Digital_Control_Handbook_1971 Digital Control Handbook 1971
Digital_Control_Handbook_1971 Digital_Control_Handbook_1971
User Manual: Digital_Control_Handbook_1971
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1971 mamooma CONTROL HANDBOOK produced by the Control Products Group Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard. Massachusetts Copyright © 1968, 1969, 1970 by Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its modular circuits in the manner described herein will not infringe on existing or future patent rights. Nor do the descriptions contained herein imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. FLIP CH IP-."il\ is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation II INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE K SERIES CONTROL LOGIC MODULES A SERIES LOGIC MODULES UNIVERSAL HARDWARE AND ACCESSORIES K SERIES APPlIC"TIONS CONTROL PRODUCTS NUMERICAL CONTROL PRODUCTS PDP-14 PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER CONTROL SYSTEMS TRAINING AND DESIGN AIDS ABOUT DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The production of a publication of this size and complexity can be achieved only through the efforts and cooperation of dozens of people. These include engineers, writers, artists, and production personnel. While it is impossible to cite all, a few individuals deserve special mention. Among these are: John Bloem of the Control Products Group engineering staff who prepared and assembled most of the technical material for this Handbook; Elliott Hendrick· son and his staff for their art direction and production assistance; and Joseph Codispoti for his editorial assistance. The cover of this Control Handbook was conceived and executed for Digital by Chris Murphy of Boston. September, 1970 IV FOREWORD The DIGITAL Control Handbook is presented by Digital Equipment Corporation as a practical guide to solid state control logic. It is written for those who specify, design, manufacture or use electronic or mechanical logic for control of equipment ranging from basic stand alone machines, to complex transfer and processing equipment, to sensitive laboratory instrumentation. This fourth edition contains information on the latest developments in Digital's products for control and documentation on current techniques of their application. For readers investigating solid state control logiC for the first time, this book is especially appropriate as it contains a meaningful orientation to solid state, showing its relationship to older forms of electromechanical control. Part of this orientation is comprised of a straightforward presentation on how to convert from relay to solid state logic. Several practical examples are given on how the conversion is executed. Of particular interest to machine tool builders and users, is the introductory documentation contained in this handbook on the new PDP-S based sys~ tem for direct numerical control. This edition also contains data on our substantially expanded line of analog logic modules, designed for a variety of industrial and other applications which require analog data handling with digital techniques. A brief description of the Corporation and its other products is also presented. Our staff of control products specialists in over 60 offices around the world and our home office applications engineering staff are ready to assist you in developing solid state controls for your needs. If you have such an application, contact us. If you don't-think you have an application, look over the material presented in this Control Handbook. It might change your mind. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Thumb Index III Foreword v INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE. 1 K SERIES CONTROL LOGIC MODU~ES . 6 Logic Symbology 18 Logic Module Data Sheets: Gating Modules, KOXX and KIXX . Flip-Flops and Memories, K2XX .. Timers, K3XX " ...................... . Manual Control Modules, K4XX . 55 Interface Module Data Sheets: Inputs, K5XX Outputs, K6XX . 28 77 91 103 124 K Series Hardware and Accessories: Accessories Containing Electronics, K7XX . Mounting Hardware, K9XX .. 150 173 --182 A SERIES ANALOG MODULES UNIVERSAL HARDWARE and ACCESSORIES 232 K SERIES APPLICATIONS 260 Construction Recommendations Relay Logic to K Series Conversion ." Sequencers, Introduction .... . Timer Sequencers. . ........~ .. . Counter Sequencers .. Shifter Sequencers ..... Polyflop Sequencers .. Using K303 Timers for Frequency Setpoint .. Estimating K303 Time Jitter .... Combining K with M Series Modules. Combining K with A Series Modules . Combining K with R Series Modules Pulse Generator From NAND Gates K531 Quadrature Decoder. Sensor Converters .............. . DC Drivers. Using K210s for Long Odd-Modulus Courtters . VI 262 268 286 288 289 291 292 293 294 295 297 299 300 301 303 307 309 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con't) K SERIES APPLICATIONS (con't.) Parallel Counters Annunciators ~ultiplexing Thumbwheel Registers with K581 Fixed Memory Using K281 , Pulse Rate Multiplier, Pulse Rate Squarer, Digital Integrator Serial Adder Stepping Motors, Introduction Basic Two Way Shift Register SLO-SYN Bifilar Motor Drive Responsyn Motor Drive Fujitus Motor Drive ElectrohydrauJic Servo Motor , Voltage to Frequency Converter Using A207 Current to Frequency Converter Using K303 Using K604, K614 with 240 V ,310 311 313 315 316 317 318 320 321 324 324 325 326 328 329 330 331 334 CONTROL PRODUCTS Numerical Control Products, Quickpoint-8 NC Tape Preparation System Direct Numerical Control 336 338 , 352 PDP-14 Programmable Controller 360 Control Systems 380 Training and Design Aids: K Series Logic Lab Computer Lab 382 392 ABOUT DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION 394 Warranty Statement and Discount Schedule 400 Price List and Numerical Index 401 Index 405 VII I Introduction toS61id State Control system complexity and demands on reliability are rising with everincreasing automation. More and more, control system designers are looking to solid state electronics for new answers to the old problems of reliability, complexity, and economy. Some of the answers are provided by solid-state digital logic deSigned for the industrial environment, and solid state analogdigital conversion to link analog sensors and actuators to digital control. Why Solid State? The time-honored way to do control logic is with the deceptively simplelooking relay. The metal-to-metal contact area sees physical and chemical actions of remarkable complexity. Even the mechanical-magnetic interactions are involved enough to cause problems now and then. Still, relays sometimes respond beautifully to simple maintenance. If the contacts stick, force them apart; if they are dirty, clean them. Railway signaling relays, operating perhaps a hundred times a day,' accumulate 25 years and a million operations without failure. And modern sealedcontact relays can do 10 billion operations under the right conditions without wearing out. So why abandon well-proven, reliable components? Don't, unless it is necessary! But it is becoming necessary in a growing number of applications. Reliability As profit margins grow tighter, and maximum process efficiency becomes a neCessity rather than an ideal, control system reliability assumes greater importance. Faulty operation and machine downtime can swiftly and disas- I trously cut into the profit picture. With a highly complex control system, check-out can easily become a very costly and time consuming operation. Many factors affect the reliability of a control system. A major consideration is the speed at which. the logic control elements must operate. At 1 KHz, near the maximum rate for dry reed delays, 100 million operations accumulate in about 30 hours. Longer·lived mercury·wetted contacts, operating 100 times per second, accumulate 10 billion operations in about four years. Even if a four year component life is enough, there are applications where 100 operations per second are not. Solid state logic, with nothing to wear out, stick, or corrode, can operate almost indefinitely at 100,000 operations per second. Complexity is another factor. Demands for more automation, more efficiency, more safety, more accuracy all result in increased control system complexity. As a result, the sheer numbers of logical decisions demand component reliability far greater than that acceptable in a small system. Solid state logic provides the degree of reliability needed in a large system, at reasonable cost. Size Even the tiniest-contact reed relay coil is enormous alongside a transistor, or a complete integrated circuit, and most small control systems are not built with reed relays: to get the advantage of ruggedness or standardization, usually all the relays used are built to 300 volt or even 600 volt specifications whether they drive external loads or just relay coils. But a single small printed circuit board can easily accommodate a half dozen or more relay equivalents in logic capability, in a small fraction of the space of one 300 volt relay. Computer Tie-In There are several levels of computer involvement possible, extending from incorporation of a computer as a part of an individual control system to the use of a central computer to monitor the performance of many independent control systems. Regardless of the level at which the computer interacts, its presence demands an interface between solid-state Circuitry and the controlled machine or process. If such an interface is forced into existence by the present or projected future use of a computer, why not put solid state control logic behind it and gain the benefits of solid state speed, compact· ness, and reliability throughout the entire system? Also, solid-state logic can communicate with existing analog sensors and actuators through solid-state analog-to-digital (AI D) and digital-to-analog (01 A) converters. All of these factors tend to make solid state control systems increasingly attractive, particularly as their costs come down. Who Should Be Designing For Solid State Controls? Broadly speaking, the decision between conventional relay controls and the new solid state controls, like most engineering deCisions, hinges on comparative overall costs. Where three or four or a half dozen relays can do the whole job, the cost of a solid-state interface will seldom be justified unless high speeds are required .. Very large or computer-oriented systems leave little justification for the use of relays. For intermediate systems, the comparison is more complicated. The tabulation below can serve as a framework for a systematic review of factors you should consider before you specify your next control system. 2 ! Factors Suggesting I Solid State Considerations FactO,rs Suggesting Relays Reliability Control system failure causes no panic. Temporary manual control acceptable. Simple system, easy to trouble shoot. Downtime cuts quickly into process profitability. Quick check-out of entire system in case of trouble desirable, instead of on-the-spot checking. Lives and property might be endangered by failure. Cost low cost relays acceptable. Maintenance costs need not be considered-. Personnel training costs important. Systern failures will not cause significant secondary costs. High quality relays used for comparison. Costs of failure high. Installation space costIy. Cost of future modifications must be considered. Maintenance costs over life could be important. Complexity Small systems" perhaps a Complicated systems, which half dozen relays or fewer. would require fifteen or more relays to implement. Sophistication \ Traditional performance still New levels of performance acceptable. are needed, calling for increased control system coml plexity to remain competitive. I Familiarity Controls must be serviced Environments already inby electricians who can not clude other solid-state combe retrained. ponents or they will soon be added. Also, mUlti-system installations where a few controls technicians will cover a lot of equipment. Growth No foreseeable use of com- Added perfo'rmance or safeputers. little likelihood of ty features may be wanted important modifications. later without tearing the system down. Computer tiein might become' desirable or is planned already. Size Plenty of space available. Relay equipment might require separate balconies, restrict maintenance of machinery, or block aisles. Features added later must fit original enclosu~e. Speed Control system delays of tens of milliseconds acceptable. Operating rate is low, relay wearout no problem. Compatibility with pulse tachometers, photoelectric pickups, electronic instruments l"equired. Closed-loop stability demands quick response. High repetition rate that would cause wearout of moving parts. 3 Why Digital? Relays, solenoids, switches, fuses, locks, counters, annunciators, panel lights and panic buttons all have one thing in common: they are digital. All these devices (when working properly) are up, down, on, off, in, out; but never inbetween. Strictly speaking, of course, you cannot get from on to off without passing through in-between. But digital devices pass through in-between at maximum speed, and without waiting around for doubt to creep in. Non-digital devices like panel meters, potentiometers, and slide rules work in the "in-between" area, producing outputs that are proportiona~ to the input. The angular position of a panel meter pointer is the analog of the magnitude of the electrical input. A potentiometer's voltage output is the analog of mechanical shaft position. In a slide rule, position is the analog of magnitude. In a slide rule, accuracy is limited by the thickness of the calibrating marks and the difficulty of estimating values between them. Each space is an area of· uncertainty. The same kind of uncertainty exists in every proportional electrical system, in the form of noise. In all but the most expensive analog equipment, the amount of noise, like Slide rule error, limits accuracy to two or three significant figures. Noise taken in this broad sense affects every proportional device. Noise is a major reason for the dominance of digital computers over analog computers where complex calculations are required. Small amounts of noise contributed by each analog input or computing element add up to degrade the accuracy of the answer. In digital circuits, the noise can be disregarded as long as it is below an "off" or "on" threshold level. Analog controllers and servo systems, chart recorders, panel meters, and small analog computers are often simpler and cheaper than their digital equivalents, and should be used wherever they can do the job. But since so many commonly used control devices (from relays to panic buttons) are digital anyway, all-digital control is convenient. For complex control situations, digital methods can deliver accuracy and perform types of control beyond the ability of an analog system at any cost. And using solid state digital control, analog and digital devices can work together through AI 0 and Of A conversion. Better still, noise-free direct digital sensors and actuators can be used in the design of new process equipment. Noise Immune Control Modules Because ,of their high sensitivity and speed, solid state components can respond to noise that relays would safely ignore. To use solid state logic with freedom from noise problems in the neighborhood of arcing contacts, brushes, welders, etc. requires special design considerations. Unlike analog devices, digital circuits have a noise "threshold" above which a noise or signal must rise to cause any change in the output of the circuit. It is this threshold that accounts for the superiority of digital circuits in pro· cessing information through complex manipulations without loss of accuracy. 4 'In the design of solid state logic for industrial use, this basic threshold feature of digital circuits can be exploited. By adding external capacitance, the speed, and thus the sensitivity, of the circuit can be lowered. Noise Suppose that on the basis of the above, you find you should be using solid-state digital logic. But will the system "drop bits," or otherwise go haywire in your environment? How well can noise trouble be anticipated, and what measures should be taken? How can you compare the noise immunity of competing manufacturers' circuits? These questions need some kind of answer before you can feel confidence in taking th~ step. A logical starting point is the noise itself. What is its amplitude? Its frequency distribution? How does it vary with time? With temperature? How many picofarads of coupling capacitance between the noise sources and the logic wiring? 'How many nanohenries of shared inductance in the logic and noise ground return paths? Right away you suspect these questions are going to be difficult to answer. You may be able to say that typical noise source voltages are "measured in kilovoltS" and are "strongest in the Megahertz frequencies." But going beyond such hazy estimates will require detailed knowledge of the physical conditions that interact to produce electrical noise .. You'll need to know the materials used in all metal-to-metal contacts, and the condition of the contact surfaces. You'll need the inductance and capacitance of the wires connecting them, the inductance and capacitance of the loads they drive, and the gases in the atmosphere surrounding the contacts. Even the exact routing of the wires will have to be examined. Is solid-state out of the question after all, because analysing the noise environment is impractical? No, solid-state can still be used, provided you use circuits designed specifically for noisy environments, where the focus is on qualitative rather than quantitative factors. 5 All incoming integrated circuits undergo cornputer controlled testing, with 40 de and 16 ac tests performed In 1.1 seconds. This 100% inspection speeds production by minimizing the diagnosis of component failures in module test. 6 K Series Control Logic Modules 7 K SERIES CONTROL MODULES I Computer-oriented logic, by its very nature, is high speed (1 MHz and above), and provides noise immunity far below that required in a process control environment. The upper frequency range of the K Series modules is 100 KHz, with provision for reduction tq 5 KHz for maximum noise immunity. These modules incorporate all silicon diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits, deliberately slowed through the use of descrete components. Either English (non-inverting) logic or NANDI NOR logic is compatible with K Series. The hardware for this series is specifically designed for standard mounting hardware can likewise be used for NEMA enclosures. FLIP CHIP rack-mounting, inasmuch as K Series ":,odules fit standard DEC sockets. connectors, used for years in applications from steel Proven FLIP CHIP mills to lathe controls, provide modularity. Even the connection between terminal strips and electronics can be plugged for installing the logic after field wiring is complete, and removing it quickly for modifications or additions. Checkout and trouble shooting is easy with K Series logic. Wherever possible, every system input and output has an indicator light at its screw terminal. A special test probe provides its own local illumination and built-in indication of transients. as well as steady states. Every point in the system is a test point, and consistent pin assignments reduce the need to consult prints. Construction materials and methods are the same as for other high",odules, including a computer-controlled operating production FLIP CHIP test of each complete module. K Series modules further offer the size reduction, reliability, flexibility, and low cost of solid state logic, with an added bonus of easy interconoection. FLIP CHIP industrial modules are ideal for interfacing high speed M Series or computer-systems to machinery and processes. Sensing and output circuits can operate at 120 vac for full electromechanical capability. Inputs from contact devices see a 1110derate reactive load to assure normal cont~ct life. Solid state ac switches are fully protected against false triggering. Voltages from the external environment are excluded from the wire·wrap connections within the logic. K SERIES SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY Frequency range: ~ to 100 KHz. Control points on the modules allow reduction to 5 KHz for maximum noise immunity for critical functions. Signal levels: Ov and +5v, regardless of fanout used. Fan-out: 15 rna available from all outputs; typical inputs 1-4 mao Waveforms: Trapezoidjil. No fast transients to cause cross talk. External capacitive loading affects speed only; no risetime dependence. Temperature range: -20°C to +65°C, using all-silicon diodes, transistors, and monolithic integrated circuits (0° to 150°F). (limited to O°C on the module types: K201, K202, K210, K211, K220, K230, K596). 8 Noise immunity: false "1":30 rna at 1.6v for 1.5 p.sec typical. false "0":3 rna at 3v for 1.5 p'sec typical. Time thresholds can be increased by a factor of 20 for critical points by wiring the slowdown control pins. Simple power requirements: Single voltage supply, +5v ± 10%. Dissipation typically 200 mw per counting or shifting flip-flop, 30 mw per control flip-flop, 10 mw per two-stage diode gate. Control system voltage: 120 VAC, 50 or 60 hertz. Mounting provisions: Standard NEMA industrial enclosures. May also be used in 19" electronics cabinets. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Construction Features K-Series modules include the quality features of older lines of FLIP CHIP modules: flame-resistant epoxy-glass laminates, all-silicon semiconductors, gold plated fingers and solid gold connector contacts. Thorough testing of each module is by computer operated automatic tester for most modules, or _by specialized equipment for those which are not amenable to automatic test. A test specification sheet or data sheet is packaged with each module, including a circuit schematic for that type. Monolithic or hybrid integrated circuits are included wherever they can improve the performance-cost ratio. Versatile mounting hardware imposes as few physical constraints as practicable. Outline drawings below show nominal module dimensions. STANDARD MODULE SIZES SINGLE -WIDTH FLIP CHIP MODULE CONDUCTIVE COMPONENT LIMIT 11/32 ! 0.056 NONCONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS 3/8 mox. ~------------------------~ ~l-=;~===~==D=-P=L=~=E=D=CON==T~==T=S~~====~~3lJL~ 1/16 MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF SOLDERED COMPONENT LEADS ETCHED WIRING SURF~E SINGLE - HEIGHT FLIP CHIP MODULE 9 DOUBLE-WIDTH FLIP CHIP MODULE CONDUCTIVE COMPONENT LIMIT 13/16 1 O.OM -r----i ~- NONCONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS 27132 max. t GOLD-PLATED CONTACTS DOU8LE - HEIGHT FLIP CHIP MODULE ':~ITEg r-=~ . , FI==F g T 1 2 '40 f .370 * 53116 AH ~ .140 ~ ~ AV t t o AU T L=1-1----. IA INI ec 8D If: IIf 8M 8J 2.240 8K 8l 8M lIN 8P 8111 IS BT 8U o BV 3/32 812 5'/'6 1.. : - - - - - - - · ------......-(.1 ---------404 5 1/2 Logic Signals There are no ultra-fast transients at any K Series output. Logic signal -1" and "0" levels are essentially independent of fanout. Rise and fall transitions have controlled slopes which are not strongly influenced by normal changes in fanout, lead length, temperature, or repetition rate. The fastest K Series trapezoidal logic signal can be fully analyzed with a 500KC oscilloscope. Logic "I" or "true" is +5 volts and lokic "0" or "false" is zero volts except where redefined by logic designer. Counters and shift "registers advance at the "I" to "0" transition and are cleared by a "0" level Any unused input may be left open. M Series Compatibility M S~ries outputs can drive K Series logic gates and output converters directly, and any K Series input after passing through a K Series gate, provided they meet timing requirements. See Applications Notes. 10 Loading Input Loading (Fanin)-Each K Series input requires a certain amount of drive to operate, thus imposing a load on the output driving it: The amount of load imposed by an input is defined in terms of the amount of current required to pull that input to ground. Logic gate inputs consume 1 milliampere per input. Other loadings range from 1 to 4 milliamperes as indicated by the loading numbers enclosed in squares on each specification diagram. INPUT LOADING: DRIVING CAPABILITY 1 MA PER INPUT EACH OUTPUT DRIYEN IN A "WIRED AND" IS A 3 MA LOAD FANIN AND FANOUT Output Loading (Fanout)-Each K Series output is capable of sinking a certain maximum amount of current to ground in the low state. The standard K Series output can sink 15 milliamperes to ground and can therefore handle a maximum of 15 inputs, each requiring 1 milliampere of drive. If K Series outputs are paralleled to obtain the wired AND logic function, each gate output is effectively driving the other and therefore, each output must be considered as a load on the others. To pull a typical output to ground requires 3 milliamperes of drive. When two or more K Series outputs are tied together, they produce a 3 milliampere load on each other. If, for example, the outputs of th.ree K123 gates are connected, the combined fanout is' reduced by 6 milliamperes, leaving 9 milliamperes of drive capability. A maximum limit of five outputs can be tied together reducing the fanout capability to three milliamperes. Operating Temperature . K Series modules are designed for operation in free-air ambient temperatures between -20°C and +65°C (O°F to 150°F) except. the following types which are restFicted to O°C (32°F) minimum: K201. K202. K210. K21l, K220, K230, K596. Speed Many applications for K Series modules involve operation at rates lower than relay speeds. Even at speeds many times faster than relay capabilities, timing need not be considered unless the logic includes a "loop". fA flip-flop constructed of logic gates is such a loop, in which the output at a given point feeds back to influence itself, thus demanping input durations longer than total loop delay. Proper operation of such loops should be verified by calcu· lation using the specifications below. For a complex loop an experiment should be made if possible to look for flaws in the calculations. When anticipated repetition rates will be of the same order of magnitude as rated logic frequency, more care is required in timing design. K Series circuits are intentionally slowed to the maximum extent practicable for 100 KHz operation, and the resulting propagation delays can limit complex logic systems to 50 KHz or 30 KHz repetition rates. Timing loops must be ex11 amined just as carefully in slow logic as in fast logic. If K Series speed ap· pears marginal or insufficient for the job at hand, use M Series high speed logic modules. OK SERIES TIMING Timing Characteristics for K113, K123, K124, K202, K210, K211, K220, K230 Min. Logic Gate Propagation Delay, Time Delay for output to rise to 2.5v after input is sensed. Output D only, when connected to pin B 0.5 Logic Gate Propagation Delay. Time Delay for output to fall to 2.5v after input is sensed. Output D only, when connected to pin B 0.3 Countl Shift input Propagation Delay, Output Rise. As above, but pin B grounded to pin C 2.0 Count/Shift Input Propagation Delay, Output Fall As above, but pin B grounded to pin C Rise time, all unslowed outputs, Kl13, K123, K124. (Ov to +5v) Pin 0 output only, when connected to pin B Falltime, all unslowed outputs, Kl13, K123, K124 (+5v to Ov) Pin D outputs only, when connected to pin B Minimum time between successive input transitions on any module which has one or more Countl Shift inputs. As above, but pin B grounded to pin C 7.5 4.5 10 Time (,usec) Typ. 2.0 40 1.0 20 5.0 30 1.0 10 4.0 30 2.0 30 7.0 140 .5 7.5 1.5 30 Max. 3.0 ISO 6.0 180 9.0 100 9.0 100 12.0 240 4.0 120 4 10 ExceptIons: Input transitions at pins J and K may follow other input transitions with delays down to zero; For characteristics not listed above, see timing information on individual data pages. NOTE: Count/Shift inputs are included in types K202, K210, K21l, K220, and K230 Noise Immunity Until recently. most industrial control designers were very skeptical of using logic modules in their control circuits. It was originally thought that these low logic level modules would be very susceptible to the large noise spikes which are so common in this industry. K Series modules, however, were specifically designed to work in noisey surroundings. Several noise rejection techniques were incorporated in their design, and operation in the field has proven that they can operate almost indefinitely under such conditions. Two properties of electrical interference often overlooked in evaluating logic noise immunity are its source impedance and its frequency distribution.· Unless the digital logic is spread over several feet or yards so that high potentials can be induced in the ground system, most noise will be injected via very small stray capaCitances and hence will have a high source impedance. The voltages at the noise source itself are usually measured in thou- 12 sands of vorts. Consequently, voltage thresholds alone cannot provide ade_ quate noise rejection. The noise appears to come from a current source, so that logic circuit current thresholds are' also an important measure of noise . immunity. Another means of controlling noise is by timing thresholds. Capactive-coupled interference is strongest at high frequencies. Logic circuits whicti respond slowly can reject high frequency interference peaks that exceed the current and voltage thresholds. Noise immunity in K Series modules is provided by a balanced combination of voltage, current, and timing thresholds. Techniques for increasing these noise reje~tion thresholds will be discussed in the remainder of this article. , Typical K Series noise thresholds are as follows: 1. To be falsely interpreted as a high (+5) level, a low (zero volts) K Series logic level must be raised 1.6 volts and held there for 1.5 microseconds. To do this would require 30 milliamperes to be supplied somehow from the noise source to the K Series output in question for this period of time. 2. To be falsely interpreted as low level. a high (+5) K Series logic level would have to be reduced 3.4 volts and held there for 1.5 microseconds, to do this would require 3 milliamperes to be supplied somehow from the noise source to the K Series output in question for this period of time. Voltage threshold: The typical K Series circuit is a single voltage threshold device. This means that the circuit will turn on (low to high) at the same voltage threshold as it will turn off (high to low). !.U~!!!}.y ________ ~~~~F INPUT I , , I I 1 OUTPUT - - _.... Some K Series modules, however, have a built-in feedback network which increases the voltage threshold necessary to switch from a low to a high output and decrease the voltage threshold needed to switch from a high to a low output. This results in a voltage gap between the turn on level and the turn off level, which is known as the hysteresis of the circuit. TURN ON 5V' HYSTERESIS ::JDJj¢.11JZ7.DnlF.£ZF¥.Rtfi!~URN OFF INPUT: ;---- I I 5V OUTPUT _ _ _...1 ----ov 13 Those K Series modules which contain hysteresis have voltage gaps from .5 to 1 volt in width, resulting in a higher voltage threshold necessary to turn the circuit on. As an example: suppose a circuit turns on at 2.4 volts and turns off at 1.4 volts, then it would require a noise spike 2.4 volts high and 1.5 microseconds wide to trigger a false high level. To be falsely interpreted as a low level, a high level (+5) would now have to drop 3.6 volts for 1.5 microseconds. Current thresholds: Current thresholds change with each variation in a circuit's voltage threshold. If a circuit has hysteresis, the noise source will need to supply the K Series output with even more current in order to cause a low level to be falsely interpreted as a high level, or a high level to be falsely interpreted as a low level. As an example: suppose a circuit has 1 volt hystersis; if the turn on voltage threshold is 2.4 volts, then the noise source will need to supply 60 ma to the K Series output for 1.5 microseconds to obtain a falsely interpreted high output. The current threshold necessary to falsely interpret a low (0 v) level will increase to 3.2 mao Timing thresholds: All critical K Series outputs contain a slowdown, which prevents operation at frequencies above 100KHz. Many modules also provide pin connections for further slowdown to 5KHz. As discussed apove most noise occurs at high frequencies, therefore the slower the logic circuits the more noise immunity. A typical example of slowdown in K Series: - - -'5V ----ov INPUT - - _... ------f.~ UNSLOWED OUTPUT ~7p.S~ 5V I I SLOWED I OUTPUT ----~ I-- I 14010'$ ~ -.f I 3010'5 ~ OV With 5KHz slowdown connected, 'a noise spike must now maintain the necessary voltage and current threshold levels for 30 microseconds instead of the typical 1.5 microseconds at 100KHz. If a particular point in a logic system is exceptionally noisy, a, capacitor can be hung to ground from that point. This method of noise reduction can be used because K Series logic does not care what rise time you feed it. One trap often encountered by users of slowdown circuits occurs when control flip-flop (sealed AND) circuits are implemented. All control flip-flops should be slowed and any output of another gate wire ANDed to the output of a control flip-flop should also be slowed. 14 RESET I I SET A I SET B L-o I I I DOTTED LINE SHOWS WIRE AND This precaution prevents noise problems in the system. Up to this point, only those methods which can be used to' minimize the influence of noise that has already entered a logic system have been discussed. Keeping noise out of a system, however, is far cheaper than electrically rejecting it. In this section, several methods of keeping noise ou.t of a system will be discussed. 1. Segregate logic wiring from field wiring. Never design input converters and output drivers so field wiring goes through the same connectors used to carry logic signals. Arrange to use opposite ends of printed boards for logic and field wiring connections, and never allow the two kinds of wiring to be side-by-side or be bundled together. 2. Never mix, logic ground with field ground. This does not mean that logic ground should float. Heavy currents should not pass through the logic ground system on their way back to a power ·supply. AC and DC isolation techniques used in K Series are as fololws: PC IsolatiOn-AC ,Input Converters and AC Isolated Switches use transformers to isolate AC voltages from the logic. The inductance of the transformer windings prevents AC noise spikes from penetrating the logic circuit. '~ AC VOLTAGE C --+ TO LOGIC - AC ISOLATION DC Isolation-DC Switch Filters and DC Drivers segregate high DC currents from the logic system ground by, separating the supply and logic ground with a small resistor. With this resistor isolation, any 15 heavy currents in th~DC ground level will be forced to flow t~rough the ground return wire and not through the logic ground (path of least resistance.) The isolation resistor looks like a very high reo sistance compared to the ground return wire of the load supply. + INTERNAL DC ISOLATION IN DC DRIVER MODUr LOAD SUPPLY GROUND RETURN LOAD SUPPLY r-.. -.. .-.. ..,.------------+----I ~--~ I CHASSIS GROUND 3. Use high·density packaging. Computer type modular construction minimizes lead lengths in the logic, minimizing the capacitive coupling between logic wiring and nearby field wiring. Dense packaging also cuts resistance and inductance'jn the logic grounding system, minimizing interference from any residual noise currents that may flow there. 4. Where logic 'and power circuits must be adjacent, us~ shielding. For example: a group of printed boards carring field circuits can be shielded from general purpose logic modules simply by inserting unetched copper clad boards in the sockets that separate the two groups. (Logic power must skip these sockets to avoid shorting the'supply.) A single ground connection to the shield board is perfectly adequate, since the noise currents it carries will be limited by the small capaci· tance involved. (W993 electrostatic shields may be used.) 5. Filter the line voltage where it enters supply output terminals. Supplies for filtered, if their wiring approaches logic for any other function or carry supply any reason. the logic power supply, or at' panel lamps should also be wiring. Do not use logic power output wires into the field for Power Requirements A simple 5 volt supply operates any K Series system. Tolerance at room temperature: ± 10%. K Series regulators K731 and K732 have a built'in temperature coefficient of approximately minus 1 % for 3°C(5°F) to obtain full logic fanout over' a wide temperature range and to minimize the temperature coefficient of K303 timers. Both regulators run from a nominal 12.6 volt center·tapped transformer secondary, with hash removed. See Construction Recommendations for information about alternate sources of logic power. Logic power is not used for contact sensing; 120 VAC is specified to provide full compatibility with silver contacts and noisy environments. 16 DEC engineer checks out part of a K Series control system. 17 K SERIES LOGIC SYMBOLS Symbols used in K Series diagrams are based on standard ICl-1965-158 for industrial controls issued by the National Electrical Manufacturers' Association ("NEMA"). For those not familiar. with this standard, the basic symbols are defined below, along with equivalent symbols from U.S. Military Standard Mil STD-806B. K Series modules are designed to allow a logical "1" to be. identified with the positive voltage level, and logical "0" with zero volts. The diagrams shown below follow this convention. Notice that except for tfm-ers, the two symbol standards are one-for-one interchangeable. For relay logic symbol conversion, see second Applications Note. C;ERIES SYMBOL I A· 8 (A AND II· . A a A AND a 0 0 0 o(FAL!E1 o(I"ALSEI o(I"ALKI ,, , . ·U··· f 0 , (TMlEI I A , , 0 o(I"ALSE) 0 I (TMlE) , (TAUE) f f I (TlltU[) 0 0 8 I ~ A.a NOTE: OVERSAR MEANS NEGATION If' A IS FALSE lIS TRUE. AND VICEVERSA 'D----c'V. 1..1 A NOT - AORa I A., (A Ollt a) 'N- AND I A OR (A AND I) I A·a ·D·VI ... .~ A.I ~ AND • MIL SYMBOL LOGIC FUNCTION (A Ollt I) OR I - [ill] o f , 0 18 AV i K SERIES SYMBOL . MIL SYMBOL LOGIC FUNCTION A 1111111111111111 ~ ~, z Y X W BINARY COUNTER ~ 'z y X Y L Z A Z X W BINARY COUNTE"R 1111111111 z W BCD COUNTER (BINARY-CODED DECIMAL) y X W BCD COUNTER ~BINARY-CODED DECIMAL) ~ I 0:L ~ DELAY~ ~ OFF DELAY (WITH GATED INPUT) % OFF DELAY (WITH GATED INPUT) -1 CONVERTS AC, DC, OR RESISTANCE TO LOGIC LEVELS AND VICE-VERSA CONVERTER CONVERTER CONVERTER -- .- 19 ~ . K SERIES lOGIC K Series is organized by groups according to ,the first number after the K. KNXX These groups are as follows: N==O N==l N==2 N==3 N=4 N==5 N=6 N==7 N==9 Gate Expanders Gating Memory (flip-flops, counters, etc.) Timing External Controls Input Converters Output Converters Power Hardware WHAT IT DOES. A. GATING-KIOO GROUP K Series gating modules combined with K Series gate expanders provide an extremely versatile method of implementing logic functions. Functions of high complexity can be implemented inexpensively using these gates and expanders. The basic K Series gates are the Kl13 Inverting gate and the K123 Noninverting gate. K113 K123 A INPUTS B The K1l3 performs the NAND function F (A7B) = The K123 performs the AND function F (A • 8) = Notice that each basic K Series gate shows two inputs with dotted lines. These are the expansion inputs, which allow functions other than NAND or - AND to be implemented. AN) I EXPANSION IINPlJT 20. The "AND" expansion input is used with the K003 AND Expander, to provide the AND or NAND function for more than 2 inputs. For example, with one K003 AND Expander connected to a K123 Non-inverting gate we create a five input AND gate. A B C o E Up to lob inputs may be connected to the AND Expansion input. The "OR" expansion input is used with the K026 "AND/OR" expansion gate, or the K028 "AND/OR" expansion gate. Used with the K012, the K123 (or Kl13) becomes a 4 input "OR" (or Nor) gate. F=A+B+C+O Up to 9 "OR" inputs can be connected to the_ OR expansion input. When the OR expansion input is used, and the AND inputs are also used, the output of the AND gate is "ORed" .with the OR expansion input. A B Ga(AeB)+C+O+E+F 21 The K003 can be connected to the OR expansion input as follows: A B c o We can now begin to see the power of K Series gating. For instance, the function (A • B • C • 0 • E) (F • G) H I J K can be simply implemented with I KI23, 2 K003, I KOI2 as follows: + + + + + A B C 0 OUTPUT E F G H I J K Producing functions with K Series logic takes some practice and ingenuity on the part of the logic designer, but once mastered will save money and time. ' Some of the other functions available in the"KIOO series are Binary_ to Octal Decoder Equality and Digital Comparators Rate Multiplier The Binary to Octal Decoder (KI61) takes a 3 bit binary number and produces one out of eight lines high. The fquality Comparator (K171) tells if two binary numbers are equal. The Digital Comparator (KI74) tells which of two binary numbers is greater. The Rate Multiplier (K184) multiplexes inputs of different frequency. 22 B. MEMORY...;...I(2QO GROUP K Series contains a full line of flip-flops, counters, shift memory accessories. reciStetS, and In flip-flops, there are set· reset types (K201, K206) and Data (K202) flipflops. The K202 Data flip-flop looks as follows: CLEAR OUTPUT OUTPUT (INVERTED) The 0 type flip-flop output goes to the state of the D input when the clock input falls from high to low. Notice the built in gates with expansion inputs on the clock and Data inputs. These allow simple input conditioning. K Series has two counter modules. The K210 is a binary or BCD up counter (4 bits). Using expansion gates, it can be connected to count anywhere from 2 to 16. BINARY/BCD The K220 is a binary or BCD up/ down counter which can be parallel loaded. With these two counters, virtually any counting function can be easily implemented. The K230 4 bit shift register can be used in many shifting applications. Like the K220 counter, the K230 shift register can be parallel loaded. DATA IN 23 DATA LOAD Several very useful memory accessories are the K271 and K273 retentive memories. These modules contain mercury wetted relays which can follow important data in a system, and retain' that data should a power failure occur. The K273 for example contains 3 relays which can follow 3 bits of information. The retentive memories are an example, of the wide versatility of K Series logic. C. TIMING-K300 GROUP The K300 series contains modules used for clocks, delays, and one-shots. The K301, and K303 are delay modules with a range of 10 us to 30 seconds. I 113 I K003 •• To -OFF DELAY The K303 contains 3 delays, and when 2 of these delays are connected in the proper manner, they become a clock. The K323 is a one·shot, which converts an input transition (Hi to Lo) to an output pulse from 10 us to 30 seconds. The K333 provides three pulser circuits which produce variable output pulse widths. The K300 series also contains a full compliment of timing component boards, which bolt directly on the timing modures. These timing component boards contain convenient controls for setting to exact time required. TIMING M)OULE BLOCK HSOO D. EXTERNAL CONTROLS-K400 GROUP The K400 series contains modules for controlling K Series systems from switches, thumbwheels, Nixies and indicator lights. They are physically designed to be mounted using a K950 control panel.(optional) to provide a' neat external control panel. 24 The modules in the K400 series are K410 Indicator Lights 5 Indicator Lights K415 Nixie Display K420 Switches 3 switches with built in switch filters K422 Thumbwheel Encoder 2 Thumbwheels (0-9) with circuitry to produce BCD outputs K424 Thumbwheel Decoder 2 Thumbwheels with circuitry to detect any BCD digit. K432 Timer Control Various timing components to ~e useQ with K300 series modules. E. INPUT CONVERTERS-K500 GROUP K500 series modules are used to convert various input signals to K Series . logic levels. 'Some of these are as follows: 25 K501 Sch m itt trigger This is used to change a sloppy wave shape to a good wave shape. tVO~---~Off INPUT ~ I I I I I I I • TIME I I 1 V________~__..._j.~ OUTPUT .._ _ _... TIME K522 and K524 Sensor Converters The K522 and K524 are basically operational amplifiers (high gain) used to convert resistance changes to logic levels. They can be used with variable resistance devices such as photo'conductive cells. K578 120 VAC Input Converter This module is used to convert 120 VAC Inputs to logic levels. The inputs to the converters are thru transformers which provide sufficient reactive load to keep contacts clean. K580 and K581 Dry Contact Filters These filters are used with wiping type switches, and provide a voltage divider t9 change a high DC voltage to K Series levels. SWITCHl OUTPUT WITHOUT ~ r~~NTACT: FILTERS ..._ _ _"--_ _ _ _ BO_U_N_C_E_ _.... - SWITCHl OUTPUT WITH FILTERS r TIME . ~--~------------~.~TIME F. OUTPUT CONVERTERS-K600 GROUP The K600 series modules are used to convert logic levels to various voltages used external to the logic system. Some of these are as follows: K604 Isolated AC Switch These are used to turn on and off AC devices such as solenoids, AC valves, small motors, motor starters, from logiC levels. The K604 has 4 switches, each of which can handle 200 volt-amperes. Other Isolated AC switches (K614, K615) can handle up to 500 volt-amperes. K644 DC Driver The K644 is used as a switch to drive stepping motors, DC solenoids, and similar devices rated up to 2.5 amperes at 48 volts. Other DC drivers are available for up' to 4 amps or 250 volts. (K650, K652, K656, and K658). 26 K671 Dec i ill a I Decoder and Nixie Display The K67.l contains a side viewing Burroughs type nixie ,glow tube, and a decimal decoder. The glow tube is mounted at .the end of a 12 inch flexprint cable for easy mounting. One type K771 power supply is needed for each 6 nixie displays. G. POWER-K700 GROUP Power is supplied to a K Series system by K Series power supply modules. K730 Rectifier for 10vdc and approx. 16vdc and sensing logic for 5vdc K731 Rectifier Regulator tor 5vdc K732 Slave Regulator K741, K743 Power transformer + A K Series power supply is made up of a K731- and some number of K732, and K741 or K743's depending on the current requirement of the system. For example, 1 to 3 amp load requires 1 K731, 1 K732, 2 K741 or 1 K743. H. MOUNTING HARDWARE The hardware available for K Series is very convenient. The basic system is built from HSOO sockets (8 slots per socket) mounted on a K941 m,ounting bar, mounted on a K940 bracket, mounted on the equipment mounting panel. Also 19" rack assemblies are atailable with power supply (16 sockets) or without power supply (64 sockets). Also module drawers are available. A complete line of tools is available for wire wrapping the system, along with jumpers and bus strips. • 27 \KI GATE EXPANDERS t '--_______K_OO_3_,_K_Ol_2_,_KO_2_6_K_O_2_8_ _ _ NEMA ~~ MIL I I I F ~ 1' ~ .E 1 I H I 1 J I I :P M L I N I P I I ~ T $ J ffi=b ffiTI 1 M N 1 P K003 5 U 1 I V L. T 1 I U FE. . H . V KOO3 AND expander: May be connected to the AND expansion node of any K Series module. NEMA MIL E ~ mw- ~ :=D --- I N P T" I U F 1 H J __ L ~ L I M 1 __ _ , M 1 N p.. - P s S __ _ v . tS,003 :=b 1 T 1 U , V __ KOO3 AND/OR expander: May r,e connected to the OR expansion node of any K Series module. KOO3-$5 KO 12-$8 K026-$8 K028-$8 28 Mil NEMA K012 K012 OR expander: May be connected to the OR expansion node of any K Series module. Mil NEMA K026 K026 AND/OR expander: May be connected to the OR expansion node of any K Series module. 29 NEMA MIL K028 K028 AND/OR expander: May be connected to the OR expansion node of any K Series Gate. These inexpensive gate expanders. offer great logic flexibility and versatility without a proliferation of module types. Logic functions performed byexpanders are illustrated in combination with the K113 and K123 gates in several pages that follow the data sheet for the gates themselves. It 'must be clearly understood that the gate expanders above are merely expansions for other K Series gates and can never be used as separate AND or OR functions. Each K003 expander module has a .01 uf capacitor avaitable at pin B which may be used to implement logic delays as shown in the Application notes or to further reduce the speed of a K Series output. Caution: Pin C on K028 expanders should not be' bussed to ground unless function 8-C is not used. 30 II SE~ES I CABLE CONNECTOR KOSO KOSO FLEXPRINT CABLE CONNECTION 0 oA 0 oB 0 oC 0 00 0 oE 0 OF 0 oH 0 OJ 0 OK 0 OL 0 OM 0 ON 0 op 0 OR 0 oS 0 OT 0 ou 0 ov " The KOSO cable connector consists of a single height, single thickness board on which can be mounted a 19 conductor fJexprint cable. Each module comes with a cable clamp for customer convenience. / K080-$3 31 I iKI LOGIC GATES '--_ _ _K_l_12_,_Kl_l_3_,K_l_22_,_K_12_3_,_Kl_2_4_ _----' ~ ¥IL NEMA Kl12 and Kl13 INVERTING GATE MIL NEMA Kl22 and Kl23 NON-INVERTING GATE K112-$12 Kll~$11 K122-$13 K123-$12 K124-$14 32 NEMA Mil I K124 AND/OR GATE Together with the KOO3, K012, K026 or K028 expanders, these gates perform any desired logic function, including AND, OR, AND/OR, NAND, NOR, exclusive OR, and wired AND. logic gate type K123 is an AND/OR non-inverting gate subject to expansion at either the AND or the OR node. logic symbols and equivalent schematics are compared in the following illustrations. Typical pin connections are shown. The AND input can be expanded up to 100 AND inputs total using pins E,l, and S. Up to 9 OR expansion inputs can be connected to the OR expansion pin (J,P, V). More OR expansion inputs can be added if faster fall times are acceptable. Both AND and OR functions can be expanded at the same time. Examples of gate expansion are shown in following pages. Expansion of the K113 inverting gate is identical. The equivalent circuit is the same except for inversion in the output amplifier. The K124 provides a convenient way to imptement non·inverting gate control flip-flops, exctusive ORs, and two term OR logic equations without the need for expanders. The module is electrically the same as a K123 gate with a K003 expander. Of the three circuits on each module only one has a slowdown capacitor that c.-n be connected to the output to increase noise rejection when the gates are interconnected to make control flip-flops. Use of this capacitor increases rise and fall time by approximately a factor of 20. The maximum speed of each unslowed gate is 100KHz and the maximum speed of a slowed .gat~i is 5KHz. 33 The K112 and K122 modules are logically identical to the K113 and K123 respectively. They feature maximum speeds of 1KHz with a single connection on one circuit for slowdown to 50 Hz. This added slowdown feature gives these two modules an even greater level of noise immunity. 34 · SLO~DOWN AND DELAY To show the effects of slowdown and delay-connections on K-Series outputs, suppose a pulse entered a K123 Non-Inverting Gate: the following outputs would be reaHzed. INPUT---~ D CONNECT FOR SLOWDOWN J CONNECT .01~ f FOR DELAY 'J CONNECT FOR SLOWDOWN J \ . CONNECT .01~ f T FOR DELAY Time shown above are typical values and should not be considered exact. Delay times are increased by 10",5 for each .01",f capacitor connected to pin J. \. 35 SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC LOGIC SYMBOL r-----------, NEMA H +v F , o K123 I I HI 8 ,..-._......:1_0 I ID . OR EXPANSION I INPUT MIL I L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...l H BASIC GATE F; - - - - - -;oo,l +v I :~ ----A.- -j NEMA o F r - - - HI MIL ID I L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I ...l K003 AND EXPANSION Fr E - - - - - - - - ~K;;3"" +v I H HI NEMA I _ _-....:.,_8 0 I 10' H I L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...l F J H r - - - - - - - F I MIL F ~003' +v I HI L _ _ H _____ J o K003 OR EXPANSION 36 I LOGIC SYMBOL SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC· E r - - - -------..., 1 -1O--+--A,/\/Y-o-F..... +v K 123 I HI o I ,8 I 10 NEMA 1 I I L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .J ~ J r--- -------..., I F, +V K003 I I HI L __________ ..J F H - -___~ o E . F; - _E_ - _je: -- -;0031 F MIL H ::; :1 .f I +V : L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...J F H K003 AND/OR EXPANSION (K026 MAY ALSO BE USED) E r-----------, +v F, HI K123 I I ,8 0 F H NEMA o I 1 L _______ . ___ .J 0 E F ~j J r----------:-, 0, KO'2 I , F--~-"'" H ----,~_._~ MIL I +1/ FI I I +V o HI E I F H 1+1/ L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .J K012 OR 'EXPANSION 37 0 The basic types of logic functions obtainable by expansion are shown below for the K123 non-inverting gate. Logic functions for the expanded K113 inverting gate are identical except for inversion of the output. Letters refer to logic signal names rather than module pin numbers. A~ A B~AB ~ B AB+CD+EF I BASIC NON . INVERTING GATE I UP TO 9 Olt ElCPANSIOIU A ABcDEFGH B c • 0 E ....- - -..... - , F G H I UP TO 100 INPUTS A B OR EXPANSION LOGIC FUNCTIONS WITH GATE EXPANSION / ~8 - UP TO 100 AND INPUTS UP TO tOO AND INPUTS I I I A B C---,,_~------, o E F G (ABCOEfGH..... )+ (IJ~.... .). K (RSTUVWXYl. ... )+ t .................. .)+ N o P-"""""1L . ~---' UP TO~OO ANOINPUTS R S I I I UP TO 9 . OR EXPANSIONS w X Y ~--''---_--'' : 1otoo UP AND INPUTS 39 NAND, NOR, EXCLUSIVE OR The Kl13 inverting gate performs the NAND function directly, and performs the NOR function when combined with a K003 expander. With proper input connections, the K124 non-inverting gate performs the exclusive OR function. AB-o-®B 113 - K113. AS A , 8 0 AS 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 NAND FUNCTION OF BASIC INVERTING GATE A A+8 B ·UNtJSEO INPUTS ACT AS ONES 'R A 8 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 NOR FUNCTION OF BASIC INVERTING GATE WITH EXPANDER J A 8 Awheels. If more than four bi.ts are to be compared, several compara~ors may be cascaded as shown below. Note use of K003 as if expanding an "OR" to control the state of the output for the case of equal input numbers. be The output at Pin K would normally low for equality without the K003 connected to Pin J, but with it connected, Pin K is high for equality as shown below. K174-$24 50 TWO DIGIT COMPARISON OF THUMBWHEELS AGAINST K210, ETC . ..-Jo.;....~--.I..:..;,...~~_ _ _ _~~-'=-...J.;~.D:.. THUMBWHEEL SWITCH THUMBWHEEL SWITCH WITHOUT :6~~1PUT LOW FOR EQUALITY If the numbers being compared are not multiples of 4 bits then one· of the inputs on each unused comparitor position must be connected to +5 and the other one to the ground. The K174 can also be used to obtain three independent outputs for fUll greater-than, equal-to, less-than capability. The application below takes advantage of the fact that if A is equal to B, K will go high if J goes high and K will go low if J goes low. A<8---A-------------------~ A>B------------------------------------------~ In certain applications, it is possible to make a single K174 oscillate if A=8. This is done by inverting the output at pin K and feeding it back to pin J. 51 . IrKl RATE MULTIPLIER ' -_ _ _ _ _K_l_84_ _ _ _ _ NEMA ~~ MIL The K184 Rate Multiplier is basically a frequency multiplexer, although it has been used in several other applications. Pulse inputs of specific frequencies are wired to the FF inputs and a four bit binary fraction is presented in re,llerse order to the corresponding G inputs of the K184. Both sets of inputs produce an output pulse train which is a multiplexed combination of the pulse inputs provided. Each transition from "0" to "I" at an FF input produces a 51-1 sec output pulse to ground if the corresponding G input has been high for 51-! sec or more. Inputs are not rise-time sensitive and outputs from several rate multipliers may be combined to give any desired preCision, pulse widths may be increased by connecting additional capacitors to pin J of the KI84. Resistors must not be connected to this point. Rate multipliers are primarily useful in numerical control applications, such as those described in the following magazine articles: • "linear Interpolation" Control Engineering, June '64 p. 79 "Curvilinear Interpolation" Control Engineering, April '68, p. 81 "Many Digital Functions Can Be Generated With A Rate Multiplier" Electronic Design, Feb. 1, '68, p. 82. In addition, the KI84 can provide several other useful functions that take advantage of its internal complexities, shown below. Examples of both classes of use can be found among the applications notes. . Kl84-$25 52 N U 5 ~see PULSER ADO 3600pf PER EXTRA 5 Jlsec PULSE WIDTH DESIRED J - 1_ ".r.' ~ ~:- PL-003S LOGICAL EQUIVALENT OF KI84 RATE MULTIPLIER The following is an example of how the KI84 operates using a K2IO counter as a pulses input source. The pin N output of a K2I0 will make a low to high transition for every other clock pulse the counter input makes. This means that its frequency will be ~ that of the count input f,. The pin R output of the K2I0 pulses once for every four count inputs, giving it a frequency of Y.t the count input f,. The pin T and V frequencies are Ys and K6 of the count input frequency f,. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 f, PIN N -, _ PIN R L L L PIN T PIN V. K2I0 BINARY·CLOCK COUNTER OUTPUTS GENERATED BY f, 53 If these K210 outputs are connected to a Kl84 as shown below, the frequency of the output of that Kl84, Pin 0, can be programmed by selecting which G inputs will be high. r - - -.......-~t---....--Q+V SWITCH SUPPLY SET BINARY FRACTION, F (0000 ... 11 to AVERAGE, OUTPUT FREOUENCY to = f, xF INPUT PULSE FREOUENCY f, . If just pin' U is high then the output frequency fo of the Kl84 will be Y2 that of the K210 count input f,. If pins U a.nd S of the Kl84 are high then the output frequency fa will be ~ (1'2 % ~) that of the K210 count input f,. The maximum frequency output fo of a single Kl84 is 1~, (1'2 ~ Va Ji', IX,) that of the K210 counter input. This maximum frequency occures when all Ginputs of the Kl84 are high (Pins U;S,P,M). + = 54 + + + = IIKl FLIP·FLOP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _K_2_01_ _ _ _ _...... ~ MIL NEMA This superslow memory simplifies sequencing of machine motions, and finds. other applications where the ultimate in noise isolation is needed and speed is no problem. ~Its 1 KHz maximum repetition rate makes this flip-flop noticeably more resistant to extremely noisy surroundings than faster types like K202, K210, etc. So noise immune, in fact, that several yards of wire may be connected to K201 outputs even in severely noisy areas without errors. The K201 flip-flop input gating is designed to respond to the time sequence of two inputs rather than to their simple AND function. Level inputs E, H, M, and P must be high at least 400 ~s before the pulse inputs D, F, L, and N- make a high to low transition. The flip-flop will compliment if the Sand R inputs are pulsed at the same time. The input minimum noise rejecting time thresholds are 100 ~s. Successive input transitions must not be closer than 400 ~s. Grounding pin J causes pins T and V to go high and pins Sand U to go low, regardless of the state of any other input except clear inputs. Each flip-flop circuit on this module has. a separate clear input (pin K and R). If either of these inputs is grounded the ZERO output of that specific flip-flop will go high and the ONE output will go low unless the set input is grounded. There is also a common clear, Pin B, which when grounded, forces pins S and U high and pins T and V low, except when pin J is grounded. If any clear input and the SET input pin J are grounded at the same time, the outputs will be undefined. . K201-$39 55 I IIKl FLIP·FLOP ......_ _ _ _ _K_2_02_'_ _ _ _----' NEMA ~ Mil CLOCK CLOCK CLEAR K202 flip-flops do shifting, complementing, counting, and other functions beyond the capabilities of simple set-reset flip-flops built up from logic gates. They also may be used to extend K210 counters or K230 shift registers. When the output of the clock gate falls from high to low, the information at the OR input (pins O-J, loP) is transferred into the flip-flop. Pin J (or P) is ORed with the pin 0 (or l) input. Like pins J and P of a logic gate, these pins can be driven' only from a KOO3, K012, K028, or K026 expander. Time is required for flip-flops and delayed inputs to adjust to new signals. The clock gate output must not fall to zero s,ooner than 4 jA.sec after its own rise, the end of a clear signal, or a change on associated data input pins. A K202 flip-flop is cleared by grounding the clear input pin. The flip-flop is held in the zero state as long as the clear input is zero volts, regardless of other inputs. When using a K202 flip-flop to extend the length of a K230 shift register, pins B on both modules must be left open (unslowed). Pin B slows the clock hiputs of the K202 for complementing correctly at slow speeds in very noisy surroundings; but the data inputs are not affected by pin B. K202-$27 56 Complementinc: Below is shown a complementing application. Here th.e information stored at the data input is the opposite of the flip-flop'S present state. Each time the clock gate output changes from "1" to "0". the opposite of the current state is read in. COMPLEMENTING PULSES I I I I I I I ~ OUTPUT I I ---1 I ~_:----iL K202 COMPLEMENTING Shift Register: The diagram below shows two flip-flops connected as a twostage shift register. At each step the incoming signal, whether high or .ow, is set into the fi·rst stage of the register, and' the original content of the first stage is set into the sec,ond stage. The input to each flip-flop must be stable for at least 4 microseconds before another shift pulse occurs, for reliable shifting. SHIFT PULSES I I L K202 2-STAGE SHIFT REGISTER Note: In older systems of logic, most flip-flop functions had to be performed by ge.neral-purpose flip-flops like the K202. The K Series, however. includes functional types K210, K211, K220, and K230 which are both less expensive and easier to use than the K202 for most applications. Think of the K202 pri- . marily as a complementing control flip-flop and register extender. 57 IKI FLlp·FLOP REGISTER _ _ _ _ _ _K_2_06_ _ _ _ _ _ ~ NEMA 8 READIN ENABLE o K206 FLIP-FLOP REGISTER Mil REAOIN ENABLE K206 FLIP-FLOP REGISTER The four set-reset flip-flops in the K206 are arranged for convenient addressing from the. outputs of a KI61 Binary to Octal Decoder. The flip-flop outputs can then be wired to control and maintain the state of corresponding output drivers, providing addressable output conditioning from teletypes, computers, or fixed-memory sequence controllers. In addition, the same decoder may be used to address a particular K578 input sampler by grounding the K206 enable input when flip-flop changes are not desired. Pin E enable fanin on the K206 is reduced to 2 milliamperes when K161 addressing is used. Since most control systems have about half as many digital outputs as inputs, it is convenient to use the least significant bit of the K161 address to determine which flip-flop state is wanted. Odd addresses allow for setting; even addresses, resetting. All flip-flops may be reset together by grounding the clear input, pin K. This clear input takes precedence over all other inputs. When pin E is high, a logic "I" at an S input will set the output to a logiC "1" and a logic "1" at an R input will reset the output to a logic "0." Sand R tnputs should not be allowed to go high at the same time while the flip-flop is enabled _ _ Anyone or all flip-flops may be changed when pin E is high. K206-$20 58 11K! COUNTER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _K2_10_ _ _ _ _-...I ~ NEMA _-----f F 3 H COUNT 3 MIL COUNT PL-0235 The K210 is a binary or BCD counter that can be wired to return to zero after any number of input cycles from 2 to 16. Count-up occurs when the COUNT gate output steps to zero. Decimal counting logic is built in; when pin D is unused, the counter resets to zero on the next count after nine. When pin D is grounded, the counter overflows to zero, after a count of 15. (Pin D is not intended for dynamiC switching between binary and BCD counting.) The counter is reset by grounding the clear input for 4 microseconds or more. A positive level at the J input from a KOO3 expander also resets the counter on the next high to low transition of the COUNT gate output. Counts of 10 or 16 DO NOT require the use of a KOO3 expander since they can be obtained with pin D. Wire the KOO3 as a decoder to detect one count less than the desired modulus. (Detect 5 for a count·of-6 counter, etc.). Use the K424 Thumbwheef Decoder if manual reset control is desired. K210-$27 59 8 J 2 4 COUNT , 0' DETECTS COUNT OF 5 +6 ...- - - - K210 CONNECTED FOR COUNT OF 6 To count .above 10, around pin D. Combine two Ko03 expanders as Ihown below, where three counter outputs must be lenled (to divide by 8, 12, 14 or 15). INPUT ~t5 OUTPUT K210 CONNECTED FOR COUNT OF 15 Time is required for flip·flops and pin J reset logic to adjust to new inputs. The count ,ate output must not step to zero sooner than 4.0 t'S8C after its own rise, a change at pin J, or the end of a clearing sianal at pin K. When pin 8 II sroundedfor Ilowdown, allow 50 t'MC. Larger counters are obtained by caseadin, K210'I or addin, K202 flip·flops. To cascade K210 modules, wire the most significant output of one counter to the input gate of the next. Inputl to the least significant stale can be either pulses or logic transitions to ground; risetime is not important. Any transducer such as a switch, photocell, pulse tachometer, thermistor probe, or other compatible with K508, K522 or K524 input converters can 60 I.n.rate the silnal which is to be counted. The lack of Input risetime restrictions may allow transducer outputs to drive K210 counters directly if damaging transients can be avoided, as when the transducer shares the Ioaic system environment. For visual readout of binary-coded decimal counters, the four outputs from each K210 may be connected to corresponding input pins on a K671 decodin, driver an~ display_ INPUT K210 AUGMENTED WITH K202 FOR COUNT OF 32 61 IKI PROGRAMABlE DIVIDER ________ K_21_1_ _ _ _ _- - ' ~ NEMA SLOW .E 8_-----_ ..----.... F 3 COUNT L MIL The K211 is a binary counter that can be wired to produce a high to low.. output transition on pin V after any number of input cycles from 2 to 16. Count·up occurs on the high to low transition of the count gate output. The counter is programmed by connecting pin L to pins M,P,S, and U to select the binary number that is one count less than the desired modulus. (Detect 2 for a count-ot-3 counter, etc). COUNT GATE OUTPUT PIN V OUTPUT Modulo 3 ·counter rin L is connected to pin P only. K211-$20 62 The counter is reset by grounding pin K for 4 microseconds or more. Time is required for flip-flops to adjust to new inputs. The count gate output must not step to zero sooner than 4.0 JA.sec after its own rise or at the end of a clearing signal at pin K. When pin B is grounded for slowdown, allow SO JA.sec. Larger dividers can be obtained by cascading K210's, K211's or adding K202 flip-flops. To cascade K211 modules, wire pin V to the input gate of the next module. Inputs to the least significant stage can be either pulses or logic transitions to ground; risetime is not important. Any transducer such as a switch, photocell, pulse tachometer, thermistor probe, or others compatible with KS08, KS22, or Iinput. DC coupling should also be connected. If the unknown voltage does not go below the internal reference voltage, voltage divider techniques will have to be used. <+> Output transitions occur when input voltage differentials are within 0.3 volts or less of the reference supply. When the input is more positive, the output is a ONE. When the input is more negative than the reference, the output is a ZERO. "+" "+" Signals up to 25 KHz, suitable for counting by K210, K211 or K220 counters, can be obtained with symmetrical input signals having at least 1 volt excursions past the switching point. Maximum output rates can be limited to approximately 5KHz by tying together pins AM and AN, AP and AR, etc. 111 RESISTANCE SENSING - The K524 may be used to sense resistance by mounting a trimpot in the predrilled mounting holes provided. When trim pots are used, pin BB must be connected to an independent +5 VDC bias supply, such as, a separate K731 operated from a separate transformer to insure against damaging currents through the bias circuits to the logic in case of accidental high voltages at K524 inputs. This precaution is most essential in systems containing K604 or K644 output converters, since inadvertent use of the wrong K716 socket is possible. This problem does not arise with selfgenerating sensors or where bias is supplied externally to variable-resistance sensors. When the resistance of the transducer is greater than the resistance of the trimpot the output of the sensor converter will be high. The outputs of the sensor converters will go low when the transducer resistance drops below that of the trimpot. K524 SENSOR CONVERTER 112 CHARACTERISTICS K524 Number or circuits 4 double Module size Input connections cable connector Inputs accessible at module connector no DC differential mode possible yes Provision for adding transducer biasing trimpots in predrilled holes on board yes Noise cancellation range (common mode) Maximum + input range for correct output Tolerance to overvoltage (no damage) Hysteresis ±7.5 volts ±30V 140 VAC 10mv Maximum switching rate 25KHz Minimum transducer resistance (at threshold) 4000 Maximum transducer resistance (at threshold) l00KO Noise Cancellation ratio at Line Frequency (CMR) 10:1 Noice Cancellation ratio at 1 KHz 20:1 Temperature Coefficient of Threshold (typical) 113 ±lmv/oC (0.1%) QUADRATURE DECODER K531 BCD OR BWARV B ......- - - - -.. OIRECTJON 15 CONTROl. CHANNEl. 1 15 COUNT QUADRATURE CONTROL CHANNEl. 2 DECODE CONTROL DOUBLE HEIGHT The K531 is a quadrature decoder which can be used in conjunction with many types of dual channel rotary pulse generators (quadrature encoders) to measure the angular position of a rotating shaft. This unit provides both- direction and count controls for a K220 UP/ DOWN counter register of up to 10 decades in length~ Two or four counts per quadrature period can easily be selected and UPI DOWN counting can be done at frequencies up to 80KHz. Either BCD or 2's compliment binary counting can be selected. The K531 also contains the necessary logic for + and - sign control for BCD displays. Counting can pass through zero at the full 80KHz counting· rate. Sign control can be suppressed if deSired. Quadrature inputs can be from any encoder whose logic "0" voltage is 0.5v or less and logiC "1" voltage is between +2.4v and +15v DC. Each encoder output must be able to sink at least 3ma in the logic "0" state. These units are quite common and are available from companies such as Baldwin, Trump-Ross, and Data Technology. Rotary pulse generators are rated for a specific number of pulses per revolution. For a dual channel generator, the quadrature output would be similar to the example below. K531-$70 114 !.OUAORATURE !CYCLE : QiANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2 COUNTING UP COUNTING DOWN For counting up channel 2 leads channell by 1/4 cycle and for counting down channell lead channel 2 by 1/4 cycle. The channel which leads for UP and DOWN counting is determined by the type of quadrature encoder used and how it is wired to the K531. If the unit does not count properly, the quadrature inputs to the K531 may need to be switched. To make the K531 compatible with the K220 UP/DOWN counter, a Direction Control output, Pin L, has been included. This output will provide a logic "1" level for up counting and a logic "0" level for down counting. Pin J, the Zero Detect input, is an "OR" expander pin. This expansion pin may be connected to K012 "OR" expansion gates (shown in the application section in the rear of this book) to complete the zero detect logic if a Sign Control output (Pin N) is desired for BCD nixie displays. One third of a K012 is required for each K220 module in the UP/ DOWN register. The input at this pin determines the output on PJn N, Sign Control output. Pin B must be grounded if sign control is desired for BCD counting. Sign Control is suppressed if pin B is left floating as shown in the table below for a 3 decade counter that is counting down form 999. For 2's compliment binary counting, Pin B must be left floating and the most significant bit in the K220 binary UP/ DOWN register is used for the sign. The bit will be a "1" for minus and a "0" for plus. Open Pin B: Open K220 Binary UP/DOWN Register Sign 999 0011 11100111 K220 BCD UP/ DOWN Register Pin B: Grounded + + + + + 999 • • • 003 002 001 000 001 002 ..•• 999 + ,+ + + + + + + • • • 003 002 001 000 999 998 •• • 000 115 • • 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 • 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 0011 0010 0001 0000 1111 1110 1101 • • 1100 0001 1001 Pins U and V are connected to pin A to provide 2 or 4 counts per quadrature period. Connect To pin A Counts Per Period None 4 U, V 2 Maximum Input Freq. Maximum Output Count Frequency 20 KC 40 KC 80 KC 80 KC The output on pin N denotes the sign of the number in the UP/DOWN register. It will be a logic "I" for a plus sign and a logic "0" for a minus sign. , The number zero always causes a logic "I" at pin N so that a minus zero can not be displayed. The K671 NIXIE display can be used with a Burroughs B-5442 ± .. Tube. Pins N and V on the K671 must be grounded and Pin N on the K531 must be connected to pin T on the K671. II See Application Notes for detailed information on using the K531 with NIXIE displays and computer interfacing. 116. 120 VAC INPUT CONVERTER K578 NEMA DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS NOTE: PINS IN ( ) ARE USED IF MODULE IS REVERSED IN SOCKET '(GND=BT) (+5=BV) K578 AC INPUT CONVERTER K578-$80 117 MIL TRIPLE THICKNESS MODULE DOUBLE HEIGHT 120-VOLT INDICATORS NOTE: PINS IN ( ) ARE USED IF MOOULE IS REVERSED IN' SOCKET. (GNO-BT) (+5. BV) K578 AC INPUT CONVERTER The K578 input converter, when mounted in a K724 interface shell, provides logic levels from 120 VAt signals from limit switches, relays etc. The 1 VA reactive load provided by the K578 isolation transformers insures sparking at pilot contacts. Together with the ample circuit voltage used, this reactive load assures maximum contact reliability. Electrical noise riding on pilot circuit wiring is attenuated both by the input transformer and by RC filtering. Bounce filtering is designed to pick up by the end of the first full cycle of contact, and to drop out (return to "zero:' output state) by the end of three full cycles after the input is removed. (About 50 milliseconds.) This speed of response is desirable in large sequential scanning-type control systems, even though occasionally a heavy contact may be observed to produce more than one output transition due to very long bounce duration. If necessary, respons'e speed may be cut in half by tying 150 mfd'from the offending logic output to ground. However, since no Schmitt triggers are included in the K578 (unlike the K508) , a KI84 or K501 118 I must be used as described in the applications notes if it is important to know exactly how many contact closures have occurred in a given period. Gating circuits equivalent to four K026 sections are included for contact scanning applications using the K161, or to facilitate forming the logical OR of many inputs. Direct outputs are from circuits similar to the K580, and may not be wired together. Clamp-type terminals on the K578 take two wires up to size 14. Neon indicators are included. The K578 can also be used in the K943 mounting panel; however, some mechanical means Of support must be provided to hold the K578 in its socket if vibration is a consideration. The logic outputs of the K578 have low fanout capabilities and are therefore susceptible to noise pickup. Leads wired to the outputs of this module should be limited to six inches in length. K578 TERMINAL STRIP CONNECTIONS FROM LEFT TO RIGHT ARE NUMBERS 1 TO 9 119 IKI DRY CONTACT FILTERS ~_ _ _ _ _K5_80_._K_58_1_ _ _ _ _ _ ~ 220 SOLDER LUGS SOLDER LUGS 1<581 K580 OUTPUT ~ K580-$28 K581-$20 120 These filters convert signals from dry or WIPing contacts to logic levels. Primarily they are used with gold contacts such as the new encapsulated reed limit switches, thumbwheel switches, and the like. Those push·buttons or slide switches that provide good wiping action will also ope'rate reliably with these filters, but silver contacts designed for long life on heavy duty loads are likely to give trouble. For them, use interfaces designed for such applicalion like K508·K716 or K578, or at least switch a high voltage. (see K580 voltage table.) Schmitt Triggers should be used on the outpu~s of both the K580 and K581 when they are used for one shot or timer inputs. Access to K580 and K581 inputs is by solder lugs only. Strain relief holes are provided in the board (near handle) for a g-wire cable. The avoidance of contact connectors on the logic wiring panel combined with heavy filtering guarantees noise isolation and protects modules by preventing accidental short circuits. Below is a summary of other characteristics. . Time Delay Output for Contact Closed on Closure Time Delay on Opening Contact Current Contact Voltage K580 22ma See Table high 10msec 30msec K581 22ma 5V low 20msec 20msec (Time delay figures above are nominal, and assume connection to the input of a standard gate such as K113 or KI23.) The contact current for the K581 comes from the logic supply, making it very important to assure freedom from accidental high voltages on K581 inputs which could damage many logic modules by getting through to the system power supply. This hazard is not present with the K580, which uses an external source of +10 volts or more. The table below shows how external dropping resistors may be added to provide higher voltage operation. TABLE OF K580 VOLTAGE DROPPING RESJSTANCES CONTACT SUPPLY VOLTAGE 10 Dropping Resistance 0 Dissipation - 12 820 15 220n 24 28 48 90- 100 120 6200 8200 I.8KO 3.6K{] 3.9KO 4.70 0.05W O.l1W 0.3W 0.4W 0.85W 1.8W ~.OW 2.5W When using dropping resistors and higher voltage supplies, total tolerance of resistors and supply should be ± 10% to insure high levels between +4 V and +6 V at the logic. Also observe that a handful of dropping resistors in 90 V or 120 V systems may dissipate more power than the entire logic system, and must be located so as not to cause excessive temperature rise in the K series environment. 121 Note that these circuits may not be paralleled to obtain the wired OR or wired AND function, and that fanout is limited to 2 milliampers in order to maintain the low (zero) output voltage within normal K-Series specifications_ Fanout to ordinary logic gates and diode expanders may be raised to 4 milliampers if some noise and contact bounce rejection can be traded off; but hysteresis inputs such as those at counter inputs, rate multiplier, etc., may not switch properly if the logic zero is allowed to rise much above +0.5 V. Looking at the component side of both the K580 and K581, the solder lug connections are numbered 1 to 9 from pin end to handle end. K580 K581 122 EIA INPUT CONVERTER K596 [lAP~ EIA OR celTT INPUTS OR celTT INPUTS LOGIC OUTPUTS so-Q-rn Any bipolar input signals with amplitudes between ±3 volts and ±25 volts will be transformed by this non-inverting converter into standard K-Series or M-Series logic signals with driving capabilities of 5 rna or 3 unit loads, respectively. Load for paralleling (wired OR): 1 milliampere. Input impedance stays between 3KU and 6KU for full capability with both the American EIA and the European cCln standards for data transmission. Built-in noise filtering causes transition delays of several microseconds, limiting the maximum baud rate that can be handled. Open-circuit inputs will produce low (zero-volts) outputs on the lower three circuits. The output stage of the first three circuits if inputs are open is controlled by pin S, which must be grounded for outputs low or connected to pin A (+5 volts) for outputs high. This last provision allows type 33 or type 35 current switching teletypes to be converted and wire ORed with modern interfaces. Pin B must be connected either to pin A or pin C: if it is left open, there may be crosstalk between circuits. Input Pin B Connection Open C Circuit +3 to +25V -3 to -25V 'OV PINS 0, F, J 0 Pins l. N. R 0 A +5 0 A or C +5 +5 A or C 0 0 A or C 0 0 Please observe that noise and interference can enter a digital system through any wires that pass through a noise field. K596 modules should be located at the edge of the system, and communication wiring should not be allowed· to lie close to logic wiring by more than a few inches. K596-$20 123 ·11Kl ISOLATED AC SWITCH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _K_6_04_ _ _ _ _ _ ~ NEMA ,------------- II I II I - - - - • AF -~ I I f -;604 I I 30" =~N ------ ----;;.;W~~A~ rc;.~T~I-1 BOARO ~K::T~a ::=KETAORC i :; I I K116 INTERFAcE BLOCK I I I I ! LOAD I I, I I I I I i', I I I I I I, SUPPLY 'lel.1 AC DOUBLE HEIGHT K604-$110 124 I MIL SCREW TERMINALS SOCKET A (SOCKET Cl ~ r - - -:- - - - K60"l I I AF 4 . I RIII80N , CABlE AC SWITCH I I I I fSoC~-;-~_C - ICON-;C~ I - 1 I BOARD I M -\-1 K716 INTERFACE BLOCK \ I LOAD I 4 4 I I I I I AC l L ______ I ~ DOUBLE HEIGHT Operating in conjunction with the K782 or K716 Interface Block, the K604 permits AC operated valves, solenoids, small motors, motor starters and the like to be controlled directly from K Series logic. Each circuit can handle up to 250 volt-ampers continuously. Total for any module, however, should not exceed 500 volt-ampers averaged over one minute. Ratings below include maximum horsepower based on use of Allen-Bradley type K motor starters. Less sensitive starters or relays may have significantly reduced capacity. 125 Maximum Capacity, each K604 circuit (120 v AC lines) Continuous V.A. Inrush Condition V.~. Motor Direct Type K 208/220 Starter Max. H.P. With Fuse 250 600 1/20 H.P. Size 3 30 50 No Fuse 250 1800 1/10 H.P. Size 4 50 100 480/600 Max. H.P Littlefuse® type 275005 5 amp fuses provide fault protection for the triac output circuits .The fuses are mounted by clips on the connector board for easy replacement. Without the fuses, short circuits will destroy the module. The no-fuse information above is for reference only, and operation without fuse protection cannot be recommended. Circuits cannot be paralled to increase ratings. AC switch turnon takes place within 500 microseconds after input logic gate goes high. Turnoff takes place at 'zero crossings of the current. Maximum "off" leakage: 10 rna RMS at 140 VAC. Line voltage rating: 100 to 140 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz. Each triac outPllt circuit has 400·volt breakdown rating. Shunt capacitor and shunt clipping devices inhibit false triggering on line transients. Where very small devices such as pilot lamps, light duty relays, or AC input converters constitute the- sole load, an auxiliary load such as a 12Kn 2 watt resistor may be required to absorb sufficient holding current for fuJI voltage output. Two special precautions are made necessary by the presence of AC line voltages on the K604 module. First, always disconnect the ribbon cable connector before inserting or removing a K604 or an adjacent module, to avoid shocks or component damage. Second, W993 copper-clad boards ($4 .each) should be installed between K604 modules and all other types except K508 or K644. With the pin A connection cut away, on either the board or the socket, the W993 copper clad board acts as an electrostatic shield. If this added interface protection is later found to be unnecessary, the sockets reserved for shield boards can be used to add logic features, modifications, etc;. Refer to Construction Recommendations. If desired, a K782 terminal board instead of the K716 may be used to obtain connections to field wiring. No indicators are provided by the K782, however. TERMINALS ON K716 OR K78~ LOGIC SIGNAL LOAD LAMP RETURN TERMINALS (K716 ONLY) K604 CIRCUIT IN USE 126 ISOLATED AC SWITCH IrKl K6 14 L . - -_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _- 4 ~ NEMA SUPPLY L - - - - - - - - -.......~'\l 2 t-t--------{\\J 3 LOAD SUPPLY L-----~---.__{\.\J 4 LOAD ~-----{\\1 5 SUPPLY 6 LOAD ~-----4'~ 7 NOTES: (GR=BT) (+5=SV) ( ) PINS IF MODULE IS REVERSED IN SOCKET. L..-_ _ _ _-{~ SUPPLY 8 LOAD 9 SUPPLY RETURN DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE. THICKNESS K614 AC SWITCH This module uses the K604 circuit and behaves in most respects the same. However, the K614 is designed to fit a K724 interface shell. Accordingly the K614 has built-in clamp-type terminals for wires to size 14, interchangeable indicators, and output ratings boosted to 500 VA per circuit by the larger heat sink area available in this configuration. littlefuze® type 275005 fuses provide fault protection for the triac output circuits. The fuses are mounted by clips on the connector board for easy replacement. Without the fuses, short circuits will destroy the module. Circuits cannot be paralleled to increase ratings. K614-$88 127 MIL SUPPLY 2 LOAD 3 SUPPLY 4 LOAD 5 SUPPLY 6 LOAD .., SUPPLY 8 LOAD NOTES: (GR=BT) (+5 :BY) • ( ) PINS IF MODULE IS REVERSED IN SOCKET. 9 SUPPLY RETURN DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K614 AC SWITCH The output rating of each K614 circuit is 500 VA due to the large heat sink area available, however: the 'maximum output rating per module should not exceed 750 VA over a 1 minute period. Shunt capacitors and shunt devices inhibit false triggering on line transients. Two special precautions should be taken when using a K614 module. First, if the inputs are not grounded, the triac outputs will turn on. The user should be particularly careful when removing modules from a circuit which provide the low "0" logic levels to the K614. Remember, all K-Series inputs nor- mally assume a high level when no input is connected. Second, W993 copperclad board ($4.00 each) should be installed between ~614 and all other types except K508 or K644.' With the pin A connection cut away, on either the board or the socket, the W933 copper-clad board acts as an electrostatic shield. If this added interface protection is later found to be unnecessary, the sockets reserved for shield boards can be used to add logic features, modifications, etc. Refer to Construction Recommendations. 128 LOGIC SIGNAL o SUPPLY RETURN K614 CIRCUIT IN USE K614 TERMINALS AS VIEWED LEFT TO RIGHT ARE NUMBERED 1 THROUGH 9 129 ISOLATED AC SWITCH K615 I SE:'ES I NEMA 1 SUPPLY 2 LOAD 3 SUPPLY 4 LOAD 5 SUPPLY 6 LOAD 7 SUPPLY 8 LOAD 9 SUPPLY RETURN NOTES: (GR=BT) (+5=BV) ( ) PINS IF MODULE IS REVERSED IN SOCKET. DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K615 AC SWITCH The K615 was designed to fit a K724 interfaee shell. This module uses the same switching circuits as the K614. The difference between the K614 and K615 is in the input circuits; one input on each circuit of the K615 (AF, AM, AT, and BF) normally 1:!ssumes the logic "0" level when it is open circuited. This is cont"radictory to a" other K-Series inputs which normally assume a high level when no input is connected. Because the switch turns on when both inputs are high, this feature provides an additional fail-safe against the accidental removal of modules or cut wires that connect directly to· the AC switch input. If the protected input is unused it must be wired to pin A. K615-$92 130 Mil t------~ 1. I--+-----~\) 3 L..-_+-_ _ _ +_~ t-+-----~ L..-_+-___ -+-~\) I--+-----ft) SUPPLY SUPPLY. 4 LOAD 5 SUPPLY 6 LDAD 7 SUPPLY 8 LDAD NOTES: (GReBT) (+!5-BV) ( ) PINS IF MODULE IS REVERSED IN SOCKET. '--_ _ _ _~ 9 SUPPLY RETURN DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K61S AC SWITCH The K61S has built-in clamp-type terminals for wires to size 14, interchangeable indicators, and output ra~ings of SOO VA per circuit due to the large heat sink area available in this configuration. littelfuze@ type 27S00S fuses are mounted by clips on the connector board for easy replacement. Without the fuses, short circuits will destroy the module. Circuits cannot be paralleled to increase ratings. The output rating of each K61S circuit is SOO VA, however, the maximum output rating per module should not exceed 750 VA over a 1 minute period. Shunt capacitors and shunt devices inhibit false triggering on line transients. W993 copper-clad boards ($4 each) should be installed between K61S modules and all other types except KS08 or K644. With the pin A connection cut away, on either the board or the socket, the W993 copper clad board acts as an electrostatic shield. If this added interface protection is later found to be unnecessary, the sockets reserved for shield boards can be used to add logic features, modifications, etc. Refer to Construction Recommendations. 131 LOGIC SIGNAL SlPPLl. RETURN K615 CIRCUIT IN USE ; ( 132 IIKl DC DRIVER '--_ _ _ _ _K_6_44_ _ _ _ _--J ~ NEMA SCREW TERMINALS SOCKET A SOCKET A OR C r- ~-= =--=-_-= =--,-- - - -~_~ _(SOCKET~ I l'I Ir I I II K644 I AH I I I I DOUBLE HEIGHT· I r AF 30" RIBBON CABLE I - - I - CONNECTOR BOARD M II K716 INTERFACE BLOCK I 2U-I---0LOAD N 17 I I II '--------.:.-_-4 I I (20 A B p I I I II II ~--":""'t---+------£.~LOAO 20 (2'" I I PLUS SIDE OF 15 LOAD (161 SUPPLY BC LCW) ISUPPLY GROUND I K644-$66 133 MIL SCREW TERMINALS SOCKET SOCKET A (SOCKET C) r- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ AO~RC I I r-------~.., I I II I I ' DOUB~~4~EIGHT AF ~O" r-- -:- - RIBBON CABLE 4 -----, II~FACE 1- CONNECTOR BOARD \1 BLOCK . I >---:--~--V]LDAD 4 17. (2t) I I I I I I I I 4 '/ I I I I I 4 I I I 4 I II I ">--~-+---'-",LOAD I 20 (24)PLUS AB H SlOE OF 15 LOAD + (~)iPPLY J BC - ~- LOAD SUPPLY GROUND I L-------:--~ L L ___ I_~I L - - - - - - - - - - - -I ::::J _ CHASSIS GROU~D_ _ J Operating through the K782 or K716 Interface Block, the K644 DC Driver permits stepping motors, dc solenoids, and similar devices rated up to 2.5 amperes at 48 volts to be driven directly from K series logic. BLliit-in clamping diodes protect switching transistors from transient over-voltage. Total output circuit current for the K644 module must not exceed 4 amperes averaged over any 1 minute period. The ribbon connector should be unplugged before inserting or removing a K644·module. Moving the parts' of a magnetic device change the winding inductance. To equalize magnetic field turnoff and turnon times, the ratio of inductance to 134 total circuit resistance must be held constant. This demands more resistance in the circuit during turnoff, when the inductance is higher. Resistance may be inserted between K716 terminal 15 (or 16) and the load supply to achieve this, provided the K644 output voltage will not exceed 55 volts. Whether resistance is added or not, these clamp return terminals must be connected to the plus side of the load supply to protect the module from overvoltage during turnoff. The K644 may be used with a K782 instead of a K716 to obtain the screw terminals needed for connecting heavy duty field wiring. See applications section for further information concerning tile use of DC drivers. 135 DC DRIVER -.....-.._ _ _ _ _ K6_5_0_ _ _ _ _ NEMA IIKl ~~ MIL POSITIVE ' - - - - - - - i o " SlOE OF LOAD SUPPLY 9 POSITIVE ' - - - - - - - i o n SIDE PF LOAD SuPPLY DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K650 DC DRIVER The K650 DC driver can deliver up to 1 ampere at up to 55 VDC. These four-l circuit modules drive eXternal loads through built-in clamp-type terminals. They can be mounted in the K724 interlace shell, but do not have neon indicator lamps across their outputs terminals as the other shell mounting m~~~~ . The positive side of the load supply should be connected to protect output transistors form damage due to turn-off transients. See the application section for further DC driver information. K65Q-$40 136 Output Ratings Module ResistanE:e K650 55V 1 AMP Inductive INCANDESCENT LAMPS 55V 1 AMP Lamps rated With added Lamps rated suppression Lamps. rated diodes Lamps rated 60ma; l20ma 250ma 400ma to to to to 48V 28v l8V l2V Note greatly reduced ratings on tungsten loads. Lamp filaments draw typically ten times more current at turnon than when hot, resulting in very high transistor dissipation if supply voltage is high. Series current limiting resistors or shunt preheat resistors could be used to limit surge in certain cases, but ratings above assume this would be awkward or impractical. Terminals 2, 4, 6 and 8 must be connected directly to the negative terminal of the load power supply or damage to the module will result from high currents. 137 IIKl DC DRIVER '---_ _ _ _ _K_6_52_ _ _ _ _--' NEMA MIL AF ~ ~1 4 I AH. ~r----------l;~ ~2 ~ 4 AN ~ 4 "=- 3 • OUTPUT , TERMINALS ATa II AU AN , . 5. i ~6j I :BH Q!7 ~ I F 1 .t- "=-1 1 1 ~8j . 14 - 1 3: 4 4 : -'lM ~ =co 1 ,. ;~ "~"AC' ::tJZ+01~ 1 AM ~ ~4 OUTPUT ':J 9 POSITIVE SlOE OF LOAD SUPPLY DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K652 DC DRIVER The K652 DC priver has four circuits each of which can deliver up to 2.5 amperes at up to 55 volts. Like the K578, K614, K656 and other modules, this unit has built-in clamp-type terminals for wires up to size 14. It can be mounted in the K724 interface shell, but does not have neon indicators across the output terminals as other shell mounted modules. The positive side of the load supply should be connected to protect output transistors from damage due to turn-off transients. See the application section for further DC driver information. Terminals 2, 4, 6 and 8 must be connected directly to the negative terminal of the load power supply or damage to the module will result from high currents. K652-$50 138 I.,. _____DC_~_6~_!V_E_R SE:'E~ I _ _ _ _....." NEMA OUTPUT TERMINAL ~---+----~----vn 5 )-----+---~~_vn7 TERMINALS 2.466 ARE THE LOAD SUPPLY GROUND POSITIVE SIDE OF LDAD SUPPLY OOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K656 250 VOLT DRIVER Each circuit of this versatile driver can deliver up to 1 ampere at up to 250 volts, making it ideal for driving heavy-duty brakes and clutches or for high speed operation of other inductive loads. Like the K578 and K614, this module has integral clamp-type terminals and neon indicator lamps. (LampS are effective only at 90 volts and above.) This driver module is desighed to be used with K724 interface shells. Positive side of load supply must be connected to protect output transistors from damage during turnoff transient. K656-$80 139 MIL DC DRIVER DC DRIVER 3 ~4 DC DRIVER OUTPUT TERMINAL 5 ~6 DC DRIVER 7 '---------{JV) 9 POSITIVE SIDE OF LOAD SUPPLY DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS See the' application section for wiring information and logic' diagrams of several stepping motor applications. Terminals 2, 4, 6 and 8- must be connected directly to the negative terminal of the load power supply or damage to the module will result from high currents. 140 11K! DC DRIVER ~_ _ _ _ _K6_5_8_ _ _ _ _-' ~ NEMA OUTPUT TERMINAL (DOUBLE SIDED BOARD) (TRIPLE THICKNESS MODULE) 9 POSITIVE SIDE OF ~----~t1 TERMINALS 2,4,6 8e ARE THE LOAD SUPPLy GROUNDS LOAD SUPPLY DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS K658 4 AMP DRIVER Each circuit of this versatile driver can deliver up to 4 amperes at up to 125 volts. like the K578, K656 and K614, this module has integral ~Iamp-type terminals and neon indicator lamps. (Lamps are effective only at 90 volts and above.) This driver module is designed to be used with K724 interface shells. Positive side of load supply must be connected to protect output transistors from damage during turnoff transient. K658-$128 141 MIL DC DRIVER 3 ~4 OUTPUT TERMINAL 5 ~6 DC DRIVER 7 9 POSITIVE SIDE OF LOAD SUPPLY DOUBLE HEIGHT TRIPLE THICKNESS See the application section for wIring information and logic diagrams of several stepping motor applications. Terminals 2, 4, 6 and 8 must be connected directly to the negative terminal of the load power supply or damage to the module will result from high currents. 142 DECIMAL DECODER AND NIXIE DISPLAY (2) 1 R T (4) I BCD TO 10 LINE DECODER WITH DRIVERS Ii input; can only be OR expanded Pin K Fan-in varies 22 $13 0'1 N - - - -- MODULE CHARACTERISTICS MODULE HEIGHT ....m w THICKNESS NUMBER CIRCUITS UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS CURRtNT REQUIREMENTS (Ma) PRICE K138 1 1 8 Single input inverters 28 $24 K161 1 1 1 Slowdown on zero output only; 'inputs need 0 and +5 volt levels 45 $25 K171 1 1 1 Output has no drive capability and must be connected to ,an' AND expansion node of any gate 16 $13 KI74 I 1 1 Output has no drive capability and f)1ust be connected to the OR expansion node/of any gate 12 $24 KI84 1 1 1 Capacitance added to Pin J for pulse width vari. ation 56 $25 K201 I 1 2 Temperature range 0° to 65°C; 1KHz maximum speed 130 $39 K202 I 1 2 Temperature range 0° to 65°C; slowdown provided on Pin B 120 $2? K206 1 1 4 Temperature range 0° to 65°C; common read- . IN enable 50 $20 K210 1 1 1 Temperature range 0° to 65°C 150 $27 K211 1 1 1 Temperat'ure range 0° to 65°C 60 $20 K220 2 1 1 Temperature range 0° to 65°C; only logic "l's" can be preset using the read-in inputs 220 $55 , K230 2 1 1 Temperature range 0° to 65 DC; only logic "1's" can be preset, all pin connections on upper half 150 $40 ---_ .. - I MODULE HEIGHT K271 .~ THICKNESS 2 1 NUMBER CIRCUITS UN.IQUE CHARACTERISTICS CURRENT REQUIREMENTS (Ma) PRICE 1 Maximum angle from vertical of 30 0 40 $40 0 50 $85 K273 1 2 3 Maximum angle from vertic~1 of 30 K281 1 1 1 Contains eight four-bit words 0 $10 K282 2 1 1 Contains eight 16-bit words 0 $40 K301 1 1 1 Double thickness with timer- control mounted. Connect pins P and S for ONE SHOT 15 $15 K303 1 1 3 Double thickness with timer control mounted. 30 $27 K323 1 1 3 Double thickness with timer control mounted. 35 $35 K333 1 1 3 Split lugs for mounting delay capacitors 29 $23 K371 1 1 1 When three controls are mounted on a module. that module must go at the- ehd of a K941 mounting bar $11 $11 K373 • K374 $15 $11 K375 K376 I K378 K410 $15 I 2 $15 1 5 Pin connections made on B connector half. Lamps are Hudson # 2309, 10 volt 40Ma rated Module requires 120VCT 50·60 cps --------~ -------- 200 $18 MODULE HEIGHT THICKNESS NUMBER CIRCUITS UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS <.n PRICE K415 '2 2 1 Pin connections made on B connector half. Illegal number inputs (11-15) light two numeral filaments. Module requires 12.6VAC 50·60 cps at 80Ma capability 43 $46 K420 2 1 3 Pin connections made on B connector half 17 $33 K422 2 2 2 Pin connections made on B connector half; outputs have no drive capability and are AND expansion inputs only 0 $27 K424 2 2 2 Pin connections made on B connector half output has no drive capability and can be used as an expansion input only 2 $27 K432 2 2 2 Pin connections made on B connector half; optional third circuit available if customer inserts components 0 $33 K501 1 1 4 Provides 1 volt of hysteresis 45 $25 65 $44 ..... 0\ CURRENT REQUIREMENTS (Ma) - K508 2 1 8 Module has a 30" ribbon cable and cable connector board which is triple thickness K522 1 1 1 Solder lugs are made for inputs 25 $25 K524 2 1 4 Module includes a 30" ribbon cable and single height connector board 35 $98 K531 2 1 1 All pin connections on A connector half 50 $70 K578 2 3 8 Module may be reversed in socket. Neon indicators are effective for 90VDC and above. AC inputs made to clamp-type terminals. 0 $80 ~ MODULE HEIGHT 0\ 0\ NUMBER CIRCUITS UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS CURRENT REQUIREMENTS (Ma) PRICE 0 $28 $20 K580 1 1 8 Input connections are made to solder lugs (uses separate supply) K581 1 1 8 Input connections are made to solder lugs. +5VDC must be applied to Pin A. Current required per contact closed 22 K596 1 1 6 Temperature range 0° to 65° 30 K604 - THICKNESS K614 K615 2 2 2 1 4 3 4 3 4 \ K644 2 1 4 Module includes a 30" ribbon cable and connector board. Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit on Module may be reversed in socket. Neon indicators are effective for 90VOC and above. AC input connections are clamp-type connecCurrent with all circuits off tors Additional current per circuit on Module may be reversed in socket. Neon \ndicators are effective for 90VDC and above. AC input connections are Clamp-type connectors Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit o~ Module includes a 30" ribbon cable and connector board for outputs. Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit on -- ~ $20 $110 40 20 $88 40 20 $92 56 28 . $66 10 160 MODULE K650 K652 K656 HEIGHT THICKNESS 2 2 2 3 3 3 NUMBER CIRCUITS 4 4 4 0'1 ""-J K65B 2 3 K671 4 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS (Ma) UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS $40 DC output connections are clamp-type connectors Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit on 160 DC output connections are clamp-type connec· tors Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit on 10 160 Clamp-type output connections. Neon indicators effective for 90VDC and above. Current with all circuits off Additional current per circuit on Clamp-type output connections. Neon indicators effective for 90VDC and above. Current with all circuits off Additional current p( r circuit on PRICE B $50 $80 10 160 $128 10 350 1 Two part module with one foot ribbon cable 13 $55 K6Bl 1 1 8 Solder lugs for output connections 16 $15 K683 1 2 8 Solder lugS for output conn~ctions 160 $30 K696 1 1 6 Requires 6.3 VAC 50-60 cps 7 $44 K730 1 2 1 Requires 12_6 VAC for 16VDC and 10VDC 34 $19 ~ .. - POWER TRANSFORMERS K74i, K743 12.6VCT FOR K731. K732 K741 TRANSFORMER WITH FILTER li BlK GRN~ 0 GRNlYEL .. 12.6VAC CT CQ) 3 AMPS FOR K731, K732 GRN 230 V/'lC ORO ~""'--4i~__._.....;O;;.;.R""D 12.6VAC@3AMPS K743 TRANSFORMER WITH FILTER These hash-filtered, 50/60 Hz transformers supply K731 Source and K732 Slave Regulator modules. The K743 also provides an auxiliary winding for use with K580 Dry Contart Filters, K681 or K683 Lamp Drivers (requires additional bridge rectifier) and the K730 Source Module. Type 914 Power Jumpers are convenient for connecting to tab terminals on these transformers and on the K732 and K943. Both transformers have holes at the corners of the chassis plate for mounting on K980 end plates: PLATE DIMENSIONS K741 K743 I 31h"x5" 4'l's" x 4'l's" HOLE CENTERS MATCHING K980 Ctrs. I 2%" x 3%" 4" x 3 3/ 8 " I 2%" 4" The K741 is sufficiently light in weight to be mounted on one side-only, as at the end of a K943 mounting pane\. K741-$30 K743-$45 168- The table below shows how to obtain various currents. Line voltages within ± 10% from nominal and short, heavy secondary wires are assumed. One K73l is required in each case. . 60 Hz 50 Hz K732 O.l·lA 0.5-2A 1-3A 2-4A 3-5A 4-6A 5-7A O.I·O.8A O.4-1.6A O.8-2.4A l.6-3.2A 2.4- 4A 3.2-4.8A 4·5.6A 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 '\. K743' 169 TRANSFORMER 2 2 3 3 4 K741 or K743 K74l or K743 K741s or K743 K74ls or 2 K743s K74ls or 2 K743s K74ls or 2 K743s K74ls or 3 K743s DISPLAY SUPPLY I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _K_7_71_ _ _ _ _- ' f4------- r-t 1 1/ K731 U,V ~ - BLACK ANY PIN C HIGH LDW I "_ _ _----' K791 TEST PROBE IIKl ~~ '~T)I . ~ "( ./ This pocket test probe contains two pulse-stretching lamp drivers for visual indication of both transient and steady-state conditions. Neither indicator lights on an open circuit. A built-in test point illuminator adds convenience. The probe introduces negligible loading of the point under observation. The black wire connects to any pin C. The red wire gets ac power from the system supply transformer, pin U or V of K731. Probe is hollow and fits unwrapped end of H800W pins for hands-off lise if desired. K791-$40 170 IIKl TERMINALS _ _ _ _ _ _ _K_7_82_,_K_7_84_ _ _ _ _---I CLAMPTYPE TERMINALS CONNECTOR PINS SPLIT LUGS ~ 0 - - - - -~ leJ---· CLAMPTYPE TERMINALS ~ TRANSIENT SUPPRESSION DIODE SPLIT CONNECTOR ~ ~ AA AA 8A SA AC AC 8e BC 0~~AE -----v..r 4 AE 68E BE 0f-------~ AH -x.r~-6BH .--~:: 5~ '~~. 8M 8 0--~ ~-....... 0---------.-.......~ ~a =i~~. BP ~ ~-t: ~AP AP 7 ~~:: ~AS '~BS 9@---j ~:~ CHASSIS GROUND "(CONNECT TO LOAD SUPPLY) K782 K784 DOUBLE THICKNESS DOUBLE HEIGHT DOUBLE THICKNESS DOUBLE HEIGHT These two double size modules offer an alternative to the K716 for obtaining field wiring connections in K series systems. The K782 has straight-through connections for use with K524, K508, K604, or K644 modules. The K784 includes 60 v clamp diodes for protection of K681 or K683 modules driving inductive loads. Strain relief holes and split lugs on both boards adapt them for such modules as K580 and K683 where 9-conductor ribbon or individual wires will be used. Connector ptns are also provided, so the connector board of types like K524 or K604 can be plugged into a shared H800-F block and bussed connections used. The photo at right shows one way that these modules may be mounted, by bolting through the holes provided and mounting on K980 brackets. The attachment of a K743 transformer to the K980 is also shown here. K782-$12 K784-$17 171 K782 TERMINAL K782 TERMINALS WITH K743 AND K980 172 MOUNTING HARDWARE K940, K941 r-~=-;:~:. I I,' K SERIES MOOULE ITOP VIEW) :::':.::.-:.:-:: :=--.:----------=-=-=== =:.:f - - - - - -1: I L..J...... I I I I I I I I I H_ I : I I I I I I IL. ______ JI r------I ~ I I I I I I I : CUTOFF SUIII'I.US HIOO : I : I I I I L_____ : TOPYIEW H_ CONNECTOfI 8LOCK "MODULE SLOTS\ KM' GUIOE PIN '~ICK _ _ LV TWO &/".. HEAO MOUNTING 80L T8 EQUIPMENT IiIOUMTING PANEL FRONT This convenient mounting hardware permits logic connector pin wiring to be done before logic is installed in the enclosure. K940 is a mounting support that attaches to the enclosure. K941 is a removable bracket that mounts up to four H800 connector blocks. Any connections to external equipment are made through the ribbon connectors of interface signal modules (K508, K524, K604, K644) to the K716 Interface Block.. An installation of K·Series equipment in a NEMA-12 Enclosure is illustrated on the next page. K94o-$4 K941-$6 173 K716 MER'-ACE BLOCK ~ '/4 IN. I I I I I >~,~~" H800 I I I '01lZIN I (LESS 2 IN fOR EACH H800 OMITTED IF SURPLUS K941 MOU"TING BAR IS CUT OFF) JOIN CABLES FROM K116 2 BOLTS 5116 IN HEAD ~Of\llL 61N FROM FLANGE K940, K941 WITH K716 IN A NEMA·12 ENCLOSURE, 16 IN. DEEP TOP VIEW 174 19" MOUNTING PANEL K943·R, K943·S These low cpst, 19" panels have sixty four, 18 pin connector sockets with either wire-wrap (S) or solder fork (R) contact pins. Each panel is shipped with connector blocks installed and pins A and C bussed. No terminal strips are included in the K943, since power regulators K731 and K732 will normally be plugged in to make power connections. If holddown is required to prevent modules from backing out under vibration, order a pair of end plates K980. These assemble by means of added nuts on the rear of the rack mount screws. They accept the painted 1907 cover plate, making a hold-down system that contacts the module handles and can allow flexprint cables to be threaded neatly out the end. Rack space: 5 1/4". See photos showing K943-S, K980, 1907, and HOO!. 1907 K943R-$96 K943S-$96 175 MOUNTING PANEL _ H914 "-_ _ _ _ _ H913, _- -------' B HARDWA_RE The H913 panel houses a 5v regulated supply and four low density H80S connector blocks. This allows 16 of either A, K, M, or W series modules to be used. Electrical and mechanical characteristics are given below. The H914 panel houses a low density HaOS connector blocks. The panel will hold 32 of either A, K, M, or.W series modules. It can be used for expanding slot capacity in conjunction with H913 'or alone using other options of voltage supply, e.g. K731, K732 combinations. Mechanical characteristics are like those of K943. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS fNPUT VOLTAGE: 105-125 VAC or 210-250 VAC 47-63 Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE: 5vdc OUTPUT CURRENT: 0-5 amps. short-circuit protected for parallel supply operation OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION: The output is protected from transients which exceed 6.9 volts for more than 10 nsec. However, the output is not protected against long shorts to voltages above 6.9 volts. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS PANEL WIDTH: 19 in. PANEL HEIGHT: 5~6 in. DEPTH: 16 3A in. FINISH: Chromicoat POWER INPUT CONNECTIONS: Screw terminals Provided on transformer MODULES ACCOMMODATED: 16 POWER OUTPUT CONNECTIONS: Barrier strip with screw terminals and tabs which fit AMP "Faston" receptacle series 250, part no. 41774 or Type 914 power jumpers. 1945-19 HOLD DOWN BAR: Reduces vibration and keeps modules securely mounted when panel or system is moved. Adds 'n in. to depth of mounting panel. H913-$270 H914-$125 176 MODULAR PANEL HARDWARE K950 The K950 Magnetic modular panel hardware provides a convenient way to build control panels containing lights, toggle and push button switches, timer controls, and thumbwheel switches. The lower connector half of the control modules K410, K415, K420, K422, K424, and K432 are plugged into the upper connectors across a K943 mounting panel and the manual controls protrude through the K950 panel frame. The K410, K420, and K432 modules are supplied with a precut panel piece that fills fhe panel space for the mod· ule. The K422 and K424 modules do not require a panel piece. Since each module is covered independently of the next module, any module type can be plugged into anyone of the available 32 panel socket locations. All panel hardware is supplied painted black, however, panel pieces may be individually repainted to give color coded meaning to panel controls. Thumbwheel mod· ules are black plastic and can not be painted. A control module can be inserted into any socket e,\cept the one directly to the left of a K422 ad K424 thumbwheel module. For this reason it is recommended that all thumbwheel registers be grouped together in the same sec· tion of the panel to conserve panel locations. Metal spacers of single or double module width are available to cover unused panel locations. K9SQ-$39 177 Another control module can not be mounted in the socket next to a K415 Nixie Display- module. These modules can be mounted in every other socket location to form a neat multi-digit display. "" The frame and panel pieces are made of steel and are he!d together with rivets and flexible strip magnets. The frame is mounted in a standard 19 inch rack directly above a socket mounting panel. After the control modules have been inserted into their chosen socket locations, the steel panel pieces are snapped into place to cover the modules and unused locations. After the panel is completely filled, a steel bezel is snapped into place over the panel pieces and the panel is complete. The panel hardware can be disassembled at any time to allow controls to be added or removed. When the panel is completely assembled, most of the magnetic lines of force are closed through the steel panel pieces. However, steel dust particles and filings will still be attracted to the panel surfaces. The magnetic force from the panel is not strong enough to damage a watch worn by the user. Each K950 is supplied with 8 single and 8 double spacers to cover up to 24 unused panel locations. The K950 is 3Vz inches in height. '--_____E_N_D_K_=S_':_T_E_S_ _ _ _ ---' HARDWARE I Pair of plates for supporting 1907 cover to hold modules in K943 panel under shock and vibration. (Note: If vibration is anticipated, care must be taken not to nick logic wires. Use a quality wire stripping device.) Also used for mounting K741, K743, K782, K784. K980-$6 ~ ___________C_O_l:_:_7R ____________ ~I[HARDWAREI Blue painted or brown tweed painted aluminum cover with captive screws to mate threaded bushings in K980 and HOOL Adds to appearance while protecting system against vibration and tampering. 1907-$9 178 I MOUNTING· PANEL 11K! K98 2 . a..-_ _ _ _ __ _,- - - - - ~ The K982 is a predrilled 19" mounting panel on which can be mounted up to three separate power transformers (K741 or K743). Transformers can be mounted using either the K980 end brackets for exposed transformer connections or H002 setback brackets for unexposed transformer connections. K982-$10 179 TIMER COMPONENT BOARD ~------------------------------------------- v H _.J __ ~ K SERIES K990 b b _ J I __ <. The K990 is a predrilled etched module for mounting up to six RC networks for K301, K303, or K323 timer cont~ls. Any capacitor size up to a "0" case tantalum can be mounted in the space provided. A trim pot and series resistor can be mounted in the remaining space. Trimpot adjustments are accessible from the edge of the module. If the module is not mounted in the top row of modules in the system, a W980 extender module will be required'to make trimpot adjustments. Etch layout is for trimpots with a staggered center pin. Connections to the module can be made either through the pins or through a cable soldered to split lugs. Dimensions for trimpot mounting are: 180 K99o-$4 DEC thoroughly tests all finished modules as well as incoming components. Most of the testing is conducted on computerized equipment such as this one which performs 100 ac and dc tests in less than 5 seconds on each module tested. 181 These pantograph-controlled Insertion machines position and crimp pre-tested components onto four module boards at a time. A press will cut the modules apart after assembly is completed. minimizmg handling up to that point. 182 A Series Analog Modules ,... 183 IAl POSITIVE LOGIC MULTIPLEXER ~_ _ _ _ _TY_P_E_A_l_23_ _ _ _ _..... ~ R Ho-~""" J o-..........-t L G-H""1....-_--' s M o---1....-t______ T K 0---........ N o--,r;-""L_~ U v INPUT OUTPUT TERMINALS +3V OV CONNECTED OPEN The A123 Multiplexer provides 4 gated analog switches that are controlled by logic levels of Ov and +3v. The module is equivalent to a single-pole, 4-position switch, since one output terminal of each MOS FET switch is tied together. If all three digital inputs of a circuit are at +3v (or not connected) the two output terminals are connected together. If any digial input is at Ov, the switch terminals are disconnected. Two switches should not be on at the same time. The analog switch can handle signals between +lOv and -lOv, with currents up to 1 rna. The positive power supply must be between +5v and +15v, and at least equal to or greater than the most positive excursion of the analog signal. The negative power supply must be between -5 and -20v, and at least 10 volts more negative than the most negative excursion of the analog signal. The voltage difference between the two supplies must not be more than 30v. A123-$58 184 SPECJflCATIONS Digital Inputs Logic ONE: Logic ZERO: Input loading: +2.4v to +5.0v O.Ov to +0.8v 0.5 ma at 0 volts Analog Signal Voltage range: Current (max.): +10v to -10v 1 ma Output Switch 1000 ohms _0 volts 10 na, 10 pf 0.2 '-'sec 0.5 ).Lsec On resistance, max.: On offset: Off leakage, capacitance: Turn on delay, max.: Turn off delay, max.: Power +5v (pin A): +v (pin D): -v 45 ma 18 ma (for +10v) 50 rna (for -20v) (pin E): 185 HIGH IMPEDANCE MULTIPLEXER ~ _ _ _ _E_XP_A_N_D_ER _ A160 _ _ _ _----, ~' SERIES .------oAHZ FEEDBACK INPUT SIGNALS BUZ 8SZ NOOE ~---+-----{)(l----+-~ 8MZ AJ2 EXPANSION NOOE SKZ 8HZ IIOAI!O SIZE DOIJ8J..E HEIGHT DOUBl.E WIDTH ASZ POWER REQUIREMEPITS +ISV -1 !IV ANALOG GND +SV LOGIC GPlD APZ N I- CD N N C\I D CD .c Z ., ADI,ADZ AE1,AEZ AF1,AF2 AA I,AA2,BAI,BAZ ACf,AC2,8CI,IICZ II: The AI60 is a high impedance multiplexer expander consisting of 8 independent FET channels. This unit may be used with any of the' DEC high impedance multiplexers to perform single or double level multiplexing. It also may be used to expand the channel capabilities of the A162, Al63, and AI64, Multiplexer, The Al60 is DTL and TTL compatible and may be used with DEC's standard K and M Series logic modules. Each channel has its own channel selector driver and may be controlled from an external'source such as a shift register. clock, or gating function. AI60-$250 186 Advanced shielding techniques and optimized circuit layout have been employed in the A160, ensuring stable operation under normal ambient electrostatiC and electromagnetic conditions, as well as allowing minimal crosstalk between channels. SPECIFICATIONS Analog Inputs: 8 single ended Input Voltage Range: ± 10v. Maximum full scale Expander Node: Common point of 8 channels brought out to a common pin for input to external buffer amplifier Feedback Input: Feedback control point of multiplexer switches connected to output of buffer amplifier Input Leakage: 0.5 nano ampere max., per channel Input Feedthrough Capacity: 4 pf per channel OFF Cha~nel Capacity: 7 pf. per channel, shunt capacity at common node ON Resistance of Channel (Without Buffer): 1000 ohms max. Max. Input Voltage ± 15 v. Switching plus Settling Time: 5 jJ.sec., max., to settle to within .01 % of full value for full scale excursion with zero source impedance Output Range: Same as input (± 10 VFS) Transfer Accuracy: ±0.01 % of full scale at 25° C. Selector Input (Direct into Multiplexer): One TIL load ON Level Logic Zero (0 volts) OFF Level Logic One (+3 volts) 187 HIGH IMPEDANCE MULTIPLEXER WITH ~_ _ _O_U_TP_U_T_BU_F_F_ER______ At61 _ ~ SERI,ES INPUT SIGNALS ~2o-----------;X~~--~ 852 o--I-------{)o--+--~ 8P2 o-~H-----{) ---""I'r-_--{j~----+-___+ BP2 C>-~tv--_--C>O------+-+-~ BM2 C>---""tv--_--C>O----++-+--~-~ AM2 EXPAI'ISION I'I00E 8K2 o---~_---(x.,...---+-+-+_+_______+ !ICARD SIZE DOUBlE HEIGHT OOU8LE WIDTH .'OWER REQUIREMENTS ~ 15V - 15V MlALOG GtIO +5V LOGIC GI'IO AD! • A02 AE'. AE2 AF'. Af2, AJ', AM', AK, , AK2, AL' , AL2. AN',AI'I2 A41,AA2,841,842 AC~, AC2, SCI, BCl! CHANNEl SELECT LINES N N N N -""-0() OUTPUT \'''--'-'; +INPUT (NON-IN\I.) 0 - - - - - - - - 1 E -15V F ANALOG GND NOTE 1. Mounting holes are provided on the module so that input and feedback components can be added. Components shown with dashed lines are not included with the module. NOTE 2. This jumper comes with the module. It may be removed to suit circuit re-quirements. NOTE 3. Pins L & M can be connected together to improve settling time, but parameters such as drift and open loop gain are degraded. The A207 is an economical Operational Amplifier featuring fast settling time (5 ,",s to within 10 my), making it especially suited for use with Analog-toDigital Converters. The A207 can be used for buffering, scale-changing, offsetting, and other data·conditioning functions required with AI D Converters. All other normal operational amplifier configurations can be achieved with the A207. The A207 is supplied with a zero balance potentiometer. Provisions are made on the board for the mounting of input and feedback components, including a gain trim potentiometer. The A207 is pin-compatible with the A200 Operational Amplifier. A207-$45 202 · SPECIFICATIONS-At 25°C, unless noted otherwise. Pins l & M Differences with Pins Connected l & M Not Connected Settling Time· Within 10 mY, IOv step input, typ: Within 10 my, 10v step input, max: Witbin 1 mY, 10v step input, max: 3 ,lsec 5 Jlsec 7 ,,,sec Frequency Response Dc open loop gain, 670 ohm load, min: Unity gain, small signal, min: Full output voltage, min: Slewing rate, min: Overload recovery. max: 15,000 3 MHz 50 KHz 3.5vhtsec 8 ,lsec Output Voltage, max: Current, max: ±IOv -tI5 ma Input Voltage Input voltage range, max: Differential voltage, max: Common mode rejection, min: ±IOv 10,000 Input Impedance Between inputs, min: Common mo~e, min: 100 K ohms 5 M ohms Input Offset Avg. voltage drift vs. temp, max: Initial current offset, max: Avg. current drift vs. temp, max: 60 J'V/lC 0.5 J'a 5 naleC Temperature Range 0' C to +60'C Power +15v (pin D), Quiescent: -15v (pin E), Quiescent: 6 ma 10 rna 6 "seo 8 J'sec 10 !,sec 100,000 ± lOy ..: 30 Jtv/ 2 BN2 BE2 802 AS2 AR2 AJ2 AH2 The A260 is a universal dual amplifier card which contains two independent operational amplifiers. Provisions "have been made for mounting input and· !eedback components so that the A260 may be used in a variety of modes. Some of the configurations in which the A260 may be used are: 1. Voltage follower with a gain of plus one. 2. Voltage follower with positive gain of greater than one. 3. Attenuated follower with positive gain of less than one. 4. Differential amplifier with difterential input and single ended output. 5. Inverter with negative gain of one or greater. The A260 may also be used as the output buffer for the A160 and Al64 multiplexer series, as well as the input buffer for the A400 series sample and hold modules. Individual offset adjustments are provided for on each amplifier. A260-$300 204 SPECIFICATIONS Descri ption: Two differential amplifiers mounted on one board with provision for mounting resistors in a variety of modes. Offset: Adjustments provided to adjust off· set to zero. Configurations A. B. Follower High input impedance. gain of plus one. Transfer Accuracy: ±0.01% of FS Settling Time (0 to 10v): 1.5 J.LS to .01 % Output drive: 20 rna., ground. Inputloutput range: ± 10 volts short circuit proof to Input impedance: 1000 megohms Temp. Coefficient: 30 ....v/oC. Follower with Gain- High input impedance. positive gain greater than one. Transfer accuracy: Function of resistors provided. Gain: Determined by Settling Time: (Gain) x (1.5 1'5) to .01 % Output Drive: 20 Input/Output range: ±10 volts Input Impedance: ~100 Temp. Coefficient: 30 ....v/ o C. (referred to input) Attenuated follower- Gain: Input attenuator, positive gain Jess than one. R13 (see schematiC) R12 + R13 Transfer Accuracy: Function of resistors provided. Settling Time: 1.51-'s to .01 % if not limited by attenuator. Input Range: o to ....± 100 R14+R15 C. rna. ground. Output Range: circuit proof to megohms + 10 volts 205 short RI5 volts, max. D. Output Drive: 20 rna., ground. short circuit proof to Input Impedance: R12 Temp. Coefficient: 30. ~v! Differential Amplifier: Differential input, single ended out· put. + R13 Q C. plus input attenuation. R14 Gain: Ri5 E~ Transfer Accuracy: Function of resistors provided. Settling Time: (Gain) x Inr>ut Voltage (Signal plus com· mon mode): 1 (1 + G . ) X (lOV) max. am Output Range: ± 10 volts Output Drive:' 20 rna., short ground. Temp. Coefficient: (30 "v/ Common Mode Rejection: Function 'of resistor matching in each input> 86 db for .01 % resistor watch in addition to transfer accuracy of .01 % Inverter Negative gain of one or greater (1.5~s) o circuit C) x (1 + proof Gain) Specs same as differential amplifier, except input referenced to ground. ~' F. Power +15v @ 20ma -15v @ 15ma • 206 to 1. FOLLOWER o R12 R22 R13 R23 R14 R24 R15 R25 on CD 0 CD 5K on CD G= 5K +2 r 2. PLUS GAIN R4 EO G= 1K\ +10 0 CD 20K 9K R4+R5 EIN=~ 3, POSITIVE GAIN LESS THEN ONE 0- ~~~ l'rt>:~--·l-----O .~. 50K 50K G= +'1/2 20K 20K 20K G= 1 R3 4. DIFF. INPUT R4 C2= 5PF R5 • EO R2 EO EIN R4 =R'5 R3 5. INVERTER CD R4 C2=5PF R5 EO R3 EIN=R4" 207 tOK 20K G= -1 20K \1Al SAMPLE AND HOLD ""---_ _ _ _ _A_4_04_ _ _ _ _--' ~ GAIN TRIM OPT AT (81 RES. ""»--_-- ---"""--AH2 8H2 AM2 POWER REQUIREMENTS: -15V AE2 +15V AD2 ANALOG GND AF2 BOARD SIZE: DOUBLE HEIGHT OOUBLE WIDTH The A460' and A461 are one channel sample and held modules used to sample the value of a changing analog signal at a particular point in time and store this information. 'The difference between the A460 and the A461 is that the A460 is a 51 H without input buffering and the A461 is 51 H with input buffering. It should be noted that when using the A461 an external jumper is required between pins' BH2 and AR2. Provided on the A460 and A461 is a select line which can be used to control the sample or hold operation of the module. Both the A460 and A461 are DTL and TTL compatible and may be used with standard "M" or "K" Series modules in control and system configura· tions. The output circuitry consists of a buffer amplifier with output drive capability of 20 mao Both the A460 and A461 are compatible with DEC "A" Series high impedance and constant impedance multiplexers and may be used in conjunction with each to perform various levels of multiplexing. A46Q-$400 A461-$525 210 SPECIFICATIONS Transfer Accuracy at 23 0 C. ±0.01% FS Input/Output Voltage Range ± 10V Full Scale Transfer Characteristic +1 Acquisition Time (to 0.01 %) 5 microseconds for -lOY to +10V excursion Aperture Time Less than 50 nanoseconds Input Impedance (During Sample Time)(With No Butler): 100 ohms in series with 0.002 microfarad capacitor 34 1000 meg ohms in parallel with 10 pf. (With Buffer): Output Drive: 20 mao Hold Decay: 15 microvolts per millisecond Offset: Adjustable to zero Temp. Coefficient of Offset: 50 JJ.v/ o C. Control Input (1 TTL Load)Sample: Logic Zero Logic One Hold: Power: ± l5V at 12 ma wlo buffer . ± 15V at 20 rna with buffer One double height double width module. Size: 211 I!AI 12..81T DAC A_6_13_ _ _ _ _...... L - -_ _ _ _ _ OPTIONAL RESISTORS AJ 0----0-',•••,.0--...... ~ BV GAIN TRIM \ AL O-----<>-'I'I\~-__4~IIV'v_--J'NY_4I~... \ , (MSBl \ SWITCHES BE ",-. BK ,~ ,, BD BJ BM , , PIN CONNECTIONS BINARY BCD . .. ... BK to BE BK to eo 8M to BJ BMto BH BV to BN BH AA _tQ.'t._ AF ANALOG GND AC DIGITAL GND a ANALOG GND (PIN AF) DIGITAL GND (PIN AC) MUST BE CONNECTED TOGETHER AT ONE POINT IN· THE SYSTEM. BINARY INPUTS OUTPUT 2- ALL OTHERS OV OV +O.OOOV +3 +3 0 +3 H5.000 +9.9975 The A613 is a 12·bit Digital-to-Analog Converter for moderate speed applications. The module is controlled by standard positive logic levels, has an out- put between Ov and +lOv, and will settle within 50 J,Lsec for a full scale input change. The input coding can be either straight binary or 3 decades of 8421 BCD with only simple connector jumpers required to take care of the change. A613-$200 212 The A613 requires a - ~O.Ov reference that can supply negative current, such as an A704. Provisions are made for adding up to 3 extra resistors to implement offsetting functions. Potentiometers are provided for zero balancing, and gain trim. The A6l3 is a double height board. An input of all Logle O's produces zero volts out; all Logic l's produces close to +lOv out. The operational amplifier output can be shorted to Ground without damaging the circuit. SPECIFICATIONS Inputs Logic ONE: Logic ZERO: Input loading: +2.0v to +5.0v O.Ov to +0.8v 1 rna (max.) at 0 volts . Output Standard: Optional, (requires Positive REF) Settling time, (lOv step): Output current: Capacitive loading: Binary Dig. In. 000-00 000-01 001-00 111-11 Ov to +lOv lOv range between -lOv and +lOv 50,...sec 10 rna 0.1 ,...f (without oscillation) Analog Out O.OOOOv +0.0025 +5.0000 +9.9975 Accuracy At +25°C: Temp. coef: BCD (8421) 000 001 050 500 999 Binary ±0.015% of full scale ±O.OOl%/oC (plus drift of REF) Analog Out O.OOOv +0.010 +0.500 +5.000 +9.990 BCD ±0.05% of full scale ±0.002%/oC (plus drift of REF) Board Size 1 double height board, single module wid'th Temperature Range +10°C to +50°C Power + 15v at 35 rna at max. load -15v at 60 rna ~ + 5vat60 ma -10.0v REF at -7 rna (reverse current) t If the Output is accidentally shorted to Ground, the output amplifier will not be damaged. 213 10-BIT D/A CONVERTER SINGLE BUFFERED A618 and A619 AM 10 DATA LINES AMPLIFIER POWER LOAD DAC LOGIC POWER '~~ b b b +15· COM -.5 b ..-10 b b -15 GND JANAC.OG BINARY WEIGHTED NETWORK BjOUTPUT The A6l8 and the A6l9 Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) are contained on one DEC double Flip-ChipTM Module. These modules are also double width in the lower (B section) half. The converters are complete with a 10-bit buffer registers. level converters. a precision divider network, and a current summing amplifier capable of d'riving external loads up to 10 rna. The reference voltage is externally supplied for greatest efficiency and optimum scale factor matching in multi-channel applications. The A6l9 DAC output voltage is bi-polar while the A618 DAC ,Qutput voltage is uni-pular. Binary numbers are represented as shown (right justifi~d) in Table 1: TABLE 1 Analog Output (Standard) Binary Input OOOOR 0400 x 1000x 1400 x 1777 x , A6l8 Ov +2.5v +5.0v +7.5v +lO.Ov A6l9 -lOY or -5v -5v or -2.5v volts +5v or +2.5v +lOv or +5v o A6 18-$300 A619-$325 214 OUTPUT: o to +10 volts Voltage: (A618--Standard) Voltage: (A619-Standard) Current: Impedance: Settling Time: (Full scale step, resistive load) (Full scale step, 1000 pf) Resolution: Linearity: Zero Offset: Temperature Coefficient: Temperature Range: ±5 or ± 10 volts 10 rna MAX. <0.1 ohm <5.0 JLsec <10.0 JA.sec 1 part in 1024 ±0.05% of full scale ±5 mv MAX. <0.2 mv/oC to 50°C o INPUT Level: 1 TTL Unit Load Pulse: (positive) Input loading: 20 TTL Unit load Rise and Fall Time: Width: Rate: Timing: 20 to 100 nsec >50 nsec 106 HZ max. Data lines must be settled 40 nsec before the "LOAD DAe" pulse (transition) occurs. POWER REQUIREMENTS: Reference Power: Amplifier Power: Logic Power: -10.06 volts, 60 rna ± 15 volts, 25 rna (plus output loading) +5 volts, 135 rna ·-15 volts, 60 rna NOTES: *Voltage-:-A619: Full scale voltage (±5 or ± 10) must be specified at time of purchase. Price: Price stated is for standard output voltage and current. Other output are available on request. chara~eristics 215 '\ ~ 10-BIT D/A CONVERTER DOUBLE BUFFERED SERIES L.-_ _ _ _TY_P_ES_A_6_2_0_an_d_A_62_1_____ 10 DATA LINES \ BE BH BJ LOAD OAC INPUT REG. AMPl..IFIER POWER UPDATE OAe LOGIC POWER ,...--......, AA AB AC 000 000 +5 -15 GNO -E REF. {BR ANA~~ BT The A620 and theA62l Digltal-to-Analog Converters (DAC) are contained on one DEC double Flip-Chip Module. These modules are also double-width in the lower (8 section) half. The converters are complete with two 10-bit buffer registers, level converters, a precision divider network, and a current sum:. ming amplifier, capable of driving external loads up to 10 mao The reference voltage is externally supplied for greatest efficiency and optimum scale-factor matching in multi-channel-application. The A62l DAC output voltage is bi-polar while the A620 DAC output voltage in uni-polar. The double-buffered DAC's are offered to satisfy those applications where it is imperative to update several analog output Simultaneously. When DAC's deliver input to a multi-channel analog tape system or update the constants of an analog computer, the double·buffer feature may be necessary to prevent skew in the analog data. A620-$300 A621-$375 216 / Binary numbers are represented as shown (right justified)· in Table 1: TABLE 1 Analog Output (Standard) Binary Input A620 A621 0000 8 Ov +2.5v +5.0v +7.5v +10.0v -10v or -5v -5v or-2.5v -0 volts +5v or +2.5v +10v or +5v 0500 R 10008 15Q0 8 17778 OUTPUT: Voltage: (A620-Standard) Voltage: (A621-Standard*) Current: Impedance: Settling Time: (Full scale step, resistive Load) (Full sca.le step, 1000 pf) Resolution: Linearity: Zero Offset: Temperature Coefficient: Temperature Range: o to 10 volts ±5 or ± 10 volts 10 ma MAX. <0.1 ohms <5.0 ....sec <10 ....sec 1 part in 1024 ±0.05% of full ±5 mv MAX. <0.2 mv/oC o to 50°C ~cale INPUT: level: 1 TTL Unit load Pulse: (positive) Input loading: 20 TTL Unit load Rise and Fall Time: 20 to 100 nsec Width: >50 nsec Rate: 106 Hz MAX. Timing: 1. Data lines must be settled 40 nsec before the "lOAD DAC" pulse (transition) occurs. 2. The "Update DAC" pulse must occur more than 100 nsec after the "LOAD DAC" pulse. POWER REQUIREMENTS: Reference Power: Amplifier Power: logic Power: -10.6 volts, 60 rna ± 15 volts, 25 rna (plus output loading) + 5 volts, 190 ma -15 volts, 60 ma Notes: *Voltage--A621: Full scale voltage (± 5 or ± 10) must be specified at time of purchase. Price: Price stated is for standard output voltage and current. Other output characteristics are avaUable on request. 217 A 12 BIT MULTIPLYING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER A660 ~----------------------------------------~ 81.2 8" 810 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 m en m en - ..J :I N ANALOG RETURN +5V DIGITAL RETURN ANALOG OUTPUT AH1 LAJ1 ANALOG REFERENCE INPUT DIGITAL INPUTS +15V -15V ~ SERIES AD1,AD2 AE1,AE2 AF1,AF2 AA1,AA2,8A1,8A2 AC2,BC2 The A660 is a precision 12 bit multiplying digital to analog converter whose output is the product of the external analog references voltage supplied and digital code presented. This Of A converter is OTL and TTL compatible, requires essentially zero warmup time, and has high output current drive capabilities. It also may be used in either unipolar or operations. This unit may be used in applications where precision digital control must be exercised over an analog signal. It also may be used in systems requir· ing synchro to digital conversion, AC transducer digitization, or in hybrid computation. A660-$500 218 When operating in conjunction with an external DC reference source, - the A660 -may be used as a conventional D/A converter with the output polarity determined by the references polarity. The A660 employs advance shielding techniques which allow proper operation under normal ambient electrostatic and electromagnetic conditions. SPECIFICATIONS , ~umber of Bits: 12 Coding: Binary-A,?solute Value Input logic levels: High logic One I TTL load Accuracy-(OC to 4 KHz) ± .025% FS, ±0.01 % of reading = Temp. Coefficient of Offset: 200 microvoltsl ° C. Temp. Coefficient of Range: 20 PPM/ Feedthrough (for 20 v. p:p sine wave; all bits off): at 1 KHz: • 1 mV RMS Analog Reference Input Range: ± 10 v. Full Scale o C. C: Input Impedance: 10 K Frequency: Down 0.02% at 20 KHz Phase Shift: <7 0 at 20 KHz Output Range: ±10 v . . Output Current: 15 mao Short Circuit Protection: Indefinitely to ground Phase Output in Phase with Ref. Attenuation Range-Absolute Value 000 111 000 111 OUTPUT 0.0000 Volts (0.9976) X (Input Ref.) Volts DIGITAL 000 000 111 111 Binary Settling Time to Digital Change: lOms. Size: One double module. Power Requirement: +15v @ 14 rna. -15v @ 3 rna. +5v @ 20 mao 219 height double width Q;J REFERENCE SUPPLIES A702, A704 .. SERIES (DO_U_Bl_E_H_E_IG_Hn________ L-.-_ _ _ _ AN AU TEST POINTS AM AT +SENSE AC AV -SENSE REF REF SUPPLY AE AT +SENSE AV - SENSE AE - OUTPUT SUPPLY AC -OUTPUT Module Output Type Current 1mv/oC ±60 ma A702 -10 v A704 -10 v -90 to +40 ma 1 mv/8hrs 1 mv/15° to 35°C 4 mv/O° to 50°C Module Adjustment Type Resolution A702 A704 5 mv Peak Peak to Ripple Temperature Coefficient Regulation Input Power 30 mv, no load to full load 10 mv 0.1 mv, no load to full load 0.1 mv Output Impedance Use -15 v/100 ma +10 v (8)/10 ma Load with 500~f at load. May also be preloaded' if desired 0.5 ohms 0.01 mv -15 ±2 v/250 ma See below for sensing 0.0025 ohms and preloading Remote Sensing: The input to the regulating circuits of the A704 is connected at sense terminals AT (+) and AV (-). Connection from these points to the load voltage at the most critical location provides maximum regulation at a selected point in a distributed or remote load. When the sense terminals are connected to the load at a relatively distant location, a capacitor of approximately 100 ~f should be connected across the load at the sensing point. A702-$58 A704-$175 220 Preloading: The supplies may be prelcaded to. grcund cr -15v to. change the amcunt cf current available in either direction. For driving DEC Digital-Analog Ccnverter mcdules,-l25 rna maximum can be cbtained by ccnnecting a 2700±5% 1 watt resistor from the -lOv pin AE reference output to pin AC grcund (A704 cnly). Pin Connections: The A704 is a double-sized mcdule. The top pin letters are prefixed A. Wiring: Digital-analcg and analcg-digital ccnverters perfcrm best when mcdule locations and wiring are optimized. All Digital-Analog Converter modules shculd be side-by-side. In an analcg-digital ccnverter, the comparatcr should be mou,:,ted next to. the ccnverter mcdule fcr the bits cf mcst significance. The reference supply mcdules shculd be mcunted nearby, and if the A704 is used, its sense terminals shculd be wired to. the most'significant-bits converter mcdule. The high quality grcund must be connected to. the commcn ground cnly at pin AC cf the reference supply mo.dule, and this point should also. be the ccmmcn grcund fcr analcg inputs to. analcg-digital ccnverters. Dc nct mcunt A-series mcdules clcser than necessary to. po.wer supply transfo.rmers o.r ether so.urces o.f fluctuating electric o.r magnetic fields. . , 221 IAl 10 BIT AjD CONVERTER ""'-_ _ _ _ _ _ AS_l_l_ _ _ _ _---' CONTROL LOGIC 'ANALOG INPUT L---_-,-_~ ~ AH START PULSE 8M A/O DONE PULSE o TO A CONVERTER DIGITAL OUTPUT BIT I (MSBI 2 3 4 5 6 ABO' lO-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER 7 10~BIT AM BL BR BK 8 BP 9 BS BT to (LSBI ASU AE AD AN ANALOG·TO·DIGITAL CONVERTER The A·SII is a complete, lO·bit successive approximation, analog to digital converter with a built in reference supply. The complete converter is con· tained on one DEC double FLIP CHIPTM logic module. Conversion is initiated by raising the Convert input to logic 1 (+4 volts). The digital result is avail· able at the output within 10 microseconds. An AI D Done Pulse is generated· when the result i~valid. The A·Sll uses monorifhic integrated circuits for Co'ntrol logic, output register, and comparator. The ASU requires 2 vertical connectors and the top section (connector A) requires 2 connector widths. ASll-$350 222 100 NANOSECONDS BIT 10 Common Mode Voltage:* 0.25 V max. Common Mode Rejection: > 70db at 60 Hz External Trigger: millivolt. - 9 milliseconds Sample Aperture (part of . conv. time): Control Inputs Internal Trigger: +1 1000 meg ohms Internal oscillator provided for auton· omous operation of converter; can be enabled by grounding internal trigger line. Triggered by leading (negative-going voltage) edge 1 TTL load. Internal trig· ger must be disabled by hard wire to +5volts. Digital OutputsData (11 lines): Parallel data available after end of conversion. Logie one is high; 8 TTL loads. End of Conversion Output logic one during conversion. (Busy Status): High to low transition indicates end of conversion. Carry Input: Input to control flip flop that deter· mines word length of converter. For 11 bits + sign. 'connect carry input (BKl) to 29 out (BK2) .. Overload: Output logic one when analog exceeds full scale ' Power Requirements: ±15V ±0.3% at 20 rna. +5V at 150 mao Size: One double height double width mod· ule. * Note: Unit normally supplied witt! analog minus input connected to analog return through R6 (r). For differential inputs remove R6. 225 A HIGH SPEED 12 BIT AID CONVERTERS A86! A862 ~----------------------------------------~ ~ .... fOK lIT BB1 B01 CLOCK ADJ. CLOCK - B1 - BE1 A861- A86l AJl AKl AFl AF1 ANALOG RETURN BFi EOC BH1 AU1 BV1 AUZ AVl RESET START CONVERT BJZ BKl -SHOT CYCLE .. BlZ B5 BMZ B6 BNl B9 B11 81l -- BFl . 810 .. ... Bl B8 - BEl B3 B7 ANALOG INPUT --... --. -"" p B4 SERIAL OUTPUT ~ SERIES .. ---.. BPl BRl p BSl p BTl .. BU2 BVl .. cnNERTER TRIG. IN -f ~ INHIBIT POWER REQUIREMENTS +5V LOGIC GROUM> '-15V +15V ANALOG RETURN BAl,AA2,BA1,AA1 BCZ, ACZ, BCi ,AC1 AE1, AEZ AD1,ADl AK2 ,AFl • AF1 The A861 and A862 are high speed analogI digital converters that provide adjustment-free 12 bit accuracy over the specified temperature range. The A861 is a unipolar converter with an input range of 0 to +10 volts and a straight binary output, whereas the A862 is a bipolar converter whose input is in the ± 10 volt range with an output that is coded offset binary or 2's complement. A861-$595 A862-$595 226 80th of these modtlles employ the successive approximation techniques and include a self-contained clock and trigger circuitry that will allow adjustment of the conversion time to a level from 12 microseconds to 48 microseconds. The A86l and A862 are DTL and TTL compatible and may be used with standard M and K Series modules, as well as standard DEC hardware for system configuration. Both AID converters are packaged on a double-height double-width module and contain internal reference supplies that are adjustable. In packaging the A861 and A862, advance· shielding techniques have been employed to allow stable operation under ambient electrostatic and electromagnetic co'nditions. To minimize potential ground loop problems, separate ground returns are brought to: a. Digital power supply return pin. b. Analog power supply return pin. c. Analog signal return pin. 80th of these modules are useful in systems demanding high integral accuracy and long term reliability, such as computer linkage, biomedical data transmission, process control, and conversion of instrumentation data. Range and offset adjustments are provided on the module. ·227 SPECIFICATION A862 (BIPOLAR) A861 (UNIPOLAR) Technique: Resolution: Accuracy vs. speed @ 23'C: Reference: Code: Temp. Coeff. of Offset: Temp. Coeff. of Gain: Signal Input Load: Input Range: Data Output-Parallel: N N co Clock Adjustment (Multi-Turn Pot): End of Conversion Output: Serial Data (available during conversion): Converter Trigger: Inhibit Trigger: Power Requirements: Successive Approximation 12 Bits :±: 0.01% of FS. @ 48 ",sec cony. ± 0.015% of FS. @ 24 \.Lsec l:onv. :±: 0.05% of FS. @ 12 ~Lsec cony. Internal +5V and + 10V supplies; adjustable Straight binary ± 0.001 %! cC (20 ppm! CC) X Input Voltage Applied 2.5K ohms returned to +5 volts o to +10V True side of all bits 7 TTL unit loads. Variable from 12 to 48 microsecond conversion time Goes High During Conversion; Returns to low state @ at end of conversion 8 TTL LOADS NRZ code available (Binary) 8 TTL loads Triggered on the leading (negative-going voltage) edge, 1 TTL load logic zero inhibits + 15V @ 55 mao - 15V @ 12 mao 5V @ 420 ma_ One double height double width module. + Size: Successive Approximation 12 Bits :±: 0.01 % of FS. @ 48 ",sec cony. ± 0.015% of FS. @ 24 \.Lsec conv. ± 0.05% of FS. @ 12 J,Lsec cony. Internal +5V and +10V supplies; adjustable OFFSET Binary or 2's complement .001%/oC (20 ppm! °C) X Input Voltage Applied 5000 ohms returned to +5 volts -lOV to +10V. True side or All Bits plus false side of MSB 7 TTL unit loads. Variable from 12 to 48 microsecond conversion time Goes High During CQnversion; Returns to low state @ at end of conversion 8 TTL LOADS NRZ code available (offset binary) 8 TTL loads Triggered on the leading (negative-going voltage) edge, 1 TTL load LogiC zero inhibits 1 TTL load 15V @ 55 mao - 15V @ 12 rna. 5V @ 420 mao One double height double width module_ + + The A Series analog module line has been substantially expanded. Shown here are a few of the new units. The A Series additions are DTL and TTL compatible and compatible with DEC K and M Series modules, computers, control systems and standard instrumentation. 229 DUAL POWER SUPPLY POWER SUPPLY H704. H707 15 Volts H704 H707 These supplies differ only in dimensions and output current capabilities: 400 ma and 1.5 Amperes respectively for the H704 and H707. May be mounted on the bars in an H920 drawer, taking the space of two connector blocks. . MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS DIMENSIONS: 3 1/4 x 3 3/s X 5 in. height (H704) DIMENSIONS: 4" x 5" X 5%" height (H707) CON-'ECTIONS: All input-output wires must be soldered to octal socket at the base of the power supply. ' OPERATING TEMPERATURE: -20 to +71°C ambient H704-$200 H707~$400 230 POWER CONNECTIONS: Input power connections are made via tab terminals which fit the AMP "Fastort" receptacle series. Output power is supplied to solder lugs. All required mounting hardware is supplied with this unit. See 914 power jumpers. Length: 8" Width: 5" Height: 6" Finish: Chromicoat ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT VOLTAGE: 105 to 125 vac; 47-420 cps. OUTPUT VOLTAGE: floating 15 v OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT: ± 1 veach output REGULATION: 0.05% line, 0.1 % load for both voltages RIPPLE: 1 mv rms max for both outputs OVERLOAD PROTECTION: The power supply is capable of withstanding output short circuits indefinitely without being damaged. 5 TO 4 IF REMOTE SENSING IS NOT USED, CONNECT: 6 TO 7 -15V SENS +15V SENS -t5V +15V +15V 105-115VAC +15V SENS 115--125 VAC -15V SENS -15V AC-COM POWER SUPPLY 1 POWER SUPPLY 2 The H704 and H707 contain two 15 volt floating power supplies. To get ± 15 volt supply, connect pins 7 and 8 and use this point as ground. Pin 4 will now be at positive 15 volts and pin 11 will be negative 15 volts. 231 The Module Assembly area has shifted emphasis from volume production to complex experimental work_ The above process is a special sub-assembly of an indicator light board designed for a control unit. 232 • Universal Hardware and Accessories Digital manufactures a complete line of hardware accessories in support of its module series. Module connectors are available for as few as one module and as many as 64. A complete line of cabinets is available to house the modules and their connector blocks, as well as providing a convenient means for system expansion. Power supplies for both large and small systems and reference supplies are also available. Coupled with the recent additions to the hardware line, Digital has madt:: every effort to maintain or improve the high standards of reliability and perfor· mance of its present line. Through the availability of a wide range of basic accessories, DEC feels that it is offering the logic designer the necessary building blocks which he requires for complete system design. 50-CYCLE. POWER Because of the demand for Digital's products in areas where 1I5-v, 60:cps power is not available, each of the power supplies with a frequency·sensitive regulating transformer is also available in a multi·voltage 50·cps version. All 50·cps supplies have the same input connections. The line input is on pins 3 and 4. Jumpers should be connected depending on the input voltage. WIRING HINTS These suggestions may help reduce mounting panel wiring time. They are not intended to replace any special wiring instructions given On individual module data sheets or in application notes. For fastest and neatest wiring, the following order is recommended. 233 (lr All power & ground wiring and any horizontalty bussed signal wiring. Use Horizontal Bussing Strips Type 932 or Type 933. (2) Vertical grounding wires interconnecting each chassis ground with pin C grounds. Start these wires at the uppermost mounting panel and continue to the bottom panel. Space the wires 2 inches apart, so each of the chassisground pins is in line with one of them. Each vertical wire makes three connections at each mounting panel. (3) All ether ground wires. Always use the nearest pin C above the pin to be grounded, unless a special grounding pin has been provided in the module. (4) All signal wires in any convenient order. Point-to-point wiring produces the shortest wire lengths, goes in the fastest, is easiest to trace and change, and generally results in better appearance and performance than cabled wiring. Point-to-point wiring is strongly urged. The recommended wire size for use with the H800 mounting blocks and 1943 mounting panels is 24 for wire wrap, and 22 for soldering. The recommended size for use with H803 block and H911 mounting panels is #30 wire. larger or smaller wire may be used depending on the number of connections to be made to each lug. Solid wire and a heat resistant spaghetti (Teflon) are easiest to use when soldering. Adequate grounding is essential. In addition to the connection between mounting panels mentioned above, there must be continuity of grounds between cabinets and between the logic assembly and any equipment with which the logic communicates. When soldering is done on a mounting panel containing modules, a 6-v (transformer) soldering iron should be used. A llO-v soldering iron may damage the modules. When wire wrapping is done on a mounting panel containing modules, steps must be taken to avoid voltage transients that can burn out transistors. A battery- or air-operated tool is preferred, but the filter built into some lineoperated tools affords some protection. Even with completely isolated tools, such as those operated by batteries or compressed air, a static charge can often build up and burn out semiconductors. In order to prevent damage, the wire wrap tool should be grounded except when all modules are removed from the mounting panel during wire wrapping. AUTOMATIC WIRING Significant cost savings can be realized in quantity production if the newest automatic wiring techniques are utilized. Every user of FLIP CHIP modules benefits from the extensive investment in high-production machinery at Digital, but some can go a step further by taking advantage of programmed wiring for their FLIP CHIP digital systems. While the break-even pOint for hand wiring versus programmed wiring depends upon many factors that are difficult to predict precisely, there are a few indications: 1. One-of-a-kind systems will probably not be economical with automatic wiring, even when the size is fairly large; programming and administrative costs are likely to outweigh savings due to lower costs in the wiring itself. 234 2. At the other end of the spectrum, production of 50 or 100 identical systems of almost any size would be worth automating, not only to lower the cost of the wiring itself but also to reduce human error. At this level of volume, machine-wired costs can be expected to be less than the cost of hand wiring. 3. For two to five systems of several thousand wires each, a decision on the basis of secondary factors will probably be necessary: ease of making changes, wiring lead time, reliability predictions, and availability of relevant skills are factors to consider. The Gardner-Denver Corporati.on, and Digital can supply further information to those interested in programmed wiring techniques. At Digital, contact the Module Sales Manager, Sales Department. COOLING OF FLIP CHIP. MODULES The low power consumption of K and M series modules results in a total of only about 25 watts dissipation in a typical 1943 Mounting Panel with 64 modules. This allows up to six panels of modules to be mounted together and cooled by convection alone, if air is allowed to circulate freely. In higherdiss!pation systems using modules in significant quantities from the A series. the number of mounting panels stacked together must be reduced without forced-air cooling. In ~neral. total dissipation from all modules in a convec· tion-cooled system should be 150 watts or less. The regulating transformers used in most DEC power supplies have nearly constant heat dissipat.ion for any loading within the ratings of the supply; Power dissipated within each supply will be roughly equal to half its maximum rated ouput power. If power supplies are mounted below any of the modules in a convection-cooled system, this dissipation must be included when checking against the 150 watt limit. MOUNTING PANEL HARDWARE HOOl,HOO2, H020, H021, H022 UNIVERSAL HARDWARE PAIRS OF SETBACK BRACKET: Hool - 3,4" standoff used to mount a 1907 over K943 wiring as shown in the description of the K943. Hoo2 - 2" setback·used to mount a control panel with switches, lamps, etc. This setback brings the control panel up flush with the mounting rack or cabinet in front of the log:c wiring. MOUNTING FRAMES H020 - Mounting frame casting upon which HBOO, HB03, HBOB connector blocks, power supplies, such as, the H710 and other components that are adaptable to the frame mounting requirements can be mounted. H021 - Single offset end plate which mounts to the H020. This end plate provides a mount for the 1945·19 hold down bar, if required. H022 - Single end plate similar to the H021 on which is mounted a terminal block assembly for ease of parallel power wiring to adjacent panels. HOOt H001·PR-$8 H002·PR-$8 H02o-$15 H02l-$7 H022-$20 236 CONNECTOR BLOCKS UNIVERSAL HARDWARE HBOO-W, HBOO-F This is the 8-module socket assembly used in Flip,Chip· mounting panels. Because of its 18 pin connectors, it can be used for all modules except those with pins on both sides of the board. Pin dimensions are .031 inches by.062 inches and may be of either a wire wrap or solder fork type. Number 24 wire should be used with these connectors. The drawings below show the pertinent dimensions. WIRE-WRAP TOTAL LENGTH ~ --~------6-112'"-_--.j 1.750 WIRE WRAP TERMINAL ---I CLEJIRANCE FOR COWONENTS ON TliE MOOIA..E IN THIS SLOT ~ I I I I I I I I ---------~ @ IL __ ,-L--------l 1.375" I ,~,. I I TERMINAL J 1------3-I I--0 ,...-- I I s~g~ V4" !if16" CXIt.WTEJII8CR: 3116"OEEP I 0.500" ~ ~ l~._~ r--~ I I I I 0.375 5.170" IL. _ _ L~:·J-H:·'-/4"~ ~20"~ VIEW fllON NODULE SlOE SOLDER FORK TOTAL LENGTH REPLACEMENT CONTACTS TYPES H801-W, H801-f These contacts are offered in packages of 18 for replacement purposes. In each package, nine straight and nine offset contacts are included, enough to replace all contacts in one socket. H801-W is for wire-wrap connectors; H801-F is' for solder-fork connectors_ HSOOF-$8 HBOOW-$8 H801F-$2 H801W-$2 237 ~______CO__N_N_EC_:_~_O~__B_L_OC__K______~I-_~_:_~_:W_RA_S:_~_ ~t----- ... ~I. 2.594 R E F . - - - - -.. t L~ 1000 0125]~ ci~ REF. ..t..0.125 REF. -----.J L I I This is an 18 pin connector block for a single FLIP CHIPS module. It can be used to mount all modules except those with pins on both. sides of the board. Pin dimensions are .031 inches by .062 inches and may be of the wire wrap type only. Number 24 wire should be used with this connector. H802-$4 238 CONNECTOR BLOCK UNIVERSAL HARDWARE Haoa, Ha09 PINS WIRE-WRAP TOTAL (1.7"'1 1:= LENGTH 6','.~ r--WIRE WRAP : I n~~i I I I IL __ _ O.500-~ r--I I , , I I I I L __ _ I I ~2.0'~ VIEW FROM MODULE SIDE The Ha08 is a relatively low density connector block for use with all modules in the catalog. This includes A, K, M, and W Series modules. The connector provides 4 module slots each having 36 pins. On A, K and W. Series modules only the 2 side pins, (A2, 82, etc.) will make contact. This connector adds a measure of convenience and versatility to the many uses to which these catalog modules can be applied. The dimensions of the connector pins are the same as those for the H800 (.031 inches by .062 inches). Number 24 wire should be used with these blocks, H800 and H808 connector blocks can be mixed for M and A, K, W module mixing purposes. Wire wrapping patterns can be maintained even though module letter series are mixed because H800 and Ha08 pin layout is identical. Ha09 is a package of 36 replacement pins, 18 left and 18 right. H808--$10 H809-$ 4 239 WIRING ACCESSORIES 932, 933, 934, 935, 936 H8l0, H8ll, H812, H813, H814 UNIVERSAL ACCESSORIES 932 BUS STRIP Simplifies wiring of register pulse busses, power, and grounds. Same as used in K943 with H8DD blocks. 933 -$0.60 933 BUS STRIP Simplifies wiring of power, ground and signal busses on mounting panels using H8D3 connectors. 933-$1 934 WIRE-WRAPPING WIRE 1000 ft. roll of 24 gauge solid wire with tough, cut'resistant insulation. (Use Teflon insulated wire instead for soldering.) For use with H800 connectors. 934-$50 240 935 WIRE-WRAPPING WIRE 1000 foot roll of 30 guage insulated solid wire for use with HS03 connectors. 935-$60 936 19 CONDUCTOR RIBBON CABLE Use on W Series connector modules or ~plit into 9-conductor cables for use with K5S0, K6Sl, K683, etc. 936-$0_601 ft. HalO PISTOL GRIP HAND WIRE WRAPPING TOOL The type- HSlO Wire Wrapping Tool is designed for wrapping #24 or #30 solid wire on Digital-type connector pins. The H8l0 Kit includes the proper sleeves and bits. It is recommended that five turns of bare wire be wrapped on these pins. This tool may also be purchased from Gardner-Denver Co. (Gardner-Denver part No. l4H-lC) with No. 26263 bit and No. 18840 sleeve for wrapping #24 wire. Specify bit #504221 and sleeve #500350 for wrapping # 30 wire. When ordering from Digital, specify the sleeve and bit size desired: HSlO-# 24 wire H810(24)-$ 99 HSIOA-#30 wire H810A-$ 99 HS10B-#24 and #30 wire HSIOB-$150 241 The Type H8ll Hand Wrapping tool is useful for service or repair applications. It is designed for wrapping #24 solid wire on DEC Type HaOO-W connector pins. This tool may also be purchased from Gardner·Denver Co. as GardnerDenver Part #A20557-12. Wire wrapped connections may be removed with the Type H812 Hand Un· wrapping tool. This tool may also be purchased from Gardner-Denver Co. as Gardner-Denver Part #500130. The H8llA and H812A are equivalent to the H811 and the H812 except that the A versions are designed for .#30 wire. Both tools may be purchased from Gardner-Denver directly under the following part numbers: H8llA A-20557-29; H812A 505244-475. The H813 is a #24 bit; H813A, a #30 bit. The H814 is a #24 sleeve; H814A, a #30 sleeve. None of the Wire Wrapping Tools will be accepted for credit under any circumstances. H811(24) H811A(30) H812(24) H812A(30) - $21.50 $21.50 $10.50 $10.50 H813(24) H813A(30) H814(24) H814A(30) - $30 $30 $21 $21 I WIRING ACCESSORIES 913, 914, 915 H820, H821, H825, H826 UNIVERSAL ACCESSORIES 913 AND 915 PATCHCORDS These patchcords provide slip-on connections for FLIP CHIP mounting panels and are available in Color-coded lengths of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, and 64 inches. All cords are shipped in quantities of 100 in handy polystyrene boxes. Type 913 patchcords are for 24 gauge wirewrap and use AMP Terminal Type #60530-1. Type 915 patchcords are for 30 gauge wirewrap and use AMP Terminal Type #85952-3. H820 AND H821 GRIP CLIPS FOR SHlp·ON PATCHCORDS The type H820 and H821 GRIP CLIPS are identical to slip-on connectors used in respectively the 913 and 915 patchcords. These connectors are shipped in packages of 1000 and permit fabrication of patchcords to any desired length. H820 GRIP CLIPS will take size 24-20 awg. wire and may be purchased from AMP, Inc. as AMP part #60477-2. H821 GRIP CLIPS will take size 30·24 awg. wire and are AMP part #85952-3. 242 H825 HAND CRIMPING TOOL Type H825 hand crimping tool may be used to crimp the type H820 GRIP CLIP connectors. Use of this tool insures a good electrical connection. This tool may also be obtained from AMP, Inc. a~ AMP part #90084. H826 HAND CRIMPING TOOL Type H826 hand crimping tool may be used to crimp the type H821 'GRIP CLIP connectors. This tool is identical to AMP part #9019-1. . 914 POWER JUMPERS For interconnections between power supplies, mounting panels, and logic lab panels, these jumpers use AMP "Faston" receptacles series 250. Specify 914-7 for interconnecting adjacent mounting panels, or 914-19 for other runs of up to 19 inches. 914-7 contains 10 jumpers per package; 914-19 contains 10 jumpers per package. The 914-7 jumpers are 7 inches long and the 914-19 jumpers are 19 inches long. 913 914-7 914-19 915 - $18/pkg. of 100 - $4/pkg. - $4/pkg. $33/pkg. of 100 243 H820 - $48/pkg. of 1000 H821 - $75/pkg. of 1000 H825-$146 H826-$210 MODULE DRAWER H920 UNIVERSAL HARDWARE The H920 Module Drawer provides a convenient mounting arrangement for a complete digital logic system. The H920 has space for 20 mounting blocks in addition to an H710, or H716 power supply, or 24 mounting blocks without a supply. It accepts H800, H803, and H808 mounting blocks and fits standard 19" racks. Width of the H920 is 16314", depth is 19" and height is 6 3,4" including an H921 front panel. The H920 is equipped with a bracket for distributing power within the drawer, or to other drawers or mounting panels. Mounting arrangements are provided for the H921 front panel and H923 slide tracks. The H921 front panel is designed for use primarily with the H920 Module Drawer. It provides mounting space for switches, indicators, etc. The H921 is pre-drilled and ready to mount on the H920. Height of the H921 is 6314", width is 19". H923 chassis slides are intended for use with the H920 Module Drawer. The H923 allows the user to slide the drawer out of the rack and tilt the drawer for easy access. H920-$170 H921-$ 10 H923-$ 75 244 MODULE DRAWER H925 UNIVERSAL HARDWARE The H925 Module: Drawer provides mounting space for HSOO, HS03, and HSOS connector blocks to accommodate up to 144 modules. The connector blocks mount pins upward on the H925 for easy access during system checkout. The right side of the H925 is provided with three axial flow fans (300 c'fm) which are mounted internally. They provide cooling air flow across the mounted modules. For power supply' mounting in the H925 cabinet, omit 4 connector blocks thereby deleting 32 module slots, when using the HSOO or HS03 connector blocks. If the HSOS blocks are used, 16 module slots are deleted. Mount the power supply externally if all logic mounting space is required. For ease of mounting, the H925 is provided with two non-tilting slides, similar to Grant type 55-16S·NT. Considering possible servicing, the H925 should be mounted with enough height for using bottom access. The H925 includes top and bottom cover plates along with an attractive bezel and front subpanel. The subpanel is made of sturdy I6-guage metal for mounting front panel controls and accessories. The bezel is designed for installing a customer-supplied dress panel. The dress panel should have a thickness of11a". The H925 fits a/l DEC 19" racks. H925-$250 245 19" MOUNTING PANEL FRAME UNIVERSAL H941AA HARDWARE This rugged steel frame holds four 19" x 5IA" mounting panels. A quickrelease pin snaps out to allow the two-piece frame to swing open for easy . access to the back panel wiring and connections. The construction of this frame allows sufficient rigidity for vertical or horizontal mounting. The Black Tweed finished aluminum cover affords mechanical protection for the circuitry as well as a neatly finished appearance for your digital logic system. The cover attaches to the frame with two thumb-release, positive·grip fasteners. The H941 AA holds up to 32 H800, H803 and H808 Connector Blocks. It provides up to 256 module slots with H800 and H803 Connector Blocks and 128 slots with the H808's. The frame is designed to accept K943, H911, H914, 1943 Module Panels and H900, H910, H913, H916, H917 panels with power supplies. These panels attach to the pre-tapped frame with 10·32 x 1;2 II machine screws. Frame Height: 23" Frame Width: 24" Overall Depth (Cover and Frame): 8" Frame Mounting Hole Centers: 12 x 22 112" Frame Mounting Bolt: IA II dia. Weight (Cover and Frame): Approx. 25 Ibs. Cover Material: .093" Sheet Aluminum 246 H941 BA, H941 AA Includes Cover and Two Piece Frame $175.00 247 CABINET I H950 Front view of H950 frame. UNIVERSAL HARDWARE' Rear view of H950 frame. 248 Digital Equipment Corporation manufactures a standard 19" mounting frame assembly that offers the customer complete flexibility in selecting hardware to design the cabinet. It is a complete enclosure designed to house module racks, power supplies, computer, systems, and peripherals. The H950·AA frame assembly. which includes a filter cover, is designed for sophisticated computer systems. It is constructed of rugged 12 and 13 gauge steel. The two pairs of frame uprights have 9/32" holes drilled at standard EIA spacings (o/a-o/a-%) the full length of the 63" mounting panel height. 63" FILLER STRIP STABILIZER FOOT (TWO REQ'D) I:t6" f LEVELER --L.J MOUNTING HOLES 18- 5116" CENTER TO CENTER ALL SIDES 249 OPTIONAL PARTS H950 UNIVERSAL HARDWARE 1. The H952·EA caster set (4) and H952·FA leveler set (4) are needed for the H950 frame to provide mobility and balance to the cabinet. 2. The fan assembly H952·CA is mounted to the top pan. of the H950·AA frame. When ordering, please specify the direction of air flow, up or down. 3. H952·AA end panels are standard gray and are easily mounted to the frame. 4. The frame identification panel (LOGO) H950·lT is available with colored adhesive inlay strips of brown/yellow or dark blue/light blue. 5. The H950-P or -Q bezel cover panel is available in heights of 5IA" and 10Y2" with a 19" panel width_ It is used as a cover panel or filler for the front of the cabinet. The customer can select any combination of bezels to fill the cabinets front panel space of 63". 6. The H950-HA through H950-H K series of short doors are available for mounting to the cabinet's front side. A various table of short doors is listed in the H950 parts list. The customer has the option of completing the front side of the cabinet with a combination of short doors and bezels. NOTE: Dimensions of doors listed only cover' mounting panel height. Check special considerations section for short door limitations. 7. The H950-BA (right·hand door) and H-950~CA (left-hand door) are full doors for rear and front mounting to the H·950·AA frame. See special considerations section for front mounting. 8. The rear mounting panel door, also called a plenum door H950·DA or EA, is for left·hand or right-hand mounting. There is a distinct advantage to using the plenum door for mounting power supplies, logic racks, module connector block panels, etc. It offers convenient access for ser· vicing and mounting equipment. It is designed for 19"- panels and holes are drilled to 9/32" at standard EIA spacings (518-0/8-%) the full length of the plenum donr frame. The customer has the option of select· ing a rear mounting panel door skin H950-FA that bolts to the plenum door or ordering a full door. For additional information, see special con· sideration section. 9. The fitter H950-SA should be ordered only for fans that are to be used for air flow intake. 250 Special ConsidenItions Before ordering a cabinet, the following should be considered: 1) If a LOGO is used, only a short door can be used on the cabinet front. 2) When ordering a cabinet to add to a system, or when joining two or more cabinets, front and rear fillers H952·G are required. 3) If power supplies with meters or switches are mounted to the plenum door H950-DA (RH) or H950-EA (LH), a full door H950-DA (RH) H950-cA (LH) is needed. 4) The mounting panel door skin H950-FA bolts to the plenum door and is used in place of a full door when hardware mounted to the plenum door does not require servicing. 5) All cabinets require power supplies adapted for 19" rack mounting. 17" .. rack panels can be converted to 19" by using extenders. Up to five power supplies can be mounted on a side frame. 6) When ordering stablizer feet, H952-BA (pair) and/ or kickplate 7406782, a short door or full door cannot be used in the cabinet front. 7) If fan assembly H952·CA is required, indicate the direction of desired air . flow (up or down). 8) If using short door, make certain that the equipment for cabinet installa· tion will not interfere with the door height. 9) The inner dimensions of the H950-AA frame on all (4) sides are 18·5/16. Consequently, it offers flexible panel rack expansion. Ordering Format (Example) When ordering H950 Hardware, use the following format: 1. 2. 1 pc Frame 19" cabinet Full door-RH 5 ~ bezel cover panel Fan assembly, air flow upwards Caster set (4) leveler set H950-AA H950-CA H950-P H952-CA H952-EA H952·FA Cabinet add the following: 5- IA II bezel cover panel 10~" bezel cover panel ADD·ON CABINET H950-P H950-Q 251 1 pc 5 pes 1 pc 1 set 1 set 4 pes 2 pc CABINET PARTS LIST Frame 19" wide, 25" deep, 63" mtg. panel includes cover filter and all mtg. hardware Full door (RH) Front & Rear Door Mounting Full door (LH) Front & Rear Door Mounting Mounting panel door (plenum) RH rear mounting Mounting panel door (plenum) LH rear mounting Mounting panel door skin Short door (covers 21" mounting height) Short door (covers 22314" mounting height) Short door (covers 261;4" mounting height) Short door (covers 31112" mounting height) Short door (covers 36 3/4" mounting height) Short door (covers 42" mounting height) Short door (covers 47 1;4" mounting height) Short door (covers 521;2" mounting height) Short door (covers 57 % II mounting height) Short door (covers 63" mounting height) Frame panel (includes LOGO) 5 1;4" bezel cover panel (snap-on) 101;2" bezel cover panel (snap-on) Filter (for fan assembly) End panel (require 2 per cabinet) Stabilizer feet (pair) Fan assembly (specify direction of airflow) Caster set (4) Leveler set (4) Filler strip-front & rear (joining two cabinets) Kick plate Kick plate (use with Add On cabinet) 252 Parts Noo H950-AA H950-BA H95O-CA H950·DA H950-EA H950-FA H950·HA H950·HB H950-HC H950·HD H950·HE H950-HF H950-HG H950·HH H950-HJ H950-HK H950-LA H950~P H950'Q H950·SA H952-AA H952-BA H952-CA H952-EA H952-FA H952-GA 7406782 7406793 ADD-ON OPTION CABINET UNIVERSAL HARDWARE , The Add·on option cabinet uses the same H950·AA frame and parts as listed in the H950 and H952 parts list. It is designed for customers who want to add on to a basic cabinet system. It will house peripheral equipment for 19" panel rack mounting, especially those manufactured by DEC. Among the mounting options are 4K and 8K memory expansions, multiplexers, magnetic tape control transports, disk files, analog·to·digital converters, module racks, and power supplies. The cabinet is supplied without end panels, H952-AA, since the cabinet joins an existing basic system. The filler strip, H952-GA front and rear, are I·beams designed for compatibility between two or more cabinets. The front part of the Add-on cabinet is equipped with a kick plate. The cus· tomer must remove the kick plate if a short door is to be used. The customer must specify what combination of bezels and/ or short doors is needed to complete the front of cabinet. All parts are additional to quoted net price of the Add·on cabinet. The Add·on cabinet includes all of the following: - Part No. Frame-19" wide, 63" mtg. panel height includes filter cover (less filter) Mounting panel door skin Mounting panel door (plenum) Fan assembly - airflow upwards Caster set (4) Panel frame (includes LOGO) Kick plate (to be used wI a stabilizer feet) Filler strip front and rear (only used when joining cabinets) Levelers 253 H950·AA H950·FA H952-EA H952-CA H952-EA H950·LA 7406793 H952-GA H952-FA Ordering In order to efficiently assist the customer, we recommend that the customer specify the type of equipment intended for cabinets. Give the dimensions whenever possible to ensure exact cabinet configurations. Before ordering hardware options for existing cabinets, make certain that they are compatible with the H950·AA standard frame, (overall height 71·7/16" from floor including casters, 19" wide frame, and 63" of vertical panel space). Module Marketing Services of Digital Equipment Corporation will assume responsibility only for parts ordered from the H950 and H952 Parts List. Color Basic color of cabinet hardware is black. Gray is used for end panels and the bezel of the cover panels. Color changes will be accepted if customer's order is for 25 or more cabinet~. Customer must supply color chips for colors desired. Shipping All shipments are FOB Maynard, Massachusetts. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Special packaging has been designed to ensure safe delivery with proper handling. Assembly The customer has the choice of cabinet configuratipn as listed in H950 and H952 Parts List. The customer must indicate whether the cabinet parts are to be shipped unassembled or completely assembled by Digital Equipment Corporation. See special consideration section. Discounts Same discounts that are applied to Modules. See Price List. COLOR CHANGES Standard color of cabinets is black with gray end panels. Customized painting will be accepted with a minimum order of 25 cabinets. Customer must supply a color chip for color desired. An additional charge of $20.00 will be added for each cabinet painted. Order should be sen~ to Module Marketing Services. No cabinet hardware will be accepted for credit or exchange without the prior written approval of DEC, plus proper return authorization number (RA#). All shipments are FOB Maynard, Massachusetts, and prices do not include state or local taxes. Prices, discounts, and specifications are subject to change without notice. Quantity Discounts (Module Discount applies) $ 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 - 3% $- 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 5% 10% 15% 254 - 18% 21% 22% 25% CABINET PRICE LIST MODULE PRODUCTS Description PrIce Module Drawer Front Panel Chassis Slides Module Drawer Frame Full Door (RH) Full Door (LH) Mtg Panel Door (RH) H·950~EA Mtg Panel Door (lH) H-950-FA Mtg Panel Door Skin H-950-HA Short Door (Covers 21 " Mtg) H-950-HB Short Door (Covers 22 3.4" Mtg) H-950-HC Short Door (Covers 26%" Mtg) H-950-HD Short Door (Covers 31 %" Mtg) H-950-HE Short Door (Covers 36 3.4" Mtg) H-950·HF Short Door (Covers 42" Mtg) H-950-HG Short Door (Covers 47%" Mtg) H-950-HH Short Door (Covers 52lh" Mtg) H·950-HJ Short Door (Covers 57 3.4" Mtg) H-950-HK Short Door (Covers 63" Mtg) H-950·LA Frame Panel (includes Logo) H·950·P 51.4" Bezel Cover Panel H·950·Q 10lh" Bezel Cover Panel H-950·SA Filter (for Fan Assembly) H~952·AA End Panel (2 per cab) H-952·BA Stabilizer feet (pair) H-952·CA Fan Assembly (specify air flow) H-952·EA Caster Set (4) H·952·FA Leveler Set (4) H·952·GA Filler Strip F & R (jOining two cabinets). 7406782 Kickplate· 7406793 Kickplate (for use w/o Stabilizer Feet) Add on Cabinet Unassembled Add on -Cabinet Assembled $170.00 10.00 75.00 250.00 152.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 30.00 21.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 63.50 63.50 63.50 63.50 16.00 10.00 12.00 4.00 39.00 25.50 54.50 14.50 12.50 44.00 4.00 5.50 350.00 400.00 CatalOi No. H-920 H-921 H-923 H-925 H-950-AA H-950-BA H-950-CA H-950-DA NOTE: Cabinets are shipped unassembled. For cabinet assembly a $50.00 charge will be added. 255 ORDERING INFORMATION UNIVERSAL FOR HARDWARE PREASSEMBLED CABLE Standard lengths for preassembled cable are: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 25 feet. Cable price per foot is as follows: 19 conductor Ribbon cable 9 conductor Flat Coaxial cable $0.60 $1.00 Standard charges for connection of cable to each connector is as follows: Ribbon Coaxial $ 9.00 pel" connector side $18.00 per connector side STANDARD PREASSEMBLED CABLES RIBBON Type BC02L·XX BC02S·XX BC02N-XX CONNECTORS W021-W021 W023-W023 W028-W021 COAXIAL Basic Price $26.00 $26.00 $26.00 Type BC03C-XX BC03D-XX To the above prices, add price of cable: Example: BC02L·7 $30.20 I-BC02L-XX 7 feet ribbon cable @ $O:60/ft. $26.00 4.20 $30.20 256 Basic CONNECTORS Price W021-W021 44.00 W021·W022 45.00 MODULE EXTENDER W980 UNIVERSAL ACCESSORIES The W980 Module Extender allows access to the module circuits without breaking connections between the module and mounting panel wiring. For double size flip.chip modules use two W980 extenders side by side. The W980 is for use with A, K and W Series 18 pin modules. W980-$14 257 MODULE EXTENDER W982 UNIVERSAL ACCESSORIES The W982 serves a function similar to the W980 except it contains 36 pins for use with M series modules. The W982 can be used with all modules in this catalog. A, K, and W series modules will make contact with only 2 side pins. A2, 82, etc. For double size M Series modules use two W982 extenders side by side. W982-$18 258 BLANK "ODULES W970-W975, W990-W999 UNIVERSAL HARDWARE These 10 blank modules offer convenient means of integrating special circuits and even small mechanical components into a FLIP CHIP system, without loss of modularity. Both single· and double·size boards are supplied with con· tact area etched and gold plated. The W990 Series modules provide connector pins on only one module side for use with H800 connector blocks. W970 series modules have etched contacts on both sides of the module for use with double density connectors Type H804, and low density Type H808. Type Height Pins W990 Single 18 Descriptron Bare board, split·lug terminals Handle Price attached $ 2.50 $ 5.00 W991 Double 36 Bare board, split·lug terminals attached W992 Single 18 Copper clad, to be etched by user separate $ 2.00 W993 Double 36 Copper clad, to be etch,ed by user separate $ 4.00 W998 Single 18 Perforated, 0.052" holes, 18 with etched lands. The holes are on 0.1" centers, both horizontally and vertically. attached $ 4.50 W999 Double 36 Perforated, 0.052" holes, 36 with etched lands. The holes are on 0.1" centers, both horizontally and vertically. attached $ 9.00 W970 Single 36 Bare board, no split lugs, similar to attached W990, contact both sides $ 4.00 W971 Double 72 Bare board, no split lugs, similar to W991, contact both sides attached $ 8.00 W972 Single 36 Copper clad both sides similar to W992 separate $ 4.00 W973 Double 72 Copper clad both sides similar to W993 separate $ 6.00 W974 Single 36 same as W998, contact both sides attached $ 9.00 W975 Double 72 same as W999, contact both sides attached $18.00. Old boards with .067" holes on .2" centers are no longer available. 259 After all the components have been attached to the board, the module IS degreasecl to remove contaminants In preparation for flow soldering 260 K Series Applications The engineering of K Series would be for naught if it couldn't be applied practically. The following section shows but a handful of uses for which K Series has been designed. Practically all of those presented were designed by DIGITAL's module application group which provides design assistance to our customers. More than 300 logic systems for control and interfacing have been designed by this group. These include designs of: simple interfac.ing between a computer and stepping motors; controls for injection molding machines; plating machine controls; transfer machine controls; materials sensing and classification systems; pipeline trow counters; camera shutter controls; computer interfacing to observatory telescopes; and a woodcutting machinery controller. Many of the control applications have been conversions from relays to K Series. There is an excellent likelihood that our engineers have designed a control system for equipment just like yours. If not we would like to give it a try. ' 261 I APPLICATION K·SERIES CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS A high percentage of all failures in electronic systems result directly from hasty planning of nonelectronic aspects. Much time and trouble can be saved by planning mechanical assembly before construction begins. Wiring methods and lead dress, heat distribution and temperature control, power supply reliability and line fault contingencies, and the attitudes and habits of people working near the system all merit forethought. Important opportunities for ..,liability, maintainability, and convenience will be lost if early and consistent attention is not given the topics below. Environment Temperature B. I Module temperature ratings are -20°C to 65°C (0°1= to 150°F) except ~01, K202, K210, K211, K220, K230, and K596 which are limited to O°C (36°F) minimum. These ratings are for average air temperature at the printed board. and take local heating by high dissipation components into account. Free, unobstructed air convection is required for reliable operation; the plane of each m~ule must be essentially vertical for this reason. / Convection is required not only to remove heat but also to distribute it, and movable louvres or baffles used to obtain self·heating under frigid conditions must not interfere with air movement within and around modules. b. Motion Transport or use in trucks or aboard ships can vibrate modules sufftCiently to work them out of their sockets. K271, K273, K604, K644. K731, K732. K303, K301 and K323 modules with K374 or similar controls attached are most subject to disturbance. If modules are mounted in a K943 19·inch panel. use K980 end plates and a 1907 cover. If modules are mounted on the hinged door of an enclosure. position the K941 so a support bolted to the side of the enclosure will contact the modules when the door is closed, taking care not to let the support interfere with ribbon cable on K508. K524. K604. and K644. Mercury contact relays in K273 modules should be maintained within 30° of vertical while operating to insure correct logic output. Controls such as K374, etc. will hold their setting in vibration, but are easily disturbed by repeated contact with loose wiring, etc. Finally. take pains not to nick logiC wires if vibration is likely to be encoun· teredo Use a quality wire stripper. One of the new motor driven rotary types could easily pay for itself by reducing wiring time and avoiding vibration induced wire breakage. ~ \ c. Contaminants Sulphurous ftJmes will attack exposed copper or silver; their presence demands the coating of ribbon connections and K731 heatsink cladding with suitable insulating varnish or plastic. A combination of high humidity and 262 contaminated atmospheres requires such treatment on all printed wiring of K301. K323. and K303 timers and controls, .ince at maximum settings even a few microamperes of leakage will affect their timing. Varnish or coatings are neither required nor recommended in less hostile conditions, and in any case it is desirable to exclude contaminants. d. Convenience Adjustments sholJld be mounted so the least critical are easiest to reach. Calibrated controls such as K374, etc. should be positioned in a fogical pattern before K303 sockets are wired. Ruggedness and feel should govern the selection of remote timer controls likely to be operated in moments of preoccupation or alarm. Pluggable connections to K716, K724·K725, and (optionally) to K782·K784 allow electricians to complete their work while the logic itself is being built or checked elsewhere. Plan cable routing to simplify installation of electronics last. Take advantage of the ease with which a K941 mounting bar can be fastened to a pre·installed K940 foot. logic Wiring a. Genera' Information Wire wrapping is the most suitable technique for the sockets used· with K series modules. Some prefer AMP Termi·Point (trademark) but neither AMP nor DEC can guarantee full compatibility for this system. Solder fork connectors are optional; wrapped connections may also be soldered. For large volume' repetitive systems using K943 mounting panels, DEC offers a machine·wrapping service. Never solder or wire wrae with any tool if there are modules installed, unless the tool is grounded 1:0 the frame to drain static charges, and unless AC operated devices work from isolation-- transformers. It is safest to avoid AC operated wire wrap tools together. Hand·operated pistol'grip wire wrapping tools are surprisingly efficient and easy to use. If automatic machine wrapping is contemplated, plan for only two wraps per pin. b. Wire Types Teflon (trademark) insulation over size 22 tinned solid copper wire is best for soldering. Size 24 tinned solid copper wire must be used for wrapping H800 and K943 pins. Teflon (trademark) inSUlation may be used,. but some prefer to sacrifice high temperature performance by using Kynar (trademark), to get greater resistance to cut-through where soldering is not involved. Type 932 bussing strip allows module power and ground pins A and C to be connected conveniently, and is also helpful if several modules have common pin connections. c. Procedures First solder in all bussing strips. Next tie all grounds and grounded pins together. Finally point·to·point wire all other connections. Run all wires diagonally or vertically. Do not run wires horizontally except to adjacent pins or along mounting bar between modules. Horizontal' zig-zag wiring interferes with checking and is prone to insulation cut-through. Leave wires a bit slack so they can be pushed aside for probing. Cabling is definitely not recommended. Wires should be more or less evenly distributed over the wiring area. 263 When wrapping, avoid chains of top-wrap-to-bottom-wrap sequences which entail numerous unwrappings if changes must be made. Properly sequenced wraps require no more than three wires to be replaced for anyone change in two-wraps-per-pln systems. Never re-wrap any wire. For best reliability, do not bend or stress wrapped pins, for this may break some of the cold welds. Follow tool supplier's recommendations on tool gauging and maintenance etc. As a convenience, DEC stocks three Gardener-Denver tools under numbers HalO, Hall, and H812. See specifications pages. Field Wiring a. AC Pilot Circuits All screw terminals used in the K-Series have clamps so that wires do not need any further treatment after insulation is stripped. All terminals can take either one or two wires up to 14 gauge. K716 terminals have been arranged so AC inputs all go to one end of the interface block, and AC outputs all go to the other end. The eight terminals nearest the center are typically connected only to each other and to a few return and AC supply wires. Input and output leads should be segregated so they do not block entry to the ribbon connector sockets. If sockets face to the left, AC inputs will be above and all other connections below. Wires should be routed down the connector side of K716 blocks to cable clamps or wiring ducts placed parallel with K716s. (See diagrams on K716 data page.) Plan the logical arrangement of field wiring terminals and indicators before module locations are selected to avoid excessive folding or twisting of ribbon cables. (See recommendations on module locations below.) b. DC and Transducer circuits DC outputs from K644, K656, K681, and K683 and AC outputs from K604 and K614 are high level; wiring is noncritical. low level inputs, however, may require special treatment to avoid false indications. low level signals should at least be isolated from AC line and DC output signals throughout the field wiring system, and, as a minimum, individual twisted pairs should be used for signals and return connections. For lower Signal levels or longer wiring runs, shielded pairs may be required, with'the shield grounded only at one point, preferably at the logic system end unless one side of the transducer is unavoidably grounded. Conduit which may be grounded indiscriminately is not an effective substitute for shielded, insulated wiring. All signals except line voltage AC inputs use the straight-through connections of K716 terminals 15 through 24. Within the K716, leads are shortest to terminals 15, 17, 18, 19, and 20; use these terminals for minimum noise on K524 low level signals. Module types K578, K614, K615, K650, K652, K656, and 'K658 have their own terminal strips and do not require the use of a K716. Modules that do not have terminal strips may be connected to field wiring through the K782 or K784 module. 264 Module Locations a. End Sockets (K941) The first sockets to assign are those for K731 and K732 regulators, and for K301, K323, and K303 timers. If possible, mount regulators nearest the foot of a K941 mounting bar, so their extra bulk projects into the space between the mounting surface and the first HaOO block on the bar. Controls mounted 'on the same mounting surface opposite K731 source modules may be as much as 'Va'H deep without touching modules. Sockets at the outer ena aT K941 mounting bars are the only locations where K303 timers can have integral controls mounted. Even where the use of K370·group controls is not initially planned. assignment of K303 modules to these outer locations is recommended. Also. these sockets should be the first reserved as spares if any unused locations are available. This way maximum flexibility will be preserved for possible design changes or additions. b. Interface Modules AC and DC interface modules such as K508. K524, K604, and K644 should be assigned locations that simplify cabling. Ribbon cables can be twisted by a succession of 45 0 folds, but a neat installation should be planned. Assign the location and position of K716 interface blocks first. Consider such features as logical arrangement of indicator lights for trouble shooting, ease Qf routing and tracing field wiring, and directness and length of ribbon cable runs back to the logic modules. After _K716 locations and assignments have been selected, assign socket positions for interface modules (K508, etc.). The order should be coordinated so the combined ribbon cables will lie flat together. Excess ribbon cable can be easily and neatly folded away. Lengths other than 30" are not available since these modules cannot be tested and stocked until cables are cut and soldered. This should cause -no difficulty if module locations are assigned thoughtfully. c. Display Modules If K671 decade displays are required, select their locations after regulator and interface modules have been aSSigned sockets. The 12" cables on these modules are oriented for convenient assembly of displays above logic modules, to be viewed from outside the door or enclosure in which K940 and K941 hardware is mounted. Used this way, the digits of lower significance have cables below those of more significant digits. For neatest cabling and quickest module wiring, counter and display modules should be arranged so the counter input will be nearest the K940 mounting surface. Notice that pin connections on K671, K210, and K220, and K230 modules are coordinated, so that a side-by-side pairing of flip-flop-and associated K671 modules will result in short, neat, easy wiring. Ribbon cable passes easily between modules, so it is not necessary to restrict K671 mOdules to the topmost row. However, the limited cable length will usually restrict them to the top mounting bar in systems using more than one K941. Do not fold or arrange ribbon cables so that they lie flat on the upper edges of modules, as this will restrict the flow of cooling air. 265 System Power a. Supply Transformer Any filament or "control" transformer rated at 12 v or 12.6 v RMS on nominal 120 v line voltage may be used to supply power to K series logic. However, use of a 12 v instead of a 12.6 v transformer reduces maximum current ratings from K731 and K732 by 15%, as does a 5% vo'ltage drop from any other cause such as resistance in secondary wiring or line voltage below the nominal 10% tolerance. Transformer current rating should be for capacitor-input filter, about 50% higher than the rating required for resistive loads. Thus a single K731 1 amp regulator requires a center-tapped transformer with 3,4 ampere rating on resistive loads at 12.6v, or with two 6.3v windings rated 3,4 ampere each. These transformer selection considerations can of course be "eliminated by using K741 or K743 transformers with noise filtering built-in. b. Noise Filtering . Hash filter· capacitors of 0.1 mf each are recommended from each side of the power transformer secondary to chassis ground. In environments where the AC line may· carry unusually large amounts of noise, line filters such as Sprague Filterols (trademark) are advisable. K series systems must not share 12 volt power with any electromechanical device, since the transformer itself is the primary filter for medium-frequency line noise rejection. c. Power Wiring In systems not requiring full use of the quick-change features of the K716 and K940, transformer secondaries can be wired directly to pins U and V of regulator modules. If power connections are to be removed with maximum speed, a W021 connector board may be used to bring 12 VAC power into the system. It is best to limit current through any pin to about 2 amperes, so in large systems several W021 pins are needed for each side of the secondary. d. Alternate Power Supplies Any source of 5 VDC ± 10% may be used for K series systems at ordinary room temperatures, provided noise, hash, spikes, tumon-overshoot, etc. are reasonably well controlled. K series modules are far less sensitive to noise on power lines than computer-speed circuits, but it is still possible to cause malfunction or damage if extreme noise is present. Temperature coefficient of the K731 regulator is selected to compensate for that of timers and other circuits, so operation over temperature extremes with constant-voltage supplies involves a sacrifice in timing consistency. Output fanouts are also degraded if constant voltage supplies are used at extreme low temperatures. Derate linearly from 15 ma at room temperature to 12 ma at -2Q°C (O°F) for constant-voltage power supplies. e. Line Failure When unscheduled shutdown of a K-series system cannot be toferated in spite of AC power failure, some form of local energy storage is required. To withstand. short-term failures it is possible to add extra capacitance from pin A to pin C. However, manual grounding of. pin 0 (tumon level) may be ra266 quired to start the system, since the external capacitance will appear to the regulator as a short and output current will be limited to a low value. For each ampere millisecond of de power storage beyond the rise of K731 OK level, 10,000 mfd is required. The supply itself provides one half ampere·millisecond internally. K732 slave regulators each provide one ampere-millisecond internally. However, these survival times are only available when regulators are operating at or below 75% of their nominal ratings. A 5 volt battery, or a 6 volt battery with series diode(s) to drop the voltage to 5 volts, may be used as an alternate source of power in case of line voltage failure. In very small systems (with some types of batteries) it may be prac· tical to use the battery itself as a shunt regulator, charging it through a simple full-wave rectifier and dropping resistor circuit from the same kind of transformer used with K-series regUlators. Unless the current is very low with respect to battery size, however, some means of switching the battery connection will be required. Below is shown a circuit which can be used for current requirements to 1 ampere. Th~ same principle can be extended to larger systems with slightly more complex circuitry. 6 VOLT BATTERY + PIN A POWER FAILURE SWITCH FOR EMERGENCY BATTERY 267 CONVERSION OF RELAY CIRCUITS TO K SERIES Conversion of relay logic to K Series is a simple and straight-forward procedure. The design of a solid state control system using three basic functions -AND, OR and NOT-is performed the same as with relays. Thus the prob· lem of converting a given relay circuit to K Series may be broken down into two simple steps. First, derive from the relay circuit a set of logical equations using standard logical notation describing the operation of the circuit. Second, from these logical equations, design a K Series circuit to perform the desired logical function. Relay Logic Consider the following circuit: The light only comes on when relay contact CRI is closed (when the relay is on). So if the letter l ~epresents the light and CRI represents the relay, we can write the logic equation for this circuit as l CRl. When CRI is off (false), then l is off (false) and vice versa. = Relay NOT Consider the following circu~t: In this circuit, the light is on when the relay is off, and the light is off when the relay is on. This is just the NOT function, so we can write the logic equation l CRl. = 268 Relay AND CRL~ LJR1 flH~ In this circuit. the light is on only when both CRI, and CR2 are closed. This is just the AND function and can be written - L = CRI • CR2 Relay OR CR1 CR2 In this circuit, the light is on when either or both contacts CRI, CR2 are CR2. closed. This is the OR function L = CRI + K Series Logic K Series logic performs the same functions that we have seen relays perform. AND AB-hc OR NOT ~ C=A-B AB~C C=A+B ~ A-.C C.A 269 If we were to replace pairs of relay contacts with K Series logic we would get ' the following: AND C R 1 = P - F. CR1 • CR2 CR2 CR3 CR3=PCR4 OR ~ CRS NOT CR5~H=CR5 t-----::I~~r~ t Co~bined G-CR3+ CR4 Logic Often, s~veral basic logic functions occur together to form a more complex function. For example: CR2 = + Has the equation L CRl CR2 Which in the K Series logiC would be CR1 L CR2 ------tr-.. Or, for example: ~1 CR2 CR~ III At II'YJ Has the equation F = CRI • CR2 • CR3 270 Writing Lolic Equations As noted so far, in writing down the logic equation from logic each relay contact is assigned a name, which appears as a variable in the equation, as shown below. Relay logic CR1 CR3 Equation L =CRI + CR2 + CR3 Writing the equation of more complex sets of relay contacts is simply a matter of picking out the basic functions one at a time. For example: ~R1 CR2 CR3 HljR4 Notice that CRl, CR2 perform the AND function, so P = CRI • CR2. The diagram could be redrawn as follows: t (CRr CRZ)CR3 ~~ Because CR3, CR4 now perform the OR function, the diagram can be redrawn as follows: t (CRl i A CR2l B (CR3+~ .1 II~ 271 The two remaining "contacts" perform the AND function, therefare the logic equation can be written: L = A· 8 and A = CRl • CR2 and 8= CR3 therefore L= (CRl .. CR2) • (CR3 CR4) + + CR4 Another example: First, CR2, CR3 form the AND function resulting in (CR2. CR3) Subsequently (CR2· CR3), CR4 form the OR function resulting in (CR4+(CR2. CR3» Finally, CI, (CR4 + (CR2 • CR3» + (CR4 + (CR2 ·CR3». form the AND function so L = CRI • (CR4 Converting logic equation to K Series logic The object in converting logic equations to K Series logic, is to devise a K Series logic network which has the same logic equation as the relay logic. For example, the equation F logic as follows: = (A • 8) + C can be implemented with K Series A F=(A- Bl+C B C 272 Or, for example, the equation F = (A + 8 + C) + (O • E) becomes: o F=(A+B+C)+(O. E) E A B C Most logic equations can be implemented with K Series logic in a number of ways. For example, the equation F A (8 • C) may be realized correctly by either of the designs shown here. = + A B C--------------------------~~ A --------------------------~ B C In general, when alternate means of implementing a function are available, the decision as to which one to use is often based on which K Series gates are available, on which alternative is more economical, orloftentimes on the designer's personal preferences. Unfortunately, there is no single route to follow to arrive at a K Series logic design from the logical equation. As in most design situations, the imagination and intuition of the designer are prime factors in arriving at a solution. Therefore, once the basic operation of K Series logic becomes familiar, a few hours of experimenting with the K Series Logic Lab can provide a much deeper understanding of how to use K Series. On the following pages, a number of examples are shown of relay circuits which have been converted into logic equations and then implemented with K Series logic. 273 ..L 6CR tCR PBt SCR 1CR ~H~ . tCR-PSt +PB2.,M iCR 5CR 1CR PB2 1M m 1eR PBt tM- i5t. (tPs+(!CR. 7CR»((3PB. iCR)~8CR+tM). 9CR 274 1PS 1M 5CR 9CR 7CR 10L 3P8, iCR 8CR 1M tOCR 7CR UCR 15CR t4CR H~ 1CR 2CR· ANO~ it; fA N ...., 00 (fOIl" AI INOI +(!) +@ EXPANSION TO +@ 5-INPUT +@ AND + T+ If 0 ... Al t' 2 + A"O +(!) .ND@ AND@ UlD@ A"O@ ANO@ (!) .IIO® AIIO +@ ....O® +@ +@ .® .'IIIIU \!U .110 ® :.- ,..~ ~ 0 Z ELECTRO·MECHANICAL K SERIES GENERAL J.I.C. N.E.M.A. MIL. +0 2·1 NPUT INCLUSIVE OR .@ .. ~ .• -0j T'· ":," DJ",," ::=1_Lt~ J (P,V) o (K,R) J (P,V) o E (L,S) (K,R) E (L,S) N " \0 (FOIl. AI (f'0'I! .... 1 ·@~-S f 5·INPUT .(!lo@ INCLUSIVE .('J. 0 , OR ·@·-0 t .-~. -0 f . !. ~ .. C"OJ rJ.. :: .@ 00(1) ~-tf L...~ ~ ._ . (~ (1-]M t-' (NO) @OII(!) +@ OII@ OII@ +@ +@ +el> - I +@ o (K,R) F (M ,n @ OR@ DR OR @ OII@ OR J (P,V) © ® OR +@ +@ +@ +(9 © OR@ OR ® K SERIES ELECTRO-MECHANICAL N.E.M.A. GENERAL J.I.C. (1'0"" 81 (NCI l'O~'" INVERTING". @ ~ FUNCTION -r: II llle I +@~~~L ~ + .L . MIl. @ • ~ .'15 '.. F '''',TI +® lIS DIK.RI @ (M.R) ~ +@ VERtEO . INvERTED @ INVEIUE:D INVERTED (FORIII A' COOR'" ., INC I 'NC' +@ FI",TI N 00 o 2-INPUT .@~J:+ .@~ NOR M .@~ L +~-.~ NOT@ [ OR 2-INPUT NAND @ -0--1 T N NOT ®.~O,!> ® OR o l~.:..~l .. ~ ~OT J (p.VI E (L.SI o f (".RI (L.S I @ ® OR .@ +@ @ M~M --0-- +@=;t. · @::.@ +til.-0-i _ + + + " ~.':.3. (FORM 81 INCI (FORM I) IN C 1 o 1',AI •@ NOT@ J (P,V) NOT@ ® OFf D(~~ liS K1' ~ +C!> t@ ~ ( ... TJ Ii (ItI,U) +@ liS tC113 DIKRI . NOT @ANO@ '@~~~T: • ® __ JH (N.UI 111 1(1\ 3' o (I( ,R .' - J (~ .. NCT •• o@ ELECTRO-MECHANICAL J.I.C. K SERIES GENERAL 2·INPUT (~O~M Y-+ '=) m~~;~_t'. M .@~ ·®--"'l ... BISTABLE (FlIP·FlOP) r+ 1f::+ ... -t ¥ OUU-1 • L __ • ~ 1 . ~ .. @ .,OT @ sn-1" y +3, OFF·DElAY .1~~~~~ ® J (P,V) I'.RI o IL,S) Ik,R) +®~ NOT + +@ ® NOT +0 NOT @ LATCHING II[LAY l'ONel DELAY STAIIT NOT + J (P,") o T+ RESET-1~ ~ .0 . L"'TCNING_~"Y 0" NOT.® ®OR@ 'KIT BOTH fIIOT BOTH 00 .® .(j0~'~ [t @OR@ N MIL. N.E.M.A. (FOAM CI (FORM C) t~l~ +~ OFF DE LAY START " . @ COIOTACTS SWITCH T SECS AFrU ,TAIIT sYIOCH"_1 IIOTOII 011 I'NEUIIATIC TI.III I T SECS M :ELAY ~ CONTACTS SWITCH T SECS AFTER START SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OR PNEUMATIC TIMER @ ~I_".~ ~ ---v--- . -I{$IO oJ NOT @ ~EIL.~ @ @ ",V, INPUT SPLIT LUG ~.LITLUG- 3.4.',7.'.' 5,4,',7,'.' Oulftu, ~.T.V " ' T, 00' TO )0 SEes OU'''UT LEVELS C"AN., , SICI "'TE. ITa., ~LT.~~~.T.V I!!!! SIT T, 0 01 TO '0 sres OUTPuT UvtLI 'tU.IIGE T SECS ""Ut ,TA.' ELECTRO-MECHANICAL GENERAL J.I.C. DECODER: BCD TO 10 LINE p 282 K SERIES N.E.M.A. FROM 1<210 COUNTER 8 4 2 5 ~--------------------------------O ~--------------------------------__ 1 ~---------------------------------e 2 ~------------------~----------------~ 3 ~--------------------------------------.4 ~----------------------------------------.~ ~------------------------------------------___ 6 ~--------------------------------------------e 7 F o (K,R) F (M,T) o 1/3 K123 H M (T) K (R) N (U) MIL. FROM 1<210 COUNTER 8 2 ' - - - - -.. 0 '------_1 "-------2 ' - - - - - - - - - -.. 3 ~----------... 4 '--------------_ 5 L..-------------_6 ' - - - - - - - - - -..... 7 8 9 283 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL GENERAL J.I.C. + f-iz~ ~ .. f-i"r- ~ CROSSBAR SELECTOR + a. a.. ~ ~ (Jl (Jl N w w HOME·TO· S 284 o SELECT • '0 -K580 +@ ~SPLIT LUG o • 3,4,6,7,8,9 +@ +@ I, I +@ I , T OUTPUT 10,21 J,L,N,R,T,V :z H N IR 11,21 I T I V Ie - F (M,T) +@-Ir o (K,R)' 12,01 Ie12,11 !'T1 3: ?> 12,21 H (H,U) CROSSPOINT COINCIDENCE DETECTED 1 2 4 8 TO K1S1 DECODER N 00 ~ 8Y .'23 "AND" FUNCTION + @. AND + U'I @Y (J1 ", ::a SELEC T • -~ ~ + .@ I , +@ SPLIT LUG o • I , f;i U'I +@ I , +@ 3,4,6,7,8,9 OUTPUT 10,21 J,L,H,R,T,V +@ [1,21 2 s: r --+--..---- +@ F (M,T) H (H,U) CROSSPOINT COINCIDENCE DE TEC TED t 2 4 8 TO Kt61 DECODER 8Y .'23 "ANO"FUNCTION + @. AND + @ Y - - - -.. --.--.---------.-.---.-.,.----_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--lL--_ _ _ _ _ _ _- - - - - - - -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--L_ _L.----..J APPLICATION K SERIES SEQUENCERS - GENERAL A fundamental part of many K Series systems is a sequencer that controls the progression from one state or operation to the next state or operation. Four logic elements are available to define the state or operation currently in effect, and there i[lre also several choices of method for moving from each state to the next, and for deriving output signals that include any arbitrary set of states. This note considers each sequencer in a general way, so that their overall merits can be compared before starting detailed design with the 1 or 2 most appropriate. The simplest sequencer of all, consisting of logic gates alone, is not mentioned here; but of course if AND and OR functions by themselves can do the job, splendid. 1. TIMER SEQUENCER Several independent K303 timers connected in cascade form a very flexible, completely adaptable sequencer. If each timer input is driven by the direct (non-inverted) output of the previous timer, removing logic '''1'' from the first will cause all the outputs to fall like hesitant dominoes. A pushbutton. limit switch, etc. can then reset all timerS by restoring "1" at the first until the next cycle is wanted. Or by connecting the timers in a loop with an odd number of inversions a self-recycling sequencer can be obtained. The clock circuits shown on pages 93-94 of the Industrial Handbook are special cases of this latter technique. The complete adjustability of timer sequencers can be a disadvantage in some applications. When more than 3 or 4 steps are needed, the sheer number of knobs to twiddle begins to lead toward possible confusion and perhaps "provocative maintenance." 2. COUNTER SEQUENCER One K2IO counter provides up to 16 sequence states, and many more are obtainable by cascading. The counter may be stepped along by a fixed-frequency source such as the line frequency, or by a K303 clock. It is also possible to generate stepping pulses by completion signals from the processes being sequenced. KI84 rate multipliers can be conveniently used to produce such pulses. Counter sequencers recycle without external aids.at 9 or 15 (BCD or binary connections) and may be set to recycle at other steps as shown in K2IO specifications. Counter sequencers offer the most discrete states for the money, and the entire sequence can be scaled up or down in time simply by adjusting the input stepping rate. However, if many different output signals are to be derived from a counter sequencer, the gating can become com· plex unless the ·signals required happen to fit those available from K161 octal decoders or from the counter directly. 3. SHIFT SEQUENCERS K230 shift registers can be connected as ordinary ring counters or as switch·tail ring counters. Specialized shift sequencers such as Barker 286 code (pseudo-random) sequencers are also possible_ The most generally useful type is the switch-tail (Johnson code) ring counter, in which the last stage is fed back inverted into the first. This provides two states for every flip-flop, or 8 states if all four flip-flops in a K230 are utilized. The pattern achieved is the same falling-domino behavior obtained with the non-recirculating timer sequencer,. except that the "dominoes" fall up one-by-one after they have finished falling down. Either fixed frequency or event-completion signals can be used to step a shift sequencer, just as for counter sequehcers. Shift sequencers cost more per state than counter sequencers. Their only advantage lies in the fact that any state or any collection of contiguous states can be detected by a simple 2·input gate. Not only does this feature simplify the derivation of many overlapping output signals, but it also offers excellent flexibility for modifications after construction. The need for only two connections to generate any once-per-sequence signal to start and end at any arbitrary state even permits practical patch-panel programming of output signals. 4. POLYFLOP SEQUENCERS If the state or operation in progress is to be determined in many cases by a combination of external factors, instead of primarily by the sequencer itself, a polyflop may be the best solution. A polyflop is simply a mUlti-state circuit which will remember the last state into which it was forced until the next input comes along. Polyflops can have any number of states, though the practical limit is probably 8 or fewer. Set-reset flip-flops are a very common special case of the polyflop, having 2 states. If you want a name for the next six types you could call them tripflop, quadraflop, pentaflop, hexaflop, septaflop, and octaflop. The general polyflop is built from as many K113 inverting gates as there are states required, each with input AND expansion sufficient to gate together all outputs by the one that gate controls. Thus anyone low output will force all other outputs high. Polyflops do not establish any fixed order through the possible steps as the other three sequencers do, and so perhaps should be called state memories rather than state seQuencers. However, there are some situations in which a polyfJop is found to be a superior replacement for one of the ordered sequencers, such as where several different outside signals must ~e able to force the control into corresponding specific states immediately without passing through the normal sequence. SUMMARY Sequencer Type Relative Cost per State Modification Flexibility Other Features Timer highest easiest Can be self-stepping Counter lo,,{-med fair Best for many states, few outputs Shifter medium good Suitable for patch panel setup Polyflop medium fair States may be forced in any order 287 APPLICATION TIMER SEQUENCERS The simplest and most obvious way to sequence operations or states on a machine or in a control system is to use several timers in cascade. Below is shown a simple three·state timers sequencer. "£SET o-.J A pushbutton, clock, or another sequencer can provide signal A that resets all timers and begins the sequence. Any number of timers may be cascaded, but if many steps are needed one of the less flexible sequencers should be considered as a means of reducing the number of adjustments and the cost. Outputs other than those available directly from the timers can be obtained by a two-input gate connected to appropriate direct or inverter timer outputs. For example, a signal true during both Tz and T3 can be obtained by.ANDing output D with the inversion of output B. The possibility of deriving any onceper-cycle output from this type of sequencer with two-input gates only is a virtue shared with switch-tail shifting sequencers. The inverted output from the last timer in the chain may be used to provide the initiate Signal resulting in self-recycling. However, sufficiently large timing capacitors must be in use to allow the initiate signal to rise all the way to +5 V if normal relations between timing RC and time delays are to be maintained. The Timer Control section of this Handbook shows short self-recycling timer chains usable at high recycle rates. Three inverSions, or any odd number of inversions must be contained within a self-recycling loop. Many variations are possible by combining timer sequencers with other types of sequencers, branching to auxiliary sequencer chains, gating timer inputs from external devices, etc. 288 APPLICATION COUNTER SEQUENCERS Counter sequencers offer the largest number of discrete steps for the money,since for N flip-flops up to 2N states are obtainable. A single K210counter, for example, offers up to 16 ~tates for $27. A source of timing signals, such as the "line sync" output from the K730, K731, or a K303 clock may be used to advance a counter sequencer at uniform increments of time. In addition, event completion signals may be used to gate, augment, or substitute for the uniform time signal. One way to sub- EYENT COMPLETION SIGNAL UNIFORM TIME SIGNAL Event completion signal gates the time signal if the latter is a normally low, relatively higher frequency signal. Event completion signal augments the time signal if the latter is a normally high, relatively lower frequency signal. stitute for time signals is to use a KI84 Rate Multiplier as if it were four separate differentiating pulse generators with ORed outputs. GATE GATE GATE GATE • 2 3 4 EYENT EYENT EYENT EYENT • 2 3 4 USING KI84 TO GENERATE EVENT COMPLETION PULSES The principal disadvantage of counter sequencers is gating complexity, if many outputs must be derived which are not simply the flip-flop outputs themselves. Counter sequencers are most suitable for high-resolution sequencing of relatively few outputs whose relationship to sequencer states is unlikely to be modified after construction_ A crosspoint matrix offers reasonably low cost and good flexibility for devel· oping counter sequencers with large numbers of states. For example, the 64 state sequencer shown here costs about $100 before any 2·input state detectors are added. 289 STEP M 8 64 INTERSECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY ONE UNIQUE XY COMBINATION .6 32 64 STATE CROSSPOINT SEQUENCER The desired states may be detected one-by-one using any two-input AND gate such as those of gates K1l3, K123, or K134, or two-input gates on other modules like K210 counters, K230 shift registers, K303 timers, K604 or K614 AC switches, K644 or K656 DC drivers, etc. Or several states may be combined by ORing the outputs of several two-input AND gates as shown below. - YO OUTfJUT HIGH FOR COUNTER STEPS O. 7. AND 42. )(0 Y7 )(0 Y2 )(5 290 APPLICATION SHIFTER SEQUENCERS An alternate to the Counter Sequencer for generating many outputs, especially where some of the output sequences may be revised after construction, is the switch-tail shift ring. STEP SWITCH TAil SHIFT RING --L.J, ~ ____...-!r1 I B I I I I I I I I I C o STATE ! : I I o 0 Anyone state can be detected by a single 2 input gate. For example, state 2 is true if B is high and C is low; state 4 is true if A and 0 are both high, etc. Moreover, any contiguous array of states may be detected by a gate of only two inputs. For example, state 2, 3, and 4 can be combined by a twoinput gate that looks for A and B both high. This convenient characteristic not only reduces the cost and complexity of output gating, but also makes last minute changes easy since no new gates have to be added to modify the steps to which a given output gate responds, so long as they are contiguous. Also, notice that state 0 is on an equal footing with the others so that "contiguous" states may include or span the zero or home state. The two input gating rule could be exploited to permit patch-panel coding of a general-purpose sequencer. One possible arrangement "for such a panel is shown here, for a four flip-flop sequencer. In use, one would simply AND start and finish signals that span the desired state or states. START PATCH PANEL FINISH STATE A @ B C 0 Ii ii c- D @) @) @ @ @ @ @ B @ C 0 4» 0 i ii C '0 A @ @ @ @ @ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 For the special case of four states to be spanned, only one connection is required. Observe that to span more than half the available states, it is necessary to detect their complement and invert. Switch-tail shift rings can be driven from all of the same sources as counter sequencers, and may be extended to as many states as desired_ If N is the number of shift register flip-flops, 2 N states will be obtained in the sequencer. 291 APPLICATION POLYFLOP SEQUENCERS Just as a flip-flop can be set to one of two states and remember it, a logic circuit that has three, four, or more states will remember the last of its several states to which it has been set_ . TRIFLOP The fundamental principle of the polyffop is that each inverting AND gate must have an input from all other outputs but its own. POLYFLOP K113 K003 MODULE COST TRIFLOP QUAORAFLOP PENTAFLOP HEXAFLOP SEPTAFLOP OCTAFLOP NONAFLOP 1 1-1/3 1·2/3 2 2·1/3 2-2/3 3 0 1-1/3 1·2/3 2 4-2/3 5-1/3 6 $11.00 $21.00 $27.00 $32.00 $50.00 $57.00 $63.00 I The table above shows the components needed to build polyflops in the practical range of sizes. Module cost figures refer only to module sections actually used, and there is a significant amount of wiring required for the larger polyflops. Nevertheless, there will be circumstances in which a polyflop is more efficient than either a more conventional sequencer or a collection of ordinary set-reset flip-flops. Through the OR-expansion capability of K113 gates, externat signals can be readily gated into a polyflop using low cost gate expanders. Selected output is low; all others high. 292 APPLICATION USING K303 TIMERS FOR FREQUENCY SETPOINT A K303 timer will reset to the start of its timing cycle when its inputs become high regardless of its previous state. This feature can be exploited to distinguish two pulse repetition rates, to detect a missing pulse in an otherwise continuous pulsetrain, or to close a frequency-regulating feedback loop. (Note: Where critical requirements are placed on K303 timing consistency in the millisecond range, consider the use of a low-ripple supply such as H710 to minimize modulation of the timing period at the ripple frequency. INPUT I I I I I I I. ~ 1<303 SETTING I ____ I : I I I OUTPUT ~~--~~--~I;~.----~~-I I I I U MISSED PULSE I L __ _ END OF PUlSET~AIN Input signal can be a square wave or pulses of any width down to 0.3% of the maximum delay available with the timing capacitor used. (Pulsewidths down to 0.1 % or less may be used if timing consistency can be sacrificed). Timer delay would normally be 5et 30% ·to 50% longer than the nominal pulse repetition rate to detect missed pulses' in a train, or at the geometric mean between two pulse periods which are to be distinguished. By cascading timers, pulses as short as 300 nanoseconds may be stretched to any length needed. However, pulses less than several microseconds in length do not produce consistent or predictable time delays from the K303, and are only recommended for pulse-stretching (using built-in 0.002 mf timing capacitor). 293 APPLICATION ESTIMATING K303 TIME JITTER Repeat accuracy in the K303 can deviate as much as 8% of base time or frequency or even more if sufficient ripple is present on the voltage supply line. Jitter is related to frequency or time setting and may be estimated by the graph showing maximum jitter from a K731 power supply at 75% of its maximum output. (i.e. 1 ms. period @ 500 mv. supply ripple yields 8% jitter.) Jitter at a given frequency is also proportional to supply ripple. Reduction of ripple in applications requiring high accuracy may be accom· plished by using a separate, lightly loaded K731 or by using the H716 or H710 Power Supply. Recovery times less than 300C will be additive to supply jitter. When used as a clock the timer controls K371, K373, or K375 will pro· vide the proper recovery times. If peak-to-peak ripple is held to 100 mv, 950/0 repeat accuracy may be expected from the K303 at all the settings. 10'~--------------------------------------------------~ K303 PERCENT ~ JITTER vs. F'R£QUENCY 500nw ripple on . . , " .01' ....._ _-'-___--1""-_ _- ' -_ _--10_ _ _....._ _ _....._ _ _ _ _ _....._ __ 10... 100.,. lOMe: 11M 294 APPLICATION COMBINING K WITH M·SERIES MODULES There are several types of applications in which a combination of M and K Series modules is better than either one alone, such as interfacing a K Series system to a computer or interfacing an M Series system to electro-mechanical devices. Here are the things to consider and recommended designs for both pulses and levels in each direction. TIMING Timing considerations are important. but unfortunately are not reducible to simple rules: as in any other logic design task, interfacing K with M Series modules requires adherence to all timing constraints of the output device, the input device, and the logic loops (if any) as a whole. As a minimum, M Series signal driving K Series circuits must last long enough (at least 4 microseconds even if no propagation within the K Series is required) so that the K Series will not reject it as if it were noise; and as a minimum, K Series signals driving M Series circuits must be received by M Series inputs that will not be confused by ultra-slow risetimes_ K TO M SERIES LEVELS K SERIES ~ __ (~:~;~~~~~':o~NI~---- ~ TO ~ , AIilYM -SERIES INPUT J MIIilIMUM OF 2 GATES K TO M·SERIES LEVEL CONVERTER Note: Total lead length connected to input of first M Series gate should be less than 6 inches, to minimize any tendency toward oscillation while active region is being traversed. Do not use slowed K Series. levels. If noise still gets through, a .001 capacitor from M Series input pin to ground can be added. M TO K SERIES LEVELS 1. Diode gate inputs (K113, K123, etc.) and drivers with flexprint cables (K604, K644, K671) may be paralleled freely with M Series inputs. 2. M Series outputs should not be paralleled (wired AND) with K Series _ outputs. 3. K303 inputs, K220, K230 readin gate inputs, and K13S and K161 inhibit inputs require the full 5 volt K Series swing, and normally should not be paralleled with M Series inputs. Also in this category are clear inputs to K202, K210, K220, and K230. M Series gate out· puts will rise all the way to + SV if no M Series inputs are paralleled with these points, except the K161 inhibit input. 4. Other K Series inputs generally may be driven directly, but in some cases heavy capacitive loading will slow the transitions. 295 K TO M SERIES PULSES NORMAL 1100KHz) K SERIES RISE (2ma LOAD) 200pt T Note: Same input restrictions as K to M Series level converter. Ml13 may be replaced by M602 circuit if desired. M TO K SERIES PULSES Use a type M302 delay multivibrator set for at least 5 psec (capacitor pins H1·L2 or Sl·S2). Observe same restrictions on K Series inputs to be driven as listed above under "M to K Series levels." Loading Driving M from K Series modules, each risetime-insensitive input should be regarded as a 2ma K Series load, and K Series inputs may be freely mixed with M Series inputs up to the total K Series fanout of 15 milliamperes. M Series inputs could be regarded as 1.6ma each if more complicated rules and qualifications concerning use with K303 timers and reduction in low-output noise rejection were established, but the 2 rna equivalence is simpler and safer.' Driving K from M Series, each milliampere of K Series load should be regarded as one M Series unit load. For computer interfacing and other M-Series applications where K Series is used as a buffer to keep noise in the external environment from reaching high-speed logic, beware of long wires between the M and K Series portions. For full noise protection, all signal leads penetrating the noisy environment normally must have K-series modules at both ends. EIA converters (K596, K696) or lamp drivers may offer a helpful increase in signal amplitude or de· crease in allowable line impedance for long data links. In any case, use all the slowdown connections or slant capacitors that the required data rates permit. 296 APPLICATION COMBINING K WITH A SERIES MODULES The voltage breakdown ratings of K series gate module inputs (K1l3, K123, K134) is high enough to withstand the ± 10 volt output swing of an amplifier such as A207,. with correct gate output levels. T-his fact allows the A207 to be used not only as operational amplifier, but also as a comparator. A 12 bit slow speed analog·to·digital counter-type converter is made possible by using the A207 output directly as a logic signal. ANALOG INPUT BASIC COUNTER CONVERTER FEEDBACK LOOP In operation, the counter starts at zero and counts up until the D to A converter output just exceeds the analog input. As the comparator inputs reverse their polarity relationship, the comparator output switches and inhibits the clock. The counter is left holding a number representing the analog input voltage. The 20 microsecond recovery time of the A207 used as a comparator restricts operation to below 50 KHz. In the system shown here, the comparator "done" signal forces the clock output to the high state. Operation is re-started by clearing the counter or by an increase in the analog voltage. If a control flip-flop were added between the comparator and the gate, action could be halted regardless of input voltage change until a new "start" signal. Maximum conversion time is 4095 times 30 microseconds, or about 120 milliseconds. (The extra 10 microseconds allows for counter carry propagation· time and the time required for the A613 output to change one small step). 297 A faster converter may also be built using up/down counters or by buildiAg a successive-approximation type of converter. "- III en CD ..J CD N .,. Q.. CD CD ¥ CD CD I- ~ CD .., CD I' ¥ (,J ~ N III .,. CD ;:) 0 C ..J (,J ~ % Q.. C en c I' .. III iO C JC > CD 0 III Z CD 12 BIT ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER 298 APPLICATION COMBINING K WITH R SERIES MODULES For conversion from R series or other zero-and-minus levels to K series levels. the W603 (seven circuits. $23) may be used. When driving gate module or timer inputs. and most other K series inputs as well, pins Band V may be left open if desired (no +10 V supply). For conversion from K series to R series levels, use W512 (seven circuits. $25). For a more complete description of these FLIP CHIP modules. ask for the DIGITAL LOGIC HANDBOOK C-lOS. The"re are two modules in the R series which can be used directly in the K series: The ROOl and ROO2 gate expanders. The ROOl is convenient for adding one extra input to a K-Series expandable AND gate, while the ROO2 can facilitate multiple inputs to several expandable AND gates from the same logic signal. OUTPUT INPUT o o'----t-!-----E OUTPUT INPUT ~ 0 t--:o ~ :_____:i-------Jt---o 0 ~ OE F 0 ~ OH JO t-! OK ~ l O--It-!W---l---<> 0 OM NO II-t M O----~M----'- OP RO t-! 05 T 0 ~ 0 U o L PO __ II-t ~~ . ::___ R F K N I t---<> ~---..,-----~ 5 :~+--o v ROOl DIODE NETWORK ROO2 DIODE NETWORK ROOl-$4 ROO2-$5 299 APPLICATION PULSE GENERATOR FROM NAND GATES An effective pulse generator is formed by adding a capacitor to the OR node of a K113 inverting gate, as shown below. The circuit converts positive level transitions to pulses for clearing flip-flops, etc. Pulse width is slightly greater than 1000 C: 1.0 microfarad produces 1.0 to 1.5 millisecond pulses, 0.01 microfarad produces 10 to 15 microsecond pulses. The input must remain low for several times the pulse width for reasonable pulse width consistency. A80UT100~ INPUT __ --.-J -PULSE GENERATOR Each K003 gate expander module includes a 0.01 mf capacitor from pin B to ground, suitable for use in this circuit to obtain pulses approximately ten microseconds - wide. This is essentially the same scheme used to obtain one-shot behavior with K303 timers. Inverted output pulses for clearing flip·flop registers, etc. may be obtained by substituting a K113 for the K123 gate shown. The input low to high transition must be from an unslowed K Series output. If a slowed risetime is used, such as from a K580, K581, or K578, the output wi" remain low. Use a K501 Schmitt Trigger if the risetime needs to be speeded up. 300 AP~LlCATION K531 QUADRATURE DECODER APPLICATIONS The K531 can be used to provide all the necessary control signals to operate a K220 BCD up/down register for Nixie Displays or a K220 Binary up/down register for computer interfacing. The same encoder can be used to operate two K531 modules so that a NIXIE display can be provided with the binary in.terface. FIVE DECADE POSITIONAL NIXIE TUBE READ .OUT SIGH NIXIE MAOOUT ZERO DlUtT Total System Consists Of: 5 1 2 6 1 1 $52.00 $70.00 $ 8.00 $55.00 $30.00 $30.00 K220 K531 K012 K671 K741 K731 $260.00 $ 70.00 $ 16.00 $330.00 $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $736.00. 301 19 BITS PLUS THE SIGN BINARY INTERFACE - QUID Total System Consists Of: 5 1 1 1 K220 K531 K741 K731 $52.00 $70.00 $30.00 $30.00 302 $260.00 $ 70.00 $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $390.00 APPLICATION SENSOR CONVERTERS - OPERATION AND APPLICATIONS Sensor Converters are basically voltage comparators that compare an unknown variable input voltage against a fixed known internal or external reference voltage called the threshold voltage. If the unknown voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator output will be a logic 1, and if it is less, it will be a logic O. K·Series has two different converter modules, the K522 with a built in + 1.8 Volt reference and the K524 with a + 2.5 V reference. In most applications the inexpensive K522 module can be used, except where high common mode noise rejection, sensitivity, or 120 VAC input protection are required or where DC levels or signals are to be compared. The following application examples cover the major uses of sensor converters. I. Signal comparison against the internal voltage reference Use either the K522 or K524. Twisted pair wiring should always be used " between the transducer and sensor converter. A. Variable Resistance Devices. (Add trim pots to K522 and K524 module in predriJIed mounting holes.) 1. CdS photoconductive cell 2. Thermistor 3. Rheostat (Pressure Transmitter) 4. CdSe, Si, or Se photo cells All variable resistance devices require the use of a bias supply and trimpot in order to generate a voltage that will vary each side of the fixed internal reference supply. Predrilled trimpot mounting holes are provided on each circuit on both the K522 and K524 for this purpose. The K522 +3.6V bias supply is automatically connected when the trimpot is mounted on the board. On the K524 an external +5V bias supply must be connected to . pin Bon the B connector. This +5 supply can be the logic supply, but it is recommended that a separate K731 supply be used to protect ~he logic system from accidental contact with 120 VAC. If the logic supply were used for bias, all modules in the system would be destroyed if an accidental short to 120 VAC did occur. Only when the resistance of the transducer is greater than the resistance of the trim pot will the sensor converter output be high. The transducer and trimpot should tie picked in the following manner. Transducer The resistance of the transducer at the desired sensing point must be greater than 400 ohms and less than 20K for the K522 and less than lOOK for the K524. Trim pot The resistance of the trimpot must be adjustable to equal the transducer resistance at the desired sensing point. 303 _~"-_ I INTERNAL +3.6V 'TRIMPOT ADDED ON MOOtA.E BOARD PHOTOCELL. THERMISTOR. OR aTHfJ'. VARYING RESISTANCE LOGIC LEVEL OUT K522 WITH NEARBY SENSOR NOISE -FILTERING CAPACITOR ON CONNECTOR BOARD PHOTO CELL. THERMISTOR. OR OTHER VARYING RESISTANCE ,..---Y\,;rY-- BB +5 VOLTS LOGIC . LEVEL OUT SHIELDED TWISTED CABLE PAIR CHASSIS GROUND K524 WITH DISTANT SENSOR B. Voltage generati'ng devices (Trim pots or bias are not required) 1. Pulse tachometer 2. Poteniometer Some types of voltage generating devices can be sensed directly by a K522 or K524 provided that the voltage will vary each side of the fixed internal reference voltage. If the voltage swing does not go above the internal refer· ence supply voltage of either sensor module, the K524 will have to be used with an external reference supply. If it does not go below the internal reference supply voltage, voltage or current level sensing will have to be used. LOGIC LEVEL OUT CHASSIS GROUND 304 C. Voltage or current level sensing. (If the voltage swing at the sensor convertor + input will ever go negative, use the K524.) 1. Voltage level sensing To sense a voltage leve. greater than the internal reference supply voltage, a resistor divider should be used to attenuate the signal as follows: +~ K524 R2 must be between 0 ohms and 20K for the K522, 0 and lOOK for K524. R I and R2 should be chosen so that V I .(max) equal the maximum output RI + R2 current available or R I + R2 equal the minimum allowed load resistance and VR2 equals the internal threshold voltage of the sensor converter. (V is R 1 +R 2 the voltage ievel to be sensed.) voltage level to be sensed.) 2. Current level sensing R I and R2 should be chosen so that R I equals zero ohms, and IR2 equals the internal threshold voltage of the sensor converter. (I is the current level to be sensed.) II. Signal comparison against an external voltage reference. Use the K524 only. A. DC threshold comparison When the K524 control pins are connected for DC coupling the output will switch when the + input is within .3V of the voltage level of the minus input. Zero crossings at the + input signal can easily be detected by grounding the minus input. DC levels between ±7.5V can be sensed by connecting an external supply of the desired voltage level to the minus input. Since the minus input can only accept voltage ·Ievel between ± 7.5V while the plus input is good for ±30 volts, CMR to noise spikes will be lost as the minus input voltage approaches + or -7.5 volts. A better method to use in sampling large voltages is with a voltage divider. To sense a positive voltage, use the method described under voltage level sensing. To sample a negative voltage level, use the same technique, but connect the minus input to a negative voltage reference. The resistor divider calculations are the same as described for positive voltage levels, except the module thresh· old voltage will now be equal to the negative voltage reference on the minus input. B. DC signal comparison If the signals to be compared are between ± 7.5 volts the comparison can be made directly by connecting one signal to the + input and the other one to the - input. 305 If the signals are greater than ±7.5 volts or maximum common mode noise rejection is desired, a resistor divider should be used across each signal output to reduce the voltage swing. The same resistor values should be used for both dividers. 114 K524 + ~ DC __~'~R~____4-____________~~m .1 306 OUTPUT IS HIGH IF SIGNAL A IS GAEATER THAN SIGNAL. APPLICATION· DC DRIVERS CURRENT PATH CONTROL AU K-Series DC drivers sink current to ground and they all have a terminal, connector pin, or split lug that is specified as the load supply ground. To help segregate high D.C. currents from the logic system ground, these ·special ground connections must be wired directly to the minus side of the load supply. Where more than one load supply is being used, the minus sides should be bussed together. Ground the minus side of the supply to the chassis ground where they are mounted. By providing this direct connection from the module to the load power supply, heavy currents are forced to flow through the ground return wire and not through the chassis ground. t - - -......- - t + INTERNAL DC ISOLATION iN DC DRIVER MODULE.-=-------. - ... ;,JI......., . ... LOAD SUPPLY LOAD SUPPLY GROUND RETURN -~~~.;..;.:;.;~~----_-----4~--t CHASSIS GROUND NOTE: If the ground return wire is not prOVided, current will have to flow through the chassis ground. CLAMP DIODES All K-Series DC driver except the K681 and K683 have clamp diode protection available if the module is being used to control inductive loads. Protection can be obtained for the K681 and K683 if they are used with the K784 module. These clamp diodes provide protection for the output transistors from high voltages during turn off and must be connected to the positive side of the load power supply. If different load supply voltages are being used on a given module, connect the diodes to the positive side of the highest voltage supply. For resistive loads or lamps, the diodes are not required, but as a standard practice they should be connected as a safety precaution. DRIVER SELECTION The individual data sheets state the maximum voltage or current capability of the modules. If, for example, the specification states a voltage of 125 volts at up to 4 amps, this means that any load supply voltage between 1 volt and 125 volts may be used and that the module will conduct current when it is turned on up to 4 amps maximum. If the load has a surge current rating of 3 amps and a holding current of 1 amp, the driver must have at least a 3 amp rating. For this application the K658 should be used. 307 In some applications it is desired to let the current fall rapidly in an inductive load. If the clamp diode is returned directly to the load supply, the current will fall slowly because it will circulate through the load until it is dissipated due to the resistance of the inductive load in the form of heat. The current decay rate can be increased by putting a resistor in series with the clamp diode return. The maximum resistor value allowed is given by the formula. R = Vmax-Vp Il Vmax == maximum voltage rating for module Vp == load supply voltage It == maximum load current The peak power dissipated in the resistor will be Il2R •. The actual watt rating of the resistor may be smaller than this if the inductance is small or the repetition rate is slow, but you will I:)e safer if you use the maximum watt rating. As can be seen from the formula, the higher the voltage rating is for the module, the larger R can be, and the faster the current will decay. The K656 is useful for this application because of its 250 volt rating. DRIVERS IN PARALLEL The DC drivers may be connected in parallel to obtain greater current driving ability, however, there are two important considerations. 1. Paralleled drivers must all be on the same module. 2. The·current handling capability increases as the square root of the number of drivers that are connected. Example: 1 driver == 1 amp 2 drivers == 1.4 amps 3 drivers == 1.7 amps 4 drivers == 2 amps 308 APPLICATION USING K210s FOR LONG ODD-MODULUS COUNTERS The pulse generator shown on the previous page can be incorporated with K210 counters to obtain counts at non-binary moduli above 16, the limit for a single K210. Below is shown a modulus 24 counter, as would be required for a digital clock. INPUT ONCE PER HOUR (MUST DWELL HIGH FOR SEVERAL TIMES THE CLEARING PULSE WIDTH) " LOW WHEN INPUT IS HIGH IF COUNTERS HOLD 23 \CLEAR PULSE OVERRIDES NEGATIVE INPUT NO. 24 The basic principle involved is to detect the largest number to be permitted, and to generate a clear pulse when it disappears due to the reception of one more c·ount. The same method may be extended to counters of any length. provided the clear pulsewidth is wide enough to override any possible carry propagation. 309 APPLICATION PARALlEL COYNTERS The counters shown elsewhere in this handbook are "serial" counters: that is, the input to a counter module of high significance is the simple output of the next less significant flip-flop, resulting in a time difference between groups of outputs (within any K210, K220, or K230 module all outputs switch essentially simultaneously). If a long counter is driving a large decoder, or if flip-flop outputs from differ· ent parts of the counter are being gated together for any purpose, carry propagation time down a serial counter can give rise to false .transients lasting several microseconds from the decoder or gating. In effect, the carry propagation time causes the counter to pass through one or more wrong counts on the way to the correct state. The solution is to feed cou.nt pulses in" parallel to all modules simultaneously, but gating the pulses to modules of high significance with the "1" outputs from all bits of lesser significance. The diagram below shows how this is done for an 8 bit (or two decade) K210 counter. Observe that modules of higher significance would need input gates expanded to 9, 13, or 17 inputs for 12, 16, and 20 flip-flop counters respectively. Photoelectric shaft-angle transducers generate signals A and B in quadrature. Where ma~imum resolution and/or two-way counting is desired, the scheme below can be used to interface the amplified transducer outputs to the counter control shown on K220 data pages. 12 BIT PARALLEL BINARY COUNTER 310 APPLICATION ANNUNCIATORS In the simplest type of annun~iator, a single aiarm device is triggered by any abnormal occurrence, and a lamp is lighted by the occurrence to identify it. An inexpensive annunciator of this type can be buil~ by taking advantage of the four Schmitt triggers and differentiators in the K184 module as indicated below. If silver contacts are to be sensed, auxiliary load and higher voltage must be used, preferably 120 VAC with K604·K716 or K614. Any number of inputs may be handled by ORing Kl84 outputs (wired OR if possible for up to 5KI84s). The normal 5 #,sec K184 pulsewidth should be stretched to 140 #,sec for use with a slowed·down alarm flip·flop by putting a 0.1 mf capacitor from each KI84 pin J to ground. . . TO WARNING OEVICE SIMPLE ANNUNCIATOR fOR fOUR DRY CONTACTS In larger systems or where an abnormal occurrence may be too brief to be identified from a simple direct driven indicator, flip-flop memory must be added to each line to set up this sequence of operations: ANNUNCIATOR LAMP STATUS ALARM STATUS Off 1. No Alarm 2. Alarm - Unacknowledged 3. Aiarm - Acknowledged 1. No Alarm - Flashing (2Hz) Steady Memory Cancelled Off The Flash Supply is generated at a suitably low frequency by a K303 Clock with K375 Timer Control. Thi!iO supply is available for distribution to other similar stages in a system. The Alarm f.F. is set with an Alarm Input at Logic 1, the K580 controls the Alarm 0 to 1 response time. (See K580 data sheet) This allows the Lamp to flash. The Alarm F.F. is not cancelled, should the Alarm Input return to Logic O. The initial Alarm must first be acknowledged manually before the Alarm F.F. is reset. Acknowledging the Alarm changes the Lamp from Flashing to Steady, and prepares the Alarm F.F. for Reset by the Alarm Input returning to Logic O. 311 K Series Modules per Annunciator MODULE TYPE K003 K113 K123 Kl34 K580 K681 NUMBER REQUIRED 1 1 1 1 1 1 @ @ @ @ @ @ 3 1 3 1 1 1 $ 5.00 $11.00 $12.00 $13.00 $28.00 $15.00 COST PE LINE NUMBERS OF CIRCUITS USED of of of of of of 3 3 3 4 8 8 $ 5.00 $ 3.60 $12.00 $ 4.33 $ 3.50 $ 1.80 TOTAL $30.23 The cost of common items, K303, K375, Power supplies etc., must be spread equally over the number of Annunciators in a system to get the true cost per stage. r----------, I I I I ALARM ACKNOWLEDGE TO OTHER ANNUNCIATOR STAGES "" ..... ANNUNCIATOR LAMP 312 APPLICATION THUMBWHEELS AND MULTIPLEXING THEM WITH K581 Binary-coded decimal thumbwheel switches of many sizes and types are available to provide convenient manual data entry into K220 and K230readin gates via K580 switch filters. Below are listed some of the many types that can be us~ this way: MANUFACTURER'S TYPE PANEL CUTOUT HEIGHT WIDTH PER DIGIT· 1.380" 2.000" 0.980" 0.980" 1.375" 0.960" 0.500" 0.500" Digitran 315 Digitran 13015 Digitran 715 Digitran 8015 Digitran 9015 EECo 5305 0.500" 0.500" 0.60041 0.500" -Note: Additional "zero digits" width Renerally required in pane' cutout. The simplest hookup uses one K580 for every two decimal digits as shown here. 11i i I iii I I I I I o 0 I I I I I I I ) )TW08CO S''''.ES KS80 Power for the unmultiplexed sy,tem can be obtained from a 10 volt DC power supply or by using the circuit shown here with the auxiliary 12.6v winding on the K743 transformer. ,------, I I I sl I L ____ ...J EIGHT SILICON DIODES t N400t. ETC. • GETTING +10Y FROM K743 USING A K730 313 Where more economic to below. This provided for than one or two thumbwheel registers are needed it may be multiplex several digits through the same K581circuits as shown scheme requires diodes to be mounted on the switches, as by all of the types listed above. IN4001 diodes may be used. +5v " «683 OUTPUT STAGES ~--------y----------~ ~------- .. z-I Itt DIGIT DIGIT To sequence through the registers. it is necessary to turn on one K683 circuit at a time; this can de done by a K161 binary to octal decoder. Since no BCD decade can draw more than 60 milliamperes. as many as four decades can be handled on anyone K683 switch. Circuits may be paralleled for larger registers. Notice that K581 outputs will be one diode drop above ground i.n the "low" state: This restricts muliplexing to use with K220 or K230 readin gates, or to Kl13. K123. or K134 inputs at 1 milliampere only. If the diode outputs (connector) on K683 are used, noise rejection will be reduced to levels that would normally be unacceptable. Direct (solder lug) connections are definitely recommended. • 314 FIXED MEMORY USING 1<281 Switch registers such as those shown on the preceding page may be considered as memory devices. Very often a system that needs thumbwheel memory (or flip·flop memory) can also benefit from memory that is not readily changed. By using a K281 board with diodes cut out where "zero" is to be recorded, many types of sequence or character (symbol) codes may be permanently stored in a digital system. II t34 IMYUln" o M 1t.8. 'B'MAtly p TO OCTAl.. It DATA OI.ITNT M WORD ADORt:SS {2 P " " : Y Y u Variations More 4-bit words: a) Use same K161 and K681 b) Duplicate K281 and KI34, tying KI34 outputs together c) Use pin K inhibit on KI34s to select 8 words d) Up to 40 4·bit words may be obtained (fanout down to 3) e) For more 4·bit words use longer words and gate outputs Longer Words: a) Use same K161 and K681 b) Duplicate K281 and K134; two for 8 bits, three for 12 bits. etc c) Singte K681 capable of word lengths to 28 bits d) Get more than 8 words as in getting more 4·bit words Serial Scanout: a) Connect word address tines to scanning counter b) Tie together K134 outputs c) Select word at KI34 pins N. R, T. V. d) Second KI6t can select word at Kl34 inputs e) Scanning and word-address K161s may be swapped f) This system is expandable in two dimensions also Note: The K681 Lamp. Driver lacks the noise immunity and output slowdown deSigned into all of the general-purpose K·Series logiC modules. For this reason it is important to take advantage of congruent pin aSSignments by assigning adjacent module slots to K161, K681. K281. and Kl34 modules used in memory applications. 315 ... ~ I ! BINAR"f FRACTION Itt .. M E c: !:t :;; ,.r-iii KI84 112 V4 N - R 118 Vt6 1132 T v N 11'64 '1'128 V2e6 R v T w 0'1 10' 0 tOt 0 INPUT RATE 10101 ot 0 OUTPUT RATE 8 BIT RATE MULTiPliER :.- =I t: ,~ .... (5 Z APPLICATION RATE SQUARER This circuit shows one of the many fascinating and useful tricks possible with rate multipliers. Here the output rate varies as the square of the input rate. so that. for example. a flywheel rotation rate could be read out in units of stored energy. etc. H'UT FMGUrNCY fo(O TO eo Kol ........_ _ _ LOAD ONU ~ OUTI'UT . . . - - . - - - _ FREQU£NCY foZ'S fo; fo IS A FRACTION) FROM UP1'£R K2IO COIIRUPONDING OUTPJTS FROM UPPEJII K210 OOIIIfI£sP ts all auxiliary machine functions commonly available on mUlti-axis point-to-point machine tools. • Computes coordinates from shorthand symbols that define commonly used geometric patterns (for example, bolt hole circles, arcs, grids, and incremental lines). Up to 4095 coordinates can be computed from a Single command. • Stores and repeats recurring random or geometric pattern definitions for reuse in present or future part programs. • Accepts and prints out editorial corrections, program comments and machine operator's instructiohS. • Automatically punches the completed part program," including auxiliary machine functions, on paper tape in EIA character code and machine control format. • Accepts input data programs punched on paper tape in ASCII character code and format. • Uses a single, easily learned language for a wide variety of machines; 339 'SYSTEM DESCRIPTION A minimum Quickpoint-8 system is comprised of: a general purpose PDP-8 computer with core memory of 4,096 12-bit words; a Quickpoint program with postprocessor; and a teletypewriter for input/output. The teletypewriter includes an alphanumeric keyboard, a tape reader, a tape punch and a line printer. (Model ASR33 Teletype is suitable for light-duty use. For heavy-duty use, a model ASR35, or a backup ASR33, is recommended.) The operating speed of the teletypewriter is 10 characters per second. An optional high-speed paper tape I\eader increases the reading speed to 300 characters per second for such applications as faster interchange of postprocessors. Because the Quickpoint-8 system uses a general purpose computer, conventional data processing tasks such as machine loading and production control can be accomplished when the system is not being used for compiling part programs. THE QUICKPOINT LANGUAGE The Quickpoint language comprises a limited number of easily learned operating procedures. The main purpose of the language is to permit direct transfer of information from part drawings to input data preparation, and to instruct the system to run, operate in different modes, and accept changes. The language. also allows the system to notify the parts programmer of language or programming rule violations. Included in Quickpoint are coordinate commands, geometric pattern commands, pseudo commands, pattern commands, auxiliary function commands, error messages, and general format rules. Following are a few examples of commands the system can execute. The power of these commands is evident in that geometry can be described directly from print data for point-to-point and as well as for some two-axis profiling without the need for separate calculation on the part of the parts programmer. Geometric Commands INC INCREMENT: Allows incrementing along X or Y axis by specifying, in order, direction (R, L, U, or D for Right, Left, Up, or Down), increment (distance between holes), and number of holes. INCREMENT ~ + IE- + + + + + 0) LAA LINE AT ANGLE: Allows incrementing along a line at an angle to the X axis by 'specifying, in order, the increment value, angle, and number of holes. 340 BHC IOLT HOLE CIRCLE: Allows for computation of bolt holes by speclfyinl, in order, the radius of circle, angle from X axis of first hoi', and number of holes. ARC ARC: Allows for computat."n of holes along an arc by specifying, in order, the radius of arc, angle from X axis of first hole, incremental angle between holes, number of holes. It )( )( lit ~~~\. ~~u\.f;. \~c"f;."'~~ ORD GRID: Allows for computation of holes in a grid pattern by specifyina in order, direction, increment, and number of lines of each axis. + + v + 1.+ INCREMENT ut if ++ + + + + + + ft'- ~ x INCREMENT + + + + + + + + ~ R 'attem Commands Pattern commands anow the parts programmer to make up his own random pattern consisting of both geometric commands and incremental coordinates. By numbering these patterns, he may reuse them over and over by merely calling them by their assigned number. Patterns may be combined to define larger patterns. r------------, I ...L P~Tl I I, .0 f , +, 1.0 TVP., I 20 . It+ 1 .1. ++ 1 12'0~'0 l:l -- T W + I ' + 1 -I - - - 2.0"':"- 2.0 I 341 - - - I .J ____ STARTING COORDINATES Xl0 Vl0 For instance, to define a pattern of random· holes, the operator types PAT with an identifying number. All coordinates and geometric commands which follow are included in the pattern definitions until and END command is typed. for example: . X1~." Y1~.Qf PAT1/ DX-2.fJ DY2.fiJ DX2.fJ DY2.~ DX2.iJ DY1.f} INCI D 1.iJ 3 EHD < PATl To repeat a pattern, new starting coordinates are typed and then the PATTERN command is retyped. X2fiJ.8 Y1e.e PAT1 Pattern 1 ~ will be repeated starting at X20 VIO. ~---------..., PAT 1 REPEATED + I I I + I + + + I I I + I L _________ -1 ~ STARTING COORDINATES X20 Vl() Patterns may be defined within patterns and previously defined patterns may be used to define new patterns--for instance: PAT3/ DX2 PAT 1 END ~"c"A~t.:g~ ;. ~ .:1 ::~ '/- Z ~~' ~ POP-'4 CONTROL UNIT <" ~~l,PtJno~ ~'LES ...... ~ ..... ~; :(/. P:: """" V~ """" " V "" V-" V 1ID.14'-' V V'-... 0 lOX e; V {'- ~C ~ 0 lOX ./ ~ ~'-.. - ~ '::::::". ./ V ~'-.. C -V 1.,---V ~j. ~.' ----- 1 ~~ ~ I ? ~ ~ C J I--" ~ ~ I ~UCT I lOX ~'-.. - CIRCUIT IREAICER "- .--- V e:: "~ "~ V "V V [\..... ~z, -\,L OTHER DEVIC E S .I". - '- ~TRIPS, ~(> .' :<:' CONTROL TRANSFORMER 115 VAC 11/) OUTPUT TERMINATIONS ~ 11 #//;/; .;Jf /'$,. '/::/.:W~'l~~;' 7 PDP-14 System Layout Example 374 NEMA 12 ENCLOSURE PDp·14 SYSTEM EXAMPLE What are the procedures involved in designing and maintaining a PDP-14 system? • • • • • • Configuring the sy~tem and selecting hardware Developing the control program Installing the ,hardware Debugging the system Installing the ROM Maintaining the system All-except the first of the above steps are assisted by software provided by DEC. Configuring the System How do you decide what PDP-14 hardware you will need to solve your control program? You must answer the following questions. 1. How many real outputs (motor contactors, solenoids, lights, etc.) are required? 2. How many timers are needed? 3. Must the PDP-14 record information with storage outputs or retentive memories? 4. How many inputs (limit switches, push buttons, selector switches, pres-' sure switches, etc.) are in the system? 5. Will the PDP-14 be monitored by an external computer? 6. How many variables are in an equation to control a typical output? Question 1 determines the number of output boxes required. let's assume there are 72 outputs. (If a relay system is being changed over to PDP-14, control relays should be excluded from this count.) These 72 Outputs require 5 output boxes and leaves 8 spare outputs~ Question 2 concerns the selection of accessory boxes. An "A-box" can contain 16 timers. let's assume there are 12 operations which must be timed. You need one A-box and 6 timer cards (each provides 2 timers). Question 3 also concerns the A-box, if retentive memories are needed. Retentive memories are available as one mercury-wetted relay per card. Only 4 retentive memories may be used in one A-box, and each uses two output slots. let's assume no retentive memories are needed. However, there are 7 status conditions which must be recorded (similar to the old control relay), and 5 push buttons, the activation of which the PDP-14 must remember after the input is no longer present. These require 12 storage outputs or one storage module with 4 spares. 375 Question 4 is a straight forward count of two state inputs. Each position of a selector switch is considered as a single input. Let's assume there are 91 inputs. Thus 3 input boxes are required, providing 96 input slots, five of which are spares. Question 5 has several implications. The obvious need is a computer interface. Howev.er if the PDP-14 is to be monitored, several other considerations are also needed. Storage outputs may be required for communication between the PDp·14 and the monitor. More memory may be needed to handle monitor· ing information. Let's assume that the monitor will simply check inputs and outputs on a cycle-stealing basis and that there will be 5 status words sent from the PDP-14 to the monitor. The requirement is for approximately 25 extra PDP-14 locations. Question 6 is probably the toughest to answer. It is 'aimed at an estimate of the amount of PDP·14 memory required for the system. If equations on the (X2 + X3 + X4) • X5), or more, a average contain 5 variables (e.g. Y1 good estimate is that it will require 2N PDP-14 memory 10cationS'to solve the equation, where N is the number of variables. For less than 5 variables, 2N + 2 is the suggested estimating rule. = Let us assume there are on the average 7 variables in an equation (N = 7). We have 72 output equations, 12 timer equations, 12 storage output equa· tions, a total of 96 equations each requiring approximately 14 PDp·14 (2N) locations. Thus, the memory requirement is 1344 locations (96 x 14). We also needed 25 locations to handle the monitoring needs. Thus a 2K (2000 location) memory is ne-eded. There are several trade-offs which may be made when configuring a system. Unused outputs may be used as storage outputs; programming (subroutines) may replace other storage outputs; monitoring systems may adjust the amount of processing done in the PDP-14 with the amount done in the monitor to vary the amount of memory required; excess memory may be used to diag· nose equipment failures by turning on signal lights when inputs are found to be in the wrong state. Developing the Control Program The PDp·S computer is used to run BOOL-14 and SIM·14 to write the PDP·14 control program. If the PDp·14 program will require greater than lK of memory (1000 locations), an SK PDp·S is needed to develop the program. For programs of 1K or less, a 4K PDp·8 is sufficient. The steps involved are: 1. Assign each input and output to a specific PDp·14 I or O·box and obtain the X and Y number. - 2. Write the Boolean equations for each output using the X and Y numbers for inputs and outputs. 3. Type the equations on the Teletype. 4. Use BOOL·14 to generate the machine code program. 5. Read the machine code program into SIM·14. 6. Use local mode of SIM·14 to verify the instructions for each equation, by varying the, input and recording the resultant output value; genera.te 376 truth tables for each equation; use simulated execution to test the whole program without attaching the PDP-14. SIM-14 will later be used to debug the complete hardware/software system. 'nstalling the PDP·14 Hardware The PDp-14 hardware is installed within a standard NEMA 12 enclosure. The PDP-14 control unit is mounted near the bottom of the enclosure with the cables connecting it to the input, output, accessory and storage boxes. These boxes are usually mounted above the PDp-14 but still within the NEMA enclosure. The required 110 VAC power is supplied to the processor directly. The I and a·boxes must be supplied independently with 110 VAC at each terminal either from an input, (e.g. limit switch) or to be switched to an output (e.g. a solenoid). The field wiring to the input and output boxes may be direct or via terminal strips within the NEMA 12. The PDp-14 system when installed may be thoroughly checked to ascertain that no damage to the circuitry was received during shipment using TEST-14, a PDP-8 based diagnostic program. This program operates on a 4K PDP.g and exercises all of the internal PDP-14 logic and contains options for testing the I and a·boxes. Failures cause message typeouts on the teletype console indicating which test the PDp-14 failed. The documentation provided indicates which module or modules may be defective, and the priority in which they should be checked. A defective module may be replaced in seconds. If the I and a·box circuitry is to be tested, the field wires to the a-boxes should not be connected. Field wiring to inputs which directly turn on other devices should also be disconnected. Once the PDp-14 has been thoroughly tested (one pas~ through the test takes approximately 3 minutes), the field wiring, if not already in place, is completed to the I and a·boxes and the complete system is debugged. Debugging the System When the program has been written and debugged aqd the hardware is installed, the system is debugged using online mode of S.IM-14. In online mode, the PDp·14 program, which has been thoroughly debugged in local mode of SIM-14, is supplied to the PDP-14 and executed. The machinery will operate under SIM-14 as it will when the ROM is installed except that the PDp·14 will check inputs and set outpu.ts at a significantly faster rate when its program is stored in the ROM. (This difference in processing speed between online mode and the ROM will not be a factor in most applications and can be counteracted, if necessary, through use of software subroutines.) Bringing up a system that is to be controlled by a PDP-14 is considerably easier than a relay controlled system, because of the features of online mode and the terminal lights of the I and O·boxes. Wiring errors are easily detected by looking at indicator lights. If an operation does not occur, a glance at the lights indicates which input or inputs is not present. Using SIM-14, ~he state of storage outputs, timers, and retentive memories may be determined. Quick patches may be made to the program if problems are discovered. Check out progresses at a considerably improved pace because of the PDP-14 hardware and software. 377 The PDP·14 program may be executed in online mode in sections, using strategically placed "program stops" at which point execution of the PDp·14 program halts and control returns to SIM·14. Shut·down sequences or "stop equations" that are executed before control returns to SIM·14 may also be used in online mode. Thus the PDP-14 program may be run in total, or if desired, in parts thereby lesting each individual programmed operation. Installing the ROM Once the system has been checked·out and the program is correct, a paper tape is punched from which DEC will weave a ROM. The ROM will be returned to you in two to three weeks. During that time the PDP-14 may continue to operate in online mode of SIM-14 and thus the controlled equipment may still be operated. Once the ROM (or ROM's, if a greater than lK program is used) has returned, it is plugged into the PDP-14 mainframe. The PDP-8 interface cables for SIM·14 online mode are removed, and the PDP-14 system is complete. Field rewiring can change any instruction in the program after it is woven in the ROM. The procedure is simply to clip the lead from 'the old wire, and solder a new wire in its place. The new wire is then placed through, or around, the series of transformer cores to represent the correct instructions. If more than 15% of the programmed instructions must be altered; the rewiring may become cumbersome and a completely rewoven ROM should be considered. A PDP-8 based program, VER-14 may be used to verify that the memory contains the same instructions as contained on a paper tape. Thus a program change should be made using SIM-14 and a new tape generated. (The change should, of course, be tested in local and online modes of SIM-14 first.) The wires may then be replaced in the ROM. When the ROM is re-installed in the PDP-14, VER-14 may be used to verify that the changes were properly made. Maintaining the System Once a system has been installed it may be maintained in several ways. When a failure occurs, it must be diagnosed to be in one of three areas: (1) the controlled machine (2) the input, output accessory boxes or The Storage Module (3) the PDp·14 control unit Assume that the failure may be characterized as, "this should happen now, but it doesn't!" Examining the input and output lights, it can easily be determined if the output to start the operation is present and if the inputs required to activate this output are present. If the output is on, the problem is in the machine; if the output is off and an input required for that output is missing, the problem is in the machine. If all inputs are present and the output is' missing, the fault can be either in the PDP-14'\ and O-boxes or in the PDP-14 control unit. Once it has been determined that the failure is in the PDp·14 part of the system, the isolation of the failure to either the I and a-boxes or the PDP-14 processor itself is achieved by assuming that the I or a-box is at fault. The I and O·boxes may be checked out by swapping the modules concerned with the faulty input or output. Spare part kits are available for this purpose. If 378 module swapping in the interface boxes does not resolve the problem, the PDP-14 processor must be considered at fault_ The processor may be cheeked out with TEST-14, the PDP-S based diagnostic program to ascertain that the PDP-14 circuitry operates properly. If TEST-14 does not point out any electronic failure, the ROM memory may be tested ' with VER-14 against the paper tape record of the program. If no problem has been discovered in either the memory or the processor, it must be in the circuitry of the I and a-boxes. These may be tested using TEST·14 and a special box tester fixture. To perform this test, the field wires are first reo moved from the a-boxes. If a PDP-8 is not available for testing the PDP-14, the central processor may be maintained by using the detailed maintenance manuals supplied wit.h the PDP-14, or by module swapping using the spare parts kit which can be purchased separately. The maintenance procedure described above may be performed by the end user or by the wide network of well trained DEC Field Service Specialists. Service contracts beyond the normal warranty for the PDP-14 are available. PDP·14/L The PDP-14/L has all the features and advantages of the PDP-14 but is a smaller version, limited in expandability. The PDP-14/ L Can be expanded only to 64 inputs and 64 outputs (or 128 inputs only). Memory expansion is limited to 1,024 words. The 14/ L is programmed in the same manner as the PDP-14 with_identical software and diagnostics. In fact, they are so similar that their control units are interchangeable. 379 CONTROL SYSTEMS CONTROL PRODUCTS The Control Systems Group of Digital Equipment Corporation offers to its customers a complete design and manufacturing service in the area of module systems and PDP·14 special systems. The Control Systems Grou-p maintains a qualified staff of experienced design engineers together with their manufactur· ing counterparts to provide these services with a high level of technica~ competence and at a reasonable cost saving to the customer. In order to clarify and est!3blish the policies and services offered by each of the two divisions of Control Systems: Modules Systems and PDp·14 Special Systems will be defined separately. A. Module Systems Digital Equipment Corporation offers to its customers the capability of designing and building special purpose digital logic systems. The ultimate aim of this group is to establish a limited production quick turn around capability. To make this feasible, a minimum initial order of ten identical units must be ordered. After the initial committments, orders for single units will be accepted. It should be understood that this group can take an existing system and produce it without going through the prototype stage. However, if there is any question concer'Ming the operation of the system, a prototype will be required. With respect to the prototype, prior to acceptance of the purchase order, all specifications must be defined and agreed upon between the Control Systems Group and the customer. All testing of the unit will be performed to this set of specifications. Acceptance will be based upon a successful demonstration to the customer that the specifications have been met. Digital Equipment Corpora.' tion will not warrant the system beyond the date of acceptance but will honor all existing module warranties. The engineering and technician labor which a customer pays for at this time should be considered as his investment in product development and as such must be written off over the expected life of the product. The customer's decision at this point must be to decide how many systems are necessary to economically cover his investment. Digital Equipment Corporation will, in effect. act as consultant engineers to these customers and the charges which are assessed must be viewed in this light. Unlike consultants, however, a maximum charge for engineering is specified which Iimitsthe amount which will be charged for these services. The Control Systems Group also provides full documentation (engineering prints, module layouts, and, if deemed necessary, an operational write-up of the system) ..Should the need arise for training of the customer's personnel in the operation of the equipment, the Control Systems Group will also provide this service. 380 B. PDp·14 Special Systems The primary function of the PDp·14 Special Systems group is to offer to the customer Digital Equipment Corporation's experience and talent in designing tailor made control systems based upon a PDp·14 central processor. In order to accomplish this, each system will be developed by working as closely with the customer as possible. An emphasis will be placed on utilizing as many PDp·14 standard options as possible and specialized designs will be kept to a minimum. In addition, the PDp·14 Special Systems Group can provide computer based PDp·14 systems as well as stand alone PDp·14 systems. This approach offers the lowest possible cost and speediest delivery. When it is determined that all of the customer's requirements have been decided, a system will be designed implementing these functions. At that time, a firm quote will be developed to cover the cost of the equipment. In addition to the hardware, the quote will cover labor, documentation, diagnostic programming and testing costs. Each system will be warranteed to meet all of the electric specifications as agreed upon between the customer and Digital Equipment Corporation. Acceptance testing will be performed at Digital Equipment Corporation and the customer will be notified sufficiently in advance should he care to be present at the time of the test. The warrantee of the system will be identical to that of the PDp·14 upon which it is installed. 381 382 TRAINING AND DESIGN AIDS . CONTROL PRODUCTS K-SERIES LOGIC LAB INTRODUCTION The K Series Logic Laboratory is designed for use with" K Series Modules. It is a device for building prototype systems for experimentation and proof of logic design as well as an effective tool for learning solid state control logic. It is excellent for training users in digital logic techniques by enabling an individual to construct logical networks,' with a "hands on approach" to learning control systems for Industrial Applications. " The K Series Logic Lab is a completely self contained system consisting of a power supply, photo cell, pulse generator, switch controls, indicators, mounting hardware and a recommended basic complement of logic modules necessary to construct a working system. The system is expandable and can accommodate additional K901 patchboard panels for mounting additional logic modules. EDUCATION AND TRAINING As a training device the K Series Logic Lab offers the engineer, technician, and user. a step by step approach to building an understanding of various digital logic functions, such as, AND, OR and the operations of NAND and NOR etc. The user has the option of using NEMA or Mil spec symbology when making logic connections. Symbology cards on basic logic modules for use with the K901 patchboard panel are printed with NEMA on one side and MIL SPEC 806 on the reverse side. BREADBOARDING AND TESTING The logic .laboratory power supply is capable of supplying 5V-OC for about 100 modules. There is no restriction on the size of a system which can be . implemented, since additional patchboard panels can be ordered and "K" Logic Laboratories interconnected directly. There is no substitute for actually building the system and verifying the logic. Some common uses of the Logic Laboratory are listed below. Many of these are described in detail in the Control Handbook and part III in the 1969 Positive Edition Logic Handbook: Timer Sequencers Shifter Sequencers Parallel Counters Pulse Rate Multiplier Serial Adder Stepping Motors Control Pulse Generator Annunciator 383 ,CONTROL PANEL - POWER SUPPLY K900 The K900 is a combination power supply and input control panel. The input devices include a photocell, three push button pulsers and timing components for a K303 clock mounted in a K901 panel. C,lock timing components are provided for frequency steps in ranges of 2Hz to 60Hz and 200Hz to 6K Hz. Wiring diagrams for properly connecting the clock are shown in the logic and control handbooks (reference K303). The power supply can drive approximately ten type K901 panels of K series FLIP CHIP:!9 logic. Pulsers consist of a K501 schmitt trigger with a K581 switch filter. Power is supplied by K731, K743 and K732 power supply modules. Electrical Cha racteristics Input voltage: Power supply: 115V 50-60 cps Output voltage: +5 VDC ± 10% Output current: 3 amp Mechanicai Characteristics Panel width: 19" Power Output connection: Hayman Tab Panel height: 5~/' terminals which fit AMP "Faston" re-/ Depth: 12" ceptacle series 250, part 41774 or Finish: black Type 914 Power Jumpers. Power Unit connection: 18/3 AC power cord K9QO-$185 384 PATCH BOARD PANEL K901, 911 K901 PATCHCORD MOUNTING PANEL . This panel provides up to ten FLIP CHIP® modules with power and patch connections. Space between patching sockets allows insertion of logic diagrams. Logic diagrams are printed on all FLIP CHIP® Module data sheets. More permanent plastic diagrams are available for -those modules listed. PANEL WIDTH 19 in PANEL HEIGHT: 53<6 in. DEPTH: 61f2 in. with FLIP CHIP modules inserted FINISH: B1ack POWER INPUT CONNECTIONS: Tabs which fit AMP "Faston" receptacle series 250, part 41774. 911 PATCHCORDS DEC Type 911 Banana-Jack Patchcords are supplied in color-coded lengths of 2 in. (brown), 4 in. (red), 8 in. (orange), 16 in. (yellow), 32 in. (green), and 64 in. (blue). Patchcords may be stacked to permit multiple connections at any circuit point on the graphic panels of the DEC K901 Mounting Panel. The cords are supplied in snap-lid plastic boxes of ten for handy storage. H901-$125 911-$9/ pkg. of 10 385 INDICATOR SWITCH PANEL K902 ,. • • • • • • I (r 1) I :8 I I ~.~ ! E F.. # (~ I, t \ 1 \'fl :< Dry Contact Filter .. Dry Contact Filter .. EIA Input Converter . Isolated AC Switch Isolated AC Switch Isolated AC Switch DC Driver DC Driver DC Driver DC Driver DC D~ver .. . ............... . Decimal Decoder & Nixie Display .. . Lamp Driver Lamp Driver ............ . EIA Output Converter. Interface Block .. Interface Shell ............. . Source and Control Module . Source Module Slave Regulator Power Transformer .. Power Transformer .. Display Supply Terminal ... . Terminal .. . Test Probe ... Control Panel-Power Supply Patch Board Panel. Indicator Switch Panel Patch Board Panel Mounting Hardware Mounting Hardware Mounting Panel .... Modular Mounting Hardware End Plates. Mounting Panel . Timer Component Board. Patchcords Patchcords Power Jumper. Patchcords Bus Strip Bus Strip Wire-Wrapping Wire Wire-Wrapping Wire Conductor Ribbon Cable Cover .... Mounting Rack New Modules 403 PRICE PAGE 28.00 20.00 20.00 110.00 88.00 92.00 66.00 40.00 50.00 80.00 128.00 55.00 15.00 30.00 44.00 75.00 55.00 19.09 30.00 27.00 30.00 45.00 35.00 12.00 17.00 40.00 185.00 125.00 145.00 155.00 4.00 6.00 96.00 39.00 6.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 18.00 4.00 33.00 0.60 1.00 50.00 60.00 0.60 9.00 25.00 120 120 123 124 127 130 133 136 138 139 141 143 144 146 148 150 154 155 157 160 168 168 170 171 171 170 384 385 386 387 173 173 175 177 178 179 180 385 242 243 242 .240 240 240 241 241 178 388 INDEX 104, 107 AC Input Converter Adder, Serial Amplifier Card Amplifier, Differential Amplifier, Operational Amplifier, Transducer. Analog-to-Digital Converters Analog-to Frequency Converters Annunciators BCD Binary-to-Octal Decoding Blank Modules Brake Drivers 320 204 107-113,202,204,303 202, 204 107-113, 202, 303 222, 2,26, 297 329 311 46, 59, 62, 92, 94, 96, 98, 114, 143, 190, 191 46-48 259 139, 141 31 256 248-255 63, 88, 89 133-142 109, 202, 204 49-51 392 237-239 173, 236 262-267 120 . 380 104, ~07 222, 226 212, 214, 216, 218 .... 295, 296 295, 296 268-285 59, 62, 64 310 324 64, 301, 319 162-167 Cable Connector Cables Cabinets Clocks ... Clutch Drivers . Comparator, Analog . Comparator, Digital Computer Lab. Connector Blocks Connector Mounting Bars Construction Recommendations Contact Filters Contro," Systems . Conversion, AC Input Conversion, Analog-to-Digital Conversion, Digital-to-Analog . Conversion, K-to-M Series Conversion, M-to-K Series. Conversion, Relay-to-K Series Counters, Binary-coded Decimal Counters, Parallel Counters, Switch-tail Ring Counters, Up-Down Current Requirements-Modules 59, 62, 64 Decimal Counters 99, 143 Decimal Decoders . 92, 94, 143 Decimal Indicators 46,98, 143 Decod i ng- Digita I 35, 77, 80, 82, 84, 100, 180, 190, 286, 293, 300 Delay .... 202, 204 Differential Amplifier-Fixed Gain 55, 56, 59, 62, 64, 68 Digital Divider ........ 8 Digital Inputs 352 Direct Numerical Control 293 Discriminator, Frequency. 107-113, 303, 306 Discriminator, Voltage 94, 143 Displays 170 Display Su ppl ies 405 INDEX Divider Drivers, Drivers, Drivers, Drivers, Drivers, Drivers, ..... . Clutch/ Brake . Indicator .... Motor Starter. Relay I Solenoid .,. Stepper Motor . Using ................................................... 62 ............. 133-142 .......................... 144, 147 124, 126, 130, 133-142 124, 126, 130, 133-142 .......... 133-142 ... ..................... 307 ........ 123, 148 EIA Converters .............. . Encoding-Digital End Plates .......................... . Equality- see Comparators Exclusive-OR ..... Expande~ 8 Chann~ . .. :............... 96 ............... 178 .................. 40 ..................... 194 186, 194 ......... . Expander, Multiplexer ... .. . Flip-Flops ............ . 42, 55-58 Gate Expanders ... logic ...................... ,.. .. ....... 28-30, 36-39 .................. 32, 34 G~tes, 133-142 .............................. 13 Hydraulic Valve Drivers .. Hysteresis ........ . Indicators ...... ....... .... ..... ................................. 92 Indicator Drivers ........................................................ ......... 144-147 Industrial Converter ........ . . ... ........ .. .......................................... 224 Inp.l Converters. ............. 103, 104, 107, 109, 114, 117. 120, 123 Input loading . ........................ ...................... ..... 11 Integrator ................................................................................................ 318 Interface Shells .. . ... ........... ..... 150. ,154 Interface, Transducer .... .................... . ........................ 107. 109 Inverters ..................... ................... . ............................. 43. 45 Isolated AC Switches... . .... ..... ...... . 124. 12,1. 130. 331 lamp Drivers ....... . limit Switch Inputs loading ................... . logic lab-K·Series logic Symbols . .......................................... . ......................... 144. 147 .................... 104. 107. 120 ................................ 11 ...................... 383 .......................... 18 M·Series Modules-inqu!re at nearest sales office Manual Controls. . ........ 91-101 Memories ............................................................... 70,-76, 315 Module Characteristics .. ~........ ..... ....... ........ .............. 162-167 Module Drawers ................................................................................ 244, 245 Module Extenders.................................... ............................. 257, 258 Module Summary....................................................................... ....... 162, 167 Monostable Multivibrator ............................................................................ 82 Motors, Servo ......................................... ................ ..... ........................... 328 Motor Starts ......... ................................... 124, 127, 130 . Motor, Stepper .............................................................................. 321-327 406 173, 177, 236 246, 388 Mounting Hardware Mounting Panel Frame Mounting Panels Multiplexer Digital Multiplexer, High Impedance Multiplexer, Positive Logic; Multiplexer, Constant Impedance Multiplier, Pulse Rate 179 52-54 187, 190, 192 184 196, 198, 200 52, 316, 317 40 NAND Nixies Noise (electrical) Nor Numerical Control Numerical Control Tape Preparation 94, 143 12 40 352 338 77, 80 Off-Delay On-Delay. One-Shot Operamn,el Amplifiers Output Converters Output Loading. 77 77, 82 202, 204 124, 127, 130, 148 11 Panel, Control . Patch Cords PDP-14/ PDP-14L Photocell Inputs. Pneumatic Valve Drivers Power Supplies Power Transformers Pulse Amplifiers Pulse Generators Pulsers Programmable Controller Programmable Divider 384 385 360 107, 113 133-142 159, 230 168 77,82 84, 300 84 360 62 Quadrature Decoders Quickpoint 114, 301 ·338 52-54, 316, 317 5"9, 63 220 268-285 124, 127, 130, 133-142 70, 72 Rate Multiplier Real-time Clock Reference Supplies. Relay to K Series Conversion Relay Drivers Retentive Memory 208, 210 103 107-113, 303, 306 286-292 328 293 55, 58, 68, 324-326 Sample and Hold Schmitt Triggers Sensor Converters Sequencers. Servo Motors Stepoint Control ,Shift Registers . 407 INDEX ....................... 324 Shift Registers, Bi-directional . Slave Regulator Slowdown, Module Source and Supply Modules Starters, Motor Stepper Motors Switches and Filters ................. 160 ................. 14,35 155, 157 124, 127, 130 321-327 95, 120 ........ 11 .......... 171 Temperature Requirements Terminals Thermistor lnputs Thumbwheel Swit€hes Timer Controls . Timers Timing Requirements Training and Design Aides . Transducer Interfaces Trimpots . 107~113 96, 98, 313 84, 100, 180 77-81 12, 294 '" .............. 382 107-113 .. .. .. ...... 107-113 133, 142 ........... 400 Valve Drivers Warranty Wire Wired AND Wire-wrap Wiring Accessories 240, 242 .... 15,41 ........ 233 240,244 408 FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 33 MAYNARD, MASS. BUSINESS REPLY MAil NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAilED IN THE UNITED STATES Postage will be paid by: DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION DEPT. A. MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS 01754 (staple- here) i READER SURVEY AND INFORMATION REQUEST We want to assure that future editions of this handbook and other information we prepare for you is as useful and informative as possible. We ask your assistance by completing and mailing this card to us. You may use this card also to request additional information. Thank you for your interest in DEC. Your primary job function IS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Your firm's principle product is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Did you get this book as a result of: D Attending a trade show? Which one? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ o Advertising inquiry? 0 Editorial inquiry? Which publication? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ D From another person? Have you ever used a previous edition of the Control Handbook? DYes 0 No Logic Handbook? DYes D No In this Control Handbook, did you read: Introduction? 0 Application Section? 0 Hardware Description? D Control Products Description? 0 Company Information? o Did you find the material: D Too difficult? D Understandable? 0 Too basic? 0 Useful? - - - - - - - - - - - - (please fold here) - - - - - - - - - - - - - What application do you or might you have for solid state control? If you would like additional information on any DEC product please check the appropriate items: Control Products: Computer Products: o Logic Modules o PDP-8/E o PDP-14 PDP-l1 D Quickpoint-8 o PDP-I5 PDP-IO D DNC Other __________ PDP-12 Other ______________ o o o o PLEASE CHECK HERE IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO BE PLACED ON OUR CONTROL PRODUCTS MAILING LIST. Name Title Company Division Street City State Zip I l DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION mamaomo WORLD-WIDE SALES AND SERVICE MAIN OFFICE AND PLANT , .. M.'n Sueet. Maynard. MauachuseUs. U.S.A. 01154 • re/ephon,: From Metropolitan Boslon: 846-8600· EIHW"".: ("7)-1t7-51" UNITED STATES NOIITHEAST MID.ATLANTIC - IIfGIONAL OFFICE ,. Lunda Street. W.ttham, M....chu•• tt.02154 Toleph_, (l17}881-1030 TW't 111).324-0819 WALTHAM 15 lurid. Str.et. W.,tham. M••••chu••tt. 02154 To'opllo. . , (117)-8111-41310/8315 TWX, 711).324-0919 CAMSIIIOGE/BOSTON _ Main Street, Cembt'ldgta. Mellachua.ttl 02139 T.,.",,_, (817)-<491-t130 TWX, 111).321).1167 HUNTSVILLE Suite 41 - HolidlY Offlce Center 3322 Memorial Parkway S.W,. Huntaville. Ala. 35801 Tolophone, (205)-981-7730 TWX,811).126-2122 DAYTON 3101 K.tterlng Blvd .• Dayton. OhiO 45438 Tolophone, (513}-211IP371 TWX, 810-458-1178 ORLANDO Suite 232. 11990 Loko Ellenor Drl.e. Orlendo. Fl •. 32809 Tolophone, (305)-95I-44&l TWX, 810-850-Ci180 885S North Stemmonl Freeway. Suite 204 ATlANTA HOUSTON 34t7 Milam Stre.t. Suite A. HOUlton. T•••• 17002 Telophono, (713}-524-2981 TWX, 910-IIII1·1851 ROCHESTER 130 AUenl Creek Road. Rochetter, New York 14618 T••• pIIo.. , (118)-481-1100 TWX, 711).599-3211 CONNECTICUT , Prellige Drive. Meriden, Connecticut 08450 Te'"",_, (203)-237-8441 MID·ATLANTIC - TWX, 711).481-oos.! SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE, U.S. Rout. I, Princeton, New l.rHY 08540 T.,.",,-, (1IOII~-9150 TWX, 510-e85-2338 NEW YORK lIS Ceder lane. Englewood. New J.raey 07631 T.Ie""-, (201}-071_. (212}-~. (212)·736-04-17 TWX,110-991-9721 NEW JERSEY SOUTHEAST (COnL) Suite 118, 1700 Commerce Drive, N.W. Atl,nta. Georgia 30318 Tolophone, (404)-351-2622 TWX, 811).751-3251 KNOXVILLE 5731 Lyon. Vi.w Pike. S W., Kno:ll.vllle. Tenn. 37919 Telephono, (615)-588-8511 TWX, 811).5IB0123 CENTRAL CENTRAL (COnL) DALLAS Oall,., Texea 75247 Tolophone. (214}-638-3II6t) TWX, 810-IIII1-4000 WEST REGIONAl OFFICE Sen AntoniO Rued. Palo Alto. Californl.94308 rolo""onl, (415)-326-S640 TWX, 811).313-12118 sao ANAHEIM REGIONAL OFFICE' 1850 frontage Road. Northbrook. IIlInola 80082 Tolephone, (312}-498-2580 TWX, 81~ 80' E. Ball Road. Anaheim. Callfornll 92805 PITTSBURGH 400 Penn Cenler Boulevard Pittsburgh. Penn8ylvania 15235 Tolephone, (412}-243-35OD TWX, 711).797-3657 WEST LOS ANGELES 2002 Cotner Avenue. Loa Angel ••. Callfornll 10025 Tolophone, (213}-479-3791 TWX 811).342_ CHICAGO 1850 Frontage Road. Northbrook. IIlInoia 8IXI82 relephone: (312).498-2500 TWX: 91~ ANN ARBOR 230 Huron View Boulev.rd. Ann Arbor. Michigan 48103 Tolophone, (313)-761·1150 TWX, 611).~ Tolephone. (114}716-8932 or (213)-82S-711119 TWX, 811).591-1189 SAN FRANCISCO S60 San Antonio Roed. Palo Alto. California 9(DJ Tolephone' (415}326-S640 TWX, 810-373-1. OAKLAND Dlgita' Equipment Corporation 7850 Edgewater Drive Oaidand. California 94821 rolephone' (415)-835.5453. (415)-835.7830 TWX. 911).366-7238 I . Route 48. Parol_ny. New I".ey OlO54 T.,,,,,,-, (201}-_3300 TWX, 710-987-11319 PRINCETON Route One end Emmons Orl"•. Princeton, New Jefley 08S40 T.,..",o"" (IIlII}-452-2940 TWX, 511).685-2337 LONG ISLAND 1119 Mlddlo Country Roed c.m.reoch. L.I .• Now York 117211 T.,.",,_, (518}-58S-5410 TWX, 511).22U505 PHILADELPHIA 1100 We .. Valley Road. Wayne. Penneylven •• 19087 Tolopllo. . , (215)-987-1«15 TWX, 51~1 WASHINGTON E_utl.o Building 7100 Beltlmoro Avo .• Collego Pork. M.rylond 20140 T.'e""-, (J01}-779-IIOD TWX, 110-926-_ DURHAM/CHAPEL /tILL 2lO4 Ch_' Hili Boule.OI'd Durtlom. Notth Corollnl 27707 Telop/lono, (819}-&3347 TWX, 511).92H1912 ST. LOUIS Sulta 110. 115 Progre'8 Pky .. Maryland Helghta, Mi •• ourl 63043 Teloph""o (314)-872-7520 TWX, 811).764-01131 CANADA GERMANY (cont.) SWITZERLAND MUNICH 8000 Muenchen 19. L.onrod.tr.... 58 T.I.pho"e: 51630 54 Telex: 52G26 HANOVER Dlgilal Equipment Corporation GmBH 3 Hanover. Podblel.klatra.H 102 Telephone 0511--697-095 Telex: 922952 Digital Equipment Corporation S."'. GENEVA 81 Route De L·A.re 1227 C .... oug. I Oeneva. Switzerland Tel.phone: 42 79 50 T.I.x: 22 883 INDIANAPOLIS 21 Beechway Drive - Suite G Indl.napoli •. Ind.. na 48224 Telophone, (317}-243-8341 TWX, 811).34t-3436 MINNEAPOLIS 15018 Minnetonka Indult,lal Road Minnetonka. Minna.ota S5343 Tolephone, (612}-935-1744 TWX,911).576·2618 CLEVELAND Pari< HIli Bldg .. 35104 Euclid Ave W,lIoughby. Ohio _ Tolephono (216}-946-1I484 TWX 811).427-2806 ALBUQUERQUE b3 Indian School Road. N.E Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 Tolophono (505)·2811-5411 TWX, 911)._,. DENVER 2315 South Colorado Blvd., Suite #5 Denver, Colorado 80222 Telophone, 303-757-3332 TWX, 911).931-2650 SEATTLE 1521 130th N.E .. Bell.vue. Wa.hlngton S8)04 Telephone' (208}-_ TWX, 910-443-2308 SALT LAKE CITY 431 South Jrd Eo.t. Soil LIke City. Utah 841" Telephone, (801}-32JI.9838 TWX, 911).925-51134 INTERNATIONAL OIgl..1 Equl_nt 01 Conedo. ltd. CANADIAN HEADQUARTERS 150 Aournond Street, Carleton Piece. Ontario T•••",,-, (l13}-257-aI5 TWX, 811).581-1651 OTTAWA , . Hollind Str••t. Ottawa 3. Ontario T.Ieph.... , (813)-725-2193 TWX, 811).582-8907 ENGLAND TORONTO 2:!D LekooIIoro Rood E••t. Port Credit. Ontorlo T•••",,-, (,'8)-27UII I TWX, 610-4112-4306 MONTREAL 1175 COlo do LI .... Rood 0 .....,. Quebec. Conodo 7S) T.,opllone, 514-l13li-9393 TWX, 01(1-422-4124 EDMONTON _-103 Stroot Edmonton. Albena. Clnada T.I.""OIIO' (403)-434-9333 TWX, 811).831-2248 VANCotNER 01 ..... Equipment 01 Conodo. LId 22'0 We. 12th Aven,,' Vencower. Brltl.h Col"mbla. Canede T.Iop/Iono, (104)-736-5818 EUROP£AN HEADQUARTERS D"ltel Equtpment Corporation Internatlonel-Europe 81 lIouto Do L·AI,. .227 Cerouge I Geneva. Swltzerlend T.I~, 42 79 50 Tol", 2211113 Dlgltol Equipment Co. lid. READING Arkwright Road, Reading. Berkahlre. England Telex: 84327 Telephone: Reading 85131 MANCHESTER «5 Upper PreCinct, Wo,..tey Manche.ter. England m28 Saz relephone: OfSl·7IO-8411 Telex' 688686 LONDON Bilton HOUle. Uxbridge Road, Eallng. London W.5 Telephone: 01·579-2781 Telex: 22371 FRANCE Equipment Dlgllal S.A.R.L PARIS 233 Rue de Charenton. Pari. 12, France Tolophone, 344-~7 T.lo" 21339 BENELUX Dlglte' Equipment N.V. (IfI'rvlng Belgium, luxembourg. end The Netherlendl) THE HAGUE Konlnolnnegfecl\t $S, Tke Hagua. Netherland. Telephone: 635880 Telex. 32533 GERMANY SWEDEN Olglte' Equipment GmbH Digital Equipment Aktlebolag STOCKHOLM , Vretenvagen 2. S·171 54 Solna. Sweden Telex: 170 50 Telephon •. 0198 1390 Coblo, Dlglt.1 Stockholm COLOGNE 5 Koeln, Bllm8rckltr•••• 7. W.at aermany Tolepllone, 52 21 81 Tolo" _2269 T.,...... , Flip Chip Koeln ITALY Dlgita' Equipment S. p. A MILAN Coroo Gorlboldl. 411. 20121 Mllono. It..y Telephone, 872 748. 872 894. 872 394 Tole" 331115 AUSTRALIA 019"01 Equipment Auotroll. Ply. Ltd. SYDNEY 75 Ale.ander St.. Crow. Ne.t, N.S.W. 2015. Au,'r.lI. Telephone: 439-2588 Tete:ll.: 20740 Cable: Digital. Sydney MELBOURNE 60 Park Street. South Melbourne. Victoria. 320S Telephone: 89-8142 Tele:ll.: 30'700 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 843 Murray Str••t Weat Perth. Weatern Aua.ral. fJOO5 Telephon.· 21-4993 Telex: 92140 BRISBANE 139 Merlvale Street. South Btl,bene Queen.land. Auatralla 4101 Telephone: 44047 Telex: 40818 JAPAN TOKYO Rlkol Trodlng Co .• ltd. (••,. . only) Kozato·Kalkan Bldg No. 18-14. Nlehlahlmbeehl l-chome Minato-Ku. Tokyo. Japln Telephone' 5915248 Tele.: 781420) Olglta' Equipment Corporillon 'ntemetlOftliI Kowa Building No. 17, Second Floor 2·7 Niahl·Azabu l-Chome Mlhato·Ku. Tokyo. Japan rel.""one, _ _ /8 T.I •• , TK-e4211
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