GEM_3_Desktop_Installation_Nov87 GEM 3 Desktop Installation Nov87
GEM_3_Desktop_Installation_Nov87 GEM_3_Desktop_Installation_Nov87
User Manual: GEM_3_Desktop_Installation_Nov87
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Installation Guide, User's Guide
and Fontware™Installation Guide
[!Q]
DIGITAL RESEARCH'
GEM!3
Installation Guide
[!ill DIGITAL
RESEARCH~
COPYRIGHT
Copyright© 1987 Digital Research Inc. All rights reseNed. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
Digital Research Inc., 70 Garden Court, P.O. Box DRI, Monterey, California 93942.
DISCLAIMER
DIGITAL RESEARCH INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Further, Digital Research Inc. reseNes the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Digital Research Inc. to
notify any person of such revision or changes.
NOTICE TO USER
This manual should not be construed as any representation or warranty with respect to the
software named herein. Occasionally changes or variations exist in the software that are
not reflected in the manual. Generally, if such changes or variations are known to exist
and to affect the product significantly, a release note or READ. ME file accompanies the
manual and distribution disk(s). In that event, be sure to read the release note or READ.ME
file before using the product.
TRADEMARKS
Digital Research, its logo, and GEM are registered trademarks, and GEM/3, GEM Desktop,
GEM 1st Word Plus, and GEM Desktop Publisher are trademarks of Digital Research Inc.
Postscript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Apple is a registered
trademark, and LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
AT&T is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph. Epson is a
registered trademark of Epson America, Inc. Hercules Graphics Card is a trademark of
Hercules Computer Technology. Hewlett-Packard is a registered trademark, and LaserJet, LaserJet Plus, and LaserJet II are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Corp. IBM is a
registered trademark and CGA, VGA, EGA, and Personal System/2, are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Logimouse is a registered trademark of
Logitech, Inc. The GENIUS is a registered trademark of Micro Display Systems, Inc.
Microsoft is a registered trademark of MicroSoft Corporation. Mouse Systems and PC
Mouse are trademarks of Mouse Systems Corp. Quadram is a registered trademark and
Quadram Prosync is a trademark of Quadram Corporation. Summamouse, SummaSketch,
and Summagraphics are trademarks of Summagraphics Corp. Manager Mouse is a
registered trademark of The Torrington Company. Toshiba is a registered trademark of
Toshiba Corporation. Ventura Publisher is a trademark of Ventura Software, Inc. Wyse is
a registered trademark of Wyse Technology, Inc. Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox
Corporation. Other names are registered trademarks, trademarks, or tradenames of their
respective owners.
First Edition: November, 1987
Foreword
Welcome to GEM Setup. This easy-to-use installation program
prepares or sets up the GEM® Desktop software application to work
with your particular hardware. It does so by asking which types of
devices (graphics card, mouse, printer, etc.) are attached to your computer. Then it creates special directories on your hard disk or floppy
disk, and copies the GEM®/3 system files and hardware-specific files
into these directories.
TM
TM
The entire installation process takes only minutes. When you are done,
you will be able to use desktop publishing, drawing, painting, and many
other graphics-based programs formerly unavailable to DOS users.
How to Use this Guide
For quick installation instructions, see "Starting GEM Setup" in
Chapter 2.
If you are unfamiliar with GEM, you should read "Conventions" in this
Foreword and Chapter 1 before starting GEM Setup.
If you are upgrading from an earlier version of the GEM Desktop, see
"GEM/3 Features" in this Foreword and "Upgrading to GEM/3" in
Chapter 1.
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Foreword
• Chapter 1 acquaints you with the GEM Desktop package and explains
how to prepare to run GEM Setup.
• Chapter 2 takes you step-by-step through the GEM Setup program and
describes the directories and files created as a result of installation. It
also tells you how to start the GEM Desktop and set up the commands
to start it automatically every time you boot your computer.
• Chapter 3 explains how to change your hardware setup once you've installed the GEM Desktop on your computer. It provides instructions
for installing, removing, and changing printers, plotters, scanners, and
cameras.
• Chapter 4 presents the generic procedure for installing other GEM
software applications from Digital Research ®.
• Chapter 5 contains basic troubleshooting information. It lists commonly asked questions and common problems and provides some answers.
• Appendix A lists the hardware and software that can be used with the
GEM Desktop and contains the GEM/3 system requirements.
Conventions
This guide uses the conventions and terminology presented below.
Examples
• Examples pertaining to hard disk systems assume that they have at
least one hard disk drive, drive C.
• Information you must enter on your keyboard is displayed in the
typeface shown below. The characters you type are shown in upper
case, although you can use either upper or lower C(,lse.
USER INPUT
.J
The .J symbol means press the ENTER or RETURN key.
• GEM Setup screen examples use
ii
V to indicate items being selected.
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Foreword
Terminology
The tenn high-density disk means a floppy diskette containing 720K bytes
or more of space. It refers to both 5.25" and 3.5" floppy disks.
Double-density disk means a floppy disk containing 360K bytes of space.
Mouse is used generically to refer to a pointing device attached to your
computer.
GEM/3 Features
In response to customer requests, this release of GEM system software
provides enhancements in the following areas:
• installation
• GEM Output
• fonts
• printers
Installation
The installation program is easier to use and provides more options.
GEM Setup combines the functions of the GEM 2.x GEM1>REP and GEM
Setup programs. It handles both first-time installation and subsequent
changes.
GEM Output
The GEM Output application program offers a new interface as well as
new functions. It also implements new printer functions supported by
GEM Desktop, and organizes the menu entries in a more understandable
fonn.
iii
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Foreword
Fonts
Many additional fonts and font sizes are now available.
Printers
Added printer functions include:
Graphics Mode
•
•
•
•
•
more native printer functions
mUltiple page sizes and paper tray options
manual feed selection
use of resident graphics fonts
use of downloadable fonts
Text Mode
• more text attributes (superscript, subscript, light text, italics)
• proportional, c~ndensed, and expanded spacing
• elite and pica typefaces
Ventura Compatibility
You can now run Xerox® Ventura PublisherTM Edition 1.1 from the GEM
Desktop. Devices installed under GEM/3 also work with this version of
Ventura Publisher.
iv
Contents
1 BEFORE YOU BEGIN
What's in this Package . . . .
Backing Up Your Master Disks .
Information You'll Need . . . .
About Communications Ports ..
Upgrading to GEM/3. . . . . . . .
2
INSTALLATION
Starting GEM Setup . . . . . . .
Installing onto a Hard Disk .
Installing onto Floppy Disks. . .
Installation Res4lts . . . . . . .
Hard Disk, High-Density Disk, and 3.5" Floppy Disk ..
Dual Floppy Disks . . . . . . .
Starting the GEM Desktop ..
Starting from Hard Disk. . . .
Starting from Floppy Disks . .
GEM Desktop Screen Components .
Starting the GEM Desktop Automatically: Hard Disk . .
3
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-3
1-5
2-2
2-3
2-6
2-9
2-9
· .
·
·
·
·
· .
2-10
2-11
2-11
2-11
2-12
2-13
CHANGING YOUR HARDWARE
Choosing the Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing MUltiple Devices on Floppy Disks.. . . ..
5.25" Floppy Disks . . .
3.5" Floppy Disks .. . .
Installing from Driver Packs
What Is a Driver? . . .
Installation Procedure .
Removing Devices . . . . .
Changing Your Setup. . .
Changing Setups on Multiple Hard Disks . . . . . . .
3-2
3-4
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-9
· 3-10
3-11
· . 3-11
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Contents
4 INSTALLING GEM APPLICATIONS
. . . . . . . . . .. 4-2
Running INSTALL.APP . . . .
5 TROUBLESHOOTING
Questions Commonly Asked .
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resolving Problems . . . . . .
5-1
5-2
5-3
A SYSTEM INFORMATION
Computer . . . . . . . . . .
Operating System . . . .
Memory . . . . . . . .
Monochrome Graphics.
Color Graphics. . . . . . . . . .
Printer . . .
Mouse . . . .
Driver Packs
vi
A-1
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-3
A-3
A-4
Chapter 1
Before You Begin
B
efore you install the GEM Desktop onto your computer system, you
need to:
• check the contents of your GEM Desktop package to ensure that it is
complete
• back up the GEM Desktop product disks (using the DOS
DISKCOPY command)
• gather the information required by the installation program
GEM Setup
This chapter explains these steps.
If you are upgrading from an earlier version of GEM, be sure to read
"Upgrading to GEM/3" later in this chapter.
What's In this Package
GEM/3 Installation Guide
What's In this Package
Check to ensure that your GEM/3 Desktop package contains the
following:
• Master disk set
• User's Guide
• End-user software license agreement
• End-user software registration card
Backing Up Your Master Disks
Before installing the GEM Desktop, make backup copies of the master
disks and store the originals in a safe place. You'll use the copies to run
the installation program, GEM Setup.
Note: You must use the DOS DISKCOPY command to make backup
disks. Consult your operating system documentation for instructions.
1-2
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Information You'll Need
Information You'll Need
The form on the following page lists the information that GEM Setup
requires. You can collect this information and enter it in the spaces
provided before you start GEM Setup. When you are done, you'll be
prepared to complete the installation procedure quickly and easily.
About Communications Ports
If you are using a printer, a non-bus mouse, or other peripheral device, it
is physically attached to a communications port located at the back of
your computer. GEM Setup asks you to identify the communications
port to which each device is attached.
There are two types of communications port: serial and parallel. The
port you attach a device to depends on the device itself. If you do not
know which port you need to use, consult the associated documentation
or contact your computer dealer or a systems specialist. Note, however,
that if you make an error in GEM Setup, the device affected will not function. This will not harm your system, and you can correct the error by
rerunning GEM Setup.
1-3
Information You'll Need
GEM/3 Installation Guide
System Information Sheet
1. Graphics card/display:
2.
Mouse/graphics tablet (if any):
3. Mouse communications port:
#1(COM1)
#2(COM2)
4. Printer 1:
5.
Printer serial port:
#1(COM1)
#2(COM2)
#3(COM3)
Parallel port:
#1 (LPT1)
#2(LPT2)
#3(LPT3)
Printer serial port:
#1(COM1)
#2(COM2)
#3(COM3)
Parallel port:
#1 (LPT1)
#2(LPT2)
#3(LPT3)
#1(COM1)
#2(COM2)
#3(COM3)
#1(COM1)
#2(COM2)
#3(COM3)
Printer 2:
6. Plotter:
Plotter serial port:
7. Camera:
Camera serial port:
8. Scanner:
1-4
Input/output port address:
200
220
300
Other
Transfer port address:
200
220
300
Other
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Upgrading to GEM/3
'Upgrading to GEM/3
In GEM/3, all GEM directories are placed within a directory called
GEMAPPS, shown below:
GEM/3 Directories
GEM.BAT
FONTS
*
Used by GEM® Desktop Publisher"· and GEM® 1st Word Plus T..
1-5
GEM/.3 Installation Guide
Upgrading to GEM/3
If you have GEM 2.x (versions from 2.0 to 2.2) installed on your system,
your GEM directories (folders) are located at the root level and organized
as follows:
GEM 2.x Directories
GEM.BAT
GEMSCRAP*
*Used by GEM Desktop Publisher
When you install GEM/3, your GEM 2.x directories remain intact. Documents you created with GEM 2.x can be read and edited with GEM/3 application programs. To avoid confusing GEM/3 directories with GEM 2.x .
directories, you should delete the directories indicated in this illustration
before installing GEM/3.
1-6
Chapter 2
Installation
T
his chapter takes you step-by-step through the GEM Setup installation procedures for both hard disk systems and dual floppy disk systems. It describes the results of installation on your system, and
explains how to start the GEM Desktop. The chapter ends with a section
explaining how to set the commands needed to open the GEM Desktop
automatically whenever you start up your computer.
Note: If you make a mistake during GEM Setup, this will not harm your
system. You can correct it by rerunning GEM Setup, which you can run
as many times as you need.
GEW3 Installation Guide
Starting GEM Setup
Starting GEM Setup
If you intend to run the GEM Desktop from floppy disks, you need two
blank, formatted double-density (360K) disks or one blank formatted
high-density (720K) disk. Your computer must be equipped with a highdensity disk drive to use high-density disks. If you are unsure about the
type of disk drive or other hardware you have, refer to your hardware
documentation or consult a systems specialist.
To run GEM Setup, follow these steps:
1. Start your computer to DOS.
2. Insert the disk labeled GEM SYSTEM MASTER into drive A.
3. Logon to drive A (floppy disk drive). The A:\ prompt is displayed.
4. Type this command:
-l
This starts GEM Setup. The first GEM Setup Screen you see looks
similar to the illustration below:
GEMSETUP
[ITI] Digital Research Inc.
GEM Setup R 3.0
Welcome to GEM Setupl
This program installs GEM/3 onto your computer. Do you want to install GEM/3
for the first time or change an existing G~M/3 installation?
[V1
INSTALL NEW CONFIGURATION
[]
CHANGE EXISTING CONFIGURATION
....:::...:::.:.::.:.:.:.»>:-:.:-:::.::.::::
2-2
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Starting GEM Setup
The y'symbol , which blinks on your screen, indicates the item being
selected. On some display monitors, this symbol appears as a box or
triangle.
Select INSTALL NEW CONFIGURATION and follow the instructions
through the end of the program. The instructions differ, depending on
whether you are installing GEM/3 onto a hard disk or onto floppy disks.
These instructions are explained below. In either case, you will be asked
to provide the information outlined on the System Information Sheet in
Chapter 1.
Installing onto a Hard Disk
Follow the steps below to install GEM/3 onto your hard disk.
You have just selected INSTALL NEW CONFIGURATION. If your system
has more than one hard disk, GEM Setup asks you to specify the one
onto which you want to install GEM/3. Otherwise, you see the following:
From the list below, select the graphics card and display Installed In your system.
AT&T DEB Card /16-Color Display (640x400)
AT&T Monochrome Card (640x400)
Hercules Card / Monochrome PC Display (720x348)
IBM CGA / Color Display (640x200) - Mono Mode
IBM EGA /Monochrome Display (640x350)
[y'] IBM Enhanced Card & Enhanced 16-Color Display (640x350)
[ ] IBM 16 -Color VGA for PS/2 (640x480) or Compatible
[ ] IBM VGA Monochrome for the PS/2 (640x480) or Compatible
[] MDS THE GENIUS Monitor / THE GENIUS Monitor Card (728x1008)
[ ] Video 7 Vega Deluxe / Quadram Prosync 16-Color Display (640x480)
[] Video 7 Vega Deluxe / Quadram Prosync 16-Color Display (752x41 0)
[] Wyse/Amdek Monochrome Graphics Display (1280x800)
[ ] OTHER (Driver Pack)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Press [F1] for device Info,
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose.
2-3
Starting GEM Setup
GEM/3 Installation Guide
1. Choose the graphics card/display type installed on your computer. If
your display is compatible with any of the devices listed, choose the
entry for the compatible device. If you are installing from a driver
pack disk, choose OTHER and select your device from the list displayed.
For more information about driver packs available from Digital
Research, see the Driver Pack Information Sheet supplied with this
package.
Note: The devices listed on your screen may differ from the ones
shown in the preceding illustration.
Next you see:
Select the mouse or tablet you are using from the list below.
[v] No Mouse
[ ] Bus Mouse ( Requires file MOUSE.COM )
[ ] IBM Personal System/2 Mouse
[ ] Microsoft Serial Mouse ( RS232 )
[ ] Mouse Systems PC Mouse / Summa Mouse I Compatibles
[ ] SummaSketch 961 cursor-type tablet
[ ] SummaSketch 961 stylus-type tablet
[ ] SummaSketch 1201 cursor-type tablet
[ ] SummaSketch 1201 stylus-type tablet
[ ] Summagraphics MM1812 cursor-type tablet
[ ] Summagraphics MM1812 stylus-type tablet
Press [F1] for device Info,
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose.
2. Identify your mouse as you did your graphics card/display. If you are
unable to determine the type of mouse you are using, chances are you
are using a generic serial mouse. In this case, choose the fifth
option:
Mouse Systems PC Mouse / SummaMouse / Compatibles
2-4
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Starting GEM Setup
GEM Setup displays:
Select a communications port for your mouse or tablet:
[V] Communications port #1 (COM1)
[ ] Communications port #2 (COM2)
Press
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose, [ESC] to exit/cancel.
3. Choose your mouse communications port. Read "Specifying Communications Ports" in Chapter 1 for information about communications ports.
Note: If you have a bus mouse, you need to install it according to
the manufacturer's instructions and copy the file MOUSE.COM onto
the root directory of your hard disk. You will find this file either on
the disk supplied with your mouse or on your DOS boot disk.
You must run MOUSE.COM before starting the GEM Desktop. You
can run it from within your AUTOEXEC.BAT file (See "Starting the
GEM Desktop Automatically" later in this chapter.)
After you choose your mouse port, GEM Setup displays your hardware
setup. It looks like the following example:
Your current setup Is:
IBM Enhanced Card & 16-Color Display (640x350)
Mouse Systems PC Mouse / SummaMouse / Compatibles
Communications port #1 (COM1)
Would you like to:
[V] CONTINUE
[]
SAVE AND EXIT FROM GEM SETUP
Press
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose, [ESC] to exit/cancel.
2-5
Starting GEM Setup
GEW3 Installation Guide
If you wish to install GEM/3 software for another device such as a
printer, choose CONTINUE - see Chapter 3 for installation instructions.
If you do not intend to use an output device, you should now check to
see that installation was successful. Installation results are explained
later in this chapter.
Installing onto Floppy Disks
You have just selected INSTALL NEW CONFIGURATION. The following alert (reminder or warning) is displayed:
To continue, you will need to have TWO empty formatted disks ready. If you
need to clean off or format a disk, you must exit GEM Setup and return to DOS
to do so.
[v] EXIT TO DOS
[ ] CONTINUE
This alert is displayed if you are using double-density disks. If you are
using a high-density or 3.5" disk, you need only one empty disk.
1. Choose CONTINUE unless you need to exit GEM Setup to prepare
your disk(s).
Next, GEM Setup instructs you to label your GEM STARTUP and GEM
DESKTOP disks (GEM DESKTOP only if 3.5"disk) and set them aside.
When you complete these instructions, you see a list of graphics
cards/ displays (shown on page 2-3).
2. Choose the graphics card/display type installed on your computer. If
your display is compatible with any of the display monitors listed,
choose the entry for the compatible display. If you are installing from
a driver pack disk, choose OTHER and select your device from those
listed.
For more information about the driver packs available from Digital
Research, see the GEM/3 Driver Pack Information Sheet supplied
with this package.
GEM Setup displays a list of mice and graphics tablets (see page 2-4).
2-6
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Starting GEM Setup
3. Choose your mouse as you did your graphics card/display monitor. If
you are unable to determine the type of mouse you are using, chances
are you are using a generic serial mouse. In this case, select the fifth
option:
Mouse Systems PC Mouse / SummaMouse / Compatibles
When you choose your mouse,GEM Setup lists communications ports
COMl and COM2 (shown on page 2-5).
4. Choose your mouse communications port. See "Specifying Communications Ports" in Chapter 1 for information about communications ports.
Note: If you have a bus mouse, you need to install it according to
the mouse manufacturer's instructions and copy the file MOUSE.COM
onto your DOS boot disk. You will find this file either on the disk
supplied with your mouse or on your DOS boot disk.
You need to copy MOUSE.COM before starting the GEM Desktop.
MOUSE.COM can be executed from within your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
When you choose your mouse port, GEM Setup displays your current
hardware setup. Here's an example:
Your current setup Is:
IBM Enhanced Card & 16-Color Display (640x350)
Mouse Systems PC Mouse / SummaMouse / Compatibles
Communications port #1 (COM1)
Would you like to:
[V] CONTINUE
[]
SAVE AND EXIT FROM GEM SETUP
Press
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose, [ESC] to exit/cancel.
To install another device, such as a printer, choose CONTINUE (see
Chapter 3 for installation instructions).
2-7
Starting GEM Setup
GEM/3 Installation Guide
If you do not intend to use an output device, choose SAVE AND EXIT
FROM GEM SETUP. GEM Setup instructs you to insert your installation disks and copies the driver files onto your system. When it finishes
copying, installation is complete.
2-8
Installation Results
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installation Results
This section describes the directory structures and files that GEM Setup
creates, for both hard disk and floppy disk systems.
Hard Disk, High-Density Disk, and 3.5" Floppy Disk
GEM Setup creates a folder called GEMAPPS on the drive or disk you
specify. This directory contains all of the GEM Desktop files as well as
other GEM applications, as outlined below:
Directory
Files
Root
GEM.BAT
GEMAPPS
GEM Output files: OUTPUT.APP
and OUTPUT.RSC
GEMSYS
System files
Device Drivers
Desk accessories
FONTS
Font files
CLIPBRD
Used by GEM Desktop Publisher and
GEM 1st Word Plus
The GEM.BAT file created in your root directory contains the commands
that open the GEM Desktop from your DOS command line. The GEM/3
directories are illustrated on page 1-5.,
2-9
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installation Results
Dual Floppy Disks
During installation, you create two disks: GEM Startup and GEM
Desktop.
The following chart outlines the directories and files contained on each
disk:
GEM Startup Disk
Directory
Files
Root
GEM. BAT
GEMAPPS
- GEMSYS
System files
Device Drivers
Desk accessories
GEM Desktop Disk
Directory
Files
GEMAPPS
GEM Output files:
OUTPUT.APP and OUTPUT.RSC
System files
Device drivers
FONTS
Font files
CUPBRD
Used by GEM Desktop Publisher
and GEM 1st Word Plus
To ensure that installation was successful, you should start the GEM
Desktop. The procedure for this is explained next.
2 -10
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Starting the GEM Desktop
Starting the GEM Desktop
This section explains the procedure for starting the GEM Desktop for
both hard disk and floppy disk systems.
Starting from Hard Disk
Follow these steps to start the GEM Desktop:
1. Move to your hard disk drive.
2. Type this command to move to the root directory:
CD \
..J
3. Type:
GEM ..J
This executes the GEM.BAT file, which contains the commands that
start the GEM Desktop. The GEM Desktop screen, explained in the
following section, is displayed.
Starting from Floppy Disks
Follow these steps to start the GEM Desktop:
1. Start your computer to DOS.
2. Insert your GEM STARTUP disk (GEM DESKTOP, if 3.5" disk)into
drive A and logon to this drive.
3. When you see the A:\ prompt, type:
..J
4. As instructed, insert your GEM DESKTOP disk in drive A, close the
drive door, and press any key.
GEM
You see an hourglass icon on your screen indicating that your computer is busy retrieving the GEM Desktop.
The GEM Desktop screen, explained below, is displayed.
2 -11
Starting the GEA1 Desktop
GEM/3 Installation Guide
GEM Desktop Screen Components
The GEM Desktop screen represents graphically the data structures
within your operating system. When you start the GEM Desktop, the
screen looks similar to the following illustration, depending on your
hardware configuration and on the number of GEM applications you've
installed.
GEM Desktop Screen
EJ
N~w
Fold~r
EJ
CLIPBRD
EJ
FONTS
PUBl ISHR. APP
0
SCAN.INF
PUBL ISHR. INF
W
FlOr>r>V DISK
0
~
DRAH.APP
~
GRAPH.APP
~
OUTPUT .APP
RCS.APP
HORDCHRT. APP
~
RCS.DFN
DRAH.INF
OUTPUT.INF
0
DRAH.RSC
0
H(jRQPH .RSC
OUTPUT.RSC
PAINTH.RSC
tfd U D
PAINT .APP
EJ
PATTERNS
STANDARD. KVS PUBL ISHR.MSG
0
0
0
0
0
0
~
HARD DISK
Notice that the screen is divided into two sections called windows. The
top window is labeled C:\GEMAPPS\, which means that the folder
GEMAPPS is open and you have access to the folders within it.
The bottom window is labeled Disk Drives. It contains two or more
disk icons representing the disk drives on your system. In this example,
the window contains a floppy disk icon labeled A and a hard disk icon
labeled C.
2 - 12
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Starting the GEM Desktop
Folder icons represent both directories and subdirectories.
Refer to GEM Desktop User's Guide for a complete explanation of the GEM
Desktop screen components.
Starting the GEM Desktop Automatically: Hard Disk
If you are using a hard disk system, you can set commands that open the
GEM Desktop automatically every time you start your computer. To do
this, you need to create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file containing these commands.
The AUTOEXEC.BAT file is a batch file that your computer looks for
every time you tum it on or reboot the operating system. If it finds this
file, it completes the commands contained in the file before doing anything else. If you are using a bus mouse, you can execute the
MOUSE.COM program from within the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Note: Be sure to have completed GEM Setup before taking any of the
steps described below.
If You Aready Have AUTOEXEC.BAT
If you instqlled the GEM Desktop onto your hard disk and you already
have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file on that disk, you need to modify this file.
There are two ways to do this:
1. Use the DOS COPY command to merge the GEM. BAT file with your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
First, logon to your hard disk. When you see the system prompt
(such as C:\ or D:\), type the following commands:
CD \
..J
COPY AUTOEXEC.BAT + GEM.BAT ..J
2. Using a word processor or text editor, add the following command to
the end of your existing AUTOEXEC.BAT file:
GEM
Note: Be sure that a carriage return precedes the GEM command.
2 - 13
Starting the GEM Desktop
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Now whenever you start your computer or reboot the operating system,
the GEM Desktop will open automatically.
If You Don't Have AUTOEXEC.BAT
If you installed the GEM Desktop onto your hard disk, and you do not already have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file on that disk, do the following:
1. Logon to your hard disk.
2. Type the following commands when the system prompt (C:\ or D:\)
is displayed:
CD \ ..J
RENAME GEM.BAT
AUTOEXEC.BAT..J
Now whenever you start your computer or reboot the operating system,
the GEM Desktop will open automatically.
2 -14
Chapter 3
Changing Your Hardware
W
henever you add, remove, or change the hardware components
you are using, you need to change the device setup you created
with GEM Setup. This section explains how to:
• install printers
• install multiple devices on floppy disks
• install from driver packs
• remove devices from your setup
• change device types within your setup
The first step is to choose which operation you want to perform. Read
"Choosing the Operation" in the next section, then see the section in this
chapter that explains the operation.
For instructions on
See this section
adding a printer
"Installing Printers"
adding a plotter, camera, scanner, "Installing from Driver Packs"
screen, or display from a driver pack
changing device types within
your current setup
"Changing Your Setup"
removing devices from your setup
''Removing Devices"
Choosing the Operation
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Choosing the Operation
If you're not running GEM Setup, start it now. (If you do not remember
how, see Chapter 2, "Running GEM Setup.") The first GEM Setup
screen is displayed:
[IQ] Digital Research Inc.
GEM Setup R 3.0
Welcome to GEM Setupl
This program installs GEM/3 onto your computer. Do you want to install GEM/3 for
the first time or change an existing GEM/3 installation?
[]
INSTALL NEW CONFIGURATION
[V] CHANGE EXISTING CONFIGURATION
Select CHANGE EXISTING CONFIGURATION.
The screen displays your current setup and gives you the option to con.
tinue or exit the program.
Choose CONTINUE.
3-2
Choosing the Operation
GEW3 Installation Guide
GEM Setup displays:
Would you like to:
[y'] ADD A PRINTER
[]
ADD A PLOTTER
[]
[]
ADD A CAMERA
ADD A SCANNER
[]
[]
CHANGE YOUR CURRENT SETUP
REMOVE A DEVICE FROM YOUR SETUP
Press
t or ~
to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose, [ESC] to exit/cancel.
Select the operation you want to perform, then see the section in this
chapter that explains the operation, outlined on page 3-1.
3-3
Installing Printers
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing Printers
This section explains how to install printers for both hard disk and floppy disk systems.
If you have not already done so, read and follow the instructions in
"Choosing the Operation" in the preceding section.
Follow the steps below to add a printer to your setup. You have just
selected ADD A PRINTER. The screen displays:
Select the prlntertlhat you Intend to use from the list below.
[ ] Epson GQ-3500 Laser Printer ( 300 x 300 Dots/Inch)
[ ] Epson LQ Series Printers ( 180 x 180 Dots/Inch
[ ] Hewlett Packard Laserjet II Printer ( 300 x 300 Dots/Inch)
[ ] Hewlett Packard LaserJet+ (150 x 150 Dots/Inch)
[ ] IBM/Epson High Resolution Printers (120 x 144 Dots/Inch)
[ ] IBM Proprinter (120 x 144 Dots/Inch)
[V] LaserWrlter / Postscript Prln,ers
[ ] LaserWriter Plus / Postscript Printers
[ ] Toshiba Printer ( 180 x 180 Dots/Inch)
[ ] Xerox 4020 Color Ink Jet (120 x 240 Dots/Inch)
[] OTHER (Driver Pack)
Press [F1] for device Info,
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose.
1. Choose your printer. This example shows the entry to choose if you
are us~g a printer that uses the a Postscript@ driver, such as the
Apple LaserWriter™.
3-4
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing Printers
Next, you see:
Select a communications port for your printer:
[V]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Parallel port #1 (LPT1)
Parallel port #2 (LPT2)
Parallel port #3 (LPT3)
Communications port #1 (COM1)
Communications port #2 (COM2)
Press
t or ~ to move cursor, [ENTER] to choose, [ESC] to exit/cancel.
2. Choose a communications port for your printer. See "About Communications Ports" in Chapter 1 for further information.
GEM Setup displays your new setup.
If you want to make another change to your setup, select CONTINUE, then choose the operation you want to perform. To finish installation and exit GEM Setup, select SAVE AND EXIT FROM GEM
SETUP.
GEM Setup instructs you to insert one of your disks labeled GEM
PRINTER DISK into drive A. This disk contains the device driver and
font files for your printer.
3. Insert your printer driver disk into drive A. Press.J. You see a list of
files being copied onto your disk. If you are installing onto floppy
disks, GEM Setup instructs you to insert disks as needed.
When copying is completed, your printer is installed. GEM Setup concludes with instructions on starting the GEM Desktop.
3-5
Installing Multiple Devices on Floppy Disks
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing Multiple Devices on Floppy Disks
This section explains how to add more than one output device to your
setup. You can add:
•
•
•
•
printers
plotters
scanners
cameras
5.25" Floppy Disks
When you install GEM/3 onto 5.25" floppy disks, you create a disk
labeled GEM STARTUP and another labeled GEM DESKTOP. The GEM
STARTUP disk contains the files that execute GEM/3. The GEM
DESKTOP disk contains the printer and other device-related files. Since
floppy disk space is limited, to install more than one device, you need to
create as many GEM DESKTOP disks as there are devices attached to
your computer. Here's how:
1. Format as many disks as you'll need. Label each "Desktop Disk" and
add the name of the device.
2. If you have not already done so, run GEM Setup as a new installation
and install the first device. (See Chapter 2, "Installing onto Floppy
Disk Systems." ) Put the first Desktop Disk you create aside.
3. Restart GEM Setup. When you see the first GEM Setup screen (see
page 3-2), choose CHANGE EXISTING CONFIGURATION. When
prompted to insert your GEM STARTUP disk, insert the one you
created originally.
GEM Setup displays your current setup and gives you the option to
continue or exit the program.
4. Choose CONTINUE.
Next, you see a list of options (illustrated on page 3-3). You can
choose any of the first four. Let's assume you select ADD A
PRINTER.
3-6
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing Multiple Devices on Floppy Disks
5. The screen displays a list of printers (see page 3-3). Choose your
second printer.
6. GEM Setup displays a list of communications ports. Choose the one
you intend to use.
GEM Setup displays your new setup, which lists both printers you've
installed.
7. Choose SAVE AND EXIT FROM GEM SETUP.
8. When prompted to insert your GEM DESKTOP disk, insert the new
one.
Repeat steps 3 through 8 for each additional device, using a new GEM
DESKTOP disk each time.
3.5" Floppy Disks
Before attempting to add a device to your setup, check the amount of
available disk space on your GEM DESKTOP disk. Most likely, there is
enough disk space to add a second device to your setup, although the
amount of space required varies for different devices.
To install a second device, rerun GEM Setup and follow steps 3 through
8 of the preceding section, only using the same GEM DESKTOP disk you
created originally.
If, when GEM Setup displays your new setup, the second output device is
not listed, prepare a separate GEM DESKTOP disk, rerun GEM Setup, and
install the device as a new installation.
3-7
Installing from Driver Packs
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing from Driver Packs
This section explains how to install devices from driver packs. The procedure is the same for all of the following devices:
• display monitors
• printers
• plotters
• scanners
• cameras
Notes:
1. If you are installing a plotter, ensure that it is configured to the following settings before running GEM Setup:
- 9600 baud
- No parity
- 8 data bits
2. If you are installing a scanner, you may be asked for one or more of
the following:
- input!output port address
- transfer address
- .COM file (DOS command file)
If this information is required, refer to your scanner hardware
documentation or contact your scanner dealer.
What Is a Driver?
When you install a device, you are actually installing a device driver - a
software program which enables an application program to use a device
(printer, plotter, screen, etc.). When you install device drivers for GEM,
you are providing the GEM software with the means to identify and use
the devices you are installing.
3-8
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Installing from Driver Packs
GEM is supplied with a certain number of standard device drivers. Since
drivers can take up large segments of memory and disk space, not all
devices can be supplied as part of the standard GEM Desktop package.
Many drivers are available on disks called driver packs, obtainable directly from Digital Research. See the GEM/3 Driver Pack Infonnation Sheet
supplied with this package for a list of available driver packs.
Note that some hardware manufacturers also supply device drivers compatible with GEM/3. You can contact them directly for driver availability
information.
Installation Procedure
If you have not already done so, read and follow the instructions in
"Choosing the Operation" at the beginning of this chapter.
Let's assume you are adding a plotter. You have just selected ADD A
PLOTTER.
1. Insert your plotter driver pack disk into drive A and press
.J.
The screen displays a list of plotters.
2. Move your cursor to the plotter you wish to install and press .J.
GEM Setup displays a list of communications ports.
3. Choose the port you intend to use. For more information, see
Chapter 1, "Selecting Communications Ports."
The screen displays your new device setup. If you want to perform
another operation, choose CONTINUE; to complete installation and
exit GEM Setup, ch{)oseSAVEAND EXIT FROM GEM SETUP.
GEM Setup copies the GEM plotter driver onto your target disk.
When it finishes copying, plotter installation is complete.
3-9
Removing Devices
GEW3 Installation Guide
Removing Devices
This section tells you how to remove a device from your setup. When
you remove a device from your setup, you remove its device driver and
any associated fonts. The driver takes up disk and memory space, and
you don't need the driver if you're not using the device.
If you have not already done so, read and follow the instructions in
"Choosing the Operation" at the beginning of this chapter.
You have just selected REMOVE A DEVICE FROM SETUP. GEM
Setup displays your current setup and instructs you to choose the device
YOll want to delete.
When you choose the device, GEM Setup displays your new device setup.
If you want to perform another operation, choose CONTINUE; to exit
GEM Setup, choose SAVE AND EXIT GEM SETUP.
GEM Setup removes the device driver and any associated files.
3-10
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Changing Your Setup
Changing Your Setup
This section explains how to substitute one device for another within
your setup without deleting or adding to the setup.
If you have not already done so, read and follow the instructions in
"Choosing the Operation" at the beginning of this chapter.
You have just selected CHANGE YOUR CURRENT SETUP. The screen
displays your current setup and asks you to identify the item you want to
change.
Let's assume you want to change the mouse installed in your setup.
Move your cursor to the mouse entry and press ..J. The screen displays a
list of mice and tablets. Choose the one you intend to use.
GEM Setup then displays your new setup. If you want to perform
another operation, select CONTINUE; to exit GEM Setup, select SAVE
AND EXIT FROM GEM SETUP. The new driver is copied onto your
disk.
Changing Setups on Multiple Hard Disks
If you installed GEM/3 on mUltiple hard disks, whenever you select
CHANGE YOUR CURRENT SETUP, GEM Setup makes changes to
your setup on the drive having the lower letter drive identifier. For example, if you installed GEM/3 on drives C and E, it makes changes to
drive C. To change your setup on drive E, you would need to assign
drive C as drive E temporarily. Here's how:
1. Enter DOS and move to drive C.
2. Type the following command:
..J
This redirects instructions performed on drive C to drive E. The
ASSIGN command remain;; in effect until you reboot your computer.
ASSIGN C=E
Note: The ASSIGN command is available only on DOS 3.0 and later
versions.
3-11
Chapter 4
Installing
GEM Applications
This chapter steps you through the generic procedure for installing other
GEM applications for use with the GEM Desktop.
Each application is supplied with an installation program called INSTALL.APP. You run INSTALL.APP from within the GEM Desktop,
which, except for application-specific instructions, is very similar from
one application to another.
Note: This installation procedure applies only to GEM applications
from Digital Research.
Running INSTALL.APP
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Running INSTALL.APP
Here is the typical installation procedure:
1. Start the GEM Desktop. If you do not recall how to do this, see
Chapter 2, "Starting The GEM Desktop."
2. Insert your GEM application master disk into drive A.
3. Double click on the A disk-drive icon in the window labeled "Disk
Drives."
The window changes to show the contents of the master application
disk.
4. Double-click on the icon labeled INSTALL.APP.
INSTALL.APP displays a message confirming the disk drive on which
the application is to be installed.
5. Click on OK.
INSTALL.APP displays the names of the application files as they are
copied onto your disk.
INSTALL_APP
When copying is completed, a message is displayed, indicating the
name of the folder on your hard or floppy disk containing the
newly installed application.
When installation is complete, the screen displays instructions for
running the application program.
4-2
Chapter 5
Troubleshooting
T
hiS chapter answers commonly asked questions about using the
GEM Desktop and other GEM applications. It lists problems you
may encounter when using the GEM Desktop and their solutions.
Questions Commonly Asked
1. I have purchased several GEM applications and received a
different release of the GEM Desktop with each. Which
release should I install?
• Install the most recent release using the program GEM Setup on the
disk labeled SYSTEM.
2. Can I remove or move any of the GEM/3 subdirectories?
• No.
3. Can GEM Setup be run from the hard disk?
• Yes, by copying files GEMSETUP.EXE and GEMSETUP.TXT from the
GEM system master disk onto the hard disk. Having GEM Setup on
your hard disk may be useful if you need to change your setup frequently.
3. What cable do I need for the Hewlett-Packard®
7550 Plotter?
• Hewlett-Packard part number: HP 17255F
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Problems
Problems
1. Mter you type the GEM startup command, the screen is
blank.
• The graphics card selected during GEM Setup is the wrong type or
model. Rerun GEM Setup and change this entry.
2. When you print a document, the graphics are printed but
no text.
• Either the printer font files have not been installed or they were installed and subsequently erased. Rerun GEM Setup.
3. The screen displays this error message when you attempt
to start the GEM Desktop:
GEM VOl not Installed.
• This occurs most commonly when:
- The disk labeled SYSTEM has been copied to the root directory of
your hard disk, or you typed "GEM" from within the
\GEMAPPS\GEMSYS directory.
- There is insufficient memory available on your system.
4. When attempting to use any GEM application, an alert is
displayed instructing you to insert your GEM Fonts disk.
• The screen fonts are not installed on your system. Rerun GEM Setup
and, for dual-floppy systems, reinstall the application.
5. You are using an IBM® eGA TM, but your display is not in
color.
• GEM/3 supports the IBM eGA in monochrome mode only.
5-2
GEM/3 Installation Guide
'Resolving Problems
Resolving Problems
When experiencing a problem:
• Learn which systems your hardware is compatible with.
• Try to find out whether the problem is hardware incompatibility-related or software-related.
Have the following information ready when you call Digital Research's
Customer Technical Support Services - (408) 646-6464:
• type of computer (IBM PC/XT@, PC/AT@, Personal System/2™, etc.)
• type of graphics card
• mouse and mouse communications port
• printer(s) and printer port(s)
• release of the GEM Desktop installed
• product serial number
The GEM Desktop serial number is located on your SYSTEM disk~ For
GEM/3 applications, it is located on the application master disk.
5-3
Appendix A
System Information
T
his appendix lists the hardware and software that you can use with
the GEM Desktop, as well as the GEM/3 system requirements.
Computer
AT&T® 6300
IBM PC™, PC/XT, PC/AT
3270 PC,
Personal System/2
100%-compatible computer
Notes:
• Your computer must have a graphics card installed.
• While you can perform all GEM Desktop operations directly from your
keyboard, a mouse or graphics tablet is recommended for ease of use.
• Your computer must have at least two disk drives. You can have
either two floppy drives or one floppy drive and at least one hard disk
drive. The GEM Desktop is available in both 5.25" and 3.5" disk versions.
• For floppy disk systems, the GEM Desktop and GEM applications require two double-sided, double-density disks or one high-density disk.
System Information
GEW3 Installation Guide
Operating System
PC-DOSTM version 2.1 or higher
DOS Plus™
• For systems with multiple hard disks, DOS 3.0 and higher versions are
recommended.
Memory
512K
Monochrome Graphics
AT&T Monochrome Card/Monochrome Display (640 x 400)
IBM Color Graphics Adaptor (CGA)/Color Display (640 x 200) Mono Mode
IBM Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA TM)/Monochrome Display
(640 x 350)
TM
IBM Vector Graphics Adaptor (VGA )/Monochrome Display (640 x 480)
Hercules Graphics Card TM /Monochrome PC Display (720 x 348)
The GENIUS® Monitor/The GENIUS Monitor Card (720 x 1008)
Wyse ® / Amdek Monochrome Graphics Display (1280 x 800)
100% compatible
Color Graphics
AT&T DEB Card/16-color Display (640 x 400)
IBM Enhanced Graphics Adaptor/16-color Display (640 x 350)
IBM 16-Color VGA Card for PS/2 (640 x 480)
Video 7™ Vega™ Deluxe/Quadram® Prosync™ 16-Color Display
(640 x 480 and 752 x 410 models)
100% compatibles
A- 2
System Information
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Printer
Apple LaserWriter, LaserWriter Plus TM, and other Postscript printers
Epson® GQ-3500 Laser Printer
Epson LQ-Series Printers
Hewlett-Packard® LaserJet+ TM
Hewlett-Packard LaserJet IITM
IBM/Epson High Resolution Printers (120 x 144 dots/inch)
Toshiba® 321, 341, and 351
Xerox® 4020 Color Ink Jet
Mouse
IBM Personal System/2 Mouse
Logimouse®
Manager Mouse ®
Microsoft® Bus Mouse/generic'bus mouse
Microsoft Serial Mouse
Mouse Systems TM
PC Mouse™
SummaMouse TM
SummaSketch
TM
9610r 1201 cursor-/stylus-type tablet
Summagraphics TMMM1812 cursor-/stylus-type tablet
A- 3
System Information
GEM/3 Installation Guide
Driver Packs
Digital Research offers over a dozen "driver packs," disks containing
drivers for additional devices. These include many popular printers, displays, plotters, scanners, and cameras. If your display/graphics card or
printer is not among those listed above, see the GEM/3 Driver Pack Information sheet elsewhere in this package.
Certain hardware manufacturers also supply GEM/3-compatible device
drivers. You can contact them directly for driver availability information.
A-4
GE
User's Guide
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1987 Digital Research Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
Digital Research Inc., 70 Garden Court, P.O. Box DRI, Monterey, California 93942.
DISCLAIMER
DIGITAL RESEARCH INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Further, Digital Research Inc. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Digital Research Inc. to
notify any person of such revision or changes.
NOTICE TO USER
This manual should not be construed as any representation or warranty with respect to the
software named herein. Occasionally changes or variations exist in the software that are
not reflected in the manual. Generally, if such changes or variations are known to exist
and to affect the product significantly, a release note or README.DOC file accompanies
the manual and distribution disk(s). In that event, be sure to read the release note or
README.DOC file before using the product.
TRADEMARKS
Digital Research, its logo, and GEM are registered trademarks, and GEM/3, GEM Desktop,
GEM Draw Plus, GEM 1st Word Plus, GEM Graph, GEM Paint, GEM Scan, GEM Wordchart,
and GEM Desktop Publisher are trademarks of Digital Research Inc. Epson is a registered
trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation. dBASE is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate.
Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. IBM is a registered trademark
of International Business Machines Corporation. Lotus and 1-2-3 are registered
trademarks of Lotus Development Corp. WordStar is a registered trademark of MicroPro
International.
First Edition: December, 1987
Foreword
The GEM® Desktop TN and GEM® text and graphics applications make
creating high-quality pUblications and graphics with your computer enjoyable and easy.
GEM/3 TN is the latest addition to the GEM applications product line. It
offers many new features, yet retains the best of previous versions of the
GEM Desktop. New features are outlined in the GEM/3 Desktop Installa-
tion Guide.
How to Use this Guide
If you are familiar with the GEM Desktop and want information only
about new features, skim Section 10 for an overview of the new version
of GEM Output and read Section 13, which presents the GEM Output
menus and commands. Also read Section 14 for information about new
options for using your printer, plotter, and other output devices.
If you're new to the GEM Desktop but are familiar with graphics applications and mouse techniques, you should read Section 1 and skim
through the manual once to get an overall impression of the GEM
Desktop. Then read Section 2 to get started, and Sections 4,5, and 6 for
detailed instructions on using the GEM Desktop. Section 9· covers GEM
Desktop menus and commands.
If you are using a graphics application for the first time, this manual
guides you every step of the way. Simply read each section and follow
the instructions. You'll be productive almost immediately and will soon
master the GEM Desktop.
Foreword
GEM Desktop
What this Guide Contains
Section 1: "Introduction"
This section describes the basic concepts behind the
GEM Desktop.
Section 2: "Getting Started"
This section tells you how to start the GEM Desktop.
Section 3: "Getting Acquainted"
This tutorial section introduces you to the mouse techniques you'll be using in the GEM Desktop and other
GEM applications.
Section 4: 'Windows"
The GEM Desktop divides your screen into windows.
Windows allow you to view the contents of your disks
and folders, bring up a desk accessory, and so on. This
section describes window components and operations.
Section 5: "Folders"
Folders contain files and other folders. This section
describes how you organize your documents or applications in folders.
Section 6: "Icons"
The basic elements in the GEM Desktop-disks, folders,
applications, and documents-are shown as icons, or
small pictures. This section shows you how to manipulate the icons to perform a variety of tasks.
Section 7: "Applications"
This section discusses software programs, how they relate to the GEM Desktop, and how document types are
associated with them. It also describes the Clock, Calculator, and Print Spooler desk accessories.
iv
Foreword
GEM Desktop
Section 8: "Dialogs"
The GEM Desktop displays dialogs to provide information or ask for information in connection with an operation that you are performing.
Section 9: "Menus and Commands"
This section explains how to use the GEM Desktop's
menus and commands.
Section 10: "GEM Output Overview"
GEM Output is a sophisticated print application that
lets you control how your output devices are used.
Section 11: "Starting and Using GEM Output"
This section tells you, in tutorial format, how to start
GEM Output, select documents to print, choose the
device to do the printing, and begin printing.
Section 12: "Output Lists"
GEM Output lets you create lists for printing multiple
documents. You can save these lists for repeated use.
Section 13: "GEM Output Menus and Commands"
The commands in the GEM Output menus are described
in this section.
Section 14: "Device Preferences"
This section shows you how to customize the operation
of your printer, plotter, or other output device so that
documents are produced to your specifications.
v
GEM Desktop
Foreword
Assumptions and Conventions
Unless otherwise stated, the examples in this guide assume your computer has one floppy disk drive (drive A) and a hard disk drive (drive C).
"Mouse" is used generically to refer to the pointing device attached to
your computer.
If you don't have a mouse, you can learn how to use your keyboard in
place of a mouse by studying the GEM Desktop Keyboard Reference card
provided at the back of this guide. Keyboard shortcuts are explained in
Section 9.
Some GEM Desktop commands, when they appear in menus, are followed by three dots. These dots indicate that a dialog appears when you
choose the command. The Desktop uses dialogs to communicate interactively with you-they provide or request information.
vi
Contents
1 Introduction
What Is the GEM Desktop?
.........
. .1-2
Who Can Benefit from the GEM Desktop?
. . . . . . . 1-3
GEM Desktor Terminology
. . . .
. 1-3
What's Next.
.....
. . . 1-4
2 Getting Started
Starting the GEM Desktop
..... .
Starting from a Hard Disk
.... .
Starting from Floppy Disks
.... .
Starting the GEM Desktop Automatically
3
·
·
·
·
.
.
.
.
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-3
Getting Acquainted
Starting the GEM Desktop
Moving the Pointer . . . . .
Mouse Techniques
....
. .
Selecting an Icon (Clicking)
..
Opening an Icon (Double-clicking)
.
. .
..
Selecting Multiple Icons (Dragging)
Selecting Multiple Icons (Shiff-clicKing)
Copying an Icon
....... .
Copying Multiple Icons
.... .
DisplayingMenus
..
. . . . . . . ..
Renaming Icons
...
Deleting Icons . . . .
. . . .
· 3-2
· 3-3
. 3-3
.3-4
. 3-5
· 3-5
· 3-7
· 3-8
· 3-8
. 3-9
· 3-9
3-10
4 Windows
Title Bar
. . . . . . . .
Close Box . . . . . . . .
Full Box
...... .
Window Scroll Components
Scroll Bar and Sliaer
..
Scroll Arrows
. . . . . .
Summary of Scroll Techniques
Other Window Operations
..
Display Contents as Text . . . .
Display Contents in a Different Order
Save Your Windows
..... .
· 4-1
· 4-4
· 4-4
· .
·
· .
·
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-6
· 4-7
· 4-7
· 4-7
· .4-7
Contents
GEM Desktop
5 Folders
Creating a New Folder
....
Folders Inside Other Folders
Copying Folders . . . . . .
PlacIng 1cons Inside Folders
Deleting Icons
....
Deleting Folders . . . . .
Renaming Folders
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-5
5-5
6 Icons
Disk Drive and Folder Icons
.
Application and Document Icons
Copying Icons
..... .
Name Conflicts . . . . .
Renaming Icons . . . . . . .
7
Applications
DOS Applications
..... .
GEM Applications . . . . . .
Application and Document Types
Starting Afplications . . . .
Norma Startup . . . . . .
Startup with a Specific Document
OPEN APPLICATION Dialog . . .
Configuring Applications
.....
Saving an Application's Configuration
Removing an Application's Configuration
Search Paths
. . . . . . . . . . .
Desk Accessories
Using Desk Accessories
Calculator . . . .
Clock
Print Spooler
8
6-1
6-2
6-:-3
6-4
6-4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-4
7-4
7-5
7-5
7-8
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-10
7-11
7-13
7-13
Dialogs
Exit Buttons
Information Dialogs
Data Entry Dialogs
8-1
8-2
8-3
viii
GEM Desktop
Contents
9 Menus and Commands
Keyboard Shortcuts
File Menu
.....
Options Menu . . . .
Arrange Menu . . . .
DESKTOP Menu . . .
File Menu Commands
.
Open Command . .
InfolRename Command
Format Command
...
Options Menu Commands
..
Install Disk Drive Command
Set Preferences Command
Save Desktop Command
.
Arrange Menu Commands
..
Show as Text/lcons Command
Sort by N arne Command
Sort by Type Command
Sort by SIze Command . .
Sort by Date Command
· 9-1
· . . 9-2
· . . 9-3
· . . 9-4
· 9-5
· 9-6
· 9-6
· 9-6
. . 9-7
· . . 9-8
· 9-8
· . . 9-9
9-11
9-12
9-12
. . . . 9-13
9-13
9-14
9-14
10 GEM Output Overview
Output Processing Modes . . . . . . .
BatchMode . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto Display Mode . . . . . . . . .
Types of Documents You Can Print or Display
Non-Graphic Document Reproduction
10-2
10-2
10-2
10-3
10-4
11 Starting and Using GEM Output
Starting GEM Output
.... .
Printing a Document
........ .
Step 1: Select Document(s) to Print
Step 2: Start GEM Output . . ~
Step 3: Start Printing
...
Step 4: Return to GEM Desktop
11-1
11-2
11-2
11-2
11-4
11-4
12 Output Lists
12-2
12-3
12-3
Output List Box
Size130x
..
Tool Kit Icons
ix
Contents
GEM Desktop
Rules for Selecting Documents
....
. . . . . . 12-5
Preselecting Documents . .
. . . .
. 12-5
Adding Document Names.
. . . . . . . . . . 12-6
Removing Document Names
. . 12-7
......
. . 12-7
Duplicating Document Names.
. . . . .
. . 12-7
Moving Document Names.
Saving an Output List . . . . . . . . . .
. 12-7
Opening Ou~ut Lists
.....
. . . . . . 12-8
.....
....
. . 12-9
Starting-Production
ITEM SELECTOR Dialog
. . . 12-9
....
12-10
Directory Line
. . . ..
Selection Line.
......
12-12
Directory Window
........
12-12
...
12-12
Folder Indicators
... .
12-13
Directory Window Close Box
13 GEM Output Menus and Commands
GEM OUq>ut File Menu Commands
...
Global Menu Commands
Preferences Menu Commands
Screen Preferences . . .
Printer/plotter Preferences
Camera Preferences
.
OUTPUT Menu Commands
. . . . . 13-2
. . . . . . . . 13-3
13-3
. . . . . . 13-3
13-4
. . . ..
. . . 13-4
13-5
14 Device Preferences
Global Menu . . . . . . . . .
GLOBAL PREFERENCES Dialog
Preferences Menu . . . . . . . . . .
Screen Preferences . . . .
Printer and Plotter Preferences
..
Page Preferences
Paper Size Preferences
Paper Tray Preferences
File Redirection Settings
Camera Preferences
Film . . . . .
... .
Color
x
14-1
· 14-2
· 14-3
14-3
· 14-5
· . 14-5
· . 14-6
14-7
· . 14-8
· 14-9
14-9
14-10
Section 1
Introduction
A
s computers have become increasingly a part of everyday life, both
in the workplace and at home, one plaintive question has been
asked over and over: 'Why are they so hard to use?"
Many would-be computer users are dissuaded by the belief that the secrets of using a computer are accessible only to a select few endowed with
special training or a very particular kind of intelligence. They don't
think "ordinary people" can use a computer.
The GEM® Desktop TM and the other applications in the GEM® software
family are designed specifically to put these fears to rest. They offer a
pictorial, visually-oriented alternative to complex computer concepts.
For example, suppose you want to copy a file named TABLE.DOC from
one place on a disk to another. Your operating system calls these places
subdirectories, and the command for copying this file could take the following form:
COpy \TEXT\TABLES\TABLE.DOC \DOCUMENT\CHARTS
Using your operating system to copy the file requires that you understand the principles of subdirectory hierarchies and the command syntax
that will find the file and copy it to the destination you want. If you look
to your operating system's manual for help in understanding these concepts, you'll first have to figure out what this means:
"COpy [I A] [/B] [d:] [path]filename[.ext] [IA] [lB]
[d:] [path] [filename [.ext] [lA] [lB] [!V]"
What Is the GEM Desktop?
GEM Desktop
Using the GEM Desktop, you can do exactly the same thing by moving
pictures on the screen. These pictures are called icons, and you use the
mouse as an extension of your hand to move the icons about.
iii ._TI'=IBL.E.DOC
To copy TABLE.DOC, you simply
move a copy of its icon to the
GEM Desktop folder that represents the destination subdirectory. It's just like taking a piece
of paper out of one folder on
your desk and inserting it into
another folder.
What Is the GEM Desktop?
In technical language, the GEM Desktop is an operating system interface,
a set of features that determine how you use your computer and its
operating system.
Here's a simple example of an interface. If you wear a wristwatch, its interface is either analog (hour hand and minute hand) or digital (a numerical read-out). The net effect of both is the same; they tell you the time.
But the two interfaces require different mental processes for reading the
time and different mechanical actions for setting the time.
Similarly, you can perform all the basic file operations using the command line or the GEM Desktop. The advantage of the GEM interface is
that it presents your actions visually. For example, when you copy a file,
you see the file you're copying and the folder to which you're copying it.
In this way, the GEM Desktop removes the level of abstraction the command line imposes.
1-2
GEM Desktop
Who Can Benefit from the GEM Desktop?
Who Can Benefit from the GEM Desktop?
The GEM Desktop is designed to be productive for first-time and experienced users.
If you're new to computers, the GEM Desktop will help you get started
quickly. You can begin working in the GEM Desktop and in your GEM
applications without first having to learn the ins and outs of the operating system.
If you're already familiar with your computer's operating system, you'll
find that the GEM Desktop offers some features not found there (for example, deleting a subdirectory and its contents in a single step). And if
there are some operations you still prefer to initiate from the command
line, you can leave the GEM Desktop, use the command line, and return
to the GEM Desktop with just a couple of keystrokes.
GEM Desktop Terminology
Like anything unique, the GEM Desktop has a vocabulary of its own.
Most of the terms Oike ''window,'' "dialog," and "scrolling") are explained later in this guide. If you encounter a term and are unsure of its
meaning, look it up in the index.
The GEM Desktop uses three terms-folder, application, and documentthat correspond directly to terms used in your operating system.
As noted previously, a folder is the same as a subdirectory.
An application is a program that does work for us or amuses us. This includes word processors, spelling checkers, drawing programs, and games.
GEM Desktop terminology uses "document" as a collective term to describe all other kinds of files. In operating system terminology, these
files include data files, overlay files, and other files either associated with
or created by an application.
1-3
What's Next?
GEM Desktop
Whafs Next?
If you haven't already installed the GEM Desktop, do so now-you'll find
instructions in the GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide. Then you can move
on to the next section of this guide and start using the GEM Desktop!
1-4
Section 2
Getting Started
T
his section contains the basic information you need to start the GEM
Desktop.
Starting the GEM Desktop
How you start the GEM Desktop depends on whether you've installed it
on a hard disk or on floppy disks. Instructions for starting from either
type of installation follow.
During installation, the GEM Setup program creates a batch file called
GEM.BAT and places it in the root directory of the disk on which you
have installed the GEM Desktop. GEM.BAT contains the commands you
need to start the GEM Desktop. See your operating system manual for a
complete description of batch flIes. GEM Setup is described in the
GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide.
arting the GEM Desktop
GEM Desktop
tarting from a Ha~~
Disk
)/
Assuming your hard disk is drive C, type each of the following commands at your operating system prompt (A> or C > ):
C:.J
CD \.J
GEM.J
When the GEM Desktop appears on your screen, you're ready to start
work. Before you move on to Section 3, you might want to read "Start
the GEM Desktop Automatically," later in this section.
If the GEM Desktop doesn't appear after you enter the GEM command,
you probably made an incorrect selection when you installed the software with the GEM Setup program. Review the information you provided on the system information sheet in the GEM/3 Desktop Installation
Guide and then rerun GEM Setup.
tarting from Floppy Disks
Insert your GEM STARTUP disk in drive A Tum on your computer or, if
it's already on, reboot your operating system. Type this command when
your operating system's prompt is displayed:
GEM.J
In response to this command, you'll see the following message displayed
on your screen:
•
-2
To run the GEM Desktop J insert your
GEM DESKTOP disk in driye A and click
on OK or press Enter. To return to DOS,
click on Cancel.
OK
@ancell
Remove your
GEM STARTUP
disk from drive A
and set it aside.
GEM Desktop
Starting the GEM Desktc
Insert your GEM DESKTOP disk in drive A, close the drive door, and
press the Enter key. You see an hourglass icon on your screen, telling
you your computer is busy completing your instructions.
In a few moments, the GEM Desktop appears.
If the GEM Desktop doesn't appear after you've inserted your GEM DESK
TOP disk, you probably made an incorrect selection when you installed
the software with the GEM Setup program. Review the information you
provided on the system information sheet in the GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide and then rerun GEM Setup.
Starting the GEM Desktop Automatically
Every time you load the operating system by turning on your computer
or rebooting, it looks for a batch file named AUTOEXEC.BAT. If the operating system finds this file in the root directory of the disk from which
it was loaded, it automatically processes the commands contained in the
file.
If you want the GEM Desktop to start automatically every time you start
your computer, you can:
• create an AUTOEXEC.BAT file that contains the necessary commands
• include the necessary commands in an existing AUTOEXEC.BAT file
Please see the GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide for directions concerning an AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
2 -.'
Section 3
Getting Acquainted
T
his section acquaints you with some basic operations of the GEM
Desktop. It's written as a tutorial with accompanying illustrations.
Keep in mind that your screen might look a little different from the
illustrations because the GEM Desktop is tailored to your specific
machine.
The tutorial assumes you have a mouse attached to your computer. If
you don't, you'll need the GEM Desktop Keyboard Reference (provided at
the end of this manual) to do the exercises.
The tutorial also assumes you have successfully installed the GEM Desktop as described in the GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide. If you haven't,
you won't be able to start the GEM Desktop.
To complete the tutorial exercises, you'll need a floppy disk. You can use
your backup copy of the GEM SYSTEM DISK (make sure it's writeprotected). If you use a different floppy disk, it should contain at least
one but no more than 15 items (files); it should not contain any folders
(subdirectories). The disk you use doesn't have to meet these requirements but the instructions will be easier to understand if it does.
~arting
GEM Desktop
the GEM Desktop
:tarting the GEM Desktop
In Section 2, you learned that there are several ways to start the GEM
Desktop. Refer to that section if you need help with this step.
When the Desktop frrst appears, it looks similar to the following illustration. We've labeled the components you need to know about for the tutorial. You'll learn more about these and other ~omponents' in later sections'.
menu bar
~
New Fo14.,.
[g
~
CLIPIP.D
icons
~
L:I
FONTS
OUTPUT.AI'P
D [IJ
D D D
PAINT.APP
D
~~'-
..:::PUILUHR.AI'I'
OUTPUT.'"
"CS.A' ..
@
N.INF
W
FLOPPY DISK
~
HARD DISK
disk drive icons
-2
pointer
GEM DeSktop
Moving the Pointe
Note the two windows that take up most of the screen. The icons in the
top window represent the contents of the disk from which you started
the GEM Desktop-the example shows hard disk drive C. The icons in
the bottom window represent the disk drives on your computer.
Moving the Pointer
The pointer moves on the Desktop when you move your mouse. Practice
moving the pointer, but for now, stay away from the menu bar at the top
of the screen. (If you accidentally make a menu drop down, move the
pointer out of the menu into an open area, then press and release the
mouse button. If your mouse has more than one button, use the one on
the left.)
To move the mouse without moving the pointer, lift the mouse up before
moving it.
Mouse Techniques
You manipulate the pointer with your mouse, graphic tablet, or keyboard
to do a variety of Desktop operations.
If you don't have a mouse, you can move the pointer with your keyboard's arrow keys. If the arrow keys don't work at first, press the Ctr!
key. The Ctrl key switches the keyboard in and out of the
mode in which the arrow keys control the pointer's movements
The mouse techniques most commonly used with
GEM applications are listed with their keyboard
equivalents on the next page.
Note: If your mouse has more than one button (most do), use only the
button on the left. The GEM Desktop does not respond to input from the
other buttons.
GEM Desktop
:electingan Icon (Clicking)
Technique
Mouse
Keyboard
Click
Press the button once.
Press the Home key once.
Double-click
Press the button twice
rapidly.
Press the Home Key twice
rapidly.
1. Press and hold down
the button.
2. Move the mouse.
3. Release the button.
1. Press the End key.
2. Press to arrow keys to move
the pointer.
3. Press the Home key.
Hold down the Shift key
as you press the button.
Hold down a Shift key as you
press the Home key.
Drag
Shift-click
Examples that use each technique follow.
Selecting an Icon (Clicking)
Click means press and immediately release the mouse button. You click
on an icon to select it. Most GEM applications work on the principle that
you first select an object, such as an icon, and then do something to that
object either by direct manipulation with the mouse or by choosing a
command from a menu.
HA~D
DISK
Select the drive A floppy disk icon by placing
the pointer on it and clicking the mouse button. The GEM Desktop highlights the selected icon by placing a bold shadow around
it.
Now move the pointer to an open area of the
window and click again. This de-selects the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _+_ icon and the bold shadow disappears.
3-4
GEM Desktop
Opening an Icon (Double-clicking)
Opening an Icon (Double-clicking)
Double-click means press and release the mouse button twice, quickly.
Double-clicking is an easy way to open an icon so you can see what it
contains. Try the following steps:
1. Insert the floppy disk you chose to use during the tutorial in drive A
and close the drive door.
2. Place the pointer on the drive A icon in the bottom window and
double-click.
You should see icons in the bottom window representing the items on
the disk in drive A. If the icons didn't appear, try double-clicking more
rapidly.
You can adjust the speed with which you must double-click by using the
Set preferences command; see "Options Menu" in Section 9, "Menus
and Commands."
Selecting Multiple Icons (Dragging)
Sometimes you'll want to select more than one icon at a time. For example, you might want to select several icons so you can copy them all
in one operation.
Drag means press and hold down the mouse button while you move the
mouse. When you drag, you form a "rubber rectangle" that expands and
contracts as you move the pointer. When the rubber rectangle touches
the icons you want to select (it doesn't have to completely surround
them), release the mouse button. The GEM Desktop highlights the icons
you've selected.
You can form the rubber-rectangle only by dragging from upper left to
lower right.
3-5
Selecting Multiple Icons (Dragging)
GEM Desktop
Important Note: To form the rubber rectangle, you IDJ.W; begin the
drag operation with the pointer in an open area of the window. If you
start with the pointer directly on an icon, you'll drag that icon. This is
another use for dragging described later in this section.
Study the following illustration and then try dragging to select multiple
icons:
[]
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n
New Folder
'ONTS
.. UBLISHIl.A ....
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[d
PAINT.AP"
D
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D
l[]
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~
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PATTEIlNS
DIlAW.A"
WOIlDCHIlT.II"
~
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~
~
OUT'UT.A"
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@
OUT.. UT.IlSC
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D D D
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New Folder
D
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CLIP81lD
C
GEM. EX!
GEHSETU ... EXE
DESKHI.ICN
D
D
G£HSETU ... TXT
Hold down the mouse button and
start dragging from here.
Drag to here and release the
mouse button.
To de-select all of the icons you just selected, click in an open area of
either window.
3-6
Selecting Multiple Icons (Shift-clicking)
GEM Desktop
Selecting Multiple Icons (Shift-clicking)
When you use the drag technique to select icons, you can only select
icons that are next to each other. Use the Shift-click technique to select
icons that are scattered throughout the window. For example, if you
want to select only the icons in the top left and bottom right comer,
Shift-click is the technique to use.
To shift-click, hold down the Shift key on your keyboard while you click
on the icons you want to select. The next illustration shows two icons
in the lower window of the Desktop that have been selected by Shiftclicking. Try Shift-clicking on your Desktop to select multiple icons:
HI
A:\
D
0
0
D
New Folder'
CALCLoeK. ACe
DESKTOP. APP
0
DESKTOP.INF
DESKTOP. p.se
Di:SKLO. leN
@
~
@
.... M.~:.
D D 0
@ 0
OUTPUT.APP
GEH.BAT
GEH.EXE
GtH. p.se
OUTPUT .P.iC
M1EM!,,,a",
Mj'pt+ .... _!
0
••
r-
DESKHI.ICN
'r
To de-select all of the icons you just selected, click in an open area of the
window.
To de-select individual icons, Shift-click on those you want to de-select.
This is a good way to de-select individual icons from a group selected
with the rubber rectangle.
3-7
Copying an Icon
GEM Desktop
Copying an Icon
To copy an icon, drag it where you want it copied and release the mouse
button. The copy's destination can be a window, folder, file, or disk icon.
t
You must begin with the pointer directly on t2l2. of the icon you want to
copy; otherwise, you form a rubber rectangle, as described earlier.
Look at the bottom window and fmd an icon you want to copy. If you're
using the backup copy of your GEM DESKTOP SYSTEM DISK, use the
"GEMSETUP.TXT" icon. (We'll delete the copy in a later step.) Do not
copy a folder icon for this exercise Cif one is present).
GEt-1SETUP _ TX
Place the pointer on the icon you want to copy and drag it to an
open area in the t2l2. window. Notice that when you drag, the
pointer changes from an arrow to a hand.
When you release the mouse button, you'll·see the COPY FOLDERS /
ITEMS dialog on your screen:
COPY FOLDERS / ITEMS
Folders to copy:
Iteills to copy:
OK
_9
_1
ttl I Cancel I
Place the pointer on the rectangle
labeled "OK" Cit's called a button)
and click. This starts the copy
process.
Copying Multiple Icons
When you use the copy technique just described, the GEM Desktop
copies all currently selected icons. For example, if you select several
icons and then drag anyone of them to the copy destination, you end up
with copies of all the selected icons.
3-8
Displaying Menus
GEM Desktop
Displaying Menus
The GEM Desktop menus contain commands you choose to do things on
the Desktop.
Move the pointer up to the left comer of the Desktop and touch the word
"File." The File Menu drops down below the menu bar.
+1
_._._._._._._._._.l~:ll(=lt;~~,
r(,,.t':'~lt;
,,
,,,
To Output
Exit to DOS
+n
AU
Each line in a menu is a command. Some commands
are "dimmed" or "greyed out." You cannot choose
these dimmed commands because they have no meaning in the context of what you are doing at the time.
For example, if no icons are selected when you display
the File Menu, the Delete command is dimmed because the GEM Desktop doesn't know what you want
to delete.
AQ
Slide the pointer along the menu bar. When it touches the other menu
titles their respective menus drop down.
We're not ready to choose a command yet, so move the pointer to an
open area of the Desktop and click. The last menu you displayed disappears.
Renaming Icons
In an earlier step, you copied an icon. Now you can use one of the File
Menu commands to change the copy's name. Following these steps:
1. Click on the icon in the top window that represents the copy you
made earlier. (The icon's name is "GEMSETUP.TXT" if you're using
the backup of your GEM DESKTOP SYSTEM DISK.)
2. Display the File Menu and place the pointer on the Info/Rename
command. Click the mouse button; you'll see a dialog titled "ITEM IN-
3-9
Deleting Icons
GEM Desktop
FORMATION / RENAME." This dialog shows you the name of the
icon you selected in step 1. The vertical bar at the end of the name is
the text cursor.
3. Press the Esc key to erase the icon name and then type:
JUNK.AAA
.J
Pressing the Enter key is the same as clicking on the OK button. You
should see an icon labeled JUNK.MA in the top window.
Deleting Icons
To delete the icon you copied and renamed to JUNK.MA, follow these
steps:
1. Select the JUNK.MA icon by clicking on it.
2. Choose the Delete command from the File Menu.
3. When you see the DELETE FOLDERS / ITEMS dialog, click on the OK
button or press the Enter key-if you change your mind and don't
want to delete the icon, click on the Cancel button. The GEM Desktop erases the file from your disk and removes the icon from the window.
This completes the tutorial.
3-10
Section 4
Windows
W
hen you first start the GEM Desktop, it displays two windows on
your screen. The windows allow you to "look inside" things, like
a disk or a folder.
Although they probably contain different icons, the two windows are
made up of the same components. The following illustration identifies
the window components:
close box
title bar
full box
H
scroll
components
Title Bar
Information in the title bar tells you, at a glance, which disk drive and
folders you have open, if any.
The steps that follow explain what the title bar information means.
GEM Desktop
Title Bar
Assume the bottom window on your Desktop looks like the one shown
below:
HI
Disk Drives:
W
FLOtp.,. DISK
~
••
r-
HAM DI:SK
.....
~
The phrase "Disk Drives:" in the title bar means the window's icons represent your computer's disk drives-drive A is a flopy disk drive and drive C
is a hard disk drive.
Now assume you place a disk in drive A. When you double-click on its
icon to open the disk, the bottom window looks like this:
HI
A:\
EJ
Now Foldor
EJ
••
r-
EXPENSES
'-~
The title bar now reads "A: \" to tell you the window is open to drive A.
Note the folder icon named EXPENSES. As the next illustration shows, if
you double-click on this icon, the GEM Desktop opens the folder and displays its contents.
4-2
Title Bar
GEM Desktop
HI
A:\EHPENSES\
LJ
Hew Folder
LJ
FElPJJAlt-y
LJ
"ANLlAIW
•...
-
LJ
HAlt-eM
•
To indicate that you are now in the EXPENSES folder on drive A, the information in the title bar changes to "A:\EXPENSES\." In the window,
there are now three icons for folders that contain monthly expense information.
If you double-click on the FEBRUARY folder icon, your window looks like
the one shown next:
HI
A:\EHPENSES\FEBRUARY\
LJ
How Folder
D
TRAVEL.EX,.
[jJ
[jJ
"AYROLL.IU'T
SEP.I'lCES.P.I'T
"
II
MIIIII
•...
;-
MIIIIII
TAXES.WlCS
·
'--
The contents of the window and title bar change once again, and so it
goes as you continue opening more folders until you find the specific
icon you want.
4-3
Close Box
GEM Desktop
Close Box
Click on the close box to go back to the previous folder you
opened. If there is no previous folder, you see disk drive icons in
the window.
If you hold down the mouse button while the pointer is on the
close box, the effect is continuous.
Full Box
Your windows can be either normal or full size. Click on a
window's full box to change from one size to the other.
Expanding a window to full size is useful if the disk or folder contains more icons than the window can show in normal size.
When either window is full size, it covers up the other window.
Window Scroll Components
Sometimes a window (even when expanded to full size) won't be able to
display all of the icons the disk or folder contains. When this happens,
use the scroll bar, slider, and the scroll arrows to scroll the contents
through the window to see the other icons. The next illustration shows
the concept of scrolling:
4-4
Window Scroll Components
GEM Desktop
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D
Slider
Scroll Bar
Scroll Bar and Slider
The scroll bar and slider help you move around within a window when
it contains more icons than can be displayed at one time. The slider also
tells you something about the size of the disk or folder and your current
location within it.
If the slider extends the full length of the scroll bar, the window is showing you all of the icons in that particular disk or folder. You can't scroll
the window in this case, of course.
If the slider does not extend the full length of the scroll bar, the disk or
folder contains more icons than are currently shown in the window.
Drag the slider up or down the scroll bar to see the other icons.
If you click on the scroll bar, rather than dragging the slider, the GEM
Desktop scrolls one full window of icons at a time. Click above the slider
to scroll up and below it to scroll down.
The size of the slider in relation to the scroll bar tells you how much of
the disk or folder is visible in the window. For example, if the slider ex-
4-5
Window Scroll Components
GEM Desktop
tends half the length of the scroll bar, the window is showing you half
the icons in the disk or folder.
The relative position of the slider inside the scroll bar indicates your position. For example, if the slider is at the bottom of the scroll bar, you are
at the bottom of the disk or folder.
Scroll Arrows
The up-arrow is at the top of the scroll bar; the down-arrow is at the bottom. Click on the up-arrow to scroll one line of icons toward the top of
the folder and on the down-arrow to scroll one line toward the bottom.
Hold the mouse button down for continuous scrolling.
Summary of Scroll Techniques
Here's a summary of how to use the window scroll components:
Click in the
scroll bar to
scroll one full
window of icons
in either
direction.
4-6
Click on the
scroll arrows
to scroll one
line of icons
up or down.
GEM Desktop
Other Window Operations
Other Window Operations
The following window operations are described in detail elsewhere in
this guide.
Display Contents as Text
You can display disk and folder contents as icons or as text. Read the
description of the Show as icons/text command beginning in Section
9, "Menus and Commands."
Display Contents in a Different Order
Use the commands on the Arrange Menu to arrange the window contents
in various ways. You can arrange the contents by icon name or type,
icon size, or the date the icon was created or last modified. The Arrange
Menu is described in Section 9, "Menus and Commands."
Save Your Windows
If you want your windows and their contents to appear a certain way
each time you start the GEM Desktop, read about Save desktop under
"Options Menu Commands" in Section 9.
.
4-7
Section 5
Folders
T
o be consistent with the desktop metaphor, the GEM Desktop
provides you with folders. You use the folders much the same way
you use them in a file cabinet. That is, you organize your information into different folders so you can locate it quickly and easily when
you need it.
(If you are experienced with the DOS operating system, it will help you
to know that folders are the same thing as directories and subdirectories.)
When you first open a disk icon and the disk contains folders, you see
the folders in the window. Until you open one of the folders, you are in
the root directory of that disk. A disk does not have to contain folders,
and it can contain icons in the root directory.
Creating a New Folder
Folders are represented on the GEM Desktop by an icon like the
one shown here. You can place icons inside folders, remove them
from folders, open folders to display their contents, and much more.
The first icon in every window is always a folder named "New Folder"
(except when the window displays disk drive icons).
GEM Desktop
Creating a New Folder
To create a new folder, double-click on the New Folder icon. The
GEM Desktop then displays the NEW FOLDER dialog so you can
type the name of the folder you are creating:
As you type the folder's name, it appears
on the "Name:" line of the NEW FOLDER
dialog. The folder's name can be up to
eight characters long-you can also use a
three character folder type. The optional
folder type follows the period in the
folder's name .
NEW FOLDER
Nallle:
...._oK_..11
Cancel
After you type the folder's name, click on
the OK button or press the Enter key.
The dialog will be removed from the
screen and you'll see an icon for the new folder appear in the current
window. Another New Folder icon replaces the one you just used, so you
always have a "new folder" available.
Folders Inside Other Folders
Up to a certain point, you can place folders inside other folders. For example, assume you have a disk containing a folder named TAXES-87 and
you want to create folders named EXPENSES and INCOME inside the
TAXES-87 folder. Here are the steps:
1. With your disk drive icons visible in the window, place the disk con-
taining the TAXES-87 folder in drive A and double-click on the disk
drive icon to open its window. You see your TAXES-87 folder in the
window.
2. Double-click on the TAXES-87 folder. Its contents appear in the window. You also see a folder labeled New Folder at the top-left comer
of the window.
3. Double-click on the New Folder icon. The NEW FOLDER dialog appears. Name your new folder "EXPENSES."
5-2
GEM Desktop
Copying Folders
4. Repeat the previous step, only this time name your new folder "INCOME."
.
5. Click on the window's close box to move back into the TAXES-87
folder. You'll see the two new folders, EXPENSES and INCOME, in
your window.
Note: DOS limits the number of folders you can place inside other
folders. The limiting factor is the number of characters in the combined
folder names. When you combine all of the folder names into one string,
the string cannot contain more than 63 characters (including backslashes). The string can contain a disk drive identifier (for example
"A:"), in which case it can be up to 65 characters long.
Copying Folders
The basic method for copying a folder and its contents is to drag the
folder's icon to the place where you want the copy created. However,
your results vary depending on several different factors.
If you drag a folder icon to an open area of the same window, you create
a "name conflict" because, in most cases, you cannot have two folders
with the same name. If you attempt to do this, the GEM Desktop asks
you to enter a different name for the copy you are making. For details,
read "Name Conflicts" in Section 6.
If you drag a folder icon on top of another folder icon and the two have
different names, the GEM Desktop places the first folder icon and its contents inside the destination folder icon. For example, assume you have
two folders named EXPENSES and PAYROLL. You drag the PAYROLL
folder icon on top of the EXPENSES folder icon and release the mouse
button. If you then open the EXPENSES f~:H:lt; , , ,
11-2
GEM Output starts; its screen looks like the one shown
on the following page.
Printing a Document
GEM Desktop
menu bar
C:\IMAGES\CAR.GEH
C:\IMAGES\TRUCK.GEM
Start icon
tool kit
output list box
device icons
Like the GEM Desktop screen, at the top of the GEM Output screen is the
menu bar. It lists the titles of the GEM Output menus: File, Global,
Preferences, and OUTPUT.
The left side of the screen contains the tool kit. GEM Output tools are
described in Section 12.
The center portion of the screen is the output list box. It contains the
names of the documents you selected from the GEM Desktop in Step 1:
CAR.GEM and TRUCK. GEM.
11-3
Printing a Document
GEM Desktop
On the right side of the screen are icons that represent the output devices attached to your computer. Typically, a screen and a printer are
shown. There might be more icons shown, depending on your system's
configuration. Beneath each device icon is the name of that device. In
the example shown above, the name "Hercules" is displayed beneath the
screen icon; this indicates that a Hercules Graphics Card TN is installed in
the computer.
GEM Output highlights the default icon; this is the device it will use unless you select a different one. Click on a different icon to select its device. Use Save Preferences from the Global Menu to make that device
the default.
Step 3: Start Printing
To print the two pictures, click on the "Start" icon (the keyboard shortcut
is AIt-S). This dialog appears to indicate which document is printing:
Files processed: 1 of 2
CUl"l"ent file:
CAR. GEM
The dialog disappears from
your screen when printing is
completed.
(Press '[~41 to stop at end of current page.)
Step 4: Return to GEM Desktop
Display the File Menu and choose Quit or use the keyboard shortcut
(Ctrl-Q) to' return to the GEM Desktop.
You now know the' basic steps for printing using GEM Output. Next
you'l1leam about other features and other ways to use GEM Output in
the following sections.
11-4
Section 12
Output Lists
T
hiS section explains how to create, edit, and use output lists to print
or display your documents. It contains detailed screen and dialog
information.
Output lists let you print or display multiple documents in the order you
want. For instance, chapters in a book or sections in a report might
make up an output list. You can save these lists and revise them.
GEM Desktop
Output List Box
Output List Box
When you start GEM Output, it displays the output list box on your
screen, as shown below:
full box
title bar
slider
scroll
arrows
scroll
bar -
tool kit
___~:::::::I
size box
The output list box, like a Desktop window" contains a title bar, full box,
scroll bar, slider, and scroll arrows. It also contains a size box and tool
kit icons.
.~
12-2
GEM Desktop
Size Box
Size Box
Use the size box to change the dimensions of the output list box. This is
useful when:
• the document names in your output list extend beyond the right edge
of the output list box
• you want to make room on the screen for a desk accessory
• a desk accessory disappears behind the output list box and you want
to bring it back in view
Place the pointer on the size box and drag in any direction. As you drag,
you'll see the outline of a rectangle that previews the new dimensions of
the output list box. When the rectangle is the size and shape you want
the new list box to be, release the mouse button.
Tool Kit Icons
The tool kit icons and their keyboard shortcuts are briefly described
below. Please refer to pages 12-5 through 12-7 for more details.
Click on the START icon to begin producing the documents whose
file names are listed in the output list box. GEM Output produces
these documents on the output device whose icon is highlighted.
To use a different output device, click on its icon before selecting
Start. The keyboard shortcut for START is AIt-S: hold down the
AIt key and press the S key.
12-3
Tool Kit Icons
GEM Desktop
Click on this icon to add one or more document names to an output list. You can add document names to an empty list or to an
existing list. The ITEM SELECTOR dialog appears, from which
you select the documents to be added (see page 12-9). The key,;
board shortcut for Add Name is AIt-A.
Add
Hame
To remove a document name from the output list, select its name
and then click on this icon. You can select more than one document to be removed with the drag or Shift-click techniques. Remove Name deletes the document only from the output list, it
does not affect the document itself. The keyboard shortcut for
Remove Name is AIt-D.
Remove
Name
uplicat
Name
Copies:
~B1
To produce more than one copy of a document, duplicate the document name in the output list as many times as needed. You do
this by selecting the name to be duplicated and then clicking on
this icon. Use the drag or Shift-click technique to select multiple
document names for duplication. The keyboard shortcut for Duplicate Name is AIt-C.
To tell GEM Output to produce more than one copy of the documents in the output list, place the pointer near the number 01 in
the Copies icon and click. When GEM Output displays the text cursor behind the number, press the Backspace key or the Escape key.
This erases the current number so that you can type the number of
copies you want GEM Output to produce. You can enter any number from 1 to 99.
GEM Output sounds a tone and returns the copies setting to 01 when:
• Two minutes have elapsed since it processed the last document
• Two minutes have elapsed since you moved the pointer or issued a
command
12-4
GEM Desktop
Rules for Selecting Documents
Rules for Selecting Documents
Keep the following rules in mind when selecting document names for an
output list:
• You can combine documents from different folders (subdirectories) in
the same output list.
• You can also combine documents from different disks in the same output list. However, you must have all disks available when producing
the documents and you must specify which disk each document is on.
For example, some documents can be on your hard disk and others on
a floppy disk so long as the floppy disk is inserted in a disk drive when
you create the output list and start the production process. Also, your
documents can be on two separate floppy disks so long as b..Qth floppies are inserted in disk drives. However, you ~ swap floppy
disks while running GEM Output.
• GEM Output does not produce certain document types. See "Types of
Documents You (:an Print or Display" on page 10-3.
Preselecting Documents
You can "preselect" the document(s) you want in your output list by selecting them from the GEM Desktop ~ you choose the To Output
command from the Desktop's File Menu. When the output list appears,
it contains the names of the documents you preselected.
You can preselect up to ten documents at a time, depending on the combined number of characters in the folder and document names. The maximum number of characters GEM Output can accept is 128.
Another way to preselect a document for an output list is to start GEM
Output directly from a GEM application. The application passes the
name of your current document to GEM Output.
12-5
Adding Document Names
GEM Desktop
Adding Document Names
You can add one or more document names to an empty ITEM SELECTOR
or to an existing list. (To start with an empty list, click on the New
command from the GEM Output File Menu. )
To add one or more names, either click on the Add Name icon in the tool
kit or hold down the AIt key and press the A key. The ITEM SELECTOR
dialog appears on your screen (see page 12-9). Use the ITEM SELECTOR
to select the document(s) you want to add to your output list.
To add a name to the list from the ITEM SELECTOR dialog:
• Double-click on the document's name in the directory window. This is
the fastest method.
• Click on the name when it appears in the directory window. The
name appears on the line following "Selection." Click on the OK button or press the Enter key.
• Type the document name on the Selection line. Click on the OK button or press the Enter key.
To add more names, repeat the procedure as many times as necessary.
To add all of the documents contained in the ITEM SELECTOR to your
list (up to a maximum of 36), leave the Selection line empty and click on
the OK button or press the Enter key.
Note: When the ITEM SELECTOR appears, it covers a portion of the out-
put list box. Therefore, you should make note of the document names
you already have in the box ~ you click on the Add Name icon. ,
12-6
GEM Desktop
Removing Document Names
Removing Document Names
To remove a name from the output list:
1. Click on the name you want to remove. To remove more than one
name, use the drag or Shift-click technique.
2. Click on the Remove Name icon in the tool kit or hold down the AIt
key and press the D key.
Duplicating Document Names
To duplicate document names already in an output list:
1. Select the name you want to duplicate. If you want to duplicate multiple names, use the drag or Shift-click technique.
2. Click on the Duplicate Name icon in the tool kit or hold down the AIt
key and press the C key.
Moving Document Names
To move a document name to a different place in the output list, select
it, then drag it to the desired location. When you release the mouse button, GEM Output inserts the name and rearranges the list, if necessary.
You can move only one name at a time.
Saving an Output List
You may have an output list that includes a sequence of documents and
graphics to be used in a presentation. You might want to save this sequence and perhaps modify it and run it again for a different audience.
12-7
Opening Output Lists
GEM Desktop
To save a new output list:
1. Choose Save as from the GEM Output File Menu. The ITEM SELECTOR dialog appears.
2. Type a name for your list (up to eight characters) and add the filename extension .US (it's automatically supplied if you forget). The
name you type appears on the Selection line.
3. Click on OK or press the ENTER key to save your list.
Note that the File Menu also contains a Save command. Use this command to save an existing output list after you make changes to it.
Opening Output Lists
When you open an output list, GEM Output places its document names
in the output list box. You can use the list as is-you can also add, duplicate, move, or remove names from it. The title bar shows you the name
and location of the output list.
GEM Output allows you to open only LIS-type documents, that is, files
with the .US filename extension.
Here are two ways to open an output list:
• Double-click on the output list icon from within the Desktop-GEM
Output starts automatically.
• Choose the Open command from the File Menu after you've started
GEM Output.
When you use the latter method, the ITEM SELECTOR dialog appears-it
shows you the US-type documents in your current disk folder.
If you open an existing list, make changes to it, and then want to save
both the original mlii revised versions, select the Save as command
from the File Menu to preserve the revised version under a different
name. Your original version remains unchanged.
12-8
GEM Desktop
Starting Production
Starting Production
If you want to change either the global or device preferences, do so
hdru:e. completing the following steps. (These preferences are described
in Section 14. )
When your output list is complete:
1. Click on the icon representing the device on which you want to produce your document(s). If the correct icon is already highlighted,
skip this step.
2. Click on the Start icon in the tool kit or (hold down the Alt key and
press the S key.)
ITEM SELECTOR Dialog
The ITEM SELECTOR dialog, shown on the next page, is used to:
• add one or more document names to your output list
• save an output list on disk
• retrieve an output list
12-9
ITEM SELECTOR Dialog
GEM Desktop
directory
line
ITEM SELECTOR
close
box
Directory: C:\IMAGES\*.*____________
Selection:
• DSKTP3_._
• OUTlIST_._
CAR
.GEM
GEM
.GEM
GEM3
.GEM
HEDlINE .GEM
HOUSE .GEM
MOREDOGS.GEM
OPSCREEN.GEM
selection
line
OK
I Cancel I
directory window
Directory Line
The directory line shows the disk and folders that contain the items listed
in the directory window. You can change the infonnation on this line to:
• choose the folder that contains the document(s) you want to add to
your output list
• name a folder in which you want to save an output list
• name a folder from which you want to retrieve an output list
To change the infonnation on the directory line, place the pointer anywhere on the line and click. The text cursor appears after the ~ character on the line. Press the Backspace key to erase individual characters or
press the Esc key to erase the entire line. Type the name of the disk and
folder or folders you want to use.
12-10
GEM Desktop
ITEM SELECI'OR Dialog
Mer you enter the information on the directory line, click inside the
directory window or press the Enter key to update the window with a list
of items in that folder.
Wildcard Characters
You can use asterisks (*) or question marks (?) in the directory line as
''wildcard'' characters. Question marks replace individual characters;
asterisks replace entire filenames. For example, "C:\pICTURES\*.GEM"
means all GEM-type documents in a folder named PICTURES on disk
drive C.
You can also combine wildcard expressions in the directory line as follows:
C:\*.GEM,*.OUT,*.GMP
In this case, you must separate each element with a comma.
Refer to your operating system manual for more· information about
wildcard characters.
Close Box
You can also change the information in the directory line by clicking on
the directory window's close box. Each time you click on the close box,
the directory window displays the contents of the next higher level in the
directory path (back toward the root directory). For example, if the directory line reads "C:\IMAGES\*.IMG" and you click on the close box, this
is what happens:
• The directory line changes to "C:\*.IMG."
• The directory window lists the folders in the root directory, plus documents with the .IMG type. Folders are identified with a diamond character ( • ).
12-11
ITEM SELECI'OR Dialog
GEM Desktop
Selection Line
You can enter the following information on the selection line:
• the name of a document you want in your output list
• the name for an output list you want to save on disk
• the name of an output list you want to retrieve from disk
Directory Window
The directory window lists the folders and items in the location specified
on the directory line. The window can display nine folders and document names at a time. Use the scroll bar, arrows, and slider to scroll
through the window if it contains more than nine entries.
Use any of the following methods to select an item from the directory
window:
• Double-click on the document or output list name in the directory window-this is the fastest method.
• Click on the document or output list name in the directory window.
The name appears on the selection line, as does the text cursor. Click
on the "OK" button or press Enter.
• Click on the selection line and the text cursor appears at the beginning
of the line. Type the name of the document or output list, then click
on the "OK" button or press Enter. (The name need not be displayed in
the directory window.)
Folder Indicators
Names listed in the directory window with a diamond ( • ) to the left
are folders ("subdirectories" in DOS). Click on a folder's name to display
its contents.
12-12
ITEM SELECTOR Dialog
GEM Desktop
Directory Window Close Box
The directory window has a close box in the upper left comer..
Click on the close box to move back to the previous folder.
If there is no previous folder, the directory window shows you the
drive letter(s) for your computer. Click on the drive letter to display the contents of its root directory in the directory window.
12-13
Section 13
GEMOutEut
Menus ana Commands
T
his section illustrates and describes the GEM Output menus and commands. Commands descriptions include the keyboard shortcuts.
Page references tell you where to find more information.
When you place the pointer on one of the titles in the menu bar, a menu
drops down. The entries in each menu are the commands that you use
in GEM Output. To select a command, touch the pointer to that entry so
that it becomes highlighted and click the mouse button.
To use a command's keyboard shortcut, hold down the first key indicated
while you press the second. For instance, the keyboard shortcut for the
New command in the File Menu (shown on the next page) is AW: hold
down the Ctrl key while you press the W key.
Function keys are exceptions; they are single keystrokes. For example,
the shortcut for the Global command from the Global Menu is F2-function key number 2.
GEM Desktop
GEM Output File Menu Commands
GEM Output File Menu Commands
Clears all names from your current output list (without saving
them) and displays an empty. untitled list. To use the keyboard
shortcut. hold down the Ctrl key while you press the W key.
New
Open •••
Save
Save as ...
To (application)
Quit
Displays the ITEM SELECTOR so you can select an
existing output list (pg. 12-9). The keyboard shortcut
is Ctrl-O.
....._ _ _ _ Saves your current output list under its present name
(pg. 12-7). The keyboard shortcut is Ctrl-V.
Displays the ITEM SELECTOR so you can save and
name a new output list. or save an existing list under
a different name (pg. 12-7). The keyboard shortcut
is Ctrl-M.
If you start GEM Output from a GEM application. the
name of that application appears here. You can
select the name to return to the application. The
keyboard shortcut is Ctrl-R (If you start GEM Output
from the GEM Desktop. this entry does not appear.)
Stops GEM Output and returns you to the GEM Desktop. The
keyboard shortcut is Ctrl-Q.
13-2
Global Menu Commands
GEM Desktop
Global Menu Commands
Shortcuts ...
F1
Global ...
F2
Displays a two-part dialog explaining certain
shortcuts available in GEM Output. The keyboard
shortcut is F1.
Sets certain global preferences in GEM Output. The
keyboard shortcut is F2.
----------------------Save preferences tV
Saves global and device preferences as currently
set. The keyboard shortcut is Alt-V.
Preferences Menu Commands
Screen Preferences
i MkM"9!'
'#ki
I Screen...
F3
I--
----------------
Controls how long images are displayed on your
screen (pg. 14-3). The keyboard shortcut is F3.
13-3
GEM Desktop
Preferences Menu Commands
Printer/Plotter Preferences
Note: Select either the printer or plotter device icon before choosing
one of the commands in this menu.
Displays a dialog so you can choose page output
settings (pg. 14-5). The keyboard shortcut is F4.
Ppe fer·ences
Page •••
F4
Paper size ...
F5
Paper tray .••
File red irect ...
F6
F7
Displays a dialog so you can select the correct
size paper for your output (pg. 14-6). The
keyboard shortcut is F5.
isplays a dialog so you can select the correct
paper tray or paper feed setting for your printer
(pg. 14-7). The keyboard shortcut is FS.
Displays a dialog that lets you send your output to
another file or to a remote printer (pg. 14-8). The
keyboard shortcut is F7.
Camera Preferences
Displays a dialog (pg. 14-9) that lists the types of
film suitable for use with GEM Output, and
contains a lightness (exposure) scale. The
keyboard shortcut is F8.
Ppe ferences
Filn...
FB
Color
F9
...
+--- Displays a dialog
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . .
13-4
(pg. 14-10) that lists an index of
color values, basic colors, and an intensity scale
for use with GEM Output. The keyboard shortcut
is F9.
GEM Desktop
OUTPUT Menu Commands
OUTPUT Menu Commands
OUTPUT
Output in Po ...
Snapshot
Calculator
Clock
Print Spooler
Displays a dialog about GEM Output. This dialog
- t - - - lists the release number and copyright
information.
This menu also lists the desk accessories (if any) that
are installed in the system. You can activate an
accessory from within GEM Output by clicking on its
name in the OUTPUT Menu. If your computer does
not have enough memory, this part of the menu is
omitted.
You'll find instructions for using the Snapshot accessory in your GEM
Paint User's Guide. The Calculator, Clock, and Print Spooler are described in Section 7 of this guide.
13-5
Section 14
Device Preferences
T
he commands in the Global Menu and Preferences Menu make it possible for you to "customize" GEM Output. The Global Menu commands affect GEM Output as a whole. The Preferences Menu
commands affect specific output devices.
Global Menu
The Global Menu contains the following commands:
Shortcuts
This command displays a dialog that describes keyboard shortcuts for entering certain commands.
Global
This command offers choices that affect your entire system. They are described below, under "GLOBAL
,PREFERENCES Dialog."
Save
Preferences
This command saves the choices you made with the
Global command and the commands in "the Preferences Menu.
When you save preferences, they are installed automatically every time you start GEM Output. You can
change preferences during a session, but if you do not
save them, the new settings are lost when you quit
GEM Output or turn off the computer.
GEM Desktop
Global Menu
GLOBAL PREFERENCES Dialog
Global preferences apply to GEM Output as a whole and are not specific
to a particular type of device. When you choose the Global command,
GEM Output displays the GLOBAL PREFERENCES dialog, shown below.
GlOBA~
If set to Yes, you are
asked to confirm
changes you make to
an output list.
PREFERENCES
Confir(ll .lIS changes:
Auto display:
_
No
On
-11111 _ ......_
-
-
Print pages nU(Ilbered 8811 through 999
OK
I I Cancel I
Starts the output
process automatically
when you come from
the GEM Desktop or a
GEM application. See
Section 10, "GEM
Output Overview," for
a description of Auto
Display Mode.
C ick on a number to put the text cursor there. Use the Backspace key to
erase numbers so you can type page numbers in the desired range. This
way you can print selected pages of a document.
14-2
GEM Desktop
Preferences Menu
Preferences Menu
The Preferences Menu allows you to choose how you want your output
devices (screen, printer, plotter, etc.) to work with GEM Output. You
can choose:
• GEM Output display preference
• paper size/paper tray options
• page layout options
• printer functions
• plotter functions
• camera functions
To display the options available for a device, first select the device by
clicking on its icon and then move the pointer to Preferences in the
menu bar. The menu drops down and the appropriate options are
shown for the device that you selected.
Note: Output devices must frrst be installed with GEM Setup before
GEM Output can customize them for you. Once they're installed, you
can adjust how your output will look and how it will be produced. See
the GEM/3 Desktop Installation Guide for instructions on using GEM
Setup.
Screen Preferences
The SCREEN PREFERENCES dialog, shown on the next page, can be displayed either by clicking on the Screen command in the Preferences
Menu or pressing the F3 function key. GEM Output lets you cycle either
graphics or text for display purposes. This would typically be used at exhibits or conventions where a presentation could be running unattended
for some time.
14-3
GEM Desktop
Screen Preferences
SCREEN PREFERENCES
Repeat list until
e
key?
Pause between pictures until:
Tillie to pause:
MUlM
I
Key
B~
OK
Yes
I MIIDIM
seconds
I I Cancel I
Repeat list until Esc key?
"Yes" means GEM Output continuously cycles through
the documents in your output list. You set the time to
pause between pages (pictures) by setting the number
of seconds below.
Pause between pictures until:
"Key" means that you must press a key or the mouse
button to display the next file in the output list. "Time"
means that GEM Output will automatically cycle
through the output list, displaying each document for
the time specified in "Time to pause," described next.
Time to pause:
When you click on the number, the text cursor appears.
Use the Backspace key to erase the previous number
and then type in the number of seconds to pause between document pages.
Note: Press the Escape key to stop the display and return to the main
GEM Output screen.
14-4
GEM Desktop
Printer and Plotter Preferences
Printer and Plotter Preferences
GEM Output uses dialogs so you can set preferences for your printer or
plotter's page layout, paper size, paper tray, and file redirection settings.
You display these dialogs by clicking on the appropriate command in the
Preferences Menu or by pressing the appropriate function key.
Page Preferences
. ~.L
PRlttTER PREFEREtiCES : Page
Scale:
Final forn feed?
liA!l4it4i I Make
..
Position:
fit
[]L]
[I]
Top
LoFt
k .. ht
8ottolll
OK
Scale:
I Cancel I
"True size" prints documents in their actual size and
scale. "Make fit" scales documents to fit the paper size
you select with Paper Size.
Final Form Feed? Select "Yes" to tell the printer to advance a blank
sheet after the last printed page. (This is not an option for plotters and most stacked-paper printersprinters that do not use continuous, "fan-fold" paper.)
Position:
Position the small black rectangle in the larger rectangle to select the boundaries of printed text on the
page.
14-5
GEM Desktop
Printer and Plotter Preferences
Paper Size Preferences
rt::]J PRINTER PREFERENCES : Paper size
III~H:I
W
Units: -'''H1ij'';-i4- I CentiMeters I
Half
(0.5)(5.5)
letter (9.5x11)
Legal
(8.5)(13)
Ledger (11K17)
Broad
(18x24)
Wide
(14x11)
A4
(8.27x11.69)
B5
(7.17x9.84)
OK
14-6
I CANCEL I
Units:
These buttons let you switch from inches to centimeters
in measuring the sheet sizes listed.
Sheet Sizes
Popular paper sheet sizes are listed. Click on a specific
size to specify the length of your document. For example, if you are printing on legal paper, choosing the
"Legal" paper size ensures that text and graphics are
positioned correctly on the paper.
GEM Desktop
Printer and Plotter Preferences
Paper Tray Preferences
~
Paper tray
PRINTER PREFERENCES
UM/li:p.,ol'l lU-
II
D
D
D
Default Paper Tray
Continuous for ...
Manual Feed
Optional Tray
tUI
OK
II CANCEL I
Default Paper Tray
For printers and plotters with one or more paper
trays, choose this setting to use the paper tray designated by the printer as the default.
Continuous Form Choose this setting to print documents on continuous
form or roll paper.
Manual Feed
Choose this setting if your printer or plotter has a
manual feed option or if you want it to pause between
pages. This option is useful with single-sheet printers
and most plotters.
Optional Tray #1 Use this option for printers or plotters with more than
one paper tray. To specify a tray, use the Backspace
key to erase the current number and then type the
new number.
14-7
GEM Desktop
Printer and Plotter Preferences
File Redirection Settings
PRIHTER PREFERENCES : Fila redirect
Sand output to: . . .
l:1:!£D
Print file in backgrooodT
C!!L] . .
Delete file after printing in back9roood?
[]iLJ . .
Directory: C :\IiEItAPPS\CLIPBRD\
File: CLIPFlLE. ...
C]C] I CAr£EL I
(tlota: Use GEN Setup to change you" hardware port conFiglration.)
Send output to:
Use this option to redirect your output files from one
destination to another. For example, instead of sending your output files to your printer port, you can redirect them to a flie, which you can then send to a
remote printer over a network.
Print file in background:
Select "Yes" to work in GEM while printing. If you
select "No," you cannot exit GEM Output while printing. (Only parallel printers have this option.)
Delete file after printing in background:
Select ''Yes'' if you want the temporary output file
created for each document to be deleted automatically
after printing. Select "No" if you want it to be saved.
(This option is available only for parallel printers.)
14-8
Directory:
This is where you can specify a directory in which you
want output flies saved. Enter the full path name of
the directory.
File:
Shows the name you assign to flies that you create.
GEM Desktop
Camera Preferences
Camera Preferences
If you select a camera device icon and then display the Preferences
Menu, GEM Output makes the Film and Color commands available.
The dialogs displayed when you choose these commands are described
below.
Film
GEM Output displays the CAMERA PREFERENCES: Film dialog when
you select the Film command. This dialog allows you to specify the type
of film you are currently using.
!WI
C ...... rll HIlM
CAH[RA PR[FER[HC£S : FiI..
FiI. Type
Liohtness
Polaroid Type 669
'H]
.0 Polaroid PolactroD Ektac....
ASA 188
E!1
BJ
•
0N8 -
o
Aofachrone - ASA 188
D FujiC....0R8 -
o
ASA 1911
Re.set'vOO fOl' flJtut'e use
D~
1~0I" futur-e u.te
DO
[[]
E!J
~
@)
I CAtlCEL I
Film Type
Select the film type you are using by
clicking on the box next to the film type
name. The film types listed in this
dialog are device-depen~ent. Other film
types may appear on your system.
."
Lightness
This setting allows you to vary the exposure of your pictures. The 0 setting is
average for most films. Experiment with
your own equipment to decide which settings are best for you.
14-9
GEM Desktop
Camera Preferences
Color
You can change the colors your camera produces by changing the settings in the CAMERA PREFERENCES: Color dialog. Note however, that
the results you get depend on many factors in addition to these settings.
Film type, speed rating, film age, ambient temperature, and humidity all
contribute to color quality.
,e_,
CClI\.r«
CRI1ERR PREFEREtlCES : CoU:r
*".
Color index:
mmmmmmmm
mmlJ!JOI1mJOIlOIJO!l
Current; Color Set;ting
Basic color:
I White II Bblck I[]![]I Green I[]!;]I Cyon I
IYellow IIMllgentllll1lrown II Orenge II Grey II Purple I
Intensity:
Iliaht
Red:
808 It
898 %
Green:
1m[I) [!][!H1J m[!][!JI
Blue: 000'
Intensity:
Dark
I
Color index:
By clicking on a number, you can
identify the color associated with
one of the color code numbers
used in GEM applications. For example, the default color associated
with the number 6 is yellow.
Basic color:
To change the color associated
with a selected color index number, click on the color of your
choice. For example, you could
change color 6 from yellow to blue.
To make a color darker or lighter, select a higher or
lower intensity value.
You can also change the amount of red, green, or blue in a selected color
by changing the percentage "counters" in the lower left comer of the dialog. Use the Backspace key to delete the current setting and enter your
new setting. The chart on the following page shows some basic settings
.
and their results.
14-10
GEM Desktop
Camera Preferences
Red
Green
Blue
Result
100%
0%
0%
Pure Red
0%
0%
100%
Pure Blue
0%
00/0
0%
Black
100%
100%
100%
White
You create new colors by specifying percentages of red, green, and blue.
However, the existing Basic color and Intensity settings may become irrelevant since they are based on standard values. Also, since cameras
and films vary, you may have to experiment to get the exact colors you
want.
14-11
Index
A
.APP type, 7-3, 7-6
Applications, 7-1
configure, 7-5
DOS, 7-1
GEM, 7-2
icon, 6-2
name, 7-3
remove configuration, 7-8
save configuration, 7-8
start, 7-4
type, 7-3, 7-7
Arrange Menu, 9-4
ASCII files, 7-14, 10-4
Auto display mode (GEM Output), 10-2,
14-2
AUTOEXEC.BAT, 7-9
B
Background printing~ 7-14
.BAT type, 7-3, 7-6
Batch mode, 10-2
c
Calculator, 7-11
Click, 3-4
Clock, 7-13
Close box, 4-4
COM type, 7-3, 7-6
Commands (GEM Desktop), 9-1
Configure application, 9-3
Delete, 5-5, 9-2
Desktop info, 9-5
Enter DOS commands, 9-3
Format, 9-2, 9-7
Info/Rename, 9-2, 9-6
Install disk drive, 3-3, 9-3, 9-8
Open, 9-2, 9-6
Quit, 9-2
Save desktop, 9-3, 9-11
Set preferences, 9-3, 9-9
Show as icons, 9-4, 9-12
Show as text, 9-4, 9-12
Sort by date, 9-4, 9-14
Sort by name, 9-4, 9-13
Sort by size, 9-4, 9-14
Sort by type, 9-4, 9-13
To Output, 9-2
Commands (GEM Output), 13-2 - 13-5
Configure application command, 6-3,
7-5, 9-3
Confirm copies?, 9-9
Confirm deletes?, 9-9
Confirm overwrites?, 9-10
Copying
folders, 5-3
icons, 3-8, 6-3
multiple icons, 3-8
COpy FOLDERS / ITEMS dialog, 3-8,
6-3, 9-9
Creating folders, 5-1
GEM Desktop·
Index
D
Data entry fields, 8-3
De-selecting icons, 3-4, 3-6 - 3-7
Delete command, 5-5, 9-2
Deleting folders, 5-5
Deleting icons, 3-10, 5-5
DELETE FOLDERS / ITEMS dialog, 9-9
Desk accessories, 7-10, 9-5
calculator, 7-11
clock, 7-13
print spooler, 7-13
Desktop info command, 9-5
DESKTOP Menu, 9-5
Device icons, 11-4
Dialogs, 8-1
COPY FOLDERS / ITEMS, 3-8, 6-3,
9-9
data entry type, 8-3
DELETE FOLDERS / ITEMS, 9-9
DISK INFORMATION, 9-6
FOLDER INFORMATION, 9-7
icons, 8-3
information type, 8-2
ITEM INFORMATION / RENAME, 6-5,
9-7
ITEM SELECTOR, 12-9
keystroke table, 8-5
NAME CONFLICT DURING COPY, 6-4
OPEN APPLICATION, 7-4 - 7-5
SET PREFERENCES, 9-9
Directories, 5-1
See also "Folders"
Index-2
Disk drives
icon, 3-3, 6-1
identifier, 6-1, 6-4, 9-8
label, 6-1, 9-8
name, 6-4
remove, 9-8
type, 9-8
DISK INFORMATION dialog, 9-6
Disk size, 4-5
Displaying menus, 3-9
Documents
adding names (GEM Output), 12-6
duplicating names (GEM Output),
12-7
icon, 6-2
'LIS-type, 11-1
moving names (GEM Output), 12-7
name, 7-3
output selection, 12-5
preselecting (GEM Output), 12-5
removing names (GEM Output), 12-7
type, 7-3, 7-7
DOS applications, 7-1
Double-click, 3-4 - 3-5
Double-click speed, 9-10
Drag, 3-4 - 3-5, 3-8
Drop-down menu control, 9-10
E
Enter DOS commands command, 9-3
.EXE type, 7-3, 7-6
Exit buttons, 8-1
GEM Desktop
F
File Menu, 9-2
Folders, 5-1
copy, 5-3
create, 5-1
delete, 5-5
delete icon, 5-5
icon, 6-1
insert icon, 5-4
inside folder, 5-2
limits, 5-3
order of icons, 6-1
rename, 5-5
size, 4-5
FOLDER INFORMATION dialog, 9-7
Format command, 9-2, 9-7
Full box, 4-4
G
GEM applications, 7-2
GEM Desktop
floppy disk startup, 2-2
hard disk startup, 2-2
starting, 2-1
GEM DESKTOP disk, 2-2
GEM Output, 10-1
acceptable document types, 10-3
auto display mode, 10-2
batch mode, 10-2
demonstration, ~ 1-2
document selection, 12-5
output list, 12-1
printing extra copies, 12-4
Index
size box, 12-3
starting, 11-1
tool kit, 12-3
GEM Setup, 10-1
GEM STARTUP disk, 2-2
GEM.BAT, 2-1, 7-9
GEMAPPS folder, 7-9, 10-1
GEMDESK folder, 7-9
GEMSYS folder, 7-9
Global command, 10-3
Global Menu, 14-1
I
Icons, 6-1
application, 6-2
copy, 3-8, 6-3
copy mUltiple, 3-8
de-select, 3-4, 3-6 - 3-7
delete, 3-10, 5-5
disk drive, 6-1
document, 6-2
folder, 6.;1
in folder, 5-4
open, 3-5
rename, 3-9
select, 3-4
select mUltiple, 3-5, 3-7
type, 6-2, 7-8
Info/Rename command, 6-5, 9-2, 9-6
Install disk drive command, 3-3, 6-1,
9-3, 9-8
INSTALL.APP, 7-6
ITEM IrFORMATION / RENAME dialog,
6-5, 9-7
Index-3
GEM Desktop
Index
ITEM SELECTOR, 12-6, 12-8 - 12-9
Directory line, 12-10
directory window, 12-12
Selection line, 12-12
K
Keyboard
using instead of mouse, 3-3
L
.LIS changes, 14-2
LIS-type document, 11-1, 12-8
M
Menu Bar, 9-1
Menus (GEM Desktop), 9-1
Arrange, 9-4
DESKTOP, 9-5
displaying, 3-9
File, 9-2
Options, 9-3
Menus (GEM Output), 13-1
File, 13-2
Global, 13-3
OUTPUT, 13-5
Preferences, 13-3 - 13-4
Mouse, 3-3
Index-4
N
NAME CONFLICT DURING COPY
dialog, 6-4
Needs full memory?, 7-7
New command, 12-6
NEW FOLDER dialog, 5-2
New Folder icon, 5-1 - 5-2
Non-graphic documents, 7-14
o
Open command, 7-4, 9-2, 9-6
Opening icons, 3-5
OPEN APPLICATION dialog, 7-4 - 7-5
Options Menu, 9-3
Output lists, 12-1
opening, 12-8
saving, 12-7
selecting all documents, 12-6
OUTPUT.APP icon, 10-1
p
Pointer, 3-3
Preferences Menu, 14-1, 14-3
Printing pages (GEM Output), 14-2
Print queue, 7-13 - 7-14
Print Spooler, 7-13 - 7-14
adding to, 7-14
deleting from, 7-14
Printer Preferences, 14-5
PrintiQg documents, 10-1
GEM Desktop
Q
Queue, 7-14
Quit command, 9-2
R
Removing application configuration, 7-8
Removing disk drive, 9-8
Renaming
disk drives, 6-4
documents, 6-5
folders, 5-5
icons, 3-9
Root directory, 5-1, 7-9
Rubber rectangle, 3-5
s
Saving application configuration, 7-8
Saving output lists, 12-7
Save as command, 12-8
Save desktop command, 7-8, 9-3, 9-8,
9-11
Screen Preferences, 14-3
Scrolling , 4-4 - 4-6
Search path, 7-5, 7-9
Selecting icons, 3-4 - 3-5, 3-7
Selecting pages for printing, 14-2
Set preferences command, 3-5, 9-3, 9-9
SET PREFERENCES dialog, 9-9
Index
Shift-click, 3-4, 3-7
Shortcuts, 9-1
Show as icons command, 9-4, 9-12
Show as text command, 9-4, 9-12
Size box, 12-3
Slider, 4-5
position, 4-6
size, 4-5
Sort by date command, 9-4, 9-14
Sort by name command, 9-4, 9-13
Sort by size command, 9-4, 9-14
Sort by type command, 9-4, 9-13
Spooler, 7-14
Subdirectories, 5-1
Suspended printing, 7-14
T
Title bar, 4-1
To drop down menus, 9-10
To Output command, 9-2, 11-1
Tool kit, 12-3
w
Wildcards, 12-11
Window, 4-1
close box, 4-4
full box, 4-4
scrolling, 4-4 - 4-6
title bar, 4-1
Index-5
Keyboard Equivalents to
Mouse Techniques
Click
Press and release Home key.
Double-click
Press and release Home key twice, quickly.
Drag
1. Press and release End key.
2. Use arrow keys to move pointer.
3. When finished dragging, press Home key.
Sh ift-click
1. Use arrow keys to place pointer on first icon you
want to select.
2. Press and release Home key to select icon.
~Th~
~+~
3. Use arrow keys to move pointer to next icon you
want to select.
4. Press Shift and Home keys to select icon.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to select any additional
icons.
If arrow keys do not move the pOinter, press the
etrl key and try again.
Dialog Editing Techniques
Moves text cursor left one character without.
deleting.*
Moves text cursor right one character without
deleting.*
(fI')~
~-OR-~
Moves text cursor to next field in which you can
enter or change information. *
Moves text cursor to previous field in which you
can enter or change information. *
Deletes character to right of text cursor. *
Deletes character to left of text cursor. *
Erases all characters in field where text cursor
is located.
II"
_
Effect is continuous if key is held down.
Trademarks
GEM, GEM Desktop, and GEM Output are trademarks of Digital Research Inc.
GEM/3 Release Note
Release 3.1
October 1989
Digital Research Inc.
5153-1001-002
Copyright © 1988, 1989 Digital Research Inc. All rights reserved. Digital Research and
GEM are registered trademarks of Digital Research Inc., and GEM 1st Word Plus, GEM
Desktop, GEM Desktop Publisher, GEM Paint, and GEM Artline are trademarks of Digital
Research Inc. Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. Ventura Publisher is
a registered trademark of Ventura Software, Inc. PostScript is a registered trademark of
Adobe Systems Inc. Hewlett-Packard and LaserJet are registered trademarks of
Hewlett-Packard Corporation. Bitstream is a registered trademark and Fontware is a
trademark of Bitstream, Inc.
GEM/3 Release Note
The information that follows was not available when the GEM~/3
Release 3.1 documentation went to press. The updated information includes:
• General information
• GEM Setup
•
Hewlett-Packard~ LaserJet~
printers
• Dual-floppy disk computers
• GEM Output
• Ventura Publishe~
Note: The GEM/3 System Master Disk may include a README.DOC file
that contains important information not in the documentation or this
release note. You can display README.DOC on the screen by using the
DOS TYPE command and print it by using the DOS PRINT command or
the GEM Output program.
General Information
Printer Configuration Files
Printer configuration files for PostScrip~ and LaserJet printers (.CNF)
now accompany the printer drivers and must be located in the
\GEMAPPS\GEMSYS subdirectory (folder). If they are not in
\GEMAPPS\GEMSYS, your output can be affected adversely-for example, the printer may produce incorrect margins or may not be able to
find your printer fonts. The GEM Setup program normally handles, this
for you automatically.
Release 3.1
3
GEM/3 Release Note
Image Files and Screen Resolution
If you use an image file created on another system (for example, a GEM
Paint illustration on an EGA monitor) in a GEM application, the image
may appear slightly distorted, vertically or horizontally, when displayed
on your system. The.distortion is caused by a difference in screen resolution of the two systems. If the screen resolution of the two systems is different, the GEM application may display the image with one or more
rows of pixels added or deleted. (Pixels are the rows/columns of dots that
make up the screen image.)
The imported file is not affected unless you save it under the new screen
resolution. The file is saved with the resolution of the system on which it
is currently displayed. You can avoid undesirable resolution changes by
working with image files under a single resolution such as EGA or VGA.
GEM Setup
During GEM Setup you can press < Esc> to cancel a selection. However,
if you select a device to remove from your setup and then change your
mind, you must quit and restart GEM Setup before selecting another
device to remove. If you select another device without first quitting and
restarting, both devices are removed.
Hewlett-Packard Laser Printers
The font information that follows pertains to the printers listed below:
• HP LaserJ et
• LaserJet PLUS
• LaserJet II series
• 100% HP LaserJet compatible printers
4
October 1989
GEM/3 Release Note
GEM/3 Release 3.1 uses soft fonts and bit-mapped fonts for printing text
on LaserJet printers. Soft fonts offer faster printing of text pages but
have some restrictions (see below). Printer drivers for printing bitmapped fonts are available in a device driver pack that can be purchased
separately from Digital Research. (External font cartridges and built-in
fonts are not used by GEM applications except GEM 1st Word Plus™.)
If you intend to use GEM/3 with applications other than GEM Artline ™
GEM PaintTM, and GEM 1st Word Plus, you can use the printer driver for
the application or the GEM/3 driver.
If you use the GEM/3 soft font driver, you must use Fontware ™(included
with GEM/3) to generate soft fonts before you can print text.
In addition, soft fonts:
• Cannot be obscured, partially or completely, by an object.
• Must be black-on-white (no white text on a black background).
• Must match exactly the required style and point sizes, for example, 12point Dutch italic.
• Require a har~ disk.
• Print in portrait orlandscape orientation, but cannot both be printed
on the same page. (The bit-map printer drivers can print both portrait
and landscape fonts on the same page.)
Please refer to the Fontware Installation Guide for more information.
Dual-Floppy Disk Computers
Note: The following information does not apply to hard-disk computers.
GEM/3 can be installed and run on a system that consists of two floppy
disk drives. GEM Setup detects that your system does not include a hard
disk and prompts you to create a set of fldppy disks from the GEM/3
masters. However, the GEM Desktop floRPY disk that is created may not
Release 3.1
5
GEM/3 Release Note
have sufficient space to hold all the necessary files, depending on the
printer you select.
While you are running GEM Setup, a message is displayed that GEM
Setup cannot copy one or more files to the GEM Desktop disk. Since the
files are invariably printer font files, you lose the ability to print those
fonts. You can include the fonts by taking the following steps:
1. When GEM Setup reports that it cannot copy one or more files, make a
note of the last three characters in the file names that are listed. For
example, for AI360GBP.EPS you need to note the letters EPS. Note
also the name and number of the disk in Drive A.
2. After GEM Setup is finished, use the DISKCOPY command to make a
copy of the GEM Desktop disk that you created. For example:
DISKCOPY A: B:
copies all the files on the floppy disk in Drive A to the floppy disk in
Drive B. (See your DOS documentation for details of the DISKCOPY
command if you are unfamiliar with it.)
Label the copy NGEM Print Disk."
3. Delete files that are on the Desktop disk from the GEM Print Disk. Insert the GEM Print Disk in Drive B and enter the following command:
DEL B:\GEMAPPS\GEMSYS\DESK*.*
All files whose name begins with DESK are deleted from the GEM
Print Disk.
4. Now you can add the missing font files to the GEM Print Disk. Insert
the disk whose name and number you noted in Step 1 (for example,
GEM/3 Printer Disk #2) into Drive A (leave the GEM Print Disk in
Drive B). Enter the appropriate COpy command. For example, if the
missing files have the extension .EPS the correct command is:
COpy A:\*.EPS B:\GEMAPPS\FONTS
6
October 1989
GEM/3 Release Note
Printing from Your GEM Print Disk
Printing from GEM/3 is done by accessing Output from GEM Desktop
You can start Output from GEM Desktop as described in the GEM
Desktop User's Guide. Although Output can also be started directly from
many applications on hard disk systems, on a dual-floppy system, you
must start Output from GEM Desktop.
TM.
1. Before starting, remove the GEM Desktop disk from Drive A and
replace it with the GEM Print Disk.
2. Use Output to print your document.
When you quit Output, you are prompted to remove the GEM Print Disk
from Drive A and replace it with the GEM Desktop disk.
GEM Output
The following changes have been made in the GEM Output program:
• Fill pattern rotation
• Paper Size dialog (PRINTER PREFERENCES)
• Page dialog (PRINTER PREFERENCES)
Fill Pattern Rotation
GEM Output now automatically rotates fill patterns to print accurately in
landscape orientation.
Paper Size Dialog
The "Paper size" dialog (Paper Size command in the Preferences menu for
printers and plotters) now allows you to specify a custom paper size for
output.
Release 3.1
7
GEM/3 Release Note
~
HI> Lase,..
PRINTER PREFERENCES: Paper size
300
Units:
letter ( B.SOx11.00)
I Centiflleters I
Inches
Legal ( B. SOx14. 00) I
Hal f ( 8. SOx 5. SO) I
Ledger (11. 00x17. 00) I
Broad (18. 00x24. 90') I
Wide (14. 00x11. 00) I
A4 ( 8. 27x11. 69) I
BS ( 7. 17x 9.84) I
WIDTH
HEIGHT
OK
I Cancel I
To set a custom paper size, click on the Custom button and then set the
page width and height with the slider bars under the button. The minimum width/height setting is 2 inches; the maximum is 25inches (5 to 65
centimeters). You can change values by:
• Moving the slider-point to the slider box and, holding the mouse
button down, move the pointer left (decrease) or right (increase).
Clicking on the bar increases or decreases the value by half an inch (or
0.5 centimeters, if that is the selected unit of measure).
• Clicking on the left or right arrow of the appropriate slider increases
or decreases the value by 0.01 inch or 0.01 centimeter.
The "Paper size" dialog is discussed in detail in the GEM/3 Desktop User's
Guide.
8
October 1989
GEM/3 Release Note
Page Preferences Dialog
I;g;j
pc .... &1"
PRINTER PREFERENCES: Page
.'"111
Scale:
/ Scale to one page
Position:
I
. ; .;:";:. :os::;.;:a:. =i; ;.c_ _-..I
L . . /_ _
T~
"'. I-I·".
Bottol'l
OK
I (ancel I
The Page dialog (page command in the Preferences menu for printers and
plotters) no longer allows you to insert final form feed.
In addition, the dialog has replaced the "True size" and "Make fit" scaling
options with three options:
Release 3.1
Crop to one page
Maintains the image and/or text in actual
size and centered on a single page. Any portion that does not fit on the page is cropped
(not printed-the image/text remains unchanged in the file).
Scale to one page
Enlarges or reduces the image/text to fit on
one full page-equivalent to the former
"Make fit" choice. The "Position" indicator
at the left bottom of the dialog is used with
this option.
Mosaic
Maintains the image/text in actual size and
prints as many pages as necessary to complete the total image/text. You can use this
option to print oversize pages in segments
on several sheets and then attach the segments to form the whole.
9
GEM/3 Release Note
Ventura Publisher
The following information pertains to:
• Ventura 1.1 conversion
• Screen driver compatibility
• Font compatibility
Ventura 1.1 Conversion
GEM 3.1 supports applications, such as GEM Artline, that produce illustrations containing Bezier curves. Release 2.0 of Ventura can display
and print the curves but Release 1.1 cannot. In a default Ventura 1.1 installation, Bezier curves in GEM Artline illustrations appear as straight
line segments instead of smooth curves.
To upgrade your Ventura 1.1 system to accept Bezier curves, run the
VCONY.EXE program located on Printer Disk #1. VCONV can be run
from the floppy disk or you can copy it to your hard disk. To run the conversion, enter VCONV on the DOS command line of the root directory.
Note: You cannot use Ventura 2.0 drivers with Release 1.1 to obtain
Bezier curves-you must upgrade Ventura 1.1 with the VCONV program.
When you run VCONY.EXE, the following steps are taken:
• The Ventura printer drivers are renamed-PD_drivername to
XX_drivername. If the PostScript auxiliary file PS2.PRE is present, it is
renamed to PS2.XXX.
• The GEM screen and printer drivers are copied, as well as GEMVDI,
to the \ VENTURA directory. GEM files PS2.PRE and PRTRERR.STR
are copied from \GEMAPPS\GEMSYS to \ VENTURA.
• If there is a POSTSCRT.CNF file in \VENTURA, a copy is made and
renamed as PST.CNF. If there is an HPLJPLUS.CNF, two copies are
made and renamed HPH.CNF and HPU.CNF.
10
October 1989
GEM/3 Release Note
To run the upgraded version of Ventura, enter VPX on the command line.
Ventura can then process Bezier curves correctly. If you enter VP, you
can still run Ventura but Bezier curves are not rendered correctly.
Restoring Ventura 1.1
To restore your Ventura 1.1 system to its original state:
1. Delete the newly created GEM printer driver files PD_drivernarrie.
2. Rename the XX_drivername printer drivers back to PD_drivername.
3. Rename PS2.XXX to its original name, PS2.PRE.
4. The newly created files HPH.CNF, HPU.CNF, PST.CNF, GEMVDI.EXE,
and the GEM screen drivers SD???9.??? may be deleted if desired.
Screen Driver Compatibility
Ventura 2.0 and 1.1 screen drivers have two limitations on their compatibility:
• Using Release 2.0 drivers with Release 1.1 does not give you Bezier
capability.
• The VCONV conversion applies only to GEM 3.1 drivers installed by
GEM Setup. It may not work on third-party Ventura 1.1 drivers.
Creating Soft Fonts for Ventura Publisher
You can use the version of Fontware that is included with your GEM application to create soft fonts for use with Ventura Publisher. If you do,
however, be aware of the following:
• If you merge OUTPUT. WID with a width table created by Fontware,
you may see an alert telling you that you are merging width tables for
different devices. (The Ventura driver calls the printer"HP LJ +,300
Release 3.1
11
GEM/3 Release Note
dpi" and the GEM/3 driver calls it "HP LaserJet+, 300 dpi." They are
both the HP LaserJet PLUS.)
As long as the fonts you have made are truly for the LaserJet PLUS,
you can click on the alert's Ignore button and allow Ventura to complete the merge.
• If you merge the Swiss and Dutch fonts created by the default Ventura installation with fonts created with GEM Fontware, you will encounter the following differences in character positions:
GEM
-155
-157
-178
-179
Ventura
0
¢
0
¥
¥
0
¢
0
For example, if you insert -155 into your document, 0 appears
on your display and ¢ on your printed output. If you use GEM
Fontware fonts, 0 appears both on the screen and in printed output.
Note: To enter ASCII characters, hold down and enter the
decimal equivalent with the numeric keypad. (The number keys at
the top of the keyboard do not work for entering ASCII characters
with the key.)
12
October 1989
T~
Fontware ™ Installation Guide
[!ID DIGITAL
RESEARCH®
This document is based on the Bitstream®document
Eontware Installatjon Kit User's Guide
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1988 Digital Research Inc and Bitstream Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into
any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Digital
Research Inc., 70 Garden Court, Box DRI, Monterey, California 93942.
DISCLAIMER
DIGITAL RESEARCH INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO
THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Further, Digital Research Inc.
reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content
hereof without obligation of Digital Research Inc. to notify any person of such revision or changes.
NOTICE TO USER
This manual should not be construed as any representation or warranty with respect to the software
named herein. Occasionally changes or variations exist in the software that are not reflected in the
manual. Generally, if such changes or variations are known to exist and to affect the product significantly, a release note or README. DOC file accompanies the manual and distribution disk(s).
In that event, be sure to read the release note or README. DOC file before using the product.
TRADEMARKS
Digital Research, its logo, and GEM are registered trademarks, and GEM Presentation Team, GEM
Draw Plus, GEM Desktop, GEM Graph, GEM WordChart, GEM Draw Business Library, GEM Desktop Publisher, GEM 1st Word Plus, DOS Plus, and Concurrent are trademarks of Digital Research
Inc. Bitstream is a registered trademark and Fontware and Bitstream Charter are trademarks of
Bitstream Inc. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Apple and LaserWriter
are registered trademarks, and LaserWriter Plus is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. AT&T is
a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph. Epson is a registered trademark of
Seiko Epson Corporation. Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technologies. HewlettPackard and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. IBM and Personal System/2 are registered trademarks and PC/XT, PC/AT, VGA, and Proprinter are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation. LOGITECH is a trademark of Logitech, Inc. The
GENIUS is a registered trademark of Micro Display Systems, Inc. Microsoft and MS-DOS are
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Mouse Systems is a trademark of MSC Technologies, Inc. Quadram is a registered trademark and Prosync is a trademark of Quadram Corporation. SummaMouse, SummaSketch, and Summagraphics are registered trademarks of
Summagraphics Corporation. Manager Mouse is a registered trademark of the Torrington Company. Toshiba is a registered trademark of Toshiba Corporation. Ventura Publisher is a registered
trademark of Ventura Software, Inc. Wyse is a registered trademark of Wyse Technology, Inc.
Xerox is a registered trademark and 4020 is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. TI is a registered
trademark and Omni 800 is a trademark of Texas Instruments. Vega Deluxe is a trademark of Video
Seven, Incorporated.
Broadway, Brush Script, Century Schoolbook, Cloister Black, Cooper Black, Goudy Oldstyle, Hobo, and News Gothic are registered trademarks of Kingsley-ATF Type Corporation. Futura and
Serifa are registered trademarks of Fundicion Typografica Neufville SA ITC Avant Garde Gothic,
ITC Bookman, ITC Galliard, ITC Garamond, ITC Korinna, ITC Souvenir and ITC Zapf Chancery are
registered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. Blippo is a registered trademark of
FotoStar International. Windsor is a registered trademark of Stephenson Blake & Company, Ltd.
Other names are registered trademarks, trademarks, or tradenames of their respective owners.
Third Edition: Apri11988
Foreword
We1come to Bitstream~ Fontware TM for GEM~/3. The Fontware Installation Kit lets you create high-quality matching display and printer
fonts to use with your Digital Research~ GEM~ applications and Xerox~
Ventura Publisher Edition~, commonly referred to as ''Ventura.'' This kit
is supplied with typeface outlines from which you can generate fonts in
the sizes you need.
Once your fonts are made, you can start using them immediately, except
in applications that use printer font width tables, such as Ventura
Publisher and GEM~ Desktop Publisher™. To add your fonts for use with
Ventura, follow the instructions in Section 5 of this guide. To add your
new fonts for use with GEM Desktop Publisher, use the Font Merge
utility, which is supplied with the GEM Desktop Publisher Release 1.1
package. Preceding releases of Publisher do not include this utility. Contact your dealer for upgrade information.
Whafs In this Kit
In addition to this guide, your Fontware Installation Kit includes:
• two 5.25" disks (or one 3.5" disk) containing the Fontware installation
program and the Charter™ Roman typeface
• 3.5" disk version: one Fonts disk containing the Swiss and Dutch
typefaces
• 5.25" disk version: one disk containing the Swiss typefaces and
another containing the Dutch typefaces
• a Bitstream Fontware brochure, presenting the current library of available typefaces and suggestions for using typefaces
Other Fontware typefaces are available directly from Bitstream Inc. in
packages of at least one typeface. Refer to the Bitstream Fontware
brochure for information about the typefaces currently available in the
Fontware Library.
What You Need to Use Fontware
Fontware Installation Guide
What You Need to Use Fontware
You need the following items to make and install Fontware fonts:
• One or more Fontware typefaces. Each Fontware typeface package,
available separately, contains the source designs for at least one
typeface-often a family of typefaces in four styles.
• An IBM PC AT™, PC/XTTM, Personal System/2™ or compatible with at
least S12K bytes of memory, a hard (fixed) disk drive with approximately 900K bytes to store the Fontware Installation Kit, a high-density or
double-density disk drive, and a display monitor.
• MS-DOS or PC-DOS, version 2.1 or later.
• GEM/3 or GEM 3.01 system software installed on the hard disk.
• If you're using Ventura Publisher under GEM 3.01, it should already be
installed per the instructions in the GEM 3.01 Application Note supplied with this package.
Getting the Best Performance
You can optimize the performance of the installation kit by:
• installing a math coprocessor computer chip
• increasing the RAM available on your system to 640K bytes
ii
How to Use this Guide
Fontware Installation Guide
How to Use this Guide
If you're impatient to begin, read Section 1, "Getting Started." It tells you
how to install the Fontware Kit. Then follow the instructions on your display. If you need help, see Section 3, "Making Fonts."
To learn more about Fontware fonts, read Section 2, "Choosing Your
Fonts," then follow the instructions in Sections 1 and 3.
Section 4, "Ventura Publisher Font Installation," explains the steps needed
to install fonts for use with Ventura Publisher. Read this section before
making fonts.
Once you've made your fonts and are using them with your GEM applications, use the rest of this guide as a reference for font questions.
Assumptions
The presentation of information in this guide assumes that you are
familiar with basic procedures in the DOS operating environment. If you
have questions about DOS commands or the operation of your computer,
refer to your system's manual.
The guide also assumes that your computer is equipped with the components outlined in "What You Need to Use Fontware" above.
iii
Fontware Installation Guide
How to Use this Guide
Terminology
The term point means to press the up- or down-arrow key to highlight a
menu option.
The symbol ..J means "Press your computer's Enter (or Return) key."
Choose means to press ..J after pointing to an option.
Display means your screen or monitor.
Both kit and installation kit refer to the Fontware Installation Kit.
The caret symbol (A) represents your keyboard's Control key, usually
labeled Ctrl.
Function keys are enclosed in angle brackets, for example, .
iv
Contents
Foreword
What's In this Kit . . . . . .
What You Need to Use Fontware
Getting the Best Performance
How to Use this Guide
Assumptions
Terminology
.i
ii
ii
· iii
· . iii
· . iv
1 Getting Started
Setting Up
...... .
Specifying Your Display and Printer
Adding Fontware Typefaces . . . .
Starting a Kit That's Already Set Up
Getting Help
.......... .
Changing the Fontware Control Panel
Exiting Fontware
. . . . .
· 1-1
· . 1-3
· . 1-4
· 1-5
· . 1-5
· 1-6
· . 1-6
2 Choosing Your Fonts
What Is a Font?
Choosing Fonts
.
Which Devices Are You Using?
Printer Font Considerations
HP Softfonts
......... .
GEM Bit-Mapped Fonts
... .
PostScript Fonts . . . .
Display Font Considerations
How Many Fonts Do You Need?
Typestyles . . . . . . .
Sizes . . . . . . . . .
Zoom Factors for Displays
Disk Space Availability
How Long Will It Take to Make the Fonts?
.
.
·
· . .
. . .
. • .
.
.
.
. . 2-1
. . 2-1
. . 2-2
· 2-2
·
•
•
•
•
• 2-3
·
· . . . . .
· . • . . . .
·
. . .
·
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-5
. 2-6
· . . . . . . 2-7
·
.
.
.
• . .
• • .
.
.
• 2-8
. 2-8
Contents
Fontware Installation Guide
3 Making Fonts
Making Printer Fonts . . . . . . . . .
Making Display Fonts
......... .
Making Matched Display and Printer Fonts
3-2
3-4
3-5
4 Ventura Publisher Font Installation
Verifying Display Fonts in Ventura
Making New Ventura Printer Fonts
Loading New Fonts in Ventura
Merging Ventura Width Tables
4-1
4-1
4-2
4-3
5 Fontware File Management
Identifying Font Files . .
Font File Extensions
Display Font Extensions
Printer Font Extensions
Non-PostScript Fonts
PostScript Printer Fonts
Storing Fonts on Floppy Disks
.... .
Removing Fontware Typefaces
....... .
Fonts Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting the Fontware Directory
. . . .
6 Troubleshooting
A GEM International Character Set
B Typeface Key
C Device Key
D Fontware Installation Kit Messages
vi
5-1
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
Section 1
Getting Started
This section explains how to set up the Fontware Installation Kit on
your hard disk and how to add typefaces. Adding a typeface copies its
outline onto the hard disk. Fontware uses typeface outlines to make
fonts. Copying the outline onto the hard disk makes it available for
generating the font files that GEM uses to print and display text in that
typeface.
These are the major steps for installing fonts:
1. Set Up Fontware to copy the installation kit onto your hard disk
and specify your screen and printer types.
2. Add Typefaces to copy typeface outlines onto your hard disk.
3. Make Fonts to generate GEM font files from these outlines.
Topics discussed in this section include:
• setting up
• adding Fontware typefaces
• starting a Fontware Kit that's already set up
• getting help
• changing the Fontware Control Panel
• exiting the kit
Setting Up
Before you set up the installation kit on your system:
• Make sure that the GEM® Desktop
TM
is installed on your hard disk.
• Check to see if you have a file named README.DOC on Disk 1 of the installation kit. Using a word processor or text editor, read this file and
follow its instructions. You can also TYPE or PRINT the file from the
DOS command line, or print it with GEM Output.
Fontware Installation Guide
Setting Up
When you're ready,
1. Move to your operating system command line.
2. When you see the DOS prompt, (C:\), insert Disk 1 of the installation
kit into drive A.
3. Type:
A: FONTWARE
..J
The copyright notice and Bitstream Fontware banner appear on your
display.
The program asks whether the Fontware banner is displayed in one or
two colors. Your answer to this question tells the installation kit
whether you have a color or monochrome monitor. Type Y or N
accordingly.
The Fontware Main Menu appears on your display:
Fontware Main Menu
Op tions
---- --
Set Up Fontware
View Control Panel
Add/Delete Fontware Typefaces
M::!ke
F()nt~
Messages
-------Action
Help
1-2
r--
Guides you through first-time setup of your Fontware program.
":r"
":,""
I lUI..
Fontware Installation Guide
Setting Up
4. Press..J to choose the Set Up Fontware option, which is highlighted.
The Fontware Control Panel is displayed.
You can change the information in the Control Panel any time you use
the Fontware Installation Kit.
5. The options window displays the default directories for:
- the Fontware Kit and Fontware typefaces
(C:\GEMAPPS\FONTWARE)
- your fonts (C:\GEMAPPS\FONTS)
Press ..J after each directory name or type the full pathnames of the
directories you want to use. Make sure to place the directories you
choose within \GEMAPPS.
6. Type y to install the Fontware Installation Kit.
The kit copies program information into your Fontware directory. If
you are using S.2S-inch disks, when the kit prompts you, insert Disk 2
of the installation kit. When the kit finishes copying, you are ready to
specify your display and printer types.
Specifying Your Display and Printer
This step enables Fontware to generate the appropriate font files for
each device. The Fontware Control Panel is displayed; it contains the
Display Model selection panel.
1. Point to the name of the display graphics adapter for your display
fonts and press ..J.
If your device is not listed, choose one that has the same resolution as
yours.
If you aren't making fonts for your display, choose none.
2. "GEM International character set" is highlighted. Press..J to select it.
1-3
Adding Fontware Typefaces
Fontware Installation Guide
3. To indicate the type of printer fonts you want made, point to the name
of your printer type and press -1.
If your printer is not listed, choose one that has the same resolution as
your printer.
4. Choose the character set to be used for your printer. If you're installing Helwett-Packard® Softfonts, select "GEM Character Set for HP
Softfonts." Otherwise, choose "GEM International character set."
Click on the character set name and press -1 to make the selection.
5. If you are satisfied with your choices, press . To go back and
change an entry, press .
Once the Control Panel is complete, the installation kit displays the Make
Fonts Menu. The Bitstream Charter typeface is displayed in the Typefaces
Available panel. You can either make fonts for this typeface or add other
typefaces.
Adding Fontware Typefaces
To add typefaces, first return to the Main Menu. Then follow these steps:
1. Move the cursor to Add/Delete Typefaces and press -1.
2. Press when you see the Fontware Typefaces Menu.
3. Insert Disk 1 of a Fontware typeface package into drive A and
press -1. A pop-up menu of the typefaces appears on your display.
4. Point to a typeface you want and press -1. An arrow appears to the
left of the typeface. Repeat this step for each typeface you add.
5. Press . The kit begins copying the typefaces onto your hard
disk.
6. If the kit prompts you, insert Disk 2 of the typeface package into drive
A and press -1. Usually, Disk 2 is necessary only if you are making
fonts for a PostScript:® printer.
1-4
Starting a Kit That's Already Set Up
Fontware Installation Guide
Starting a Kit That's Already Set Up
If the Fontware Installation Kit is set up already on your hard disk, you
can run Fontware from either the GEM Desktop or the DOS command
line. Since running Fontware from the Desktop requires more of your
computer's memory (RAM), we recommend using this method only on
systems with 512K or more RAM, and only to generate a few fonts. If
you're making several fonts or very large point sizes, you should run
Fontware from the operating system command line.
To start Fontware from the GEM Desktop:
1. Place the pointer on the FONTWARE folder and double-click. This
displays the contents of the folder.
2. Double-click on the file icon labele.d FONTWARE.BAT. A dialog
appears requesting parameter information. None is needed, so click
on OK.
The Fontware banner is displayed, followed by the Main Menu.
To start Fontware from the operating system command line:
1. Change to the FONTWARE subdirectory. If you have included the
FONTWARE subdirectory in your search path, skip this step.
2. Type:
FONTWARE
~
The Fontware banner is displayed, followed by the Main Menu.
Getting Help
The message window in the lower half of each screen tells you your current options and suggests ways to proceed.
For a list of special keys and their functions, press the (Help) key
in the Fontware Make Fonts Menu, described in Section 3.
1-5
Changing the Fontware Control Panel
Fontware Installation Guide
I
\
Changing the Fontware Control Panel
You can change the Control Panel whenever you use the installation kit.
There are several reasons you might change this information-for example, because you changed the printer or display that you are using.
To change the Control Panel:
1. Point to View Control Panel in the Main Menu and press -.J.
2. Follow the instructions in the message window near the bottom of
your display.
Note: If you change to or from a PostScript printer, you need to re-install your typefaces. This is because the kit instal,ls a different set of font
definition files for PostScript and non-PostScript devices.
Exiting Fontware
To quit or exit the installation kit without making fonts, type:
"Q
The kit returns you to the operating system prompt.
You can also stop the installation kit while it is generating and installing
fonts. To do so, type:
"C
The fonts made before you interrupted font generation are listed in the
\GEMAPPS\FONTS directory. See Section 5 for instructions on identifying and interpreting font file names.
Note: If Fontware issues a "Disk full" message while you're adding
typefaces, exit Fontware. When you restart the program, the typefaces
added up to that point are listed in the Available Typefaces Menu.
1-6
Section 2
Choosing Your Fonts
you can save time and disk space by planning which fonts to make
before running the Fontware installation.
This section discusses:
• what a font is
• how to choose the fonts you need
• printer font considerations
• display font considerations
What Is a Font?
Fonts exist as files on your system. A Fontware font is a file containing a
set of characters in a specific size for a given model of printer or display
device. For example, a lO-point Swiss font for a Hewlett-Packard LaserJet
printer differs from a lO-point Swiss font for the IBM EGA screen driver.
You make font files using the installation kit and a Fontware typeface.
Each font you make has a typeface design such as Swiss italic and a set of
characters such as GEM International.
Choosing Fonts
To decide which fonts to make, consider the following questions:
• Which printer and display device will you be using?
• Which printer fonts will you be using?
• How many fonts do you need?
• Which type sizes do you need?
• How much disk space do you have for storing fonts?
• How much time will it take to make the fonts?
Which Devices Are You Using?
Fontware Installation Guide
Which Devices Are You Using?
You should know the model names of the printer and display for which
you are making fonts. Note that the name of your display type is not
necessarily the same as the name on your monitor. If you are unsure
which display device you have, consult your hardware documentation or
the person who installed your system.
Often, several different display monitors are controlled by the same
software, or screen driver. In GEM/3, devices are typed according to their
drivers, not necessarily according to their brand names.
The actual devices don't have to be connected to your system when you
run the installation kit.
Printer Font Considerations
Printer fonts are divided into three major types:
• HP Softfonts
• PostScript fonts (available from Bitstream, Adobe, and other developers)
• bit-mapped fonts (GEM Setup installs these automatically when you
add a printer supported by GEM/3 to your setup)
GEM software applications handle HP Softfonts and PostScript fonts differently from bit-mapped fonts. For HP and PostScript fonts, you need to
make each typestyle (Roman, Bold, Italic, and Bold Italic) in each font
that you make, or they will print as Roman characters. HP Softfont and
PostScript font considerations are outlined in following subsections.
2-2
Fontware Installation Guide
Printer Font Considerations
HP Softfonts
For each Softfont you make, Fontware automatically generates a file
having the extension .HFI. This file is an ASCII font description file.
From the operating system command line, you can TYPE this file to find
out typeface, style, and size information without deciphering the font file
name codes. Do not delete .HFI files as they are required by the GEM
software.
Font Substitution
GEM applications support Softfonts in Portrait mode only. GEM bitmapped fonts are used automatically whenever the exact Softfont is not
available. This may occur, for example, when you print text that has
been rotated horizontally on the page, when you use white text on a
colored background, or if you use the Best Fit print setting, which may
cause the text to be scaled.
If you intend to use Softfonts in Landscape mode, and you have a 300
dots-per-inch (DPI) printer, your \GEMAPPS\FONTS folder must contain
a corresponding GEM bit-mapped font (having the file extension .B30) in
each typeface and size you use, to enable bit-mapped font substitution. If
you installed a 150 DPI printer, you need to generate a corresponding
.HPH bit-mapped file in each typeface and size.
If you know that you'll use Softfonts in portrait mode only, you can delete
all but one .B30 or .HPH font file of any typeface and size from your
\GEMAPPS\FONTS folder. However, as a precaution, we recommend
leaving all of your GEM fonts intact. If after deleting them you find that
you need them, rerun GEM Setup or make them individually in Fontware.
If you install Softfonts but bit-mapped fonts are used even in Portrait
mode, you may have:
• exceeded the printer's memory
• exceeded the number of Softfonts allowed per page (see the limits
below)
• installed the fonts incorre'ctly
2-3
Printer Font Considerations
Fontware Installation Guide
The number of Softfonts that can be printed per page depends on the
printer and the amount of memory it contains, but typically will be:
• LaserJet: eight fonts/page
• LaserJet Plus: 16 fonts/page
• LaserJet Series II: 32 fonts/page
GEM Bit-Mapped Fonts
GEM Setup automatically installs the GEM bit-mapped Swiss and Dutch
fonts when you set up your device configuration at GEM/3 installation.
As installed by GEM Setup, the Swiss and Dutch Bold, Italic, and Bold
Italic typestyles are not true typestyles. For example, bolding is produced
at output by printing a character twice, the second time slightly offset
from the first.
When making bit-mapped fonts, you can save on disk space by making
each font in the Roman typestyle only The GEM software synthesizes
Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic from the Roman typeface if the true typestyle
is missing.
However, you may prefer to use true typestyles since they're of higher
quality than synthesized versions. Make each typestyle by selecting them
in the Fontware Make Fonts Menu. GEM applications automatically use
true typestyles if they're available in \GEMAPPS\FONTS.
PostScript Fonts
If you are installing PostScript fonts, you need not generate the printer
fonts that are resident in your printer. These include the Swiss and Dutch
fonts.
If you choose either the Swiss or Dutch typeface in the Make Fonts Menu,
you might see a message that says the font is unavailable for the printer.
It should say that the font already exists as a resident printer font.
2-4
Fontware Installation Guide
Display Font Considerations
In GEM Desktop Publisher, you do not need matching screen fonts.
Publisher displays an approximation of missing display fonts. Keep in
mind, however, that matching display fonts are required in other GEM
applications.
Display Font Considerations
You need to make display fonts that match your printer fonts. Without
them, the printed results of your documents would be unpredictable.
Also, since GEM applications provide enlarged and reduced views, you
need to consider view sizes, or zoom Jactors. These are explained in
"Zoom Factors for Displays" later in this section.
How Many Fonts Do You Need?
Most documents use no more than three or four typefaces. For example,
this manual uses Bitstream Charter for text, page "headers, and page numbers; Zapf Calligraphic for titles and headings; Swiss for text used in illustrations, section number headers, and copyrights text; Courier is used
to show user input.
When deciding how many fonts to make, keep in mind that each font you
add to your system slows the loading of your applications as well as the
printing of documents.
Typestyles
A typeface usually includes four related typestyles. For example, the
Swiss font includes Roman, Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic styles based on the
Swiss typeface design. Roman is sometimes called Normal.
2-5
How Many Fonts Do You Need?
Fontware Installation Guide
Sizes
The Fontware typefaces included for use with GEM/3 are proportionalthe character widths vary from one character to another. Certain Fontware typefaces, such as Courier, are monospace; the character widths are
all the same.
You request type sizes in the Installation Kit in units of points. One point
is equal to about 1/72 inch. The text you are reading is 10 points. If you
need a la-pitch monospace font (10 characters to the inch), request it as
12 points. If you need a 12-pitch monospace font (12 characters to the
inch), request it as 10 points.
The smallest printer font size you can make with the Installation Kit is 6
points. The largest point size you can make depends on the printer. For
a LaserJet® Plus™, the largest character is 36 points. For the LaserJet I1™,
the largest character is 72 points. For a dot matrix printer, the largest
character is 99 points, and for PostScript printers and compatibles, there
is no size limit. You may want to experiment to see which point size best
suits your needs. Check your printer's manual for any other size limitations.
Note: If you are using HP Softfonts, 36 is the largest point size you can
make, unless you are using an HP LaserJet II and GEM 3.01 system
software.
For displays, the largest character you can make is 72 points. For all
devices, except PostScript printers, the Fontware Make Fonts menu in the
installation kit lets you request point sizes using whole decimal numbers.
For example, 10, 16, and 20 points are all valid type sizes.
You don't need to enter sizes for PostScript fonts. Instead, you request
sizes when you use a GEM application. Your printer then scales the fonts
to size during printing.
Keep in mind that the GEM applications have varying point size limitations. These are listed in the GEM/3 README.DOC file on Disk 1 of your
GEM/3 Desktop package. They are also documented in each application
package.
2-6
Fontware Installation Guide
How Many Fonts Do You Need?
Zoom Factors for Displays
Applications such as GEM Desktop Publisher can display documents at
their actual size and at reduced and enlarged sizes. The amount of reduction or enlargement, sometimes called a zoom factor, is usually expressed
in percentages-for example, 50% or 200% of the actual size.
You can make display fonts for each zoom factor, but note that when you
make a given point size of a font, the GEM system software automatically
creates a point size twice that of the original. For example, if you make
the 7-point Dutch font, the software also generates 14-point Dutch.
This "doubling" affects the specific font requiremens and point size limitations of the various GEM applications. These limitations are outlined in
the README.DOC file on Disk 1 of your GEM Desktop package and in
each application's documentation.
Note that GEM Draw Plus and GEM Desktop Publisher use a scaling
method that takes the size of the page into account. To ensure that your
display reflects the printed results as closely as possible, always edit in
normal size ex 1 scale).
Once you have made the appropriate sizes, the application selects the
right one for your display. You need make only the actual size for your
printer.
If your disk space allows, we suggest that you make display fonts in the
following sizes for the normal style of any typeface: 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20,
24, 28, and 36 points. These sizes cover most of the zoom factors.
2-7
How Long Will It Take to Make the Fonts?
Fontware Installation Guide
Disk Space Availability
Fontware tells you how much disk space is needed to make your fonts
before it makes them. Here's an example of how much free storage space
you need on your hard disk: four Swiss Roman font files in four sizes6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-point in the GEM International character set, for the
HP LaserJet Plus printer, take about 27K bytes. The matching fonts for a
Hercules monochrome display take about 11K bytes.
If you plan to use several bit-mapped typefaces, we suggest that you do
not create Italic, Bold, or Bold Italic zoom fonts for your display. This
saves disk space and loading time for your GEM applications. GEM
device drivers create italic, bold and bold italic versions of fonts if the true
font style is unavailable. This option is not available for PostScript and
HP Softfonts.
Once your fonts are made, they are listed in the \GEMAPPS\FONTS
folder of your hard disk. See Section S for instructions on identifying and
interpreting the font file names.
Note: You can use the DIR or CHKDSK command in DOS to find out
how much free storage space you have, although the installation kit lets
you know if you have enough disk space before it makes your fonts.
How Long Will It Take to Make the Fonts?
The installation kit makes the fonts you request and updates the files on
your system so that your GEM applications can use the fonts. To make the
four fonts described above for the LaserJet Plus and a screen display takes
about 3S minutes on an IBM PC AT with S12K memory. If your system
has 640K memory and a math coprocessor, the same job takes about 18
minutes.
2-8
Section 3
Making Fonts
This section explains the procedure for making fonts, which typically,
you do in two major steps:
1. Make printer fonts.
2. Make matching and/or additional display fonts.
You can make additional display fonts to accomodate zoom factors-the
enlarged and reduced view functions of your GEM applications. See
"Zoom Factors for Displays" in Section 2.
If the Fontware Installation Kit is not already set up in a directory on your
hard disk, follow the instructions in Section 1, "Getting Started." If you
are not currently running the kit, follow the instructions for starting it in
Section 1, "Starting a Kit That's Already Set Up."
Making Printer Fonts
Fontware Installation Guide
Making Printer Fonts
First make sure that the Fontware Control Panel lists your printer and the
appropriate character set by choosing View Control Panel from the
Main Menu. Add any typefaces you need by choosing Add/Delete
Fontware Typefaces from the Main Menu.
When you're ready to make fonts, follow the instructions below.
1. Start from the Make Fonts Menu for the printer. Get there by choos-
ing Make Fonts from the Main Menu, or by pressing from
either the Fontware Typefaces Menu or the Control Panel.
The Make Fonts Menu lists the names of the Fontware typefaces on
your hard disk.
2. Point to a typeface and press ..J.
For PostScript printer fonts, this is all you do. When the word yes appears, select another typeface or skip to step 5. For all other printer
fonts, the kit highlights a bar in the Point Size Selection Menu next to
the typeface. A cursor blinks at the beginning of the bar.
The message window tells you the name of the typeface style. It also
recommends a minimum point size and suggests a way to use the
typeface in documents.
3. Type the sizes of the fonts you need. You can use either the number
keys at the top of the keyboard or the numeric keypad. Press the
spacebar to separate each size. When you're satisfied with the sizes,
press ..J.
If you change your mind, choose the typeface again and change the
sizes. The (Help) key tells you which editing keys are active.
4. (optional) Repeat steps 2 through 4, choosing a different Fontware
typeface. To repeat the list of sizes you entered last, press
(Paste) after you choose a typeface.
3-2
Making Printer Fonts
Fontware Installation Guide
5. (optional) Press for an estimate of the time needed to make all
the fonts you have requested so far. The kit also tells you if you have
enough disk space.
When you're satisfied with your printer font sizes, select fonts for your
display. See "Making Matched Display and Printer Fonts" later in this
section.
6. When you're ready to make your fonts, press . The kit displays
an estimate of the time needed to make the fonts. It also tells you if
you have enough disk space. If you don't have enough space, go back
to the Make Fonts Menu and delete font sizes. Then press
again.
7. When you're ready, press
Y.
Fontware generates your fonts.
When the kit finishes generating your fonts, you are ready to use them
within your GEM applications, with the exception of GEM Desktop
Publisher (Release 1.1 only). You need to add your new fonts for use
with Publisher using the GEM Desktop Publisher Font Merge utility. Instructions on using Font Merge are supplied with the GEM Desktop
Publisher Release 1.1 package.
3-3
Making Display Fonts
Fontware Installation Guide
Making Display Fonts
Make sure that the Fontware Control Panel lists your display and choice
of character sets by choosing View Control Panel from the Main Menu.
Add the Fontware typefaces you need by choosing Add/Delete
Fontware Typefaces from the Main Menu. When you're ready to make
display fonts, follow the instructions below.
1. Start from the Fontware Make Fonts Menu for the display. Get there
by choosing Make Fonts from the Main Menu, or by pressing
in either the Fontware Typefaces or Fontware Control Panel
Menu. If you selected a printer in the Control Panel, the Make Fonts
Menu for the printer appears on your screen. Press . The Make
Fonts Menu for your display appears on the screen.
The menu lists the names of the Fontware typefaces on your hard disk.
2. Point to a typeface and press ..J.
The kit highlights a bar in the Point Size Selection Menu next to the
typeface. A cursor blinks at the beginning of the bar.
3. Type the sizes of the fonts you need. You can request any sizes between 6 and 72 points, the current upper limit for GEM application
display fonts. You can use either the number keys at the top of the
keyboard or the numeric keypad to type in the sizes. Press the
spacebar to separate each size. When you're finished entering the
sizes, press ..J.
If you change your mind, choose the typeface again and edit the list of
sizes. The (Help) key tells you which editing keys are active.
4. (optional) Press for an estimate of the time and storage space
needed to make all of the fonts you have requested so far.
3-4
Making Display Fonts
Fontware Installation Guide
5. (optional) Repeat steps 2 through 4, choosing a different Fontware
typeface. To repeat the list of sizes you entered last, press
(Paste), after you choose a typeface.
6. When you)re finished specifying fonts, press . The kit displays
an estimate of the time needed to make the fonts. It also tells you if
you have enough disk space. If you don't have enough space, go back
to the Make Fonts Menu and delete sizes from the fonts. Then press
again.
7. When you're ready, press
Y.
The kit generates your fonts.
Making Matched Display and Printer Fonts
There are two ways to make display fonts that match your printer fonts.
You can match all of the printer font sizes specified for a given typeface,
or you can select individual display fonts in the Make Display Fonts
Menu. If you are making display fonts for PostScript printer fonts, you
can do the latter only.
The Make Fonts Menu for the printer is displayed .
• To copy all your printer font sizes for a typeface to the display fonts
Menu, press , then follow steps 4 through 7 in "Making Display
Fonts" above .
• To select individual point sizes for your display, press , then follow steps 3 through 7 in "Making Display Fonts" above.
3-5
Section 4
Ventura Publisher
Font Installation
This section discusses how to:
• verify display fonts for use in Ventura Publisher
• make new Ventura printer fonts
• merge printer font width tables
Verifying Display Fonts in Ventura
The display fonts you created with Fontware are ready to use in Ventura
Publisher. Choose Set Printer Info ... in the Options menu. Ventura displays the SET PRINTER INFO dialog.
Make sure that the Screen Fonts line in the dialog contains the correct file
name extension for your display device. These extensions are listed in
Section 5, "Identifying Display Fonts." If the extension is incorrect, type
the correct extension. This ensures that your fonts display correctly onscreen.
Making New Ventura Printer Fonts
Since the GEM International and Ventura font width tables differ, you
need to make new Ventura printer fonts for use under GEM 3.01 or later
releases. Unless you intend to use Ventura as a stand-alone application,
delete your old Ventura fonts to free up hard disk space.
Ventura requires that the Swiss and Dutch fonts be available in at least
one size (in la-point for non-PostScript printers). Therefore, be sure to
make them for your first font width table. For information about Ventura
font limitations, refer to your Ventura Publisher Edition Reference Guide.
Loading New Fonts in Ventura
Fontware Installation Guide
Loading New Fonts in Ventura
During font generation, Fontware automatically creates a Ventura-compatible width table for the fonts. The width table file has a .WID extension and is placed in the \GEMAPPS\FON1WARE directory. It contains
width and height information for each character in each printer font you
made. Ventura requires this information in order to print text documents
using these fonts.
The first time you make fonts for Ventura, you need only load the width
table in the program to use the fonts. If later you generate additional
fonts, you must merge their width tables with the existing width table, as
explained in the following section.
To load your first width table:
1. Enter Ventura.
2. Choose Set Printer Info in the Options menu. The SET PRINTER
INFO dialog is displayed.
3. Choose Load Different Width Table.
In the ITEM SELECTOR, change to the \GEMAPPS\FON1WARE directory, and choose the .WID file generated by Fontware. Width table
file names contain the printer name and a four-digit number. The
highest number indicates the most recently-generated width table.
4. Choose Add/Remove Fonts in the Options menu. Ventura displays
the ADD/REMOVE FONTS dialog. The width table name is displayed
to the right of the dialog title.
5. Choose Save As New Width Table and save the width table under
a new name.
Your printer fonts are now ready to use.
4-2
Fontware Installation Guide
Merging Ventura Width Tables
Merging Ventura Width Tables
Fontware creates a new width table every time you make fonts. This
means that when you make additional fonts, you must merge their width
tables with an existing, currently-used width table in Ventura.
Follow these steps:
1. Choose Add/Remove Fonts from the Options menu. Ventura displays the ADD/REMOVE FONTS dialog. The current width table name
is displayed to the right of dialog title.
2. As a precaution, choose Save As New Width Table and save the
width table under a new name. While this step is optional, it protects
the current width table.
3. Choose Merge Width Tables from the Command panel in the
dialog.
In the ITEM SELECTOR, change to the \GEMAPPS\FONTWARE\ directory, and choose the .WID file generated by Fontware. Width table file
names contain the printer name and a four-digit number. The highest
number indicates the most recently-generated width table.
Ventura adds the information in the new table to the existing table. It
then redisplays the ADD/REMOVE FONTS dialog, which now contains
your new typefaces, sizes, and styles.
You can remove any face, size, or style that you don't want by choosing them and clicking on Remove Selected Font.
7. When ready, .choose OK to save the new width table. Font installation
for Ventura is now complete.
Note: Adding new fonts for use with GEM Desktop Publisher requires
the GEM Desktop Publisher Font Merge utility. Instructions on using
Font Merge are supplied with the GEIVl Desktop Publisher package.
4-3
Section 5
Fontware File Management
Torecognize
manage the font files stored on your hard disk, you need to
and interpret the font file names.
This section discusses:
• identifying font files
• storing fonts on diskettes
• removing Fontware typefaces
• deleting the Fontware directory
Identifying Font Files
When it assigns names to the fonts it generates, the installation kit uses
either four- or eight-character names, plus a three-character extension.
The following, for example, are valid font file names:
cqgq.pfa
aklOOghp.sfp
ag080gbp.b30
GEM device drivers locate each font you request by interpreting information encoded in the font file.
Font File Extensions
The file extension, the three characters after the dot in a file name, identifies the device with which the font file is associated.
Fontware Installation Guide
Identifying Font Files
Display Font Extensions
Display font files have the extensions are listed below.
Extension
Indicates a display font for:
ega
AT&T and LaserWriter Plus®, PostScript
compatibles
sfp, hfi
Softfonts for LaserJet printers
elq
Epson LQ-series
x20
Xerox® 4020 TM
i24
IBM Quietwriter'"
Identifying Font Files
F'ontware Installation Guide
N on-PostScript Fonts
Font file names for displays and non-PostScript printers have the following format:
ttpppgdr.xxx
where
tt
is the typeface identifier
ppp
is a three-digit point size description
g
is the GEM character-set identifier
d
is a device class identifier
r
is the character 'p', a reserved position
xxx
is the file extension (see above)
For example, the file av210gfp.x20 is the Swiss Light Italic (av) 21-point
(210) font for the Xerox 4020 (indicated both by f and x20). For keys to
the typeface and device identifiers, see Appendices Band C, respectively.
PostScript Printer Fonts
PostScript font file names have this format:
ttgq·pfa
where
tt
is the typeface identifier
g
is the GEM International character set identifier
q
is the PostScript device class identifier
For example, the file gsgq.pfa is the Bitstream Charter Black PostScript
font. For keys to the typeface and device identifiers, see Appendices B
and C, respectively.
5-3
Storing Fonts on Floppy Disks
Fontware Installation Guide
Storing Fonts on Floppy Disks
If you frequently change your printer (or display), back up your fonts
onto floppy disks before changing your device setup in GEM Setup.
Removing a device with GEM Setup deletes the fonts associated with that
device from the \GEMAPPS\FONTS directory.
If you don't need the fonts right away, you can copy them from the
\GEMAPPS\FONTS directory on your hard disk to a floppy disk. Then
delete the fonts from the hard disk to make room for other files.
If you back up a document that uses Fontware fonts to a diskette, back up
the fonts as well. Then, if you need to, you can delete the documents, any
related GEM/3 files, and the fonts from your system. Later, you can restore everything to your system and print the document again.
Removing Fontware Typefaces
You can use the Add/Delete Fontware Typefaces option in Fontware
to remove typefaces from your system. If you want to remove the
typefaces from your system and still see a list of your typefaces in the
Fontware menus, follow these steps:
1. In DOS, change to the BCO subdirectory of your Fontware directory.
2. Delete files with the file name extension .BCO.
3. If you have a PostScript printer, change to the BEZ subdirectory of the
Fontware directory and delete files with the file name extension .BEZ.
The next time you use the Fontware Kit, you see your typefaces listed as
before in the Make Fonts menu. When you choose a typeface, the kit
prompts you to go to Add/Delete Fontware Typefaces and add the
typeface again to your Fontware directory.
5-4
Fontware Installation Guide
Fonts Directory
Fonts Directory
Unless you specify a different directory during setup, the Fontware Kit
stores all fonts in the \GEMAPPS\FONTS directory. See "Setting Up" in
Section 1 for instructions on changing this default directory.
Deleting the Fontware Directory
Once you've finished creating your fonts or are confident that you won't
need the installation kit for some time, you can remove the FONTWARE
directory from your hard disk.
The fastest way to do this is from within the GEM Desktop. (If you installed PostScript fonts, see the note below before starting.) Click on the
FONTWARE folder icon, press Alt D, then press Y to confirm deletion, if
necessary. The GEM Desktop deletes the FONTWARE directory and all of
its subdirectories.
Note: After generating PostScript fonts, you can reduce disk space by
deleting everything in the FONTWARE directory except:
• All files having the .TDF extension
• The Fontware DDF subdirectory
In this case, do not delete the FONTWARE directory. Again, you can
delete folders and files much faster from within the GEM Desktop than
from the operating system command line.
5-5
Section 6
Troubleshooting
This section suggests ways to correct problems you might encounter
working with fonts.
Problem
What You Should Do
The Fontware Make Fonts
Menu for the display does
not appear on my screen.
Choose View Control Panel from the Main
Menu. The device probably is set to none.
Change the device to the correct printer or
display, then return to the Make Fonts
Menu.
The fonts I made don't appear in the list of available
fonts in GEM Desktop
Publisher.
You need to merge the width table for the
new fonts using the GEM Desktop Publisher
Font Merge Utility. Consult the Font Merge
Utility documentation supplied with your
GEM Desktop Publisher package.
Characters above a certain Some devices limit the space that a given
point size appear clipped or character can occupy. Fontware takes the
oddly shaped.
limit into account when it creates the character image and provides the best image possible within the allotted space.
Some italic characters apCertain devices don't allow characters to expear clipped or squeezed on tend outside a predefined area. Therefore,
my display (or printer).
some characters, such as lower-case italics
that extend naturally outside this boundary
appear clipped or distorted on the display.
When printed, they may appear normal.
Characters above a certain
point size won't print.
The font file for these characters might be
too large for your printer to handle.
Appendix A
GEM International
Character Set
This appendix lists the characters in the GEM International character
set along with their decimal ASCII values.
The sixth character in a font file name is a code which represents the
character set: ttpppgdo.xxx
Decimal
0-32
GEM
International
not used
Decimal
51
GEM
International
3
33
52
34
53
4
5
#
$
54
6
55
%
56
7
8
&
57
9
35
36
37
38
39
58
40
(
59
41
)
60
42
*
+
61
43
62
<
>
44
63
?
45
64
65
@
66
B
67
68
C
D
69
E
46
47
48
49
50
/
0
1
2
A
GEM International Character Set
Decimal
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
A-2
GEM
International
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
0
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
\
]
A
Fontware Installation Guide
Decimal
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
GEM
International
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
j
k
m
n
0
P
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
Fontware Installation Guide
Decimal
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
GEM
International
x
Y
z
{
I
}
not used
C;
ii
e
a
a
a
a
~
e
e
e
I
1
1
A
A
E
re
GEM International Character Set
Decimal
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
GEM
International
.IE
0
0
0
U
U
Y
0
0
f2S
£
0
0
f
a
6
u
Ii
N
a
0
l
"
"
A-3
Fontware Installation Guide
GEM International Character Set
Decimal
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
A-4
GEM
International
«
»
a
0
¥
¢
re
CE
A
A
6
§
*t
-r
©
®
TM
"
%0
•
Decimal
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218-224
225
GEM
International
0
A
A
E
E
E
f
f
Y
0
6
0
S
S
U
U
0
Y
B
not used
B
Appendix B
Typeface Key
This appendix lists Fontware typefaces, styles, and the two-character
codes that represent them in font file names. You may find it convenient to check off the typefaces below for which you've made fonts, as a
means of keeping track.
The typeface code appears as the first two characters in a font file name:
ttpppcdr.xxx
(for PostScript fonts)
ttcd.xxx
Code
Typeface
Code
Typeface
aa
ab
ac
ad
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
au
av
aw
ax
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
Light
Light Italic
Black
Black Italic
ae
af
ag
ah
Century Schoolbook®Roman
Century Schoolbook Italic
Century Schoolbook Bold
Century Schoolbook Bold Italic
ay
az
ba
bb
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
Swiss
Condensed Roman
Condensed Italic
Condensed Bold
Condensed Black
ai
aj
ak
al
Dutch Roman
Dutch Italic
Dutch Bold
Dutch Bold Italic
bc
bd
be
bf
Futura Book
Futura Book Italic
Futura Heavy
Futura Heavy Italic
am
an
ao
ap
Zapf Calligraphic Roman
Zapf Calligraphic Italic
Zapf Calligraphic Bold
Zapf Calligraphic Bold Italic
bg
bh
bi
bj
Futura Medium
Futura Medium Italic
Futura Bold
Futura Bold Italic
aq
ar
as
at
Futura Light
Futura Light Italic
Futura Condensed Medium
Futura Extra Black
bk
bl
bm
bn
Courier 10 Roman
Courier 10 Italic
Courier 10 Bold
Courier 10 Bold Italic
Roman
Italic
Bold
Bold Italic
TM
Typeface Key
Fontware Installation Guide
Code
Typeface
cq
cr
cs
ct
Bitstream Charter Roman
Bitstream Charter Italic
Bitstream Charter Black
Bitstream Charter Black Italic
cu
cv
cw
cx
ITC
ITC
ITC
ITC
Galliard® Roman
Galliard Italic
Galliard Bold
Galliard Bold Italic
cy
cz
da
db
ITC
ITC
ITC
ITC
Garamond® Book
Garamond Book Italic
Garamond Bold
Garamond Bold Italic
Zapf Humanist Roman
Zapf Humanist Italic
Zapf Humanist Bold
Zapf Humanist Bold Italic
dc
dd
de
df
Brush Script® Italic
Blippo® Black
Hobo® Roman
Windsor® Roman
ce
cf
cg
ch
Bitstream Cooper Black®
University Roman
Cloister Black®
Broadway Roman
dg
dh
di
dj
Swiss Compressed Roman
Swiss Extra Compressed Roman
Exotic Demi
Exotoc Bold
ci
cj
ck
cl
ITC
ITC
ITC
ITC
Souvenir Light®
Souvenir Light Italic
Souvenir Demi
Souvenir Demi Italic
dk
dl
dm
dn
Baskerville Roman
Baskerville Italic
Baskerville Bold
Baskerville Bold Italic
cm
cn
co
cp
ITC
ITC
ITC
ITC
Korinna Copy Sizes. You have tried to
copy a font size that is allowed for your display but is not allowed for your printer.
Depending on your application, you may not
be able to select the display font.
Fontware installation
failed.
During Setup. This usually indicates that
you do not have enough space on your system for all the Fontware Installation Kit
files. Make some room on your hard disk
and try Set Up Fontware again.
General Internal Error.
Call Bitstream Technical
Support*.
The kit is unable to allocate memory on your
system to perform certain tasks.
Insert a Fontware typeface
disk into Drive A:
During Add Fontware Typefaces. You have
put a disk into the drive that the kit does not
recognize as a typeface disk. Remove the
disk from the drive, insert a typeface disk
and press ..J.
Insert Fontware Typeface
disk # 1 into Drive A:
During Add Fontware Typefaces. You have
put a disk into Drive A that the kit does not
recognize as a typeface disk. Check that the
correct disk is in the drive.
Fontware Installation Guide
Fontware Installation Kit Messages
Message
What It Means
Internal Error ##. Call
Bitstream Technical
Support*.
This general class of errors indicates a problem specific to one of the Fontware Installation Kit menus.
No character set available.
An information file for the character set you
have chosen may be damaged. You should
set up the installation kit again.
No display devices
available.
An information file for the display device
you have chosen in the control panel may be
damaged. You should set up the installation
kit again.-
No sizes to copy for this
typeface.
During Make Fonts - size editing session.
You have pointed to a typeface that has no
size selections and pressed the < F4 > key.
If you want to copy sizes, first choose the
typeface, then enter point sizes.
No typefaces on the system. Choose Add/Delete
Fontware Typefaces.
From the Main Menu. You have tried to
choose Make Fonts before adding typefaces to your system.
Please put Installation
Kit disk # 1 in Drive A:
During Setup. You have put a Fontware Installation Kit disk other than disk #1 into
the drive. Check the labels of your Fontware
disks, insert disk #1 into the drive, and close
the lever.
Printer Sizes to Display
Sizes. Not Allowed:
During < F 4> Copy Sizes. You have tried to
copy a font size that is allowed for your
printer but is not allowed for your display.
This may be because the display font size is
too large.
D-3
Fontware Installation Kit Messages
Fontware Installation Guide
Message
What It Means
The display typeface
already has sizes selected.
Do you want to overwrite
them?
During Make Fonts. You have pointed to a
typeface and pressed to copy sizes
from printer to display but you have already
entered display sizes for that face. If you
want to overwrite the display sizes, press Y.
You can press N and then press < F2 > to
check the display sizes first.
The printer typeface
already has sizes selected.
Do you want to overwrite
them?
During Make Fonts. You have pointed to a
typeface and pressed to copy sizes
from display to printer but you have already
entered printer sizes for that face. If you
want to overwrite the printer sizes, press Y.
You can press N and then press < F2 > to
check the printer sizes first.
The size at left is repeated.
Delete duplicates.
You have entered the indicated point size
more than one time. Move the cursor to all
duplicates and delete the repeated sizes.
Note: Printers and displays with very low
resolution may not permit some integer sizes
that are very close together. If you get this
message and do not see exact duplicates in
the point size selection, try deleting a size
that is very close to the indicated size.
The size at left is too large. You have entered a point size that is too
Maximum is xx points.
large for your printer or display. This message indicates the largest size permitted for
the current device.
The size at left is too small. You have entered a point size that is too
small for your printer or display. This mesMinimum is xx points.
sage indicates the smallest size permitted for
the current device.
D-4
Fontware Installation Guide
Message
Fontware Installation Kit Messages
What It Means
Time and Space Estimates. During Make Fonts. The kit has checked
Not enough disk space avail- your available disk space against its space esable.
timates and determined that there is not
enough room on your disk. Press < F 1> to
see space estimates and available space.
You should delete some font requests and
check the estimates again by pressing .
Typeface not found. Go to
Add/Delete Fontware
Typefaces.
During Make Fonts. You have chosen a
typeface that the kit does not find on your
system, even though the name is listed in
the Make Fonts window. This may happen
if you have both a PostScript and a non-PostScript printer and you added the typeface
when the Fontware Control Panel was set to
the non--PostScript printer. Check the control panel to make sure that you have
chosen a PostScript printer, then choose
Add/Delete Fontware Typefaces and
add the typeface.
Typeface will be removed
from your system. Do you
want to delete?
During Delete Fontware Typefaces. All references to the chosen typeface will be erased
from your hard disk. If you delete the face
and later want to make fonts using the
deleted typeface, you must first add it back
to your system.
Unable to copy all
required files.
During Add Fontware Typefaces. One or
more files on the disk in Drive A may not be
readable. If the disk is a backup, exit the kit
and make a new backup. If the disk is an
original, call Bitstream Technical Support*.
D-S
Fontware Installation Guide
Fontware Installation Kit Messages
D-6
Message
What It Means
Unable to make directory
< directory name>.
During Setup. The Fontware Installation Kit
cannot create a directory it needs to set up.
This may indicate a hardware problem.
Unable to make
FONTWARE.BAT.
During Setup. The kit cannot create a batch
file that it requires. This usually means that
the Fontware initialization file is damaged.
You should set up the Fontware Installation
Kit again.
Unable to make Fontware
directory.
During Setup. You have entered a directory
name that the kit cannot create on your
hard disk. Press and enter a different directory name. This may indicate a
general problem with writing to your hard
disk.
Unable to read x directory.
The kit cannot read files in one of the Fontware subdirectories: BCO, BEZ, CSD, DDF,
TDF, TMP. You should set up the Fontware
Installation Kit again.
Unable to read
FONTWARE.INI.
You have started the kit, but it cannot read
the initialization file called FONTWARE.INI.
You should set up the kit again.
5125-2055-001
5125-2004-001
5153-1001-002
5128-2055-003
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