time. An instruction execution
and an 110 cycle are required as each pair of bytes to be
moved from the IDE registers into main memory. This
PIO process is significantly slower than other methods.
When the original MFM drives were introduced, these
slower data rates were adequate, but with higher performance drives they are a serious bottleneck.
To increase performance, Enhanced IDE offers the
option of using faster DMA transfers. To maintain
compatibility, the enhanced IDE drive starts out in PIO
mode, and switches to DMA mode only after a software
driver is loaded. This software driver is specific to the
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operating system being used, Le. OS/2, DOS, or Windows NTTM.
The original IDE interface supports a maximum of
two drives. Removable drives, Optical drives, Tape
Drives, and CD-ROM drives were not provided for in the
original IBM AT. Western Digital's proposed solution to
this in Enhanced IDE is called ATAPI. ATAPI stands for
ATA Packet Interface, and it's design is suspiciously
similar to SCSI. In fact, ATAPI appears to have been
copied from SCSI so that existing manufacturers ofSCSI
drives could easily convert their drives to run on Enhanced IDE systems. ATAPI provides support for tape,
optical, and CD-ROM drives through a packet messaging system.
At the time of this printing, Enhanced IDE drives
were being produced only by Western Digital. ATAPI
drives were announced, but not yet available. Enhanced
IDE is really a great ides for breathing new life into a tired
interface. We can only hope that the Enhanced IDE will
catch on, removing the limitations of the original IDE
interface.

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Controller Setup .. Jumpering
In PC applications,controller jumpering is often
the first step in installing a new drive and controller. To
correctlyjumper the controller, you will need the controller board manual, as well as documentation on the other
boards installed in the system. Settings for some controllers are provided in the Controller Information section of
this manual.
You may need to jumper the controller board for
one or more of the following settings:

but most IBM compatibles have room for a 16K or 32K
BIOS starting at C800H or DOOOH.

ISA Bus Base 110 Address

Most controller cards do not use third party DMA.
Exceptions to this are some high performance SCSI and
ESDI controllers. You may share a DMA channel with
another device only in the rare case that your software
and hardware support it. Make sure to set both DREQ and
DACKjumpers identically.

The base 110 address of your controller can normally be left at the factory default setting unless you are
installing two controller boards in the same system. If
you are installing two boards, the first board must be set
at the primary 110 address, and the second board can use
any available I/O address. Be sure to check for conflicts
with network boards, tape drive controllers, and video
boards before selecting your secondary address.
If you are installing an IDE disk drive, the primary
port address used are IFO-IF7H and 3F6-3F7H. At the
time ofthis printing, MS-DOS 6.2 did not support the use
of more than one IDE controller at an alternate (secondary) address. IBM's OS/2 Version 2, however, does
support a secondary IDE controller.
If you are designing an I/O mapped controller card
which must coexist with an IDE or similar board, I
recommend using a base address of 180H or 320H.
These areas are almost never used by other peripherals.

ISA Bus Base BIOS Address
If your controller card has a ROM BIOS, you will
need to select a starting address. When selecting a starting BIOS address, add the starting address ofthe card and
the length of the required I/O space. Make sure that the
address you select will not cause a ROM address conflict
with any other boards (particularly VGA and network
boards). Ifyou are unsure ofthe length ofthe BIOS ROM
on the controller, use DEBUG to dump the third byte of
the ROM. This corresponds to the length of the BIOS in
512 byte blocks. Every system configuration is different,
©

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Note: Not all motherboard BIOS ROMs will support controller card BIOS addresses over EOOOH. If you
experience problems, try choosing a BIOS address between AOOOH and DFFFH.

ISA Bus DMA Channel

ISA Bus Controller Interrupt
Most controller boards do not use interrupts in DOS
applications, but a hardware interrupt is required for all
Novell and most UNIX applications. Select any available
interrupt, but be sure to define it correctly when running
NETGEN. Interrupts 14 and 15 are generally available
on most PC's. IRQ 14 is normally used by the primary
IDE controller. Lower interrupt numbers have higher
CPU priority.

Floppy Address
A secondary floppy address must be selected for
two floppy controllers to peacefully coexist in the same
system. OS/2 users will find support for two floppy
controllers built into the operating system. If you are
running DOS, you will not be able to use the second
floppy controller without a device driver installed in your
CONFIG.SYS file. If your floppy controller is compatible with the original IBM-XT architecture (copied in all
clones from 8088's to P5's), you can use DOS
DRIVER.SYS to control your extended floppies.
DOS DRIVER.SYS parameters are listed below.
Enter all necessary parameters on the DEVICE =
DRIVER.SYS line in your CONFIG.SYS file. For exHard Drive Bible 25

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ample, ifyou have one hard disk installed and wish to use
a 1.44MB floppy as your third (Le. D:) drive, add the
following line to your CONFIG.SYS:
DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS IF:7 IC

SYSCLOCK

1/0 Channel

N

ReadlWrite
Wait States

Over a MHz

1 wait state

2 wait
states

a MHz or less

o wait states

1 to 2 wait
states

16-Bit Bus
Wait States

The following switches are supported by MS DOS
5.0:
/T:x

x = number of tracks

IC

indicates that disk change is
supported by the drive
IF:x x = drive form factor code
0= 360K
2 = 720K
1 = 1.2MB
7 = 1.44MB
9 = 2.88 MB

lH:x
IS:x

x = number of heads
x = number of sectors per track

Table A - Recommended C&T, OPTI and ETa
Wait States

Once your controller is jumpered correctly, proceed to CMOS setup and then low-level format. See the
following section that corresponds to your drive type for
set-up and low-level formatting instructions.

Note: SYSCLOCK is the CPU clock frequency
of your motherboard. Use extended setup to
choose between

SYSCLOCK, SYSCLOCK, or SYSCLOCK
More detailed information on CONFIG.SYS can
be found in your DOS manual.
Controller cards with well written BIOS codes (like
the CSC FastCache™ series) will operate extended floppy
drives without software drivers. If you have one of these
cards, modifications to your CONFIG.SYS will not be
needed in most cases.
2.88MB drives are now supported as primary (boot)
drives by most new motherboard BIOS ROM's, including AMI, and M.R. BIOS.

ATip for ISA Motherboards With IIExtended
Chipset" Setup

3

4

5,6,etc.

to adjust your bus clock frequency.

For example, a system clock of 50MHz and an
extended setting of:
SYSCLOCK
5
will provide a bus clock speed of
50
5 = 10 MHz.

If you are using a motherboard based on the Chips
& Technology 3 chip LSI chips, the newer OPTI chips or

other programmable chipset, congratulations! The speed
of your RAM and I/O channel can be altered to increase
overall system performance by "fine tuning" your
motherboard. You can select I/O clock speed and wait
states by running the extended setup program that came
with your motherboard and using the information in
Table A. Be careful when setting I/O channel wait states
on these motherboards. It is easy to outrun many controller boards by selecting SYSCLOCKJ2 without wait states.
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Hard Drive Bible

Most Floppy Controllers will work at bus speeds up
to about 10MHz. Many Hard Drive Controllers may not
operate reliably much over 10 MHz. These estimates
include 2 wait states. Note that I/O operations on the PC
bus have one extra wait state when compared to memory
operations. This is why memory mapped cards generally
transfer data faster than I/O mapped cards.
Your C&T or OPTI motherboard extended setup
may also permit disabling the ISA bus REFRESH line.
REFRESH is a signal necessary for proper operation if
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your system contains any expansion cards that use dynamic memory. Cards which require this signal include:
EMS cards, laser printer direct video boards, caching
controller cards, and several other peripherals. Disabling
this line will improve bus throughput by between 1% and
3%. Go ahead and disable it if you need this small
performance increase, but be warned of compatibility
problems down the road.

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Drive Setup and Jumpering
TygicallDE Drive Installation
CSC's technical support department is constantly
asked: "What drive parameters should I use to install my
IDE drive?" All modem IDE drives use what is called
"automatic translation". This translation helps the drive
to match itself to the parameters you choose. For example, a 80-megabyte drive might have 6 heads, 17
sectors per track, and 1230 cylinders. This same drive
could be installed using a CMOS configuration of 12
heads, 17 sectors per track and 615 cylinders. Doubling
the number ofheads and halving the number ofcylinders
has no effect on the formatted capacity of the drive. The
drive automatically translates the "logical parameter" of
cylinder 0 head 6, sector 17 into the "physical" parameter
ofcylinder 1, head 3, sector 17. In fact, for DOS to access
the full capacity of a drive, it should be set-up with a
configuration of 1024 cylinders or less.
The system BIOS informs the imbedded drive
controller of the CMOS settings on power up, and the
drive then mimics this logical configuration.
This means you can choose any parameters for an
IDE drive as long as the CMOS settings do not exceed
the physical capacity of the drive. There are also a few
other practical limitations to the logical parameters you
choose. For reasons described in the next few chapters,
the maximum number of cylinders you should use is
1024. The maximum number of sectors per track is
limited to 63, and the number of heads should not exceed
64.
To select drive parameters for any IDE drive in the
drive list, simply choose a CMOS type with a formatted
capacity less than or equal to the drive you are using. If
you are using a system with a "user definable" drive type,
en!er the physical parameters of the drive from the drive
list. If the physical parameters exceed 1024 cylinders,
double the number of heads and halve the number of
cylinders.

HOT TIP

Some newer system board BIOS ROM's have ID
Scan programs built in! Selecting the correct CMOS
configuration parameters may be as easy as running the
"automatic configuration" utility in your ROM BIOS
setup program!
Once you CMOS is set correctly, proceed to the
DOS partitioning and high-level format instructions in
the following chapters. If you are using the drive for
Novell, a Compsurf may be necessary. Low-level formatting is not required or recommended for any IDE
drive.

IDE Drive Jumgering
Most IDE drives have one or more of the following
jumpers:
HOST SLV/ACT, CID, DSP, and ACT.
HSP, whenjumpered, grounds the HOST/SLAVEl
ACTIVE signal on the IDE interface. This signals
the system that a slave drive is present in a two drive
system. You need to add this jumper only if you
have two IDE drives installed.

CID is also sometimes labeled DS and is the drive
select jumper. This jumper is set on the master (i.e.
C:) drive and removed on the slave (i.e. D:) drive.
DSP should only be jumpered on the first drive (i.e.
C:) if two IDE drives are installed in the same
system. This jumper tells the master (i.e. C:) drive
that there is another drive present on the IDE cable.
The ACT jumper connects the -ACTIVE signal to
the -HOST SLV/ACT signal on the interface. This
signal is used to drive an external LED which
indicates drive activity. If the hard drive activity
LED doesn't work on your system, chances are you
need to add an ACT jumper.

If you have a copy of CSC's IDSCAN software,
ignore the drive tables and just boot from floppy. Run
IDSCAN and we'll take care of setting CMOS for you.
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DSO or DS1 Confusion
Drive selectjumpers are often a source ofconfusion
and frustration. It seems that some manufacturers label
their four drive-selectjumpers DSO, DS 1, DS2, and DS3.
Others label them DS 1, DS2, DS3, and DS4. We will use
the more common convention DSO, DS 1, DS2, and DS3
throughout this manual.

MFM, Rll, and ESDI Drive Jumpering
If you are installing a single MFM, RLL, or ESDI
drive in your system, choose DSO if your jumpers start
If your drives have
select pins
numbered:

DSO to DS3
DS1 to DS4

with DSO or choose DS 1 if your jumpers start with DS 1.
These are actually the same jumpers, just numbered
differently by the drive manufacturer. What you need in
a single drive MFM/RLL installation is the fITst available
drive-select jumper.
If you are installing a second MFM or RLL drive in
your system with a twisted cable, choose DS 1 if your
jumpers start with DSO or choose DS2 if your jumpers
start with DS 1. What you really want in this case is the
second drive select jumper.
Always connect drive C: to the last connector (after
the twist). Connect D: to the middle connector (before the
twist).
And you are installing:

1 Drive with a
flat cable

2 Drives with a
twisted cable

2 Drives with a
flat cable

Set C: to DSO

Set C: to DS1
Set D: to DS1

Set C: to DSO
Set D: to DS1

Set C: to DS1

Set C: to DS2
Set D: to DS2

Set C: to DS1
Set D: to DS2

Table B - MFM, RLL, and ESDI Drive Jumpering

SCSI Drive Jumpering
SCSI drive jumpering is an altogether different
story. SCSI drives usually use three jumpers for addressing. The eight possible on/off configurations of these
jumpers represent eight SCSI addresses. Normally these
jumpers follow a straight-forward binary sequence with
the lowest numbered jumper being the LSB. Check your
drive manual or the Connector Pinout section to be sure
before jumpering your SCSI drive.
SCSI drives usually have a jumper which selects
the source of terminator power. This jumper is important
if your controller or system does not supply terminator
power. In this case, you will need to jumper the .drive so
that terminator power is supplied from the drive.
Many SCSI drives also have a jumper for power up
spin. This jumper is changed to permit the system to
control spin-up of the drive. Many Seagate and Maxtor
drives also have jumpers which permit spin up delays
based on the SCSI ID jumper. Since each drive has a
different SCSI ID, this means that.each drive will spin up
at a different time. This option is provided because the
power requirements are much higher during spin-up than
it is when the drive is running. Many disk arrays and large
systems with multiple drives are set up to take advantage
of this option. Longer power supply life is the result.
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Hard Drive Bible

If you have an Adaptec™ controller, you will need
to set your boot drive to ID O. Your second drive should
be set to ID 1. If you want to use more than two drives
under DOS, you will need to load ASPI4DOS.SYS and
ASPIDISK in your CONFIG.SYS file. ASPIDISK will
also be necessary if you are running any protected mode
software. The driver installation process with these cards
can become quite involved.
If you are using a CSC FastCache™, you will need
to run FCSETUP when you first install your hard drive. or
when you make any changes to your SCSI hardware
configuration. Once you have run the setup program, NO
DRIVERS will be necessary for running up to 7 SCSI
hard drives under DOS. Erasable optical drives can also
be ron without drivers. No changes toyourCONFIG.SYS
are necessary, and you can set the card to boot from any
ID. Also, no drivers are needed for protected mode
programs (like Windows™ in 386 Enhanced Mode). Just
add an exclude statement to your memory manager so
that the memory range of the FastCache is left unchanged. Nice, huh?
Most other SCSI controllers such as the CSC AK47™ VESA SCSI-II board will scan the SCSI bus each
time the system is powered up, adding support for the
extended drives at that time.
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Drive Cabling
IDE Drive Cabling

Single Drives (MFM. RLL or ESDI) Cables

IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) interface disk
drives use a 40-pin interface cable. This cable connects
the drive logic (with imbedded controller) to a bus
adapter card. This adapter is usually called a "paddle
board". The paddle board buffers (amplifies) the signals
from the drive and provides enough power to drive the PC
bus.
Cabling an IDE drive is simple. Connect a 40-pin
flat cable from the drive to the controller, being careful to
observe pin 1orientation. Ifthe drive supports it, a second
IDE drive can usually be connected to the same cable. To
do so, jumper the boot drive in "master" mode, and
jumper the second drive as a "slave" as described in the
Drive Setup & Jumpering section. Since the IDE interface transfers data and control signals at full bus speed,
IDE cable lengths are critical. As a rule of thumb, try to
avoid using a cable longer than 18" in any IDE drive
installation.

Cabling a single drive MFM, RLL, or ESDI system
is easy. Use a standard 20-pin flat data cable and a 34-pin
control cable with no twist. A word of caution: watch out·
for pin one. Pin one is identified by a red stripe on one side
of the cable. This side of the cable must be connected
closest to pin one of both the drive and controller. Check
the controller card for a small number 1 or a square dot on
the silk screen near one edge of the connector. Pin 1 on
the drive is nearest a notch in the edge connector. Reversing the data cable can cause damage to the drive, controller, or both. The differential line drivers on the drive and
controller are easily damaged by reversed cables. If you
are not sure which is pin 1, check the manual, don't try to
guess!

What Are These Twisted Cables?
Why do many drive installations use twisted cables?
Simply because IBM used them in the first PC's. In an
effort to simplify installation, IBM decided to jumper all
of their hard and floppy drives on the second drive select.
This eliminated the need for technicians to jumper the
drives. The first floppy drive (A:) was connected to the
end of the cable (after the twist). The second floppy drive
(B:) was connected before the twist. The twist in the cable
simply flipped the first and second drive select lines so
that all drives could be jumpered identically.
The floppy and hard drive cables in a standard AT
look suspiciously similar. Be careful not to interchange
them. A significant number of installation problems are
a result of interchanged hard and floppy cables. Each
cable has a different twist, and they are often not marked.
If you are using twisted cables, make sure the floppy
drive cable has seven conductors twisted. A twisted cable
used with MFM or RLL hard drives must have only five
conductors in the twist. See the cable chart at the end of
this section.
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Multi Drive MFM and RLL Cabling
Three cables are required when installing two MFM
or RLL drives using one controller. Two flat 20-pin data
cables and one twisted 34-pin cable will be necessary.
The 34-pin control cable should have only the drive
select and ground pins twisted (5 conductors twisted). Set
both drives to the second drive select position (This
position is marked DS 1 or DS2 as described in the Drive
Setup & Jumpering section). Terminate the control cable
on the last drive only.

Termination
In MFM, RLL, and ESDI installations, terminating
resistors for the control signals should be installed only
in the drive located at the physical end of the control
cable. Terminating resistors should be installed at the end
of every data cable in these installations. Since most
drives come from the factory with terminators installed,
you will need to remove terminators in a dual drive
installation. See the SCSI installation section for more
information on SCSI termination.

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Multi Drive ESDI Cabling

SCSI Drive Cabling

Three cables are required when installing two ESDI
drives using one controller. Two flat 20-pin data cables
and one flat 34-pin cable with two drive connectors are
necessary. Set the first ESDI drive jumpers to drive select
O. Set the second drive to drive select 1. Terminate the
control cable on the last drive only.
A flat cable is required for applications with more
than two ESDI drives. If only two drives will be installed.
ESDI drives may also be cabled with a twisted 34-pin
cable in a manner identical to MFM cabling.
Although most ESDI controllers support only two
drives, the ESDI interface provides the ability to daisychain up to 8 drives. If you are installing more than two
ESDI drives, use a flat 34-pin cable and set the select
jumpers sequentially. A separate 20-pin data cable is
required for each drive.

Internal SCSI drives are connected to the controller
with a 50-pin ribbon cable. Be extremely careful to
observe the pin 1 location when connecting cables to
SCSI drives. Reversing SCSI cables on drives often
causes a loss of termination power which can result in
marginal data transfer or no transfer at all. Some external
SCSI drives are connected to the controller with a 25-pin
D-type connector, others use a 50-pin Amphenol connector.
The SCSI bus must have a total of 2 terminatorsno more and no less. If you are using the controller with
one internal hard disk, for example, termination will be
installed on the internal hard drive and on the controller
card. If you are installing one internal and one external
drive, the terminators must be removed from the controller card and installed on the internal and external drives.
Check the manual included with your SCSI drives and
controller board for terminator installation and removal.

Pin 1

Red Stripe

c: Drive

Pin 1

20-Pin Data Cable. 1 used for each MFM, RLL or ESDI Hard Drive.

Pin 1

Red Stripe

Pin 1

34-Pin Control Cable. Used for single drive MFM, RLL or ESDI systems.

C: Drive
Pin 1

Red Stripe

Pin 1

Pin 1

Dual Drive straight 34-Pin Control Cable. Used for MFM, RLL, or ESDI drives.
Note: When using this cable with 2 drives, one must be set to Drive Select 0 and the other for
Drive Select 1 (see Table B in previous chapter).
Figure 10a - Drive Cables
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Pin 1

Red Stripe

Pin 1

Pin 1

Drive D

Drive C

Dual Hard Drive twisted (5 wires) 34-Pin Control Cable. Used for MFM, RLL, and ESDI drives.
Note: When using this cable with 2 drives, both drives must be set to Drive Select 1

Pin 1

Red Stripe

Pin 1

Pin 1

Drive B

Drive A

Dual Floppy Drive twisted (7 wires) 34-Pin Cable. Used for one or two Floppy Drives
Note: Bothfloppy drives should be set to Drive Select 1.

Pin 1

Drive C

Red Stripe

Pin 1

Pin 1

Drive D

40-Pin IDE cable for one or two hard drives
Figure fOb - Drive Cables (continued)
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SCSI CABLE IDENTIFICATION

MAC Style DB-25 to Centronics Cable

Wide SCSI Cable and Mating Connector

Correct Enclosure Cabling for External Drives

SCSI-II Amp Style to Centronics Cable

PS/2 to Centronics SCSI Cable
Centronics to Centronics SCSI Cable
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Low-Level Formatting
Unlike floppy disks which are low-level formatted
at the same time as they are high-level formatted, all hard
disks are low-level formatted separately because of the
differences in the various types and styles of controller
cards, the encoding format and the interleave that can be
used with a hard drive.
If you decide to use a different controller card, or to
use a different interleave on the hard disk, it will have to
be low-level formatted again. Once the low-level format
is completed properly, it will not have to be done again
unless the controller card is replaced, the interleave is
changed, or there is a hard disk failure. Low-level formatting destroys all the data written on the hard disk. Be sure
to back-up all data before a hard disk is low-level or highlevel formatted.

What is DEBUG?
DEBUG is a program provided on the DOS disks
(DEBUG.COM) that is primarily used by programmers,service technicians or computer hacker nerds. The operation of DEBUG is described in detail in the DOS manual.
In order to use DEBUG for low-level formatting, only
two commands are generally necessary, the G (GO)
command, and the Q (QUIT) command. In the following
paragraphs, commands such as G=C800:5 will be used to
start the ROM based low-level formatting program stored
on the hard drive controller.
To start the program, insert a disk containing the
DEBUG.COM program into the floppy drive and type
DEBUG at the DOS prompt. When the DEBUG prompt
(-) is displayed type G= followed by the starting address
of the ROM based program (G=C800:5) for example.
This means go to ROM address C800:5 and run the
program contained in the ROM. After the program is
finished, it will usually return you to the DOS prompt (».
If the program returns you to the DEBUG prompt (-) type
Q to quit DEBUG and return to the DOS prompt.

What is CSCFMT?
CSCFMT is a low-level format utility supplied on
the enclosed diskette. CSCFMT works with all MFM and
© CSC 1994

most RLL, ESDI, and IDE drives. Low-level formatting
is the only way of changing the interleave of a hard drive.
CSCFMT is useful if you are installing a hard drive for
the first time, or if you need to change the interleave of an
installed drive to optimize its performance. For most
common DOS installations, CSCFMT is the only program you'll need in addition to DOS FDISK and FORMAT.

Warning: As with any low-level
format,CSCFMT will destroy all existing data.
Don't use CSCFMT unless you have a verified
backup of all data.

To low-level format, just type CSCFMT at the
DOS prompt. CSCFMT will ask for the interleave you
wish to use. Check the interleave information section for
the optimum value for your system configuration.

Choosing a Drive Type
Early IBM ATs only provided 14 (MFM) or so
drive types to choose from in the CMOS. The Middleaged AT's usually have up to 46 (based on the original
MFM) types. If you are installing an IDE drive and you
find a CMOS drive with a matching total drive capacity,
go ahead and use it.
Most new machines have a "User Definable" or
"Custom" drive type that can be created and saved in the
CMOS, thus providing a standard drive type. "User
Definable" drive types are used in most IDE drive installations.

IDE Drive Types
This idea of translation schemes bring us to the AT
or IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics) interface. These
drives are intelligent in that they will "mimic" other drive
geometries that equal or are very close to the same
number oflogical blocks. If a "custom" drive type option
is not available for an AT drive, simply pick one from the
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list of available choices that has the same number of total
megabytes.

NOTE: Translated LBA's are always less
than or equal to Native LBA's.
WARNING! All IDE drives are already
low-level formatted at the factory. Low-level
formatting an IDE drive could erase the factory
recorded defect tables. Defects on these drives
are usually mapped out using a factory bum-in
process, not through the interface.

ler BIOS after power-up.
A special note on ESDI and other drives that have
more than 1024 cylinders. Since DOS cannot access
cylinders above this limit, a translation scheme may be
elected in the controller's BIOS. As the total number of
Logical Blocks Available (LBA's) is defined as
CYLINDERS*HEADS*SECTORS PER TRACK, translations that equal the same number of logical blocks with
the cylinder count below the 1024 limit will be devised.
The controller BIOS will need to be ENABLED in order
to utilize translation schemes.

SCSI Drive Types
MFM Drive Types
Unlike the newer IDE drives, MFM drive configurations must match the drive geometry exactly!! If the
CMOS drive type table lists the exact geometry, great. If
not, then check to see if a "Custom" or "User Definable"
CMOS option is available.
The last resort is to choose a drive type match that
is close but not exceeding either the cylinder or head
values. This option will not usually provide the full
formatted capacity of the drive. An exact match in the
head count is definitely preferred when getting a "close"
match. When there is no direct match in the internal drive
type tables, a partitioning program may be needed to
provide a software driven translation solution in order to
achieve full capacity. Keep in mind that the drive will
format out only to the capacity of the chosen drive type
when not using third-party driver software. Also, some
AT 16-bit MFM controllers provide an onboard BIOS
which will allow the unique geometry of the drive to be
dynamically configured.

RLL and ESDI Drive Types
RLL and ESDI drives are usually not represented at
all in the internal drive tables, and consequently the
controllers for these drives need onboard a ROM BIOS
which either contains its own internal list of choices for
the geometry or else provides the ability to dynamically
configure (define) the controller to the specific geometry
of the drive. In the case of the ESDI interface, the
controller gets parameters directly from the drive with
the equivalent of a SCSI "Mode Sense" command. Most
RLL and ESDI controllers require that CMOS be set to
"Type 1". This setting is then overwritten by the control36

Hard Drive Bible

Almost all SCSI drives use DRIVE TYPE 0 or
NONE, as the host adapter BIOS and the drive communicate together to establish the drive geometry. The SCSI
controller "Scans" the SCSI bus shortly after power-up
and installs BIOS support for any attached SCSI devices.

Formatting MFM Drives
The first step in a low-level format ofan MFM drive
is correct CMOS setup. Check the drive geometry list for
the heads and cylinders configuration ofyour drive. Then
check your motherboard manual (or ROM based setup
program) for a CMOS drive type that matches your drive
geometry. If you find an exact match, set the CMOS to
that drive type number and skip the next paragraph.

Table Overrides
If your drive geometry does not match a CMOS
drive type, you will need to perform a CMOS type table
override. Use Speedstor or Disk Manager software to do
this. These programs add a software device driver to the
drive that overrides the CMOS drive type settings on
power-up, enabling you to use a drive not listed in your
setup program.
Check the Tune-Up section for the correct default
interleave for your system, then low-level format the
drive. If you have a late AMI BIOS, you may have lowlevel formatting routines built in ROM. If not, use either
the setup disk that came with your computer, CSCF11T,
IBM Diagnostics, Speedstor, or Disk Manager to lowlevel format.
Once the drive is low-level formatted, proceed to
the partitioning and high level formatting instructions in
the following sections.
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Formatting Rll Drives
Most 16-bit and all of the 8-bit RLL controllers we
have found have low-level formatting routines in ROM
firmware on the board. The default address segment for
XT controller boards is C800 hex. To find the starting
address, enter DEBUG and type U C800:3. The jump
instruction is usually found at C800:5 or C800:6. The
first two bytes of the ROM are a 55 and AA hex which
identify the BIOS ROM. The third byte represents the
length of the BIOS ROM in 512 byte blocks.
To format the drive, first select the correct CMOS
setup. Consult the manual that came with your RLL
controller for the correct setup value.
After setting CMOS, proceed to the low-level format. If you have a ROM based low-level formatting
routine available, use it. Otherwise, use CSCFMT,
Speedstor, or Disk Manager. Be sure to use the/SECS:26
option if you are using Speedstor.
When formatting lower capacity (i.e. 30MB) RLL
drives, be sure to enter the write precompensation cylinder correctly. Write precomp is important to these drives,
since RLL encoding leaves less margin for error. Write
precomp is handled automatically on almost all newer
drives.
Once the drive is low-level formatted, proceed to
the partitioning and high-level formatting procedures
described in the following sections.

Formatting ESDI Drives
All of the PC-bus ESDI controllers we have come
across have low-level formatting routines in ROM firmware. The formatting procedures for these drives vary
from controller to controller, so the best advice we can
give you here is follow the instructions that came with the
card.
In addition to the interleave, you may be asked if
you want to use sector sparing when you format. Sector
sparing reduces the number of available sectors per track
from 36 to 35 or from 54 to 53. This will reduce the
available formatted capacity ofyour drive. Choose sector
sparing only if your drive has a large defect map. Sector
sparing will allow the controller to remap defective
sectors to the spare sector on each track. This means that
your application will "see" less defects. Sparing will
reduce the capacity of your drive by 1/36th. If your drive
has a small error map, sector sparing won't gain you
© CSC 1994

much. If you are running an application that requires a
"Defect Free" drive, enable sector sparing to "Hide" the
drive's defects.
Many ESDI controllers may also ask you for head
and track sector skewing values. These values offset the
position of sectors relative to the index so that as the drive
steps from track to track and changes from head to head,
the next sequential sector is immediately available. To
calculate the optimum track skewing value, divide the
track-to-track seek time of your drive by 16.6ms. Then
multiply this number by the number of sectors per track
(rounding up). This will give you the optimum track
skewing value. Select 0 when asked for head skew.
You may notice that your large capacity ESDI drive
contains a large number offactory defects. Don't sweat it.
These defects are mapped by a factory analog tester that
is extremely sensitive compared to your controller. Most
of these defects could never be detected using your
controller. They are usually just small analog spikes or
dropouts that are corrected by the ECC on your controller. The factory maps these defects because they are the
most likely areas to cause problems as the drive wears
over time.
Once your ESDI drive is low-level formatted, proceed to the partitioning and high-level formatting procedures in the following sections.

Formatting SCSI Drives
Most SCSI controllers require that the CMOS setup
on X86 machines be set for "no drive installed". On
power up, the SCSI BIOS on the adapter card scans the
SCSI bus to detect attached devices. Once detected, these
devices are added to the list of available drives. Most
SCSI controllers support up to seven SCSI devices.
More than two drives usually require third party device
driver for use with DOS versions before 5.0.
Almost every SCSI controller includes a low-level
format program that is specific to that particular board.
The low-level format routines in programs like Speedstor
and Disk Manager don't usually work well with SCSI
controllers. This is because the controller card BIOS
does not translate an interrupt-13h format command into
a SCSI format command. In this case, you'll most likely
need to use the low-level format program that came with
the card.
Once the low-level format is completed, FDISK,
Speedstor, or Disk Manager can be used for partitioning
and high-level formatting.
Hard Drive Bible 37

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

NOTE: Several SCSI drives including

FDISK, Speedstor, or Disk Manager may be used for
partitioning and high-level formatting.

some made by Quantum will return almost
immediately from a SCSI low-level FORMAT
command. These drives report that they have
successfully completed a low-level format but
don't actually format the disk. A SCSI FORMAT (04h) command does not erase data on all
drives. In many cases, data written to the disk is
not erased until it is overwritten with a WRITE
command.

Low Level Formatting IDE Drives
Most IDE drives operate in two modes, "native"
and "translation". To use an IDE drive in native mode,
set CMOS to the actual number of heads and cylinders on
the drive, then proceed to partitioning and high-level
format.
If the IDE drive you are using has physical characteristics (i.e. heads, cylinders, and sectors/track) which
are not listed in your ROM BIOS, and you do not have a
BIOS which offers a user defined drive type, you will
need to use translation mode. Translation mode remaps
the drive's physical characteristics into characteristics
that match a common drive type. For example, most
40MB IDE drives offer a translation mode that matches
the physical characteristics of the early Seagate 251.
Since this type is included in almost all ROM BIOS drive
type tables, compatibility is improved.
Most new IDE drives automatically enable translation mode based on CMOS settings. Select a drive type
that is close to but does not exceed the megabyte capacity
of the drive. The drive will translate to the megabyte
capacity you have selected. Some older type IDE drives
require a jumper. Like SCSI drives, all IDE drives are
low-level formatted at the factory.
Caution: Unless you need to change interleaves, we don't recommend reformatting
your IDE drive. Imbeddedfactory defect maps
on older drives could be accidentally erased by
low-level formatting.

Once CMOS and translation mode is set correctly,
38

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SCSI Command Reference
READ CAPACITY
READ EXTENDED
READ LONG
REASSIGN BLOCKS
RELEASE
REQUEST SENSE
REZERO UNIT
SEEK
SEEK EXTENDED
START DIAGNOSTICS
START/STOP UNIT
TEST UNIT READY
VERIFY
WRITE
WRITE EXTENDED
WRITE LONG

When we asked CSC customers what they wanted
added to The Hard Drive Bible, the answer was unanimous. You asked for a complete SCSI command set
specification. Although printing the entire ANSI specification is beyond the scope of this book, this chapter
describes the most common SCSI commands and their
command blocks.
The following commands are supported by nearly
all SCSI drives:
COMMAND
FORMAT UNIT
INQUIRY
MODE SELECT
MODE SENSE
READ

OP CODE (HEX)
04
12
15
lA
08*

25
28*
3E*
07
17
03
01
OB
2B
ID
IB
00
2F
OA*
2A*
3F*

* Note: 99% of the active time on the SCSI bus is spent executing these commands. Most average systems
execute 8 or more read commands for each write command.

Format Unit
The FORMAT UNIT command ensures that
the media is formatted so that all initiator addressable
data blocks can be addressed. The medium will be
certified and control structures will be created for the
management of the medium and defects.
Note that successful completion ofa FORMAT
UNIT command does not necessarily mean that data
has been erased.

BIT
BYTE

7

The INQUIRY command requests that information regarding parameters of the target to be sent
to the initiator.

4

I

1 2 1 1 I0

3

Operation Code 04 H

iFmtDat ICmpLstl

LUN

1
2

Reserved

3

Interleave (MSB)

4

Interleave (LSB)

BIT
BYTE

I

VU

7

6

I

0

1

I5

I

4

I

I

3

Reserved

4

Allocation Length

I

I

2

I

1

I

0

H

Reserved

Reserved

VU

I Flag ILink

3

Operation Code 12
LUN

Defect List Format

Reserved

2

5
© CSC 1994

5

6

~O

5

Inquiry

I I I

Reserved

1Flag ILink
Hard Drive Bible 39

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Mode Select
The MODE SELECT command provides a
means for the initiator to change the drive's operating
parameters.

BIT
BYTE

I I I I I I I
6

7

5

0

1

I

LUN

I I I4 I I I
6

7

5

1

I

LUN

I

PCF

Hard Drive Bible

0

I

H

Reserved
Page Code

Allocation Length

I

VU

BIT
BYTE 7

I Flag ILink

Reserved

I I I I I I I
6

5

0

2

3

4

1

0

Operation Code 08 H

1

I

LUN

2

Logic Block Address (MSB)

Logic Block Address

3

Logic Block Address (LSB)

4

Transfer Length

5

BIT
BYTE

1

Reserved

5

40

2

3

Operation Code lA

0

4

The READ CAPACITY command provides a
means for the initiator to request information regarding the capacity of the drive.

I Flag ILink

Reserved

3

Read Capacity

ISP

Reserved

I

VU

2

The READ command requests that the drive
transfer data to the initiator.
Bit/Byte Definition:
Logical Block Address - Specifies the logical
block where the read operation will begin.
Transfer Length - Specifies the number of
contiguous logical blocks of data to transfer. A
transfer length of zero indicates that 256 logical
blocks will be transferred. Any other value indicates
the number of logical blocks that will be transferred.

H

Parameter List Length

5

Read

0

Reserved

4

The MODE SENSE command provides a
means for the drive to report its medium or peripheral
to the initiator. This command is a complementary
command to the MODE SELECT command.

1

2

Reserved

3

BIT
BYTE

3

Operation Code 15

2

Mode Sense

4

I

VU

7

I

5

6

0

I Flag ILink

Reserved

I I
4

3

I

2

I I
1

0

Operatin Code 25 H

1

LUN

I

2

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Reserved

8

VU

9

VU

IRelAdr

Reserved

Reserved
Reserved

PMI

IFlag

Link

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Read Extended
The READ EXTENDED command requests
that the drive transfer data to the initiator.
BitlByte Definition:
Logical Block Address - Specifies the logical
block where the read operation will begin.
Transfer Length - Specifies the number of
contiguous logical blocks of data to transfer. A
transfer length of zero indicates that 256 logical
blocks will be transferred. Any other value indicates
the number of logical blocks that will be transferred.

BIT
BYTE

7

The READ LONG command will transfer the
specified sector of data and ECC bytes to the initiator. The drive will not correct the data field or the
ECC bytes. This command is intended for diagnostic
purposes.
The number of bytes transferred to the initiator
wil be the sector size plus the mnumber of bytes
contained in the ECC field.

5

6

2

3

4

1

LUN

0

\RelAdr

Reserved

I

2

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Transfer Length (MSB)

8

Transfer Length (LSB)

BIT
BYTE

1

Operation Code 12H

0

I

VU

9

Read Long

I I I I I I I

7

I

I5

6

IFlag

Reserved

ILink

I4 I I I I
2

3

1

0

Operation Code 3E H

0
LUN

1
2

Reserved

I

IRelAdr

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address
Logical Block Address (LSB)

5
6

Reserved

7

Reserved

8

OIH

9

VU

I

Reserved

I Flag I Link

Reassign Blocks
The REASSIGN BLOCKS command requests
the drive to reassign the defective logical blocks to
an area on the drive's medium reserved for this
purpose
The initiator transfers a defect list that contains
the logical block addresses to be reassigned. The
drive will reassign the physical medium used for
each logical block address in the list. The data
contained in the logical blocks specified in the defect
list may be altered, but the data in all other logical
blocks on the medium will be preserved.
Specifying a logical block to be reassigned that
was previously reassigned will cause that block to be
reassigned again. Thus, over the life of the medium,
a logical block can be assigned to a multiple physical
addresses until no more spare locations remain.
©

esc 1994

BIT
BYTE

7

I6 I5 I4 I3 I

0

1

I

1

I0

Operation Code 07 H

I

LUN

Reserved

2

Reserved

3

Reserved

4

Reserved

5

2

VU

I

Reserved

IFlag

~ink

Hard Drive Bible 41

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Reassign Blocks Defect list
The REASSIGN BLOCKS defect list contains a four byte header followed by one or more
defect descriptors. The length ofeach defect descriptor is four bytes.
Defect List Length: Specifies the total length in
bytes ofthe defect descriptors that follow. The defect
list length is equal to four times the number of defect
descriptors.
The defect descriptor specifies a four byte
defect logical block address that contains the defect.
The defect descriptors must be in ascending order.
If the drive has insuffilcient capacity to reassigt:l all of the defective logical blocks, the command
will terminate with a CHECK CONDITION status
and the sense key set to MEDIUM ERROR. The
logical block address of the first logical block not
reassigned will be returned in the information bytes
of the sense data.

Release
The RELEASE command is used to release a
previously reserved drive. It is not an error for an
initiator to attempt to release a reservation that is not
currently active.

REASSIGN BLOCKS Defect List
BYTE

Defect List Header

0

Reserved

1

Reserved

2

Defect List Length (MSB)

3

Defect List Length (LSB)

BYTE

Defect Descriptor(s)

0

Defect Logical Block Address (MSB)

1

Defect Logical Block Address

2

Defect Logical Block Address

3

Defect Logical Block Address (LSB)

BIT
BYTE

7 I

I I I I
4

5

6

0

3

2

I

I

1

0

Operation Code 17H

1

13rd Pt~ Third Party Device

LUN

2

ml Extent

Reservation Identification

3

Reserved

4

Reserved

5

I

VU

I Flag I Link

Reserved

Requests Sense
The REQUESTS SENSE command requests
that the target transfer sense data to the initiator.
The sense data is valid for a CHECK CONDITION status returned on a prior command. The sense
data is preserved by the drive for the initiator receiving the CHECK CONDITION status until a REQUEST SENSE command or any other is issued to
the drive. Sense data will be cleared upon receipt of
any subsequent command to the drive from the
initiator receiving the CHECK CONDITION.
The REQUEST SENSE command will return
the CHECK CONDITION status only to report fatal
errors for this command. For example.
* The target receives a non-zero reserved bit
in the command descriptor block.
* An unrecovered parity error occurs on the
data bus.
* A target malfunction prevents the return of
sense data.
42

Hard Drive Bible

BIT
BYTE

7

I

6

I

0
1

I4 I

I I I

3

1

2

0

Operation Code 03H

I

LUN

2

Reserved

Reserved

3

Reserved

4

5

5

Allocation Length
VU

I

Reserved

I Flag ILink

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Rezero Unit
The REZERO UNIT command requests that
the drive position the actuator to cylinder zero.

BIT
BYTE

7

0

3

Reserved

4

Reserved

BIT
BYTE

I

VU

5

0

4

1

I Logical Block Address (MSB)

LUN

Logical Block Address (LSB)
Reserved

I

VU

7

I Flag I Link

Reserved

I I I I I I I
5

6

0

4

2

3

1

0

Operation Code 2BH

I

LUN

Reserved

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Reserved

8

Reserved

9

I

VU

BIT
7

IFlag ILink

Reserved

I I I I I I
6

5

0

4

2

3

1

r0

Operation Code IDH

I

LUN

I

Reserved SlfTest bey of I ~nil of I

2

Reserved

3

Parameter List Length (MSB)

4

Parameter List Length (LSB)

5

0

Operation Code OBH

2

© CSC 1994

2

3

3

1

0

I

Logical Block Address

BYTE

I

IFlag Link

2

BIT
BYTE

1

I

Reserved

6

1

The SEND DIAGNOSTIC command requests that the drive perform diagnostic tests on
itself. There are no additional parameters for this
command.

2

I

I I I I I I I

7

5

Send Diagnostic

3

Reserved

Reserved

4

The SEEK EXTENDED command requests
that the drive position itself to the specified logical
block.

I

I

LUN

1

Seek Extended

4

I

2

5

The SEEK command requests that the drive
position itself to the specified logical block.

5

Operation Code OlH

1

Seek

I

6

I

VU

I

Reserved

IFlag ILink
Hard Drive Bible 43

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Start/Stop Unit
The START/STOP UNIT command requests that the drive either start the spin motor and
position the read/write heads to cylinder zero or stop
the spin motor and position the read/write heads in
the landing zone.

BIT

BYTE

7

I I I4 I I I
5

6

0

I

LUN

1

Reserved

3

Reserved
Reserved

The TEST UNIT READY command provides a means to check if the drive is ready. This is
not a request for a self-test. If the drive will accept a
medium-access command without returning a
CHECK CONDITION status then this command
will return a GOOD status.

7

The VERIFY command requests that the drive
verify the data on the medium.

5

2

3

Reserved

4

Reserved

I

VU

7

I 6 I5 I4 I3 I

2

I0

I I
1

0

Operation Code 2FH
LUN

I

Reserved

2

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Verification Length (MSB)

8

Verification Length (LSB)
VU

7

I

Reserved

IBytChk IRelAdr

IFlag I Link

I 6 I5 I 4 I3 I 2 I 1

0
1

1

IFlag ILink

Reserved

0

BIT
BYTE

I

Link

Reserved

Reserved

I

0

Operation Code OAH

I

LUN

Logical Block Address (MSB)

Logical Block Address

3

Logical Block Address (LSB)

4

Transfer Length

5
Hard Drive Bible

3

I

2

44

4

2

9

The WRITE command requests that the drive
write the data transferred by the initiator to the
medium.

6

LUN

1

Write

I I I I I

Start

Operation Code OOH

1

BIT
BYTE

IFlag

Reserved

0

5

Verify

I

VU

5

Irnrned

Reserved

2

BIT
BYTE

0

1

Operation Code IBH

4

Test Unit Ready

2

3

VU

I

Reserved

IFlag ILink
©

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Write Extended
The WRITE EXTENDED command requests that the drive write the data transferred by the
initiator to the medium.

BIT
BYTE

7

I I I I
6

0

1

I

LUN

2

Reserved

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Transfer Length (MSB)

8

Transfer Length (LSB)

BIT
BYTE

I

VU

7

I

0

1

0

\RelAdr

IFlag 1Link

Reserved

Operation Code 3FH

1

I

LUN

Reserved

2

Logical Block Address (MSB)

3

Logical Block Address

4

Logical Block Address

5

Logical Block Address (LSB)

6

Reserved

7

Reserved

9

I I

I 5 I 4 I 3 I 2 I1 I0

6

8

© CSC 1994

I

Logical Block Address (MSB)

9

The WRITE LONG command will transfer a
sector of data and ECC bytes to the drive. The bytes
transferred to the drive are written in the data field
and the ECC bytes for the particular sector specified
in the logical block address. This command is intended for diagnostic purposes.
The number of bytes transferred to the drive
will be the sector size plus the number of bytes
contained in the ECC field.

3

Operation Code 2AH

2

Write Long

4

5

\RelAdI

OIH
VU

I

Reserved

IFlag ILink

Hard Drive Bible 45

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46

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

DOS Partitioning
DOS partitioning and high-level formatting can be
tricky. This may be done using DOS FORMAT and
FDISK or using a third-party program such as SpeedStor
or Disk Manager. Although these menu driven programs
are convenient, DOS and its included utilities are all
that's necessary. It's important to understand the following DOS partition constraints before beginning.

Old DOS Limitations
Versions ofMS DOS and PC DOS before 3.30 have
a 32MB storage limitation. There is no way to access over
32MB per physical drive without a device driver, if you
are using an old version of DOS. If you are stuck with
DOS 3.2 or earlier, you will need SpeedStor or Disk
Manager to fully utilize a drive larger than 32MB. The
best solution is to upgrade to 3.30 or later version.

The 32MB Barrier
Versions of MS DOS and PC DOS after 3.30 but
before 4.0 have a 32MB per partition barrier. Using these
DOS versions, you cannot access more than 32MB per
logical partition without using a third-party device driver.
Both Speedstor and Disk Manager provide a device
driver which can be installed in your CONFIG.SYS to
bypass this limitation. We recommend use of DOS 4.01
or later if you desire more than 32MB per partition.

The 1024 Cylinder Barrier
All versions of DOS have a 1024 cylinder limitation. This is becoming more and more of a problem as
larger capacity drives are introduced with more cylinders. To access more than 1024 cylinders, you will need
a device driver or a controller card that offers a "translate
mode". Some ESDI and most SCSI controllers (like the
esc FlashCache™64) offer translation mode.
Controllers which feature a translation mode will
logically remap a drive's physical parameters so that the
system "sees" less cylinders and more heads or sectors
per track. For example, an ESDI drive with 1224 cylinders, 15 heads, and 36 sectors per track might be mapped
into a configuration of 612 cylinders, 30 heads, and 36
sectors per track. The physical configuration of the drive
will remain the same, but the controller card will remap
© CSC 1994

the drive so that DOS will recognize the entire disk.
Translation mode is usually enabled during the
low-level format procedure. If your controller does not
support translation mode, the only way to bypass the
1024 cylinder limitation is with a device driver.
Once you have decided how you want to partition
the drive, use either Speedstor, Disk Manager, or FDISK
to do the work for you. Divide the disk into as many
partitions as you desire. After you have set the partitions,
you will have to reboot the system before any partition
changes are recognized. Be sure to mark the partition you
want to boot from as the ACTIVE partition. Then proceed to the high-level format procedure described in this
section.

Partition Compatibility
All versions ofDOS 5.0 and later have the ability to
access partitions created under older versions of DOS.
Most, but not all, older versions of DOS will access
partitions created under newer DOS versions. For example, a system booted under DOS 3.3 will recognize a
hard drive partition created under DOS 3.2, but not an
extended partition created under DOS 4.0. If you're
partitioning a drive with a later versions of DOS and
using partitions larger than 32MB in size, be aware that
you are limiting your compatibility with earlier versions
of DOS. If you plan to reformat a drive originally formatted with a late version of DOS, you must use the later
version of DOS FDISK to erase the existing partition.

HOT TIP

The 2000MB Partition Limit
DOS 6.X is currently limited to 2000MB per partition. In most cases, this is an adequate partition size.
Although software is available to bypass this limitation,
I don't recommend using it. If you can't partition your
data to fit in 2GB partitions, the best solution is another
operating system with a high performance file system
like OS/2™ or Windows NTTM. As partition sizes
increase, the efficiency of DOS decreases. DOS cluster
sizes are typically 8K or more in large partitions. Since
the minimum allocation size for each file is one cluster,
Hard Drive Bible 47

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

even small files (i.e. 1K) will require 8K of disk space per
file. If you have many small files, switching to a smaller
partition which decreases your cluster size will improve
efficiency.

DOS Format
DOS format (or high-level format) is simple. Use
the DOS format program with the /S option or use
FORMAT and SYS C: to initialize your bootable partition. If you are using a device driver, install it next and
reboot the system before formatting any remaining partitions.
You may also use Speedstor or Disk Manager for
high-level formatting. Be sure to copy COMMAND.COM
and invoke SYS C: to copy the DOS system to the active
partition after using these programs.
Congratulations! You are now ready to run. Proceed to the tune-up section for tips on optimizing your
software setup.

48

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Novell Compsurl
Novell's COMPSURF program is a tricky beast. It
is one of the most rigorous and intensive test programs
available. It's also a necessary prerequisite to installing
some versions of Novell Netware on a hard drive.
Compsurf was first written in 1984 when large capacity
drives were not as reliable as they are today. It uses an
intensive random and sequential read/write test to certify
the drive. Compsurf takes around one hour per 20MB of
disk space to run. After testing, Compsurf partitions the
drive for use with Novell, and writes a defect table to the
drive.
Before running COMPSURF, make sure you have
all the necessary software drivers. ELS level I or level II
Netware is designed to support IDE compatible drives
only. ELS Compsurf will only work with IDE, MFM,
RLL, or ESDI controllers that bear a close resemblance
to the original IBM-AT MFM controller. If you are
running Netware Lite, Advanced 286, SFT 286, or
Netware 386, you have more options. Drivers for SCSI,
ESDI, and SMD controllers are available for these versions of Netware. To use a Netware driver, you must
follow the Netware installation instructions to the letter,
and link the device driver with Compsurf. This will create
a custom formatting and testing program that will operate
with your controller.
If you are running a SCSI drive with Compsurf, be
sure to answer NO when Compsurf asks if you wish to
format the drive. Use the low-level formatting program
provided with the controller card instead. Compsurf
can't format SCSI drives because the SCSI interface only
supports a 'format drive' command, and the 'format
track' command is normally ignored by SCSI controllers.

a controller card BIOS that tests as well as the real
Compsurf. Our feelings are that the reliability demands
of most network users justify the time it takes to run the
real Compsurf.
To save time and effort, it's a good idea to ask your
drive dealer if he can Compsurfyour drive for you. Ifhe' s
reputable and confident in his product, this service should
be available at no extra charge.
Whatever you do, choose a well built, heavy duty
hard drive for your fileserver. Novell applications are
extremely disk intensive and demand a reliable disk.

NOTE: When running Compsurf on SCSI
drives, be sure to low-level format the drive first,
then answer NO to the following prompts:
FORMAT THE DRIVE: NO (Enter)
MAINTAIN DEFECT LIST: NO (Enter)
Many newer controllers offer a "watered down"
version ofCompsurfin ROM BIOS. We have yet to find
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 49

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50

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Choosing aHard Drive
and Controller
With so many different drives and controllers on
the market, where do you start? Begin with software
requirements. Narrow down your choices by eliminating
drive interfaces or controllers which are not compatible
with your software application. For example, an IDE
drive might not offer sufficient performance for your
network software, or the 528MB size limitation of standard IDE might be too small for your XENIX system. In
general IDE drives are the most compatible since nearly
all operating systems will run an IDE drive without
additional software drivers. In terms ofperformance and
flexibility, SCSI is always the best choice. Unfortunately, almost all advanced operating systems like
OS/2™ and Windows NTTMrequire software drivers for
full support of SCSI controllers. Check on the availability ofsoftware drivers for your applications before choosing SCSI.
Consider future expandability and upgradability.
SCSI controllers offer the most flexibility and
expandability in the long run. With a SCSI controller,
you can daisy-chain up to 7 devices, including SCSI hard
drives, CD-ROMs, erasable optical drives, DAT and
8mm SCSI tape drives from the same controller. If you
are upgrading an existing system with an ESDI controller
already installed, an ESDI drive may be the most economical choice. ESDI still offers decent performance
and compatibility, but a limited supply of drives make it
a good choice only for upgrading an existing system.
If you are building a new IBM compatible system,
you also have a choice of motherboard bus configurations. The most popular choices are ISA, EISA, VESA
(or VL-bus) and PCI. Each bus has its advantages and
limitations.
ISA refers to the original 16-bit bus which IBM
designed into the first 80286 based AT computers. The
IBM ISA specification strictly limited bus speed to
8MHz and set firm rules about bus timing. Newer
"clone" motherboards violate this specification and permit operation up to 16MHz. The ISA bus design is
capable of accommodating most hard drives and 110
cards without a bottleneck. Its main limitation is video.
With the advent of programs like Microsoft Windows™,
large amounts of data must be transferred quickly to the
© CSC 1994

video card as windows are opened, closed, and scrolled.
The original AT bus lacks the bandwidth for acceptable
video performance.
To solve this problem, a committee called the
Video Electronics Standards Association was formed.
The VESA local bus standard was established to improve
video performance while maintaining compatibility with
ISA bus peripherals.
VESA bus motherboards have two or three local
bus slots which are connected directly to the 32 bit bus of
the Intel compatible CPU chips. This permits up to three
VESA peripherals to operate at any speed up to the full
speed of the processor. The main problem with the
VESA bus design is bus loading. As VL-bus speed is
increased (VESA bus speed is linked directly to processor speed), the number of adapter cards which can be
used decreases. For example, most 50MHz VESA
motherboards will support only one or (maybe) two
cards.
Despite this limitation, The VESA bus is rapidly
gaining popularity due to it's low cost to manufacture.
Since the only two peripherals which can really take
advantage of this high speed bus are disk controllers and
video cards, the two or three slot limitation is normally
not an issue.
In an effort to solve this problem, many "clock
doubling" and "clock tripling" CPU chips like the Intel
80486DX2-66 have become popular. These chips operate the VESA bus at a lower speed (ie. 33MHz) and
perform calculations internally at a multiple of this speed
(ie. 66MHz). The VL-bus becomes more robust when
used in conjunction with this type ofCPU. A VESAIISA
motherboard with VL-bus disk and video controllers and
a clock doubling or tripling CPU is an excellent choice
for building a new system.
EISA is a 32 bit bus standard popularized in 1991.
This bus runs at 8MHz and is software configurable
(most EISA cards have no jumpers to set). This bus
offers two to four times the performance of the ISA bus,
but is slower than the VESA bus. EISA is a conservative,
reliable bus design that does not suffer from the two or
The main
three slot limitation of the VESA bus.
disadvantage of EISA is cost. EISA connectors, chip
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sets, and adapter boards are all more expensive than their
VESA counterparts.
Unless you have a specific need for more than
three fast 110 cards (there aren't many applications that
do), I would not recommend building a new system
around the EISA bus.
PCI is another high performance bus alternative.
PCI bus speeds blow past ISA and EISA and rival VESA
bus speeds, but PCI motherboards are more costly to
manufacture. At the time ofthis printing, the availability
and cost of PCI peripherals was also an issue. PCI does
not suffer from a limited number of supported slots as
VESA does. PCI boards are also autoconfiguring (an
advantage over VESA). As more PCI peripherals become available, and prices drop, the price/performance
ratio of PCI will make it a viable alternative to VESA.
Once you have selected a motherboard, it's time to
make sure the controller board you have in mind will be
compatible. The EISA bus is so strictly defined that we
have seen very few compatibility issues arise. ISA
compatibility problems usually occur only when the bus
speed is increased over 10MHz or the bus timing is
irregular.
With standard IDE controllers, bus speed is normally not an issue. With memory or 110 mapped SCSI
controllers, you will need sufficient address space in the
base 640K memory to support the footprint of the controller BIOS, and an available interrupt. Bus mastering
controllers of any type can be a nightmare. Bus on/off
times, and refresh release rates often need to be adjusted
to get things working. With a negligible performance
difference between bus mastering and memory mapped
controllers, you are best off steering clear of bus mastering controllers. ISA bus mastering controllers may also
have compatibility problems or performance limitations
in machines with more than 16MB of memory.
Our overall recommendations: A fast VESA or PCI
SCSI controller for new systems. Couple this controller
with the largest SCSI drive you can afford. If you are
interested in a small capacity drive and controller a small
IDE drive will offer the most for the money. Weigh your
storage and speed requirements. For Network server
applications, go with the fastest voice coil drive you can
afford. For workstations or light database applications, a
larger capacity drive with a slower access time and lower
cost may be preferable. In notebook and portable applications, insist on a drive with good shock tolerance.
When selecting a drive capacity be sure to think to the
future. It's better to start with a large capacity drive now
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than to replace the entire drive in the near future.
In summary, for most low capacity applications, we
recommend a small, inexpensive IDE drive with an
imbedded controller. For maximum software compatibility in sizes below 528MB standard IDE drives are a
good choice. For top performance and upward compatibility with the ability to daisy-chain additional peripherals, choose a SCSI drive and controller.

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3575

Fine Tuning
This section contains a few hints on how to get the
most out of your hard disk subsystem. There are several
ways of measuring disk performance. In the PC world,
the most common utility program for comparing hard
disks is CORETEST from Core International. Running
CORETEST on your drive yields a crude performance
rating based on the average seek time and data transfer
rate of the drive reported by the system BIOS.
If you do not specify any command line options
when running CORETEST, the program defaults to a
block size of 64KB. The performance rating you get
based on a 64K block size is only part of the picture.
Many common operating systems (including DOS) often
transfer data in blocks smaller than 64KB. To get an idea
of how your system performs with these smaller block
sizes, use the command CORETEST/B:xx where xx is
the size of the block you would like to test. Making a
graph of the performance ratings you get for different
block sizes gives a more complete picture.

CSC Test

HOT TIP

The two most important steps to a tuneup are
optimizing interleave and defragmenting files. The optimum interleave for your hard disk system is a function of
both the hardware and software in your system. Contrary
to popular opinion, 1: 1 is not the optimum interleave for
ALL applications. Ifthe controller you are using does not
feature a full track read-ahead cache (most older MFM,
RLL, and some imbedded controllers don't), selecting
the optimum interleave will make a significant difference
in data transfer rate.
After extensive testing, we have come up with the
following rules-of-thumb regarding interleaves for MFM
and RLL controllers:

Use 4:1 Interleave With:
Older 4.77MHz XT class machines.

Use 3:1 Interleave With:
Older XT class machines with DOS applications
Older 6MHz and 8MHz AT class machines
running.

Use 2:1 Interleave With:
CSC offers its own performance test program called
CSCTEST which is supplied on the enclosed diskette.
Since this program is larger than will fit on the disk in
uncompressed format, it is supplied in a self extracting
compressed archive format. To uncompress it, first
change to the directory on your hard drive where you
would like to install the test program. Once you are in that
directory, type A:CSCTEST, and the program will automatically unpack and transfer itselfto your hard disk. To
view the results, you will need an EGA, VGA, or Hercules compatible monitor.
CSCTEST gives an evaluation of system performance by accurately measuring the number of seeks per
second and 512 byte blocks transferred per second.
These ratings are combined to give an overall performance rating. This rating can then be compared with the
rankings of other popular systems.
There are several ways of increasing your system
performance by optimizing software setups and not changing hardware.
© CSC 1994

Older 10MHz to 16MHz 286/386 machines running DOS.

Use 1:1 Interleave With:
All 20MHz or faster 386 machines running
Netware
All 20MHz or faster 386 machines running
DOS
All newer 486 and Pentium machines.
It's interesting to note that a 20MHz 386 machine
running DOS can operate faster with a 2: 1 interleave
controller than a 1: 1. This is because many DOS applications can't operate fast enough to take advantage of the
1: 1 interleave. By the time the DOS application requests
the next sequential sector of disk data, the 1: 1 formatted
disk has already spun past that sector, and DOS must wait
for the disk to spin another revolution. Fortunately, ifyou
are building up a new system with a clock speed of
20MHz or faster, the choice is clear. Most modem clone
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boards with 8MRz I/O channels and fast CPU's work
best with 1: 1 interleave. If you are tuning up an older
system with a clock speed of 20MHz or less, 2: 1 interleave may be the optimum choice.
There is really only one way ofexactly determining
the actual optimum interleave for your system. Test it.
Popular programs like OPTUNE or SPINRITE let you
determine the optimum interleave based on hardware
considerations only. Unfortunately, these programs do
not take into account the software overhead that DOS and
other operating systems create. Format the drive with an
interleave value one sector larger than suggested by
SPINRITE or OPTUNE. Then load your applications
and make your own performance tests. Record the results
and then reformat with the interleave recommended by
the test program. If performance increases, you have
chosen the optimum interleave. If not, the software
overhead of your applications is causing the system to
operate better at the higher interleave.
Defragmenting files is the next step in increasing
system performance. As a disk is used over time, files
become fragmented. The simplest way to defragment
files is with a program like Central Point Software's
COMPRESS. Alternately, the files can be copied to
another drive and then restored. Defragmenting files will
significantly increase your system performance.

Buffers and FASTOPEN
Appropriate use of the DOS BUFFERS and
FASTOPEN commands will also improve system
throughput.
The DOS buffers command allocates a fixed amount
of memory which DOS uses to cache data while reading
and writing. As many buffers as possible should be
installed in yourCONFIG.SYS file. Each buffer will take
a total of 548 bytes of memory (512 bytes for data and 36
for pointers). If you have extended memory available,
use the IX option to store buffers in extended RAM and
keep your base 640k free and clear. If you are using a
caching controller, set the DOS buffers command as low
as possible for best performance.
The DOS FASTOPEN program tracks the locations of files on a disk for fast access. Access to files in
a complex directory structure can be time consuming. If
you run applications that use several files (such as dBASE,
Paradox, or other database programs), FASTOPEN
records the name and physical location on the drive.
When the file is reopened, access time is significantly
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reduced. Ifyou are using disk intensive programs without
FASTOPEN, your disk performance is suffering.
One of the nicest features of FASTOPEN is its
ability to use extended memory. For example adding the
lineFASTOPEN C: 100, 10/X to your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file would automatically make FASTOPEN load using
extended memory to track up to 100 files with aID entry
extent cache. Unfortunately, onceFASTOPEN is loaded,
its setup cannot be changed. To change FASTOPEN
settings, reboot the computer.

Cache Programs
Caching programs such as DOS SMARTDRV.SYS
dramatically improve disk system performance. Another
benefit of using a good caching program is extended
drive life. Drive life is based not only on the number of
power on hours (POR), but also on the number of seek
operations. Adding even a small RAM cache will prolong drive life significantly by reducing the number of
seeks necessary. If you are using DOS 5.0 or later, we
recommend you try the SMARTDRV.SYS program included with DOS. It offers good performance, particularly with expanded memory. You can improve drive
performance dramatically without buying extra soft\\iare
by adding SMARTDRV to your CONFIG.SYS file.
For a few dollars more, many excellent third-party
caching programs are available which offer improved
performance over SMARTDRV. Two of the best cache
programs we have found are PC-Cache from Central
Point Software and Speed Cache from Storage Dimensions. Both of these programs enable disk caching using
extended or expanded system memory. If you purchased
IBM DOS 6.1 or later, you received PC-Cache and a
degragmenting program free with DOS - smart buy. PCCache has an adjustable read-ahead feature which improves sequential access on large files.

HOT TIP
If you are running Unix, Database programs, or
other extremely disk intensive programs, the ultimate
solution (if you can afford it) is a caching controller card.
A caching controller can provide reduced data access
times, improve throughputs, and improve your hard
drive's life span. A quick Windows performance boost
can be had by moving the swap file. If this swap file is
located near frequently used data, performance will be
increased. If the swap file is moved to a separate drive,
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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3575

performance is even better. For DOS and Microsoft
Windows users, a caching controller frees system memory
for applications. Due to the large number of requests for
an inexpensive, high performance caching controllers,
CSC has designed the CSC FastCache™64 ISA SCSI
controller. We are now designing both caching and non
caching VESA VL-Bus and PCMCIA versions. A number of other Fast SCSI caching and non-caching controllers are available, and if disk 110 is a bottleneck, they are
all worth considering.
To sum up the fine tuning of your DOS hard drive,
perform the following five steps for better disk performance:
1. Find the optimum interleave
(Reformat if necessary)
2. Compress and defragment
3. Set buffers correctly
4. Install FASTOPEN
5. UseSMARTDRV,PC-CACHE,oranothercache
program if you do not have a caching controller.
6. Move swap files to a physical area near data
files, or to another drive.

HOT TIP

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Hardware Compatibility
Problems
Unfortunately, not all controller cards are compatible with all computers and not all disk drives work with
all controller cards.
Some of the major hardware compatibility problems we have come across are listed below.

SCSI Arbitration on Bus Scan
On power-up, a SCSI controller communicates
with the attached devices to determine if the device is
operating in synchronous or asynchronous mode. Many
SCSI controllers do not perform this arbitration process
correctly. This failure usually causes the system to hang.
The solution is an upgraded controller BIOS or a different controller/drive combination.

SCSI Command Set Issues
SCSI command set problems occur because SCSI
commands differ among device manufacturers. These
problems can usually be resolved with a firmware upgrade on the SCSI device or controller. Be sure to check
for command set compatibility before purchasing any
SCSI devices.
In some cases, after market products are available
to relieve SCSI compatibility problems. My personal
favorites for the Apple Macintosh include FWB' s
Silverlining and Spot On. Corel makes an excellent set
of SCSI disk drivers for ASPI compliant PC controllers.
Storage Dimension's Speedstor is a great integration
program for Sun platforms.

tended setup. Otherwise the only solution is a new
controller card.

ISA Bus 16-Bit Memory Transfers
This problem often occurs in older motherboards
that use discrete chip sets. On the AT bus, a signal called
MEM 16 must be asserted by the bus devices in order to
initiate a 16-bit data transfer. This signal must be available almost immediately, or the system may default to 8bit transfer. Many of the cheaper clone motherboards do
not provide valid address signals in time to decode this
signal. If the address signals are not presented in time, it
is impossible to perform a 16-bit transfer. This causes
problems with many 16-bitcards that use memory mapped
110, such as the WD7000 and DTC3280 SCSI controllers. Older DTK motherboards are notorious in this
regard. The solution is to switch to an 8-bit card and
suffer a slight loss of performance. If this is not acceptable, the only solution is upgrading to a higher quality
motherboard.

ESDI Defect Tables
Many older style controller cards have problems
reading the defect tables from some ESDI drives. This is
due to the way the defect table is recorded on the drive.
The solution is upgrading to a newer style card or
rewriting the defect table using a factory analog type
drive tester.

VESA VL-Bus Loading Problems
ISA Bus 1/0 Channel Ready Timing
Slow devices connected to the AT bus must assert
a signal called 110 CHANNEL READY to force the
motherboard to wait for data. Many faster motherboards
do not conform to the original IBM AT bus timing specs.
Because they don't, a controller card requesting a wait
state delay using this line may not operate correctly. If
you have a Chips & Technology based motherboard, this
can be corrected by adding a bus wait state using ex© CSC 1994

The VESA VL-Bus specification supports two cards
at a 33MHz bus speed, and only one card at 40MHz or
50MHz bus speeds. Depending on the quality of their
design and construction, some motherboards may exceed these specifications. There's really no way to
correct a VESA bus loading problem other than lowering
the bus speed or removing one card. A clock doubling
CPU (i.e. the Intel 486DX2-66) may be the solution in
some cases.
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HOT TIP

IDE Drive Master/Slave Compatibility
When mixing different manufacturers of IDE
drives on the same cable, compatibility problems may
occur. This is caused by timing incompatibilities and
because some drives use IDE pins for different purposes
(Le. spindle sync). If you encounter a dual drive IDE
situation where only one drive works, try reversing the
Master/Slave jumpers on both drives to switch their
positions in the system.

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Common Installation Problems
The common installation problems below account
for 90% ofthe technical support calls at CSC. Steer clear
of trouble by learning about these issues.

Handle Hard Drives Like Eggs!
Hard drives are extremely fragile. Dropping, bumping, or jarring a hard drive can cause permanent damage.
Always use a manufacturer approved shipping carton if
you need to transport the drive outside of the system.
Never transport an optical drive with the media inserted.
Rough handling accounts for more drive failures than all
other factors combined.

differences between physical and translated IDE parameters. You must to set CMOS to the translated parameters.
Most ESDI drives use an IBM standard type 1
CMOS setup. This corresponds to a standard 10MB
drive. Upon power-up, the BIOS on the ESDI card
overrides this drive type. Most SCSI controllers operate
with CMOS set to 0 (no drive installed). Double check
your controller manual for the correct CMOS setup
value. Programs that use drive table overrides for MFM
and RLL drives normally use the closest match in the
ROM type table with an identical number of heads.

Hardware Conflicts
11\."
rTALLATION
." ..'II,.CAUTION!

Reversed Cables!
Most drive cables are not keyed - they can easily be
installed backwards. Reversed cables account for a large
number of hard drive electronic failures.
Reversing a SCSI cable will cause the terminator
power line to be grounded. This usually blows a fuse or
fusable link on either the drive or controller. Without
terminator power, SCSI data transfer will be unreliable.
Make certain all cables are oriented correctly before
applying power. If you reverse a SCSI cable, you may
need to replace the fuse, or return the drive for service.
Line drivers on either the controller, drive, or both can
easily be damaged if cables are reversed. If you are
unsure, don't guess - check the documentation or call the
manufacturer!

Twisted Cables
Refer to the Drive Cabling section to ensure the
proper twisted cable is used when installing multiple
Floppy, MFM, RLL, or ESDI drives.

Hardware conflicts can occur if the controller card
conflicts with the interrupt, DMA, I/O address or ROM
address of other cards in the system. These conflicts are
often difficult to debug. To be sure, check the manuals for
ALL of the other boards installed in the system before
jumpering the controller card.

Defect Locking
It's important to enter and lock the defect table on
all MFM, RLL, and ESDI drives. If these defects are not
entered, long term reliability will suffer. IDE and SCSI
drives automatically lock out drive defects.

ISA Bus Extended Setup
Be sure to set the following extended setup parameters per your controller card manufacturer's recommendation:
BUS CLOCK SPEED
- Usually 8-12 MHz.
16-BIT BUS WAIT STATES
- Usually 1 or 2 wait states.
AT CLOCK STRETCH
- Usually enabled.

CMOS Setup
Be sure to read the chapter which describes the
©

esc 1994

Improper extended setup settings may cause erratic
controller operation.
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Keep Optical Drives Clean and Cool!
Optical drives must be kept clean, cool and dust free
for reliable long term operation. If an optical drive is
installed without a proper flow of cool, clean air, long
term reliability will suffer. When internal optics become
contaminated by dust, error rates rise significantly. When
temperatures increase, MlO drives will not operate reliably. Most "clone" cases do not provide a proper environment for optical drives. Most optical drives work best
installed in external enclosures with proper fans and
filters. Clean fan filters regularly. Use cleaning disks
regularly on CD-ROM drives. Purchase a cleaning kit for
your erasable media.

SCSI Parity Jumpers
Most SCSI drives are shipped from the factory with
parity enabled. PC applications sometimes require that
parity be disabled by moving a jumper.

SCSIID and Termination
95% or the problems we have seen with SCSI
installations are due to improper ID settings and termination errors. Please read the section on SCSI cabling
instructions and the termination and ID warnings before
installing your SCSI peripherals. All SCSI installations
require a total of two terminators - no more and no less.
This includes the terminators which may be installed on
the controller card or host adapter.

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Troubleshooting
The following paragraphs list some of the more
common problems encountered in drive installation.
They are intended for quick troubleshooting reference. If
you are receiving an unfamiliar error message, check the
Common Error Messages listings later in this chapter.

Bus Mastering Compatibility
Bus Mastering cards usually havejumpers for DMA
channels, hardware interrupt levels, and bus on/off time.
Check these jumpers first when installing a bus mastering controller. As described in the installation section,
each controller must have its own interrupt level and
DMA channel. If you intend to use DOS programs like
Windows in 386 enhanced mode that use the protected
mode ofthe 386/486 processor with a bus mastering card,
you will need a software driver.
Even when they are correctly installed, bus mastering controllers sometimes experience motherboard hardware compatibility problems. If you have trouble getting
a bus mastering controller to run with your motherboard,
ask the controller manufacturer if your motherboard has
been approved for compatibility.

programs like SpeedStor or Disk Manager can be used to
override the CMOS table.

ESDI and SCSI Controller Drive Types
All PC SCSI controllers require that CMOS be set
to NO DRIVES installed. The only exception to this rule
is if an IDE, MFM, or ESDI drive is installed and coexists
in the same system as the SCSI controller. If this is the
case, set CMOS to the drive type used by the IDE, MFM,
or ESDI drive only. Leave additional drive types set to
"not installed" . SCSI controllers interrogate the SCSI bus
and add drive types when the system is first powered up.
Nearly all ESDI controllers require that CMOS be
set to 'type 1'. These ESDI cards use an on board BIOS
which automatically overrides the CMOS setting on
power-up. The few ESDI controllers which don't use a
BIOS ROM require that the CMOS type exactly match
the physical parameters of the drive. These cards can
only be used in systems that have a 'type 47' or userdefinable CMOS table or in conjunction with a program
like SpeedStor or DiskManager.

Compsurf Failure
CMOS Drive Type Tables
Matching CMOS tables for IDE Drives
If you are having problems installing a drive which
is not listed in your CMOS drive type table, remember
that the CMOS type does not need to exactly match the
physical parameters of the drive. Modem IDE drives
automatically 'translate' to match the physical parameters of the drive to match the logical parameters you
select in CMOS. That's why there are two sets of
parameters listed in the drive parameters section. Selecting any CMOS drive type which has an identical or lesser
formatted capacity than the capacity of the drive will
work. IDE translation modes are also used to bypass the
DOS 1024 cylinder limitation (see the IDE installation
section for more information). If you are installing a high
capacity IDE drive in an older system that doesn't have
any high capacity drives listed in the CMOS type table,
© CSC 1994

Early versions of Novell Netware build the file
server operating system during installation by linking a
series of object files together to form the Netware 'kernel'. Most installation problems with Netware result
from incorrectly installed drivers. The Netware installation process is detailed and complicated. Follow the
installation instructions exactly to avoid link problems.
If you are running IDE drives with early versions of
Netware, be sure to enable translation to keep the logical
number ofcylinders below 1024. Early versions ofNovell
will truncate any additional cylinders.
Watch for potential conflicts between interrupts.
Most SCSI cards use IRQ14 or IRQI5, and several
network cards use them as well. Under Novell, each card
must have its own interrupt level. DOS does not require
interrupts, and many SCSI cards do not provide them in
the default configurations. Ifyour SCSI controller works
under DOS, but not Netware, check the interrupts.
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In Netware 386, the drivers are composed of
'NLM's' or Netware Loadable Modules. NLM's are
loaded after the file server is up and running. If a driver
is not properly configured for Netware 386, the file server
will often 'lock up' when the driver is loaded. If this
happens, check the software installation and make sure
the driver configuration matches your hardware.

DOS Partitioning
The 1024 cylinder barrier is the most common
cause of DOS partitioning problems. Most versions of
DOS only support 1024 cylinders. To keep the number of
cylinders seen by DOS under 1024, do one of the following:

If you are using an IDE drive, enable
translation and increase the number of heads of
sectors per track to reduce the cylinder count.
If you are using an ESDI drive, enable the
"63 sector" or "head mapping" mode to enable
controller translation.
If you don't have translation available, the
only way to access cylinders above 1024 is by
making a boot partition within the first 1024
cylinders, and loading an extended partition
driver from within the boot partition.

The 32 Megabyte partition barrier can also be a
problem with old versions ofDOS . Versions ofMS-DOS
earlier than 3.3 and Compaq DOS earlier than 3.21 lack
the ability to access partitions larger than 32 megabytes.
To bypass this, a driver like SpeedStor or Disk Manager
is required. The driver file must be installed in
CONFIG.SYS before the any extended partitions can be
accessed.

DOS 2.0GB Limit
Yes, there is a partition size limit under DOS. It is
2048MB per partition. If this becomes an issue, consider
a different operating system like Windows NTtm or OS/
2' s high performance file system. Although DOS could
theorically be made to work on larger drives, it's not a
great idea. The efficiency of DOS when storing small
files on large drives is poor because the DOS cluster size
increases as drive's capacity increases.
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Drive Selects
Many manufacturers label the drive select jumpers
on drives like this: 0,1,2,3. Others label the same select
jumpers 1,2,3,4. The correct jumper depends on the
position of the drive in the system, the type of cable you
are using, and the way the jumpers are labeled. See the
Installation section for more details.

Drive Won't Spin
This is frequently caused by reversed cables in
SCSI and IDE installations. Check pin 1 orientation and
don't forget to plug a system power cable into the drive!
"No-spins" are also often caused by a power problem
(see below).

ED Floppy Support
Most existing PC controllers do not yet support the
new IBM standard 2.88MB floppy drives. Although
many manufacturers advertise the floppy controller section of their boards as "supports IMHz data rate", the
new 2.88 drives use perpendicular recording which requires special write gate timing. Many controllers which
support IMHz data transfer rates only operate at the
higher rate with "floppy tape" drives. If you are having
problems with an ED drive with a "IMHz" floppy
controller, consult the controller manufacturer to make
sure the board you have is 2.88 compatible.

ESDI Sector Sparing
Many ESDI controllers offer optional "sector sparing". Sector sparing should be enabled if the drive has
any significant number of defects or if the operating
system you are using can not tolerate defects. Sector
sparing reduces the formatted capacity ofthe drive slightly
but increases the overall reliability significantly. When
sector sparing is enabled, the controller can reallocate
defects "on the fly". Use sector sparing when ever possible.

IDE Cabling
Since IDE cables carry data at full motherboard bus
bandwidth, they must be kept as short as possible. Cables
over 18" can cause problems in most installations. The
shorter the better.
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IDE Master/Slave
Unfortunately, not all IDE drives are created equally.
Many IDE drives will not peacefully coexist in the
Master/Slave configuration with drives from other manufacturers. See the hardware compatibility section for
advice.

Incorrect Drive Parameters
If you are having problems with an IDE, SCSI or
ESDI drive installation, make sure that the CMOS settings exactly match your drive's physical or logical
parameters. Some ESDI controllers reserve one cylinder
of the drive for storing configuration information.

only available from the controller manufacturer. An
exception to this are CSC's AK-47 and FC-64 boards
which support 7 SCSI and 4 floppy drives without any
drivers.

No BIOS sign-on banner
This is one of the most common installation problems. Check to see that your controller card BIOS does
not overlap the memory areas used by other cards. In
particular, watch for VGA and network cards. If you still
don't get a banner, check extended setup and make sure
that the shadow RAM is disabled in the address range
occupied by the controller BIOS.

Partition can't be removed
Interrupts and DMA channels
Most controllers running under DOS do not require
interrupts. All UNIX and Novell applications require
controller interrupts for acceptable performance. If you
suspect an interrupt or DMA channel conflict, check the
hardware reference manuals for your installed hardware.
The most common controller conflicts seem to be with
network cards and scanner interface boards.

Long Boot Time
Most SCSI controllers must scan the bus and "interrogate" each SCSI device before booting. This process is
long and tedious but occurs only on initial power-up or
hardware reset. There is really no way around this with
most controllers.

Long Format Time
Depending on the drive and system, a high level
format may take up to 15 seconds per cylinder. When the
drive steps between cylinders, an audible "click" can
usually be heard. If the drive is stepping, be patient and
wait for the format to complete. If you are attempting to
format an MFM, RLL, or ESDI drive and the drive isn't
stepping, check for a reversed 20 pin cable.

If a drive is formatted with a 'non-dos' partition,
FDISK will not delete it. The only solution is to erase the
partition sector with a sector editor or low-level format.
Older versions of DOS (i.e. 3.3) will not delete the larger
partitions used by newer versions of DOS (i.e. 6.0). Later
versions of DOS (i.e. DOS 6.0) will delete partitions
created in earlier (i.e. DOS 3.3) versions ofDOS. If a low
level format is not in order, a program called "Bootwipe"
is available from the CSC BBS at (408) 737-1823 to
correct this.

Power Supply
Power supply problems frequently crop up in new
drive installations. Most hard disk drives require 5 volts
+5% and 12 volts +5% at the drive connector. The power
supplied to the drive must be clean and well regulated.
All modern hard drives include circuitry which monitors
the power supply voltages and shuts down the write
circuitry if the input power is too far out of range. Many
drives won't even spin up if the power supply is too far
off. If you suspect a power supply problem, check the
voltages at the drive power supply connector while the
drive spins up to speed and seeks.

+'I~NSTALLATIDN

~CAUTIDN!

Multiple Drive Support Under DOS

SCSI Cabling

Most controllers support only 2 hard drives under
DOS. To support additional drives, a software driver is
required. If a driver for more drives exists, it is normally

SCSI cables MUST be shielded for reliable operation. Many newer SCSI cables have individually twisted
pairs for each signal line. If you can afford it, buy the

© CSC 1994

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63

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better quality twisted pair variety. Avoid completely
unshielded SCSI cables at any cost.

M.,
. , . .1...1In'ALLATION
CAUTION!

SCSIID's

Thermal Problems

Each device installed on the SCSI bus must have a
unique and separate ID number. Most SCSI controllers
use ID #7, leaving the ID numbers between 0 and 6
available for disk drives. For reasons unknown, some PC
based tape drive software requires ID#7. If you have
multiple DASD drives installed, most PC controllers will
scan and boot from the lowest SCSI ID number. Exceptions to this are the Adaptec 1540 series which only boots
from ID#O and the CSC FlashCache™64 which can be
programmed to boot from any device.

Thermal problems are common in multiple hard
drive installations and in situations where a hard or
optical drive is not adequately cooled. Drives are mechanical devices and heat is their worst enemy. As
temperatures increase in a drive, the motor and bearings
are subject to increased wear. Always make sure a hard
drive has a continuous flow of cooling air and adequate
ventilation around it.

SCSI Termination

Twisted floppy and hard drive ribbon cables look
suspiciously similar. Floppy cables have seven twisted
conductors, and hard drive cables have five. Check the
diagram in the previous chapter for a quick identification.

A SCSI bus must be terminated at each physical end
of the SCSI chain. Only two terminators per bus can be
used. The devices at the physical ends of the cable must
have terminators. All other devices on the SCSI chain
(including the controller ifit is not at the end ofthe chain)
must have their terminators removed. If you are using
external and internal SCSI devices on a PC controller,
remove the terminators from the controller card.

Shadow RAM
System memory should not be used to shadow
controllers which are memory mapped. Controllers which
are I/O mapped (i.e. ESDI cards) should be shadowed.
System ROM should always be shadowed for performance.

Won't Boot m..o.s1
If your system has been formatted and won't boot
DOS, check to see that the boot partition has been marked
active in FDISK. Also make sure that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that
COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of
the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but
suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus.

Won't Boot (ESDI)

Improper BIOS base address (see above)

For new ESDI installations, make sure that translation and sparing modes have been set correctly. Also
make sure that the system (hidden) files have been
correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is
present and matches the version of the hidden files. If
your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped,
scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make
sure the boot partition is marked active.

Interrupt conflicts (see above)

Won't Boot (IDE)

Bus compatibility jumper (try it both ways)

If you can use your IDE drive when booting from
floppy but are unable to boot directly from the hard drive,
check to see if your IDE drive requires "buffered interrupts". Ifit does, you may need to change ajumper on the
controller card. Also make sure that the system (hidden)

System Hangs On Power Up
The following are common installation errors which
cause the system to hang on power up:

Reversed SCSI Cable (causes termination power
short circuit)
64

Twisted Data Cables

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files have been correctly transferred and that
COMMAND.COM is present and matches the version of
the hidden files. If your system was booting correctly but
suddenly stopped, scan the boot sector for a virus. Check
FDISK and make sure the boot partition is marked active.
Verify that the Master/Slave jumpers are correct. Ifyour
drive was booting on an older motherboard, but won't
boot on a new one, check to see that the CMOS settings
are identical.

Won't Boot (SCSI}
Check for unshielded cables and termination (described above). If you are using a hard drive that has a
SCSI mode jumper, try it set both ways. Also make sure
that the system (hidden) files have been correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is present and matches
the version of the hidden files. If your system was
booting correctly but suddenly stopped, scan the boot
sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make sure the boot
partition is marked active.

COMMON ERROR MESSAGES
1790/1791 Errors
1790 is the most common error message encountered in drive installations. A 1790 error will result when
a controller has been installed, but the attached drive is
not formatted. 1791 is the same message but refers to the
second hard drive.

Attempting to recover allocation unit XXX
This message appears in high level format when
DOS detects a data verification error. If you are using an
IDE or SCSI drive, you shouldn't see this message since
the drive's embedded controller should mask out most
errors before DOS is aware of them. If you see this
message in an IDE or SCSI installation, check for a
hardware installation problem. If you see this message in
an ESDI installation, make sure the controller is able to
read the drive's defect map, and be sure you have enabled
sector sparing.

c: Drive Failure or Drive C: Error

a "not-ready" error from the disk subsystem or an
unformatted drive. Check cabling and master/slave
jumpers on new installations.

Error Reading Fixed Disk
If you have successfully low-level formatted your
drive and you encounter this message from FDISK, the
system is unable to verify the partition sector. This is
usually caused by a hardware problem, typically cabling
or termination.

HOD Controller Failure
This message is usually caused by incorrect hardware installation. Check cabling, jumpers and termination. This message will appear if you install a SCSI
controller without setting CMOS to "no drive installed".
You will also get this message if you have an IDE drive
set for slave operation and there is no master drive in the
system.

Insert Disk For Drive C:
This message is caused by incorrect software driver
installation. This can happen when DRIVER.SYS is
used to add extended floppy drives and the command line
switches are incorrect. It also appears when extended
partition driver software is incorrectly installed.

Invalid Media Type
You have probably seen this message when formatting floppy disks ofthe wrong density. It is also generated
on hard disks when newer versions of DOS utilities are
used on older DOS partitions. For example, a DOS 6.0
CHKDSK of a DOS 3.2 disk causes it. Avoid mixing
DOS versions.

No Fixed Disk Present
This message is produced by FDISK when it is
unable to locate a drive through BIOS. Check hardware
installation, particularly cabling, termination, and BIOS
base address.

No Partitions Defined
This is a generic error message produced by the
motherboard BIOS on power-up. It is usually caused by
© CSC 1994

This FDISK message is normal for a disk which has
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just been formatted. Be sure to set the bootable partition
to "active" after creating it with FDISK.

see if your IDE drive requires "buffered interrupts". Ifit
does, you may need to change a jumper on the controller
card.

No ROM Basic
The motherboard BIOS displays this message when
it is unable to locate a boot device. In IDE or ESDI
installations, this message is usually caused by an incorrect CMOS drive type setting. Most SCSI controllers
require CMOS be set to "No drive Installed" or type O. If
this error appears in a SCSI isntallation, check cabling,
termination, and the partition sector using FDISK. Most
ESDI controllers require that CMOS be set to type 1 for
each drive installed. If this message occurs in an ESDI
installation, CMOS may be accidently set to zero. Also
make sure that the system (hidden) files have been
correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is
present and matches the version of the hidden files. If
your system was booting correctly but suddenly stopped,
scan the boot sector for a virus. Check FDISK and make
sure the boot partition is marked active.

Non System Disk or Disk Error
Make sure that the system (hidden) files have been
correctly transferred and that COMMAND.COM is
present and matches the version of the hidden files.
Check termination in SCSI installations.

No SCSI Devices Found
If no SCSI devices appear in the bus scan, check
SCSI cabling, termination, and make sure that no two
SCSI devices are sharing the same ID number. Make
sure that no devices are using ID #7. ID#7 is generally
reserved for the SCSI controller card.

Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable
This fatal data error often indicates a bad drive,
although it can also be caused by improper termination.

Unable to Access Fixed Disk
This FDISK message is caused by an error reported
by BIOS during an attempt to read the drive. Check
termination and cabling. When booting from floppy but
are unable to boot directly from the hard drive, check to
66

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DniversallDE Parameters
All newer IDE drives will accept any CMOS parameters which result in a total number ofLogical Blocks
(LBA' s) which are equal to or less than the capacity ofthe
drive. You can calculate any IDE drive's maximum
LBA's by taking the total capacity of the drive and
dividing it by 512. As long as the product of heads,
cylinders, and sectors per track are less than the number
LBA's, and within the range of the BIOS, your parameters will work. If you don't know what the manufactur-

ers recommended parameters are, or if you don't have the
time or inclination to calculate them, feel free to use the
table below.
Note that the location ofthe DOS partition sector on
a drive is determined by the sectors per track used to
format the drive. If you are moving a drive from one
system to another, you will need to match the number of
sectors per track originally used to format the drive in
order for DOS to recognize all the partitions on the drive.

Formatted Capacity

No. of Heads

No. of Cylinders

No of SectorslTrack

10
15
20
30
40
42
60
80
84
100
105
120
170
200
210
213
240
252
300
320
330
340
380
400
420
450
528

4
4
4
4
6
6
8
10
10
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

306
430
614
862
766
804
862
919
965
718
754
862
329
388
407
413
465
488
581

17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
63
63
63
63
63
63
63

16

620

63

16
16
16
16
16
16
16

639
659
736
775
814
872
1024

63
63
63
63
63
63
63

Universal IDE Parameters
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Macintosh Drive Installation
No hard drive technical manual would be complete
without instructions for drive installation on the Apple
Macintosh™. Internal and external SCSI drives are
relatively easy to connect to the Mac, provided you pay
proper attention to cabling, termination, SCSI ID, and
driver installation.
As described in earlier chapters, the SCSI bus uses
"daisy chain" cabling with dual ended termination. This
means that each device must be connected in series using
a continuous ribbon cable or a series of "daisy chained"
external SCSI cables.
The Macintosh uses a DB-25 connector as its
external SCSI port. Most computer stores offer cables
which connect the Macintosh to Centronics 50-pin and
other industry standard connectors. If you are unable to
locate the cable you need locally, CSC can supply you
with good quality cables at a reasonable price. Avoid
using "T" type cables for SCSI connections. These cables
cause noise and ringing which can result in unreliable
operation.
Correct termination is critical for any SCSI installation. Every SCSI installation must use a total of two
terminating resistors, no more and no less. A Macintosh
with one internal hard drive usually has two internal
terminators. To add an external SCSI drive or other SCSI
device, frrst remove the terminator from the Macintosh
internal hard drive and then add a terminator to the last
device installed at the end of the external SCSI cable. If
several devices are installed, connect the terminator to
the last device of the chain only. Remember not to use
more than two terminators total (internal and external).
The Macintosh CPU itself is always SCSI ID number 7 and the internal hard drive should always be set to
SCSI ID number 0, for reliable operation. The other
external devices can be set to any other ID numbers,
1 though 6, as long as the number is not duplicated on the
SCSI chain. Duplicate ID numbers will cause the
Macintosh to hang on start-up.
Always power up all external SCSI peripherals
before switching the Macintosh on. Allow a few seconds
for the attached drives to spin-up before turning on the
Macintosh. SCSI devices which are attached but switched
© CSC 1994

off can hang the SCSI bus and prevent drive operation or
cause unreliable data transfer.
To maintain compatibility with your installed software, it is important that you install YOUR version ofthe
Macintosh system and finder to any new hard drives, if
you intend to boot from that drive. Chances are that the
preformatted Macintosh drive you received will have a
system and finder installed into the System Folder on the
disk. If you have a System Folder installed already, or
wish to update the System Folder, you must throw out all
of the System Folders, EXCEPT ONE. There must be
one and only one System Folder, with a System File and
corresponding Finder File, on the entire SCSI chain. The
extra System Files will cause problems until they are
removed. To remove a non-operating System Folder,
place it in the Trash, and empty the Trash. To remove a
operating System Folder, place it in the Trash, reboot
from a bootable floppy, and then empty the Trash. Using
more than one System Folder will cause erratic software
crashes and "system bombs".
Most Mac users install the latest version of the
System Folder onto the internal hard drive, and place
large application and other files onto the external drive(s).
To link the applications to the desktop, aliases of the
various applications are created and then saved in the
Apple Menu for easy and rapid access. This frees up the
internal drive space to allow more working area.
To format a hard drive, you may use a third party
formatting software or the Apple Hard Drive Tool Kit
software, which is included with the System Installation
Disks, but must be installed separately. This software is
not installed automatically with the System in normal
installation procedures. When reformatting your external hard drive, we recommend an interleave of 1: 1 for
Macintosh lIar faster computers and 2: 1 for older 68000
based computers like the Macintosh Plus, Macintosh SE
and Macintosh Classic.
The Apple HFS (Hierarchal File System) can easily
loose data if files are not properly closed. For this reason,
it is important to back up all files as often as possible.
Shut off the system power only after using the Finder
"Shut-Down" option. If files are accidentally damaged
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due to a power failure or accidental shut down, the
desktop file on your hard drive may need to be rebuilt. To
rebuild the desktop, shut off power to the Macintosh.
Then restart the system holding down both the Command
and Option keys while you tum on the hard drive and then
the Macintosh. The message "Are you sure you want the
desktop rebuilt?" will appear. This message will be
repeated for each device connected to the Macintosh.
Rebuilding an undamaged desktop will cause no harm, so
click "OK" and the desktop(s) will be rebuilt on all hard
drives connected to the Macintosh.
Most software problems with Macintosh drives are
caused by driver con~icts or corrupted System and
Finder files. Drivers are classified as Extensions, Control
Panels, INITs, and Desk Accessories by the Macintosh.
If your Macintosh hard drive was working correctly but suddenly refuses to boot, start while depressing
the Shift key. This turns off all of the DRIVERS mentioned above. If the Macintosh successfully starts, you
have a driver conflict. To remedy this, you must find the
driver(s) which are causing the conflict. Third party
software can supply several programs to do this. You can
also place all of the drivers into a folder labeled Disabled
Drivers, and reinstall them one at a time, until the
conflicting software is found.
If your multiple hard drive Macintosh system suddenly reports "Disk is unreadable, would you like to
initialize?", the problem is most likely a software SCSI
driver conflict. This message commonly occurs in systems with two or more hard drives which use different
SCSI drivers. Verify that the drivers you are using for all
of your hard drives are identical. If the drivers are not
identical, the hard drive(s) will need to be reformatted
with the same driver. Different versions of the same
formatting software can cause this situation, so be sure
that you are using the same version to format all of the
devices.
Almost all installation problems are caused by
cabling, termination, or SCSI ID errors. Be certain of the
cables and their orientation. Use only two terminators,
one on the CPU and one on the final device on the SCSI
chain. B.e sure that each device has a unique SCSI ID
number. Please note that the physical placement of a
device and its SCSI ID are not the same. A device can
have the SCSI ID of 1, for example, and be in the final
physical place in the SCSI chain.

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Hard Drive List
Listed in the following chapter are many common
hard drives and their parameters. The capacities listed are
in formatted megabytes (1,000,000 bytes), with 512
bytes per sector. Formatted capacities may vary slightly
depending on how the drive is formatted (i.e., using
sector sparing or 35/36 sectors per track). As you would
expect, all older MFM drives have 17 sectors per track,
and all RLL drives which use the ST-506 interface have
26 sectors per track. ESDI drives have 35, 36, 48, or 63
sectors per track.
Access times listed are those published by the
manufacturer. These advertised access times are often
slightly lower than the average tested times. Drive
information unavailable at the time of printing is entered
as dashes (-).

Landing Zone
The landing zone, or "park cylinder" of a hard drive
is a location to which the drive head carriage should be
moved before the drive is transported. Older hard drives
which use stepper motor actuators had to be manually
parked before they were transported. This parking procedure moved the heads away from the data area of the
disk and reduced the chance of data loss if the drive was
bumped or jarred with the power off.
All newer hard disk drives with voice coil actuators
incorporate automatic parking mechanisms. These mechanisms are as simple as a spring and a small latch which
move and lock the heads away from the data areas of the
disk when power is removed. Because the manual landing zone is no longer used in modern drives, we have
omitted it from the tables. If you have an older stepper
motor type drive which does require manual parking,
step the heads to the maximum cylinder + 1 before
removing power from the drive. For example, ifyou have
a ST-225 which has 615 cylinders, step to the 616th
cylinder before power down if you intend to transport the
drive.

close to the center of the disk is shorter than the outer
cylinders, the timing of data read changes.
To compensate for the difference in read data
timing between inner and outer tracks, several drives use
"write precompensation" which alters the timing of data
written to inner cylinders on the drive. All newer drives
automatically generate "write precompensation" using
intemallogic which senses the position of the head and
adjusts the timing of write data accordingly. Older drives
depend on the controller card to generate write
precompensation. Since write precompensation is either
handled internally or not used at all on newer hard drives
the starting write precompensation cylinder is not as
important as it once was. We have omitted write precomp
information in the hard drive list to keep things simple. A
valid write precompensation start cylinder for most older
drives can be calculated by dividing the maximum cylinder number by two.

CDC, Imprimis or Seagate?
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was one of the
first manufacturers of high performance 5.25" hard disk
drives. CDC has over the years developed an excellent
reputation for reliability. In 1987, Control Data Corporation named its disk drive division Imprimis. Recently,
the CDC's Imprimis division was purchased by Seagate.
If you are trying to locate an Imprimis drive, please
check both the Seagate and CDC sections.

Miniscribe or Manor Colorado
Miniscribes' management caused financial problems which eventually led to Maxtor Corporations acquisition in 1990. Miniscribe is now called Maxtor Colorado. Maxtor's management and expertise in high capacity drives has helped improve the Miniscribe product.
If you are trying to locate an older Maxtor Colorado
drive, also check in the Miniscribe section.

Write Precomp
Write precompensation is a technique which alters
the timing of data written to a hard drive on particular
cylinders. Since the track length of cylinders which are
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Table C - Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers
Imprimis

Seagate

Imprimis

Seagate

Imprimis

Seagate

94155-85

ST4085

94205-51

ST253

94351-200S

ST1201NS

94155-86

ST4086

94205-77

ST279R

94351-230S

ST1239NS

94155-96

ST4097

94211-106

ST2106N

94354-090

ST1090A

94155-135

ST4135R

94216-106

ST2106E

94354-111

ST1111A

94161-182

ST4182N

94221-125

ST2125N

94354-126

ST1126A

94166-182

ST4182E

94241-502

ST2502N

94354-133

ST1133A

94171-350

ST4350N

94244-274

ST2274A

94354-155

ST1156A

94171-376

ST4376N

94244-383

ST2383A

94354-160

ST1162A

94181-385H

ST4385N

94246-182

ST2182E

94354-186

ST1186A

94181-702

ST4702N

94246-383

ST2383E

94354-200

ST1201A

94186-383

ST4383E

94351-090

ST1090N

94354-239

ST1239A

94186-383H

ST4384E

94351-111

ST1111 N

94355-100

ST1100

94186-442

ST4442E

94351-126

ST1126N

94355-150

ST1150R

94191-766

ST4766N

94351-1338

ST1133NS

94356-155

8T1156E

94196-766

ST4766E

94351-155

8T1156N

94356-200

8T1201E

94204-65

8T274A

94351-155S

8T1156N8

94536-111

ST1111 E

94204-71

ST280A

94351-160

ST1162N

94601-12G/M

ST41200N

94204-74

ST274A

94351-1868

8T1186N8

94601-767H

ST4767N

94204-81

ST280A

94351-200

ST1201 N

Table C - Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers

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Hard Drive Parameters
ALPS
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

DRND-10A

10

2

615

17

60

MFM

3.50 HH

DRND-20A

20

4

615

17

60

MFM

3.50 HH

DRPO-20D

20

2

615

26

60

RLL

3.50 HH

106

2

2109

63

13

IDE

3.5

Model
Number

DR311C
Translated Parameters: 13 Heads ,954 Cylinders
DR311 D

63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

106

2

2109

63

13

SCSI

3.5

212

4

2109

63

13

IDE

3.5

DR312C
'Translated Parameters: 13·Heads

965 Cylinders.

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

.-~

DR312D

212

4

2109

63

13

SCSI

3.5

RPO-20A

20

2

615

26

60

RLL

3.50 HH

AMPEX
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

PYXIS-7

5

2

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

PVXIS-13

10

4

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

PVXIS-20

15

6

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

PYXIS-27

20

8

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

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AREAL
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

136

4

1024

60

15

AT-IDE

2.5

A 120
Translated Parameters:
81

4

8 Heads

548 Cylinders

1488

60

61 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
17

AT-IDE

2.50

A 180
Translated Parameters:
62

2

10 Heads

715 Cylinders

1024

60

50 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
19

AT-IDE

2.50

MD-2060
Translated Parameters:
80

2

2 Heads

1024 Cylinders

1323

60

60 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
19

AT-IDE

2.50

MD-2080
Translated Parameters:
85

2

9 Heads

1021 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

1410

59

19

IDE

2.5

2085
Translated Parameters:
100

2

10 Heads

976 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

1632

63

19

IDE

2.5

2100
Translated .Parameters:

12 Heads

957 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

AURA
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

AU63

63

2

1330

43

17

PCMCIA

1.8

AU126

125

4

1330

43

17

PCMCIA

1.8

Model
Number

74

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

ATASI
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

AT-676

765

15

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-3020

17

3

645

17

38

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3033

28

5

645

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3046

39

7

645

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3051

43

7

704

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3051+

44

7

733

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3053

44

7

733

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3075

67

8

1024

17

33

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-3085

71

8

1024

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

AT-3128

109

8

1024

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

AT-6120

1051

15

1925

71

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

BASF
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

6185

23

6

440

17

99

MFM

5.25 FH

6186

15

4

440

17

70

MFM

5.25 FH

6187

8

2

440

17

70

MFM

5.25 FH

6188-R1

10

2

612

17

70

MFM

5.25 FH

6188-R3

21

4

612

17

70

MFM

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

75

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

BRAND TECHNOLOGY
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

400

6

1800

72

12

AT or
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

BT3400
Translated Parameters: 15 Heads
650

10

1800

1021 Cylinders
36

51 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
12

BT 3650
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads

1017 Cylinders

AT or
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

78 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

BT 8085

71

8

1024

17

25

MFM

5.25 FH

BT 8128

109

8

1024

26

25

RLL

5.25 FH

BT 8170

142

8

1024

36

36

ESDI

5.25 FH

150

7

1165

36

16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

BT 9170A

.....

T~a.nslated

Parameters:'

9 Heads

968 Cylinders

33 SPT - This is ·your CMOS setting

BT 9170E

150

7

1166

36

16

ESDI

3.50 HH

BT 9170S

150

7

1166

36

16

SCSI

3.50 HH

200

9

1209

36

16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

BT 9220A
Translated Parameters:

76

12 Heads

968 Cylinders

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

BT 9220E

200

9

1210

36

16

ESDI

3.50 HH

BT 9220S

200

9

1210

36

16

SCSI

3.50 HH

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

BULL
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

0-530

26

3

987

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

0-550

43

5

987

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

0-570

60

7

987

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

0-585

71

7

1166

17

65

MFM/RLL

5.25 FH

Model
Number

C. ITOH (also see Ve-Data)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

YO-3042

44

4

788

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

YO-3082

87

8

788

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

YO-3530

32

5

731

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

YD-3540

45

7

731

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

CARDIFF
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

F-3053

44

5

1024

17

20

MFM

3.50 HH

F-3080E

68

5

1024

26

20

ESDI

3.50 HH

F-3080S

68

5

1024

26

20

SCSI

3.50 HH

F-3127E

109

5

1024

35

20

ESDI

3.50 HH

F-3127S

109

5

1024

35

20

SCSI

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

77

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also see Seagate)

78

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

94155-19

18

3

697

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-21

21

3

697

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-25
Wren I

24

4

697

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-28

24

4

697

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-36
Wren I

36

5

697

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-38

31

5

733

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-48
Wren II

40

5

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-51
Wren II

43

5

989

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-57
Wren II

48

6

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-67
Wren II

56

7

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-77
Wren II

64

8

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-85
Wren II

71

8

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-86
Wren II

72

9

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94155-96
Wren II

80

9

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also se Seagate)

~

Continued

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

94155-120
Wren II

102

8

960

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

94155-135
Wren II

115

9

960

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

94156-48
Wren II

40

5

925

17

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

94156-67
Wren II

56

7

925

17

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

94156-86
Wren II

72

9

925

17

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

94161-86
Wren III

86

9

969

26

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

94161-101
Wren III

86

5

969

26

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94161-121
Wren III

120

7

969

26

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94161-141
Wren III

140

7

969

26

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94161-155

150

9

969

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94161-182
Wren III

155

9

969

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94166-101
Wren III

84

5

969

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

94166-141
Wren III

118

7

969

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

94166-182
Wren III

152

9

969

34

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

94171-300

288

9

1365

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

94171-344

335

9

1549

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

79

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

CDC (also see Seagate) ,.. CONTINUED
Model
Number

80

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

94171-350
Wren IV

300

9

1412

46

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

94171-375
Wren V

375

9

1549

35

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94171-376
Wren IV

330

9

1546

45

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

94181-385D

337

15

791

36

11

SCSI

5.25 FH

94181-385H
Runner

330

15

791

55

11

SCSI

5.25 FH

94181-574
Wren V

574

15

1549

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94181-702
Wren V

601

15

1546

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94181-702M
Wren V

613

15

1549

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94186-265
Wren V

221

9

1412

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-324
Wren V

270

11

1412

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-383
Wren V

319

13

1412

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-383H
Wren V

319

15

1224

34

15

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-383S
Wren V

338

13

1412

36

19

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-442
Wren V

368

15

1412

34

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

94186-442H
Wren V

368

15

1412

34

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

94191-766
Wren VI

676

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

CDC (also see Seagate) - CONTINUED
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

94191-766M
Wren VI

676

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94196-383
Wren VI

338

13

1412

34

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

94196-766
Wren VI

664

15

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

94204-65

65

5

948

26

29

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

71

5

1032

26

29

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

Model
Number

94204-71
Translate,d Parameters: 5 Heads
94204-74
Wren II

94204-81
Wren II

65

5

5

26

948

Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
71

989 Cylinders

933 Cylinders

1032

Translated Parameters: 8 Heads

26
1024 Cylinders

27 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
29

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
28

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

27 SPT- This is your CMOS setting

94205-30
Wren II

25

3

989

26

28

RLL

5.25HH

94205-41
Wren II

38

3

989

26

28

RLL

5.25 HH

94205-51
Wren II

43

5

989

26

28

RLL

5.25 HH

94205-77

65

5

989

26

28

RLL

5.25 HH

60

5

989

26

30

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

94205-75
Wren II

Translated Parameters: 5 Heads

989 Cylinders

26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

94211-91
Wren II

91

5

969

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

94211-106
Wren III

91

5

1022

26

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

94211-209
Wren V

142

5

1547

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

94216-106
Wren III

89

5

1024

34

18

ESDI

5.25 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

81

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also see Seagate)
Model
Number

~

Continued

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

94221-125
Wren V

107

3

1544

36

18

SCSI

5.25 HH

94221-190
Wren V

190

5

1547

36

18

SCSI

5.25 HH

94221-209
Wren V

183

5

1544

36

18

SCSI

5.25 HH

94241-383
Wren VI

338

7

1261

36

14

SCSI

5.25 HH

94241-502
Wren VI

435

7

1755

69

16

SCSI

5.25 HH

191

4

1747

54

16

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

94244-219
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads

94244-274
Wren VI

94244-383
Wren VI

4

1747

Translated Parameters: 14 Heads
338

7

1747

54
983 Cylinders
54

Translated Parameters: 11 Heads 952 Cylinders

44 SPT - Thisis.your CMOS setting.
16

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting.
16

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting.

94246-182
Wren VI

160

4

1453

54

15

ESDI

5.25 HH

94246-383
Wren VI

338

7

1747

54

15

ESDI

5.25 HH

94295-51

43

5

989

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

94311-136S
Swift SL

120

5

1068

36

15

SCSI-2

3.503H

120

5

1068

36

15

AT-IDE

3.503H

94314-136
Swift SL

94316-111
Swift

82

191

536 Cylinders

Hard Drive Bible

Translated Parameters:
98

5

11 Heads
1072

917 Cylinders
36

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting.
23

ESDI

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (alsp see Seagate) - Continued
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

94316-136
Swift SL

120

5

1268

36

15

ESDI

3.503H

94316-155
Swift

138

7

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

94316-200
Swift

177

9

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

94335-55

46

5

1268

17

25

MFM

3.50 HH

94335-100

83

9

1268

17

25

MFM

3.50 HH

94351-90

79

5

1068

29

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-111
Swift

98

5

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-126
Swift

111

7

1068

29

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-128

111

7

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-133
Swift

116

7

1268

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-133S
Swift

116

5

1268

36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

94351-134

117

7

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-155
Swift

138

7

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-155S
Swift

138

7

1068

36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

94351-160
Swift

142

9

1068

29

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-172

150

9

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-186S
Swift

163

7

1268

36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

Model
Number

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

83

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also see Seagate)
Model
Number

Continued

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

94351-200
Swift

177

9

1068

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-200S
Swift

177

9

1068

36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

94351-230
Swift

210

9

1272

36

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

94351-230S
Swift

210

9

1268

36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

79

5

1072

29

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

94354-90
Swift

94354-111
Swift

94354-126
Swift

94354-133
Swift

94354-155
Swift

94354-160
Swift

94354-186
Swift

94354-200
Swift

84

~

Hard Drive Bible

Translated Parameters:
98

5

10 Heads 536 Cylinders 29 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
1072

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters: 10 Headsi ·1024 Cylinders 17SPT-ThisisyourC~OSsetting
111

7

1072

29

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 984 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
117

5

1272

Translated Parameters: 14 Heads
138

7

1072

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

961 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 993 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting
143

9

1072

29

Translated Parameters: 9 Heads 942 Cylinders
164

7

1272

Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
177

9

1072

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

971 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

I.Translated Parameters: 11 Heads 956 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also see Seagate) - Continued
Model
Number
94354-230
Swift

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

211

9

1272

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 989 Cylinders 35 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

94355-55
Swift

46

5

1072

17

16

MFM

3.50 HH

94355-100
Swift

83

9

1072

17

15

MFM

3.50 HH

94355-150
Swift

128

9

1072

26

15

RLL

3.50 HH

94356-111
Swift

98

5

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

94356-155
Swift

138

7

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

94356-200
Swift

171

9

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

94601-12G/M

1037

15

1931

VAR

15

SCSI

5.25 FH

94601-767H

665

15

1356

64

12

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

94601-767M

676

15

1508

54

12

SCSI

5.25 FH

97155-36

30

5

733

17

28

MFM

8.00

9720-1123
SABRE

964

19

1610

VAR

15

SMD

8.00

9720-1230
SABRE

1236

15

1635

VAR

15

SMD
SCSI

8.00

9720-2270
SABRE

1948

19

2551

VAR

12

SMD

8.00

9720-2500
SABRE

2145

19

2220

VAR

12

SMD
SCSI

8.00

9720-368
SABRE

368

10

1635

VAR

18

SMD
SCSI

8.00

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

85

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC (also see Seagate)

,ow

Continued

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

9720-500
SABRE

500

10

1217

VAR

18

SMD
SCSI

8.00

9720-736
SABRE

741

15

1217

VAR

15

SMC
SCSI

8.00

9720-850
SABRE

851

15

1635

VAR

15

SMD
SCSI

8.00

97229-1150

990

19

1784

VAR

15

IPI-2

8.00

97500-12G

1050

17

1884

VAR

15

IPI-2

5.25 FH

97500-15G
Elite

1285

17

1991

VAR

16

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

BJ7D5A
77731608

29

5

670

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

BJ7D5A
77731613

33

5

733

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

BJ7D5A
77731614

23

4

670

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

CENTURY DATA

86

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

CAST
10203E

55

3

1050

35

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
10203S

55

3

1050

35

28

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
10304E

75

4

1050

35

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
10304S

75

4

1050

35

28

SCSI

5.25 FH

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CENTURY DATA (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

CAST
10305E

94

5

1050

35

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
10305S

94

5

1050

35

28

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
14404E

114

4

1590

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
14404S

114

4

1590

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
14405E

140

5

1590

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
14405S

140

5

1590

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
14406E

170

6

1590

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
14406S

170

6

1590

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
24509E

258

9

1599

35

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
24509S

258

9

1599

35

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
24611E

315

11

1599

35

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
24611S

315

11

1599

35

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

CAST
24713E

372

13

1599

35

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

CAST
247138

372

13

1599

35

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

87

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

eMI

88

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

CM 3206

10

4

306

17

99

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 3426

20

4

615

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5018H

15

2

860

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5205

4

2

256

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5206

5

2

306

17

99

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5410

8

4

256

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5412

10

4

306

17

99

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5616

13

6

256

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5619

15

6

306

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 5826

21

8

306

17

99

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 6213

11

2

640

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 6426

21

4

615

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 64268

22

4

640

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 6640

33

6

640

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 7660

50

6

960

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

CM 7880

67

8

960

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CMS ENHANCEMENTS
Model
Number
F115ESDI-T

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

114

7

915

35

30

ESDI

5.25 FH

150

9

969

34

17

IDE

5.25 FH

F150AT-CA
Translated Parameters:
150

7

9 Heads

986 Cylinders

1224

36

33 SPT - This.is your CMOS setting
17

IDE

5.25 FH

F150AT-WCA
Translated Parameters:

9 Heads

986 Cylinders

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

F150EQ-WCA

150

7

1224

36

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

F320AT-CA

320

15

1224

36

15

ESDI

5.25 FH

F70ESDI-T

73

2

1224

36

30

ESDI

5.25 FH

H330E1

330

7

1780

54

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

H340E1

340

7

1780

54

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

PS Express
150

150

7

1224

36

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

PS Express
320

320

15

1224

36

15

ESDI

5.25 FH

COGITO
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

CG-906

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

CG-912

11

4

306

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

CG-925

21

4

612

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

PT-912

11

2

612

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

PT-925

21

4

612

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

89

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CONNER
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

CP-340

42

4

788

26

29

SCSI

3.50 HH

40

4

805

26

29

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-342
Translated Parameters:
43

4

4 Heads
788

805 Cylinders 26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
26

29

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-344
Translated Parameters:
CP-2020

CP-2024
KATO

CP-2064
PANCHO

CP-2084
PANCHO

788 Cylinders 26 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

21

2

642

32

23

SCSI

3.50 HH

21

2

653

32

40

AT/XT
IDE

2.50 HH

Translated Parameters:

CP-2034
PANCHO

4 Heads

32

2

Translated Parameters:
64

4

Translated Parameters:
85

8

Translated Parameters:
215

8

2 Heads
823
2 Heads
823
4 Heads
548
8 Heads
1348

653 Cylinders 32 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
38

19

AT-IDE

2.50 HH

823 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
38

19

AT-IDE

2.50 HH

823 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
38

19

AT-IDE

2.50 HH

548 Cylinders 38 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
39

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-2304
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads

43

5

976

989 Cylinders 35 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
17

27

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3000
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads
CP-3020

988 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

21

2

622

33

27

SCSI

3.50 HH

21

2

622

33

27

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3022
Translated Parameters: 2 Heads

90

Hard Drive Bible

622 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CONNER
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

22

2

636

33

27

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3024
Translated Parameters: 2 Heads
CP-3040

636 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

42

2

1026

40

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

43

2

1047

40

25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3044
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads
CP-3100

988 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

105

8

776

33

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

104

8

776

33

25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3102
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
105

8

776

776 Cylinders
33

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3104
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
112

8

832

776 Cylinders
33

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3111
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
112

8

832

832 Cylinders
33

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3114
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
CP-3180

832 Cylinders

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

84

6

832

33

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

84

6

832

33

25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3184
Translated Parameters: 6 Heads
CP-3200/F

832 Cylinders

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

213

8

1366

38

19/16

SCSI

3.50 HH

213

16

683

38

19/16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3204/F
Translated Parameters:
213

4

6 Heads 683 Cylinders
1366

38

33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
16

MCA

3.50 HH

CP-3209F
Translated Parameters:
340

8

6 Heads
1806

683 Cylinders
46

38 SPT - This is your CMOS setti
16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3304
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
© CSC 1994

659 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting
Hard Drive Bible

91

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CONNER (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

CP-3360

360

8

1806

49

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

360

8

1806

6349

12

PC/AT

3.50 HH

CP-3364
Translated· Parameters:
CP-3500

11 Heads

702 Cylinders

63SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

510

12

1695

49

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

509

12

1695

49

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-3504
Translated Parameters:

16 Heads

987 • •. Cylinders

··63SPT - '. This is your CMOS setting
....

CP-3540

540

12

1806

49

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

540

12

1806

49

12

PC/AT

3.50 HH

CP-3544
Translated Parameters:
CP-4024
STUBBY
CP-4044
STUBBY
CP-30060

16 Heads

.987 Cylinders

38SPT

-

This. is your CMOS setting

22

2

627

34

29

AT/XT-IDE

3.50 HH

43

2

1104

38

29

AT/XT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters:

7 Heads

699 Cylinders

17SPT

- This is your CMOS setting

60

2

1524

39

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

61

2

1522

39

-

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30064
Translated Parameters:
540

12

4 Heads
1806

762 Cylinders
49

39SPT

- This..isyouf CMOS setting
PC/AT

12

3.50 HH

CP-3544
Translated Parameters:
CP-3554
CP-4024
STUBBY

CP-4044
STUBBY

92

Hard Drive Bible

16 Heads

987 Cylinders

38SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

544

16

1054

63

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

22

2

627

34

29

AT/XT-IDE

3.50 HH

...

Translated Parameters:
43

2

Translated Parameters:

2 Heads
1104
7 Heads

627 Cylinders
38
699 Cylinders

34SPT
50
17 SPT

- Thisis your CMOS settin~
AT/XT-IDE

-

3.50 HH

This is your CMOS setting
© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

CONNER (Continued)
Model
Number
CP-30060

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

60

2

1524

39

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

61

2

1522

39

14

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30064
Translated Parameters:
CP-30080E

4 Heads

762 Cylinders

39SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

85

2

1806

47

17

PC/AT,SCSI

3.50 HH

84

4

1053

39

17

SCSI

3.50 HH

CP-30080
Translated Parameters:
84

4

8 Heads
1058

529 Cylinders
39

39SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30084
Translated Parameters:
85

4

8 Heads
903

529 Cylinder$
46

39SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30084E
Translated Parameters:
CP-30100
HOPI

CP-30104 H
Allegheny

CP-30104
HOPI

CP-30109
HOPI

8 Heads

.q29, Gylind,~r~

39SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

120

4

1522

39

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

120

4

1522

39

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters:
120

4

Translated Parameters:

8 Heads
1522
8 Heads

762.Cylinders
39
762 Cylinders

39SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting
AT-IDE

19
39SPT

-

3.50 HH

This is our CMOS setting

120

4

1522

39

19

MCA

3.50 HH

170

4

1806

46

17

AT - IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30170E
Translated Parameters:
CP-30200

11 H.eads

941 Cylinders

33SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

212

4

2119

49

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

213

4

2119

49

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

CP-30204
Translated Parameters:

© CSC 1994

16 Heads

683',Cylinders

38SPT

-

This is our CMOS setting

Hard Drive Bible

93

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CONNER (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

251

4

1984

62

12

PC/AT

3.50 HH

CP-30254
Translated Parameters:
CP-30340

4 Heads

990 Cylinders

33SPT - This is our CMOS setting

343

4

-

-

13

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

343

4

1121

60

13

PC/AT

3.50 HH

CP-30344
Translated Parameters:

11 Heads

966 Cylinders

63SPT - This is our CMOS setting

CP-30540

545

6

1984

62

10

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

CP-31370

1,371.80

14

2694

63

10

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

CORE INTERNATIONAL
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

AT 30

31

5

733

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

AT30R

48

5

733

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

AT 32

31

5

733

17

21

MFM

5.25 HH

AT32R

48

5

733

26

21

RLL

5.25 HH

AT 40

40

5

924

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

AT40R

61

5

924

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

AT 63

42

5

988

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

AT63R

65

5

988

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

AT 72

72

9

924

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

AT72R

107

9

924

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

AT 150

150

8

1024

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC40

40

4

564

35

10

RLL

5.25 FH

HC90

91

5

969

35

16

RLL

5.25 HH

Model
Number

94

Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CORE INTERNATIONAL (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

HC 100F

101

-

-

-

9

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC 150

156

9

969

35

16

RLL

5.25 FH

HC 175

177

9

1072

35

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC260

260

12

1212

35

25

RLL

5.25 FH

HC310

311

12

1582

35

16

RLL

5.25 FH

HC 315

340

8

1447

57

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC380

383

15

1412

35

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC650

658

15

1661

53

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC 650S

663

14

1661

56

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

HC655

680

16

1447

57

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HC 1000S

1200

16

1918

64

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

OPTIMA 30

31

5

733

17

21

MFM

5.25 HH

OPTIMA30R

48

5

733

26

21

RLL

5.25 HH

OPTIMA 40

41

5

963

17

26

MFM

5.25 HH

OPTIMA40R

64

5

963

26

26

RLL

5.25 HH

OPTIMA 70

71

9

918

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

OPTIMA 70R

109

9

918

26

26

RLL

5.25 FH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

95

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

21

2

653

32

23

XT/AT
IDE

2.5 HH

GO 2024
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads
40

615 Cylinders

-

This is your CMOS setting
....

AT-IDE

19

38

552

4

17 SPT

2.5 HH

GO 2044

60

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

19

38

823

4

-

17 SPT

980 Cylinders

Translated Parameters: 5 Heads

2.5 HH

GO 2061
Translated. Parameters: 4 Heads 823 Cylinders
60

AT -IDE

19

38

823

4

38 SPT - This is your,CMOSsetting
2.5HH

GO 2064
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 823 Cylinders
85

4

1097

38SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

19

38

2.5HH

GO 2081
976 Cylinders

Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
85

4

1097

17SPT

38

-

19

This is your CMOS settrng
AT-IDE

2.5HH

GO 2084
Translated Parameters: 10 Heads

976 Cylinders

17SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

.......

121

4

1097

38

19

AT-IDE

2.5HH

GD 2088
Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
120

4

976 Cylinders

1123

53

17 SPT

-

17

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

2.5HH

GD 2121
Translated Parameters: 14 Heads
120

4

992 Cylinders

1123

53

17SPT

-

19

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

2.5HH

GD 2124
Translated Parameters: 14 Heads
252

6

992 Cylinders

1339

47

17 SPT

-

12

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

2.5HH

GD 2254
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
42

2

489 Cylinders

1045

40

63SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

19

3.5HH

GD 30001 A
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads

96

Hard Drive Bible

980 Cylinders

17 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued)
Model
Number
GD 30080E

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

80

4

1053

39

15

SCSI

3.5 HH

85

4

1053

39

19

AT-IDE

3.5 HH

GO 30084E
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
80

2

526 Cylinders

1806

39 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

46

19

AT-IDE

3.5 HH

GO 30085E
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 903 Cylinders
80

2

1806

46 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

46

19

AT - IDE

3.5HH

GD 30087
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 903 Cylinders
GD 30100

46 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

121

4

1522

39

19

SCSI-II

3.5HH

121

4

1524

39

19

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GD 301000
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
170

4

762 Cylinders

1806

46

39 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
15

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GO 30174E
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
170

2

903 Cylinders

2116

63

46SPT - This is your CMOS setting
19

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GO 30175E
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
GO 30200

904 Cylinders

46SPT - This is your CMOS setting

212

4

2119

49

12

SCSI-II

3.5HH

212

4

2119

49

12

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GO 30204
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads
213

4

2119

989 Cylinders
49

35SPT - This is your CMOS setting
14

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GO 30214
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
251

4

1895

685 Cylinders
62

38SPT - This is your CMOS setting
15

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GO 30254
Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
GD 30270

© CSC 1994

270

16

524

895 Cylinders
63

55SPT - This is your CMOS setting
10

SCSI-II

3.5HH

Hard Drive Bible

97

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

330

4

2116

63

12

AT-IDE

3.5 HH

GD 30344
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
GD 3040A

904 Cylinders

-

46SPT

This is your CMOS setting

42

2

1026

40

25

SCSI-34

3.5 HH

42

2

1047

40

25

AT -IDE

3.5HH

GD 3044
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 988 Cylinders
42

2

1047

17 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

25

40

3.5HH

GD 3045
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads 977 Cylinders
GD 30540

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

545

6

2243

60

10

SCSI-II

3.5HH

540

6

2249

59

12

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GD 30544
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads

1023 Cylinders

-

63SPT

This is your CMOS setting

GD 30548

540

6

2242

47

10

SCSI-II

3.5HH

GD 31050

1037

8

2756

47

10

SCSI-II

3.5HH

112

8

832

33

15

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GD 3114
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads

832 Cylinders

33SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

GD 31370

1300

14

2387

37

10

SCSI-II

3.5HH

GD 3200D

212

8

1366

38

15

SCSI

3.5HH

GD 3200F

212

8

1366

38

15

SCSI

3.5HH

GD 3300

340

8

1807

46

12

SCSI-II

3.5HH

85

8

1806

46

12

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GD 3301
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
GD 3500

659 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting

510

12

1695

49

12

SCSI-II

3.5HH

510

12

1806

46

12

AT-IDE

3.5HH

GD 3504
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads

98

Hard Drive Bible

987 Cylinders

63SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CORPORATE SYSTEMS CENTER (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

524

6

1053

63

12

AT-IDE

3.5 HH

GD 3544
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1023 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting

GD 5500

510

16

1441

62

6

SCSI-II

3.5 HH

PI-16E

1340

19

1772

77

15

ESDI

5.2 FH

McHuge

334

20

1020

36

18

SCSI

External

McHuge II

641

15

1224

48

16

SCSI

External

DATA TECH MEMORIES
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

DTM-553

44

5

1024

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

DTM-853

44

8

640

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

DTM-885

71

8

1024

17

36

MFM

5.25 FH

DISCTEC
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

RHD-20

21

2

615

34

23

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

RHD-60

63

2

1024

60

22

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

99

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734..3475

DISCTRON (also see Otari)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

0-503

3

2

153

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-504

4

2

215

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-506

5

4

153

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

D-507

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

D-509

8

4

215

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-512

11

8

153

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-513

11

6

215

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-514

11

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-518

15

8

215

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-519

16

6

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

0-526

21

8

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

Model
Number

DMA
Model
Number
306

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

11

2

612

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

DTC
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

HF12

10

2

301

78

65

SCSI

5.25 HH

HF24

20

2

506

78

60

SCSI

5.25 HH

Model
Number

100

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

ECOL.2
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

50

1

1720

60

40

IDE

3.50 HH

EC-50
Translated Parameters:
100

2

2 Heads

860 Cylinders

1720

60

-

60SPT
40

This is your CMOS setting
IDE

3.50 HH

EC-100
Translated Parameters:
100

1

2 Heads 1005 Cylinders
2300

85

-

17SPT
20

This is your CMOS setting
IDE

3.50 HH

EC3-100
Translated Parameters:
200

2

2 Heads

957 Cylinders 17 SPT

2300

85

-

20

This is your CMOS setting
IDE

3.50 HH

EC3-200
Translated Parameters:

2 Heads

986 Cylinders

33SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

ELCOH
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

DISCACHE
10

10

4

320

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

DISCACHE
20

20

8

320

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

Interface

Form
Factor

Model
Number

EMULEX
Avg

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

EMS/760

663

-

-

-

18

ESDI

5.25

ER2E/760

663

-

-

-

17

ESDI

5.25

ES36/760-1

663

-

-

-

17

ESDI

5.25

© CSC 1994

inms

Hard Drive Bible

101

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

EPSON
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

HD850

11

4

306

17

99

MFM

5.25 HH

HD860

21

4

612

17

99

MFM

5.25 HH

ESPERT
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

42

4

1040

27

Avg
inms
25

Interface

Form
Factor

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

EP-340A
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads

919 Cylinders

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

FUJI
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

FK301-13

10

4

306

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK302-13

10

2

612

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK302-26

21

4

612

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK302-39

32

6

612

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK303-52

40

8

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK305-26

21

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK305-39

32

6

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK305-39R

32

4

615

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

102

Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

FUJI (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

FK305-58R

49

6

615

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

FK308S-39R

31

4

615

26

65

SCSI

3.50 HH

FK308S-58R

45

6

615

26

65

SCSI

3.50 HH

FK309-26

20

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK309-39

32

6

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

FK309-39R

30

4

615

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

FK309S-50R

41

4

615

26

47

SCSI

3.50 HH

Model
Number

FUJITSU
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

M 22250/02

21

4

615

32

40/35

MFM

3.50 HH

M 22250R

32

4

615

26

35

RLL

3.50 HH

M 22260/02

30

6

615

32

40/35

MFM

3.50 HH

M 22250R

49

6

615

26

35

RLL

3.50 HH

M 22270/02

40

8

615

32

40/35

MFM

3.50 HH

M 22270R

65

8

615

26

35

RLL

3.50 HH

M 2230AS

5

2

320

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2230AT

5

2

320

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2231

5

2

306

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2233AS

11

4

320

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2233AT

11

4

320

17

95

MFM

5.25 HH

M 2234AS

16

6

320

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2235AS

22

8

320

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2241 AS/AS2

25

4

754

32

33/30

MFM

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

103

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

FUJITSU (Continued)
Model Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

M 2242AS/AS2

43

7

754

17

33/30

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2243AS/AS2

68

11

754

17

33/30

MFM

5.25 FH

M 2243R

110

7

1186

26

25

RLL

5.25 HH

M 2243T

68

7

1186

17

25

MFM

5.25 HH

M 2245SA

120

7

823

35

25

SCSI

5.25 HH

M 2246E

172

10

823

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

M 2246SA

148

10

823

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2247E

143

7

1243

64

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

M 2247S

138

7

1243

65

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2247SA

149

7

1243

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2247S8

160

7

1243

19

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2248E

224

11

1243

64

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

M 2248S

221

11

1243

65

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2248SA

238

11

1243

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2248S8

252

11

1243

19

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2249E

305

15

1243

64

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

M 2249S

303

15

1243

65

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2249SA

324

15

1243

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2249S8

343

15

1243

19

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2261

357

8

1658

-

16

ESDI/SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2261E

326

8

1658

53

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

M 2262E

448

11

1658

48

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

M2263

671

15

1658

-

16

ESDI/SCSI

5.25 FH

104

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

FUJITSU (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

M 2614T

180

8

1334

33

20

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

M 2622SA

330

8

1435

56

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

M 2622T

330

8

1435

56

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

M 2623SA

425

10

1435

56

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

M 2623T

425

10

1435

56

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

M 2624SA

520

12

1435

56

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

M 2624T

520

12

1435

56

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

M 2635FA

425

9

1435

64

12

SCSI-1/2

3.50 HH

M 2651S

1313

16

1944

64

11

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

M 2652S

1752

20

1944

84

11

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

M 2652P

1586

20

1893

84

11

IPI-2

5.25 FH

M2653

1400

15

2078

88

12

SCSI

5.25 FH

M2654

2100

21

2179

88

12

SCSI

5.25 FH

M 2671P

2640

15

2671

88

12

IPI-2

5

x 8.5 X
15"

HEWLETT-PACKARD
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

HP-97500

20

-

-

-

-

SCSI

3.50 HH

HP-97530E

136

4

-

-

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97530S

204

6

-

-

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

HP-97532E

103

-

-

-

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

105

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

HEWLETT-PACKARD (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

HP-97500

20

4

615

17

HP-97530E

136

4

1229

HP-97530S

204

6

HP-97532E

103

HP-97533E

Avg

Interface

Form
Factor

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1643

64

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

4

1643

64

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

155

6

1643

64

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97536E

311

12

1643

64

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97544E

340

8

1457

57

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97544S/D

331

8

1447

56

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

HP-97544T/P

331

8

1447

56

17

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97548E

680

16

1457

57

17

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97548S/F

663

16

1447

56

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

HP-97548T/P

663

16

1447

56

17

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97549T/P

1000

16

1911

64

18

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97556E

681

11

1680

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97556

677

11

1670

72

13.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97556T/P

673

11

1670

72

14

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97558E

1084

15

1962

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97558

1069

15

1935

72

13.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97558T/P

1075

15

1952

72

14

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97560

1355

19

1935

72

13.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-97560E

1374

19

1962

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-97560T/P

1363

19

1952

72

14

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-C2233

234

5

1546

72

12.6

IDE,SCSI-2

3.50 HH

Model
Number

106

Hard Drive Bible

inms

©

CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

HEWLETT-PACKARD (Continued)
Model
Number
HP-C2233S

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

238

5

1511

49

13

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

328

7

1546

61

12.6

AT - IDE

3.50 HH

HP-C2234
Translated Parameters:

HP-C2234S

10 Heads

1016 Cylinders

63 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

334

7

1511

61

13

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

422

9

1546

61

12.6

IDE,SCSI-2

3.50 HH

HP-C2235
Translated Parameters:

13 Heads 1006 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting

HP-C2235S

429

9

1511

73

13

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

HP-C3007

1370

13

2255

73

11.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-C3009

1792

17

2255

73

11.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-C3010

2003

19

2255

73

11.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-C3010

1027

19

1100

73

9

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

HP-D1660A

333

8

1457

57

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HP-D1661A

667

16

1457

57

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

HITACHI
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

DK301-1

10

4

306

17

85

MFM

3.50 HH

DK 301-2

15

6

306

17

85

MFM

3.50 HH

DK 312C-20

209

10

1076

38

16

SCSI

3.50 HH

DK 312C-25

251

12

1076

38

16

SCSI

3.50 HH

DK 314C-41

419

14

1076

38

17

SCSI

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

107

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

HITACHI (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

OK 315C-11

1100

15

1457

63

11.8

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

OK-315C-14

1400

15

1457

63

11.8

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

DK 502-2

21

4

615

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

OK 511-3

30

5

699

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

OK 511-5

42

7

699

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

OK511-8

67

10

823

17

23

MFM

5.25 FH

OK 512-8

67

5

823

34

23

ESOI

5.25 FH

DK 512C-8

67

5

823

34

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

OK 512-12

94

7

823

34

23

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK 512C-12

94

7

823

34

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

OK 512-17

134

10

823

34

23

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK 512C-17

134

10

819

34

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

OK 514-38

330

14

903

51

16

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK 514C-38

321

14

903

51

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

OK 514S-38

330

14

903

51

14

SMO

5.25 FH

DK 515-12

1229

15

1224

69

14

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK 515-78

673

14

1361

69

16

ESOI, SCSI,
E-SMO

5.25 FH

OK 515C-78

670.5

14

1261

69

16

ESDI, SCSI,
E-SMO

5.25 FH

OK 516-12

1230

15

1778

77

16

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK516-15

1320

15

2235

77

14

ESOI

5.25 FH

OK 516C-16

1500

15

2172

81

14

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

OK 517C

2900

21

2381

81

12.8

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

108

Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

HITACHI (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

OK 517C-26

2000

14

2381

81

12

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

OK 517C-37

2900

21

2381

81

12

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

OK 521-5

42

6

823

17

25

MFM

5.25 HH

OK 522-10

103

6

823

36

25

ESDI

5.25 HH

OK 522C-10

88

6

819

35

25

SCSI

5.25 HH

Model
Number

IBM

©

Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

20MB(2)

21

4

615

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

20MB(13)

21

8

306

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

30MB(22)

31

5

733

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

0661-371

320

14

949

48

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

0661-467

400

14

1199

48

11

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

0663-H11/L11

868

13

2051

66

10

SCSI

3.50 HH

0663-H 12/L12

1004

15

2051

66

10

SCSI

3.50 HH

0671E

319

15

1224

34

20

ESDI

5.25 HH

0671S

319

15

1224

34

20

SCSI

5.25 HH

0681

476

11

1458

58

13

SCSI-2

5.25 HH

WDS-L40

41

2

1038

39

17

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WOA-L42

42

2

1067

39

17

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WDS-L42

42

2

1066

39

17

SCSI

3.50 HH

WD-240

43

2

1120

38

19

PS/2

2.50

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

109

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

IBM (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

43

2

1122

38

19

AT-IDE

2.50

WDA-240
Translated Parameters: 14 Heads 10214 Cylinders 33SPT - This is your CMOS setting
WDS-240

43

2

1120

38

19

SCSI

2.50

WD-380

80

4

1021

39

16

PS/2

3.50 HH

80

4

1021

39

16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WDA-380
Translated Parameters:

9 Heads 1021 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

WDS-380

80

4

1021

39

16

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WD-387

61

4

928

32

23

PS/2

3.50 HH

WD-3100

105

2

1990

44

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WD-3158

120

8

920

32

23

PS/2

3.50 HH

WD-3160

160

8

1021

39

16

PS/2

3.50 HH

160

8

1021

39

16

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WDA-3160
Translated Parameters:

8 Heads 1021 Cylinders 39SPT - This is your CMOS setting

WDS-3160

160

8

1021

39

16

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WDS-2200

210

4

1990

44

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

IOMEGA
Model
Number
MultiDisk 150

110 Hard Drive Bible

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

150

2

1380

36

18

SCSI-2

Removable
5.25

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

IMI
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

5006

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

5007

5

2

312

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

5012

10

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

5018

15

6

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

5021H

15

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

7720

21

4

310

17

85

MFM

8.00

7740

43

8

315

17

85

MFM

8.00

Model
Number

JeT
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

100

5

2

226

17

110

MFM

5.25 HH

105

7

4

306

17

110

MFM

5.25 HH

110

14

8

306

17

130

MFM

5.25 HH

120

20

4

615

17

100

MFM

5.25 HH

1000

5

2

226

17

110

Commodore

5.25 HH

1005

7

4

306

17

110

Commodore

5.25 HH

1010

14

8

306

-

130

Commodore

5.25 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

111

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

KALOK
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

KL320
Octagon I

21

4

615

17

48

MFM

3.50 HH

KL330
Octagon I

32

4

615

26

40

RLL

3.50 HH

KL341
Octagon I

40

4

644

26

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

KL343
Octagon I

42

4

676

31

25

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

KL 3100
Octagon II

105

6

820

35

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

KL 3120
Octagon II

120

6

820

40

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

P5-125

125

2

2048

80

17

AT-IDE

3.50 .5"

P5-250

251

4

2048

80

17

AT-IDE

3.50 .5

Model
Number

11

KYOCERA
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

KC 20AlB

21

4

615

17

65/62

MFM

3.50 HH

KC 30AlB

32

4

615

26

65/62

RLL

3.50 HH

KC 40GA

41

2

1075

26

28

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

KC80C

87

8

787

28

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

Model
Number

112 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

LANSTOR
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

LAN-64

71

8

1024

17

-

MFM

5.25 FH

LAN-115

119

15

918

17

-

MFM

5.25 FH

LAN-140

142

8

1024

34

-

ESDI

5.25 FH

LAN-180

180

8

1024

26

-

RLL

5.25 FH

LAPINE
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

3522

10

4

306

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

LT 10

10

2

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

LT20

20

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

LT200

20

4

614

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

LT300

32

4

614

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

LT 2000

20

4

614

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

TITAN 20

21

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

TITAN 30

33

4

615

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

TITAN 3532

32

4

615

26

65

RLL

3.50 HH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

113

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MAXTOR
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

85

4

1092

36

15

AT

2.50 HH

2585
Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
128.2

4

1092

976 Cylinders
48

17 SPT

- This is your CMOS. setting

15

AT

2.50 HH

25128A
Translated Parameters: 15 Heads
251

6

1320

980 Cylinders
63

-

17 SPT
12

This is your CMOS.setting
AT, SCSI

25252A,S
Translated Parameters: 15 Heads
80

4

1170

990 Cylinders
36

-

33SPT
17

17mm
high

This is your CMOS setting
AT, SCSI

1" high

7080A,S
Translated Parameters: 9·.·.·Heads
120

4

1516

1021 Cylinders
42

-

17 SPT

This is your CMOS setting
AT, SCSI

15

1" high

7120A,S
Translated Parameters: 14 Heads
213

4

1690

984 Cylinders
48

17 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT, SCSI

15

11

1 high

7213A,S
Translated Parameters: 13 ·Heads
244

4

1881

969 Cylinders
48

33SPT

-

15

This is your CMOS setting
AT, SCSI

1" high

7245A,S
Translated Parameters: 15 Heads

962 Cylinders

33SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

LXT-50S

48

4

733

32

27

SCSI

3.50 HH

LXT-100S

96

8

733

32

27

SCSI

3.50 HH

207

7

1320

45

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

LXT-200A
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads 1020 Cylinders
LXT-200S

33SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

191

7

1320

33

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

213

7

1320

55

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

LXT-213A
Translated Parameters: 13 Heads
LXT-213S

114 Hard Drive Bible

200

7

1320

969 Cylinders
55

33SPT
15

-

This is your CMOS setting
SCSI

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MAXTOR
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

320

7

1560

47

13

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

LXT-340A
Translated Parameters: 10 Heads
LXT-340S

992 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting

320

7

1560

47

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

437

9

1560

63

13

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

LXT-437A
Translated Parameters: 14 Heads

967 Cylinders

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting

LXT-437S

437

9

1560

63

13

SCSI

3.50 HH

LXT-535A

535

11

1560

63

12

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

LXT-535S

535

11

1560

63

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

PO-12S
Panther

1224

15

1224

63

13

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

P1-08E
Panther

696

9

1778

72

12

ESDI

5.25 FH

P1-08S
Panther

696

9

1778

72

12

SCSI

5.25 FH

P1-12E
Panther

1051

15

1778

72

13

ESDI

5.25 FH

P1-12S
Panther

1005

19

1216

72

10

SCSI

5.25 FH

P1-13E
Panther

1160

15

1778

72

13

ESDI

5.25 FH

P1-16E
Panther

1331

19

1778

72

13

ESDI

5.25 FH

P1-17E
Panther

1470

19

1778

72

13

ESDI

5.25 FH

P1-17S
Panther

1759

19

1778

85

13

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

540

7

2367

41

7.5/8.5

IDE

3.5" 1
high

MXT
540SUAL

Translated Parameters:
© CSC 1994

16 Heads

1024 Cylinders

11

63SPT - This is your CMOS setting
Hard Drive Bible

115

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MAXTOR (Continued)
Form
Factor

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

MXT 1240S

1.24GB

15

2367

41

8.5/9

SCSI-2

3.5

RXT-800HS
(WORM)

786

1

2410

88

108

SCSI

5.25 FH

650

1

2870

104

35

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 1050

38

5

902

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 1065

52

7

918

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 1085

69

8

1024

17

27

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 1105

82

11

918

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 1120R

104

8

1024

26

27

RLL

5.25 FH

XT 1140

116

15

918

17

26

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 1140E

140

15

1141

17

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 1240R

196

15

1024

26

27

RLL

5.25 FH

XT 2085

72

7

1224

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 2140

113

11

1224

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 2190

159

15

1224

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

XT 3170

129

9

1224

26

30

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 3280

216

15

1224

26

30

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 3380

277

15

1224

26

27

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 4170E

157

7

1224

35

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 4170S

157

7

1224

36

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 4175E

149

7

1224

34

27

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 4179E

158

7

1224

36

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 4230E

203

9

1224

35

15

ESDI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

TAHITI

(MIa)

116 Hard Drive Bible

©

11

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

MAXTOR (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

XT 4280E

234

11

1224

34

27

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 4280S

241

11

1224

36

27

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 4380E

338

15

1224

35

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 4380S

337

15

1224

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 8380E

360

8

1632

54

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 8380EH

361

8

1632

54

13.5

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 8380S

360

8

1632

54

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT8380SH

361

8

1632

54

13.5

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 8610E

541

12

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 8702S

616

15

1490

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 8760E

676

15

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 8760EH

677

15

1632

54

13.5

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 8760S

675

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 8760SH

670

15

1632

54

14.5

SCSI

5.25 FH

XT 8800E

694

15

1274

71

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

XT 81000E

889

15

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

117

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

MAXTOR COLORADO (also see Miniscribe)
Model
Number
7040A
Cheyene

7040S
Cheyene

7060A
Cheyene

7060S
Cheyene

7080A
Cheyene

7080S
Cheyene

7120A
Cheyene

7120S
Cheyene

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

42

2

1170

36

17

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Translated Parameters:

5 Heads

977 Cylinders

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

40

2

1155

36

17

SCSI

3.50 HH

65

2

1516

42

15

AT-IDE

3.50 1

Translated Parameters:

7 Heads

984 Cylinders

11

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

65

2

1516

42

15

SCSI

3.50 1

11

81

4

1170

36

17

AT-IDE

3.50 1

11

.....

Translated Parameters:

9 Heads 1021 Cylinders

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

65

4

1155

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 1

11

65

4

1516

42

15

AT-IDE

3.50 1

11

u

Translated Parameters: 14 Heads

984 Cylinders 17SPT - This is your CMOS setting
11

130

4

1516

42

15

SCSI

3.50 1

43

4

745

28

28

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

8051A
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads

118 Hard Drive Bible

977 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MEGADRIVE
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

P-42

42

3

834

33

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-84

84

6

834

33

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-105

105

6

1019

33

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-120

120

5

1123

33

14

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-170

170

7

1123

33

14

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-210

210

7

1156

33

14

SCSI

3.50 HH

P-425

425

9

1512

63

12

SCSI

3.50 HH

Model
Number

MEMOREX
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

310

2

2

118

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

321

5

2

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

322

10

4

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

323

15

6

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

324

20

8

320

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

450

10

2

612

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

512

25

3

961

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

513

41

5

961

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

514

58

7

961

17

90

MFM

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

119

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROPOLIS
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
. inms

Interface

Form
Factor

1202

45

7

977

17

-

MFM

8.00

1223

45

7

977

17

-

MFM

8.00

1302

20

3

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

1303

34

5

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

1304

41

6

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

1323

35

4

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1323A

44

5

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1324

53

6

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1324A

62

7

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1325

71

8

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1333

35

4

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1333A

44

5

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1334

53

6

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1334A

62

7

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1335

71

8

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

1352

30

2

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1352A

41

3

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1353

75

4

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1353A

94

5

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1354

113

6

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1354A

132

7

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1355

151

8

1024

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

1373

73

4

1024

36

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

120 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROPOLIS (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

1373A

91

5

1024

36

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

1374

109

6

1024

36

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

1374A

127

7

1024

36

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

1375

146

8

1024

36

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

1488-15

675

15

1628

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1516-10S

678

10

1840

72

13

ESDI

5.25 FH

1517-13

922

13

1925

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

1518

1419

15

2100

72

14.5

ESDI

5.25 FH

1518-14

993

14

1925

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

1518-15

1064

15

1925

72

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

1528

1341

15

2094

72

14.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

1528-15

1354

15

2106

84

14

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

1538-15

872

15

1925

71

15

ESDI

5.25 FH

1548

1748

15

2096

72

14

Fast
SCSI-2

5.25 FH

1551

149

7

1224

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1554-7

158

7

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1554-11

234

11

1224

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1555-8

180

8

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1555-9

203

9

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1555-12

255

12

1224

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1556-10

226

10

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1556-11

248

11

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1556-13

276

13

1224

34

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

©

CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

121

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROPOLIS (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

1557-12

270

12

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1557-13

293

13

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1557-14

315

14

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1557-15

338

15

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1558-14

315

14

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1558-15

338

15

1224

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

1566-11

496

11

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

1567-12

541

12

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

1567-13

586

13

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

1568-14

631

14

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

1568-15

676

15

1632

54

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

1576-11

243

11

1224

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

1577-12

266

12

1224

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

1577-13

287

13

1224

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

1578-14

310

14

1224

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

1578-15

332

15

1224

36

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

1586-11

490

11

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1587-12

535

12

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1587-13

579

13

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1588

667

15

1626

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1588-14

624

14

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1588-15

668

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

1596-108

668

10

1834

72

35

SCSI

5.25 FH

122 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROPOLIS (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

1597-13

909

13

1919

72

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

1598

1034

15

1922

72

14.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

1598-14

979

14

1919

72

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

1598-15

1098

15

1928

71

14.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

1624

667

7

2099

72

15

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 HH

1653-4

92

4

1249

36

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

1653-5

115

5

1249

36

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

1654-6

138

6

1249

36

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

1654-7

161

7

1249

36

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

1663-4

197

4

1780

36

14

ESDI

5.25 HH

1663-5

246

5

1780

36

14

ESDI

5.25 HH

1664-6

295

6

1780

54

14

ESDI

5.25 HH

1664-7

345

7

1780

54

14

ESDI

5.25 HH

1673-4

90

4

1249

36

16

SCSI

5.25 HH

1673-5

112

5

1249

36

16

SCSI-MAC

5.25 HH

1674-6

135

6

1249

36

16

SCSI

5.25 HH

1674-7

158

7

1249

36

16

SCSI-MAC

5.25 HH

1683-4

193

4

1776

54

14

SCSI-MAC

5.25 HH

1683-5

242

5

1776

54

14

SCSI

5.25 HH

1684-6

291

6

1776

54

14

SCSI

5.25 HH

1684-7

340

7

1776

54

14

SCSI-MAC

5.25 HH

1743-5

112

5

1140

28

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

1744-6

135

6

1140

28

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

123

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROPOLIS (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

157

7

1140

28

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

1744-7
Translated Parameters:
180

8

10 Heads

9~9

1140

Cylinders
28

33SPT

-

15

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

3.50 HH

1745-8
H

Translated Paral11eters: . 11 Heads
202

9

(968" Cylinders

1140

28

33SPT"

-

15

This is your cMOS setting
AT-IDE

3.50 HH

1745-9
Translated Parameters:

12 Heads

986 Cylinders

33SPT

-

This is your. CMOS setting

1773-5

112

5

1140

28

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

1774-6

135

6

1140

28

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

1774-7

157

7

1140

28

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

1775-8

180

8

1140

28

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

1775-9

202

9

1140

28

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

MICROSCIENCE
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

4050

45

5

1024

17

18

MFM

3.50 HH

4060

68

5

1024

26

18

RLL

3.50 HH

4070

62

7

1024

17

18

MFM

3.50 HH

4090

95

7

1024

26

18

RLL

3.50 HH

5040

46

3

855

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

5070

77

5

855

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

5070-20

86

5

960

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

5100

107

7

855

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

5100-20

120

7

960

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

5160

159

7

1271

35

18

ESDI

3.50 HH

6100

110

7

855

36

18

SCSI

3.50 HH

Model
Number

124 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MICROSCIENCE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

47

3

855

36

18

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

7040
Translated Parameters:
86

6 Heads

5

17SPT - This is your CMOS setting

890 Cylinders

960

35

18

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

7070-20
Translated Parameters:
107

9 Heads

7

919 Cylinders

855

17SPT - This is your CMOS setti,ng

35

AT-IDE

18

3.50 HH

7100
Translated Parameters: 12 ,

>

ST 1201E

177

9

1072

36

15

ESDI

3.50 HH

ST 1201 N
ST 1201 NS

177

9

1068

36

15

SCSI
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

211

9

1272

36

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

ST 1239A
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads
ST 1239NS

156 Hard Drive Bible

210

9

1268

9540ylinders 36SPT .. This is your CMOS setting
36

15

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Seagate (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

331

7

1475

62

14

AT

3.50 HH

8T 1400A
Translated Parameters: "1SHeads ' 736 Cylinders . 62.SPT
8T 1400N

8T 1401A

- This is your CMOS setting

331

7

1476

62

14

8081-2

3.50 HH

340

9

1121

62

12

AT

3.50 HH

,."..

...... :-.-...:. . .

".

::.

Translated" Parameters: 15 Heads

736 Cylinders 62SPT -This is your CMOS setting
.....

8T 1401N

338

9

1121

62

12

8081-2

3.50 HH

426

9

1474

-

14

AT

3.50 HH

8T 1480A
895 Cylinders 62SPT

Translated·Parameters: 15 Heads
......

;<

j

." .

....

- This is your CMOS setting
,'."

..

;

8T 1480N
8T 1480ND

426

9

1476

62

14

8081-2

3.50 HH

8T 1480N
8T 1480NV

426

9

1476

62

14

8081-2

3.50 HH

8T 1481 N

426

9

1476

62

14

Fast
8081-2

3.50 HH

ST 1581N

525

9

1476

77

14

Fast
8081-2

3.50 HH

8T 1980N
ST 1980ND

860

13

1730

77

9.9
11.4

Fast
8081-2

3.50 HH

ST 2106E

92

5

1024

36

18

E8DI

5.25 HH

8T 2106N
ST2106NM

91

5

1022

36

18

8081

5.25 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

157

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

ST 2125
N,NM,NV

107

3

1544

45

18

SCSI

5.25 HH

ST 2182E

160

4

1453

54

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

ST 2209
N,NM,NV

179

5

1544

45

18

SCSI

5.25 HH

241

5

1747

54

16

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

ST 2274A
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
338

7

1747

465 Cylinders
54

63SPT

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

16

5.25 HH

ST 2383A
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads

737 Cylinders 56 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

ST 2383E

338

7

1747

54

16

ESDI

5.25 HH

ST 2383
N,NM,ND

332

7

1261

74

14

SCSI
SCSI-2

5.25 HH

ST 2502
N,NM,
ND,NV

435

7

1755

69

16

SCSI
SCSI-2

5.25 HH

43.1

7

706

17

16

AT-IDE

3.5 low
profile

ST 3051A
Translated Parameters:
89.1

16

6 Heads
590

820 Cylinders 17 SPT
17

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

14

ST 3096A
Translated Parameters:
106.9

16

10 Heads
754

1024 Cylinders 17 SPT
17

-

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

15

ST 3120A
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads
130.7

16

953

1024 Cylinders 17 SPT
17

-

ST 3144A
Translated Parameters: 15 Heads

158 Hard Drive Bible

1001 Cylinders 17 SPT

-

3.5 low
profile

This is your CMOS setting
AT-IDE

16

3.5 low
profile

3.5 low
profile

This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

214

16

413

63

16

AT-IDE

3.5 low
profile

ST 3243A
Translated Parameters: 12 Heads
245.3

16

470

-

1024Cylinders 36SPT
63

This is your CMOS setting

12

AT-IDE

ST 3283A
Translated· Parameters:
ST 3283N

16 Heads

470 Cylinders 63 SPT

-

3.5 low
profile

This is yourCMOS setting

248.6

NA

NA

-

12

Fast
SCSI-2

3.5 low
profile

340

14

767

63

12

AT-IDE

3.5lkow
profile

ST 3385A
Translated Parameters:
426

8

16 Heads
1820

659 Cylinders 63SPT
36

-

This is your CMOS setting

10

AT-IDE

3.50 111

ST 3500A
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads
ST 3500
N,ND

825 Cylinders 63 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

426

16

825

63

10

SCSI-2

3.50 111

452.4

7

1810

63

12

AT-IDE

3.5 low
profile

ST 3550A
Translated Parameters:
ST 3550N

16 Heads

876 Cylinders 63 SPT

This is your CMOS setting

456.5

7

1810

63

12

Fast
SCSI-2

3.5 low
profile

540

7

1874

-

10.5
12

AT-IDE

3.5 low
profile

ST 3600A
Translated Parameters:

©

-

16 Heads

1024 Cylinders 63 SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

ST 3600
N,ND

525

7

1872

-

10.2
12

Fast
SCSI-2

3.5 low
profile

ST 3601
N,ND

535

7

1872

-

10.2
12

Fast
SCSI-2

3.5 low
prof.

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

159

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

ST 4026

21

4

615

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4038

31

5

733

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4051

42

5

977

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4053

45

5

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4085

71

8

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4086

72

9

925

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4096

80.2

9

1024

17

28

RLL

5.25 FH

ST 4097

80

9

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

ST 4135R

115

9

960

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

ST 4144R

122.7

9

1024

26

28

ST412

5.25 FH

ST 4182E

160

9

969

36

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

ST 4182
N,NM

155

9

969

35

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 4350
N,NM

300

9

1412

46

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 4376
N,NM,NV

330

9

1546

45

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 4383E

338

13

1412

36

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

ST 4384E

338

15

1224

36

14.5

ESDI

5.25 FH

ST 4385
N,NM,NV

330

15

1412

55

10.7

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 4442E

380

15

1412

36

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

ST 4702
N,NM

601

15

1546

50

16.5

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 4766E

676

15

1632

54

15.5

SCSI

5.25 FH

160 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

ST 9095A

85.3

16

1024

63

16

AT-IDE

2.5"

ST 9096A

85.3

16

1024

63

16

AT

2.5"

ST 9096N

85

-

-

-

16

SCSI-2

2.50 .75"

ST 9100AG

85.3

16

1024

-

16

AT

2.5"

ST 9144

42.6

16

1024

63

16

AT-IDE

2.5"

ST 9144A

127.9

16

1024

63

16

AT-IDE

2.50 .75"

ST 9144N

128

-

-

-

16

SCSI-2

2.50 .75"

209.7

13/16

985
1024

-

16

AT

2.5"

ST 9235N

209

NA

NA

-

16

SCSI

2.5"

ST9295AG

261

16

1024

-

16

AT

2.5"

ST 11200
N, ND

1050

15

1877

-

10.5
12

Fast SCSI-2

3.5 HH

ST 11200
N, ND

1050

15

1877

-

10.5
12

Fast Wide
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 11700
N, ND

1430

13

2626

-

9
10.5

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 11701
N, ND

1430

13

2626

63

9
10.5

Fast Wide
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 11750
N, ND

1437

12

2756

63

8,9

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 11751
N, ND

1437

12

2756

63

8,9

Fast Wide
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 12400
N, ND

2100

19

2626

63

9
10.5

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 12401
N, ND

2100

19

2626

63

9
10.5

Fast Wide
SCSI-2

3.50 HH

Model
Number

ST9235AG

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

161

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

ST 12550
N, NO

2100

19

2756

63

8,9

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 12551
N, NO

2100

19

2756

63

8/9

Fast SCSI-2

3.50 HH

ST 31200
N, NO

1050

9

2626

63

9/10.5

Fast SCSI-2

3.5 low
prof.

ST 41097J

1097

17

2101

71

12

SMO-01E

5.25 FH

ST 41200
N, NM, NV

1037

15

1931

71

15

SCSI

5.25 FH

ST 41201
J, K

1200

15

2101

71

11.5

SMO-O/E

5.25 FH

ST41291K

1200

15

2101

71

11.5

IPI-2
dual port

5.25 FH

ST 41520
N,ND

1370

18

2101

71

11.5

SCSI-2
dual port

5.25 FH

ST 41600
N, NO

1370

18

2101

75

11.5

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 41601
N, NO

1370

18

2101

75

11.5

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 41650
N,NO

1415

15

2107

87

15

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 41651
N, NO

1415

15

2107

77

15

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 41800K

1624

15

2627

81

11

IPI-2
dual port

5.25 FH

ST 42000
N, NO

1792

15

2627

84

11

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 42100N

1900

15

2574

84

12.9

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 42100
NM,NO,
NV

1037

15

1931

84

15

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

162 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SEAGATE (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

ST 42101
N,NO

1900

15

2574

84

13

SCSI-2,
Fast Wide

5.25 FH

ST 42400N

2100

19

2653

84

11

SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 43200K

3385*

19

2738

91

10, 11

Fast Wide
SCSI-2
dual port

5.25 FH

ST 43400
N, NO

2912

19

2738

88

11

Fast SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 43401
N, NO

2912

19

2738

88

10, 11

Fast Wide
SCSI-2

5.25 FH

ST 43402
NO

2912

19

2738

88

10, 11

Fast Wide
SCSI-2
dual port

5.25 FH

ST 81236
J,K,N

1056

17

1635

64

15

SMO-O/E,
IPI-2, SCSI

8.00

ST 81123J

1123*

17

1635

64

15

SMO-O/E
dual port

8.00

ST81154K

1154*

17

1635

64

15

IPI-2
dual port

8.00

ST 82030
J,K

2030*

21

2120

64

11

SMO-O/E,
IPI-2
dual port

8.00

SHUGART
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

SA 604

5

4

160

17

140

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 606

7

6

160

17

140

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 607

5

2

306

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 612

11

4

306

17

100

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 706

6

2

320

17

120

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 712

11

4

320

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

SA 724

20

8

320

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

5

8

320

17

120

MFM

8.00

SA 1002
©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

163

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

SHUGART (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

SA 1004

10

-

-

17

-

MFM

8.00

SA 1106

30

-

-

17

-

MFM

8.00

SA 4004

14

-

-

17

-

MFM

14.00

SA 4008

29

-

-

17

-

MFM

14.00

SA 4100

56

-

-

17

-

MFM

14.00

SIEMENS
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

1200

174

8

1216

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

1300

261

12

1216

35

25

ESDI

5.25 FH

2200

174

8

1216

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

2300

261

12

1216

35

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

4410

322

11

1100

52

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

4420

334

11

1100

54

17

SCSI

5.25 FH

5710

655

15

1224

48

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

5720

655

15

1224

48

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

5810

688

15

1658

54

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

5820

688

15

1658

54

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

6200

1062

15

1921

72

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

164 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

STORAGE DIMENSIONS
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

AT-40

44

5

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 HH

AT-70

71

8

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 HH

AT-100R

109

8

1024

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

AT-100S

105

3

1224

54

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

AT-120

119

15

918

17

27

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-133

133

15

1024

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-140

142

8

1024

34

28

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-155E

157

7

1224

52

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-155S

156

9

1224

36

36

SCSI

5.25 FH

AT-160

159

15

1224

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

AT-200

204

15

1024

26

28

RLL

5.25 FH

AT-200S

204

7

1021

26

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

AT-320E

329

15

1224

35

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-320S

320

15

1224

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

AT-335E

338

15

1224

36

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-650E

651

15

1632

52

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

AT-650S

651

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

AT-1000S

1000

15

1632

63

15

SCSI

5.25 FH

MAC-195

195

7

-

-

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

PS-155E

156

9

1224

36

14

ESDI

5.25 FH

PS-155S

156

9

1224

36

14

SCSI

5.25 FH

PS-320S

320

15

1224

36

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

PS-335E

338

15

1224

36

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

PS-650S

651

15

1632

54

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

Model
Number

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

165

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SYQUEST
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

SO 225F

20

4

615

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

SO 306F

5

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

SO 306R

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

SO 306RD

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

SO 312

10

2

615

17

85

MFM

4.00 HH

SO 312RD

10

2

615

17

85

MFM

4.00 HH

SO 315F

21

4

612

17

65

MFM

4.00 HH

Sa319

10

2

612

17

85

MFM

4.00 HH

so 325

21

4

612

17

85

MFM

4.00 HH

SO 325F

20

4

615

17

65

MFM

4.00 HH

SO 338F

30

6

615

17

65

MFM

4.00 HH

SO 340AF

38

6

640

17

65

MFM

4.00 HH

44

2

1021

42

20

SCSI

5.25 HH

so 555
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads
43

2

1481

1011 Cylinders
41

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
15

AT-IDE

2.50

SO 2542A
Translated Parameters: 5 Heads
89

2

1720

988 Cylinders
82

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
20

SCSI

5.25 HH

SO 5110
Translated Parameters:

166 Hard Drive Bible

13 Heads

972 Cylinders

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

TANDON
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

TM244

41

4

782

26

37

RLL

5.25 HH

TM246

62

6

782

26

37

RLL

5.25 HH

TM 251

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

TM252

10

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

TM261

10

2

615

17

85

MFM

3.50 HH

TM262

21

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

TM 262R

20

2

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

TM264

41

4

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

TM344

41

4

782

26

37

RLL

3.50 HH

TM 346

62

6

782

26

37

RLL

3.50 HH

TM 361

10

2

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

TM362

21

4

615

17

65

MFM

3.50 HH

TM 362R

20

2

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

TM 364

41

4

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

TM 501

5

2

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

TM502

10

4

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

TM503

15

6

306

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

167

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

TANDON (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

TM 602S

5

4

153

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

TM 603S

10

6

153

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

TM 603SE

21

6

230

17

85

MFM

5.25 FH

TM702

20

4

615

26

40

RLL

5.25 FH

TM 702AT

8

4

615

17

35

MFM

5.25 FH

TM703

10

5

733

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

TM 703-C

25

5

733

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

TM 703AT

31

5

733

17

35

MFM

5.25 FH

TM705

41

5

962

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

TM755

43

5

981

17

33

MFM

5.25 HH

TM 2085

74

9

1004

36

25

SCSI

5.25 FH

TM 2128

115

9

1004

36

25

SCSI

5.25

TM 2170

154

9

1344

36

25

SCSI

5.25

TM 3085

71

8

1024

17

37

MFM

3.50 HH

TM 3085-R

104

8

1024

26

37

RLL

3.50 HH

TANDY
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form Factor

20

4

615

17

35

XT-IDE

5.25 HH

25-1045
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 615 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
25-1046

43

4

782

27

28

XT-IDE

5.25 HH

20

4

615

17

35

XT-IDE

-

25-1047
Translated Parameters: 4 Heads 615 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
168 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

TEAC
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

SO 150

10

4

306

17

80

MFM

5.25 FH

SO 340-A

43

2

1050

40

23

AT-IOE

3.50 HH

SO 340S

43

2

1050

40

23

SCSI

3.50 HH

SO 380

86

4

1050

40

20

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

SO 380-S

86

4

1050

40

20

SCSI

3.50 HH

SO 510

10

4

306

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

SO 520

20

4

615

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

SO 540

40

8

615

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

105

4

1381

48

-20

10E

3.50 HH

SO 3105H
Translated Parametera: 12 Heads 1005 Cylinders 17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
Model
Number
TI-5

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

5

4

153

17

65

MFM

5.25 FH

TOKICO
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

DK 503-2

10

4

306

17

105

MFM

5.25 FH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

169

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

TOSHIBA
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

MK 53FA(M)

43

5

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 53FA(R)

64

5

830

26

30

RLL

5.25 FH

MK 53FB(M)

43

5

830

17

25

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 53FB(R)

64

5

830

26

25

RLL

5.25 FH

MK 54FA(M)

60

7

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 54FA(R)

90

7

830

26

25

RLL

5.25 FH

MK 54FB(M)

60

7

830

17

25

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 54FB(R)

90

7

830

26

25

RLL

5.25 FH

MK 56FA(M)

86

10

830

17

30

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 56FA(R)

129

10

830

26

30

RLL

5.25 FH

MK 56FB(M)

72

10

830

17

25

MFM

5.25 FH

MK 56FB(R)

105

10

830

26

25

RLL

5.25 FH

MK72

72

10

830

17

25

MFM

3.50 HH

MK 72PCR

105

10

830

26

25

RLL

3.50 HH

MK 130

53

9

733

17

25

MFM

3.50 HH

MK 134FA(M)

44

7

733

17

25

MFM

3.50 HH

MK 134FA(R)

65

7

733

26

23

RLL

3.50 HH

MK 153FA

74

5

830

35

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

MK 153FB

74

5

830

35

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

MK 154FA

104

7

830

35

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

MK 154FB

104

7

830

35

23

SCSI

5.25 FH

MK 156FA

145

10

830

35

23

PC-ESDI

5.25 FH

170 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

TOSHIBA (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

MK 156FB

145

10

830

35

23

PC-SCSI

5.25 FH

MK232FB

45

3

845

35

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

MK233FB

76

5

845

35

25

SCSI

3.50 HH

101

7

845

35

25

PC-IDE

3.50 HH

Model
Number

MK234FB
Translated Parameters:
101

7

945 Cylinders

12 Heads

35

845

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
PC-IDE

25

3.50 HH

MK234FC
945 Cylinders

Translated Parameters: 12 Heads

17 SPT - This is your CMOS setting

MK250FA

382

10

1224

35

18

ESDI

5.25 FH

MK250FB

382

10

1224

35

18

SCSI

5.25 FH

MK355FA

459

9

1632

53

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

MK355FB

459

9

1632

53

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

MK358FA

676

15

1661

53

16

ESDI

5.25 FH

MK 358FB

676

15

1661

53

16

SCSI

5.25 FH

MK438FB

877

15

1691

53

12.5

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

MK 438FM

867

15

1691

53

13

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

MK538FB

1230

15

1980

53

12

SCSI-2

3.5"

MK556FA

152

10

830

36

23

ESDI

5.25 FH

107

4

1339

39

16

AT-IDE

3.50

MK 1034FC
Translated Parameters: 8 Heads
MK 1122FC

664 Cylinders

39SPT

-

This is your CMOS setting

43

5

988

17

23

AT-IDE

2.50

86

2

988

17

19

PC/AT-IDE

2.50

MK2024FC
Translated Parameters:
130

6

16 Heads
1820

615 Cylinders
48

17 SPT
17

-

This is your CMOS setting
PC/AT-IDE

2.50

MK 2124FC
Translated Parameters: 16 Heads 1155 Cylinders 17SPT
© CSC 1994

- This is your CMOS setting
Hard Drive Bible

171

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

TULIN
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

TL213

10

2

640

17

105

MFM

5.25 HH

TL226

22

4

640

1-7

85

MFM

5.25 HH

TL238

22

4

640

17

85

MFM

5.25 HH

TL240

33

6

640

17

65

MFM

5.25 HH

TL258

33

6

640

17

65

MFM

5.25 HH

TL326

22

4

640

17

65

MFM

5.25 HH

TL340

33

6

640

17

65

MFM

5.25 HH

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

VERTEX (also see Priam)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

V 130

26

3

987

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

V 150

43

5

987

17

40

MFM

5.25 FH

V 170

60

7

987

17

28

MFM

5.25 FH

172 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

WESTERN DIGITAL
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

WD262

20

4

615

17

80

MFM

3.50 HH

WD344R

40

4

782

26

40

RLL

3.50 HH

WD362

20

4

615

17

80

MFM

3.50 HH

WD382R

20

2

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD383R

30

4

615

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD384R

40

4

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD544R

40

4

782

26

40

RLL

3.50 HH

WD582R

20

2

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD583R

30

4

615

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD584R

40

4

782

26

85

RLL

3.50 HH

WD 93024-A

20

2

782

27

28

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93024-X

20

2

782

27

39

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93028
A,AD

20

2

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93028-X

20

2

782

27

80

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93034-X

30

3

782

27

39

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 173

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

WESTERN DIGITAL (Continued)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
in ms

Interface

Form
Factor

WD 93038-X

30

3

782

27

80

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93044-A

40

4

782

27

28

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93044-X

40

4

782

27

39

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93048-AD

40

4

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93048-A

40

4

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 93048-X

40

4

782

27

80

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95024-A

20

2

782

27

28

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

WD 95024-X

20

2

782

27

39

XT-IDE

5.25 HH

WD 95028-A

20

2

782

27

39

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

WD 95028-AD

20

2

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95028-X

20

2

782

27

80

XT-IDE

5.25 HH

WD 95034-X

30

3

782

27

39

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95044-A

40

4

782

27

28

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95044-X

40

4

782

27

39

XT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95048-A

40

4

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95048-AD

40

4

782

27

69

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD 95048-X

40

4

782

27

80

AT-IDE

5.25 HH

WD AB130

32

5

733

17

19

AT-IDE

2.50

WDAH260

63

7

1024

17

19

AT-IDE

2.50

WD AC140

42

5

980

17

18

AT-IDE

3.50

WD AC160

62

7

1024

17

17

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

174 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

WESTERN DIGITAL (Continued)
Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

WDAC280

85

10

980

17

18

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD AC2120

125

8

872

35

17

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD AP4200

212

12

987

35

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

WD M1130-44

41

2

1104

33

19

MCA

3.50 HH

WD M1130-72

68

4

1104

32

19

MCA

3.50 HH

WD SC8320

320

6

2105

35

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WD SC8400

400

8

1900

35

12

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

WD SP4200

209

4

1900

35

14

SCSI-2

3.50 HH

Condor

320

6

2105

35

13

SCSI

3.50 HH

105

2

1917

35

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Model
Number

Piranha 105A
Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 1000 Cylinders 16 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
Piranha 105S

105

2

1917

35

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

210

4

1917

35

15

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

Piranha 21 OA
Translated Parameters: 13 Heads 950 Cylinders 33 SPT - This is your CMOS setting
Piranha 21 OS

210

4

1917

35

15

SCSI

3.50 HH

XEBEX
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

OWL I

10

4

306

17/32

65

MFM

5.25 HH

OWL II

20

4

612

17/32

65

MFM

5.25 HH

OWL III

40

4

888

27

38

MFM

5.25 HH

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 175

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

YE-DATA (also see C. Itoh)
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

YD-3042

44

4

788

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3081B

45

2

1057

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3082

87

8

788

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3082B

90

4

1057

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3083B

136

6

1057

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3084B

181

8

1057

42

28

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3161 B

45

2

1057

42

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

YD-3162B

90

4

1057

42

19

AT-IDE

3.50 HH

YD-3181B

45

2

1057

42

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-31828

90

4

1057

42

19

SCSI

3.50 HH

YD-3530

32

5

731

17

-

MFM

5.25 HH

YD-3540

45

7

731

17

-

MFM

5.25 HH

ZENTEC
Model
Number

Formatted
Capacity

No. of
Heads

No. of
Cylinders

SPT

Avg
inms

Interface

Form
Factor

ZH 3100

86

-

-

-

20

AT-IDE
SCSI

3.50 HH

ZH 3140

121

-

-

-

20

AT-IDE
SCSI

3.50 HH

ZH 3240

237

-

-

-

12

AT-IDE
SCSI

3.50 HH

ZH 3380

332

-

-

-

12

AT-IDE
SCSI

3.50 HH

ZH 3490

427

-

-

-

12

AT-IDE
SCSI

3.50 HH

176 Hard Drive Bible

©

CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Controller Information
Listed on the following pages are descriptions of common controller cards with performance ratings and jumper
settings. The jumper settings listed are the default or most common configuration we've seen.
The jumper settings needed to make the card work in your system may be different. Use the settings shown as
a reference guide only. Be sure to consult the controller card manual for detailed information.

Adaptec Controllers:
Adaptec 1520
Adaptec 1522
A 16-bitcontroller that also supports SCSI-2.
The 1520 is a hard drive only controller. The 1522
also supports 2 floppy drives.

Adaptec 1540A
Adaptec 1542A
A 16-bit SCSI controller. The 1540A is a
hard drive only controller. The 1542A also supports 2 floppy drives.

Default
Jumpers:

In: J5-2, J5-5, J5-6,
J6-1, J6-2, J6-3, J6-5,
J7-1*, J7-2*, J7-4*, J7-6*
J8-4,
J9-2, J9-6, J9-7, J9-8

Notes:

*Used only on 1522 (floppy
jumpers)

Default
Jumpers:

In: J1-10, J6-1, J7-1, J14-2,
J15-2, J17 1&2*, J18 1&2*
J191&2*

Notes:

*Used only on 1542 (floppy
jumpers)

Default
Jumpers:

All switches off.

Adaptec AHA 1542CF
A 16-bit SCSI host adapter. Supports a total
of 7 internal and external devices. Also supports
floppy drives.

Adaptec 2070A
An 8-bit controller that controls 2 hard drives
only..

© CSC 1994

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:CCC

Notes:

Jumper E-F for removable
cartridge O. Jumper G-H for
removable cartridge drive 1.
Jumper K-L for controller
internal diagnostics. Boards
with PIN 401400 Rev. C or
later are required for use in
AT class machines.
Hard Drive Bible 177

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Adagtec Controllers (continued):
Adaptec 2320A
Adaptec 2322A
Adaptec 2322A-8
A 16-bit ESDI controller that controls 2 hard
drives at 10MHz and supports 1:1 interleave. The
2322A also supports two floppy drives. The 2232A8 supports data rates up to 15MHz.

Adaptec 2370A
Adaptec 2372A
A 16-bit RLL controller that controls 2 hard
drives and supports 1: 1interleave. The 2373A also
supports 2 floppy drives.

Default
Jumpers:

In: J13 1&2, J18 1&2, J19
1&2*, J20 1&2*, J21 2&3*

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

*2322A only for floppy
control.

Default
Jumpers:

In: J14 1&2, J19 1&2, J20
1&2*, J21 2&3*, J22 2&3*

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

*2372A only for floppy
control.

CCAT Controllers
CCAT 200A IDE Card pIn 6620000440
A 16-bit IDE controller that controls 2 IDE
drives and 2 floppy drives.

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

E1, E2, and E4 Installed

Conner Peripherals Controllers
Conner IDE Card pIn 02090-002
A 16-bit IDE paddle board that controlls 2
IDE drive.

178 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CSC Controllers

CSC AK-47 VESA SCSI-II
A 16-bit high speed SCSI-II controller. Controls up to 7 total internal or external hard, optical,
and tape drives. Also supports up to 4 floppy
drives.

Memory Base Address Setting
SW7

SW8

Address Range

Off

On

DOOO-D7FF**

On

Off

D800-DFFF

On

On

C800-CFFF

Off

Off

EOOO-E7FF

I/O Base Address Setting
SW6

I/O Address Range

On

180H - 19FH

Off

320H - 33FH**

Floppy Drive Enable/Disable
SW1

Floppy Control

On

Disable Floppy

Off

Enable Floppy
Interrupt Select Options

CSC Caching ESDI Card
A 16-bit caching controller which supports
up to a total of7 ESDI hard drive devices, and lup
to 4 floppies. Up to 32MB on board cache.

JUMPER
Jumper
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W9

I/O Address

Valid IRQ

180-19FH

IRQ14

320-33FH

IRQ15

FUNCTIONS AND DEFAULTS
Function
Default Jumper
BIOS Address
ON
ON
BIOS Address
ON
ON
Hard Disk Enable
ON
ON
Fixed Disk Address OFF
OFF
Floppy Enable
ON
ON
Cache Enable
OFF
ON
DACK2 Enable
ON
ON
Floppy Address
3FX
1/2

IRQ SETTINGS ON SIP SWITCH SW1
IRQ LEVEL
1 2 3 4
5
6
11
On On Off Off Off Off
12
Off Off On On Off Off
14
Off Off Off Off On On
15
Off Off Off Off Off Off

7
Off
Off
Off
On

8
Off
Off
Off
On

NOTES: To disable the hard drive controller: remove the jumper from W# and turn ALL switches on SW1
to OFF. To disable the floppy controller: remove the
jumpers from W5 and W7. To disable the Caching
Algorithm: install the jumper at W6.
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 179

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

esc Controllers (Continued}
CSC FastCache 32
Supports up to 7 SCSI devices and 4 floppy
drives. Up to 32MB on board cache. A single 8-bit
position dip switch is used for hardware configurations and are shown in the table to the right.

Floppy Drive

Base Address
SWO

SW1

ON
ON
OFF
OFF

ON
OFF
ON
OFF

SW5
0000

Enabled
Disabled

EOOO
0800
Module Type

Bus Speed
SW4
ON
OFF

ON
OFF

caoo

Fast
Faster

SW2

SW3

ON
ON
OFF

ON
OFF
ON

256K
1MB
4MB

Switches 6&7 control the floppy disk density and
should be left ON for standard floppy drives.
Switch 8 in not used.

CSC FastCache 64
Supports up to 7 SCSI devices and 4 floppy
drives. Up to 64MB on board cache. A single 8-bit
position dip switch is used for hardware configurations and are shown in the table to the right.

Interrupt
SW1

SW2

OFF
ON
OFF

OFF
OFF
ON

Floppy Drive
SW3
None
IRQ14
IRQ15

Bus Speed
SW4
ON
OFF

Non-Std
Standard

ON
OFF

Enabled
Disabled

Module Type
SW5

SW6

ON
OFF
ON
OFF

ON
ON
OFF
OFF

256K
1MB
4MB
16MB

Base Address

180 Hard Drive Bible

SW7

SW8

Address

OFF
ON
OFF
ON

ON
ON
OFF
OFF

C800
0000
0800

EOOO
© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CSC Controllers (Continued)
CSC IDE FastCache 64
The IDE FastCache 64 controls up to 2
IDE drives and 4 floppy drives and can have up
to 64MB of onboard cache memory.

Base Address
SW1

SW2

ON
ON
OFF
OFF

OFF
ON
OFF
ON

SIMMType

Address
C800*
0000
0800

EOOO

SW3

SW4

Module

ON
ON
OFF
OFF

ON
OFF
ON
OFF

256KB
1MB
4MB
16MB

Bus Compatibility
SW5
OFF
ON

Floppy Drives
SW6

Standard*
Non-Standard

ON
OFF

IDE Address

Drive Interrupt

SW7
ON
OFF

Enabled*
Disabled

SW8
Primary*
Secondary

ON
OFF

Buffered*
Unbuffered

DTC Controllers
DTC 3250
An 8-bit SCSI controller that also controls 2
floppy drives.

DTC 3180
DTC 3280
A 16-bit SCSI controller. 3280 also controls
floppy drives.

© CSC 1994

Default
Jumpers:

In: W1. ON: SW2-1, SW2-8,
SW2-9

To Format,
Use:

GSDIAG

Default
Jumpers:

W1 2&3, W2 1&2*
SW1-8* SW1-1 0*

To Format,
Use:

GSDIAG program

Notes:

*3280 only for floppy
control.

Hard Drive Bible 181

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

DTe Controllers (Continued)
DTC 3290
An EISA bus SCSI controller with up to 4MB
cache RAM. Controls up to 7 SCSI devices and 2
floppies.

DTC 5150
An XT (8-bit) MFM controller for 2 hard
drives. 2: 1 interleave.

DTC 5180C Rev. C
DTC 5180C Rev. G
DTC 5180CR
DTC 5180CRH
DTC 51801
These are 16-bit MFM hard drive, 2: 1 interleave controllers.

DTC 5187
DTC 5187-1
DTC 5187CR
DTC 5187CRH
DTC 51871

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

GSDIAG program

Default
Jumpers:

IN: W1 1&2, W2, W3 2&3
ON: SW4-4

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

C Rev. C: W1
C Rev. G: W2, W3, W6
CR: W4 2&3, W5 2&3
CRH: W5 1&2, W6, W7
I: W42&3

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

87 & 87-1: W1, W2, W4,
W77&8
CR: W1, W4 2&3, W5 1&2,
W6, W7, W8
CRH: W1, W4 1&2, W5 2&3
W6, W7, W8
I: W4 2&3, W6, W7, W8

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

All Models: W5, W6

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

These are 16-bit RLL hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers.

DTC 5280CA-1
DTC 5280Cl-1
DTC 5280CRA
DTC 5280CRZ
DTC 52801
These are 16-bit MFM hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers that also control 2 floppy drives.
182 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

OTC Controllers (Continued)

OTC 5387
OTC 5287CR
OTC 52871
These are 16-bit RLL hard drive, 2:1 interleave controllers that also control 2 floppy drives.

OTC 6180A
OTC 6280A
A 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controller for 2
hard dives at 10MHz. Model 6280 also controls 2
floppy drives.

OTC 6180-15T
OTC 6280-15T

Default
Jumpers:

87:W3, W5, W6, W7
CR: W5, W6 2&3, W8, W10
I: W5, W6, W8, W10

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

6180: W3, SW1-4
6280: W2

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

6180-15T: W4 2&3, SW1-1,
SW1-4 SW1-7, SW1-8
6280-15T: SW1-2, SW1-6,
SW1-9 SW1-10

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

6180-15TX: W4 1&2, W5
1&2, SW1-1, SW1-4,
SW1-7, SW1-8.
6280-15TX: W4 1&2, W5
1&2 SW1-2, SW1-6,
SW1-9, SW1-10.
6282-24: W1 5&6, W1 7&8,
W1 9&10, W2 21&22, W2
25&26.

To Format,
Use:

G=C800

Default
Jumpers:

6290-24: SW1-4, SW1-5
6290E: SW1-4,

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

Supports translation mode
for large capacity drives.

A 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controller for 2
hard dives at 10MHz. Model 6280-15T also controls 2 floppy drives.

OTe 6180-15TX
OTC 6280-15TX
OTC 6282-24
These are 16-bit ESDI, 1: 1 interleave controllers that control 2 hard drives. Models 628015TX and 6282-24 also control 2 floppy drives.
These controllers can operate at data rates up to
15MHz.

OTC 6290-24
OTC 6290E
EISA, ESDI, 1:1 interleave controllers with
up to 4MB cache. Controls up to 4 ESDI drives and
2 floppies.

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 183

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

OTC Controllers (Continued)
DTC 6195
DTC 6295
EISA, ESDI, 1: 1 interleave hard drive controller. Model 6295 also controls 2 floppy drives.

DTC 7180
DTC 7280
An MFM, 1: 1interleave hard drive controler.
Model 7280 also supports 2 floppy drives..

DTe 7187
DTC 7287
An RLL, 1: 1 interleave hard drive controller.
Model 7287 also supports 2 floppy drives.

DTK Controllers (Data Enterprises)

Default
Jumpers:

6195: SW1-4
6295: SW1-4, SW1-8

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

Supports translation mode
for large capacity drives.

Default
Jumpers:

7180: W4 2&3, W6
7280: W5, W6

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

7187: W4 2&3, W6, W7, W8
7287:W5, W6, W8

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

W1 1&2, W2 1&2, W3 2&3

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

SpeedStor or Disk Manager

PTI·215
A 16-bit IDE controller for 2 hard drives and
2 floppy drives.

Everex Controllers
Everex EV·346
A 16-bit, 1: 1 interleave, MFM hard drive and
floppy controller

184 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Future Domain Controllers

Default
Jumpers:

W1 &W2

To Format,
Use:

Future Domain Software

Future Domain TMC-885
An 8-bit SCSI host adapter, also controls 2
floppy drives.

Future Domain TMC-1670SVP
A 16-bit SCSI-2 host adapter, also controls 2
floppy drives.

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

Future Domain TMC-1660 DNK
Future Domain TMC-1680 DNK
A 16-bit SCSI-2 host adapter. The 1680 also
controls 2 floppy drives.

Longshine Controllers

Future Domain Software

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

Future Domain Software

Default
Jumpers:

1-8 heads: JP1 1&2
9-16 heads: JP1 2&3

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

JP5, lower two pins
jumpered.

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, Speedstor, or Disk
Manager

Longshine LCS-6210D
An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives.

NCL Controllers
NOC 5125
A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives
and 2 floppy drives.

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 185

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Seagate Controllers
Seagate ST-01
Seagate ST-02
An 8-bit SCSI controller for up to 7 devices.
ST-02 also supports 2 floppy drives.

Seagate ST-05X
An 8-bit XT-IDE controller for up to 2 hard
drives.

Seagate ST-07A
Seagate ST-DBA
A16-bit AT-IDE controller for up to 2 hard
drives. Model ST-08A also controls up to 2 floppy
drives.

Seagate ST-11M
Seagate ST-11R
ST-11M is an 8-bit MFM drive controller.
ST-11R is an 8-bit RLL hard drive controller.

Seagate S1-21 M
Seagate S1-21 R
Seagate ST-22M
Seagate S1-22R
ST-21M and ST-22M are 16-bit MFM hard
drive controllers. ST-21R and ST-22R are 16-bit
RLL controllers. ST-22M and ST-22R also control
2 floppy drives.
186 Hard Drive Bible

Default
Jumpers:

JP5 N&O*, JP6 Q&R.

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

* for ST-02 only.

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Default
Jumpers:

JP4 1&2*, JP5 1&2.

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Notes:

*for ST-08A only

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

JP4*

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

* ST-22M & ST-22R only

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SMS/OMTI Controllers

Default
Jumpers:

W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3 1&2,
W42&3.

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5 or OMTIDISK

Notes:

HA7 BIOS may cause
partitioning problems with
DOS 4.0 or later

Default
Jumpers:

W5, W7, W17, W21, W24,
W28, W32, W33 1&2, W35,
W382&3.

To Format,
Use:

G=D800:6

Notes:

Drivers for Novell and more
than 2 SCSI drives are
available. May not operate
in machines with 8MHz bus
speed and no wait states.

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:6

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:6

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:6

SMS/ OMTI 510
An 8-bit SCSI controller for 2 hard drives
only.

SMS/OMTI 822
A 16-bit SCSI controller for 2 hard drives
and 2 floppy drives.

SMS/OMTI 5520
An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives
only.

SMS/OMTI 5527
An 8-bit RLL controller for 2 hard drives
only.

SMS/OMTI 8120
A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives
only.

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 187

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SMS/OMTI Controllers (Continued)
SMS/OMTI8140
SMS/OMTI 8240
A 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives.
Supports 1: 1 interleave and fast (average 700 Kb/
sec transfer). The 8240 also supports 2 floppy
drives.

SMS/OMTI 8630
A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives and
2 floppy drives. Operates with drive rates up to 10
MHz. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and has a 32K lookahead cache.

SMS/OMTI8640
A 16-bitESDI controller for 2 hard drives and
2 floppy drives. Operates with drive rates up to 15
MHz. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and has a 32K lookahead cache.

Storage Dimensions Controllers
Storage Dimensions SDC-801
Storage Dimensions SDC-802
An 8-bit SCSI host adapter. SDC-802 also
controls 2 floppy drives.

188 Hard Drive Bible

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

OMTIDISK software.

Notes:

Incompatible with some
motherboards due to timing
problem, but runs solid as a
rock in boards that comply
with the original IBM-AT bus
timing specifications.

Default
Jumpers:

W17, W20 2&3, W23, W24,
W25.

To Format,
Use:

G=CAOO:6

Default
Jumpers:

W17, W20 2&3, W23, W24,
W25.

To Format,
Use:

G=CAOO:6

Notes:

No known compatibility
problems; a good universal
card.

Default
Jumpers:

SDC-801: JP1-3
SDC-802: W3

To Format,
Use:

SpeedStor or Disk Manager

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Ultrastor Controllers
Ultrastor 12C
AI: 1 interleave caching controller for 2
ESDI drives at up to 24MHz. Also controls up to 3
floppy drives. Up to 16MB of caching memory can
be installed.

Ultrastor 12F
Ultrastor 12F-24
AI: 1 interleave controller for 2 ESDI drives
at up to 22MHz. Also controls up to 3 floppy drives.
The 12F-24 supports 24MHz drives.

Ultrastor 15C
Ultrastor 15CM
A caching controller for 2 IDE drives and 3
floppy drives. Up to 8 MB of cache memory can be
installed. The 15 CM also provides 2 serial ports, 2
parallel ports, and a game port.

Ultrastor 22C
Ultrastor 22F
An ESDI bus ESDI controller for 2 hard
drives only. Supports 24 MHz drives. The 22C
caching controller supports up to 16 MB of cache
memory.

Ultrastor 24C
Ultrastor 24F
An EISA bus SCSI controller for up to 7
devices and 3 floppy drives. The 24C supports up
to 16 MB of cache memory.

©

esc 1994

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:
To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Hard Drive Bible 189

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Wangtec Controllers

Default
Jumpers:

E 3&4, E 8&9, E 11&12,
W1, W2, W5.

Notes:

See manual for switch
settings and DMA and
Interrupt jumpers. Most
reported problems with this
card are a result of DMA
interrupt conflicts.

Default
Jumpers:

W13&4

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Default
Jumpers:

W1 3&4, W2 1&2

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Default
Jumpers:

W3 3&4, W4 1&2, W7 3&4,
W7 5&6, W7 7&8, W8 1&2,
5&6,
9&10, W9
1&2, W9 3&4

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Default
Jumpers:

No jumpers on board

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

Does not support
daisy-chain cables. A
separate cable must be
used for each drive.

Wangtec EV·831
Controls QIC-36 tape drives.

Western Digital Controllers
Western Digital WD AT140
A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE
drives.

Western Digital WD AT240
A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE
drives and 2 floppy drives.

Western Digital WD AT440
A 16-bit adapter board for 2 AT type IDE
drives and 2 floppy drives. This board also has 2
serial ports and 1 parallel port.

WeslernDigilal WD XT140
An 8-bit adapter board for 2 XT type IDE
drives.

190 Hard Drive Bible

we

we

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Western Digital Controllers (Continued)

Default
Jumpers:

W1 2&3, W2 1&2, W3 1&2

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Notes:

Does not support
daisy-chain cables.

Default
Jumpers:

See manual

To Format,
Use:

See manual

Default
Jumpers:

GEN: No jumpers on board
GEN2: None
GEN2R: None

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Western Digital WD XT150R
An 8-bit adapter board for 1 XT type IDE
drive.

Western Digital WD SCS-XTAT
An 8-bit SCSI host adapter for AT and XT
type computers.

Western Digital WD XTGEN
Western Digital WD XTGEN2
Western Digital WD XTGENR
XT-GEN and XT-GEN2 are 8-bit MFM
controllers for 2 hard drives only. XT-GENR is an
8-bit RLL controller.

Western Digital WD 1002A-FOX F001/003
The FOOl controls 2 floppy drives only (No
BIOS on card). The F003 includes a ROM BIOS.

Western Digital WD 1002A-FOX F002/004
F002 controls 4 floppy drives only. F004 has
a BIOS on card which permits installation of 1.2
and 1.44 MB drives in XT machines that normally
only support 360K or 720K drives.

© CSC 1994

Default
Jumpers:

I

W42&3

Default
Jumpers:

W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3 1&2
W5 2&3, W6 2&3.

To Format,
Use:

DOS

Notes:

Uses WD-37C65 chip,
works well in 286/386
machines.

Hard Drive Bible 191

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Western Digital Controllers (Continued)
Western Digital WD 1002-27X
Western Digital WD 1002A-27X

Default
Jumpers:

1002-27X: W3, W4 2&3, W6
2&3, W8 2&3 S1-5, S1-6,
W9
1002A-27X: W1, W2.

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

W3, W4 2&3, W6 2&3, W8
2&3, S1-8 (AT Mode)

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

W6 2&3, W4 2&3, W5 1&2

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk
Manager

Default
Jumpers:

E 2&3, E 4&5, E 7&8

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk
Manager

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk
Manager

Default
Jumpers:

None Installed

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, SpeedStor, or Disk
Manager

An 8-bit RLL controller for 2 hard drives
only.

Western Digital WD 1002A-WX1
An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives
only.

Western Digital WD 1003-WAH
A 16-bit MFM, 3: 1 interleave controller that
supports 2 hard drives only.

Western Digital WD 1003-WA2
Controls 2 hard drives at 3: I interleave and 2
floppy drives.

Western Digital WD 1003V-MM1
Western Digital WD 1003V-MM2
MMI is a 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard
drives at 2: 1 interleave. MM2 also controls 2 floppy
drives.

Western Digital WD 1003V-SR1
Western Digital WD 1003V-SR2
SRI is a I6-bit controller for 2 hard drives at
2: 1 interleave. SR2 also controls 2 floppy drives.

192 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Western Digital Controllers (Continued)
Western Digital WD 1004-27X
Western Digital WD 1004A-27X

Default
Jumpers:

W25

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

See manual

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

See manual

To Format,
Use:

G=C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

No jumpers on board

To Format,
Use:

System supplied software.

Default
Jumpers:

No jumpers installed

To Format,
Use:

DIAGS, SpeedStor or Disk
Manager

Default
Jumpers:

None installed

To Format,
Use:

C800:5

An 8-bit controller for 2 hard drives only.

Western Digital WD 1004A-WX1
An 8-bit MFM controller for 2 hard drives
only.

Western Digital WD 10045A-WAH
An ESDI controller for 2 hard drives only.

Western Digital WD 1006V-MC1
Western Digital WD 1006V-MCR
Mel is an MFM micro channel controller,
and MeR is an RLL micro channel controller.

Western Digital WD 1006V-MM1
Western Digital WD 1006V-MM2
MMI is a 16-bit MFM controller for 2 hard
drives at I: I inteleave. MM2 also controls 2 floppy
drives.

Western Digital WD 1006V-SR1
Western Digital WD 1006V-SR2
SRI is a 16-bit RLL controller for 2 hard
drives at I: I inteleave. SR2 also controls 2 floppy
drives.

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 193

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Western Digital Controllers (Continued}
Western Digital WD 1007A·WA2
A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives
and 2 floppy drives. Supports 1: 1 interleave, and
10MBits/sec transfer.

Western Digital WD 1007A-WAH
A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives. 10
Mb/ps at 1: 1 interleave.

Western Digital WD 1007V-MC1
A micro channel controller for 2 ESDI
drives.

Western Digital WD 1007V·SE1
Western Digital WD 1007V·SE2
A 16-bit ESDI controller for 2 hard drives at
1: 1 interleave with 32K loo-ahead cache. Model
SE2 also controls 2 floppy drives.

Western Digital WD 1009V·SE1
Western Digital WD 1009V-SE2
A high-speed 16-bit ESDI controller with
64K cache, 1: 1 interleave, and up to 24Mbitlsec
transfer. Available in ISA or EISA bus models.
Model SE2 also supports up to 3 floppy drives.

194 Hard Drive Bible

Default
Jumpers:

See manual

To Format,
Use:

C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

W1 2&3, W2 2&3, W3

To Format,
Use:

C800:5

Default
Jumpers:

No jumpers on board

To Format,
Use:

System supplied software

Default
Jumpers:

W7 1&2, W8 2&3

To Format,
Use:

G=CCOO:5 or C800:5 is W8
is jumpered to 1&2.

Default
Jumpers:

W2 2&3(floppy), W3 1&2,
W7 (EISA only)

To Format,
Use:

C800:5

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Western Digital Controllers (Continued)
Western Digital WD 7000 FASST

Default
Jumpers:

SA3, SA4, SA6, SA?, SA13,
SA14, SA15, SA16, W1
1&2, W2 3&4, W2 9&10,
W5

To Format,
Use:

Supplied Software

Notes:

Negotiates for synchronous
SCSI transfer. Drivers
available for Novell and
Xenix.

A 16-bit SCSI controller that supports up to 7
SCSI devices and 2 floppy drives.

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 195

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

196 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Connector Pinouts
The following pages contain pinout information on various interfaces.

IDE Interface Pinout
Table D - IDE Pinouts
Pin Number

Signal

Pin Number

Signal

01
03
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39

-Host Reset
+Host Data 7
+Host Data 6
+Host Data 5
+Host Data 4
+Host Data 3
+Host Data 2
+Host Data 1
+Host Data 0
Ground
Reserved
-Host lOW
-Host lOR
Reserved
Reserved
+Host IRQ 14
+Host ADDR 1
+Host ADDR 0
-Host CSO
-Host SLV/ACT

02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

Ground
+Host Data 8
+Host Data 9
+Host Data 10
+Host Data 11
+Host Data 12
+Host Data 13
+Host Data 14
+Host Data 15
Key
Ground
Ground
Ground
+Host ALE
Ground
+Host 1016
-Host PDIAG
+Host ADDR 2
-Host CS1
Ground

ESDI Pinouts
Table E - ESDI Control Signals - Jl/Pl

© CSC 1994

Control Signal Name

Ground

Signal Pin

Transmission

-Head Select 3
-Head Select 2
-Write Gate
-Config/-Status Data
-Transfer Ack
-Attention
-Head Select 0
-Sector/-Address Mark
Found
-Head Select 1
-Index
-Ready
-Transfer Request
-Drive Select 1
-Drive Select 2
-Drive Select 3
-Read Gate

1
3
5

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive
To Controller
To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive

7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

Hard Drive Bible 197

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

ESDI Pinouts (Continued)
Table F - ESDI Data Signals - J2/P2
Control Signal Name

Ground

-Drive Selected
-Sector Address Mark
Found
-Seek Complete
-Address Mark Enable
-Reserved for Step Mode
+Write Clock
-Write Clock
-Cartridge Changed
+Read Reference Clock
-Read Reference Clock
+NRZ Write Data
-NRZ Write Data
+NRZ Read Data
-NRZ Read Data

Signal Pin

Transmission

1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
17
18
20

To Controller
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive
To Controller
To Drive
To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive
To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Controller

6

12
15,16
19

Table G - ESDI DC Power - J3/P3

+12 Volts DC
+5 Volts DC

VOLTAGE

GROUND

1

2
3

4

TRANSMISSION
To Drive
To Drive

IBM 110 Channel Pinout
Table H - I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides C & D)

198 Hard Drive Bible

PIN

SIGNAL NAME

PIN

SIGNAL NAME

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18

SBHE
LA23
LA22
LA21
LA20
LA19
LA18
LA17
IMEMR
IMEMW
SD08
8D09
8D10
8D11
8012
SD13
SD14
SD15

D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
08
D9
D10
011
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
017
D18

IMEMCS16
IIOCS16
IRQ10
IRQ11
IRQ12
IRQ15
IRQ14
10ACKO
DRQO
IDACK5
ORQ5
IOACK6
DRQ6
IDACK7
OR07
+5VCC
IMASTER
GND

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

IBM 110 Channel Pinout (Continued)
Table I - 110 Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides A & B)
PIN

SIGNAL NAME

PIN

SIGNAL NAME

A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
A31

IIOCHCK
S07
S06
S05
S04
S03
S02
S01
SOO
IIOCHROY
AEN
SA19
SA18
SA17
SA16
SA15
SA14
SA13
SA12
SA11
SA10
SA9
SA8
SA7
SA6
SA5
SA4
SA3
SA2
SA1
SAO

B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
826
B27
B28
829
B30
B31

GNO
RESETORV
+5VCC
IRQ9
-5VCC
ORQ2
-12VCC
OWS
+12VCC
GNO
ISMEMW
ISMEMR
flOW
IIIOR

IOACK3
ORQ3
fOACK1
ORQ1
IREFRESH
ClK
IRQ7
IA06
IAQ5
IAQ4
IAQ3
IOACK2
TIC

ALE
+5VCC
OSC
GNO

81-506 Pinout
Table K - ST-506 Control Signals - JIIPI

© CSC 1994

Control Signal Name

Groundl

Signal Pin

Transmission

-Head Select 8
-Head Select 4
-Write Gate
-Seek Complete
-Track 0
-Write Fault
-Head Select 1
Reserved (To J2 pin 7)
-Head Select 2
-Index
-Ready
-Step
-Drive Select 1
-Drive Select 2
-Drive Select 3
-Drive Select 4
-Direction In

1
3

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive

5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

- -- - -

To Drive
To Controller
To Controller
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
To Drive
Hard Drive Bible 199

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SCSI Pinout
IDCPIN
NUMBER

CENTRONICS PIN
NUMBER

1

1

2

26

3

2

4

27

5

3

6

28

7

4

8

29

9

5

10

30

11

6

12

31

13

7

14

32

15

8

16

33

17

9

18

34

19

10

20

35

21

11

MAC DB-25
PIN NUMBER

SINGLE-ENDED
SIGNAL NAME

DIFFERENTIAL
SIGNAL NAME

Ground

Shield Ground

8

-Data Bus Bit 0

Ground

Ground

+DB (0)

21

-Data Bus Bit 1

-DB (0)

Ground

+DB (1)

22

10

23

-Data Bus Bit 2

-DB (1)

Ground

+DB (2)

-Data Bus Bit 3

-DB (2)

Ground

+DB (3)

-Data Bus Bit 4

-DB (3)

Ground

+DB (4)

11

-Data Bus Bit 5

-DB (4)

Ground

+DB (5)

12

-Data Bus Bit 6

-DB (5)

Ground

+DB (6)

13

20

7

-Data Bus Bit 7

-DB (6)

Ground

+DB (7)

-Data Bus Parity Bit

-DB (7)

Ground

+DB (P)

Ground

-DB (P)

Ground

DIFFSENS

22

36

23

12

24

37

24

Ground

Ground

25

13

25

Not Connected

TERMPWR

26

38

Terminator Power Source

TERMPWR

27

14

Ground

Ground

28

39

Ground

Ground

29

15

Ground

+ATN

30

40

31

16

32

41

33

17

34

42

35

18

36

43

37

19

38

44

39

20

40

45

41

21

42

46

43

22

44

47

45

23

46

48

47

24

48

49

49

25

50

50

200 Hard Drive Bible

9

14

16

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

-ATN

Ground

Ground

-ATN (Attention)

Ground

Ground

+BSY

18

Ground

-BSY

Ground

+ACK

6

-BSY (Busy)

-ACK

Ground

+RST

17

5

-ACK (Acknowledge)

-RST

Ground

+MSG

-RST (Reset Bus)

-MSG

Ground

+SEL

2

-MSG (Message)

-SEL

Ground

+C/D

19

-SEL (Select)

-C/O

Ground

+REQ

-C/O (Command/Data)

-REQ

Ground

+1/0

4

15

1

3

-REQ (Request)

-I/O

Ground

Ground

-I/O (Input/Output)

Ground

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Table L - ST-506 Data Signals - J2/P2
Control Signal Name
-Drive Selected
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved (To J1 pin 16)
Reserved
Reserved
Ground
+MFM Write Data
-MFM Write Data
Ground
+MFM Read Data
-MFM Read Data
Ground

Ground

Signal Pin

Transmission

2
4
6
8

1
3
5
7
9
10

To Controller

13
14

To Drive
To Drive

17
18

To Controller
To Controller

--- - - - -- -- - - - - - --- - - -----

11,12

- - ---

15,16

---- -

19,20

Table M - ST-506 DC Power - J31P3

+12 Volts DC
+5 Volts DC

VOLTAGE

GROUND

1
4

2
3

TRANSMISSION
To Drive
To Drive

SA-400 Pinout
Table N - SA-400 Interface Signals and Pin Designations
Signal Name
HD (High Density) I LSP (Speed)
In Use/Head Load
-Drive Select 3
-Index Pulse
-Drive Select 0
-Drive Select 1
-Drive Select 2
-Motor On
-Direction Select
-Step
-Write Data
-Write Gate
-Track 00
-Write Protect
-Read Data
-Side One Select
-Ready/Disk Change
© CSC 1994

Direction

Signal Pin Number

Return Pin Number

Out/In
Input
Input
Output
Input
Input
Input
Input
Input
Input
Input
Input
Output
Output
Output
Input
Output

2
4
6

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

Hard Drive Bible

201

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

OIC·36 Pinout
The QIC-36 interface is implemented through a 50-pin dual inline header. The suggested mating connector is
a 3M PIN 3425-60XX, 3425-70XX or equivalent. Maximum cable length is 10 feet (3 meters).
The connector pins are numbered 1 to 50. All odd pins are signal returns and are connected to the controller board
ground. Table 0 shows pin assignments.

Table 0 - QIC-36 Connector Pin Assignments
Description
Tape Motion Enable
Tape Direction Control
Track Select 2/3
Track Select 2/2
Track Select 2/1
Track Select 2/0
Reset (Initialize Drive)
Reserved (not used)
Reserved (not used)
Reserved (not used)
Drive Select 0
High Write Current
Read Data (Pulse Output)
Upper Tape Position Code
Lower Tape Position Code
Drive Select Response
Cartridge In Place
Unsafe (No Write Protect)
Capstan Tachometer Pulse
Write Data Signal Write Data Signal +
Threshold (35% Read Margin)
High Speed Slew Select
Write Enable
Erase Enable

202 Hard Drive Bible

Signal

Source

Pin

Return

GOREVTR3TR2TR1TRORSTDS3DS2DS1DSOHCRDPUTHLTHSLDCINUSFTCHWDAWDA+
TDHHSDWENEEN-

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
C
C
C
C
C
C

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Drive Jumpers
The following pages contain information on jumper settings for common hard drives. For more complete
information, refer to the OEM manual available from your supplier.

Atasi 3085

NC
DIAGNOSTIC OUT
DIAGNOSTIC IN

RADIAL MODE
DRIVESELO
DRIVESEL 1
DRIVE SEL 2
DRIVESEL3
RUN/STOP ENABLE

RESET
GROUND
NC
+5v
5VRET
12V RET
+12V

Figure 11 - Atasi 3085 Jumper Locations

CDC Wren III Series
ARROW PIN I IDENTIFIER

ARROW PIN I
I.

I'

INTERFACE CABLE

MOTOR START
OPTION

Figure 12 - CDC Wren III Series Jumper Locations

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 203

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

esc Wren III Series (SCSI Jumpers)
DRIVE
LOGICAL SELECT
ADDRESS JUMPERS

re•.,

o l!....~

re.~

1 l!....~

*DRIVE

DRIVEIDANDOPTION
lLEcrHEADER***TE~ATORPOWER
SOJdltCESELEGrJUl\1PER

SELECT
JUMPER \

•
l.!J~. .I!J • l!J

irel~. rel~~1
I

:::::...JI

~

rer-l"

2 l!...l!J~

rer-l~

3 l!...1!1~

4 ~• . ,
U!...~

5 ~.lij

------

M210P~

~.

DRIVE SELECT 0-7 **PARITY CHECK
(BINARY CODED)
MOTOR START OPTION****

k·~

6

~r-I"
U!..l!I~

7

~C]]

* Drive ID is binary coded jumper position (most significant bit on left). Le., jumper in position 2
would be Drive ID 4, no jumpers mean ID O.
** Jumper plug installed means parity checking by the WREN III is enabled.
*** Jumper in vertical position means terminator power (+5V) is from WREN III power connector.
Jumper in horizontal position means terminator power is taken from interface cable.
If unit is not terminated, TP jumper is to be left off.
**** Jumper plug installed enables Motor Start Option. In this mode of operation, the drive will
wait for a Start Unit command from the Host before starting the motor. If the jumper plug is not
installed, the motor will start as soon as DC power is applied to the unit.

Figure 13 -

204 Hard Drive Bible

esc Wren III Series Jumper Location

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC Wren III Series (ESDI &SCSI)

DRIVE SELECT
JUMPER
CONFIGURATIONS
TERMINATING
RESISTOR PACK

Illi

I:· I I I I ••

• ••••

DATA CABLE
CONNECTOR
DRIVE SELECT I
DRIVE SELECT 2
DRIVE SELECT 3
DRIVE SELECT 4
DRIVE SELECT 5
DRIVE SELECT 6
DRIVE SELECT 7

POWER

NOTE:
UNIT SELECT ZERO (NO JUMPER) IS INVALID

~
~

I +12V
2 +12V RET
3 +5V RET
4+5V

...--_------

DC POWER CONNECTOR

JUMPERS FOR
MOTOR START OPTION
DRIVE SELECT
PARITY CHECK SELECT
AND TERMINATOR
POWER SOURCE
POWER

~
~

1
2
3
4

+12V
+12V RET
+5V RET
+5V

DC POWER CONNECTOR

Figure 14 - CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI) Jumper Locations

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 205

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

CDC Wren VSeries
t"'"

o

Cl

n

>
t"'"
>
o
~

~

en

DRIVE
SELECT
JUMPERS
1""- -

o

-

-

-,

~~_:__:j

4 2 1

4

[4]
[4]

2

I

'-y--'I

[2]

[3]

[1]

Figure 15 - CDC Wren VSeries Jumper Location

Conner IDE Drives
All Conner IDE drives use some of the jumpers shown in Table P.
Table II - Conner IDE Drive Jumpers

Jumper
Configuration

ACT*

C/O

OSp**

One Drive

In

In

Out

2 Drive Master

In

In

In

Out

Out

Out

2 Drive Slave

*Some drives do not have ACT, use C/D and DSP
only
**Some drives do not have ACT or DSP, use C/D
only.

206 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner CPF 1060
SCSI
TERMINATORS

HDA CONNECTOR

J1

c::J

,1111I·"'l
-i!

..i

•

~IIIIIIIU'"

Spindle

sync~
LED
Drive _______

J8

•

0

o

TWRMPWR
OUTPUT
ENABLE

J2
pin 1

E~

J4
pin 1

E7

•

0°
Alternate LED Drive

Conner 2000 Series

MASTER/SLAVE
SELECT M/S

C/O

© CSC 1994

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner 3000 series/3044

LED DRIVE CAPABILITY

'\

HSP

c/o

JUMPER DSP
ACT

Conner 30060

208 Hard Drive Bible

©

csc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner 30064

I
E1
CID
DSP

II
E1
DSP
CID

E1

I=P/N: 07590-XXX, 03790-XXX
II=PIN: 02730-001,-002
III=PIN: 02730-003

Conner30104H

©

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Hard Drive Bible

209

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner30174E

HDA CONNECTOR

Conner 30200
Spindle
Sync

HDA Connector

J4, Pin 1
Power
210 Hard Drive Bible

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HDA

Conner 30204
LED SPIN/SYNC

\

C/O
E1
E2
E3

~PNSYNC

LJQ.QLJ DSP

To
00

00

Conner 30254
ATA/ISA
JUMPER

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 211

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Conner 3040

LED~

J3, Pin 1

Power

Conner 31370
HDA CONNECTOR

o
J2
J1

Spindle
Sync",
LED
'"
Drive

1.1.--........-

-------

TERMPWR
OUTPUT
ENABLE

J2
pin 1
J4
pin 1

OE1
OE3
OE5
Alternate LED Drive

212 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Conner 3184
LED CAPABILITY

SERIAL\UT
JUMPER OPTIONS

I SEE DETAIL A

DETAIL A

Conner 3200X

10 PIN PORT
PLUS 2 PIN
LED CONNECTOR
PIN 1=+5
PIN 2 =GND
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 213

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner 3360/3540

J2, PIN 1
50 PIN SCSI

ConnerCFA340A

214 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

ConnerCF340A
ATAIISA
JUMPER

C/D
JUMPER

HDA
CONNECTOR

J4
OPTIONAL 3-PIN
POWER
CONNECTOR

I

GII'fI

J2, PIN 1
40-PIN TASK FILEl)
INTERFACE
J6,
STANDARD
4-PIN POWER
CONNECTOR

Conner 344

©

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215

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Conner 5500

216 Hard Drive Bible

PIN 1
POWER

©

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Fujitsu 2244,2245, 2246
All of these Fujitsu drives use identical electronics. CNH7 selects the size of the HDA.
(Fault lamp)
FLT 3 2 1

Parts mounting view

0000

ICHN~

~HN61

leRN ~

Terminator

•
•
•

20-pin
Card edge

•
•
•

34-pin
Card edge

:

Control PCB

Power
Card edge

Jumpers are inserted as follows when shipped from the factory.
CNH7: Between 1 and 2, 3 and 4,9 and 10, and 15 and 16
CNH6: Between 1 and 2, and 15 and 16
CNH5: Between 11 and 12, and 15 and 16
CNH4: Between 5 and 6
CNH2: Between 15 and 16
The following settings are model specific.
CNH7: M2246 Between 3 and 4
M2245 Between 5 and 6
M2244 No jumpers between 3 and 4, or 5 and 6.

* Identify that the LSI (M35) is MB 114T071. See Appendix in manual which describes the shorting
plug settings in case that the LSI is MB 113T047
Figure 16 - Fujitsu 2244,2245, & 2246 Shorting Plug Locations

Fujitsu 226X Series
Note: The read-ahead cache on this drive may not work with all controllers.

.--,
:

: Power Connector (CN2)

•

I

L_.J

r-"
I

I

iD
iO
;

I

:/

SCSI terminating
resistors

IS CNH3
16

161.--...J 2
I

c::::J 2
13~-"
14~13
~ CNH4
~
10 2
I

\0

1

15r----11
10
CNHI

SCSI Connector
(CNl)

15

CN?
2
CNH2

16

D

IoN

3

42

I

Figure 17 - Fujitsu 226X Series Jumper Locations
©

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Fujitsu 226X Series (CONTINUED)
10

12

14

16

l0

II

13

15

CSI
time
monitoring
UNIT mode
ATTENTION
report mode

'--v-'"

l

II

9

13

LL

15

L

L Synchronous mode
transfer

3 to 4 MB/s transfer

SCSI bus parity

Motor start mode
PER default value
MODE SELECT parameter rounding
process report
Message mode
INQUIRY data

User setting disabled

LED display requirement

I I
CNH4

2

4

8

6

IQllQlo 0
IQltQI 0

10

12

14

2

16

[I]

OIQlO 0

0 0

!QI 0
II

13

0
15

I

l

3

~

'--rl '--rl

'--y----I

4

LUser setting disabled
Drive type (user change disabled)
(Setting at shipment differs
depending on the IDD model type
M2263SxlHx are indicated in this figure.)

L

L SCSI terminating resistor
power

User setting disabled

Figure 18 - Fujitsu 226X Series Jumper Settings

CN3

CN9

13

Note: This figure shows M226xS·s. In
M226xH. the setting terminal
(CNH4) exists between CN9 and
CN3. Pin assignments ofCN9 and
CN3 are the same as M226xS's

11

DIDIDIDIDIDID
DDDDDDD
14

12

10

.....1

'

6

I

I

4

L - Start/stop offline self-diagnostics

(User setting inhibited)
" ' - - - - - - - - Enable/disable Read-Ahead cache feature
i......--------:Enable/disable SCSI time monitoring feature

~----------SCSI

ID

Figure 19 - Fujitsu 226X Jumper Settings (Continued)
218 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

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Hitachi DK514C
(PCB Rev ND2 or later)

JP257

III
2 1

JP292

I
I

TM195
TM199

5g
5mm

~-------------------------------~

r------------..

I
I

I
I

:L
I

Note:

J3

;

Jl

:

2 1

._-----------------------------_.

.I:
I

The terminator of the DK514C must be removed except for the last drive of the daisy-chain.
Figure 20a - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings

© CSC 1994

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Hitachi DK514C (Continued)
1) SCSI ID setting jumper (lP292 Bits 2° - 22)
SCSI 10 Jumpers
Settings

22 2 1 2°
IP292

SCSI 10#

0

12 11
1

2°
21
22
23
24
25

2

.,

] SCSI ID Jumpers
3

4

...SCSI bus
parity jumper

5

6
7

1

.1

k

Shipped with ID# =0

2) SCSI bus parity jumper (JP292 bit 23)
1: Disables SCSI bus parity
0: Enables SCSI bus parity
Note:

0 = Jumper plug installed
1 =Jumper plug removed

3) Terminator power on/off jumper (lP198 bit 26)

3 4

~

+ 5V source for terminator is supplied from the SCSI bus or the controller

1 2
3 4

l!SI
1 2

+ 5V source for terminator is supplied only from the controller (default)

•

Jumper installed

D

User changeable (Green Jumper)

Figure 20b - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings

220 Hard Drive Bible

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Hitachi DK514C (Continued)
4) Write protect jumper
Jumper plug JP 257 bit 2 1

No.

1

2

1

B
4

3

2

1

Bit
2°
21

Bit

[8]2

0

2

o

21

0

4

3

Meaning
Write protected. The DK514C
Can only be read from and
cannot be written to.

Read or Write. The DK514C
is enabled for both read and
write operations.

This jumper is installed in the read/write position when shipped
from the factory.
5) Motor Start/Stop option jumper

No.

Jumper plug JP 257 bit 22
4

1

3

~"

Bit
2°
21

2 1

4

2

3

~
2
1

Bit
2°
21

Meaning
When the motor start/stop
option is not selected, the
spindle motor is started when
the DK514C power is applied.
(Note 1)
When the motor start/stop
option is selected, the spindle
motor is started by using a
SCSI command.

When shipped from the factory, this jumper is installed in
position #1 (option not selected).
When the motor start/stop option (No.2) is selected, the drive enters the
motor stop state when its power is turned on. Use the Start/Start Unit
command (lBH) to start or stop the drive.
Note 1:

When the motor start/stop option is used, the controller does not
respond to the host for about 35 seconds from Powerup to Drive
Ready
Figure 201: - Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings

© CSC 1994

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221

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Hitachi DK514C (Continued)
(PCB Rev AlDI or earlier)

210l JP2S7

1~
2

1

12 11

JP261

I TM195 I

I ~199 I JP~8
1--------------1
L

Jl

...J

~

NOTE: The terminator of the DK514C must be removed except on the last drive of the Daisy Chain.

Figure 21a - 52916 PCB Jumper Locations

222

Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Hitachi OK514C (Continued)
1) SCSI ID setting jumper (JP292 Bits 2° - 22 )
JP292
SCSI 10 Jumpers
Settings

12 11

22 2 1 2°

2°
21

22
23

24
25

]

-

SCSI ID Setting
Jumpers

...SCSI Bus
parity Jumpers

SCSI 10#

0
1

2

3
4
5

2

1

6

7

Shipped with ID# =0

2) SCSI bus parity jumper (JP292 bit 23)
1: Disables SCSI bus parity
0: Enables SCSI bus parity
Note:

0 = Jumper plug installed
1 =Jumper plug removed

3) Terminator power on/off jumper (JP198 bit 26)

-

~

+ 5V source for terminator is supplied from the SCSI bus or the controller
+ 5V source for terminator is supplied only from the controller (default)
Figure 2fb - 5Z916 PCB Jumper Locations

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

223

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Hitachi DK514C (Continued)
4) Write protect jumper
No.

Meanin
JP257

1
(JP261)

JP257

2

(JP261)

Write protected. The DK514C
can only be read from and
cannot be written to.

Read or Write. The DK514C
is enabled for both read and
write operations.

This jumper is installed in the read/write position when shipped
from the factory.
5) Motor Start/Stop option jumper
No.

Jumper plug JP 261

Meaning

~

1

2
1
2
1

2

2
1
2
1

0

..

JP257
(JP261)

-0
:8:
0
0

=:::

JP257
(JP261)

When the motor start/stop
option is not selected, the
spindle motor is started when
the DK514C power is applied.
(Note 1)
When the motor start/stop
option is selected, the spindle
motor is started by using a
SCSI command.

When shipped from the factory, this jumper is installed in
position #1 (option not selected).
When the motor start/stop option (No.2) is selected, the drive enters the
motor stop state when its power is turned on. Use the Start/Stop Unit
command (IBH) to start or stop the drive.
Note 1:

When the motor start/stop option is used, the controller does not
respond to the host for about 35 seconds from Powerup to Drive
Ready
Figure 21c - SZ916 PCB Jumper Locations

224

Hard Drive Bible

©

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Hitachi DK 515

7

1

JP213~ 00 001

e

Drive Address
• Write Protect

:0000
8

2

JP224

J4

• Terminator Switch I

TM223,

.--',~

eTenninator Module

II]_

"I

Jl

l

n

JP281
• Terminator Switch II

I
I J3
I
I

JP282
• Synchronized Spindle Mode
• Motor Control
• Sector LenQth

I
I
I
I

LJ

Figure 22 - SZ931 PCB Layout (PCB Rev. 0)

7

1

8

2

JP213~ 00001
0000

• Drive Address
• Write Protect

JP224

J4

• Terminator Switch I

,~

----:

.--.:

Jl

TM223
·Terminator Module

n

JP282
• Sector Mose Select
• Synchronized Spindle Mode
• Motor Control
• Sector LenQ:th

13

1

0000000
0000000

14

2

I

I

I J3 I
I I
I I

LJ

Figure 23a - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 1 or later)
©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

225

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Hitachi DK515 (Continued)
(i) Drive Address Jumper (JP213, Pin 1-6)
Drive address can be selected by using the jumper switch (JP213) the jumper setting and the selected drive
address is shown in the following table. Drive #0 is not used.
Jumper Settings for Drive Address

Drive No.

None

#1

(8)rool(7)
6 IT:)l)l_
_5

(8)rool(7)

10-01

LQ O-.J 1

Drive No.

2

1

#5

#4

(8)

6 .

#7

#6

(7)

(8)

(7)

(8)

(7)

(8)

(7)

5

6

5

6

5

6

5

2

1

10 01
2

#3

6rQ()l5

10 01
2

#2

10 01

LQ O-.Jl

2'

1

Drive #1 is selected when shipped from the factory
Figure 2Sb - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later)

(ii)

Write Protect Jumper (JP213, Pin 7-8)

Write operation of a drive is inhibited by setting a jumper on JP213, Pin 7-8 (Write protect mode), this condition
will generate an ATTENTION status on receipt of a WRITE GATE-N signal.
Jumper Setting for Write Protect

IP213
(pins 7-8)

Function

Write Enable

Write Protect

Write Enable mode is selected when shipped from the factory.

226 Hard Drive Bible

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Hitachi DK515 (Continued)

(iii)

Sector Mode Select Jumper (JP282, Pins 1-2)

The drive with Hard Sector mode issues SECTOR clock on Jl pin 16 and J2 pin 2, and with Soft Sector mode
does ADDRESS MARK FOUND-N on Jl pin 16 and J2 pin 2. The SET CONFIGURATION command takes
precedence over this jumper setting.

Jumper Setting for Sector Mode Selection

(14)

JP28
(pins 1-2)

La OJ
:00:
:-Odl
17--\1
100
1001

2
Function

(13)

[0 OJ
:00:

(13)

:-Odl
17--\1
100
lOG

1

1

1
Hard Sector

(14)

2001
Soft Sector

Hard Sector mode is selected when shipped from the factory
Figure 23c - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later)

©

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227

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Hitachi DK515 (Continued)
(iv)

Motor Control Jumper (JP282, Pins 7-8)

The Start/Stop jumper should be installed only if the controller supports remote start/stop.
Jumper Setting for Motor Start/Stop

........--1:

(14 )[~~fQ] (13)

(14) iQ..Q.i< 13)

iQ..Q.i

=0 0=
iO Oi

1_•••••••-

JP282
(Pins 7-8)

!O 0:
810 017
•
.g
O·I

B_7

=0 05
=0 Oi
(2) .Q__...
r····o·i( 1)

~ •..••..·1
:0
0:
...........

1_••••_ •••

Function

~

(2):.Q.•QJ (1)

Not Supported

Supported

Not Supported mode is selected when shipped from the factory

(v)

Synchronized Spindle Mode Select Jumper (JP282, pins 3-6).

Synchronized spindle mode can be selected by using the jumper switch (JP282, pins 3-6). This jumper setting
will be aborted by the following Set Configuration command. Set the jumpers before turning on the DC power. For
details, refer to DK51X Winchester Disk Drive Synchronized Spindle Feature Specification.

Jumper Setting for Synchronized Spindle Mode

tw·····....,.
:0··"·1 (13) (l~1:2::9] (13) (14)~Q:'Q] (13) (14)lQ..
Q~(l3)
(14);....J;)"
;:0
0=
50
0:
=0 O~
t...........
..............
iQ..QJ
_········IIIJ
:0
0=
50
iOOt
_...._O~
...
.......
............
iS2..
Q~
:0
0:
iQOt
=0
O~
iO 0:
1

~

[

~

611 IRS 'Ii!

Function

5
4
3
=0
0:
(2) :........ -.~ (1]
OffLine

3

[

61°
°IS
4003

~O O~
(2)~
••••••.• (11

4
3
iOO:
(2)............1(1)

(l)~Q•.Qj(l)

Slave

Master

Remote

4

Off Line mode is selected when shipped from the factory
Figure 23d - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later)
228 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Hitachi DK515 (Continued)
(vi)

Sector Length Jumper (JP282, pins 9-14)

This jumper setting function is effective with Hard Sector mode. This jumper setting will be aborted by the SET
BYTES PER SECTOR command. All the applicable configurations of Bytes/Sector or SectorslTrack are listed in the
following table. Set the jumper(s) before turning on the DC power.

Jumper Setting for Sector Length

14
IP282
(Pins 9-14)

10

IO

O~

9

1

~O O~

~O O~

14

tQ..Ql

(2) [~[QJ (1)

(2)[g::Q] (1)

Sectors
Per Track
Data
Len th

14
10

10

0 9

!O O!
[~[Q~

(2)[Q]~~](1)

338

593

602

122

121

69

68

256

256

512

512

13

14 0013

00

!o
as
...............

10 0

9

to

a

9

O~

!O Oi

ro··ol

(2)tQ..QJ (1)

(2) [~LQ] (1)

l ••• 40

f6"·o·~.
L

Bytes Per
Sector
Sectors
Per Track
Data
Len th

a

335

1

13

00

1000 9

...............

Bytes Per
Sector

14

13

40. N

!O Oi

IP282
(Pins 9-14)

!O
O!
z

1
1
ro··o·i
13

.

~O O~

1107
Adjustment
37

Not Used

Mode

1024

122 sectors per track is selected when shipped from the factory
69 sectors per track required for PC applications
Figure 23e - SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 0or 1, or later)

© CSC 1994

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Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Hitachi DK516

il .

WARNING.

a.

Black jumpers
lnltafled N ~ and
musl not be added 1rI, moved. or tNnged.

:

JP8

1~1 :.-u~
Re.d Oat. Phase

1::

Factory settings
(black jumpef8)
.r. CSrlve-1ptCi1ic

•

JP3

••

~
2
1

JP4

B

Wftte

PlOtecdon

J
1

r --~

J

20

...

2

JPslc!tJ
••

t 1(00)1 ~----------.-.....- __.. . . . .--.8

Pin 1

I.... __
Power -1

230 Hard Drive Bible

I

I~SCst-T8fmINI-1Dr-1

JP7

21

SCSIID

1
SCSl1ntelface. • • • 2

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Mallor LXT-100

~o

<
~

9

PIN I

r-- - - -

o

HI

DRIVE
SELECf
JUMPERS
I·

o

rn
~ I SCSI~i~MV

-,

•••

_.__•.,;

:...~

:: - :
~

i

-~:u

:-: -R- .-~
2

:...~

RPl

0::

j!I__-";

RP2

~JI
I

2

3 4

5 6

4 3 2

Figure 24 - Maxtor LXT-100 Jumper Locations

Mallor LXT-200A
Jumper locations are identified in Figure 12, PCB Layout and Table Q Jumper Configurations.

J5

[E]
~

PIN 2

9 7 5 3 1
00000
00000
10 8 6 4 2

J2

J4

Figure 25 - Maxtor LXT-200A PCB Layout

© CSC 1994

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MaxtorLXT-200A (Continued}
Table Q- Maxtor LXT-200A Jumper Configurations

Pin
Numbers

Single
Drive
System

Jumper

Dual Drive System
Master

Slave

9

10

Manufacturing Jumper*

Out

Out

Out

7

8

Two Drive System
Jumper

Out

In

Out

5

6

Slave Present Jumper**

Out

Out

In

3

4

Drive Active Jumper

In

In

Out

1

2

Master/Slave Jumper

Out

Out

In

*Installation of this jumper may cause damage to the drive or loss of data.
** Not needed if both drives are LXT-200A

Maxtor MXT-1240

MOTOR START_------..
WITH POWER
J3

J1 ..2

TERMINATORS

~

en c

c
=r;
m

Q

z

=n

m

~

m
z
0
m
c

,...
"m
m :D

"m

JP1

:lJ

~N1

~•

J2

Z

-t

>
r;
•

12

[;]
••

~

J1

JP2

11 9 7 5 3 1
.J'.,::,

,- ..
~

...

RN2

JP8

J1·50
232 Hard Drive Bible

.: ':"~ .:..' .

'.

•• •• ••
12 10 8

:B ••

1 2

6 4 2

I

B

~
••
••
••

JP4 JP5

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Maltor 25128A and 2585A

\.0

J304~~

J305
J306
J308
J309

~

PIN 1

0
!

J307~

POSITION 20 KEY

©

esc 1994

FACTORY
TEST
POINTS

Hard Drive Bible

233

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Maxtor Xl 1000/2000 Series

SPINDLE MOTOR
CONTROL
1-2 SPINDLE
JE
REMOTE START (iJ2

1-2= UNSAFE
(always installed)

1!I1

DRIVE SELECT JUMPER
(C=common)
J7

TERMINATOR

~

m

[§]~

J7

C-4 = DRIVE 3
3-C = DRIVE 2
C-2 = DRIVE I
I-C = DRIVE 0

3
2
C

el

(;JJC
IIP~

(;JJB

•~

•
•
•

OFF
TRACK
ENABLE

JF •

1-2 = INTERNAL
WRITE PROTECT
2-3 = REMOTE
WRITE PROTECT

NOT USED

800/1070 TPI
1-2 = 1000 TPI
JA

JB

iii I

J~~
3
e2

-I

1-2 = HD SEL 2)
JF

iii 2

1!12

JC
1i12 1·2=ENABLE
I!II OFF-TRACK

~
•

I!II

2 HDSEL2)
I (install when greater
than 8 heads

Figure 26 - Maxtor XT 1000/2000 Series Drive Select Jumper Options

Mallor 4000E Series
HARD/SOFT SECTOR (JP31)
FACTORY SET
PCB HEAD CONFIGURATION - - - - -..........,..............
NON JUMPERABLE OPTIONS

ENABLEIDISABLE PROGRAMMABLE
SECTOR SIZE (JP30)

................-.--...

HARD SECTOR SIZE (LSB)

r-...-.,..........-....-...,....~--r-l'-t (JPI6-JP29)

J3
JPI4
15

J P 4 5 - - - + - - - - - - - - -L

11

D
12

D

D

D
JPI

J4

IP42

JP41

Figure 27 - Maxtor 4000£ Jumper Options
234 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Maltor 4000E Series (Continued)
Table R- Maxtor 4000£ Drive Select Jumpers

Function

Jumper Block
Pin Numbers

Drive Select 0

1-C

Drive Select 1

2-C

Drive Select 2

3-C

Drive Select 3

4-C

Table S- Maxtor 4000£ Series, Drive Jumper Descriptions

Description

Jumper
JP1 (in)

Used for Maintenance Testing

JP6 (in)

In = Motor Spinup Option Disabled
Out = Remote Motor Spinup Option Enabled

DS1-DS7 (DS1 in)

Drive Select

JP14 (out)

In = Write Protected
Out = No Write Protection

JP16-JP29

Unformatted Hard Sector Size in Bytes
Jumpers, LSB = JP16, MSB = JP29

JP30

In = Enables programming of the hard sector size through the
interface
Out = Disables this function

JP31

In = Soft Sector Mode
Out = Hard Sector Mode

JP32-JP35

PCB Head Configuration

JP41

Test Connection, Not a jumperable option

JP42 (in)

Used for manufacturer testing

Note: JP4, JP5, JP15, JP36, JP37, JP38, JP39, JP40, and JP41 are not jumperable options.
The only customer configurabie options are JP6, JP14, JP16-JP29, JP30, JP31 , and
DS1-DS7.
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

235

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Maxtor Panther SCSI
BASIC PC INSTALLATION STEPS

JUMPER
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER

1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove jumpers from
pins 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 of connector J2.
2. JP13 is the parity jumper. When removed, it
enasbles odd parity. When installed, it disables
odd parity.
3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT
INSTALLED. Your SCSI host bus adapter's
ROM or driver will properly configure the drive.

Slave Sync. Termination
In =Slave Sync. Terminated to 150 ohms.
Master Sync. Termination
In =Master Sync. Terminated to 150 ohms.
SCSI Termination Power (Host)
In =Power Supplied by Host
SCSI Termination Power (Drive)
In =Power Supplied by Drive
SCSI Parity Disable
In =Parity Disabled.

JP5
JP6
JPI0
JPll
JP13

4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be
terminated.
JPl JP2
Out Out
Out In
In Out
In
In

5. Install the 50 pin connector. Install the power
connector. The drive is now ready for partition
ing.
J2
CONNECTOR SCSI DEVICE
SETTINGS
PINS
Pins 2,4,6
Pin 8
Pin 9
Pin 10

WRITE
PROTECT

J2
PINS 7-8

Enabled
Disabled

Jumpered
Not Jumpered

SCSI ID
Write Protect
Remote - LED
Remote + LED

MODE
Start by ID sequence
Start after 11-13 second delay
Wait for START command
Start when power is applied

NOTE: 1,3,5, and 7 are
tied to ground.

JPl~~JPGa ~ ~

J3

U2

CJ
JP7

1---1

IUI41

~u-~-3-11 U2 11

1 2

••

JP3

IU331

J6 • •
3 4

I

lUIS

IU221
CJJP4

J5

UI0

JP80

D

I

U271

RN7

DLI

~RN6

Jl

U45
I U54 1

alllloo.-u_62_1
JP

OJPIO

236 Hard Drive Bible

DJP9

I

U58
J4

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Maxtor Xl-40008

JUMPER

DESCRIPTION

JP4 (F)
JP5 (F)
JP6 (F)
JP7 (F)
JPIO (F)
JP1I (F)
JP14 (CC)
JP15(F)
JP18 (CC)
JP26 (F)
JP34(CC)
JP35 (CC)
JP36 (CC)
JP37 (CC)
JP38 (CC)
JP39 (F)
JP40 (CC)
JP41 (CC)

Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Spin with Power (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Disable Write Protection Option
Manufacturing Use
Termination Power
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Spin Delay Option (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Parity Enabled
Termination Power

BASIC AT INSTALLATION STEPS
I.To set the drive to ID 0, remove JP36 and JP37.
NOTE: These two jumpers are located approximately 3 inches behind the blue, 50-pin IDC
connector.
2. JP40 is the parity jumper. When installed, it
enables odd parity. When removed, it disables odd
parity.
3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT
INSTALLED. Your SCSI host adapter's ROM or
driver will properly configure the drive.
4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must
be terminated.
5. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the power
connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning.

F = Factory Set
CC = Customer Configurable

SPIN OPTIONS
JP14
Spin with
Power
Out
Out
In

JP38
Spin
Delay

MODE

Out
Start by ID sequence
In
Wait for Start command
Out or In Start when power applied

~J3

Bcaii

D

BBB
CJ

JP18

11

JP~DD

DD

J4

J5

[fJ....--P1_5----.

'DI

IP38

~ JP~18

DDD

I

I CJ 1""",,,--_

LJ LJ LJ LJ CJ

JP41
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

237

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Maxtor XT-8000S
I

BASIC AT INSTALLATION STEPS

1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove IP36 and IP37.
NOTE: These two jumpers are located approximately 3 inches behind the blue, 50-pin IDC connector.
2. IP40 is the parity jumper. When installed it
enables odd parity. When removed, it disables odd
parity.
3. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to NOT
INSTALLED. Your SCSI host bus adapter's ROM
or driver will properly configure the drive.
4. The last physical device on the SCSI bus must be
terminated.
5. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the power
connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning.
SPIN OPTIONS
JP14
JP38
Spin with
MODE
Spin
Power
Delay
Out
Start by ID sequence
Out
Out
Wait for Start command
In
In
Out or In Start when power applied

lUMPER

DESCRIPTION

IP4 (F)
JP5 (F)
IP6 (F)
IP7 (F)
IPI0 (F)
IPII (F)
IP14 (CC)
IP15(F)
IP18 (CC)
IP26 (F)
IP34(CC)
IP35 (CC)
JP36 (CC)
IP37 (CC)
IP38 (CC)
IP39 (F)
IP40 (CC)
IP41 (CC)

Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Spin with Power (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Disable Write Protection Option
Manufacturing Use
Termination Power
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Spin Delay Option (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Parity Enabled
Termination Power

F =Factory Set
CC =Customer Configurable

~~=tj
JP13

J3

D

IPl\G

IP91

Dl)RM7
Jl

l) D
RN18

JP14

El~x....§!9

o

1IWiIiIliI~IP3,

IPull
IP2, IPl

0 10

D

D

\IP8

I

r-------.

J5

IPlO
DJP5

:::::

9EF
JP40JP35

DJP4

JP39 JP36
JP38 JP37

IP26[] 1~---J4--~

lP26

NOTE: Shaded jumpers are installed at the time of shipment for standard default configuration.
238 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Mallor Xl-8000SH

JUMPER

DESCRIPTION

JP4 (F)
JP5 (F)
JP6 (F)
JP? (F)
JPI0 (F)
JPll (F)
JP14 (CC)
JPI5(F)
JP18 (CC)
JP26 (F)
JP34(CC)
JP35 (CC)
JP36 (CC)
JP3? (CC)
JP38 (CC)
JP39 (F)
JP40 (CC)
JP41 (CC)

Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Manufacturing Use
Spin with Power (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Disable Write Protection Option
Manufacturing Use
Termination Power
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ID chart)
Drive ID Selection (see SCSI ill chart)
Spin Delay Option (see chart)
Manufacturing Use
Parity Enabled
Termination Power

BASIC PC INSTALLATION STEPS
1. To set the drive to ID 0, remove jumpers
from pins 1-2, and 3-4 of connector J2.
2. Set the drive type in the AT BIOS table to
NOT INSTALLED. Your host bus adapter's ROM
or driver will properly configure the drive.
3. The last physical device on the SCSI bus
must be terminated.
4. Install the 50-pin connector. Install the
power connector. The drive is now ready for partitioning.
SPIN OPTIONS
JP14
JP38
MODE
Spin with
Spin
Power
Delay
Start by ID sequence
Out
Out
Wait for Start command
Out
In
Out or In Start when power applied
In

F =Factory Set
CC =Customer Configurable

J6 CONNECTOR
PIN 5
GRD

PIN 3
GRD

PIN 6 PIN 4
(key) SLAVE

J2 CONNECTOR PINS
SCSI DEVICE SETTINGS
Pin 2
SCSIID
Pin 4
SCSIID
Pin 6
SCSIID
Pin 9
Remote + LED
Pin 10
Remote - LED
NOTE: Pins 1, 3, and 5 are tied to ground. PIns 7 and 8 are not connected

PIN 1
MASTER
PIN 2
SLAVE

J3

o

0

JP40
DJP14
DJP38

~
I U20 I
~ I U25 I

J5

B

RN17

Jl

~RN19
~RN18

JP34

~P18

JP41
©

esc 1994

U22
U34

U44

J4

Hard Drive Bible

239

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Maxtor LXT-SCSI

J3

~ External terminator power enabled (disabled:out)

1001
I JP61
Single edged 3 leel
JP9
or
*'a 5 1001
IP?
I
1
7 1001
MOTOR STOP
(Installed = start on power) ~9 1001
a
11 1001
"§
Differential *

~\

1

.~

~

'-c

Jl

~~

SCSIID

2
4

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

6
8
10
12

Enlarged
view of IP9

~i

Priority

Pins Pins Pins
5&6 3&4 1&2
(MSB)
(LSB)
Lowest Out Out Out
.4~
Out Out
In
Out
Out
In
In
Out
In
Out Out
In
In
In
Out
."
Out
In
In
Highest
In
In
In
In = Installed, Shorted
Out =Not Installed, Open

NOTE: JP6 is present on all PCBs. JP8 and JP7/JP9 may not be present on your PCB.
* Optional differential operation requires a tailgate PCB to be installed.

Maxtar XT BDDDE Series
DRIVE MODEL SELECTION
RESERVED

------~

PLO SYNC FIELD LENGTH
RESERVED

REMOTE WRITE PROTEC
AND SPINDLE SYNC 16

TERMINATORS

I

RN131

I RN141

DRIVE SELECT

- - - - - I I - -......

TEST JUMPER
1P42

JPS FACTORY SELECTED (IN)
JP4 FACTORY SELECTED (IN)
WRITE PROTECT
JP14 (OUT)

1

R22~

IN (SHORT INDEX) PULSE WIDTH

*1 R2211 OUT (NORMAL INDEX) PULSE WIDTH
*FOR NORMAL INDEX PULSE WIDTH R221 IS
INSTALLED, R220 IS REMOVED

Figure 28 - Drive Jumper Options (PCB PIN 1014150)
240 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Maxtor Xl BUUUE Series (Continued)
DRIVE MODEL SELECTION
~
RESERVED ~
PLO SYNC FIELD LENGTHS
~
RESERVED

-n f

I r-

HARD/SOFf SECTOR MODE
r=ENABLElDISABLE PROGRAMMABLE SECTOR SIZE

~

HARD

ITIJIII[] ITIJIII[]

SECTOR SIZE ---;16 POWER UP SEQUENCE CONTROL (IN)

ITIIIIIII

13

IP43 (IN)

JP 15 FACTORY SELECTED (OUT)

CJ
REMOTE WRITE PROTECT A
SPINDLE SYNC J6
JPI4 WRITE PROTECf (OUT)
IP5 FACTORY SELECTED (IN)
IP4 FACTORY SELECTED (IN)
ABC
•••••

JP9 INDEX PULSE WIDTH
TERMINATORS

RNI3
RNI4

EJ
U41

• • • • lJp41 TEST PINS

ABC

ABC

1••• IJP7

C~PI
B

A

D

• • • JPB

ABC

JPIO
ADJP42

~

~

------.-L::_-_-_~J-u...

J4

0

DE:]
~

0

RNl2

j=iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_vl!.....Iiiiiiiiii.......iiiiilllll.IIiiIIiiiliiil....._D . .

Figure 29 - Drive Jumper Options (PCB PIN 1015468)

Micropolis 132X Series

o
J2
Pin 1

J2

OS4 Address 4
OS3 Address 3
OS2 Address 2
OS 1 Address 1
W2 (Select)
WI (Write Fault Latch)

Pin 1

Figure 30 - Micropo/is 132X Drive Jumper Options
©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

241

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Microgolis 135X Series

J2
Wi

HARD/SOFf SECTOR

: ; } DEFAULT SECTOR CONFIGURATION
W4

Pin 1

}

~~~ :::L:~~::~LC
DA3

Jl

Interface
Terminator
RNI
Pin 1

Figure 31- Micropolis 135X Jumper Settings

Microgolis 137X Series

D

BUS Parity Check Option
Spindle Control Option

JI

~

~
Pin 1

o

~ RN8 Interface Termina

COMPONENT SIDE

RN7 Interface Terminator

RNI Interface Terminator

ill ~i }

BUS Termination Power Option

o

Figure 32- Micropolis 137X Jumper Settings
242 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Micropolis 155X Series

J3

D

Interface
Terminator

RNI

I

~g~~

Drive Selection

DAI

W5 Spindle Control Option

Jl

W4

...-._- W3 Default Sector Configuration
.....---W2
. . . - . _ - - WI Hard/Soft Sector Option

Figure 33 - Micropo/is 155XJumper Settings

Micropolis 157X Series
Bus Parity Check Option W4C]
Spindle Control Option

wsl;]

J2

ID2
IDI
IDO

SCSIID

Interface Terminator RN202

Interface Terminator RN203

-'E1
I;]~

Jl

+SV To Bus WI I *

~

~

Interface Terminator RN204
Pin 1

(Reserved) fi1

W20~

Frame
Ground

W21*

lUI
Pin 1

Figure 34 - Micropolis 151XJumper Settings
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible

243

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Miniscribe

9380

E

Drives
J8

J3

-

00

11

J201iJ

J21

[ilJ29

1il--114
J30_J27

J6

~
RP17 J24
III
119

RP4

J9 J7

lilJiil

C'==--~

J2

1 2 3

116

Figure
Table

Miniscribe

35 -

9380£ Jumper

Locations

T - 9380£ Option Jumpers and Test Point Description
Option Jumpers

J7
J9
J10 J11

Start/Stop Spindle Motor Enable
Diagnostic Jumper
Head Configuration

J10

J11

S

0

0
S

S
S

0

0

Sectors

J12

J13

J19

34
35
36
SOFT

S

0
0

0
0

0
0
0

Heads
7
11
13
15

S
S

S

S

(Controller will select Sector #)

Drive Select Address Configuration
Drive
None
1
2
3
4
5

6
7

J16·1

J16·2

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

J16·3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

Terminators: RP4, RP17
Note: These 7 jumpers must be installed for drive operation:
J14, J20, J21, J24, J27, J29, and J30.

244 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Miniscribe 93808 Drives
J701 is a group of two pairs ofjumper pins. The first pair controls terminator power supplied by the target, while
the second pair controls power supplied from elsewhere on the bus.
Table U- Miniscribe 93805 Jumper Settings

SCSI TERMINATOR POWER

J701-1

J701-2

Local Terminator Power

ON

OFF

Remote Terminator Power

OFF

ON

Additional Jumper Definitions
J7
J9
J10,J11
J12,J13,J19

Start/Stop Spindle Motor Enable
Diagnostic Jumper
Head Configuration
Sector Setting

Note: These 7 jumpers must be installed for drive
operation: J14, J20, J21, J24, J27, J29, and J30.
Terminating
Resistors:

RP701 and RP702

Drive Select
Address

J601-1

J601-2

J601-3

OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON

OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON

OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON

SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
SCSI

Address 0
Address 1
Address 2
Address 3
Address 4
Address 5
Address 6
Address 7

SCSI Parity Enable
SCSI Parity
Enabled
SCSI Parity
Disabled

©

esc 1994

J602-2
OFF
ON

Hard Drive Bible

245

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Priam 514, 519
Table V- ODtion/Select Switch Settin.os

Position

Switch ON

POS-6

Priam Unique Mode

POS-5

Radial Option

POS-4

Drive Select 4

POS-3

Drive Select 3

POS-2

Drive Select 2

POS-l

Drive Select 1

Priam 617,628,638
Table W- Drive Select Jumpers

Drive
Selected

Switch Position
1

2

3

NONE

OFF

OFF

OFF

1

ON

OFF

OFF

2

OFF

ON

OFF

3

ON

ON

OFF

4

OFF

OFF

ON

5

ON

OFF

ON

6

OFF

ON

ON

7

ON

ON

ON

Table X- Sector Settings

246 Hard Drive Bible

51·4

51·5

Physical Size
in Bytes

Logical Size in
Bytes

Track
Capacity

OFF

OFF

Reserved Setting

-

-

OFF

ON

64 Sectors of 324

256

16,384

ON

OFF

36 Sectors of 578

512

18,432

ON

ON

19 Sectors of 1096

1024

19,456

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Priam 717,728,738
Table Y- Jumper Settings

J11 Jumpers
1-2

Device 10 1

3-4

Device 102

5-6

Device ID 4

7-8

ON

Auto Sequence Up

9-10

ON

Parity Enable

11-12

see
below

Block Size 1

13-14

see
below

Block Size 2

11-12

13-14

OFF

OFF

Block Size set by Mode Select Command
(15H)

ON

OFF

256 Byte Blocks

OFF

ON

512 Byte Blocks

ON

ON

1024 Byte Blocks

15-16

ON

17-18

(output)

19-20

© CSC 1994

Function

Setting

Unit Attention Disabled
-Drive Ready
Enable Write Protect

Other
Jumpers

Setting

W6*

Open

Soft SCSI Bus Reset

W6**

Installed

Hard SCSI Bus Reset

W5**

Installed

Auto Sequence Up Delay

W3*

Installed

Terminator Power to J1-26

Function

Hard Drive Bible

247

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Quantum Go-Drive AT Jumpers

Ouantum PRODRIVE Series

0
(l.)

>
·C
0
4-4

0

~

u

~

~

DODO
0

I
I

0 CJ

0
0

0

(l.)

·c>
0

C+-c

0

10 0
g
g
••••••

~

Q

0

~

oDI

Typical ProDrive SCSI Bus Drive Jumper Locations
248 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Seagate 5.25 MFMIRLL Drives
11

DS4

RESISTOR TERMINAnON
PAC~

DRIVE SHOWN CONFIGURED
AS DRIVE SELECT 1

Figure 36 - Half-Height Interface Connectors

RESISTOR TERMINATION
PACK

Figure 37 - Full-Height Interface Connectors
©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

249

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Seagate 3.511 MFM/Rll Drives
OPTIONAL GROUNDING
POINT. PLEASE NOTE
THE POSITION OF
INSULATING WASHERS

RESISTOR
TERMINATION
PACK

13 DC POWER

11
12

OS I OS2 OS3 DS4
17 - 16 PIN CONNECTOR

Figure 38 - 3.5" Interface Connectors

Seagate SCSI Drives

RESISTOR
TERMINATION
-_-.--.I~-~ PACKS

/
POWER
CONNECTOR
J3

50-PIN SCSI
CONNECTOR

00000

o

0

000

0000[;]

SCSI IDAND
PARITY JUMPER

00000

o

0

o~o

00000

ooo~

o

0

000

0
o 0[;]0[;]
o
o o~o

00000

0

0

0

0

OO~O

00000

10=0
10 = 1
SET SCSI 10 AS SHOWN
10=2
ID=3

SHORTING THE P PINS
ENABLES PARITY CHECKING

ID=4
ID=5

THE NC PINS ARE
NOT CONNECTED

ID=6

OO~~~ 10=7

00000

Figure 39 - 3.5" SCSI Interface Connectors

250 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Seagate SCSI Drives (Continued)

SCSI ID AND
PARITY PINS

P 4 2 1
000 0

0000

SCSI ID = 0

o

0 0[;]

SCSI ID = 1

o

0[;]0

000 0

000 0

SCSI ID = 2

000 0

OO~

SCSI ID = 3

O~O

0
0000

SCSI ID =4

O~O[;]
0000

SCSI ID = 5

O~O

SCSI ID = 6

o~~~
o

SCSI ID = 7

0000

0 0 0

Jl
DC POWER

50-PIN SCSI CONNECTOR

..••••••••••••••••
"'"

SCSI ID JUMPERS
SELECT THE DESIRED SCSI ID WITH JUMPERS.
INSTALL THE OPTIONAL P-JUMPER TO ENABLE
PARITY.

Figure 40 - 5.25" SCSllntertace Connectors

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible

251

Corporate Systems Center (408)'734-3475

252 Hard Drive Bible

©CSC1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

esc Benchmark Tests
About The Benchmarks

. esc

has selected several popular high performance drives and controllers for review on the following
pages.
The average seek times listed are those purported
by the manufacturer and what we actually tested. Seek
times were tested on Flexstar testers of the type used for
factory final test. The transfer rates listed are those
achieved in our test platform computers. Our VESA test
machines are typical 60MHz Pentium clone
motherboards. Our ISA test machine has an OPTI chipset
set to a 12.5MHz AT-bus speed. Our EISA machine uses
an Intel chip set. The transfer rates are the average of
several random and sequential tests.
We have included the manufacturers reliability
rating in power on hours (POH). One year of continuous
operation is 8760 POH. So a drive with a Mean Time
Between Failures (MTBF) rating of50,000POH , should
last for an average of5.7 years before failing. The MTBF
rating for drives which are operated at elevated temperatures or used in heavy seek applications (such as network
servers) should be derated by 50%. Since higher MTBF
specifications translate into higher sales for drive manufacturers, this specification is often exaggerated. Experience has taught us not to take MTBF ratings over
100,000 too seriously.
Factory MTBF figures often include an ambiguous
correction factor for "infant mortality." Since esc also
sells and services drives, we have included our own off
the record comments on reliability. These comments are
jased on the number of drives returned to us for service..
~Sl

DRIVES
MAXTOR MODEL MXT-1240S

Formatted Capacity - 1200 MB
~

Rated Average Seek - 8 ms
Tested Average Seek - 7.8 ms

The Maxtor "magic" is the highest performance
3.5" Maxtor drive available. Although Maxtor only rates
this drive at 200,000 POH, our service department found
a high return rate on early drives due to thermal offtrack
problems. These problems appear to be solved in the
newer revisions, and this top performer now appears
nearly as reliable as it's famed 5.25" counterparts.

ffiM MODEL 0662 (*Martin's Choice!)
Formatted Capacity - 4030 MB
Rated Average Seek - 10 ms
Tested Average Seek - 9.2 ms
Transfer Rate - 36-48 Mbitlsec
Servo System - Embedded
Rated MTBF - 200,000 POH
Transfer rate in ISA test system with CSC
FastCache - 2120 KB/sec
Average transfer rate in VESA test with esc
VESA FastCache - 3300 KB/sec

The IBM 0662 is a unique drive in that it is actually
a striped disk array comprised oftwo 3.5" drives built into
a5.25" form factor. The imbedded SCSI-II array controller has 1MB of cache, and overall performance is excellent. Sustained data transfer rates on outer tracks reached
almost 7MB/sec in sequential mode. The 0662 is a solid
design built upon the field proven 3.5" 0664 series HDA's
with MR heads. These drives are popular in network
servers and other applications where long term reliability
is imperative.

Transfer Rate - 20-44 Mbitlsec
Servo System - Embedded
Rated MTBF - 250,000 POH
Average transfer rate in VESA test with CSC
VESA FastCache - 3300 KB/sec
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 253

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

MAXTOR MODEL 75458
Formatted Capacity - 540 MB
Rated Average Seek - 10 ms

tioned above. This drive also uses a 3 zone recording
technique to achieve high capacity without sacrificing
reliability. This drive is our first choice in a large capacity
3.5 unit.
11

Tested Average Seek - 10.8 ms
Best Transfer Rate - 3180 KB/sec
Servo System - Embedded
Rated MTBF - 300,000 POH

MAXTOR MODEL 7245A

Transfer rate in ISA test system - 1420 KB/sec

Formatted Capacity - 245 MB

Average transfer rate in VESA test - 1780 KB/sec

Rated Average Seek - 15 ms
Tested Average Seek - 15.3 ms

Maxtor's 7545 is their current "top of the line" 3.5"
drive. We were able to sneak out an evaluation unit
before production shipping. To be honest, we were less
than impressed. The 7545 ran smoothly and quietly, but
performance was mediocre at best. In terms of transfer
rates, performance was fair.

IDE DRIVES
MAXTOR MODEL LXT 535 A
Formatted Capacity - 535 MB
Rated Average Seek - 15 ms
Tested Average Seek - 15.3 ms
Transfer Rate - 155 MB/sec sustained

Transfer Rate - 1120 KB/sec
Servo System - Embedded
Rated MTBF - 150,000 POH
Transfer rate in ISA test system - 1120 KB/sec

Maxtor's 7000 series drives in 340MB and 245MB
capacities feature a reduced parts count. To the manufacturer, that translates into more profit. As Lee Iococa
said, "Parts left out never require service." These simple
drives are also highly reliable. The 7245 model is an
evolutionary successor to the field proven 7213. Firmware and zone changes are probably the only differences.
These drives are quite reliable, but also more sensitive to
shock than most. These are a great low cost choice for
building up inexpensive PC clones.

Servo System - Embedded
Rated MTBF - 150,000 POH
Transfer rate in ISA test system with FiashCache64
1550 KB/sec

SCSI Controllers
Maxtor's LXT drive series uses an innovative shock
mounting system which is not found in any other 3.5"
drive we've seen. Since 3.5" drives often end up in laptop
and portable computers which are subject to rough handling, good shock mounting and a good head latch
mechanism are important. The Maxtor LXT series uses
rubber shock mounts to suspend the entire HDA within
an aluminum shell. A nice side effect of this mounting
system is that the drive is extremely quiet. These drives
are so quiet, that it's nearly impossible to tell when they
are spinning
The SCSI version of Maxtor's LXT-200 series uses
the same quiet, rugged HDA as the IDE version men254 Hard Drive Bible

Manufacturer
Model
Bus

Adaptec
1542CF
ISA

Adaptec has been building SCSI controllers longe;
than anyone, and they are the standard for compatibility.
The "EZ-SCSI" software offers easy integration into
UNIX, Novell, and OS/2 environments. One small
disadvantage to these ISA based bus mastering controllers is that performance may decrease when more than
16MB of memory is installed. The overall performance
ofthese industry standard Adaptec cards is superior most
of the DPT and Ultrastor cards we have tested.
©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Manufacturer
Model.
Cache
Bus

CSC
FastCache64
Up to 64MB
ISA

CSC has sold thousands of drives for PC applications. In response to customer demands for a low cost
caching SCSI controller, we have designed and developed the CSC FlashCache 64. This board supports up to
7 SCSI devices (including tape, WORM, M-O optical,
and hard drives) and includes a 4 drive floppy controller
which supports the new 2.88MB 3.5" drives. Since the
size of the on-board cache is frequently the limiting
factor in caching card performance, our engineers designed the board to expand up to 64MB using standard
SIMMS.
These cards have proven extremely effective in PC
workstation applications and work great with Microsoft
DOS and Windows™. Although we are slightly biased,
we feel that the FlashCache 64 still represents on of the
best ISA controller buys on the market.

Manufacturer
Model.
Cache
Bus

CSC
VESA VLB Wide SCSI-II
Cache Blaster
128K of 20ns Fast SRAM
VESA

When some of our engineers weren't satisfied with
the performance ofthe AK-47, they decided to go all out!
We decided to incorporate an ultra fast SRAM Cache for
top performance in multitasking environments and switch
to WIDE SCSI. The wide SCSI interface can double
performance in most applications, and the FAST 32 bit
wide level - II SRAM cache means the motherboard
almost never has to wait for data! This board includes all
the features of the original AK-47 like Flash BIOS,
2.88MB support and 4 floppy operation. Call today for
more information on this hot new product.

Manufacturer
Model.
Cache
Bus
Manufacturer
CSC
Model.
VESA AK-47 SCSI-II Controller
Cache
None
Bus
VESA VL-Bus
When we upgraded our own PC's to local bus
video, we wondered what the extra VL-BUS slot was for.
Out of necessity, we designed the VESA FASTCACHE.
Our technicians nicknamed it the AK-47 or "Adaptec
Killer". This board uses one of the fastest SCSI chips
available and connects it directly to the high speed local
bus! This board offers almost all of the features of the
CSC FastCache with much higher performance. Flash
BIOS, 2.88MB support, 4 floppy operation and SCSI-II
compatibility are all standard. The second production
fun of these cards is available now, and the new caching
version should be available soon after the seventh Hard
Drive Bible is printed. Want more information? Call us
today and let us send you the specifications.

©

esc 1994

DTC
3290
4MB
EISA

Many network servers use both EISA motherboards
and SCSI disk drives. The DTC 3290 offers a low cost
solution which supports up to 7 SCSI devices. The 3290
offers an "Adaptec compatible" mode which mimics the
hardware "mailbox" interface of the Adaptec 154X series of controllers. This compatibility mode is ideal for
UNIX and Novell versions which have Adaptec support
built into the kernel. The overall performance of the
DTC 3290 is superior to the DPT and Ultrastor cards we
have tested.

Manufacturer
Model
Cache
Bus

DTC
3280A
None
ISA

The 3280 is the best buy we've found in a low cost
SCSI controller. Software drivers are available for Novell,
DOS, OS/2 and Xenix. These controllers work well in
nearly all motherboards. At under $100 wholesale, the
price/ performance ratio can't be beat.
Hard Drive Bible 255

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

256 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Floppy Drives
At present, the computer industry seems to have
standardized on the 5 floppy drives listed below. 1.2 and
1.44MB drives are the most popular, although low density 360K diskettes are most commonly used for software
distribution.

Note: some early 1.2MB drives used a data transfer
rate of 300KHz when reading 360K disks.

Industry Standard Floppy Drives

Capacity
360K
1.2MB*
720K

Tracks

Transfer Rate

Form Factor

Tracks/Inch

40

250KHz

5.25"

48

40/80

250/500KHz

5.25"

48/135

40

250KHz

1.44MB

40/80

2.88MB

80

250/500KHz
1000KHz (IMHz)

3.50"

48

3.50"

48/135

3.50"

135

The floppy drive list below is designed to aid in identifying some of the more common floppy drives.

Model Number

Capacity

No. of Tracks

Form Factor

ALPS

FDD-2124

180KB

40

5.25 HH

AT&T

KS-23114

720KB

80

5.25 HH

FD350 (SCSI)

-

-

3.50 HH

FD525 (SCSI

-

-

5.25 HH

531

360KB

40

5.25 HH

MD 5501

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

9409

360KB

40

5.25 FH

9409T

720KB

80

5.25 FH

9429

720KB

80

5.25 HH

FJ205

1.44MB

135

2.00

C354

720KB

80

3.50 HH

C359

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

Manufacturer

AURORA TECH

CANNON

CDC

CHINON

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 257

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Manufacturer
CHINON (Can't)

EPSON

IBM

FUJITSU

258 Hard Drive Bible

Model Number

Capacity

No. of Tracks

Form Factor

C502

360KB

40

5.25 HH

C506

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

F2506

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

SMD-1040

1.44MB

135

3.50 HH

SMD-340

1.44MB

135

3.50 HH

SMD-349

1.4MB

135

3.50 HH

SMD-380

720KB

80

3.50 111

SMO-389

720KB

80

3.50 HH

SD-520

360KS

40

5.25 HH

SO-521

360KB

40

5.25 HH

SD-621l

360KB

48

5.25 HH

SD-680l

1.2MB

96

5.25 HH

1006

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

1027

720KB

80

3.50 HH

1056

720KB

80

3.50 HH

1063

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

1066

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

1072

1.44MB

80

3.501 11

1106

2.88MB

-

3.50 111

3057

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

M2532

720KB

80

3.50 HH

M2537

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

M2551A

360KB

40

5.25 FH

M2552A

720KB

96

5.25 FH

M2553A,K

1.2MB

80

5.25 FH
©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Manufacturer
MITSUBISHI

MITSUMI

MPI

NEC

OLIVETTI
PACIFIC RIM

© CSC 1994

Model Number

Capacity

No. of Tracks

Form Factor

MF353AF,B,BA,C

720KB

135

3.50 HH

MF355A,AF,B,C

1.44MB

135

3.50 1.0"

4852

360KB

40

5.25 FH

4853

720KB

80

5.25 HH

4854

1.2 MB

80

5.25 HH

MF501A,B,C

360KB

48

5.25 HH

MF504A,B,C

1.2MB

96

5.25 HH

289-63

-

-

8.00 HH

D 352T2

2.88MB

80

3.50 1

D357P

720KB

80

3.50 HH

D 359P

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

D503V

360KB

40

5.25 HH

D509V

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

51-8

180KB

40

5.25 HH

52-8

360KB

40

5.25 FH

FD-1335H

1.44MB

80

3.50 1.0"

FD-1157C

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

FD-1165FQ

-

-

8.00 HH

XM4311

360KB

40

5.25 HH

U1.44

1.44MB

80

3.50 HH

U4

2.88MB

80

3.50 1.0"

U720

720KB

80

3.50 HH

U1.2

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

U360

360KS

40

5.25 HH

11

Hard Drive Bible 259

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Manufacturer

Model Number

Capacity

No. of Tracks

Form Factor

PANASONIC

JU-257

1.44MB

80

3.50 111

JU-259A

2.88MB

80

3.50 1

JU-475

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

542

360KB

40

5.25 FH

842

-

-

8.00 FH

SANYO

FDA-5200

360KB

40

5.25 HH

SEIKO

8640

720KB

80

5.25

SA400L

180KB

40

5.25 FH

SA455

360KB

40

5.25 HH

SA460

360KS

40

5.25 FH

SA800-1

-

-

8.00 FH

SA800-2

-

-

8.00 FH

SA860

-

-

8.00 HH

SA900-1

-

-

8.00 FH

FDD100-5

180KB

40

5.25 FH

MPF-11

720KB

135

3.50 HH

MPF-17

1.44MB

135

3.50 HH

65-4

720KB

80

5.25 HH

65-8

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

75-8

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

TM100-1A

180KB

40

5.25 FH

TM100-2A

360KB

40

5.25 FH

TM100-4

720KB

80

5.25 FH

TM101-4A

720KB

80

5.25 FH

QUME

SHUGART

SIEMENS
SONY

TANDON

260 Hard Drive Bible

11

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Manufacturer
TANDON (Can't)
TEAC

TEC
TOSHIBA

YE-DATA

© CSC 1994

Model Number

Capacity

No. of Tracks

Form Factor

848-02

-

-

8.00

FD-235FN

720KB

135

3.50 1.0"

FD-235HFN

1.44MB

135

3.50 1.0"

FD-235J

2.88MB

135

3.50 1.0"

FD-50A

180KB

40

5.25 FH

FD-55A

180KB

40

5.25 HH

FD-55BR,BV

360KB

40

5.25 HH

FD-55E

360KB

40

5.25 HH

FD-55FV

720KB

80

5.25 HH

FD-55GFR,GFV,GR

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

FB501

180KB

40

5.25 HH

FDD4603

720KB

80

3.50 HH

FDD 6471

360KB

40

5.25 FH

FDD6784

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

FDD6882

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

ND-3521

720KB

80

3.50 1.0"

ND-354A

720KB

80

3.50 1.0"

ND-3561

1.44MB

80

3.50 1.0"

PD-211

2.88MB

80

3.50 1.0"

ND-0401

360KB

40

5.25 HH

ND-0801

1.2MB

80

5.25 HH

646

720KB

80

3.50 HH

Hard Drive Bible 261

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262 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 11994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Disk
Drive Technology
There is a constant struggle between the optical
and magnetic disk drive manufacturers. Respected industry analysts have predicted that optical drives will
replace magnetics in the near future. But hard drive
designs keep improving and optical drive manufacturers
constantly struggle to approach the capacity and performance of magnetic drives.
In theory, the density of optical media can exceed
that of magnetic media. In practice, an optical disk drive
engineer faces the same problems encountered in hard
drive design. Recording density is limited by the ability
to design a manufacturable system with precise mechanical alignment.
The main advantage of today's optical storage
devices is removability. Nearly all optical drives feature
rugged removable media. This optical media is generally
much less expensive than an equivalent hard disk. At the
time ofthis printing a good 1GB magnetic hard disk drive
costs around $1000. The equivalent optical drive about
$1500. The performance ofthe magnetic drive is roughly
twice that of the optical drive. But adding an additional
1GB by purchasing an extra optical cartridge costs only
$150. The total cost for 3GB of storage with the optical
drive is $1950, but the total cost of a magnetic system is
$3000! Optical removability makes sense in applications
where large amounts of data can be partitioned on
cartridges but must be stored with immediate access.
Optical drives are popular in applications like online
network backup and graphic image storage.
Optical disk drives can be divided into three basic
categories: CD-ROM, WORM, and Erasable. CD-ROM
drives are read-only devices. CD-ROM disks are mass
produced from a glass master using expensive equipment. The cost of producing a CD-ROM disk using this
equipment is low in volume. CD-ROM's produced one at
a time are called "one-off" disks. One-offs are produced
using a CD compatible WORM disk.

CD-ROM drives
CD-ROM disks are the future of software distribution. Instead of distributing programs floppy diskettes,
software manufacturers are switching to CD-ROM. In
© CSC 1994

quantity, a 650MB CD-ROM costs around 65¢ to produce. This compares with a cost of 25¢ each for six
1.44MB floppy diskettes. The immense storage capacity,
low production cost, and inherent difficulties in making
unauthorized copies make CD-ROM attractive to software manufacturers. When this article was written, the
cost of a CD-ROM drive in large quantity had dropped
below $100.

WORM Drives
The acronym W.O.R.M. stands for Write Once,
Read Many. WORM drives use a laser to ablate (burn)
tiny pits in optical media. Once these pits are burned, they
cannot be erased. The WORM compensates for this
limitation by offering immense storage capacity and
removable media. WORM media is also usually much
cheaper than erasable optical media.
Driver software is used with WORM drives so that
the inability to erase is invisible to the operating system.
When files are erased or changed, the old files are mapped
out and the available capacity of the WORM disk decreases.
Though the present trend is moving away from
WORM drives toward erasable optical drives, the low
cost and good performance of WORM drives still offers
an economical solution for data storage where fast access
is required.

Erasable Optical Drives
Modem erasable optical drives offer an alternative
to large capacity magnetic drives. Although the performance and reliability oferasable optical drives has not yet
matched magnetic drives, removability makes them attractive in many applications.
Erasable optical drives do not require driver software for most operating systems since they are functionally identical to hard disk drives. Driver software is
needed only for "hot cartridge" changing of the media
while operating system is running.
Newer erasable opticals record on both sides of the
media and store 1000MB or more (unformatted) per
Hard Drive Bible 263

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

cartridge. Erasable optical media is constantly coming
down in price, and is now cost-effective for on-line
backup.
The newer MaxOptics erasable optical drives offer
access times approaching hard disks. These drives are
among the highest performance optical drives available.

264 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Optical Drive
Specifications
Optical Drive List
Form
Factor

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

Data Optic 600

5.25

WMRM

594MB

67rns

SCSI

-

-

MQO-151

5.25

WMRM

594MB

95rns

SCSI

-

-

MVO-151

5.25

WMRM

594MB

95rns

SCSI

-

-

MZO-151

5.25

WMRM

594MB

95rns

SCSI

-

-

Optical/HSC

5.25

WMRM

594MB

95rns

SCSI

-

-

Accel

AE0650

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95rns

SCSI

-

-

Allegro

PVCD650S

5.25

RO

650MB

340rns

Prop.

-

-

Alphatronix

IDQ10-M

5.25

WMRM

650MB

83rns

Q-BUS

-

-

IDQ20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1300MB

83rns

Q-BUS

-

-

IDU10-M

5.25

WMRM

650MB

83rns

UNIBUS

-

-

IDU20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1300MB

83rns

UNIBUS

-

-

IMC10-M

5.25

WMRM

616MB

83rns

SCSI(M)

-

-

IMC20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1232MB

83rns

SCSI(M)

-

-

IPA10-M

5.25

WMRM

650MB

83rns

XT/AT

-

-

IPA20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1300MB

83rns

XT/AT

-

-

IPN10-M

5.25

WMRM

650MB

83rns

XT/AT

-

-

IPN20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1300MB

83rns

XT/AT

-

-

IPS10-M

5.25

WMRM

650MB

83rns

MCA

-

-

IPS20-D,T,S,R

5.25

WMRM

1300MB

83rns

MCA

-

-

Manufacturer

Model
Number

A.D.I.C
A.D.S.1.

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible 265

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Model
Number

Form
Factor

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

ISS10-M

5.25

WMRM

592MB

83ms

SCSI(S)

-

-

ISS20-D,T,S,T

5.25

WMRM

1184MB

83ms

SCSI(S)

-

-

APT Odessa

ROS-3250EIS

5.25

WMRM

560MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Apple
Computer

CDSC

5.25

-

550MB

600ms

SCSI-M

Disk

Yes

Arix Computer

RO-5030E

5.25

WMRM

652MB

67ms

SCSI

-

-

ASC

MO-55

5.25

WMRM

596MB

49ms

SCSI

-

-

CD Technology

T3201
Portadriv

5.25

-

-

350ms

SCSI-M

Disk

Yes

CDA-431

5.25

-

550MB

350ms

SCSI-M

-

Yes

-

550MB

350ms

SCSI

-

Yes

-

550MB

350ms

SCSI

-

Yes

Manufacturer

Alphatronix
(Con't)

Chinon

FH

FH
HH

CDS-431

5.25

HH
CDX-431

5.25

HH
Concurrent

R/W Optical

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

49ms

SCSI

-

-

Consan,lnc

RS600/N

5.25

WMRM

596MB

67ms

SCSI

-

-

Corel Systems

650-MO

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

Cart

-

Deltaic Systems

OptiServer 600

5.25

WMRM

595MB

67ms

SCSI

-

-

OptiServer
600P

5.25

WMRM

595MB

67ms

SCSI

-

-

DRD-253

5.25

RO

-

400ms

SCSI

-

Yes

Denon

HH
Dolphin System

Sonar-600S

5.25

WMRM

600MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

Dynatek
Systems

DROS600

5.25

WMRM

1200MB

50ms

SCSI

-

-

MOS1600

5.25

WMRM

600MB

50ms

SCSI

-

-

MOS2600

5.25

WMRM

600MB

50ms

SCSI

-

-

MOS3600

5.25

WMRM

600MB

50ms

SCSI

-

266 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Model
Number

Form
Factor

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

Oynatek
Systems (Can't)

ROS600

5.25

WMRM

600MB

50ms

SCSI

-

-

Exsys Storage

Laser RA-2M

5.25

WMRM

934MB

35ms

SOl

-

-

Laser RA-2S

5.25

WMRM

574MB

95ms

SDI

-

-

Laser RA-4M

5.25

WMRM

1868MB

35ms

SDI

-

-

Laser RA-4S

5.25

WMRM

1188MB

95ms

SDI

-

-

Laser RA-7M

5.25

WMRM

3269MB

35ms

SDI

-

-

Laser RA-7S

5.25

WMRM

2079MB

95ms

SOl

-

-

Hammerdisk
1000

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

SCSI

-

-

Hammerdisk
600S

5.25

WMRM

574MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

General Micro

MOlD 220

5.25

WMRM

924MB

35ms

SCSI(S)

-

-

Genstar

2000

5.25

RO

650MB

450ms

Prop.

Herstal

50652A

5.25

WMRM

652MB

44ms

SCSI

-

-

51000A

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

SCSI

-

-

50720A

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

PRO

-

-

C1711A

5.25

WMRM

650MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

CDR-1700S

5.25

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI

Disk

-

CDR-1750S

5.25

RO

600MB

320ms

SCSI

-

-

OD-112-1

5.25

WMRM

644MB

75ms

SCSI

-

-

3510-001

5.25

RD

600MB

380ms

SCSI

-

yes

0162

3.50

WMRM

-

-

SCSI

-

-

CM-201

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

500ms

IDE

Cart

Digital

CM-212

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

400ms

SCSI

Cart

Digital

Manufacturer

FWB

Hewlett-Packard

Hitachi

IBM

Laser Magnetics

©

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible 267

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Model
Number

Form
Factor

CM-221

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

500ms

IDE

Cart

Analog

CM-231

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

400ms

SCSI

Cart

Analog

LM-51 0

5.25
FH

WORM

654MB

61ms

SCSI

Cart

-

LM-520

5.25
FH

WMRM

654MB

70ms

SCSI

Cart

-

LD-4100

Rack

WMRM

5.6GB

80ms

SCSI

Cart

-

LF-4500

Rack

WMRM

28.0GB

80ms

SCSI

Cart

-

M.O.S.T.

RMD-5100-S

3.50
HH

WMRM

128MB

35ms

SCSI

-

-

Macsetra

Genesis 6000i

5.25

WMRM

600MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

Maxcess

M-600L

5.25

WMRM

600MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

Maxoptix

RXT-800HS

5.25
HH

WORM

786MB

108ms

SCSI

Cart

-

Tahiti

5.25
FH

WMRM

1GB

35ms

SCSI

Cart

-

Meridian

100T Network

5.25
HH

RO

-

250ms

-

Disk

N/A

Micro Design

Laserbank
600CD

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI

Disk

Yes

Laserbank
600R

5.25

WMRM

650MB

65ms

SCSI

-

-

Micronet

SB-SMO/DOS

5.25

WMRM

586MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Mirror
Technology

CDR-10

5.25

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI

Disk

Yes

RM600

5.25

WMRM

594MB

61ms

SCSI

-

-

MW-5D1

5.25
FH

-

300MB

63rns

ESDI

-

-

MW-5U1

5.25
FH

WORM

300MB

68rns

SCSI

-

-

Manufacturer

Laser Magnetics
(Con't)

Mitsubishi

268 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

300ms

SCSI

-

Yes

R6501mceDOS, LAN,
OS2

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

R6501sceDOS, LAN,
MAC

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

R6501 sci-DOS

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

W6501

5.25

WMRM

594MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Ocean

Tidalwave 650

5.25

WMRM

564MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Online Products

OPC-OSU-202

5.25
HH

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI,P

Disk

N/A

Optima

Concorde

5.25

WMRM

564MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Panasonic

LF-5010

5.25
FH

WORM

940MB

90ms

SCSI-2

Cart

-

LF-7010

5.25
HH

WMRM

1000MB

90ms

SCSI-2

Cart

-

REO-130

5.25
HH

RO

128MB

28ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Opt

REO-1300

5.25
FH

WMRM

1300MB

65ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Opt

REO-650

5.25
FH

WMRM

650MB

65ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Opt

REO-6500

5.25
FH

RO

6500MB

65ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Opt

REO-36000

5.25
FH

RO

36000MB

65ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Opt

DD-U5001

5.25
FH

-

654MB

60ms

SCSI

Cart

-

DE-S7001

5.25

WMRM

654MB

53ms

SCSI

Cart

-

Manufacturer

Model
Number

Form
Factor

NEC

CDR-73

N/Hance
Systems

Pinnacle
Microsystems

Pioneer

© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 269

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Manufacturer

Model
Number

Pioneer (Can't)

DE-U7001

Form
Factor

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

5.25
FH

WMRM

654MB

53ms

SCSI

Cart

-

DRM-600

5.25
FH

RO

6x540MB

600ms

SCSI

Disk

Yes

DD-8001

8.00
FH

WMRM

1500MB

250ms

SCSI

Cart

-

DJ-1

8.00

WMRM

1500MB

250ms

SCSI

Cart

-

Infinity Optical

5.25
FH

WMRM

562MB

107ms

SCSI

Cart

-

CD-ROM

5.25

RO

600MB

380ms

SCSI

-

-

MCDRom-650

5.25
HH

RO

-

350ms

SCSI,M

Disk

Yes

MEOD650/E

5.25

WMRM

568MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

500AT Dual
SCSI

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

SCSI

Disk

Optical

500AT External

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

PRO

Disk

Optical

500AT
Ext.SCSI

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

SCSI

Disk

Optical

500AT Internal

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

PRO

Disk

Optical

500AT Int.
SCSI

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

SCSI

Disk

Optical

500PS2 Ext.

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

PRO

Disk

Optical

500PS2EXT.
SCSI

5.25
HH

RO

-

500ms

SCSI

Disk

Optical

Relax Tech.

25-2160

5.25

WMRM

570MB

65ms

SCSI

-

-

Ricoh

RO-5030E II

5.25
FH

WMRM

652MB

67ms

SCSI

Cart

-

RA-9100H

5.25

WORM

800MB

168ms

SCSI

Cart

-

PLI Peripherals

Procom
Technology

Reference
Technology

HH
270 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

5.25
FH

WMRM

652MB

67ms

SCSI

Cart

-

CDU-7205

5.25

RO

600MB

340ms

IDE

-

-

CDU-7211

5.25

RO

600MB

380ms

SCSI

-

-

SMO-D501
C501

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

SMO-S501

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

SST Storage

STAKII

5.25

WMRM

650MB

67ms

SCSI

-

-

Storage
Dimensions

Erasable
Optical

5.25

WMRM

562MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

LNE1-1000AT

5.25

WMRM

900MB

49ms

SCSI

-

-

LSE1-1000AT

5.25

WMRM

900MB

49ms

SCSI

-

-

MCE880-HC1

5.25

WMRM

900MB

49ms

SCSI

-

-

Summus Compo

SO-600

5.25

WMRM

594MB

90md

SCSI

-

-

Sumo Systems

RSSM600-C
(PC)

5.25

WMRM

594MB

50ms

SCSI

Cart

-

RSSM600
DEC

5.25

WMRM

594MB

50ms

SCSI

Cart

-

RSSM600
S(SUN)

5.25

WMRM

594MB

50ms

SCSI(S)

Cart

-

CDR-3600U

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Syst. 286-12
CD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Manufacturer

Model
Number

Ricoh (Con't)

RS-9200E II

Sony

Sun Moon Star

©

Form
Factor

Tandy

CDR-1000

5.25

RO

600MB

1000ms

Prop.

-

-

Tecmar

Laservault

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

107ms

SCSI

-

-

Texel

DM-5021

5.25

RO

600MB

340ms

SCSI

-

-

Todd

TCDR-6000

5.25

RO

600MB

340MS

Prop.

-

-

Toshiba

TXM-3301-E1

5.25

RO

600MB

325ms

SCSI

-

-

esc 1994

Hard Drive Bible 271

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Optical Drive List (Continued)
Manufacturer

Model
Number

Form
Factor

Type

Capacity

Access
Time

Interface

Media

Audio

Toshiba (Can't)

WM-070

5.25

WORM

900MB

90ms

SCSI

-

-

XM-3201A1
MAC

5.25

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI(M)

-

Yes

XM-3201A1
PC

5.25

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI

-

Yes

XM-3201-PS2

5.25

RO

600MB

350ms

SCSI

-

Yes

RO

683MB

350ms

SCSI

Cart

Yes

RO

683MB

380ms

SCSI(M)

Cart

Yes

RO

683MB

380ms

SCSI

Cart

Yes

RO

683MB

380ms

SCSI

Cart

Yes

HH
HH
HH

XM-3201B

5.25

HH
XM-5100A
MAC

5.25

XM-5100A
PCF

5.25

XM-5100A
PS2

5.25

HH
HH
HH

WM-500

-

WORM

5000MB

160ms

SCSI

Cart

Yes

Trimarchi

LaserAce

5.25

WMRM

600MB

45ms

SCSI

-

-

Tristar

PE3600-10

5.25

WMRM

600MB

61ms

SCSI

-

-

PE3660-10Q

5.25

WMRM

600MB

61ms

Q-Bus

-

-

PE3660-1 R

5.25

WMRM

600MB

61ms

SCSI

-

-

PE3660-2R

5.25

WMRM

1200MB

61ms

SCSI

-

-

QD1000-Q

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

Q-Bus

-

-

Q01000-S

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

SCSI(S)

-

-

QD1000-U

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

Unibus

-

-

QT1000-Q

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

Q-Bus

-

-

QT1000-S

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

SCSI(S)

-

-

QT1000-U

5.25

WMRM

1000MB

35ms

Unibus

-

-

Xyxis

XY600RW

5.25

WMRM

574MB

61ms

SCSI

-

-

Zetaco

SKR-600

5.25

WMRM

650MB

95ms

SCSI

-

-

U.S. Design

272 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Tape Drives
Tape Drive Interfaces

Data Compression and Honest Capacity

Listed below are the most common tape drive
interfaces.

The Pertec standard interface dates back to the
mainframe tape drives ofthe early 70' s. Nearly all 9 track
reel to reel tape drives use the Pertec interface.

Since digital tape drives have inherently slow access times, they are used primarily for backup and archival storage and large capacity information transfer. Since
most backup and archival processes benefit greatly from
data compression, many manufacturers include data compression software with their tape drives. Many also
advertise the capacity of the tape drive AFTER DATA
COMPRESSION.
This advertising is deceptive because the actual
storage capacity of the tape will vary depending on how
much the incoming data can be compressed before it is
recorded. Most data compression schemes will compress typical data to a maximum 2: 1 ratio. The actual
compression ratio you get will depend on the type offiles
you are compressing. Most graphics and text files can be
easily compressed, while programs generally do not
compress well.

QIC-02

Choosing a Tape Drive

QIC-02 is a hardware interface and software command set standard. QIC-02 drives have an imbedded
microprocessor which controls them and uses standard
commands to read and write blocks of data and control
the tape (similar to the SCSI interface). A QIC-02 style
command set is also used by most QIC-36 controllers.

To choose a tape drive, fITst determine the maximum capacity you need. Beware ofdeceptive advertising
when selecting a drive based on capacity. Colorado
Memories sells the Colorado Jumbo as a 250 Megabyte
floppy tape drive. The actual uncompressed storage
capacity of this drive using standard length tapes is
80MB. Extended length tapes boost capacity to 120MB.
If data can be compressed 2: 1 using the included Colorado data compression software, the capacity could be as
high as 250MB. The actual storage capacity you get will
probably be much less.
Another main consideration in selecting a tape
drive is data transfer rate. Floppy Tape drives are
generally the slowest and QIC-36 and SCSI drives are
generally the fastest available. Using data compression
generally slows data transfer. The table below lists the
backup times and transfer rates of some typical drives
tested at CSC. The actual transfer rate and backup time
you achieve will depend on several factors including: bus
speed, hard drive speed, and controller setup, but this
chart provides a relative reference.

Floppy Tape
The Floppy Tape interface is simply an SA-400
floppy drive pinout. Floppy tape drives can be connected
just like a floppy drive and usually do not require a
separate interface card. There is a performance penalty
paid for this convenience though: most floppy tape drives
can not transfer data faster than 500Kbits/sec.

Pertee

QIC-36
QIC-36 is a low level hardware interface used by
most all DC600 style tape drives. This interface offers no
"intelligence"; it connects directly the drive motors and
heads. An intelligent controller is required to use the
QIC-36 interface.

SCSI
The SCSI interface is now used on all of the newer
DAT and most of the DC600 style tape drives. Many
companies offer "bridge controllers" which connect QIC02 and QIC-36 drives to the SCSI bus.
© CSC 1994

Hard Drive Bible 273

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Tape Drive Performance Comparison
Colorado Jumbo "250MB"
Interface:
Controller:
Rated Capacity:
Honest Capacity:
Transfer Rate:
Time to write 40MB:

Floppy Tape
AT Floppy
250MB
120MB
1.3MB/minute
31 minutes

thinner than normal. Thin tapes tend to tear under heavy
use. If you do not need the extra capacity that extended
length tapes provide, or if you use your tapes frequently,
a standard length tape will prove more reliable. Thin
tapes usually have an XL added to the tape part number.
The following chart lists the standard capacities of most
common standard and extra length tape cartridges.

Caliper CP-150B
Interface:
Controller:
Rated Capacity:
Honest Capacity:
Transfer Rate:
Time to write 40MB:

QIC-36
Wangtec (DMA mode)
250MB
250MB
6. 1MB/minute
6.5 minutes

JVC 4MM SCSI OAT
Interface:
Controller:
Rated Capacity:
Honest Capacity:
Transfer Rate:
Time to write 40MB:

SCSI
CSC FastCache 64
Controller
800MB
800MB
7.5MB/minute
5.4 minutes

PerSci 9 Track 6250BPI reel-reel
Interface:
Controller:
Capacity with 9" tape:
Transfer Rate:
Time to write 40MB:

Pertec
MicroTech
80MB
5MB/minute
8 minutes

The above performance tests were made in a typical
25MHz 486 clone with a SCSI hard drivee It's interesting
to note that the QIC-36 drives offer a transfer rate similar
to theDAT drives. The speed ofthe floppy tape drive was
close to most floppy disk backup programs.

Extended length Tapes
The maximum capacity of a tape drive can also be
increased using an extended length tape. To increase the
length of a tape cartridge, the tape material must be made
274 Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

STANDARD TAPE CAPACITY
Tape Cartridge
DC 100
DC 1000
DC 1000 Alphamat
DC 2000
DC 2000XL
DC 615
DC 600
DC 600A
DC 600XTD
DC 600XL
1/2" Cartridge
4MM DAT DDS-160M
4MM DAT DDS-190M
4MM DAT DDS-290M
8MM EXABYTE 8200 60M
8MM EXABYTE 8500 60M

Reel-to-Reel Tapes
9 Track 1400BPI
9 Track 6250BPI

Length (feet)

Tracks

185
185
185
200
200
150
600
600
600
960
1000
180
270
270
180
180

16
16
24
24
24
09
09
09
15
15
36
Helical
Helical
Helical
Helical
Helical

Length

Tracks

1000'
1000'

9
9

Scan
Scan
Scan
Scan
Scan

Capacity
(no compression)
10MB
10MB
20MB
40MB
60MB
15MB
60MB
60MB
125MB
200MB
200MB
1300MB
2000MB
4000MB
2200MB
5000MB

Capacity
17MB
75MB

Standard Tape Capacity

©

csc 1994

Hard Drive Bible 275

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

276 Hard Drive Bible

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Manulacturers Phone List
Although these numbers are believed to be correct
to the best of our knowledge at the time of printing, CSC
cannot assume liability for their use.
3COM
Accton Technology
Acculogic
Ace Technologies, Inc
Acer America
Adaptec
Adtron Corporation
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc
ALR
AMD
Amdek
AmericaMegatrends
AMI ASIS Division
AMP
Ampex
Amphenol Corporation
AMS
AMT International Industries
Angia Communications
Apex Data
Artisoft.
AspenPeripherals
AST
AT! Technologies
AT&T Microelectronics
AT&T Paradyne
Atmel Corporation
Aura Associates
Austin Computer Systems
Award Software
B.A.S.F
B&C Microsystems, Inc
Berg Electronics
©

esc 1994

(800)876-3266
(408)452-8900
(714)454-2441
(408)428-9722
(800)825-9977
(800)848-2237
(408)945-2550
(800)959-7274
(602)926-7274
(508)853-5000
(714)581-6770
(408)749-2385
(800)538-8450
(800)722-6335
(404)263-8181
(208)234-6661
(717)564-0100
(800)522-6752
(800)262-6739
(203)281-3200
(305)784-0900
(714)375-0306
(801)371-0488
(800)841-2739
(602)670-7000
(818)787-1111
(905)822-2626
(800)727-1278
(416)882-2600
(800)372-2447
(800)482-3333
(408)441-0311
(408)252-2872
(800)483-9938
(415)968-4433
(800)669-2273
(800)225-4350
(408)730-5511
(919)248-5098

Boca Research
Borland
Calcomp
Calluna Technology
Canon
Capstone Technology
Cardwell International Corp
Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc
CDC (Imprimis)
Celestica
Centennial, Inc
C Centennial.
Central Point.
Century Microelectronics
Chaplet Peripherals
Chips & Technology
CIM Engineering, Inc.(USA)
Cirrus Logic
CMS Enhancements
Cogito
Colorado Memory
Commstar,lnc
Compaq
Complus
Computer Boards
Computer Peripherals
ComTree USA
Conner Peripherals
Core International.
Corporate Systems Center
CPI
Creative Labs
Curtis Inc
Cyrix
Data 110
Data 1, Inc
Databook
Datalight.

(407)241-8088
(800)841-8180
(800)541-7877
(408)453-4735
(800)423-2366
(51 0)438-3500
(916)985-1880
(408)748-7700
(800)852-3475
(800)461-2913
(508)670-0646
(508)532-5908
(800)535-3668
(503)690-8080
(408)748-7788
(408)732-7950
(408)434-0600
(415)578-9998
(51 0)623-8300
(714)222-6000
(408)942-8262
(303)635-1501
(612)473-4284
(800)345-1518
(510)623-1000
(508)261-1123
(805)499-5751
(301)670-6166
(408)433-3340
(408)456-3200
(407)997-6055
(800)688-9910
(408)734-3475
(805)499-6021
(405)742-6622
(612)631-9512
(800)462-9749
(206)881-6444
(800)332-1536
(800)642-1536
(716)889-4204
(206)435-8086
Hard Drive Bible 277

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Data Race, Inc
Data Shield
Data Trek Corporation
Diamond Systems
Digital Equipment Corp
Disk Technologies
DLink
Dr. Neuhaus Engineering
DuPont Connector Systems
Elco
Emulex Corporation
Enhance Memory Products
E Tech Research, Inc
Epson America
Everex
EXP Computer
EXP Memory
FarPoint Communications
FDKAmerica, Inc
FlexstarTechnology
Focus Microsystems
Foxconn Intematinal, Inc
Fuji
Fujitsu America
Fujitsu ICL
Fujitsu Microelectronics
Future Domain
Gateway 2000
Gateway Communications
Genoa
GoldstarTechnology
Globe Manufacturing Sales, Inc
Greystone Peripherals
GVC ~
Hayes Microcomputer Products
Hewlett-Packard
Hirose Electric, Inc
Hitachi America, Ltd
Houston Instruments

(210)558-1900
(800)749-3703
(312)329-1601
(219)522-8000
(904)241-4550
(800)722-9332
(800)553-0337
(714)455-1688
(408)685-0928
(800)237-4357
(814)643-0700
(800)653-3526
(800)368-5393
(800)343-0100
(408)730-1388
(310)7825341
(800)922-8911
(510)498-4411
(516)496-3703
(714)453-1020
(805)726-4420
(408)432-8331
(510)440-0170
(408)436-2336
(408)749-1228
(408)428-9100
(800)626-4686
(800)345-0845
(408)922-9202
(714)253-0400
(800)879-7599
(605)232-2000
(800)846-2000
(714)553-1555
(800)367-6555
(408)432-9090
(800)777-1192
(908)232-7301
(800)227-3258
(408)866-4739
(201)579-3630
(404)441-1617
(208)323-2551
(800)752-0900
(805)522-7958
(415)589-8320
(800)369-0422
(800)444-3425

IBM
IBM/Lexmark
IBM Microelectronics
IBM Personal Computer Co
IBM Toronto
Integral Peripherals
Intel Corporation
Iomega
IMP
Irma DCA
Irwin Magnetics
JAE Electronics, Inc
I.S.T. Corporation
Kalok Corporation(JTS)
Kensington Microware
Keytronic
Kingston Technology Corp
Kodak Diconix
Kurta
Kyocera
LaserTools
Linksys
Logic Modeling
Logitech
Lonetek Electronics Technology
Lotus Development.
LSI Logic Corporation
MSystems
MagicRAM,Inc
Mag Innovision
Magnavox & Philips
Maxell Corporation of America
Maxim Integrated Products
Maxtor Corporation
Megadrive Systems
Megahertz Corporation
Memorex Computer Supplies
Memorex Corporation
Memory Card Associates
Methode Electronics, Inc
Micrel Semiconductor

278

Hard Drive Bible

(416)448-4299
(800)426-3333
(606)232-3000
(802)769-6774
(800)772-2227
(416)448-5555
(800)461-2913
(303)449-8009
(503)629-7000
(800)879-4683
(800)456-5522
(408)432-9100
(404)740-0300
(801)778-3000
(714)753-2600
(708)803-3300
(800)947-1110
(408)734-4258
(800)535-4242
(800)262-6006
(714)435-2699
(800)344-0006
(800)445-8782
(619)576-2600
(800)767-8005
(714)261-1288
(503)690-6900
(800)344-0004
(510)795-0801
(408)737-7600
(800)223-0303
(408)433-8000
(516)424-4545
(213)413-9999
(800)827-3998
(615)475-0317
(201)794-8382
(408)737-7600
(408)432-1700
(800)262-9867
(800)322-4744
(801) 272-6000
(800)527-8677
(408)957-0104
(408)957-1000
(408)732-2550
(708)867-9600
(800)323-6858
(408)245-2500
© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Micro Memory
Micronics
Micropolis
Microsoft Corporation
Miniscribe (Now MaxtorColorado)
Ministor Peripherals Corp
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi Electronics America
Molex, Inc
Motorola NewsCard
Motorola UDS
Mountain Network Solutions
MSD3
Multitech Design & Test, Inc
Multitech Systems
Nanao USA Corporation
NationalInstruments
National Semiconductor
NCL
NCR
NDC Communications, Inc
NEC Technologies
Newbury Data
New Media Corporation
Novacor, Inc
Novell.
Okidata
Oki Semiconductor
Olivetti.
Olson Computer Products
Omron
Ontrack
OPTI
OptimaTechnology
OrchidTechnology
Otari Corporation
Pacific DataProducts
Pacific Magtron
Pacific Rim Systems, Inc
Panasonic

© CSC 1994

(818)998-0070
(510)651-2300
(818)709-3300
(206)454-2030
(303)651-6000
(800)262-9867
(408)943-0165
(800)843-2515
(800)344-6352
(408)746-0911
(708)969-4550
(407)364-3160
(800)542-7882
(205)430-8000
(800)451-2369
(800)458-0300
(408)778-7267
(408)970-8700
(612)785-3500
(800)328-9717
(800)800-5202
(512)794-0100
(800)272-9959
(408)737-2496
(316)636-8000
(408)428-9108
(708)860-0335
(800)388-8888
(310)372-3775
(714)453-0550
(800)453-0550
(408)441-6500
(800)453-1267
(609)235-2600
(800)634-0089
(408)737-6372
(908)526-8200
(210)379-7000
(408)727-1444
(612)937-2121
(408)980-8178
(714)476-0515
(510)683-0300
(415)341-5900
(619)597-3444
(408)733-1188
(510)782-1013
(408)262-2200
(800)222-0584

Panasonic Industrial Co
ParadiseSystems
PCS Computer Products
Pen National, Inc
Phoenix Technologies, Inc
Piiceon
Practical Peripherals
Precision Plastics
Pre Max Electronics
PrimaIntemational
Procom Technology
Proteon
Proxim
Pure Data
Quantum
R&D Micro, Inc
Robinson Nugent
Rockwell Intemaitonal.
Rohm Corporation
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
Seagate Technology
Sharp Electronics
Shugart
Siemens
Sierra Semiconductor
Silicon Storage Technology
Silicon Systems
Siliconix
Simple Technology, Inc
SmartModularTechnologies
SMC
SMS/OMTI
Socket Communications
Solectek
Sony
Stocko Connectors
Storage Dimensions
Summagraphics
Summit Memory
SunDisk Corporation

(201)348-5272
(800)848-3979
(415)960-3360
(800)832-4778
(408)441-6174
(801)973-6090
(617)551-4000
(408)432-8030
(800)366-2983
(805)496-7707
(415)588-4450
(714)851-8242
(408)727-2600
(714)549-9449
(800)800-8600
(508)898-3100
(415)960-1630
(800)661-8210
(408)894-4000
(714)830-1387
(812)945-0564
(714)833-6849
(615)641-2020
(408)954-7000
(800)423-7364
(408)438-6550
(800)468-3472
(201)529-9457
(714)770-1100
(714)979-2240
(408)263-9300
(408)735-9110
(714)573-6200
(408)988-8000
(800)554-5565
(714)558-1120
(800)367-7330
(510)623-1231
(800)992-4762
(800)638-5323
(408)954-1633
(510)670-0300
(800)437-1518
(408)432-0190
(201)93304452
(408)954-0710
(800)729-7866
(408)438-2660
(408)562-0500
Hard Drive Bible 279

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

SupraCorporation
Synova Systems
Syquest.
SystemSoft Corporation
Tandy
TDK Systems Devel. Center
TeacIncorporated
Teka Interconnection Systems
Telecomputer, Inc
Telenetics
Texas Instruments
Texel.
Toddco General, Inc
Toshiba
Toshiba Electronic Components
Trantor
TRENDware International, Inc
Tripplite
Tulin
US Robotics
Vadem
Ventura Micro, Inc
VLSI Technology, Inc
WesternDigital.
Windsoft.
Wireless Access
Word Perfect.
Wyse
Xircom
XXCAL,Inc
Zenith
Zeos
ZIA
Zilog

280

Hard Drive Bible

(503)967-2410
(800)727-8772
(408)436-2336
(510)226-4000
(800)245-2278
(508)651-0088
(817)390-3011
(916)265-5395
(213)726-0303
(401 )785-411 0
(714)894-8954
(714)455-4000
(817)771-5856
(800)886-3935
(619)549-9229
(714)455-0407
(800)999-4273
(714)455-2000
(408)945-8600
(31 0)328-7795
(312)329-1601
(408)432-9025
(800)982-5151
(408)943-9301
(805)486-6686
(408)434-3100
(714)932-4900
(800)832-4778
(201)586-4400
(408)383-1900
(800)541-5096
(408)435-2770
(818)878-7600
(800)874-7875
(310)477-2902
(708)808-4300
(800)553-0331
(800)554-7172
(800)722-2447
(408)370-8000

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

BUlletin Board Services
Many manufacturers of hard drives and other related computer products maintain computer bulletin
boards to provide technical support for their customers.
Listed below are bulletin boards that we know about. The
ones that we have called all use 8,N, 1, modem paramAccton Technology
Adaptec
Always Technology
Areal Technology
APCU(Assoc of PC Groups)
ATI Technologies
Award(BIOS)
Borland
Central Point Software
Chips & Technology
Computer Peripherals Inc
Conner Peripherals
Core International.
CDC
esc Tech Support
Data Technology Corp
Disk Technologies
DPT (DistProcess Tech)
Emulex Corporation
Fifth Generation Systems
FutureDomain
Gateway Communications
Genoa
Gibson Research
GVC
Hayes Microcomputer Products
Headland Technology
Hercules Computer Tech
IBM Microelctronics
IBM PC Users Group
Intel Support
JTS Corporation(Kalok)
LAN (Magazine)
Logitech
Mace, Paul Software
© CSC 1994

(408)452-8828
(408)945-7727
(818)597-0275
(408)954-0360
(408)439-9367
(905)764-9404
(416)764-9404
(415)968-0249
(408)439-9096
(503) 690-6650
(408)456-0721
(805)499-9646
(408)456-4415
(407)241-2929
(408)438-8771
(408)541-8455
(408)942-4197
(407)671-6099
(407)831-6432
(714)662-1445
(504)295-3344
(714)253-0432
(714)863-7097
(408)943-1231
(714)362-8848
(20 1)579-2380
(404)446-6336
(800)874-2937
(51 0)656-0503
(51 0)540-0621
(919)517-0001
(404)988-2790
(503)645-6275
(408)734-4258
(415)267-7640
(510)795-0408
(714)240-7459

eters. Many of them support modem speeds up to 14.4K
baud.
Although these numbers are believed to be correct
to the best of our knowledgeat the time of printing, CSC
cannot assume liability for their use.
Maxtor
McAffee Association
Micronics
Micropolis Corporation
Miniscribe
Mouse Systems
Multitech Systems
National Semiconductor
New Media Corporation
NortoniSymantec
Novell(2400)
(9600)
OntrackComputerSystems
OPTI
Optima Technology
Orchid Technology
Panasonic Comm. Systems
PKWare (PKZip)
Proxim
Quantum
Quarterdeck Office Systems
Samsung Info. Systems
Seagate Technology USA
Seagate Technology UK
Seagate Technology Germany
Seagate Technology Singapore
Silicon Valley Computers
Storage Dimension
SunDisk Corporation
Syquest.
Tech Data
Telix Support
Toshiba America
U.S .Robotics
Western Digital.
WordPerfect Corporation
Wyse Technology

(303)678-2222
(408)988-4004
(510)651-6837
(818)709-331 0
(303)678-2222
(510)683-0617
(612)785-9875
(408)245-0671
(714)453-0214
(408)973-9598
(408)649-3443
(408)649-3696
(612)937-0860
(408)980-9774
(714)476-0626
(51 0) 683-0327
(201 )863-7845
(414)354-8670
(415)960-2419
(408)894-3214
(31 0)396-3904
(408)434-5684
(408)438-8771
44-628-478011
49-89-140-9331
65-227-2217
(415)967-8081
(408)944-1220
(408)986-1186
(510)656-0473
(813)538-7090
(919)481-9399
(714)837-4408
(708)982-5092
(714)753-1234
(80 1)225-4414
(408)922-4400
Hard Drive Bible

281

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

282

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Directory
The following is a list of the addresses and phone
numbers of many manufacturers of storage devices and
related products. The code shown at the end of the listing
indicates the primary products for that manufacturer.

Accton Technology
1962 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95112
(408) 452-8900
(408) 452-8988 Fax
Ace Technologies, Inc.
2880 Zanker Road, #103
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 428-9722
(800) 825-9977
(408) 428-9721 Fax
Acer America
2641 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95134
(800) 848-ACER
(408) 922-2953 Fax
Acma Computers, Inc.
47988 Fremont Blvd.
Fremont, CA 94538
(510) 249-0560
Adaptec, Inc.
691 South Milpitas Blvd.
Milpitas, CA 95035
(000) 422-7274

-'"

--

---

Adtron Corporation
3050 S Country Club Dr.
Suite 24
Mesa, AZ 84210
(602) 926-9324
(602) 926-9359 Fax
Advanced Di5 ital
Information Corporation
14737 N.E. 87th St.
Redmond W A 88073-2996
~:800) 336-1233
(206) 881-8004
~C MTD PCTD PCRW
©

CSC 1994

Advanced Gravis
Computer Tech, Ltd.
1602 Carolina St. Ste D-12
Bellingham, W A 98226
(604) 434-7274
MPC
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc
115 Northeast Cutoff
Box 15036
Worchester, MA 01615
(508) 853-5000
Alphatronix, Inc.
2300 Englert Dr. Ste. C
P.O. Box 13687
Research Triangle Pk NC
27709-3687
(919) 544-0001
MRWPCRW
AMD
901 Thompson Place
Sunnyvale, CA 94088
(408) 749-2385
(800) 538-8450
American Megatrends
6145F Northbelt Pky
Norcross, GA 30071
(404) 263-8181
(404) 263-9381 Fax
American Micro Research
13505A Yorba Ave.
Chino, CA 91710
(714) 590-3900
M

Code: M = Macintosh, PC = IBM PC or compatibles,
MTD = Macintosh Tape Drives, PCTD = PC Tape Drives,
MCD = Macintosh CD-ROM, PCCD = PC CD-ROM,
MRW = Macintosh Read/Write Optical, PCRW = PC
Read/Write Optical.
AMI ASIS Division
200 South Main Street
Pocatello, ID 83204
(208) 234-6661
(208) 234-6695 Fax

Apple Computer, Inc.
20525 Mariani Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
(408) 996-1010
MMCD

AMP
P.O. Box 3608
Harrisburg, PA 17105
(717) 564-0100
(800) 522-6752
(717) 986-7575 Fax

Applied Engineering
3210 Beltline Rd. #154
Dallas, TX 75234
(214) 241-6060
M

AMS
1460 SW 3rd St. Suite B-8
Pompono Beach, FL 33069
(305) 784-0900
(305) 784-5872 Fax
AMT Int'l Industries
16571 Gemini Lane
Huntington Beach CA
92647
(714) 375-0306
(714) 375-0317 Fax

Areal Technology, Inc.
2075 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 436-6800
(408) 436-6844 Fax
PC
Aspen Peripherals
7247 Hayvenhurst Ave AS
Van Nuys, CA 91406
(818) 787-1111
(818) 779-2866 Fax

Angia Communications
441 East Bay Blvd.
P.O.Box 50540
Provo, UT 84605-0540
(801) 371-0488
(801) 373-9847 Fax

AST Research, Inc.
16215 Alton Pkwy
P.O. Box 19658
Irvine, CA 92718
(800) 876-4278
(714) 727-4141
PCPCTD

Apex Data
6670 Amador Plaza Rd.
#200
Dublin, CA 94568
(800) 841-APEX
(510) 803-9388 Fax

AT&T Microelctronics
Two Oak Way
Berkeley Heights, NJ
07922
(800) 372-2447
(215) 439-5923 Fax

Hard Drive Bible

283

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

AT&T Paradyne
8545 126th Avenue N
Largo, FL 34649
(800) 482-3333
(813) 530-2103 Fax
Atmel Corporation
2125 O'Nel Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 441-0311
(408) 436-4300 Fax
Aura Associates
2605 S Winchester Blvd.
Campbell, FA 95008
(408)252-2872
(408)252-2876 Fax
Auspex Engineering
9051 Pelican Avenue
Fountain Valley, CA
92708
(714) 964-6405
(714) 965-9935 Fax
Austin Computer Systems
10300 Metric Blvd.
Austin, TX 78758
(800)483-9938
(512)454-1357 Fax
Award Software Int'I.
777 E Middlefield Road
Mt. View, CA 94043
(415) 968-4433
(415) 968-0274 FAx
Axonix
1214 Wilmington Ave.
Salt Lake City, UT 84106
(800) 866-9797
(801) 466-9797
PC
B & C Microsystems, Inc.
750 North Patoria Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 730-5511
(408) 730-5521 Fax
Berg-Electronics
Barley Mill Plaza
Wilmington,DE 19898
(919) 248-5098
(919) 248-5341 Fax

Blackhole Tech. Corp.
225 East St.
Winchester, MA 01890
(800) 227-1688
(617) 721-7690
MTD
Boca Raton Technical Serv
1000 NW 51st Street
Roca Raton, FL 33429
(407) 443-8350
(800) 426-2622
(407) 982-4288 Fax
Boca Research, Inc.
6413 Congress Avenue
Boca Raton, FL 33487
(407)997-6227
(407)997-0918
Boca Technology Group
21346 St Andrews Blvd
#219
Roca Raton, FL 33433
(407) 750-1528
(407) 750-8873 Fax
Brand Technology, Inc.
9559 Irwindale
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(818) 407-4040
PC
Calluna Technology
1792 Technology Drive
#241
San Jose, CA 95110
(408)453-4735
(408)453-0427 Fax
Canon U.S.A. Inc.
1 Canon Plaza
LakeSuccess, NY 11042
(516) 488-6700
PCRW
Cardwell Int'I. Corp.
110 Blue Ravine Road
Suite 156
Folsom, CA 95630
(916)985-1880
(916)985-1899 Fax

Catalyst Semiconductor
2231 Calle De Luna
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408)748-7700
(408)980-8209 Fax

CIM Engineering (USA)
1291 E Hillsdale Blvd.
Foster City, CA 94404
(415)578-9998
(415)578-0259 Fax

CBIS, Inc.
5875 Peachtree Industrial
Blvd #160
Norcross, GA 30092
(404) 446-1332
MCDPCCD

Cipher Data Products, Inc
10101 Old Grove Road
San Diego, CA 92138
(800) 424-7437
(619) 578-9100
MTDPCTDUTD

CD Technology, Inc.
780 Montaque Expwy
#407
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 432-8698
MCDPCCD

Cirrus Logic
3100 W Warren Avenue
Fremont, CA 94538
(510) 623-8300
(510) 226-2180 Fax

Centennial, Inc.
37 Manning Rd, Suite 1
Billerica, MA 01821
(508)670-0646
(508)670-9025 Fax
C Centennial
2 Centennial Drive
Peabody, MA 01960
(508)532-5908
(800)535-3668
(508)532-6275 Fax
Century Microelectronics
4800 Great America Pky
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408)748-7788
(408)748-8688 Fax
Chaplet Peripherals
252 North Wolfe Road
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408)732-7950
(408)732-6050 Fax
Chinon America, Inc.
660 Maple Ave.
Torrance, CA 90503
(800) 441-0222
(310) 533-0274
MCDPCCD
Chinook Technology
601 Main St. #635
Longmont, CO 80501
(800) 999-7034
(303) 678-5544

CMS Enhancements, Inc.
2722 Michelson
Irvine, CA 92715
(714) 222-6000
MPCMTDMWR
Colorado Memory Sys.
800 S. Taft Ave.
Loveland, CO 80537
(303) 669-8000
PCTD
Commstar, Inc.
6440 Flying Floud Drive
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
(612)473-4284
(612)473-4284 Fax
Complus
4151 Business Center Dr.
Fremont, CA 94538
(510)623-1000
(510)623-1004 Fax
Computer Age Inc.
9433 Georgia Avenue
Silverspring, MD 20910
(800)622-3384
(301)588-6565
M
Comp~ter Boards

125 High Street
Mansfield, MA 02048
(508)261-1123
(508)261-1094 Fax

'..,

284

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©

esc 1994

~

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Computer Peripherals
667 Rancho Conejo Blvd.
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 499-5751
(800) 854-7600

Data I, Inc.
2739 US North, Suite 213
Holiday, FL 34691
(800) 632-1536

ComTreeUSA
211 Perry Parkway #5
Gaitherburg, MD 20877
(301) 670-6166
(301) 670-6167 Fax

Databook, Inc.
112 Prospect Street
Babcock Hall
Ithaca, NY 14850
(716) 889-4204
(716) 889-2593 Fax

Conner Peripherals
3081 Zanker Rd.
San Jose, CA 95134-2128
(408) 456-4500
(408) 456-4501 Fax
MPC

Datalight
307 N Olympic Avenue
Suite 201
Arlington, WA 98223
(206) 435-8086
(206) 435-0253 Fax

Core International, Inc.
3605 Long Beach Blvd.
#233
Long Beach, CA 92646
(407) 997-6055
MPCPCTD

Data Race, Inc.
11550 IH 10 West
Suite 395
San Antonio, TX 78230
(210) 558-1900
(800) 749-7223
(210) 558-1929 Fax

Corporate Systems Center
(CSC)
DataTrek Corporation
1294 Hammerwood Ave.
4505 Wyland Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Elkhart, IN 46516
(408) 734-3475
(219) 522-8000
(408) 745-1816 Fax
(219) 522-0822 Fax
(800) PCMCIA7
MPCPCTD
Curtis, Inc.
418 W County Road D
Saint Paul, MN 55112
(612) 631-9512
(612) 631-9508 Fax
Cutting Edge
P.O. Box 1259
Evanston, WY 82930
(307) 789-0582
(307) 789-8519 Fax
M
Data I/O
10525 Willows Road NE
P.O.Box 97046
Redmond, WA 98073-9746
(206) 881-6444
(800) 332-8246

© CSC 1994

Deltaic Systems
1701 Junction Ct. #302B
San Jose, CA 95112
(800) 745-1240
(408) 441-1240
M PC MTD PCTD MWR
PCRW
Denon America, Inc.
222 New Road
Parsippany, NJ 07054
(201) 575-7810
MCDPCCD
Digital Equipment Corp.
40 Old Bolton Road
Stow, MA 01775
(800) 722-9332

Disk Technologies, Inc.
904 Railroad Ave.
Winter Park, FL 32789
(800) 553-0337
(407) 645-0001
MPC
DMA Technologies, Inc.
601 Pine Ave.
Goleta, CA 93117
(800) 223-9443
(805) 964-0733
MPCMRWPCRW
Dr. Neuhaus Engineering
1145 Pinehurst Drive
Aptos, CA 95003
(408) 685-0928
(408) 685-0928 Fax

EMC Corporation
171 South St.
Hopkinton MA 017489103
(800) 222-3622
(508) 435-1000
PC
Epson America, Inc.
20770 Madrona Avenue
Torrance, CA 90503
(310) 782-5341
(800) 289-3776
(310) 782-5320 Fax
Espert Co. Ltd
1630 Oakland Road, AI09
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 452-5771
PC

DTC (see Qume)
DuPont Connector Sys.
Barley Mill Plaza
P.O.Box 80019
Wilmington, DE 19880
(800) 237-4357
Ehman, Inc.
97 S. Red Willow Road
Evanston, WY 82930
(800) 257-1666
(307) 789-3830
M
Enhance Memory Products
18720 Oxnard Street
Tarzana, CA 91356
(818) 343-3066
(800) 343-0100
(818) 343-1436 Fax
Elco
Huntington Industrial Park
Huntington, PA 16652
(814) 643-0700
(800) 653-ELCO
(814) 643-0426 Fax
EMAC Division of Everex
48431 Milmont Dr.
Fremont, CA 94538
(800) 811-0806
(510) 683-2382
MTDPCTD

E Tech Research, Inc.
3525 Ryder Street
Santa Clara, CA 95051
(408) 730-1388
(408) 730-2488 Fax
EXP Computer
223 Michael Drive
Stosser, NY 11791
(516) 496-3703
(516) 496-2914 Fax
EXPMemory
12C Mauchly
Irvine, CA 92718
(714) 453-1020
(714) 453-1319 Fax
FarPoint Communications
104 East Avenue K4,
Suite F
Lancaster, CA 93535
(805) 726-4420
(805) 726-4438 Fax
FDK America, Inc.
3099 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 432-8331
(408) 435-7478 Fax

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Flexstar Technology
213 Hammond Avenue
Fremont, CA 94539
(510) 440-0170
(510) 440-0177 Fax
Focus Microsystems
1735 North First Street
Suite 307
San Jose, CA 95112
(408) 436-2336
(408) 436-2348 Fax
Foxconn International
930 W Maude Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 749-1228
(408) 749-1266 Fax
Fujitsu America, Inc.
3055 Orchard Dr.
San Jose, CA 95134
(800) 626-4686
(408) 432-1300
MPC
Fujitsu Microelectronics
3545 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134-1804
(408) 922-9202
(408) 432-9030 Fax
Fuji Electric Co.
2610B North 1st. Street
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 428-9100
PC
Future Domain
2801 McGaw Avenue
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 253-0400
FWB, Inc.
2040 Polk St. #215
San Francisco, CA 94109
(415) 474-8055
MPCMTDMRW
Gateway 2000
610 Gateway Drive
North Sioux City, SD
57049
(605) 232-2000
(800) 846-2000
(605) 232-2023 Fax

286

Hard Drive Bible

Gateway Communications
2941 Alton Avenue
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 553-1555
(800) 367-6555
(714) 553-1616 Fax

Hitachi America
2000 Sierra Point Pkwy
Research Triangle Park,
NC27709
(916) 543-0297
(196) 543-0159

Kyocera Unison, Inc.
1321 Harbor Bay Pkwy.
Alameda, CA 94501
(800) 367-7437
(510) 748-6680
PC

Globe Manufacturing, Inc.
1159 US Route 22
Mountainside, NJ 07092
(908) 232-7301
(800) 227-3258
(908) 232-4729 Fax

IBM Microelectronics
1000 River Street
Essex Junction, VT 05452
(802) 769-6774

La Cie, Ltd
19552 S.W. 90th Ct.
Tualatin, OR 97062
(800) 999-0143
(503) 646-3424

Greystone Peripherals
130-A Knowles Drive
Los Gatos, CA95030
(408) 866-4739
(408) 866-8238 Fax
GVC
376 Lafayette Road
Sparta, NJ 07871
(201) 579-3630
(201) 579-2702 Fax
Hayes Microcomputer
Products
P.O.Box 105203
Atlanta, GA 30348
(404) 441-1617
(404) 441-1213 Fax
HCo. Computer Products
17922 Skypark Circle
Suite F
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 833-3222
(800) 726-2477
(714) 833-3389 Fax
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Disk Memory Division
P. O. Box 39
Boise, ID 83707-0039
(208) 323-2332
(208) 323-3991 Fax
PC
Hirose Electric, Inc.
2688 Westhill Court
Simi Valley, CA 93065
(805) 522-7958
(805) 522-3217 Fax

IBM Personal Computer Co
Route 100
Somers, NY 10589
(800) 772-2227
(800) 426-4329 Fax
Integral Peripherals
5775 Flatiron Pkwy
Boulder, CO 80301
(303) 449-8009
(303) 449-8089 Fax
Intel Corporation
1900 Prairie City Road
Folsom, CA 95630
(916) 356-2746
(800) 879-4683
(916) 356-5033 Fax
Iomega Corp.
1821 W. 4000 South
Roy, DT 84067
(800) 234-0408
(801) 778-3398
MPCMRWPCRW
JAE Electroniccs, Inc.
142 Technology Drive
Building 100
Irvine, CA 92718-2401
(714) 753-2600
(714) 753-26999 Fax
Jasmine Technologies Inc.
1225 Elko Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(800) 347-3228
(408) 752-2900
M
Kingston Technology
17600 Newhope Street
Fountain Valley CA 92708
(714) 435-2699
(714) 534-2699 Fax

Laser Magnetic Storage
Int'l
4425 Arrows W. Dr.
Colorado Springs, CO
80907
(800) 777-5674
(719) 593-7900
MCD PCCD MRW PCRW
Liberty Systems
160 Saratoga Ave. #38
Santa Clara, CA 95051
(408) 983-1127
M PC MTD PCTD MRW
PCRW
Linksys
16811A Millikan Avenue
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 261-1288
(714) 261-8868 Fax
Literal Corporation
2180 Executive Circle
Colorado Springs, CO
80906
(719) 540-7883
MRWPCRW
Logic Modeling
19500 NW Gibbs Drive
P.O.Box310
Beaverton, OR 97075
(503) 690-6900
(800) 344-0004
(503) 690-6906 Fax
LSI Logic Corporation
Milpitas, CA
(408) 433-8000
(408) 434-6457 Fax

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

MSystems
200 Broadhollow Road
Suite 207
Melville, NY 11747
(516) 424-4545
(516) 424-4546
MagicRAM, Inc.
1850 Beverly Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90057
(213) 413-9999
(213) 413-0828 Fax
Mass Microsystems
810 W. Maude Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(800) 522-7979
(408) 522-1200
MTD MRW
Maxell Corp of America
22-08 Route 208
Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
(201) 794-8382
(201) 794-3274 Fax
Maxim Integrated Products
120 San Grabriel Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 737-7600
Maxtor Corporation
211 River Oaks Pkwy
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 432-1700
(800) 2-MAXTOR
(408) 432-4510 Fax
MPC
MDB Systems, Inc.
1110 W. Taft Ave.
P.O. Box 5508
Orange, CA 92613-5508
(800) 556-0222
(714) 998-6900
MPCMTDPCTD
Mega Drive Systems
1900 Ave of the Stars 2870
Los Angeles, CA 90067
(800) 322-4744
(310) 556-1663
MPC

© CSC 1994

Megahertz Corporation
4505 S Wasatch Blvd
Salt Lake City, UT 84124
(801) 272-6000
(801) 272-6077 Fax
Memorex Computer
Supplies
1200 Memorex Drive
Santa Clara, CA 95050
(408) 957-0104
(408) 957-1145 Fax
Memory Card Assoc.
1600 Wyatt Drive, Suite 9
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408) 732-2550
(408) 970-8422 Fax
Methode Electronics, Inc.
6446 W Wilson Avenue
Chicago, IL 60656
(708) 867-9600
(800) 323-6858
(708) 867-0435 Fax
Micrel Semiconductor
560 Oakmead Parkway
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 245-2500
(408) 245-4175 Fax
Microscience Int'l Corp.
90 Headquarters Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 433-9898
(408) 954-0989
PC
Ministor Peripherals Corp
2801 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 943-0165
(408) 434- 0784 Fax
Mitsubishi Electronics
1050 E Arques Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 746-0911
(408) 746-0915 Fax
Molex, Inc.
2222 Wellington Court
Lisle, IL 60521
(708) 969-4550
(708) 969-1352 Fax

Morton Management, Inc.
12079 Tech Road
Silver Spring, MD 20904
(800) 548-5744
(301) 622-5600
PC PCTD PCCD PCRW
Motorola NewsCard
1500 NW 22nd Avenue
Boynton Beach, FL 33426
(407) 364-3160
(800) 542-7882
Motorola UDS
5000 Bradford Drive
Huntsville, AL 35805-1993
(205) 430-8000
(800) 451-2369
(205) 830-5657 Fac
MSD3
365 Woodview Avenue
Suite 700
Morgan Hill, CA 95037
(408) 778-7267
(408) 778-7267 Fax
Mountain Network
Solutions
240 E. Hacienda Ave.
Campbell, CA 95008
(800) 458-0300
(408) 379-4300
PCTD
Multimedia Systems
division of Hitachi
401 W. Artesia Blvd.
Compton, CA 90220
(800) 369-0422
(310) 537-8383
MCDPCCD
Multitech Design & Test
3171 Jay Street
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408) 970-8700
(408) 980-0451 Fax
Multitech Systems
2205 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
(612) 785-3500
(800) 328-9717
(612) 785-9874 Fax

National Instruments
6504 Bridge Point Pkwy
Austin, TX 78730-5039
(512) 794-0100
(512) 794-8411
National Semiconductor
2900 Semiconductor Drive
P.O.Box 58090
Santa Clara, CA 95052
(800) 272-9959
(800) 428-0065 Fax
NDC Communications
2180 Bering Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 428-9108
(408) 428-9109 Fax
NEC Profession Systems
Div.
1255 Michael Dr.
Wood Dale, IL 60191
(800) 366-3632
(708) 860-9500
MCDPCCD
NEC Technologies
1414 Machachusetts Ave
Boxborough, MA 01719
(800) 388-8888
New Media Corporation
15375 Barranca BIOI
Irvine, CA 92718
(714) 453-0550
(800) 453-0550
(714) 453- 0114 Fax
Novacor, Inc.
1841 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95112
(408) 441-6500
(408) 441-6811 Fax
Ocean Microsystems, Inc.
246 E. Hacienda Ave.
Campbell, CA 95008
(408) 374-8300
MPCMRWPCRW
Oki Semiconductor
785 North Mary Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 737-6372
(408) 720-1918 Fax

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Olson Computer Products
1903 North Austin Street
Seguin, TX 78155
(210) 379-7000
(210) 379-4921 Fax

Phonix Technologies
846 University Avenue
Norwood, MA 02062
(617) 551-4000
(617) 551-3750 Fax

Proxim
295 N Bernardo Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
(415) 960-1630
(415) 964-5181 Fax

Optima Technology Corp.
17526 Van Karman
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 476-0515
(714) 476-0613 FAX
M PC MID PCTD MRW
PCRW

Piceon
1996 Lundy Avenue
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 432-8030
(800) 366-2983
(408) 943-1309 Fax

QLogic
3545 Harbor Blvd.
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(800) TOP-SCSI

Orca Technology, Corp.
1751 Fox Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 441-1111
(408) 441-1102 Fax
Pacific Magtron, Inc.
568-8 Weddell Dr.
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(800) 828-2822
(408) 744-1188
MPC
Panasonic Industrial Co.
2 Panasonic Way, B7C7
Secaucus, NJ 07094
(201) 348-5272
(800) 848-3979
(201) 392-6361 Fax
PCs Computer Products
1350 Ridder Park Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 441-6174
(408) 453-7667 Fax
Pen National, Inc.
2351 South 2300 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84119
(801) 973-6090
(800) 8PCMCIA
(801) 973-4550 Fax
Personal Computer
Peripherals Corp. (PCPC)
4710 Eisenhower Blvd.
Bldg. A-4
Tampa, FL 33634
(800) 622-2888
(813) 884-3092
MTD

288

Hard Drive Bible

Pioneer Communications
of America, Inc.
600E. Crescent Ave.
Upper Saddle River, NJ
07458
(201) 327-6400
MCDPCCD
Practical Peripherals
375 Conejo Ridge Avenue
Thousands Oaks, CA
91361
(805) 497-4774
(805) 374-7200 Fax
Precision Plastics
340 Roebling Road
South San Francisco, CA
94080
(415) 588-4450
(415) 5888-5336 Fax
PreMax Electronics
17702 Mitchell North,
Suite 100
Irvine, CA 92714
(714) 851-8242
(714) 851-8249 Fax
Prima International
3350 Scott Blvd., Bldg. 7
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408z0 727-2600
(408) 727-2435 Fax
Procom Technology, Inc.
200 McCormick Ave.
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(714) 549-9449
M PC MTD PCTD MCD
PCCD MRW PCRW

Qume/DTC
500 Yosemite Drive
Milpitas, CA 05035
(408) 262-7700
PCC
R&D Micro, Inc.
23392-A Madero Road
Mission Viejo, CA 92691
(714) 830-1387
(714) 951-5422 Fax
Robinson Nugent
P.O.Box 1208
New Albany IN 48151
(812) 945-0564
(812) 845-0804 Fax
Rockwell International
4311 Jamboree Road
Newport Beach, CA 92658
(714) 833-6849
(714) 833-6375 Fax
Rodime Systems
7700 W. Camino Real
Boca Raton, FL 33433
(407) 994-5585
MPC
Rohm Corporation
3034 Owen Drive
Antioch, TN 37013
(615) 641-2020
(615) 641-2022 Fax
Samsung Electronics, Ltd.
3725 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
(408) 954-7000
(800) 423- 7364
(408) 954-7870 Fax

Seagate Technology
920 Disc Drive
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
(408) 438-655(408) 4386356 Fax
MPC
Sharp Electronics
Sharp Plaza
Mahwah, NJ 07430
(201) 529-9457
(201) 529-9117 Fax
Sierra Semiconductor
2075 N Capitol Avenue
San Jose, CA 95132
(408)263-9300
Silicon Storage Technology
1208 Apollo Way Suite 502
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 735-9110
(408) 735-9036 Fax
Silicon Systems
14351 Myford Road
Tustin, CA 92680
(714) 573-6200
(714) 573-6906 Fax
Siliconix
2201 Laurelwood Road
P.O.Box 54951
Santa Clara, CA 95056
(408) 988-8000
(800) 554-5565
(408) 727-5414 Fax
Simple Technology, Inc.
1801 E Edinger Ave #255
Santa Ana, CA 92705
(714) 558-1120
(800) 367-7330
(714) 558-0997 Fax
Socket Communications
2501 Technology Drive
Hayward, CA 94545
(510) 670-0300
(510) 670-0333 Fax
Solectek
6370 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
(800) 437-1518

© CSC 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Sony Computer
Peripheral Products Co.
655 River Oaks Pkwy.
San Jose, CA 95134
(800) 222-0878
(408) 432-0190
MCD

Synova Systems
1735 N First St., Suite 307
San Jose, CA 95112
(408) 436-2336
(408) 436-2348 Fax

Texas Instruments
12203 SW Freeway
Staffold, TX 77477
(713) 274-3361
Toddco General, Inc.
7888 Silverton Avenue
Suite A
San Diego, CA 92126
(619) 549-9229
(619) 549-2162 Fax

Sony Corporation
2 Van Riper Road
Montvale, NJ 07645
(201) 476-8199
(201) 476-8155 Fax

SyQuest Technology, Inc.
47071 Bayside Pkwy.
Fremont, CA 94538
(510) 226-4000
(800) 245-2278
(510) 226-4102 Fax
MTD

STB Systems, Inc.
1651N. Glenville, #210
Richardson, TX 75081
(214) 234-8750
PCTD

SystemSoft Corporation
313 Speen Street
Natick, MA 01760
(508) 651-0088
(508) 651-8188 Fax

Toshiba America
Information Systems, Inc.
9740 Irvine Blvd.
Irvine, CA 92718
(800) 456-3475
(714) 583-3000
MCDPCCD

Stocko Connectors
P.O.Box 187
495 Industrial "Road
Carlstadt, NJ 07072
(201) 933-4452
(201) 933-4522 Fax

TDK Systems Dev Center
117 New Mohawk Road
Nevada City, CA 95959
(916) 265-5395
(916) 478-8390 Fax

TRENDware International
2421 W 205th St., D-102
Torrance, CA 90501
(310) 328-7795
(310) 328-7798 Fax

Teac America, Inc.
7733 Telegraph Road
Montebello, CA 90640
(213) 726-0303
PCPCTD

Tulin Corporation
2156H O'Toole Ave.
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 432-9025
(408) 943-0782 FAX
MPC

Storage Plus Inc.
dba Sumo Systems
1580 Old Oakland Rd.
Suite. CI03
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 453-5744
MCD
SunDisk Corporation
3270 Jay Street
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(408) 562-0500
(408) 980-8607 Fax
Supra Corporation
P.O.Box 7101
Albany, OR 97321-8000
(503) 967-2410
(800) 727-8772
(503) 967-2401 Fax
SyDOS, Div. of SyQuest
6501 Park of Commerce
Blvd.
Suite 110
Boca Raton, FL 33487
(407) 998-5400
PCTD

© CSC 1994

Tecmar, Inc.
6225 Cochran Rd.
Solon, OH 44139
(800) 624-8560
(216) 349-0600
MTD PCTD MRW PCRW

US Robotics
8100 N McCormick Blvd.
Skokie, IL 60076-2999
(800) DIAL-USR
(708) 982-5235 Fax

Teka Interconnection Sys.
45 Salem Street
Providence, RI 02907-2888
(401) 785-4110
(401) 461-2310 Fax

Vadem
1885 Lundy Avenue #201
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 943-9301
(408) 943-9735 Fax

Telecomputer, Inc.
15026 Moran Street
Westminister, CA 92683
(714) 894-8954
(714) 891-8364 Fax

Ventura Micro, Inc.
200 South A Street Ste 208
Oxnard, CA 93030-5717
(805) 486-6686
(805) 486-3343 Fax

Telenetics
26772 Vista Terrace Drive
Lake Forest, CA 92630
(714) 455-4000

VLSI Technology, Inc.
1109 McKay Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
(408) 434-3100

Western Digital
8105 Irvine Center Drive
Irvine, CA 92718
(714) 932-5000
(800) 847-6181
(714) 863-1656 Fax
PC
WindSoft, Inc. 66 Ford
Road
Denville, NJ 07834
(201) 586-4400
(201) 586-9045 Fax
Xircom
26025 Mureau Road
Calabasas, CA 91302
(818) 878-7600
(818) 878-7630 Fax
XXCAL, Inc.
11500 W Olympic Blvd
#325
Los Angeles, CA 90064
(310) 477-2902
(310) 477-7127 Fax
Xyxis Corporation
1821 W. 4000 South
Roy, UT 84067
(800) 234-0408
(801) 778-3398
Zenith Data Systems
2150 E Lake Cook Road
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
(708) 808-5000
(800) 553-0331
(708) 808-4434 Fax
ZIA
2830 N First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
(800) 722- CHIP
Zeos International
1301 Industrial Blvd.
Minneapolis, MN 55413
(800) 554-7172
Zilog
210 E Hacienda Avenue
Campbell, CA 95008-6600
(408) 370-8000
(408) 370-8056 Fax

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290

Hard Drive Bible

© CSC 1\994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Software
The software included with the Hard Drive Bible is
a collection of utilities that we have found useful. This
software is copyrighted by the various authors of the
programs and provided through the courtesy of the authors. Some ofthese programs are referred to as Shareware,
which is a means of distributing programs for evaluation
before paying for them. All of the programs have their
own documentation and indicate whether a fee is required after an evaluation period. These programs are
installed on the diskettes in "Zipped" format. This is a
process which compresses the data so that more files can
be placed on the diskette. Before using the files they must
be Unzipped or decompressed. To unzip the files, use the
PKUNZIPprogram provided on the disk. PKUNZIP.EXE
is provided by PKWare, Inc. and is used by typing the
following:
PKUNZIP 
Note: The zipped files are compressed as much as
75%. There must be enough room on the diskette or hard
drive directory to accommodate the unzipped files. The
best way to accomplish this is to copy the zipped file and
PKUNZIP.EXE to a directory or a blank diskette before
unzipping it.

DISCLAIMER
CSC, DTC, Maxtor Corporation and Seagate Technology expressly disclaim any liability which may arise
from the use ofthe software included with the Hard Drive
Bible. To the best of our knowledge, this software is
workable and free of major bugs, but no guarantee of
performance or fitness for any particular application is
made. This software is provided free of charge, but may
not be duplicated without consent as listed below.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
These programs are copyrighted by their respective
authors and may not be reproduced in any form without
prior written consent. The software enclosed is protected
by US copyright law. Additional copyright and disclaimer notices may be contained on the diskettes.

© CSC 1994

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System Notes
Use the following pages to enter data pertaining to your system This information may be required if you need
to call a dealer for technical assistance or you have a system failure.

Computer
Make:
Model:
Serial No.:

Extended Floppy #1
Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:

Monitor
Extended Floppy #2
Make:
Model:
Serial No.:

System BIOS
Make:
Version:

Motherboard
Make:
Model:
Serial No.:
Bus Speed:
Wait States:
Memory Installed:

Floppy Drive A
Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:

Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:

Hard Drive #1
Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:
Heads:
Cylinders:
Sectors per Track:

Hard Drive #2
Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:
Heads:
Cylinders:
Sectors per Track:

Floppy Drive B
Tape Backup
Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:

©

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Make:
Model:
Capacity:
Serial No.:
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You may use the spaces below to paste a printout of your AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files.

AUTOEXEC.BAT

CONFIG.SYS

Software
Program:

_

Version:

_

Serial No.:

_

Program:

Version:
Serial No.:

_

_
_
_

Program:

_

Version:
Serial No.:

_
_

Program:

_

Version:
Serial No.:

_
_

Version:
Serial No.:

_

Program:
Version:
Serial No.:

_
_
_

Program:

_

Version:
Serial No.:

_

Program:

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Program:
Version:
Serial No.:

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_

_

_

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Glossary
ACCESS
The process of obtaining data from, or transferring data
to a storage device, register, or RAM. (Le. accessing a memory
location).

module, Le., if one memory module contains odd-numbered
address and another even-numbered address, they can both be
accessed simultaneously for storage. If the interleave is adjustable, the user may select which ranges or areas are to be
accessed each time.

ACCESS TIME
Time required to perform an ACCESS. Usages, Le.: 1)
seek to location on a disk, 2) amount of time to read or write
to a memory location, 3) the time to position to the correct
location in a disk drive. Access time is often defined as the time
from the leading edge of the first step pulse received to SEEK
COMPLETE (including settling). The additional time required before a read or write is referred to as "latency". A more
realistic definition of total access time is the sum of SEEK,
LATENCY, and SETTLING times.

ANSI

ACTUATOR

AREAL DENSITY

See also HEAD POSITIONER
The two basic types of actuators are steppers and voice
coils. Open-loop steppers are obsolete, except in floppy disks
because they cannot achieve positioning accuracy and speed as
high as closed-loop voice coil systems. For more information
on actuators, see the Basic Drive Operation section.

Bit density (bits per inch, or BPI) multiplied by track
density (tracks per inch, or TPI), or bits per square inch of the
disk surface. Bit density is measured around a track (circumference around on the disk), and track density is radially
measured.

American National Standards Institute

APPLICATION PROGRAM
A sequence of programmed instructions that tell the
computer how to perform an end use task (Le. accounting,
word processing or other work for the computer system user).
Touseaprogram,itmustfirstbeloadedintoMAINMEMORY
from a floppy diskette or hard disk.

ASCII
ADDRESS (physical)
A specific location in memory where a byte, or other unit
of data like a disk sector is stored. Each area on a disk is given
a unique address consisting of three components: cylinder
number, sector number, and head number. CYLINDER ADDRESSING is accomplished by assigning numbers to the
disk's surface concentric circles (cylinders). The cylinder
number specifies the radial address component ofthe data area.
SECTOR ADDRESSING is accomplished by numbering the
data records (sectors) from an index that defines the reference
angular position of the disks. Index records are then counted
by reading their ADDRESS MARKS.
HEAD
ADDRESSING is accomplished by vertically numbering the
disk surfaces, usually starting with the bottom-most disk data
surface. For example, the controller might send the binary
equivalent of the decimal number 610150 to instruct the drive
to access data at cylinder 610, sector 15, and head O.

ADDRESS MARK
Two byte address at the beginning of both the ID field
and the data field of the track format. The first byte is the "A 1"
data pattern, the second byte is used to specify either an ID field
or a data field.

ADJUSTABLE INTERLEAVE
Interleaving permits access to more than one memory
© CSC 1994

American Standard for Coded Information Interchange.

ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASYNCHRONOUS DATA
Data sent usually in parallel mode without a clock pulse.
Time intervals between transmitted bits may be of unequal
lengths.

AT INTERFACE
Disk drive interface on the IBM PC-AT computer and
compatibles, sometimes called the IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics interface.

AUTOMATIC BACK UP OF FILES
This gives a user the security to make changes to a file
without worrying about accidentally destroying it; there is
always another copy. One weakness of this method is that files
take up twice the room on a disk.

AUXILIARY MEMORY
Memory other than main memory; generally a mass
storage subsystem, it can include disk drives, backup tape
drives, controllers and buffer memory. Typically, AUXILIARY MEMORY is non-volatile.
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICE

BIT

Devices, generally magnetic tape and magnetic disk, on
which data can be stored for use by computer programs. Also
known as secondary storage.

The smallest unit ofdata. Consists ofa single binary digit
that can take the value of 0 or 1.

BIT CELL LENGTH
AVERAGE ACCESS TIME
The average track access time, calculated from the end
of the CONTROLLER commands to access a drive, to drive
Seek complete time averaged over all possible track locations
at the start of ACCESS, and over all possible data track
ADDRESSES. Typically, the minimum average access time
including carriage settling for open loop actuators is less than
85 ms and for voice coil disk drives is less than 40 ms. As
technology improves these times will continue to decrease.

AZIMUTH
The angular distance in the horizontal plane, usually
measured as an angle from true track location.

Physical dimension of the bit cell in direction of recording along the disk circumference of a track.

BIT CELL TIME
The time required to pass one bit ofinformation between
the controller and the drive. Cell time is the inverse of the
drive's data rate; nominally 200 nsec for 5 Mhz drives.

BIT DENSITY
Expressed as "BPI" (for bits per inch), bit density defines
how many bits can be written onto one inch of a track on a disk
surface. It is usually specified for "worst case", which is the
inner track. Data is the densest in the inner tracks where track
circumferences are the smallest.

BACKUP DEVICE
Disc or tape drive used with a fixed Winchester disk
drive to make copies of files or other data for off line storage,
distribution or protection against accidental data deletion from
the Winchester drive, or against drive failure.

BIT JITTER
The time difference between the leading edge ofread and
the center of the data window. A source of errors in hard disks.
Bit Jitter is caused by spindle speed variations, electrical noise,
and mechanical vibrations.

BACKUP FILE
File copies made on another removable media device
(disk, tape or sometimes a remote hard disk system) and kept
to ensure recovery of data lost due to equipment failure, human
errors, updates, disasters and the like.

BIT SHIFT
A data recording effect, which results when adjacent 1's
written on magnetic disks repel each other. The "worst case"
is at the inner cylinder where bits are closest together. BIT
SHIFT is also called pulse crowding.

BAUD RATE
A variable unit of data transmission speed equal to one
bit per second.

BCAI
Byte Count After Index. Used in defect mapping to
indicate the position of defects with relation to index.

BLOCK
A group of BYTES handled, stored and accessed as a
logical data unit, such as an individual file record. Typically,
one block of data is stored as one physical sector of data on a
disk drive. Normally a 512 byte sector in most SCSI devices.

BOOT

BOOS
The Basic Disk Operating System (BDOS) controls the
organization of data on a disk. BDOS is usually pronounced
"B-DOS".

BI-DIRECTIONAL BUS
A bus that may carry information in either direction but
not in both simultaneously Le. the SCSI data bus.

(Short for bootstrap). Transfer of a disk operating
system program from storage on diskette or hard disk drive to
computer's working memory.

BUFFER
A temporary data storage area that compensates for a
difference in data transfer rates and/or data processing rates
between sender and receiver.

BINARY
A number system like the decimal numbers, but using 2
as its base and having only the two digits 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
It is used in computers because digital logic can only determine
one of two states - "OFF" and "ON." Digital data is equivalent
to a binary number.

BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
A collection of information (firmware) that controls
communication between the Central Processor and its peripherals.
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BUFFERED SEEK
A feature of the ST412 INTERFACE. In buffered mode
head motion is postponed until a string of step pulses can be
sent to the drive. These pulses represent the number of tracks
that the head is to be stepped over and are sent much faster than
the heads can move. The pulses are saved or buffered then the
optimum head movement to the correct track is performed.

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BUS

CLOSED LOOP

A length of parallel conductors that forms a major
interconnection route between the computer system CPU and
its peripheral subsystems. Depending on its design, a bus may
carry data to and from peripheral's addresses, power, and other
related signals.

A control system consisting of one or more feedback
control loops in which functions of the controlled signals are
combined with functions of the command to maintain prescribed relationships between the commands and the controlled signals. This control technique allows the head actuator
system to detect and correct off-track errors. The actual head
position is monitored and compared to the ideal track position,
by reference information either recorded on a dedicated servo
surface, or embedded in the inter-sector gaps. A position error
is used to produce a correction signal (FEEDBACK) to the
actuator to correct the error. See TRACK FOLLOWING
SERVO.

BYTE
A sequence of adjacent BINARY digits or BITS considered as a unit, 8 bits in length. One byte is sufficient to define
all the alphanumeric characters. There are 8 BITS in 1 BYTE.
The storage capacity of a disk drive is commonly measured in
MEGABYTES, which is the total number of bits storable,
divided by eight million.

CLUSTER SIZE
CACHE MEMORY
Cache Memory allows the system to load bytes of
frequently used data from the hard disk to memory. The system
may then refer to memory for information instead of going
back to the hard disk, thereby increasing the processing speed.

An operating system term describing the number of
sectors that the operating system allocates each time disk space
is needed. A cluster is the standard group of data which is
accessed by the operating system. DOS cluster sizes increase
with drive capacity.

CAPACITY

CODE

Amount of memory (measured in megabytes) which can
be stored in a disk drive. Usually given as formatted (see
FORMAT OPERATION).

A set of rules specifying the way which digital data is
represented as magnetized bits, on a disk drive. The main
objectives of coding are to pack the maximum number of
binary bits in the smallest space on the disk. MFM and RLL
are coding techniques.

CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY
Assembly which holds read/write heads and roller bearings. It is used to position the heads radially by the actuator, in
order to access a track of data.

CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU)
The heart of the computer system that executes programmed instructions. It includes the arithmetic logic unit
(ALU) for performing all math and logic operations, a control
section for interpreting and executing instructions, fast main
memory for temporary (VOLATILE) storage ofan application
program and its data.

CHARACTER
An information symbol used to denote a number, letter,
symbol or punctuation mark stored by a computer. In a computer a character can be represented in one (1) byte or eight (8)
bits of data. There are 256 different one-byte binary numbers,
sufficient for 26 lower case alphas, 26 upper case alphas, 10
decimal digits, control codes and error checks.

CHIP
An integrated circuit fabricated on a chip of silicon or
other semiconductor material, typically an integrated circuit, a
microprocessor, memory device, or a digital logic device.

COERCIVITY
A measurement in units of orsteads of the minimum
amount of magnetic energy required to cause a reversal in the
magnetic dipole moments of a recording media.

COMMAND
1) An instruction sent by the central processor unit
(CPU) to a controller for execution. 2) English-like commands entered by users to select computer programs or functions. 3) A CPU command, which is a single instruction such
as "add two binary numbers" or "output a byte to the display
screen."

CONSOLE (also called CRT or Terminal)
A device from which a computer can be operated; often
includes a monitor and keyboard.

CONTROLLER
A controller is a printed circuit board required to interpret data access commands from host computer (via a BUS),
and send track seeking, read/write, and other control signals to
a disk drive. The computer is free to perform other tasks until
the controller signals DATA READY for transfer via the CPU
BUS.

CLOCK RATE
The rate at which bits or words are transferred between
internal elements of a computer or to another computer.

© CSC 1994

CORE
Originally a computer's main memory was made of
ferrite rings (CORES) that could be magnetized to contain one
or two bits ofdata each. CORE MEMORY is synonymous with
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MAIN MEMORY. Main memory today is fabricated from
CHIPS, usually DRAM.

CRASH
A malfunction in the computer hardware or software,
usually causing loss of data.

track. Remember that each track starts with an index pulse and
each sector starts with an address mark. VERTICAL: assume
a disk pack with six surfaces, each with its own read/write
head, vertical addressing is accomplished by assigning the
numbers 00 through XX to the heads, in consecutive order. By
specifying the head number, the controller specifies the vertical address component of the data area.

CYCLIC-REDUNDANCY-CHECK (CRC)
Used to verify data block integrity. In a typical scheme,
Two CRC bytes are added to each user data block. The two
bytes are computed from the user data, by digital logical chips.
The mathematical model is polynomials with binary coefficients. When reading back data, the CRC bytes are read and
compared to new CRC bytes computed from the read back
block to detect a read error. The read back error check process
is mathematically equivalent to dividing the read block, including its CRC, by a binomial polynomial. If the division
remainder is zero, the data is error free.

DATA BASE
An organized collection of data stored in DISK FILES,
often shared by multiple users., Le., the Official Airline Guide,
which contains up-to-date schedules for all airlines.

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
Application program used to manage, access and update
files in a data base.

DATA ENCODING
To use a code such as GCR, MFM, RLL, NZR, etc. to
represent characters for memory storage.

CYLINDER
The cylindrical surface formed by identical track numbers on vertically stacked disks. In a drive with dedicated
servo, at any location of the head positioning arm, all tracks
under all heads are the cylinder. Cylinder number is one of the
three address components required to find a specific ADDRESS, the other two being head number and sector number.

DATA FIELD
The portion of a sector used to store the user' s DIGITAL
data. Other fields in each sector include ID, SYNC and CRC
which are used to locate the correct data field.

DATA SEPARATOR
DAISY CHAIN
A way of connecting multiple drives to one controller.
The controller drive select signal is routed serially through the
drives, and is intercepted by the drive whose number matches.
The disk drives have switches orjumpers on them which allow
the user to select the drive number desired.

Controller circuitry takes the CODED playback pulses
and uses the timing information added by the CODE during the
write process to reconstruct the original user data record. See
NRZ, MFM, and RLL.

DATA TRACK

DATA

Any of the circular tracks magnetized by the recording
head during data storage.

Information processed by a computer, stored in memory,
or fed into a computer.

DATA TRANSFER RATE (DTR)

DATA ACCESS
When the controller has specified all three components
of the sector address to the drive, the ID field of the sector
brought under the head by the drive is read and compared with
the address of the target sector. A match enables access to the
data field of the sector.

Speed at which bits are sent: In a disk storage system, the
communication is between CPU and controller, plus controller
and the disk drive. Typical units are bits per second (BPS), or
bytes per second, Le., ST506/412 INTERFACE allows 5
Mbits/sec. transfer rate, and WIDE SCSI supports a 20MBytei
sec (160Mbitlsec) transfer rate.

DECREASE THE FLYING HEIGHT
DATA ADDRESS
To return to the same area on the disk, each area is given
a unique address consisting of the three components: cylinder,
head and sector numbers. HORIZONTAL: accomplished by
assigning numbers to the concentric circles (cyHnders) mapped
out by the heads as the positioning arm is stepped radially
across the surface, starting with 0 for the outermost circle. By
specifying the cylinder number the controller specifies a horizontal or radial address component of the data area. ROTATIONAL: once a head and cylinder have been addressed, the
desired sector around the selected track of the selected surface
is found by counting address marks from the index pulse of the
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Since the head core is closer to the media surface, the
lines of flux magnetize a smaller area. Thus, more bits can be
recorded in a given distance, and higher BPI (bits per inch) is
achievable.

DEDICATED SERVO SYSTEM
A complete disk surface is dedicated for servo data. This
technique offers quicker access times, but less accuracy as it
does not provide a method to compensate for thermal warpage
of the head stack assembly.

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DEFAULT

DOS (Disc Operating System)

A particular value of a variable which is used by a
computer unless specifically changed, usually via an entry
made through a software program.

A computer program which runs continuously and mediates between the computer user and the application program
and allows access to the disk data by disk file names.

DENSITY

DRIVE

Generally, bit recording density. SEE AREAL, BIT and
STORAGE DENSITY.

A computer memory device with moving storage MEDIA (disk or tape).

DIGITAL

DRIVE SELECT

Any system that processes digital binary signals having
only the values of a 1 or O. An example of a non-digital signal
is an analog signal which continuously varies, i.e., TV or audio.

An ADDRESS component that selects among a string of
drives attached to a disk controller. In the ST 506/412 interface
standard, a drive's select code is physically set in the drive to
a value between 0 and 3. When the controller activates one of
the four drive select code lines in the J 1cable, the selected drive
is enabled to respond to access commands from the controller.

DIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDING
See MAGNETIC RECORDING

DIRECT ACCESS

DRIVE TYPE

Generally refers to an AUXILIARY MEMORY device,
having all data on-line. I.E., a tape drive without a tape
mounted is not direct access, but a WINCHESTER DRIVE is
direct access.

A number representing a standard configuration ofphysical parameters (cylinders, heads, and sectors) of a particular
type ofdisk drive. Each AT system BIOS contains a list ofdrive
types that the system considers "Standard Types". These types
are not necessarily the same from one BIOS to the next. That
is, drive type 25 on one BIOS may represent a drive that has 615
cylinders, 4 data heads, and 17 sectors per track, while type 25
on another BIOS could be totally different.

DIRECTORY
A special disk storage area (usually cylinder zero) that is
read by a computer operating system to determine the ADDRESSES of the data records that form a DISK FILE.

DROP-IN/DROP-OUT
DISK FILE
A file of user data, i.e. the company employee list, with
all names and information. The data in the file is stored in a set
of disk SECTORS (records).

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)
A computer program which continuously runs and mediates between the computer user and the APPLICATION
PROGRAM, and allows access to disk data by DISK FILE
names.

DISK PACK
A number of metal disks packaged in a canister for
removal from the disk drive. WINCHESTER DRIVES do not
have disk packs.

DISK PLATTER
For rigid disks, a flat, circular aluminum disk substrate,
coated on both sides with a magnetic substance (iron oxide or
thin film metal media) for oon-VOLATILE data storage. The
substrate may consist of metal, plastic, or even glass. Surfaces
of disks are usually lubricated to minimize wear during drive
start-up or power down.

DISK STORAGE
Auxiliary memory system containing disk drives.

DISKETTE
A floppy disk. A plastic (mylar) substrate, coated with
magnetic iron oxide, enclosed in a protective jacket.
© CSC 1994

Types of disk media defects usually caused by a pin-hole
in the disk coating. If the coating is interrupted, the magnetic
flux between medium and head is zero. A large interruption
will induce two extraneous pulses, one at the beginning and
one at the end of the pin-hole (2 DROP-INs). A small coating
interruption will result in no playback from a recorded bit (a
DROP-OUT).

DRUM
An early form of rotating magnetic storage, utilizing a
rotating cylindrical drum and a multiplicity of heads (one per
track). Discs stack more compactly than drums.

ECC (Error Correction Code)
The ECC hardware in the controller used to interface the
drive to the system can typically correct a single burst error of
11 bits or less. This maximum error burst correction length is
function of the controller. With some controllers the user is
allowed to the select this length. The most common selection
is 11.

ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE (ESO)
An integrated circuit (CHIP) failure mechanism. Since
the circuitry of CHIPs are microscopic in size, they can be
damaged or destroyed by small static discharges. People handling electronic equipment should always ground themselves
before touching the equipment. Electronic equipment should
always be handled by the chassis or frame. Components,
printed circuit board edge connectors should never be touched.
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EMBEDDED SERVO SYSTEM

FIXED DISK

Servo data is embedded or superimposed along with data
on every cylinder.

A disk drive with disks that cannot be removed from the
drive by the user, Le., WINCHESTER DISK DRIVE.

ERASE

FLOPPY DISK

To remove previously recorded data from magnetic
storage media.

A flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic media and
packaged in a stiff envelope. Comes in 8-inch, 5-1/4-inch, and
various sub-4 inch sizes. FLOPPY DISKS generally exhibit
slow ACCESS TIME and smaller CAPACITY compared to
WINCHESTER DRIVES, but feature removable diskettes.

ERROR
See HARD ERROR and SOFf ERROR.

ESDI (Enhanced Small Device Interface)
A set of specifications for the drives. See also SCSI.

FLUX CHANGE
Location on the data track, where the direction of magnetization reverses in order to define a 1 or 0 bit.

EXECUTE
To perform a data processing operation described by an
instruction or a program in a computer.

FLUX CHANGES PER INCH (FCI)
Linear recording density defined as the number of flux
changes per inch of data track.

FCI (Flux Changes per Inch)
FM

Synonymous with FRPI (flux reversals per inch). In
MFM recording 1 FCI equals 1 BPI (bit per inch). In 'RLL
encoding schemes, 1 FCI generally equals 1.5 BPI.

Frequency modulation CODE scheme, superseded by
MFM, which is being superseded by RLL.

FEEDBACK

FORMAT

A closed-loop control system, using the head-to-track
positioning signal (from the servo head) to modify the HEAD
POSITIONER signal (to correctly position the head on the
track).

FETCH

The purpose of a format is to record "header" data that
organize the tracks into sequential sectors on the disk surfaces.
This information is never altered during normal read/write
operations. Header information identifies the sector number
and also contains the head and cylinder ADDRESS in order to
detect an ADDRESS ACCESS error.

A CPU read operation from MAIN MEMORY and its
related data transfer operations.

FORMATTED CAPACITY

Storage units grouped together to make a record are
considered to be a field; i.e., a record might be a company's
address; a field in the record might be the company's ZIP code.

Actual capacity available to store user data. The formatted capacity is the gross capacity, less the capacity taken up by
the overhead data used in formatting the disks. While the
unformatted size may be 24 M bytes, only 20 M bytes of
storage may actually be available to the user after formatting.

FILE (See DISK FILE)

FPI (flux changes per inch), also FRPI

FIELDS

The number of Flux Reversals per inch.

A file consists ofa group oflogically related records that,
in tum, are made up of groups of logically related fields.

FRICTION
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)
What the operating systems uses to keep track of which
clusters are allocated to which files and which are available for
use. FAT is usually stored on Track-O.

Resistance to relative motion between two bodies in
contact; i.e., there is sliding friction between head and disk
during drive power up/down.

FULL HEIGHT DRIVE
FILE NAME
Each file has a name,just like the name on the tab of a file
folder. When you want DOS to find a file, you give DOS the
file name.

Winchester 5-1/4" drive which fits in the same space as
full height mini-floppy drive (called the full-height fonn
factor).

G
FIRMWARE
A computer program written into a storage medium
which cannot be accidentally erased, Le., ROM. It can also
refer to devices containing such programs.

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A G is a unit of force applied to a body at rest equal to the
force exerted on it by gravity. Hard disk drive shock specifications are usually called out in Gs. A shock specification of 40
Gs non-operating means that a drive will not suffer any
permanent damage if subjected to a 40 G shock. This is roughly
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equivalent to a drop of the drive to a hard surface from a
distance of 1 inch.

during format operation). The defects are found during formatting, and their locations are stored on a special DOS file on the
disk, usually on cylinder O.

GAP
1. FORMAT: Part of the disk format. Allows mechanical compensations (i.e. spindle motor rotational speed variations) without the last sector on a track overwriting the first
sector. 2. HEAD: An interruption in the permeable head
material, usually a glass bonding material with high permeability, allowing the flux fields to exit the head structure to write
I read data bits in the form of flux changes on the recording
media.

HARD SECTOR MODE
A hardware controlled convention defining a fixed number of sectors per track in any specified zone.

HARDWARE
Computer equipment (as opposed to the computer programs and software).

HDA (Head/Disk Assembly)
GAP LENGTH
Narrowing the head gap length achieves higher bit
density because the lines of force magnetize a smaller area
where writing data in the form of flux changes on the recording
media.

GAP WIDTH
The narrower the gap width, the closer the tracks can be
placed. Closer track placement results in higher TPI.

GCR (Group Code Encoding)
Data encoding method.
"DIsk Drive Operation"

A sealed Winchester assembly including disks, heads,
filter and actuator assembly.

HEAD
An electromagnetic device that can write (record), read
(playback), or erase data on magnetic media. There are three
types:
Head Type
BPI
TPI
Areal density
Monolithic
8000
10 to 6th
900
Composite
12000 2000
10 to 8th
Thin-film
25000 3000
10 to 9th

See the encoding section in

GUARD BAND
1. Non-recorded band between adjacent data tracks, 2.
For closed loop servo drives, extra servo tracks outside the data
band preventing the Carriage Assembly from running into the
crash stop.

HEAD CRASH
A head landing occurs when the disk drive is turned on
or off. This function normally does not damage the disk as the
disk has a very thin lubricant on it. A head crash occurs when
the head and disk damage each other during landing, handling
or because a contaminant particle gets between them. Head
crash is a catastrophic failure condition and causes permanent
damage and loss of data.

HALF HEIGHT DRIVE
A Winchester drive which fits in one half of the space of
a full height mini-floppy drive

HARD DISK DRIVE
Commonly called rigid disk drives, or Winchester disk
drives. An electromechanical device that can read rigid disks.
Though similar to floppy disk drives, the hard disks have
higher bit density and multiple read/write surfaces.

HEAD LANDING AND TAKEOFF
In Winchester drives, the head is in contact with the
platter when the drive is not powered. During the power up
cycle, the disk begins rotation and an "air bearing" is established as the disk spins up to full RPM (rotations per minute).
This air bearing prevents any mechanical contact between
head and disk.

HEAD LANDING ZONE
HARD ERROR
An error that occurs repeatedly at the same location on
a disk surface. Hard errors are caused by imperfections in the
disk surface, called media defects. When formatting hard disk
drives, hard error locations, if known, should be spared out so
that data is not written to these locations. Most drives come
with a hard error map listing the locations of any hard errors by
head, cylinder and BFI (bytes from index - or how many bytes
from the beginning of the cylinder).

HARD ERROR MAP
Also called defect map, bad spot map, media map. Media
defects are avoided by deleting the defective sectors from
system use, or assigning an alternative track (accomplished
© CSC 1994

An area of the disk set aside for takeoff and landing of the
Winchester heads when the drive is turned on and off.

HEAD POSITIONER
Also known as the ACTUATOR, a mechanism that
moves the CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY to the cylinder being
accessed.

HEAD SLAP
Similar to a head crash but occurs while the drive is
turned off. It usually occurs during mishandling or shipping.
Head slap can cause permanent damage to a hard disk drive.
See HEAD CRASH.

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HEXADECIMAL (HEX)

INTERFACE STANDARD

A number system based on sixteen, using digits 0 through
9 and letters A through F to represent each digit of the number.
(A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15).

The interface specifications agreed to by various manufacturers to promote industry-wide interchange ability ofproducts such as disk drives and controllers. An interface standard
generally reduces product costs, allows buyers to purchase
from more than one source, and allows faster market acceptance of new products. (See ST-506/412, SCSI, ESDI)

10 FIELD
The address portion 'of a sector. The ID field is written
during the Format operation. It includes the cylinder, head, and
sector number of the current sector. This address information
is compared by the disk controller with the desired head,
cylinder, and sector number before a read or write operation is
allowed.

INTERLEAVE FACTOR
The ratio of physical disk sectors skipped for every
sector actually written.

INTERLEAVING

IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics)

Used with streaming tape, image-backup mode records
an exact copy of the disk, including unused sectors and bad
tracks.

The interleave value tells the controller where the next
logical sector is located in relation to the current sector. For
example, an interleave value of one (1) specifies that the next
logical sector is physically the next sector on the track. Interleave of two (2) specifies every other physical sector, three (3)
every third sector and so on. Interleaving is used to improve the
system throughout based on overhead time of the host software, the disk drive and the controller; Le., if an APPLICATION PROGRAM is processing sequential logical records of
a DISK FILE in a CPU time of more than one second but less
than two, then an interleave factor of 3 will prevent wasting an
entire disk revolution between ACCESSES.

INDEX (PULSE)

INTERRUPT

The Index Pulse is the starting point for each disk track.
The index pulse provides initial synchronization for sector
addressing on each individual track.

A signal, usually from a peripheral device to a CPU, to
signify that a commanded operation has been completed or
cannot be completed.

INDEX TIME

I/O PROCESSOR

The time interval between similar edges of the index
pulse, which measures the time for the disk to make one
revolution. This information is used by a disk drive to verify
correct rotational speed of the media.

Intelligent processor or controller that handles the input!
output operations of a computer.

A popular electronic interface standard for hard drives
used in IBM XT and AT compatible computers. IDE drives use
an embedded microprocessor to control both the drive and bus
control logic. Using one microprocessor for both functions
saves costs and eliminates the need for an intelligent controller
card.

IMAGE-BACKUP MODE

INPUT
1. Data entered into the computer to be processed.
2. User commands or queries.

KILOBYTE (KBYTE)
1) 1024 bytes (two to the tenth power, this is the normal
definition); 2) 1000 bytes; (this definition is used by disk drive
companies to bolster the specified capacity of their drives.

LAN
INPUT/OUTPUT
The process of entering data into or removing data from
a computer system.

INTELLIGENT PERIPHERAL
A peripheral device that contains a processor or microprocessor to enable it to interpret and execute commands, thus
relieving the computer for other tasks.

INTERFACE
The protocol data transmitters, data receivers, logic and
wiring that link one piece of computer equipment to another,
such as a disk drive to a controller or a controller to a system
bus. Protocol means a set of rules for operating the physical
interface, Le., don't read or write before SEEK COMPLETE is
true.
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Local Area Network

LANDING ZONE
The landing zone is where the read/write head sits when
it is not active. If the system features a dedicated landing zone,
the head will rest on the same track each time.

LATENCY (ROTATIONAL)
The time for the disk to rotate the accessed sector under
the head for read or write. Average latency is usually slightly
more than the time for half of a disk revolution.

LOGIC
Electronic circuitry that switches on and off (" 1" and
"0") to perform digital operations.

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LOOKUP
The action of obtaining and displaying data in a file.

MEGABIT (Abbreviated Mb)
One million bits. Not to be confused with megabyte
(MB) see below. There are usually 8 bits in a byte.

LOW LEVEL FORMAT
The first step in preparing a drive to store information
after physical installation is complete. The process sets up the
"handshake" between the drive and the controller. In an XT
system, the low level format is usually done using DOS's
debug utility. In an AT system, AT advanced diagnostics is
typically used. Other third-party software may also be used to
do low level format on both XTs and ATs.

MEGABYTE (Abbreviated MB)
1. 2 to the 20th power (1024K) This is the industry
standard definition. 2. One million bytes (exactly 1,000,000
bytes). This definition is used by disk drive companies.

MEMORY
Any device or storage system capable of storing and
retrieving information. See also STORAGE DEFINITIONS.

LUN
Logical Unit Number

MAGNETIC MEDIA
A disk or tape with a surface layer containing particles of
metal, or metallic oxides that can be magnetized in different
directions to represent bits of data, sounds or other information.

MAGNETIC RECORDING
The use of a head, recording head, recording media (tape
or disk), and associated electronic circuitry for storing data or
sound or video.

MICROCOMPUTER
A computer whose central processor unit (CPU) is
manufactured as a chip or a small number of chips. Personal
computers are examples of microcomputers.

MICROINCH (uin)
One-millionth of an inch.

MICROSECOND (us)
One-millionth of a second.

MILLISECOND (Msec)
One-thousandth of a second.

MAINFRAME COMPUTER
A large computer generally found in data processing
centers. See MINICOMPUTER AND MICROCOMPUTER.
MAIN MEMORY Random-access memory used by the CPU
for storing program instructions and data currently being
processed by those instructions. See RANDOM-ACCESS
MEMORY.

MEAN TIME BEFORE FAILURE (MTBF)
The average time before a failure will occur. This is not
a warranty measurement. MTBF is a calculation taking into
consideration the MTBF of each component in a system and is
the statistical average operation time between the start of a
unit's lifetime and its time ofa failure. After a product has been
in the field for a few years, the MTBF can become a field
proven statistic.

MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR)
The average time to repair a given unit. Limited to a
qualified technician with proper equipment.

MINICOMPUTER
A computer midway in size and processing power between a MICROCOMPUTER and a MAINFRAME COMPUTER.

MINI-SLIDER HEADS
Manganese/Zinc Ferrite Winchester heads. Smaller,
lighter heads with stiffer load arms than standard Winchester
heads. They allow smaller flying heights, and therefore higher
bit and track density, if they are made with smaller and
narrower gaps.

MINI WINCHESTER
A Winchester disk drive with 5-1/4 or 3-1/2 inch diameter disks.

MNEUMONIC
A shortened abbreviation for a series of codes.

MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)
MEDIA
The magnetic layers of a disk or tape. See DISKJPLATTER.

MEDIA DEFECT
A media defect can cause a considerable reduction ofthe
read signal (missing pulse or DROP-OUT), or create an extra
pulse (DROP-IN). See HARD ERROR MAP.

A method of recording digital data, using a particular
CODE to get the flux reversal times from the data pattern.
MFM recording is self-clocking because the CODE guarantees timing information for the playback process. The controller is thus able to synchronize directly from the data. This
method has a maximum of one bit of data with each flux
reversal. (See NRZ, RLL).

MULTIPROCESSOR
A computer containing two or more processors.
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MULTITASKING

PARKING

The ability of a computer system to execute more than
one program or program task at a time.

The ability ofa computer system to execute programs for
more than one user at a time.

Parking the disk drive heads means the recording heads
are moved so that they are not over the platter's data area. Many
drives have an auto-park feature where the heads are automatically parked when power to the drive is shut off. Other drives
require the user to run some kind of parking software to park
the heads.

NOISE

PARTITIONING

Extraneous electronic signals that interfere with information signals (similar to radio static or TV interference).
Sources of noise in computers can be power supplies, ground
loops, radio interference, cable routing, etc.

Method for dividing an area on disk drive for use by more
than one disk operating system or for dividing large disk drives
into areas which the File Allocation Table (FAT) can deal with
when in use. The current IBM DOS maximum partition size is
2000MB.

MULTIUSER

NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)
PATH

1) User digital data bits; 2) A method of magnetic
recording of digital data in which a flux reversal denotes a one
bit, and no flux reversal a zero bit, NRZ recording requires an
accompanying synchronization clock to define each cell time
unlike MFM or RLL recording).

The DOS term "path" has three definitions and each
definition involves directories. A PATH may be defined as: 1)
the names of the chain of directories leading to a file; 2) the
complete file or directory name; 3) a DOS command.

OFF LINE

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

Processing or peripheral operations performed while not
connected to the system CPU via the system BUS.

Auxiliary memory, displays, printers, disk drives, and
other equipment usually attached to computer systems' CPU
by controllers and cables (they are often packaged together in
a desktop computer).

OPEN COLLECTOR
A type of output structure found in certain bipolar logic
families. The device has an NPN transistor with grounded
emitter that enables it to output to a low voltage level only.
When the device is inactive, an external resistor holds the
device output at a high voltage level.

Magnetic disk memory media having its surface plated
with a thin coating of a metallic alloy instead of being coated
with oxide.

OPERATING SYSTEM

PLATTER

An operating system is a program which acts as an
interface between the user of a computer and the computer
hardware. The purpose ofthe operating system is to provide an
environment in which a user may run programs. The goal ofthe
operating system is to enable the user to conveniently use the
computer's resources such as the CPU, memory, storage
devices and printers.

The round magnetic disk surfaces used for read/write
operations in a hard disk system.

PLATED THIN FILM DISKS

POLLING
A technique that discerns which of several devices on a
connection is trying to get the processor's attention.

PRECOMPENSATION
OUTPUT
Processing data being transferred out of the computer
system to peripherals (i.e. disk, printer, etc.). This includes
responses to user commands or queries.

PARITY
A computer data checking method using an extra bit in
which the total number of binary l' s (or 0' s) in a byte is always
odd or always even; thus, in an odd parity scheme, every byte
has eight bits of data and one parity bit. If using odd parity and
the number of 1 bits comprising the byte of data is not odd, the
9th or parity bit is set to 1 to create the odd parity. In this way,
a byte of data can be checked for accurate transmission by
simply counting the bits for an odd parity indication. If the
count is ever even, an error is indicated.

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Applied to write data by the controller in order to
partially alleviate bit shift which causes adjacent 1's written on
magnetic media physically to move apart. When adjacent 1's
are sensed by the controller, precompensation is used to write
them closer together on the disk, thus fighting the repelling
effect caused by the recording. Precompensation is only required on some oxide media drives.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
A method of doing a scheduled routine observation or
exchanging a part, prior to a breakdown of a piece of equipment.

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB)
A circuit board IC and other components, like the one
attached to a drive.
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PROCESSING (DATA PROCESSING)
The process of computer handling, manipulating, and
modifying data such as arithmetic calculation, file lookup and
updating, or word processing.

number requested is the first track number to begin the area of
reduced write current, that track and all subsequent tracks will
be written with reduced write current.

RESOLUTION
PROGRAM
A sequence of instructions stored in memory and executed by a processor or microprocessor. See also APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS.

PROTOCOL
A set of conventions governing the format of messages
to be exchanged within a communications system.

RADIAL
A way ofconnecting multiple drives to one controller. In
radial operation, all output signals are active even if the drive
is not selected. Also see DAISY CHAIN.

With regards to magnetic recording, the band width (or
frequency response) of the recording heads.

RLL (RUN LENGTH LIMITED CODE)
1) A method of recording digital data, whereby the
combinations of flux reversals are coded/decoded to allow
greater than one (1) bit of information per flux reversal. This
compression of information increases data capacity by approximately 50 percent; 2) a scheme of encoding designed to
operate with the ST412 interface at a dial transfer rate of 7.5
megabit/sec. The technical name of this specific RLL CODE
used is "two, seven".

ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
RAM DISK
A system where part of the computer's random access
memory is used to simulate a disk drive. The RAM disk and its
contents will disappear if power is lost or the system is
restarted. RAM is far faster (microseconds ACCESS TIME)
than disks (milliseconds), so APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS
which access the disk run faster.

A chip that can be programmed once with bits of information. This chip retains this information even if the power is
turned off. When this information is programmed into the
ROM, it is called burning the ROM.

ROTATIONAL SPEED
The speed at which the media spins. On 5-1/4 or 3-1/2"
Winchester drives it is usually 3600 rpm.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
Memory where any location can be read from or written
to in a random order. Random access memory usually refers to
volatile memory where the contents are lost when power is
removed. The user addressable memory of a computer is
random access memory.

SCSI
Small Computer Systems Interface. The current "high
end" CPU-to-drive interface.

SCSI-II, SCSI-III

READ

Refer to recent attempts by ANSI to standardize SCSI
software and hardware improvements.

To access a storage location and obtain previously recorded data.

SECTOR

RECALIBRATE
Return to Track Zero. A common disk drive function in
which the heads are returned to track 0 (outermost track).

RECORD
A single unit made up of logically related fields.

A sector is a section of a track whose size is determined
by formatting. When used as an address component, sector and
location refer to the sequence number of the sector around the
track. Typically, one sector stores one user record of data.
Drives typically are formatted from 17 to 26 sectors per track.
Determining how many sectors per track to use depends on the
system type, the controller capabilities and the drive encoding
method and interface.

REDUCED WRITE CURRENT
A signal input (to some older drives) which decreases the
amplitude of the write current at the actual drive head. Normally this signal is specified to be used during inner track write
operations to lessen the effect ofadjacent bit "crowding." Most
drives today provide this internally and do not require controller intervention.

SECTOR-SLIP
Sector-slip allows any sector with a defect to be mapped
and bypassed. The next contiguous sector is given that sector
address.

SEEK

REDUCED WRITE CURRENT

The radial movement of the heads to a specified track
address.

To minimize the effects ofpeak shift, on some drives, the
magnitude of the write current is reduced on some of the
innermost tracks. When installing a drive in a system, the

SEEK COMPLETE

© CSC 1994

An ST506 interface signal from drive to controller which
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indicates that read/write heads have settled on the desired track
and completed the seek.

SEQUENTIAL ACCESS
Writing or reading data in a sequential order, such as
reading data blocks stored one after the other on magnetic tape
(the opposite of random access).

SERVO TRACK

SOFTWARE APPLICATION PROGRAMS
The Disc Operating System and other programs (as
opposed to HARDWARE). The instructions or programs,
usually stored on floppy or hard disks, which are used to direct
the operations of a computer, or other hardware.

SOFTWARE PATCH
Software modification which allows or adds functions
not otherwise available using the standard software program.

A prerecorded reference track on the dedicated servo
surface of a closed-loop disk drive. All data track positions are
compared to their corresponding servo track to determine "offtrack/on-track" position.
Information written on the servo surface that the electronics of the drive uses to position the heads over the correct
data track. This information is written on the drive by the servo
track writer.

The spindle motor is the electro-mechanical part of the
disk drive that rotates the platters.

SETUP

ST-5D6/ST-412 INTERFACE

Program used by AT type computers to store configuration in CMOS. This program is sometimes found in the system
BIOS and can be accessed from the keyboard. On other
systems, the program is on a diskette.

An early industry standard interfaces between a hard
disk and hard disk controller. In the ST-506/ST-412 interface,
the "intellegence" is on the controller rather than the drive. See
INTERFACE STANDARD, ESDI and SCSI.

SILICON

STEP

Semiconductor substrate material generally used to
manufacture microprocessors and other integrated circuit chips.

An increment or decrement of the head positioning arm
to move the heads in or out, respectively, one track from their
current position. In buffered mode (open loop drives), the head
motion is postponed until the last of a string of step pulses has
been received.

SKEWING
Some low-level formatting routines may ask for a Head
and/or Cylinder Skew value. The value will represent the
number of sectors being skewed to compensate for head
switching time of the drive and/or track-to-track seek time
allowing continuous read/write operation without losing disk
revolutions.

SPINDLE
The rotating hub structure to which the disks are attached.

SPINDLE MOTOR

STEPPER MOTOR
The stepper motor is the electro-mechanical part of the
disk drive that positions the heads by step pulse on the tracks
of the disk to read and write data.

SMD (Storage Module Device)

STEP PULSE

An 8" mainframe and minicomputer disk drive interface
standard.

The trigger pulse sent from the controller to the stepper
motor on the step interface signal line to initiate a step operation.

SMD (Surface Mounted Device)
A CHIP in a smaller integrated surface package, without
connection leads.

STEP TIME
The time required by the drive to step the heads from the
current cylinder position to a target cylinder.

SOFT ERROR
A bit error during playback which can be corrected by
repeated attempts to read.

SOFT SECTOR MODE
A convention, defined by software, of setting a variable
number of sectors per track in direct relationship to the drive's
FCI rating in regards to the area of media that passes beneath
the head. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that, in actual
surface area, the outermost tracks are longer than the innermost.

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STleTION
A slang term used in the drive industry to describe the
condition when Winchester heads become "stuck" to a disk.
This occurs when the disk lubricant hardens under the head.

STORAGE CAPACITY
Amount of data that can be stored in a memory, usually
specified in kilobytes (KB) for main memory and floppy disk
drives and megabytes (MB) for hard disk and tape drives.

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STORAGE DENSITY

TRACK ZERO

Usually refers to recording density (BPI, TPI, or their
product, AREAL DENSITY).

Track zero is the outermost data track on a disk drive. In
the ST 506 INTERFACE, the interface signal denotes that the
heads are positioned at the outermost cylinder.

STORAGE LOCATION
A memory location, identified by an ADDRESS, where
information is to be read or written.

TRACK ZERO DETECTOR

Storage module drive interface. An interface, used in
larger disk drives, Le. 8" & 14" drives.

An obsolete technology that RECALIBRATES by sensing when infrared beams between a LED and infrared sensitive
photo-transistor are blocked by the track zero interrupter
(TZI). In newer drives, the track position is encoded in the
servo signals.

SYNCHRONOUS DATA

TUNNEL ERASE

STORAGE MODULE DRIVE (SMD)

TAPE DRIVE

An erase scheme where both sides of the recorded data
are erased when writing data to eliminate track to track interference. This is primarily used on floppy disk drives.

A sequential access memory device whose magnetic
media is tape in a cassette, reel or continuous loop.

UNFORMATTED (Capacity)

Data sent, usually in serial mode, with a clock pulse.

THIN FILM HEADS
A read/write head whose read/write element is deposited
using integrated circuit techniques rather than being manually
fabricated by grinding ferrite and hand winding coils.

TPI
Tracks per inch.

Drive byte capacity before formatting. Maximum capacity of a disk drive before formatting = (bits per track) x number
of heads x # of cylinders. See MEGABYTE.

UPGRADE PATH
Generally, with disk products, a family having multiple
products with varying capacities such that the system storage
capacity can increase with changing application requirements
simply using a different disk drive within the product family.

TRACK
VERIFICATION

The radial position of the heads over the disk surface. A
track is the circular ring traced over the disk surface by a head
as the disk rotates under the heads.

This feature lets the computer go back and read what it
just wrote to disk to ensure the data was written correctly.

TRACK ACCESS TIME

VOICE COIL MOTOR

See AVERAGE ACCESS TIME.

TRACK DENSITY
See TPI.

TRACK FOLLOWING SERVO
A closed-loop positioner control system that continuously corrects the position of the disk drive's heads by utilizing
a reference track and a feedback loop in the head positioning
system. See also CLOSED LOOP.

TRACK PITCH
Distance from centerline to centerline of adjacent tracks
(TPI divided into 1.0). New drives have track pitches approaching 3000 TPI.

An electro-magnetic positioning motor in the rigid disk
drive similar to that used in audio speakers. A wire coil is
placed in a stationary magnetic field. When current is passed
through the coil, the resultant flux causes the coil to move. In
a disk drive, the CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY is attached to the
voice coil motor. Either a straight line (linear) or circular
(rotary) design may be employed to position the heads on the
disk's surface.

VOLATILE MEMORY
Memory that will be erased if power is lost. Typically,
MAIN MEMORY is volatile, and AUXILIARY MEMORY is
non-volatile and can be used for permanent (but changeable at
will) storage of programs and data.

WAN
TRACKS PER INCH

Acronym for Wide Area Network

Track density, number of tracks per inch.

WEDGE SERVO SYSTEM
TRACK WIDTH
Width of data track. Also called core width of Read/
Write Head.

© CSC 1994

A certain part of each TRACK contains servo positioning data. Gaps between each sector contain servo data to
maintain head stack position on that cylinder. Identical to
"EMBEDDED SERVO"

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WINCHESTER DRIVE
A disk drive with a Winchester style (floats on air) heads
and non-removable (fixed) disks sealed in a contaminant-free
housing.

WORD
Number of bits processed in parallel (in a single operation) by a CPU. Standard word lengths are 8, 16,32, and 64 (1,
2, 4 or 8 bytes).

WORM
Acronym for Write Once, Read Many. A non-erasable
optical disk drive that operates by melting (ablating) a thin
layer of media.

WRITE
To access a storage location and store data on the
magnetic surface.

WRITE CURRENT
The amount ofelectrical current used to drive a magnetic
recording head. The amount of write current necessary to
saturate the magnetic media in different cell location will vary.

WRITE FAULT
Disc drive interface signal to the controller used to
inhibit further writing when a condition exists in the drive
which, if not detected, would cause improper writing on the
disk. A "Write Fault Error" may occur if an operating system
detects this bit is set or is unable to verify data written to disk.

XSMD
Extended storage module drive interface. A popular
electrical interface for 8" drives used in minicomputer and
mainframe applications.

ZSR (Zone Sit Recording) or ZONED RECORDING
A media optimization technique where the number of
sectors per track is dependent upon the cylinder circumference.
I.E. tracks on the outside cylinders have more sectors per track
than the inside cylinders. ZBR is a Trademark of Seagate
Technology. Zoned Recording is used to maximize the capacity of all modem hard disk drives.

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Index
Symbols
1024 Cylinder Barrier
16-Bit Bus Wait States
16-Bit Memory Transfers
1790/1791 Errors
2000MB Partition Limit.
30-30
32MB Barrier
32MB Storage Limitation
3600RPM
50-Pin Amphenol
528MB Size Limitation

47, 62
59
57
65
47
4
47
47
11
32
7,51

A
Access
Access Time
ACT Jumper
ActivePartition
Actuator
Adaptec Controllers
Address (physical)
Address Mark
Adjustable Interleave
Advanced 286
AEG
Allen Shugart
American National Standards Institute
AMIBIOS
Ampex Corporation
Ampex Model 200
ANSI
Apple Hard Drive Tool Kit.
Apple HFS
Apple HFS (Hierarchal File System)
Application Program
AreaIDensity
ARRL
ASCII
ASIC Control Chip
ASME
ASPI4DOS.SYS
ASPIDISK
Asynchronous Data
AT 16-BitMFM Controllers
AT Clock Stretch
ATlnterface
ATA
ATAPI
Atasi 3085
© CSC 1994

297
297
29
47
297
177, 178
297
297
297
49
1
4
7
36
l
1
7, 297
69
69
69
297
297
8
297
13
297
30
30
297
36
59
297
7
23
203

Atasi 3085 Jumper Locations
Attempting To Recover Allocation Unit XXX
Automatic Back Up Of Files
Automatic Translation
Auxiliary Memory
Auxiliary Storage Device
Average Access Time
Azimuth

203
65
297
29
297
298
298
298

B
Backup Device
Backup File
Basic Drive Operation
BaudRate
BCAI
BDOS
Bi-Directional Bus
Binary
BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
BIOS Limitations
Bit
Bit Cell Length
Bit Cell Time
Bit Density
BitJitter
Bit Shift
Block
Boot
Buffer
Buffered Seek
Building A Real Multimedia PC
Bulletin Board Services
Bus
Bus Clock Speed
Bus Loading
Bus Mastering Compatibility
Byte

298
298
11, 17
298
298
298
298
298
298
23
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
19
283
299
59
51
61
299

C
C/O
C: Drive Failure or Drive C: Error
Cache Memory
CaliperCP-150B
Capacity
Carriage Assembly
CCAT Controllers
CD Handling Hazards
CDMedia
CD-ROM Standards

,

29
65
299
276
299
299
178
20
17
17

Hard Drive Bible 309

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

CD-I
CD-R
CD-RandCD-WO
CD-RDisks
CD-ROM
CD-ROMDriveOperation
CD-ROM Drives
CD-ROMXA
CDC, Imprimis or Seagate?
CDC Wren III Series
CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI)
CDC Wren III Series (ESDI & SCSI) Jumper Locations
CDC Wren V Series
CDC Wren V Series Jumper Location
Central Processor Unit (CPU)
Character
Charles Ginsburg
Chip
Chips & Technology 3 Chip LSI Chips
Choosing A CD-ROM Drive
Choosing a Drive Type
Choosing a Tape Drive
Clock Doubling
ClockRate
Clock Tripling
Close the Servo Loop
Closed Loop
Cluster Size
CMOSDriveType
CMOS Setup
CMOS Tables
Code
Coercivity
Colorado Jumbo "250MB"
Command
CommonError Messages
Compaq Computers
Compaq DOS
Compsurf
CompsurfFailure
Connector Pinouts
Conner 2000 Series
Conner 3000 Series/3044
Conner 30060
Conner 30064
Conner30104H
Conner 30174E
Conner 30200
Conner 30204
Conner30254
Conner3040
Conner31370
Conner3184
Conner 3200X
Conner 3360/3540
Conner 344
Conner 5500
310 Hard Drive Bible

18
19
19
18
17
17
265
18
71
203
205
205
206
206
299
299
3
299
26
18
35
275
51
299
51
13
299
299
61
59
61
299
299
276
299
65
4
62
49
61
197
207
208
208
209
209
210
21 0
211
211
212
212
213
213
214
215
216

Conner CPF 1060
Conner IDE Card pIn 02090-002
Conner IDE Drive Jumpers
Conner IDE Drives
Conner Peripherals
Conner Peripherals Controllers
ConnerCF340A
Conner CFA340A
Console (also called CRT or Terminal)
Control Panels
Controller
Controller Information
Converting Imprimis to Seagate Numbers
Copyright Notice
Core
Coretest
Crash
CSC AK-47 VESA SCSI-II.
CSC BBS at (408) 541-8455
CSC Benchmark Tests
CSC Caching ESDI Card
CSC Controllers
CSC FastCache 32
CSC FastCache 64
CSC IDE FastCache 64
CSCFMT
CSCTEST
Cyclic-Redundancy-Check (CRC)
Cylinder

207
178
206
206
4
178
215
214
299
70
299
177
72
293
299
53
300
179
63
255
179
179, 180, 181
180
180
18
37
53
300
300

D
Daisy Chain
Data
Data Access
Data Address
DataBase
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
Data Compression and Honest Capacity
Data Encoding
Data Encoding and Decoding
DataField
Data Separator
Data Track
Data Transfer Rate (DTR)
dBase
DEBUG.COM
Decrease the Flying Height.
Dedicated Servo System
Dedicated Voice Coil Servo
Default
Defect Locking
Density
Desk Accessories
Digital
Digital Magnetic Recording
Direct Access
Directory

300
300
300
300
300
300
275
300
14
300
300
300
300
54
35
300
300
13
301
59
301
70
301
301
301
301

i ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734·3475

Directory
Disabled Drivers
Disclaimer
Disk File
DiskManager
Disk Operating System (DOS)
Disk Pack
Disk Platter
Disk Storage
Diskette
DOS (Disc Operating System)
DOS 2.0GB Limit
DOS Buffers
DOS Cluster Size
DOSDRIVER.SYS
DOS FDISK
DOS Format
DOS Partitioning
Double Wide SCSI
DREQ and DACK
Drive
Drive Cabling
Drive Filter and Latch Components
drive Geometry
Drive Jumpers
Drivee Select
Drive Selects
Drive Type
Drive Type 0
Drive Won't Spin
Drop-InlDrop-Out
Drum
DSO or DS 1 Confusion
DSP
DTC Controllers
DTK Controllers (Data Enterprises)

283
70
293
301
47
301
301
301
301
301
301
62
54
62
25
35
48
62
9
25
301
31
14
36
203
301
62
301
36
62
301
301
30
29
181, 182, 183, 184
184

E
ECC (Error Correction Code)
ED Floppy Support
EISA Cards
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
Embedded Servo
Embedded Servo System
EMS Cards
Encoding and Decoding Codes
ENDEC
Enhanced IDE
Erasable Optical Drives
Erase
Error
Error Reading Fixed Disk
ESDI (Enhanced Small Device Interface)
ESDI and SCSI Controller Drive Types
ESDI Control Signals
ESDI Data Signals
ESDI DC Power
© CSC 1994

301
62
51
301
14
302
27
15
15
23
265
302
302
65
302
61
197
198
198

ESDI Defect Tables
ESDI Interface
ESDI Pinouts
ESDI Sector Sparing
Everex Controllers
Execute
Extended Chipset Setup
Extended Length Tapes
Extensions
EZ-SCSI Software

57
8
197, 198
62
184
302
26
276
70
256

F
Factory MTBF Figures
FAST SCSI
FASTOPEN
FASTOPEN C:I00,101X
FCI (Flux Changes per Inch)
FCSETUP
Feedback
Fetch
Fields
File (See Disk File)
File Allocation Table (FAT)
File Name
Finder File
Firmware
Fixed Disk
Floppy Address
Floppy Disk
Floppy Drive List
Floppy Drives
Floppy Tape
Floptical Diskettes
Flux Changes per Inch (FCI)
Flux Change
FM
FM (Frequency Modulation)
Format
Format Unit
Formatted Capacity
Formatting ESDI Drives
Formatting MFM Drives
Formatting RLL Drives
Formatting SCSI Drives
FPI (flux changes per inch), also FRPI.
Friction
Fujitsu 2244,2245,2246
Fujitsu 2244,2245, & 2246 Shorting Plug Locations
Fujitsu 226X Series
217,
Full Height Drive
Full-Height Interface Connectors
Future Domain Controllers
Future Standards

255
9
54
54

302
30
302
302
302
302
302
302
69
302
302
25
302
259
259
275
5
302
302
302
15
302
39
302
37
36
37
37
302
302
217
217
218
302
251
185
l0

G
G
Gap

302
303
Hard Drive Bible 311

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

Gap Length
Gap Width
GCR (Group Code Encoding)
Glossary
Guard Band

~

303
303
303
295
303

H
Half-Height Drive
303
Half-Height Interface Connectors
251
Handle Hard Drives Like EggsL
59
Hans Christian Oersted
1
71
HardDriveList
Hard Drive Parameters
73
Hard Error
303
Hard Error Map
303
Hard Sector Mode
303
Hardwaree
303
Hardware Compatibility Problems
57
Hardware Conflicts
59
HDA (HeadlDisk Assembly)
303
HDD Controller Failure
65
Head
303
Head Carriage
12
Head Crash
303
12
HeadGaps
Head Landing and Takeoff
303
Head Landing Zone
303
Head Positioner
303
Head Slap
303
Helical Scan Recording
3
Hexadecimal (HEX)
304
High Track Densities
13
HitachiDK514C
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
HitachiDK515
225, 226, 227, 228, 229
HitachiDK516
230
Hitachi SZ916 PCB Default Jumper Settings
221
Holerith Cards
2
HOSTSLV
29
HOSTSLV/ACT
29
HSP
29
HybridServo
14

I
I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides A & B)
I/O Channel Connector Pinouts (Sides C & 0)
I/O Channel Ready
110 Processor
IBM
IBM 0662
IBM I/O Channel Pinout.
IBM Personal Computer Division
IBM Task File
ICPL
ID Field
IDE
IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics)
IDE Cabling
312 Hard Drive Bible

199
198
57
304
7
255
198, 199
7
7
3
304
7
304
62

IDEDriveCabling
IDE Drive Installation
IDE Drive Jumpering
IDE Drive Master/Slave Compatibility
IDE Drive Types
IDE Interface Pinout
IDE Limitations
IDEMaster/Slave
IDSCAN
Image-Backup Mode
Incorrect Drive Parameters
Index
Index (Pulsee)
Index Time
Industry Standard Floppy Drives
INITs
Input
Input/Output
Inquiry
Insert Disk For Drive C
Integrated Drive Electronics
Intelligent Drive Electronics
Intelligent PeripheraL
~
Interface
Interface Standards
Interleave Factor
Interleaving
International Radio Consultive Committee
Interrange Instrumentation Group
Interrupt
Interrupt-13h Format Command
Interrupts and DMA Channels
Invalid Media Type
IPI Interface
IRCC
IRIG
IRQ14orIRQ15
ISO-9660
ISA
ISABus
ISA Bus 16-Bit Memory Transfers
ISA Bus Base BIOS Address
ISA Bus Base I/O Address
ISA Bus Controller Interrupt.
ISA Bus DMA Channel.
ISA Bus Extended Setup
ISA Bus I/O Channel Ready Timing
ISA Bus Refresh
IS09660

31
29
29
58
35
197
23
63
29
304
63
309
304
304
259
70
304
304
39
65
7
7
304
304
7, 304
304
304
7
7
304
37
63
65
9
7
7
61
17
51
51
57
25
25
25
25
59
57
26
17

J
JVC 4MM SCSI DAT

276

K
Keep Optical Drives Clean and CooL
Kilobyte (KByte)

60
304
©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

L
LAN
Landing Zone
Latency (Rotational)
Linear Actuator
Logic
LongBootTime
Long Format Time
Longshine Controllers
Lookup
Low-Level Formatting
Low Level Formatting IDE Drives
LUN

304
71, 304
304
12
304
63
63
185
305
29, 35, 305
38
305

M
Macintosh CPU
Macintosh Drive Installation
Magnetic Flux Reversals
Magnetic Media
Magnetic Peripherals Incorporated
Magneetic Recording
Magnetite
Magneto-Resistive Heads
Magnetophons
Mainframe Computer
Manufacturers Phone List.
Master Your Own CD-ROM
Master/Slave
Matching CMOS tables for IDE Drives
MaximumFrequency Limitation
Maxtor25128Aand2585A
Maxtor4000ESeries
MaxtorColorado
Maxtor LXT-1 00 Jumper Locations
Maxtor LXT-200A PCB Layout.
Maxtor LXT-SCSI
Maxtor MXT-1240
Maxtor Panther SCSI.
Maxtor XT 1000/2000 Series
Maxtor XT 8000E Series
Maxtor XT-4000S
Maxtor XT-8000S
Maxtor XT-8000SH
MaxtorLXT-200A
Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF)
Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)
Media
Media and Heads
Media Defect
Media Wears
Megabit (Abbreviated Mb)
Megabyte (Abbreviated MB)
Memory
MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation)
MFM and RLL Encoding
MFM Drive Types
© CSC 1994

69
69
14
305
4
305
1
12
1
305
277
19
58
61
l4
233
234, 235
71
231
231
240
232
236
234
240, 241
237
238
239
232
305
305
305
12
305
14
305
305
305
15
8
36

MFM Encoding
MFM, RLL, and ESDI Drive Jumpering
Michael Faraday
Micro-Sliders
Microcomputers
Microinch (uin)
Micropolis 132XSeries
Micropolis 135X Series
Micropolis 137X Series
Micropolis 155X Series
Micropolis 157X Series
Microsecond (us)
Millisecond (Msec)
Mini Winchester
Mini-Mono
Mini-Slider Heads
Miniscribe 9380 E Drives
Miniscribe 9380S Drives
Miniscribe or Maxtor Colorado
Mneumonic
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode Select
Mode Sense
Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM)
More than 16MB ofMemory
MPC Compliance
MPCLevell
MPC Level 2
MPC Standard
MRHead
Multi Drive ESDI Cabling
Multi Drive MFM and RLL Cabling
Multiple Drive Support Under DOS
Multiprocessor
Multitasking
Multiuser

15
30
1
5
305
305
241
242
242
243
243
305
305
305
5
305
244
245
71
305
17
18
40
40
305
52
18
19
19
19
5
32
31
63
305
306
306

N
NAB
Nano-Sliders
National Association of Broadcasters
Native
NativeLBA's
NCLControllers
Netware 386
Netware Lite
No BIOS Sign-on Banner
No Fixed Disk Present.
No Partitions Defined
No ROM Basic
No SCSI Devices Found
Noise
Non System Disk or Disk Error
Novell Compsurf
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)

7
5
7
38
36
185
49
49
63
65
65
66
66
306
66
49
15, 306

Hard Drive Bible 313

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

o
Oersteds (Oe)
OffLine
Old DOS Limitations
OneOff
Open Collector
Operating System
OPTI Chips
Optical Disk Drive Technology
Optical Drive List
Optical Drives
Optical Drive Specifications

g~~~~~

::::::::::::::::

Output

12
306
47
19
306
306
26
265
267
60
267

::::::::::::~~
306

p
PaperTapes

2

:~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;~~

Partition Can't Be Removed
Partition Compatibility
Partitioning
Path
PC-Cache
PCI
PCIBus
PCMCIA Flassh
PE (Phase Encoded)
Peripheral Equipment.
PerSci
PerSci 9 Track 6250BPI Reel-Reel.
Pertec
PhotoCD
PKUNZIP.EXE
Plated Media
Plated Thin Film Disks
Platter
Polling
Power Supply
Precompensation
Preventative Maintenance
Priam 514, 519
Priam 617,628,638
Priam 717, 728, 738
Primary Port Address
Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
PRML
PRML Encoding
PRML Technology
Processing (Data Processing)

63
47
306
306
54, 55
51
52
5
15
306
4
276
275
18
293
12
306
306
306
63
306
306
246
246
247
25
306
16, 21
21
21
307

~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;~~
Q
QIC-02
314 Hard Drive Bible

275

QIC-02 Interface
QIC-36
QIC-36 Connector Pin Assignments
QIC-36 Interface
QIC-40 Interface
Quantum Go-Drive AT
Quantum Go-Drive AT Jumpers
Quantum PRODRIVE Series
Quick Time....... 18

9
275
202
10
9
248
248
248

R
Radial
RAM Disk
RAMAC
Random Access Memory (RAM)

::~~.~~~~

307
307
2
307

: ::..:.::::::..:::::::::::::::40:' 30~

Read Capacity
Read Extended
ReadLong
Reassign Blocks
Reassign Blocks Defect List.
Recalibrate
Record
Recording Bandwidth
Reduced Write Current.
Reel to Reel Tape
Refresh Line
Release
Requests Sense
Resolution
Reversed Cables
Rezero Unit
RLL
RLL (Run Length Limited Code)
RLL (Run Length Limited Encoding)
RLL 1,7 and RLL 2,7
RLL2,7
RLL 2,7 Encoding Tree
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM Address Conflict.
ROM BIOS
Rotary Actuator
Rotational Speed

40
41
41
41
42
307
307
14
307
2
26
42
42
307
59
43
8
307
15
15
8
16
307
25
25
12
307

S
SA-400 Interface
SA-400 Pinout
SCSI
SCSI Arbitration on Bus Scan
SCSI Cable Identification
SCSI Cabling
SCSI Command Reference
SCSI Command Set Issues
SCSI Controllers
SCSI Drive Cabling
SCSI Drive Jumpering

10
201
275, 307
57
34
63
39
57
256
32
30
©

esc 1994

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

SCSI Drive Types
SCSIID
SCSI ID and Termination
SCSIID's
SCSI Interface
SCSI Low-Level Format.
SCSI Mode Sense
SCSI Parity Jumpers
SCSI Pinout
SCSI Termination
SCSI-II
SCSI-II, SCSI-III
SCSI-III
SCSI-IV
Seagate 5.25" MFM/RLL Drives
Seagate 3.5" MFMlRLL Drives
Seagate Controllers
Seagate SCSI Drives
Seagate Technology
Secondary IDE Controller
Sector
Sector Sparing
Sector-Slip
Seek
Seek Complete
Seek Extended
Send Diagnostic
Sequential Access
Servo Feedback
Servo Track
SETUP
SFT286
Shadow RAM
Shugart
Shugart Associates
Silicon
Single Drives (MFM, RLL or ESDI) Cables
Single Drives Cables
Skewing
SMARTDRV.SyS
SMD (Storage Module Device)
SMD (Surface Mounted Device)
SMD Interface
SMS/OMTI Control1ers
SoftError
Soft Sector Mode
Software
Software Application Programs
Software Patch
Speed Cache
SpeedStor
Speedstor, or Disk Manager
Spindle
Spindle Motor
Spindle
ST-506 Control Signals - Jl/P1
ST-506 Data Signals - J2/P2
©

esc 1994

~

36
60
60
64
9
38
36
60
200
64
9
307
10
10
251
252
186
252, 253
7
25
307
62
307
43,307
307
43
43
308
13
308
308
49
64
4
7
308
31
31
308
54
308
308
9
187, 188
308
308
293
308
308
54
47
37
308
11,308
54
199
20 1

ST-506 DC Power - J3/P3
ST-506 Pinout
ST-506/ST-412 Interface
Standard Tape Capacity
Start-up Torque
Start/Stop Unit
Step
Step Pulse
StepTime
Stepper Motor
Stepper Motor Servo Systems
Stiction
Storage Capacity
Storage Density
Storage Dimensions Controllers
Storage Location
Storage Module Drive (SMD)
Synchronous Data
SySC
SYSCLOCK
System Bombs
System Folder
System Hangs On Power Up
SZ931 PCB Layout (Rev. 1 or later)

201
199
8,308
277
11
44
308
308
308
308
13
308
308
309
188
309
309
309
48
26
69
69
64
225

T
Table Overrides
Tape Drive
Tape Drive Interfaces
Tape Drive Performance Comparison
TapeDrives
Telegraphone
Teletype Corporation
Termination
Test Unit Ready
Thermal Problems
Thin Film
Thin Film Heads
Third Party DMA
TPI
Track
Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable
Track Access Time
Track Density
Track Following Servo
Track Pitch
Track Width
Track Zero
Track Zero Detector
Track-Following Servo
Tracks per Inch
Translated LBA's
Translation
Tunnel Erase
Twisted Cables
Twisted Data Cables
Type 1
Typical IDE Drive Installation

36
309
275
276
275
1
2
31
44
64
12
309
25
309
309
66
309
309
309
309
309
309
309
3
309
36
38
309
31, 59
64
36
29
Hard Drive Bible 315

Corporate Systems Center (408) 734-3475

u

z

Ultrastor Controllers
Unable to Access Fixed Disk
Unformatted (Capacity)
Universal IDE Parameters
Upgrade Path

189
66
309
67
309

310
293

ZBR (Zone Bit Recording) or Zoned Recording
Zipped Files

V

VCR Technology
Verification
Verify
VESA
VESA VL-BusLoading
VL-Bus
VL-BusSpeed
Vlademar Poulsen
Voice Coil Motor
Voice Coil Servo Systems
Volatile Memory

3
309
44
51, 57
57
51,57
51
1
3, 309
13
309

W

WAN
309
Wangtec Controllers
190
Wedge Servo System
309
Western Digital Controllers 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195
What is CSCFMT?
35
What is DEBUG?
35
WIDESCSI
9
Wide SCSI and Fast SCSI.
9
Winchester Drive
310
Winchester File
4
Winchester Heads
14
Windows NTTM
47
Windows™ in 386 Enhanced Mode
30
Won't Boot (DOS)
64
Won'tBoot(ESDI)
64
Won'tBoot(IDE)
64
Won'tBoot(SCSI)
65
Word
310
WORM
310
WORM Drives
265
Write
44, 310
Write Current
310
Write Extended
45
Write Fault
31 0
45
Write Long
WritePrecomp
71

Call CSC today
for a FREE
Disk Drive Comparison
Price Guide
1-(408)-734-3475

X

XA Form 1
XA Form 2
XENIX
XSMD
XT Interface

316

Hard Drive Bible

18
18
51
310
7

©

esc 1994



---

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