Copernicus Latex Manual
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Copernicus Publications
Latex Manual
Copernicus Publications
Bahnhofsallee 1e
37081 G¨ottingen, Germany
publications@copernicus.org
http://publications.copernicus.org
Version 2.0 from January 2013
Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Setting up the L
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X manuscript 4
2.1 L
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XPreamble.......................................... 4
2.1.1 Journal class file copernicus.cls ........................... 4
2.1.2 Journal class file copernicus2.cls ........................... 5
2.1.3 Discussion forum class file
copernicus discussions.cls ............................. 5
2.1.4 Included style files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Title and authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Abstract.............................................. 7
2.4 Introduction............................................ 7
2.5 Sectioning............................................. 8
2.6 Conclusions............................................ 8
2.7 Appendix ............................................. 8
2.8 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.9 References............................................. 8
3 Additional components 12
3.1 Figures .............................................. 12
3.2 Tables ............................................... 13
3.3 Math typesetting rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4 Chemical formulas and physical units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.5 Alternative texts for one or two columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6 Itemization and numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.7 Literature citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.8 BibT
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3.9 Times Roman fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.10Italicfonts............................................. 17
3.11 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 2
4 Journal-specific considerations 18
5 Reference sheet 18
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 3
1 Introduction
Copernicus Publications provides the Editorial Support Office and/or Publication Production Office for
a number of journals. These are:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP)
Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO)
Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO)
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT)
Advances in Radio Science (ARS)
Advances in Science and Research (ASR)
Biogeosciences (BG)
Climate of the Past (CP)
Drinking Water Engineering and Science (DWES)
Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
Geographica Helvetica (GH)
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI)
Geoscientific Model Development (GMD)
Geothermal Energy Science (GtES)
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
History of Geo- and Space Sciences (HGSS)
Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems (JSSS)
Mechanical Sciences (MS)
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics (NPG)
Ocean Science (OS)
Pattern Recognition in Physics (PRP)
Solid Earth (SE)
Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series (SMSPS)
The Cryosphere (TC)
Web Ecology (WE)
Manuscripts should be written in British English and the authors are responsible for correct spelling and
grammar.
In order to maintain a high quality, all manuscripts accepted for publication are typeset in the Copernicus
journal style by the Publication Production Office in L
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X.
Manuscripts must be submitted as electronic files via the Copernicus Office Editor web application.
Further information on how to prepare figure files, supplementary material, service charges, etc. can be
found on the individual journal webpages.
No further support for the obsolete L
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X version 2.09 is provided. The old syntax will still function,
but only with L
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X 2εin its “compatibility” mode. Since this mode is only meant for processing old
documents, that syntax is deprecated today. Here L
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X means L
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X 2ε.
General information on how to write papers in L
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X is provided in the basic manuals by Lamport (3)
and Kopka and Daly (2).
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 4
2 Setting up the L
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X manuscript
Authors who are familiar with L
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X should have no problems using the Copernicus L
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X package. Even
if the manuscript has already been written using standard L
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X without the Copernicus class files, it
will be easy to adapt it. The most important changes are inserting extra information to the title page
and to the header of each page.
The Copernicus L
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X package contains the following files:
•copernicus.cls,copernicus2.cls,
and copernicus discussions.cls
•copernicus.bst
•template.tex
•Copernicus Latex Manual.pdf
The template.tex file consists of all important commands which are supported by the copernicus.cls,
copernicus2.cls and the copernicus discussions.cls.
The meaning of the individual elements is explained in the following sections.
2.1 L
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X Preamble
The Copernicus L
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X package uses currently three different class files which have to be identified in the
\documentclass command.
2.1.1 Journal class file copernicus.cls
\documentclass[journal abbreviation]{copernicus}
The following journal abbreviations can be used:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics acp
Advances in Geosciences adgeo
Annales Geophysicae angeo
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques amt
Advances in Radio Science ars
Biogeosciences bg
Climate of the Past cp
Earth System Dynamics esd
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems gi
Geoscientific Model Development gmd
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences hess
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences nhess
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics npg
Ocean Science os
Solid Earth se
Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series smsps
The Cryosphere tc
To prepare a L
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X file in manuscript one-column style the following should be inserted:
\documentclass[journal abbreviation, ms]{copernicus}
Tables and figures together with the captions should be placed in the back.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 5
2.1.2 Journal class file copernicus2.cls
\documentclass[journal abbreviation]{copernicus2}
The following journal abbreviations can be used:
Advances in Science and Research asr
Drinking Water Engineering and Science dwes
Earth System Science Data essd
Geographica Helvetica gh
Geothermal Energy Science gtes
History of Geo- and Space Sciences hgss
Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems jsss
Mechanical Sciences ms
Pattern Recognition in Physics prp
Web Ecology we
2.1.3 Discussion forum class file
copernicus discussions.cls
To prepare a discussion paper for the discussion forum of a two-stage journal, the following forum abbre-
viations and commands should be inserted in the square brackets:
\documentclass[abbreviation, hvmath]{copernicus_discussions}
Forum abbreviations:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions acpd
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions amtd
Biogeosciences Discussions bgd
Climate of the Past Discussions cpd
Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions dwesd
Earth System Dynamics Discussions esdd
Earth System Science Data Discussions essdd
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions gid
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions gmdd
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions hessd
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions nhessd
Ocean Science Discussions osd
Solid Earth Discussions sed
The Cryosphere Discussions tcd
In the discussion forum style, the following differences apply:
•The sections created with \introduction and \conclusions are mandatory because in the online
version of the paper there are buttons linking to these sections.
•Authors are strongly encouraged to use the commands \label and \ref when referring to figures,
tables, and sections. For citations, the commands \bibitem and \citep (or \citet) should always
be used. If done correctly, they will automatically be converted into hypertext links when the online
pdf file is produced.
•An appendix should be avoided. If really necessary, the appendix section is placed before the
acknowledgements with \appendix \section{TEXT} and the corresponding appendix tables and
figures (labelled with Table A1 and Fig. A1) are shown after the regular tables and figures.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 6
•It is possible to produce the correct URL of the electronic supplement of your paper with the
\supplement{suffix}command. The suffix can be any of the file name extensions that are allowed
for an electronic supplement, i.e.: pdf and zip.
2.1.4 Included style files
The style files amssymb.sty,array.sty,color.sty,fix2col.sty,german.sty,graphicx.sty,
ifthen.sty,lineno.sty,multicol.sty,textcomp.sty,times.sty, and url.sty are automatically
included, if they are available. The functionality of natbib.sty and authblk.sty is also available in the
Copernicus L
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E
X package. Any additional macros or packages of the authors may be employed with the
\usepackage command as usual, provided that they do not change the page layout. However, the style
files must be submitted to the Publication Production Office along with the L
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X file.
The usepackage amsmath.sty should not be used, as it does not correspond with other
packages used by Copernicus style files!
2.2 Title and authors
As in standard L
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X, information for the title block is entered by means of the commands:
\title{...}
\author{...}
to which the Copernicus L
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X package adds:
\affil{...}
The text of the title should be entered with usual English sentence style: capitalize only the first word
and any word that is normally written capitalized.
There are two ways to enter the list of authors depending on the number of affiliations and other notes.
If there is only one affiliation, enter each author’s name singly with the \author command. Add the
affiliation with the \affil command after all authors:
\author{I.~M.~First}
\author{U.~R.~Second}
\affil{Copernicus Publications, G\"ottingen, Germany}
This results in:
I. M. First and U. R. Second
Copernicus Publications, G¨ottingen, Germany
If there are two or more affiliations, or if some additional note is required, then superscripts can be given
in square brackets, as for example:
\author[1]{I.~M.~First}
\author[2]{U.~R.~Third}
\author[1,*]{U.~R.~Second}
\affil[1]{Copernicus Publications, G\"ottingen, Germany}
\affil[2]{University of G\"ottingen, Department of Physics, G\"ottingen, Germany}
\affil[*]{now at: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany}
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 7
This produces:
I. M. First1, U. R. Third2, and U. R. Second1,*
1Copernicus Publications, G¨ottingen, Germany
2University of G¨ottingen, Department of Physics, G¨ottingen, Germany
*now at: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
If the list of authors and affiliations is larger than the allocated space, you can increase the height of the
title block with the \titleheight{...} command. The default is \titleheight{7.5cm}.
Some additional pieces of information are necessary:
\runningauthor{...} and \runningtitle{...} are the abbreviated list of authors and a short title for
the running heads, respectively. For the \runningauthor{...} the following options are possible:
•The author list consists of two authors:
I. M. First and U. R. Second
•The author list consists of more than two authors:
I. M. First et al.
\correspondence{...} contains the name and email address of the author to be addressed for corre-
spondence and proofs. Please include the email address in round parentheses, e.g.:
I. M. First (imfirst@xyz.org)
As usual, the actual title is produced with the command \maketitle which must be issued after all the
above has been given.
2.3 Abstract
For journal articles, an abstract must be inserted into the abstract environment.
For the copernicus.cls and the copernicus discussions.cls:
\begin{abstract}
TEXT
\end{abstract}
For the copernicus2.cls:
\abstract{
TEXT
\keywords{TEXT}}
Keywords are only used for Annales Geophysicae and are not necessary for all other journals.
2.4 Introduction
The introduction must be part of every manuscript. To ensure this, the command \introduction is
used. If you want to use a slightly different title, you can add it in square brackets, e.g.:
\introduction[Motivation]
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 8
2.5 Sectioning
The sectioning commands of the L
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Xarticle class may be used as normal, although their effects are
somewhat different.
\section produces a bold heading, flush left, in the normal font size.
\subsection produces a flush left heading in plain type.
\subsubsection is the same as \subsection except for the numbering.
2.6 Conclusions
The conclusions must be part of every manuscript. To ensure this, the command \conclusions is used.
If you want to use a slightly different title, you can add it in square brackets, e.g.:
\conclusions[Summary and conclusions]
2.7 Appendix
Appendix sections are inserted before the acknowledgements using the command
\appendix
\section{TEXT}
to create Appendix A. Every further use of \section{TEXT} will produce Appendix B etc.
Appendix figures and tables must be inserted after the \appendix command to use the automatic labelling
of Fig. A1, Table A1, etc.
2.8 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are to be included with the acknowledgements environment, as
\begin{acknowledgements}
TEXT
\end{acknowledgements}
There is also a corresponding acknowledgement environment for a singular acknowledgement.
2.9 References
The references must be put into the thebibliography environment, e.g.:
\begin{thebibliography}{}
\bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{jones90}
Jones, J. K., Thomas, P. R., and
Peters, R. F.: The best results
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 9
of fitting curves, J. Math. Dev.,
12, 1245--1261, 1990.
\bibitem[Jones and Thomas(1991)]{jones91}
Jones, J. K. and Thomas, P. R.:
More results of fitting curves,
J. Math. Dev., 13, 335--339, 1991.
\bibitem[Helliwell(1965)]{helliwell65}
Helliwell, R. A.: Whistlers and
related ionospheric phenomena,
Stanford Univ. Press, California, 1965.
\end{thebibliography}
The argument in square brackets (e.g. “[Jones et al.(1990)]”) is the citation that will appear in the
text when you cite this article, as explained in Sect. 3.7.
Alternatively, if you are using BibT
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X, you can use the BibT
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X style file copernicus.bst that is provided
as part of the Copernicus L
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X package, as explained in Sect. 3.8.
Works accepted for publication or published already should be listed alphabetically in the reference list
under the first author’s name. Works “submitted to”, “in preparation”, “in review”, or only available as
preprint, should also be included in the reference list.
Reference categories, their required elements and examples:
1. Article in Journal
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Article title
Journal title abbreviation
(please use Caltech Library Services:
www.library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations)
Volume
Page numbers
Year
Punge, H. J. and Giorgetta, M. A.: Differences between the QBO in the first and in the second half of
the ERA-40 reanalysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 599–608, 2007.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 10
2. Article in Journal with doi number
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Article title
Journal title abbreviation
Volume
Page numbers or article number
doi number
Year
Felder, M., Poli, P., and Joiner, J.: Errors induced by ozone field horizontal inhomogeneities into
simulated nadir-viewing orbital backscatter UV measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01303,
doi:10.1029/2005JD006769, 2007.
3. Book
Author(s), Editor(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Book title
Edition
Series title and volume (if any)
Editors (if not authors)
Publisher
Location
Total pages (optional) pp.
Year
Singh, O. N. and Fabian, P. (Eds.): Atmospheric Ozone: a Millennium Issue, Copernicus Publications,
Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 2003.
4. Article in Book
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Article title
Book title
Edition (if any)
Editors (if any)
Publisher
Location
Page numbers of article in book
Year
Eagleson, P. S.: Physical composition of the oceans and lakes, in: Dynamic Hydrology, EGU Reprint
Series, 2, Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 2003.
5. Presented Paper
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Paper title
Name of Meeting/Conference
Location of Meeting/Conference
Date of Meeting/Conference
Abstract number
Year
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 11
Keppler, F., Hamilton, J., Braß, M., and R¨ockmann, T.: An overlooked major source of atmospheric
methane: in situ formation in plants, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 2–7 April 2006,
EGU06-A-08188, 2006.
6. Presented Paper published in Conference Proceedings
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Paper title
Proceedings title
Name of Meeting/Conference
Location of Meeting/Conference
Date of Meeting/Conference
Abstract number or page numbers
Year
Iwata, M., Matsumoto, H., and Kojima, H.: Computer experiments on the plasma wave generation in
the vicinity of Earths bow shock, in: Proceedings of the 6th International School/Symposium on Space
Plasma Simulation Overview, Garching, Germany, 3–8 September 2001, 4–6, 2001.
7. Report, Map, Thesis, Dissertation
Author(s) (Initials always after last name!)
Title
Report designator (M.S., Ph.D., etc.)
Issuing Organisation/University
Location
Total pages (optional) pp.
Year
Monger, J. W. H. and Journeay, J. M.: Guide to the geology and tectonic evolution of the southern
Coast Mountains, Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont., Open File Rep. 2490, 77 pp., 1994.
Brown, R. J. E.: Permafrost in Canada, Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont., Map 1246A, 1967.
Kronberg, E. A.: Dynamics of the Jovian Magnetotail, Ph.D. thesis, International Max Planck Research
School, Universities of Braunschweig and G¨ottingen, Germany, 133 pp., 2006.
8. Webpages
Title
URL
Access date
Year (if not analog with access date)
Copernicus Publications: http://www.copernicus.org/COPERNICUS/publications, access: 2 July
2007.
If an article is available via the internet, an url address can be inserted before the year, e.g. “available
at: http://www.copernicus.org/, 2007.”.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 12
3 Additional components
3.1 Figures
Authors must provide electronic versions of all their figures. Vector graphics in the file formats eps
and pdf are preferred. For pictures, png and jpg are possible. Colour illustrations are accepted at no
additional charge. Authors are encouraged to make use of this feature. Figures are included into the
document with the figure environment. As an example, if a figure exists as an encapsulated PostScript
file named sample-figure.eps, then it could be included directly with the commands
\begin{figure}[t]
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{sample-figure}
\end{center}
\caption{TEXT}
\label{fig:sample-figure}
\end{figure}
For this to work, you must have the graphicx package, which is included in recent L
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X versions.
If you use pdfL
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X instead of L
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X, you must provide the orbit plot as either sample-figure.pdf or
sample-figure.jpg. You should give the graphics file name in the \includegraphics command without
an extension.
Figures stretching over both columns can be produced with the starred version, i.e. the figure* envi-
ronment:
\begin{figure*}[t]
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{sample-figure}
\end{center}
\caption{TEXT}
\label{fig:sample-figure}
\end{figure*}
It is possible to scale figures to the full text width or to the width of one column with the
\includegraphics command:
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{orbit}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{orbit}
If a figure is very large and split over two pages, the command \addtocounter{figure}{-1} can be used
between the figure environments to ensure that both parts get the same figure number, e.g.:
\begin{figure*}[t]
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{sub-figure1}
\end{center}
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 13
\caption{TEXT}
\label{fig:sub-figure1}
\end{figure*}
\addtocounter{figure}{-1}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{sub-figure2}
\end{center}
\caption{Continued.}
\label{fig:sub-figure2}
\end{figure*}
If the figures should be labeled with a, b etc., the following should be inserted:
\addtocounter{figure}{-1}
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\arabic{figure}a}
3.2 Tables
Tables are created with the tabular environment and included in the text within a table or table*
environment. The former is used for a table of single-column width, while the latter is for tables of two-
column width. The tables should be horizontally centered. The \caption command comes at the top.
For horizontal rules at the top, in the middle and at the bottom of the table, the commands \tophline,
\middlehline, and \bottomhline should be used, e.g.:
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{TEXT}
\vskip4mm
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\tophline
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
\middlehline
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
\bottomhline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
If a table is very large and must be split over two pages, the command \addtocounter{table}{-1} can
be used between the table* environments to ensure that both parts get the same table number, e.g.:
\addtocounter{table}{-1}
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Continued.}
\vskip4mm
\centering
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 14
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\tophline
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
\middlehline
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
COLUMN & COLUMN\\
\bottomhline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
3.3 Math typesetting rules
All papers typeset by Copernicus Publications follow the math typesetting regulations given by the
IUPAC “Green Book” (1993).
The summary is as follows:
•Physical quantities/variables in italic font (e.g. t– time, T– Temperature),
•Indices which are not defined in italic font (e.g. l,m,n,i,j,k,x,y,z,a,b,c),
•Items/objects which are defined in roman font (e.g. Car A, Car B, Car C),
•Descriptions/specifications (mostly in index to find!) which are defined by itself in roman font
(e.g. abs, rel, ref, tot, net, ice),
•Abbreviations (from 2 letters) in roman font (e.g. RH, LAI).
In addition:
•Vectors are identified in bold italic font (vector x).
•Matrices are identified in bold roman font (matrix A).
As a multiplication sign the L
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X command \times (always used for vector products, grids, and
3.7 ×10−3) or \cdot should be used. The character *should not be applied.
3.4 Chemical formulas and physical units
Chemical formulas and physical units often contain superscripts and subscripts. It is thus desirable to
use the L
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X math mode for them. However, according to the IUPAC recommendations by Mills et al.
(4), they must be typeset using the normal upright font whereas the L
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X math mode produces italics.
Therefore the Copernicus L
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X package provides the new commands \chem and \unit that should be
used for chemical formulas and physical units:
\chem{HSO_4^-} prints HSO−
4
\unit{mol\,dm^{-3}} prints mol dm−3
The metric system is mandatory and, wherever possible, SI units should be used. Also units should be
displayed using exponential rather then potential formatting.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 15
Several arrows are provided by L
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X for chemical reactions:
\rightarrow prints →
\rightleftharpoons prints *
)
\leftrightarrow prints ↔
\rightarrow should be used for normal (one-way) chemical reactions and \rightleftharpoons for
equilibria. Note that \leftrightarrow is reserved for resonance structures.
Using the equation and eqnarray environments, L
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X automatically numbers the equations as (1), (2),
(3), and so on. Articles in the geosciences often contain chemical reactions as well as physical equations.
For this purpose, the Copernicus class files provide the new environments reaction and rxnarray which
create labels including the letter R, i.e. (R1), (R2), (R3), and so on. The numbering of equations and
reactions is independent of each other. These new environments can be used in the same way as equation
and eqnarray, e.g.:
\begin{reaction}
\chem{O_3} + h\nu \rightarrow \chem{O_2} + \chem{O}
\end{reaction}
\begin{rxnarray}
\chem{O_3} + h\nu
& \rightarrow
& \chem{O_2} + \chem{O}\\
\chem{O} + \chem{O_2}
& \rightarrow
& \chem{O_3}
\end{rxnarray}
3.5 Alternative texts for one or two columns
Sometimes it becomes difficult to fit mathematical formulas into the narrow confines of a column in two-
column format, whereas they will fit with no problem into the wide columns of the one-column layout.
This often results in the author having to modify his formulas when changing between these layouts. The
new command \iftwocol allows both versions of the text to be included in one document, for automatic
selection depending on whether two-column mode is active or not. Its syntax is:
\iftwocol{yes}{no}
where yes is the text that is inserted if two-columns are in effect, and no the text that is otherwise taken.
For example, a line break may be necessary for the two-column layout where a space is sufficient for the
longer lines of the one-column layout:
\iftwocol{\\}{ }
This command may be used in other situations, but the main application is this mathematical one.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 16
3.6 Itemization and numbering
To itemize or enumerate text parts the following commands should be used. Each textpart should start
with \item\verb to insert a – or a number.
\begin{itemize}
\item TEXT
\item TEXT
\item TEXT
\end{itemize}
\begin{enumerate}
\item TEXT
\item TEXT
\item TEXT
\end{enumerate}
3.7 Literature citations
L
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X command example result
\citet{jones90} Jones et al. (1990)
\citep{jones90} (Jones et al., 1990)
\citep{jones90,jones93} (Jones et al., 1990, 1993)
\citep[p.~32]{jones90} (Jones et al., 1990, p. 32)
\citep[e.g.,][]{jones90} (e.g., Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[e.g.,][p.~32]{jones90} (e.g., Jones et al., 1990, p. 32)
\citeauthor{jones90} Jones et al.
\citeyear{jones90} 1990
The Copernicus journals use the author-year system of literature citation, which is not supported by
standard L
A
T
E
X. The Copernicus L
A
T
E
X package does support it, with and without the BibT
E
X program.
All commands explained here are also listed in the table above.
Since there are two ways of making a citation in the author-year system, either as “Jones et al. (1990)”
or as “(Jones et al., 1990)”, there are two variants of the original \cite command. Suppose the key for
the above reference is jones90, then use
\citet{jones90} for Jones et al. (1990)
and
\citep{jones90} for (Jones et al., 1990).
Optional arguments can be used to add notes inside the citation: a single argument behaves as in
standard L
A
T
E
X, i.e. it produces a note after the citation. However, with two optional arguments
(non-standard), the first goes before, the second after it. Two other citation commands are available.
\citeauthor{jones90} prints the author and \citeyear{jones90} prints the year of a citation.
For the above examples to function properly, either the bibliography style copernicus.bst must be used
with BibT
E
X, or the thebibliography environment must be formatted accordingly.
If you want to cite a web page (URL), you should use the \url command. This has two advantages.
First, no hyphen will be added if a line break appears within a long URL. Second, characters that
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 17
appear often in an URL but have a special meaning in L
A
T
E
X like ~and _can be used directly within
the \url command. For example, \url{http://www.xyz.org/~jones/idx_g.htm} will produce http:
//www.xyz.org/~jones/idx_g.htm and the direct link from the pdf file to the webpage.
3.8 BibT
E
X
The Copernicus L
A
T
E
X package provides the BibT
E
X style file copernicus.bst. If you use BibT
E
X, you
can enter the following two lines instead of writing the thebibliography environment manually:
\bibliographystyle{copernicus}
\bibliography{bib file}
Here, bib file refers to your bibliography file with the suffix bib.
A reference often contains a link to a web page (URL) or a digital object identifier (doi). If you use
BibT
E
X with the copernicus.bst style file, you can enter an URL or DOI in your bib file as e.g.:
URL = {http://www.xyz.org/~jones/idx_g.htm}
DOI = {10.1029/2001JD000942}
3.9 Times Roman fonts
If the times package with the Times Roman fonts exists in your L
A
T
E
X installation, it will be used
automatically. This package also replaces the sans serif font with Helvetica. If you do not have access
to PostScript fonts through L
A
T
E
X, then you must use the Computer Modern fonts that are standard.
Other PostScript fonts should not be selected.
3.10 Italic fonts
Accentuations should be avoided, but if really necessary, the text should be identified with italics, using
the command \textit{highlight}.
Latin names of plants, creatures, etc. should be identified in italics, but latin phrases like “in situ”,
“versus”, “a priori”, “et al.”, “i.e.” should stay in an upright font.
3.11 Miscellaneous
The Copernicus macros \permil and \degree produce the permil and the degree sign, respectively,
which are not part of standard L
A
T
E
X. The command \vec has been changed to produce a bold-face
italics symbol that is used for vectors (instead of the arrow over the symbol). To obtain the bold-face
upright font for matrices, use the standard L
A
T
E
X command \mathbf.
\permil prints 0
/
00
42\degree\,N prints 42◦N
100\,\unit{\degree C} prints 100 ◦C
\vec{x} prints x
\mathbf{A} prints A
In general, all units are seperated from the number using \, to create a small space.
Please remember that it is necessary to add “\”, i.e. a backslash and a space, if one of these commands
is directly followed by a space, e.g. “5 \permil\ or less” prints “5 0
/
00 or less”.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 18
4 Journal-specific considerations
Considerations for journals with German text
For journals with German text, two abstracts are required: one in German and one in English. The first
abstract is in the main language, the second in the other one. Simply put the two texts into two separate
abstract environments. The heading switching (and word division rules) will change automatically.
The package german.sty should exist on your system, and will be loaded automatically if it can be found.
This simplifies the typing of German texts, and selects German word divisions, if installed. To activate
the German text the following must be inserted in the command
\documentclass[journal abbreviation, german]{copernicus}
All environment names are the same as for English text. Thus the environments acknowledgement and
acknowledgements produce the headings Danksagung and Danksagungen, respectively. Similarly for
figure and table.
References
[1] IUPAC: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edn., Blackwell Science, available
at: http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/gbook/green_book_2ed.pdf, 1993.
[2] Kopka, H. and Daly, P. W.: A Guide to L
A
T
E
X—Document Preparation for Beginners and Advanced
Users, Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, MA, 3rd edn., 1999.
[3] Lamport, L.: L
A
T
E
X—A Document Preparation System, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2nd edn.,
1994.
[4] Mills, I., Cvitaˇs, T., Homann, K., Kallay, N., and Kuchitsu, K.: International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell Science, Boca
Raton, 1993.
5 Reference sheet
\accepted{date}enters the date that the paper was accepted for publication (to be inserted by the
Publication Production Office).
\affil{address}enters the affiliation that applies to all the previous authors since the last \affil
entry.
\affil[num]{address}enters an affiliation with the explicit superscript num.
\author{name}enters the name of one author.
\author[num]{name}enters the name of one author with the explicit affiliation superscript num.
\begin{acknowledgement}. . .
\end{acknowledgement} is a new environment for entering the text of one acknowledgement.
\begin{acknowledgements}. . .
\end{acknowledgements} is a new environment for entering the text of several acknowledgements.
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 19
\begin{reaction}...\end{reaction} is a new environment similar to equation for entering a chem-
ical reaction.
\begin{rxnarray}...\end{rxnarray} is a new environment similar to eqnarray for entering several
chemical reactions.
\bottomhline prints a horizontal line in a table with some space above it. It should be used at the
bottom of a table.
\chem{formula}prints a chemical formula using the correct upright font.
\citeauthor{key}prints the author of a citation as “Jones et al.”.
\citep{key}prints a citation in parenthetical form as “(Jones et al., 1990)”.
\citep[after]{key}prints a citation including a note after the main citation.
\citep[before][after]{key}prints a citation including two notes before and after the main citation.
\citet{key}prints a citation as “Jones et al. (1990)”.
\citeyear{key}prints the year of a citation as “1990”.
\conclusions[title]starts the conclusions section (optionally using the title title).
\correspondence{name (email)} enters the name and email address of the author to be addressed for
correspondence and proofs. Include the email address in round parentheses.
\degree prints the degree sign.
\firstpage{page number }enters the page number of the first page (to be inserted by the Publication
Production Office).
\iftwocol{yes}{no}prints alternative text depending on whether or not the two-column mode is
active. This is useful for alternative formatting of math formulas.
\introduction[title]starts the introduction section (optionally using the title title).
\middlehline prints a horizontal line in a table with some space above and below it. It can be used in
the middle of a table.
\permil prints the permil sign.
\pubdiscuss{date}enters the date that the manuscript was published in the discussion stage (to be
inserted by the Publication Production Office).
\published{date}enters the date that the manuscript was published in its final form (to be inserted
by the Publication Production Office).
\received{date}enters the date that the manuscript was submitted (to be inserted by the Publication
Production Office).
\revised{date}enters the date that the revised manuscript was received (to be inserted by the Publi-
cation Production Office and omitted if there were no revisions).
\runningauthor{text}enters the abbreviated list of authors that appears at the top of all pages (except
for the first page).
Copernicus Publications Latex Manual 20
\runninghead{name}is an obsolete command. Please use both \runningauthor{text}and
\runningtitle{short title}) instead.
\runningtitle{short title}enters the short title that appears at the top of all pages (except for the
first page).
\title{title}enters the title of the manuscript.
\titleheight{height}increases the height of the title block (default = 7.5 cm).
\tophline prints a horizontal line in a table with some space below it. It should be used at the top of
a table.
\unit{phys unit}prints a physical unit using the correct upright font.
\vec{...}prints a bold-face italics symbol used for vectors.
