How To Audit The Top Ten Oracle E Business Suite Security Risks UMX 3

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In-Source Your IT Audit Series

How to Audit the Top Ten

E-Business Suite Security Risks

February 28, 2012

Jeffrey T. Hare, CPA CISA CIA

Industry Analyst, Author, Consultant

ERP Risk Advisors

Stephen Kost

Chief Technology Officer

Integrigy Corporation

Speakers

Jeffrey T. Hare, CPA, CIA, CISA

ERP Risk Advisors

Founder of ERP Risk Advisors /

ERP Seminars and Oracle User

Best Practices Board

14 years working with Oracle EBS

as client and consultant

Experience includes Big 4 audit, 6

years in CFO/Controller roles –

both as auditor and auditee

Author – Oracle E-Business Suite

Controls: Application Security Best

Practices

Stephen Kost

Integrigy Corporation

CTO and Founder

16 years working with Oracle and

12 years focused on Oracle

security

DBA, Apps DBA, technical

architect, IT security, …

Integrigy Consulting – Oracle EBS

security assessments and services

Integrigy AppSentry – Oracle EBS

Security Assessment and Audit

About Integrigy

Products Services

You

AppSentry

ERP Application and Database

Security Auditing Tool

AppDefend

Enterprise Application Firewall

for the Oracle E-Business Suite

Protects

Oracle EBS

Validates

Security

ERP Applications

Oracle E-Business Suite

Databases

Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server

Security Assessments

ERP, Database, Sensitive Data, Pen Testing

Compliance Assistance

SOX, PCI, HIPAA

Security Design Services

Auditing, Encryption, DMZ

Verify

Security

Build

Security

Ensure

Compliance

Controls, Policies,

and Procedures

Q&A

Passwords

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5

Internal and

External Access

Risks, Threats, and

Vulnerabilities

Top 10 Security Vulnerabilities

1. Default Database

Passwords

2. Default Application

Passwords

3. Direct Database

Access

4. Poor Application

Security Design

5. External Application

Access Configuration

1. Poor Patching Policies

and Procedures

2. Access to SQL Forms

in Application

3. Weak Change Control

Procedures

4. No Database or

Application Auditing

5. Weak Application

Password Controls

Significant Security Risks and Threats

Risks and Threats

examples

Pass

App

Pass

Direct

Access

App Sec

Design

Extern

App

Patch

Policy

SQL

Forms

Change

Control

Audit

Pass

Control

Sensitive data loss

(data theft)

Bulk download via direct access

Bulk download via indirect access



2. Direct entering of

transactions (fraud)

Update a bank account number

Change an application password



3. Misuse

of application

privileges (fraud)

Bypass intended app controls

Access another user’s privileges



Impact availability of

the application

Wipe out the database

Denial of service (DoS)



Default Database Passwords

Oracle E-Business Suite database is

delivered with up to 300 database

accounts

-Default passwords (GL = GL)

-Active

-Significant privileges

Default Oracle Password Statistics

Database

Account

Default

Password

Exists in

Database %

Default

Password %

SYS

CHANGE_ON_INSTALL

100% 3%

SYSTEM

MANAGER

100% 4%

DBSNMP

99% 52%

OUTLN

98% 43%

MDSYS

77% 18%

ORDPLUGINS

77% 16%

ORDSYS

77% 16%

XDB

CHANGE_ON_INSTALL

75% 15%

DIP

63% 19%

WMSYS

63% 12%

CTXSYS

54% 32%

* Sample of 120 production databases

How to Check Database Passwords

1. Use Oracle’s DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD

-Limited set of accounts

-Single password for each account

2. Command line tools (orabf, etc.)

-Difficult to run – command line only

3. AppSentry

-Checks all database accounts

-Uses passwords lists - > 1 million passwords

-Allows custom passwords

Seeded Application Accounts

Oracle EBS delivered with up to 40

seeded application accounts

Most seeded applications have default

passwords

Some accounts are active

Some accounts have significant

privileges

Seeded Application Account Responsibilities

Active Application

Account

Default

Password

Active

Responsibilities

ASGADM

WELCOME



SYSTEM_ADMINISTRATOR



ADG_MOBILE_DEVELOPER

IBE_ADMIN

WELCOME



IBE_ADMINISTRATOR

MOBADM



MOBILE_ADMIN



SYSTEM_ADMINISTRATOR

MOBILEADM

WELCOME



ASG_MOBILE_ADMINISTRAOTR



SYSTEM_ADMINISTRATOR

OP_CUST_CARE_ADMIN



OP_CUST_CARE_ADMIN

OP_SYSADMIN



OP_SYSADMIN

WIZARD

WELCOME



AZ_ISETUP



APPLICATIONS FINANCIALS



APPLICATION IMPLEMENTATION

How to Check Applications Passwords

1. Decrypt all passwords

-Google: oracle applications password decryption

2. Login to each account

-Need to manually test 25 – 40 accounts

3. AppSentry

-Checks all seeded application account

passwords for default or weak passwords

-Checks all seeded application accounts are

locked

Direct Database Access

Database access is a key problem

-APPS_READ

-Read only accounts often created with read to

all data

Access to sensitive data by generic

accounts

-Granularity of database privileges, complexity

of data model, and number of tables/views

make it difficult to create limited privilege

database accounts

-Must use individual database accounts with

roles limiting access to data along with other

security

How to Review Direct Database Access

1. Need to review who is accessing the

database

Must have auditing enabled to determine generic

database access

2. No standard method to review

database privileges

Must manually review database privileges

Need to understand data model to know what

can be accessed with granted privileges

External Access Configuration

Client

Browser

Oracle Application Server

Database

APPS

http

https

Oracle EBS installs all modules (250+) and all web pages for every application server

All web pages access the database using the APPS database account

sqlnet

Apache

OC4J

Java Server Pages (JSP)

8,000 JSP pages

OA Framework

11,600 pages

Core Servlets

30 servlet classes

Oracle Forms

4,000 forms

Web Services Servlets

70 servlet classes

Oracle EBS DMZ Certified Modules (R12)

iSupplier Portal (POS)

Oracle Sourcing (PON)

Oracle Receivables (OIR)

iRecruitment (IRC)

Oracle Time and Labor (OTL)

Oracle Learning Management (OTA)

Self Service Benefits (BEN)

Self Service Human Resources (SSHR)

Oracle iSupport (IBU)

Oracle iStore (IBE)

Oracle Marketing (AMS)

Oracle Partner Relationship Mgmt (PRM)

Oracle Survey (IES)

Oracle Transportation (FTE)

Oracle Contracts Core (OKC)

Oracle Service Contracts (OKS)

Oracle Collaborative Planning (SCE)

Oracle User Management (UMX)

Order Information Portal (ONT)

Oracle Sales for Handhelds (ASP)

Oracle Internet Expenses (OIE)

Oracle Performance Management (OPM)

Compensation Workbench (CWB)

Oracle Payroll (PAY)

Oracle Quoting (QOT)

Oracle Field Service 3rd Party Portal (FSE)

Oracle only certifies a limited set of modules for use in a DMZ

Meets DMZ architectural requirements (i.e., no forms)

URL Firewall rules provided for the module

380490.1 Oracle E-Business Suite

R12 Configuration in a DMZ

287176.1 DMZ Configuration with

Oracle E-Business Suite 11i

Oracle EBS DMZ Oracle Support Notes

Deploying Oracle E-Business Suite in a DMZ requires a specific and

detailed configuration of the application and application server. All

steps in the Oracle provided My Oracle Support (MOS) Note must

be followed.

How to Check the External Configuration

1. Review DMZ web architecture

-SSL

-Network firewall

-Reverse proxy

-Web application firewall (Integrigy’s AppDefend)

-Load balancing and caching

2. Perform a penetration test?

3. Review URL firewall configuration

4. Configuration Review - Manual

-Review 8 major configuration steps

5. Configuration Review - AppSentry

-Automates checking 6 of 8 major configuration steps

Forms that Allow SQL Statements

Allow ad-hoc SQL statements to be executed

within them (over 30 forms)

Could be used to update high risk data such as

supplier addresses and bank accounts

May not have any audit trail (before/after

values) created to know who made the update

Examples include:

-Alerts

-Collection Plans

Forms that Allow SQL Statements

Applications

Attribute Mapping

Attribute Mapping Details

Audit Statements

Business Rule Workbench

Create QuickPaint Inquiry

Custom Stream Advanced Setup

Defaulting Rules

Define Assignment Set

Define Data Group

Define Data Stream

Define Descriptive Flexfield

Segments

Define Dynamic Resource

Groups

Define Function

Define Pricing Formulas

Define Security Profile

Define Validation Templates

Define Value Set

Define WMS Rules

Dynamic Trigger Maintenance

Foundation Objects

PL/SQL tester

QA - Collection Plan Workbench

Register Oracle IDs

SpreadTable Diagnostics Form

Spreadtable Metadata

Administration

Workflow Activity Approval

Configuration Framework

Workflow Process Configuration

Framework

Write Formula

… and others as released by Oracle

How to Check SQL Forms Access

Sensitive function review

-Difficult to do without an “SoD” tool – all of

which can analyze access to high-risk single

functions such as SQL forms

-Look for high risk seeded responsibility usage

such as:

Application Developer

Alert Manager

Quality

Weak Application Password Controls

1. Password Profile Options

-Length, reuse, case, and failure limit are

System Profile Options

-Password expiration time set for individual

accounts

2. Password operational procedures

-Initial passwords and password resets

-Default methods in 11i and R12 weak

-Improved in R12 with User Management (UMX)

3. Secure Password Storage

-Allows decryption of account passwords

-Not enabled by default

Application Password Settings

System

Profile Options 11i Default R12 Default

Signon

Password Failure

Limit

(null) 10

Signon

Password Hard To

Guess

(1 letter, 1 number, no

repeating characters, not

username)

No No

Signon

Password Length 5 6

Signon

Password No Reuse (null) (null)

Signon Password Case

insensitive

Signon Password settings must be changed to meet organization’s password policy

Oracle EBS Password Decryption

Oracle EBS end-user application passwords

stored encrypted, not hashed

-Account passwords stored in FND_USER table

-Procedure to decrypt passwords well

documented and published on the Internet

-Google: oracle applications password decryption

Secure hashing of passwords is optional

and must be enabled by DBA

-Not enabled by default even in R12

-See Integrigy whitepaper for recommendations

How to Check Password Controls

1. Manual Review

-Validate signon System Profile Options

-Query all users by querying FND_USER table

where PASSWORD_LIFESPAN_DAYS <> xx days

-Check password encryption patch by querying

FND_USER table

-Review application account creation and

password reset workflows with administrator

2. AppSentry

-Checks signon System Profile Options against

organization’s password security policy

-Checks password encryption patch is enabled

AppSentry

Jeff’s Conclusions

Most of the vulnerabilities and risks are on-

going whereas most audit processes are ‘point

in time’

Auditors need to recommend continuous

controls monitoring related to these risks and

audit the CCM, rather than point in time.

Solutions such as AppSentry are preferable to

manual solutions because they integrate all

tests into a single User Interface and are

updated as changes are made to the

applications and technology stack.

Steve’s Conclusions

Oracle E-Business Suite security and compliance requires a

team effort

-DBAs, IT Security and Internal Audit must work together to

ensure a secure and compliant environment

Security is constantly changing due to application changes

and new risks

-Periodic reviews and assessments are required

No “silver bullet” exists for protecting the Oracle EBS

-A combination of policies, procedures, reviews, and tools

must be put in place to address this complex environment

Adhere to the Oracle Best Practices for Oracle EBS security

-See My Oracle Support Notes 189367.1 and 403537.1

-Written by Integrigy

-Oracle has not updated since 2007

References and Resources

Integrigy’s Website

-www.integrigy.com

-Oracle E-Business Suite Security Whitepapers

ERP Risk Advisors Oracle Internal Controls and Security List

Server

-http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OracleSox

ERP Risk Advisors Internal Controls Repository

-http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/oracleappsinternalcontrols

Jeff’s Book

-Oracle E-Business Suite Controls: Application Security Best Practices

Oracle Best Practices for Securing Oracle EBS

-Metalink Note IDs 189367.1 and 403537.1 (“Best Practices”)

-Metalink Note IDs 380490.1 and 287176.1 (DMZ config)

Contact Information

Stephen Kost

Chief Technology Officer

Integrigy Corporation

web: www.integrigy.com

e-mail: info@integrigy.com

blog: integrigy.com/oracle-security-blog

Jeffrey T. Hare

Industry Analyst, Author

ERP Risk Advisors

web: www.erpra.net

e-mail: jhare@erpra.net

linkedin: http://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffreythare

How To Audit The Top Ten Oracle E Business Suite Security Risks UMX 3

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