C182 Training Manual 1Jul2011 Technical Cessna_C182 History_RSV Manuals_2011 Cessna History RSV Manuals 2011
Cessna_C182--History_RSV-Training-Manuals_2011 Cessna_C182--History_RSV-Training-Manuals_2011
User Manual: Cessna_C182--History_RSV-Training-Manuals_2011
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CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Models and Differences As detailed on the previous page, the Cessna 182 model had a number of type variants during its production history. Additionally there are a number of postmanufacture modifications available for the airframe, instruments/avionics equipment and electrics. Speeds often vary between models by one or two knots, sometimes more for significant type variants. Whenever maximum performance is required the speeds will also vary with weight, and density altitude. For simplification the speeds have been provided for the model C182 Skylane, which was produced in the largest numbers. All speeds have been converted to knots and rounded up to the nearest 5kts. Generally multiple provision of figures can lead to confusion for memory items and this application is safer for practical use during conversion training. During practical training reference should be made to the flight manual of the aeroplane you will be flying to ensure that the limitations applicable for that aeroplane are adhered to. Likewise when flying different models it should always be remembered that MAUW, flap limitations, engine limitations and speeds may vary from model to model. Before flying different models, particularly if maximum performance is required, the AFM should be consulted to verify differences. Model History We provide the following information to outline significant differences from an operational perspective. A detailed history is provided in the table following and in subsequent chapters. C182 The early model C182 had the same fuselage as the C180 (“straight back”), without the rear window. The main operational differences of the C182 are summarised here: ● ● manual flap lever and the limitation of 100mph (87kts) for all flap selections lower maximum all up weight (2550lbs) Various minor airframe changes were made to gradually bring about the more commonly known version of the C182 including: ● ● ● C182A Weight increased to 2650lbs; C182C Third window on cabin, swept tail; C182E Wrap around rear window, re-profiled cowlings, improved fairings, electric flaps, weight increased to 2800lbs, flap limits increased to 110mph (95kts), optional 8-USGal fuel tanks; ● by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 14 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL The addition of the rear window, and swept tail, and later cowling and fairing modifications were mainly responsible for the present appearance of the C182. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● C182L Preselect flap control, first 10 degrees increased to 160mph (140kts); C182N Maximum takeoff weight increased to 2950lbs; C182P Tubular steel undercarriage increasing landing weight to 2950lbs, enlarged fin; C182Q Maximum rpm reduced to 2400 with O-470U designed for 100/130 fuel, vernier mixture control standard, electrical system changed to 28V and bladder tanks replaced with integral tanks with a higher standard fuel capacity of 88USGal; C182R Takeoff weight increased to 3100, 20 degrees flap limit increased to 120kts; C182S Fuel injection, first 10 degrees increased to 100kts, annunciator panel, or optional G1000 avionics; C182T G1000 avionics now standard equipment. Major performance options were offered in the late 1970's including: C182RG (R182), 1977-1986 Retractable version of the Skylane, improved speed but added responsibility. T182RG and T182, 1979-1986 235hp turbo charged version, service ceiling 20,000 (with oxygen!), added power, added maintenance, increase in MAUW to 3100lbs. When Cessna resumed production of it's single engine range in the 90's, a new and improved C182S was available. C182S, C182T, T182T 1997 on If you are lucky enough to find one of these it is really a dream to operate. After the recovery from public liability suits and the 80's recession, the C182 received upgraded systems and equipment to produce the same proven design with the latest accessories and support. Significant differences include: ● IO540 fuel injected engine, providing 230hp at 2400rpm; ● Full IFR avionics as standard installation including auto pilot; ● Warning and caution annunciator panel indications or optional G1000 avionics suite; The S and T have slightly lower load carrying capacity than earlier models due mainly to avionics installations, and the fuel injected system, although alleviating carburettor problems, can be quite complicated for the inexperienced pilot and differences training is highly recommended. Reims F182 by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 15 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Like all Reims productions we have to admit this model is also an excellent version. Only 169 aircraft were produced. Significant differences include: ● Lower stall speeds, similar to STOL equipped C182s; ● Slightly higher cruise speeds; ● Different airframe manufacturing processes. Robertson STOL kits Additions of Robertson STOL Kits (Sierra Industries) to the C182 produce remarkable short field performance and stall speeds that approach that of a 152, however without any significant increase drag in the cruise. It is an impressive modification, however must be taken carefully if you wish to use it to its limits. Care should be taken at low speed where operating near the wrong side of the drag curve, particularly when at MAUW and with high density altitudes. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 16 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model History Versus Serial Number Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes C182 1956 18233000 2550lbs maximum weight, Continental 0470-L engine developing 230hp at 2600rpm, 14V electrical system. C182A Skylane for 1957 deluxe version only 18233843 2650lbs maximum weight, increase from 60 to 65USgal fuel capacity, useable fuel remains at 55USgal. Some minor improvements to the airframe and fittings including modified instrument panel layout. Electrical fuel gagues and low voltage warning light standard. 1823475434999 18251001 Skylane name introduced for deluxe model. Exhaust moved for improved cooling, rudder linkages changed to bungee type, and improved instrument lighting. 1958 C182B 1959 18251557 Cowl flaps added. C182C 1960 18252359 Tail fin and rudder changed to a swept tail shape and third cabin side window added on each side. Flush caps replaced with standard raised grip fuel caps. Minor interior changes including plastic control wheel grip, and major changes to fuselage and cowling designs to improve maintenance. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 17 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes C182D 1961 18253008* The last of the 'straight back' models. The instrument panel layout improved, with the artificial horizon in a more direct line of sight from the left seat. Cowling fastenings changed to quick release type. Pull starter replaced by key starter. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 18 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes C182E 1962 18253599 Maximum weight increased to 2800lbs Optional 84 USG tank (80 USG useable) Cut down rear fuselage and added "omni-vision" wraparound rear window, flap limit increased on all stages from 100mph to 110mph (95kts), manual flap replaced by electric flap with a toggle switch and indicator. Pull contactor master switch change to a rocker type. Engine changed to 0470-R. C182F C182 or Skylane 1963 18254424 Optional autopilot available. Improved overhead instrument lighting. C182G 1964 18255059 One piece rear window fitted, aft cabin windows enlarged. C182H 1965 55845 Pointed spinner replaces rounded shape. Horizontal stabiliser and elevator width increased. One piece front windshield. C182J 1966 56685 Rotary door latches fitted, larger cowl access panel provided for easier maintenance. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 19 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes C182K 1967 57626 An alternator replaces the generator for electrical power supply. C182L 1968 58506 Flap toggle switch replaced by a “preselect” lever and floating arm indicator, flap limiting speed on first 10 degrees increased to 160mph (140kts). AH moved to central position, to resemble later more ergonomic instrument panel configurations. Sump fuel stainer control moved from instrument panel to beside oil dipstick. A182J Argentine A182K C182 1966 A182-001 Argentinian built models. 1967 A182-057 A182L 1968 A182-097 on C182M C182 or C182N Skylane 1969 18259306 Generator output increased to 60 Amps. 1970 18260056 Maximum takeoff weight increased to 2950lbs, landing weight remains 2800lbs. Split rocker master switch installed to isolate battery from alternator. C182N 1971 18260446 Shoulder harnesses standard in front seats, 80lbs baggage permitted in aft compartment, total still 120lbs. C182P C182 or Skylane 1972 18260826 Flat spring steel main landing gear struts replaced with tubular steel. Landing weight increased to 2950lbs to match takeoff weight. Baggage in aft compartment now total 200lbs (120 in forward part and 80 in aft part of compartment). Landing lights shifted from wing to nose cowling. Engine gauge markings relabelled with arcs for improved ergonomics. High voltage sensor and 'High Voltage' warning light replaces the generator warning light. 1973 18261426 Factory installed avionics upgraded from 100 channel to 200 channel. 1974 18262466 Door handles now close armrest in locked position. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 flush with Page 20 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes 1975 18263476 Engine changed to O-470-S. Improved cowling and fairing design increases reported cruise speed approximately 5kts. Lower profile glareshield. C182 Skylane only 1976 18264296 Airspeed indicator changed from mph to kts, flap limit placards converted from 110mph to 95kts. Optional electric trim. F182P Reims 1976 F1820001F1820025 Built by Reims in France A182M Argentine A182N C182 1969 Not assigned Argentinian built models. 1970 A1820117A182136 A182N 1971 Not assigned A182N 1972 Not assigned A182N AMC182 1973 A1820137A182146 A182N 19741976 Not assigned C182Q Skylane or 1977 Skylane II 1826517618265965 Changed to Avgas 100/130 engine design with Continental O-470-U, developing 230hp at 2400rpm, maximum rpm reduced primarily for noise, but also a reported improved climb performance. Vernier mixture control now standard. C182Q 1978 1826596618266590 &18263479 Electrical system changed from 14 to 28 Volts, battery capacity 24V, 12.75 or 15.5 amp-hr. Engine configured for Avgas 100LL/100. Avionics master switch installed. Window latch redesigned to sit flush with window indent. C182Q 1979 1826659118267300 Integral fuel tank replaces bladder tank and capacity increased to 92USgal, 88USgal usable. Alternator control unit changed to integral unit, and 'HIGH VOLTAGE' warning light relabelled 'LOW VOLTAGE'. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 21 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes C182Q 1980 18267301, 1826730218267715 New audio panel with marker beacons. A pull type alternator circuit breaker fitted. F182P Reims/ 1977 Cessna Skylane/II F18200026- Built by Reims in France. F18200064 F182Q F Skylane 1978 F18200065F18200094 F182Q F Skylane II 1979 F18200095F18200129 F182Q 1980 F18200130F18200169 C182R Skylane or /T182 Turbo Skylane/ Skylane II or Turbo Skylane II/ Skylane or Turbo Skylane -With Value Group A 1981 1826771618268055 &18267302 1982 118268056 1983 18268294 Low Vacuum warning light fitted, flap speed for 20 degrees increased to 120kts. 1984 18268369 Rear shoulder harnesses standard. 1985 18268434 1986 1826854218268586 19781986 R18200002- Retractable version and turbo R18202039 retractable version, with Lycoming O540-J3C5D, 235hp at 2400rpm. R182/ Skylane TR182 RG Maximum weight increased to 3100lbs for takeoff, landing weight remains 2950lbs. Introduction of optional turbocharged engine with designator T182. Door latch redesigned to include an upper latching pin. Note 1: Unlike most Cessna's which have the suffic RG to designate retractable, Cessna termed the retractable version of the Cessna 182 “R182”, unfortunately this is easily confused with the C182R and also can be confused with terminology used to designate the C172 military and Hawk XP version - “R172” which is not retractable. In this text the term C182RG has been used to refer to the retractable version to avoid confusion. by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 22 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Model Name Year Starting Serial Number Significant Changes 182S Skylane 19972001 18280001 Engine changed to Lycoming IO-540AB1A5, fuel injected, 230hp at 2400rpm, dual vacuum system, annunciator panel or optional G1000 avionics. Maximum ramp weight increased to 3110Lbs, takeoff and landing remain unchanged. First 10 degrees flap limit increased to 100kts. 182T Skylane 2001 on 18280945 Minor modifications to engine cowling, wheel fairings and step. G1000 avionics now standard equipment. T18208001 Lycoming TIO540-AK1A, turbo, fuel injected, 235hp at 2400rpm, 4 place oxygen system. T182T Skylane TC 2001 on Note 2: The designator T182/TR182 was given to models from 1978 on which were fitted with a turbocharger, again this should not be confused with the later design C182T which is normally aspirated. Common Modifications Table There are over 500 STCs on the C182, it would not be useful to list them all here. This table attempts to identify a few of the more commonly used and more widely beneficial modifications available. TYPE NAME and MANUFACTURER Any Air Research Increases weight to 2950, useful on older models, Technology Inc STOL extends the wing by 37 inches, which also kit increases performance. Any Ski's/Floats (Various) C182s (unlike the less suitable C172) unfortunately never had a factory float plane option available, however a number of STC's are available for full conversion to seaplane operation. Flight Bonus speed kit (available from Horton STOLcraft) Reported to improve cruise speed 12-18kts. Drag reduction kits (Various) Various – normally involving speed fairings to reduce form drag, there are various drag reduction kits available to improve cruise speeds. Any by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 DIFFERENCES and FEATURES Page 23 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL TYPE NAME and MANUFACTURER DIFFERENCES and FEATURES Engine Modifications, Various engine refits are available, the most (Various) common being the IO470, IO520, and IO550 engines, for improved performance. All these also being fuel injected, additionally address carburettor and carb-ice issues. Any Horton STOL Tip and wing surface modifications to permit lower stall speed, take-off and landing speeds and thus lower distances. Any Robertson STOL Increased lift, more speed, added stability, and lower stall speed, take-off and landing speeds and distances. Any Vortex Generators Reduction in surface drag and induced drag, (Micro Aerodynamics) improving boundary layer adherence, and decreasing stall speed, improved performance. Note: All manufacturers of performance related modifications will have full information available on the increases projected from the kit, in terms of speed, takeoff and landing, fuel burn, and climb enhancements. It is recommended that these figures be reviewed carefully in terms of desire attributes. Aircraft fitted with performance modifications must have POH supplements indicating difference – these supplements must referred to in the relevant main sections of the POH where applicable. Warns when fuel remaining is less than approximately 7USGal for older models (restarts have a low fuel warning system). Any Low Fuel Warning System, O & N Aircraft Modifications Any Fuel Cap Monarch Air Umbrella style fuel caps which fix problems with leaks, predominantly occurring in older flush mounted caps, (available for most Cessna types) 1956-76 Autogas modification, Engine modification to permit operation on autogas (available to engines were certified for operation engines Various with 80/87 octane, 1976 and prior). There is an only increased tendency for carb icing and fuel vaporisation, and a slight power reduction, but Autogas can provide much lower costs and convenience in many countries by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 24 CESSNA 182 TRAINING MANUAL Early Model Straight-back/no Swept Tail C182 C182RG Skylane with Rear Window by D. Bruckert & O. Roud © 2006 Page 25
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