Parameter Analyzer Quick Start Guide HP 4155A,4156A
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Parameter Analyzer Quick Start Guide c Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1993 Product Warranty Limitation of Warranty This Hewlett-Packard product is warranted against The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects All Right Reserved. defects in material and workmanship for a period of resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Reproduction, adaptation, or one year from date of shipment. During the warranty Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, translation without prior written period, Hewlett-Packard will, at its option, either repair unauthorized modi cations or misuse, operation outside permission is prohibited, except as or replace products which prove to be defective. of the environment speci cations for the products, or allowed under the copyright laws. improper site preparation or maintenance. Warranty service of this product will be performed at HP Part Number Buyer's facility at no charge within Hewlett-Packard No other warranty is expressed or implied. 04155-90200 service travel areas. Outside Hewlett-Packard service Hewlett-Packard speci cally disclaims the implied First edition, September 1993 travel areas, warranty service will be performed at warranties of merchantability and tness for a Printed in Japan Buyer's facility only upon Hewlett-Packard's prior particular purpose. agreement and Buyer shall pay Hewlett-Packard's round trip travel expenses. In all other cases, products Exclusive Remedies must be returned to a service facility designated by The remedies provided herein are the Buyer's sole and Hewlett-Packard. exclusive remedies. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable For products returned to Hewlett-Packard for warranty service, Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Hewlett-Packard from another country. Hewlett-Packard warrants that its software and rmware designated by Hewlett-Packard for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Hewlett-Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or rmware will be uninterrupted or error free. for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory. Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett-Packard products. For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Oce. Certi cation Hewlett-Packard Company certi es that this product met its published speci cations at the time of shipment [from the factory]. Hewlett-Packard further certi es that its calibration measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members. Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard, Ltd. 9-1, Takakura-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192 Japan HP 4155A and HP 4156A HP 4155A Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer and HP 4156A Precision Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer are full automatic and high performance instruments designed to measure, to display graphically, and to analyze the dc parameters and characteristics of semiconductor devices such as diodes, transistors, ICs, solar cells, and wafers during the fabrication process. So you can evaluate device design, process design, fabrication environments, and so on with the HP 4155A/4156A. In semiconductor research and development laboratories, the HP 4155A/4156A provides precise characteristics evaluation, which is an important step in the development of new high performance devices, and gives design engineers an easy to use method of device parameter acquisition|an essential element in computer aided design (CAD). On the production line, the HP 4155A/4156A provides real-time feedback on wafer evaluation to improve the semiconductor process and to increase production yields. For semiconductor end users, the HP 4155A/4156A is ideal for circuit design applications and incoming inspection. 3 HP 4155A/4156A|At a Glance Rotary knob Secondary softkeys Primary softkeys LINE switch Flexible disk drive Keyboard interface LINE switch Flexible disk drive Keyboard interface Primary softkeys Secondary softkeys Rotary knob 4 You use the LINE switch to apply electric power. You can use 3.5-inch diskette as the mass storage, which is inserted in this exible disk drive. You can control the HP 4155A/4156A from keyboard, which is connected to the keyboard interface, as well as from the front-panel keys. You use primary softkeys to move pages and to change the secondary softkey menu. You use secondary softkeys to select variable names, alternatives, and changing items. You use rotary knob to change the setting value and to move a marker. SMU terminals Intlk interface HP 4155A SMU terminals Intlk interface HP 4156A SMU terminals Intlk interface Either voltage or current output is forced from the SMU terminals, and measurement signal is put to the SMU terminals. To prevent you from electric shock, the HP 4155A/4156A has interlock function. The signals for the interlock function go through the Intlk interface. 5 In This Guide Book This guide book is a quick start guide for HP 4155A and HP 4156A. It introduces a basic measurement and its analysis without a lot of explanation and details. You can perform the following measurement and analysis through this guide book: p Measuring Vg{ Id characteristics of a MOS FET. Analyzing its graph and nding threshold voltage (Vth). You will nd quick instructions for starting measurements with an HP 4155A/4156A. Key Conventions. The following key conventions are used in this guide: 4Front-panel key5 Text shown like this represents a key physically located on the HP 4155A/4156A. Softkey Text shown like this represents a softkey. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Screen Text Bold Italic Text printed in this typeface indicates text displayed on the HP 4155A/4156A. Text shown like this indicates a term de ned in the glossary. Text shown like this referees to a related document, or is used for emphasis. Finding Further Information. This guide book is written for beginners of HP 4155A/4156A. See the following books for further information on the HP 4155A/4156A: HP 4155A/4156A User's Guide (HP part number 04155-90000) provides information on how to use the HP 4155A/4156A. HP 4155A/4156A Programmer's Guide (HP part number 04155-90100) provides information on how to control the HP 4155A/4156A with remote commands. HP Instrument BASIC Users Handbook (HP part number E2083-90000) provides information on how to use HP Instrument BASIC, which is programming language built-in the HP 4155A/4156A. 6 Getting Started Getting Started This guide introduces how to use HP 4155A Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer and HP 4156A Precision Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer. Basic operations of the HP 4155A/4156A are provided. This guide consists of the following three sections: Making a measurement: preparing for measurements and measuring a sample device (MOS FET). Analyzing a result: analyzing the results graphically and searching for the threshold voltage (Vth) of the MOS FET. If you have a problem: providing solutions to problems you may encounter while using this guide. Before going to the next page, make sure you have prepared the following: HP 4155A or HP 4156A HP 16442A test xture Test device (n-channel MOS FET, enhancement type) In this guide, the test device used is a Siliconix SD214DE. This guide book assumes that you have already installed your HP 4155A/4156A. If not, refer to \Installation" in the HP 4155A/4156A User's Task Guide.. 2 Making a Measurement In this section, you learn how to execute the measurements with an HP 4155A/4156A and to display the measurement results graphically. Id-Vg measurement of a MOS FET is provided as an example. You learn step-by-step how to perform this measurement. You measure the device under test (DUT) by using the measurement circuit as shown in the following diagram. SMU2 and SMU3 sweep the same voltage to the gate and drain. SMU3 measures the drain current (Id). The source and substrate are connected to circuit common. You should get result similar to the following gure. Gate voltage Vg (swept p fromp0 V to 2 V) is assigned to X axis, Id is assigned to Y1 axis, and @ @V g Id is assigned to Y2 axis. 3 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 1. Prepare for the measurement Before executing measurement, con gure HP 4155A/4156A and accessories. 1. Make sure that the HP 4155A/4156A is o . 2. Connect the HP 16442A test xture to HP 4155A/4156A. See next gure. 3. If you use the keyboard, connect it to the HP 4155A/4156A. When you use the HP 4155A, connect as follows: HP 4155A Intlk SMU 1 SMU 2 SMU 3 SMU 4 ( ( ( ( ( cable Interlock/LED Triaxial Triaxial Triaxial Triaxial 2 2 2 2 1 ) ) ) ) ) HP 16442A HP 4155A Intlk VSU 1 SMU 1 (blue label) VSU 2 SMU 2 (blue label) VMU 1 SMU 3 (blue label) VMU 2 ( ( ( ( cable Coaxial Coaxial Coaxial Coaxial SMU 4 (blue label) 1 Interlock/LED cable: HP 16493J 2 Triaxial cable: HP 16493C. You do not need to connect SMU4 for this measurement. 3 Coaxial cable: HP 16493B. You do not need to connect VSUs and VMUs for this measurement. Triaxial cable 3 3 3 3 ) ) ) ) HP 16442A VSU 1 VSU 2 VMU 1 VMU 2 HP 16442A Coaxial cable Interlock/LED cable HP 4155A Connecting HP 4155A to HP 16442A Test Fixture 4 Getting Started Making a Measurement When you use the HP 4156A, connect as follows: HP 4156A Intlk SMU 1 SMU 2 SMU 3 ( ( ( ( cable Interlock/LED 1 Kelvin triaxial Kelvin triaxial Kelvin triaxial ) ) ) ) 2 2 2 HP 16442A HP 4156A Intlk VSU 1 SMU 1 VSU 2 SMU 2 VMU 1 SMU 3 VMU 2 ( ( ( ( cable Coaxial Coaxial Coaxial Coaxial 3 3 3 3 ) ) ) ) 1 Interlock/LED cable: HP 16493J 2 Kelvin triaxial cable: HP part number 04155-61602 3 Coaxial cable: HP 16493B. You do not need to connect VSUs and VMUs for this measurement. Kelvin triaxial cable HP 16442A VSU 1 VSU 2 VMU 1 VMU 2 HP 16442A Coaxial cable Interlock/LED cable HP 4156A Connecting HP 4156A to HP 16442A Test Fixture 5 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 2. Mount your DUT on the test xture 1. Select a suitable socket module for your DUT. 2. Mount the socket module on the test xture. Socket module HP 16442A Test Fixture 3. Mount your DUT on the socket module. 4. Make connections with four connection cables (miniature banana { pin plug). You make the following connections: Source|SMU1 Gate|SMU2 Drain|SMU3 Substrate|SMU1 Both the source and substrate terminals are connected to SMU1. 5. After nishing connections, shut the lid of the test xture. 6 Getting Started Making a Measurement DUT Connection cables Gate Drain Source Substrate Wiring for HP 4155A For this measurement by the HP 4156A, non-Kelvin connections are used. So, connect only the force terminals as shown in the following gure: DUT Connection cables Gate Drain Source Substrate Wiring for HP 4156A 7 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 3. De ne the channel assignments You set the connection information on the CHANNELS: CHANNEL DEFINITION page. 1. Switch on the HP 4155A/4156A. Self-test starts. 2. After self-test is nished, make sure that CHANNELS: CHANNEL DEFINITION page appears on the screen of the HP 4155A/4156A. If not, press 4Chan5 front-panel key. CHANNELS: CHANNEL DEFINITION page MEASUREMENT MODE Secondary softkeys Primary softkeys 3. Make sure that SWEEP is displayed in the MEASUREMENT MODE eld. If not, select SWEEP secondary softkey in the MEASUREMENT MODE eld. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Set the connection information in the CHANNELS table as follows: 8 Getting Started Making a Measurement Action To move the pointer, on Front Panel (5 4)5 4*5 4+5 use 4 area. , , , or (5 4)5 of MARKER/CURSOR To move the cursor to edit in display area, use 4 To enter \VS" in VNAME eld, V " S press 4. 5 , 4+ 5 , then 4Enter5. To enter \IS" in INAME eld, press 4* 5 , To set \V" in the MODE eld, To set \VAR1' " in FCTN eld, To set \VAR1" in FCTN eld, To disable a unit, or I select select select select of Edit area. ? S4 + FFFFFFFFFF V , then 4Enter5. secondary softkey. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF VAR1' FFFFFFFFFFFFF VAR1 n 5n secondary softkey. secondary softkey. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF DISABLE UNIT secondary softkey. on Keyboard use 465, 475, 485, or 495. use 4Backspace5 key. type VS, then press 4Enter5. type IS, then press 4Enter5. press 4Shift5-4F15 keys. press 4Shift5-4F45 keys. press 4Shift5-4F25 keys. press 4Shift5-4F75 keys. 9 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 4. De ne the user functions You de ne the user functions on the CHANNELS: USER FUNCTION DEFINITION page. 1. Select USER FCTN primary softkey. The CHANNELS: USER FUNCTION DEFINITION page appears. 2. Enter the user function information in the table as follows: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CHANNELS: USER FUNCTION DEFINITION page You enter the following two user functions: p SQID = Id DSQID = @ @ Vg SQID = @ @ Vg p Id Where, Id is drain current and Vg is gate voltage. 10 Getting Started Making a Measurement Action on Front Panel (5 4)5 4*5 4+5 use 4 To move the pointer, area. , , (5 4)5 To move the cursor to edit in display area, use 4 To enter \SQID" in NAME eld, press or S4 + , or on Keyboard of MARKER/CURSOR use 465, 475, 485, or 495. use 4Backspace5 key. of Edit area. n 5 , Q 42 5' , I 4* 5? , D 4/ 5; , then type SQID, then type SQRT(ID), then press 4Enter5. 4Enter5. To enter \SQRT(ID)" 1 in DEFINITION eld, DEFINITION eld, 2 S4 + j n D 4 5; , S 4 5 , Q 4 5' , I 4 5? , D 4 5; , / + 2 * / then 4Enter5. To enter \DSQID " in NAME eld, To enter \DIFF(SQID,VG)" n 5 , Q 42 5' , R 43 5 , T 4p 5% , 4 5 A [ FFFFFFF B ] (blue key), 4( 5 , ID , 4) 5 , then 4Enter5. press press in f press 4Enter5. type DSQID, then press 4Enter5. f D 4 5; , I 4 5? , F 4 5 , F 4 5 , 4 5 (blue type DIFF(SQID,VG), then press / * 7 7 A [ S Q ' 4Enter5. key), 4( 5 , 4 5 (blue key), 4+ 5 , 42 5 , I 4 5? , D 4 5; , 4 5 (blue key), X 4 5 , FFFFFFF VG , press * / n , > B 4 5] , then 4 ) Enter5. To disable a user function, select FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF DISABLE FUNCTION secondary softkey. press 4Shift5-4F75 key. p ) is de ned by \SQRT" built-in function. 1 Square root operator ( 2 Partial di erence ( @ @ ) is de ned by \DIFF" built-in function. 11 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 5. Set up the measurement parameters You set the output parameters on the MEASURE: SWEEP SETUP page. 1. Press 4Meas5 front-panel key. The MEASURE: SWEEP SETUP page appears. MEASURE: SWEEP SETUP page VAR1' VAR1 information 2. Set the VAR1 information as follows: 12 information Getting Started Making a Measurement Drain voltage sweeps from 0 V to 2 V with 10 mV step. The current compliance is set to 100 mA. Action on Front Panel (5 4)5 4*5 4+5 use 4 To move the pointer, To set \SINGLE " in SWEEP MODE eld, select To set \LINEAR " in LIN/LOG eld, select To enter \2.000 press To enter \10.00 V" in STOP eld, mV" in STEP eld, , , FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF SINGLE FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF LINEAR , or . on Keyboard use 465, 475, 485, or 495. secondary softkey. press 4Shift5-4F15 keys. secondary softkey. press 4Shift5-4F15 keys. Q 4 5' , then 4 2 Enter5. type P $ U # E @ press 41 5 , 40 5 , 4m 5 , then 4Enter5. type 2, then press 4Enter5. 10m, then press 4Enter5. 3. Set the VAR1' information as follows: To force the same voltage to the drain and gate, set RATIO = 1 and OFFSET = 0. Because VAR1' is de ned as follows: (V AR1 output) = RAT IO 2 (V AR1 output) + OF F SET 0 Action To enter \0.000 V" in on Front Panel OFFSET eld, To enter \1.000 " in RATIO eld, on Keyboard U # press 40 5 , then 4Enter5. type 0, then press 4Enter5. P $ press 41 5 , then 4Enter5. type 1, then press 4Enter5. 13 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 6. Set up the results display You set the results display information on the DISPLAY: DISPLAY SETUP page. 1. Press 4Display5 front-panel key. The DISPLAY: DISPLAY SETUP page appears. DISPLAY: DISPLAY SETUP page DISPLAY MODE 2. Make sure GRAPHICS is displayed in the DISPLAY MODE eld. If not, select GRAPHIC secondary softkey in the DISPLAY MODE eld. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Set the X-, Y1-, and Y2-axes information as follows: 14 Getting Started Making a Measurement Action on Front Panel To enter \VG" in NAME eld, select FFFFFFFFFF VG select To enter \0.00000 in MIN eld, press in MAX eld, Q ' press 42 5 , then 4Enter5. To enter \2.00000 V" To enter \SQID" in NAME eld, select press 4Shift5-4F35 keys. secondary softkey. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF To set \LINEAR " in SCALE eld, V" on Keyboard LINEAR press 4Shift5-4F15 keys. secondary softkey. U 4 5#, then 4 0 Enter5. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF MORE 1/2 , then FFFFFFFFFFFFF SQID secondary A" in MIN eld, press U 4 5#, then 4 0 Enter5. To enter \100.000mA" in MAX eld, P $ U # U # E @ press 41 5 , 40 5 , 40 5 , 4m 5 , then 4Enter5. To enter \DSQID " in NAME eld, select FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF MORE 1/2 , softkeys. 0, then press 4Enter5. type 2, then press 4Enter5. press 4Shift5-4F75 keys, then 4Shift5-4F35 keys. softkeys. To enter \0.00000 type then FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF DSQID secondary type 0, type 100m, then then press 4Enter5. press 4Enter5. press 4Shift5-4F75 keys, then 4Shift5-4F45 keys. 15 Getting Started Making a Measurement Step 7. Execute the measurement Press 4Single5 front-panel key to execute the measurement. [Single] key You should get measurement results similar to the following gure. 16 Analyzing the Results In the previous section, you measured the drain current (Id) while performing a synchronous sweep of the gate voltage (Vg) and drain voltage (Vd). And the measurement results were drawn graphically on the screen. In this section, you analyze the measurement results on the graph and search threshold voltage (Vth) of the DUT. The basic algorithm to search for the threshold voltage is: p p 1. Assign gate voltage (Vg) to X-axis, Id to Y1-axis, and @V@ g Id to Y2-axis. p 2. Search for the maximum value of @V@ g Id curve, which is also the point p where the gradient of Id curve is maximum. p 3. Draw a tangent line to the point where the gradient of Id curve is maximum. 4. Read the X-coordinate value where the tangent line crosses the X-axis. This value is threshold value (Vth). Tangent Vth 17 Getting Started Analyzing the Results Find the threshold voltage 1. Make sure that MARKER/CURSOR primary softkey is highlighted. If not, select the MARKER/CURSOR primary softkey. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER/CURSOR primary softkey 18 Getting Started Analyzing the Results NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 2. Select MARKER secondary softkey so that ON appears on the softkey. The MARKER softkey is highlighted, and the markers appears on the measurement curve. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER secondary softkey Marker NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Select AXIS primary softkey so that Y2 appears on the softkey. The Y2 axis is highlighted. AXIS primary softkey 19 Getting Started Analyzing the Results NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Select MARKER MIN/MAX secondary softkey until the * marker moves to the maximum point on the Y2 curve. The o marker (on Y1 curve) also moves to same X-axis point, which is maximum gradient of Y1 curve. MARKER MIN/MAX secondary softkey Marker * Marker o NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Select AXIS primary softkey so that Y1 appears on the softkey. The Y1 axis is highlighted. Y1 axis AXIS primary softkey 20 Getting Started Analyzing the Results NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Select LINE primary softkey. The secondary softkey menu changes. Secondary softkeys LINE primary softkey NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 7. Select LINE secondary softkey so that ON appears on the softkey. The LINE softkey is highlighted, and a vertical line appears in the center of the plotting area. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE secondary softkey Line 21 Getting Started Analyzing the Results NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 8. Select TANGENT MODE secondary softkey. The line becomes tangent to the o marker of the Y1 curve. A tangent TANGENT MODE Marker o secondary softkey Threshold voltage (Vth) Read the X-axis intercept value of the tangent line. This is the threshold voltage (Vth). In the example above, Vth is 935 mV. 22 If You Have a Problem This section describes how to solve the following unexpected problems: If HP 4155A/4156A cannot be powered on If display page does not appear after applying power If HP 16442A test xture is not stable 23 Getting Started If You Have a Problem If HP 4155A/4156A cannot be powered on Check that the power cable is rmly connected to HP 4155A/4156A and to power outlet. Check that the front-panel LINE switch is on. Check that the voltage selector switch is set properly. The voltage selector switch is located in the lower-right corner of the rear panel. The following table shows the line voltage selector setting. Line Voltage Position 84-124 Vac left 200-248 Vac right Check that the fuse is good. The fuse holders located in the lower-right corner of the rear panel. 1. Turn the HP 4155A/4156A o and disconnect the power cable from the power outlet. 2. Unscrew the fuse holder on the rear panel. 3. Inspect that the correct fuse is installed, and wire inside the fuse is not broken by using a rester. Line Fuse Type HP Part Number 110/120 Vac Time-delay type 8A, 250 Vac 2110-0383 220/240 Vac Time-delay type 4A, 250 Vac 2110-0014 4. Replace the fuse, if necessary. Then, screw in the fuse holder. 5. Turn the HP 4155A/4156A on. 24 Getting Started If You Have a Problem If display page does not appear after applying power If HP 41501 is installed, rst turn on the HP 41501, then turn on HP 4155A/4156A. If the self-test fails, see \If You Have a Problem" in the HP 4155A/4156A User's Task Guide. If HP 16442A test xture is not stable Install stabilizers on the HP 16442A. For this procedure, see \Installation" in the HP 4155A/4156A User's Task Guide. If you use the HP 16442A test xture with HP 16440A selector or HP 16441A R-BOX, attach HP 16442A to HP 16440A or HP 16441A by using plates and screws. For this procedure, see \Installation" in the HP 4155A/4156A User's Task Guide. 25 Getting Started If You Have a Problem
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