KLA 5000 02_Kontron_Logic_Analyzer_Operation_and_Maintenance_Manual_Jul83 02 Kontron Logic Analyzer Operation And Maintenance Manual Jul83

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User Manual: KLA-5000-02_Kontron_Logic_Analyzer_Operation_and_Maintenance_Manual_Jul83

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Technical• •
Documentation

Z..

•

•

KLA32
KLA48
KLA64
Logic Analyzers

-

EL~~~~~~g iT~ KONTRON

INSTRUMENTATION

I-~~

ELECTRONICS

-.

")

PREFACE

The scope ofi"this Wtt\'1J:al 1s limited to the basic
user instructions' antf theory .' of.operation of the
",,-,,~.

Cha1?te.:r 1 •. Introductiotl,'describes the general KLA
hatdware interactions', and"design features.
Cha1?~er ,2,·' Speti"fic.a'1U!9ns,
and nar;dware specUit:a'"i'i.ons~

d 1scribes

operational

Chapter' 3, USE!'t1 "s GlU!d'e,· describes the operational
featu,res;
keyBoardJ
controls,
disk~tte,
and
connections,
al'sif' gives detailed instructions
on how ,to use the mel;ius. tQ . set parameters , and to
record data."'

siia

Chapter 4, Theory 6f' Operation, describes the
various circuit boards and the interactions' of the
signals in th~.,~'p.erat-ton of" the 'kLA..
\~

Chapter 5, Glossary, explains concepts and terms
generally., applicable
to
logic
inalyzers,
and
specifi-ca.lly as used with the KLA.
Chapter"'b, 'Qptions, includes a description of' "the
Time ~asurement
opt.ion;
descriptions
of
new
options· will :be added as they are made available.
Chapter 7, Schematics/Pin Assignments, provides the
schematics: that are available at the publication
date of this manual.
Please' note that a DOc.l:mientation Reply Card, is
inserted at the ;oack of: this manual.
When you
complete and' return it, y.ou help us produce better
documentation for. you.

KLA- 5000-02

PREFACE 0-1

REVISION HISTORY
Title

Number

Date

Notes
Second Edition;
added new 6 0,1
(TM option) &,.,
Index . .

Kontron Logic Analyzer
Operation And Maintenance Manual

KLA-5000":'02

7/83

Kontron Logic Analyzer
Operation And Maintenance ManuaJ.

J.tJ8

PROBE 3

~===~:..cPR08E

1

PROBE •

"""BE ,

t:91.=<===~}Pic

cRL:<:::::==~}81:1
o

o

10

8
11
PROBES 1 TO 8

Figure 3-7 Back Panel Connections

KLA-SOOO-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-15

3.2.4

PROBE INPUTS

Probes can be connected to the device to be tested either with the color coded
connector sets delivered with the KLA, or with other flat cables. The colors
on the sets delivered with the KLA correspond to resistor color code.
The
white ground wire should be connected to the system ground. The clips can be
pulled off the connectors, and the ends can be attached to wire wrap posts or
on IC clamp adapters via plug adapters.
If a flat cable is to be used, 16-wire flat cable, or a twisted pair of cables
is necessary, where there is a ground wire between two signal inputs.
The
cables should not be too long to avoid circuit capaci ty and inducti vi ty at
higher frequencies.
A flat cable equipped with a plug is availabe from
Kontron. See Figure 3-8, Probe Connections.

GND
7

GND
8

CJ

GND

GND

GND

7
6
5
4
3

3

2

GND

1
0

5

GND
4

2

CI

C2

co
C2

¢

co
CI

co

=
C2

WHITE
VIOLET
BLUE
GREEN
YELLOW
ORANGE
RED

=
=

=

GND
1

GND
GND:GROUND

0

Figure 3-8

-----------------------

3-16

USER'S GUIDE

Probe Connections

----------

KLA-5000-01

3.3

MENU PROGRAMMING

3.3.1

GENERAL RULES OF MENU PROGRAMMING

KLA is programmed with menus. which give an overview of all

the parameters.
and demonstrate the capabilities and uses of the device.
The parameters are
divided logically into two groups. the standard menus and the special menus.
The numbers in parenthesis refer to the key identification numbers found on
the foldout keyboard drawing Figure 3-34, KLA Keyboard found at the end of
Chapter 3.

3.3.1.1

~enu

NOTE:

It is recommended that the user callup these menus
listed below and program them in sequence.

Callup Sequence
in

the

Menus are called up by pressing the ROLL key (1) or STD/SPEC key (2).
sets of menus are:

order

The two

1. Standard Menus
Configuration Nenu
Trigger Word Menu
Trigger Sequence
2. Special Menus
Compare Nenu
Store/Recall
I/O

When the device is turned on, first the transient Status Nenu appears and
disappears. Next, the Configuration Menu comes up.
STD/SPEC key (2) is used
to switch between the two sets of menus.
Individual menus are selected by
holding down the ROLL key (1).
If this key is held down, the menus will be
displayed in order.

3.3.1.2

Parameter Input

To change a parameter within a menu, the cursor is positioned on the desired
parameter field with the UP, DOWN, RIGHT, LEFT cursor movement key group (6).

If the SCREEN mode is being used while in the trigger word or trigger sequence
menu, this must be change to FIELD mode by pressing the FIELD key, before
parameter selections can be made.

-

--_._-

KLA-SOOO-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-17

1

Non-numeric parameters:
Roll to the desired setting by using the
ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN key. (It does not matter which one you use.)

2

Numeric parameters:
Numeric
parameters
are
entered
via
the
keyboard. Entries which exceed the limits of the parameter field are
automatically corrected to the parameter field limit.
Illegal
symbols are ignored.
The cursor is moved between the parameter
fields by using the LEFT, RIGHT cursor movement key set (11).

The newly selected parameters are adopted by the logic analyzer as soon as the
cursor leaves the parameter field, or the RUN/STOP key is pressed.
A short index of the permissible parameter inputs or menu possibilities is
displayed in the lower half of the screen.

3.3.1.3

Cursor Control

The cursor is moved in the parameter fields by the four movement keys
identified as (6). When shifting between menus and submenus, the cursor will
note the point of origin and return to the same location. The division into
submenus is shown on the displays by means of dotted lines, however the user
does not need to know or pay attention to the subdivision lines in order to
use the instrument effectively.

3.3.1.4

Incompatibility Between Parameter Settings When Rolling

When rolling through menu options in a parameter field, the user can overwrite
settings that are in use at another menu level, because some of the parameters
being rolled through are incompatible with earlier settings.
In this case,
the KLA remembers the earlier settings and restores them when the incompatible
setting is rolled through. There are two exceptions which do not get restored
when the incompatibility is removed. These are the channel group distribution
in the Trigger Word Menu, and trigger words in the Trigger Sequence Menu.

3.3.1.5

Summary of Operation Sequence For Menu Programming

Menu programming sequence discussed in this section is briefly summarized on
the next page.

3-18

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

OPERATION SEQUENCE FOR MENU PROGRAMMING
Switch on device.
Put in system disk
Press system reset button
2.

Select menu
Use STD/SPEC (2), ROLL (1)

3.

Position cursor to desired parameter
Use RIGHT, LEFT, UP, DOWN keys (6)

4.

Select parameter input
Use ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN keys (9) or
Enter direct input via the alphanumeric keyboard

s.

Start recording
Use RUN/STOP key (20)

6.

Evaluation See Section 3.4
Use TIMING (4), or LIST (S)

3 .3 .2

STANDARD MENUS

All parameters for recording, except trigger conditions,
menu. See Figure 3-9, Sub-Menus In Configuration Menu.

are

The parameter fields are identified by callout numbers
Parameter Fields In Configuration Menu, as listed below:

in

set in this
Figure

PARAMETER FIELD

CALLOUT NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-10

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

1 and 4
5 and 7

Memory Configuration
Clocks and Clock Qualification
Glitch Latching
Thresholds
Trigger Position
Master Clocks

3-10,

2
3
9
8

Each of these parameter fields (a) through (f) will be discussed in detail
now. The input selections available in each of these parameter fields are
summarized in Table 1, Inputs In The Configuration Menu, located at the end
of this Section 3.3.2.1.

KLA-5000-01

-----------------------USER'S GUIDE 3-19

I

NTE~~~~
MODE

CON FIG U RAT ION
MEN U
~~---~-----------------------~-~~-,
=!

.1

.

"

THRESHOLD I

I

I

ARRANGEMENT

I

1[-----------

16 CH -----------]
I
I
I
INPUT CLOCK I [------------ INT ------------]
I
NUr1BER --------1----------------- 2 - - - - - - - 1-----1
------SAMPLE ----------JQUAL -~---J QUAL-I
RATE
I
I
I
1
1
_.
1

I
•

1
1

I
I

I
• • • ..,
•IJ:
_____

I
I
IL _____________ .... __ .... _____________ ..I

----------.-- .... -------------------+ 2
I

TRG LOCATION I -2298
NON-INTERLACE I
I NTERLACE
I
TIME., INT CLKI-022.

US

PROBES 4 3 2 1
PROBES 7 5
+017.92 US

I
I
I

-.----~---------------------------

ROLL TO DESIR~Q S~LECTIQN

Figure 3-9

3-20

USER'S GUIDE

Sub-Menus In Configuration Menu

KLA-5000-01

CON FIG U RAT ION
PROBE
INTERLACE
MODE
THRESHOLD
ARRANGEMENT
INPUT CLOCK
NUMBER

MEN U

O
___-OR---- __
40 CH

±Kl

--·-5

11P~1_ _

1

2

SAMPLE
RATE

"lIB)
'------6

3

~----------~----------~~-----------7

+0512
-1533
. . . . . T . . PROBES 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+010,24 US
-030,66 US

TRG LOCATI ON
NON-INTERLACE
TIME .. INT CLK
"ROLL TO DESIRED SELECTION
•

__ e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ••

8

Figure 3-10

----"-------KLA- 5000-0 1

9

Parameter Fields In Configuration Menu

USER'S GUIDE

3-21

a.

Memory Configuration: Interlace and

ArrangemeE~

INTERLACE:
The KLA is organized into 16 channel memory blocks in both the hardware
and the software. All of the memory blocks can be reconfigured into the
interlace mode, where the number of channels is halved t and clock rate and
memory depth are doubled
Interlace mode is especially well sui ted to
time domain analysis with the asynchronous internal clock of the KLA which
is independent of the system being tested.
0

For channel groups working together in the interlace mode, recording
is possible only with the internal clock of the logic analyzer. Other
channels recorded Simultaneously in non-interlace mode can only be
read in with the external clock.
ARRANGEMENT:
Channel blocks not working in interlace mode can be assigned to a common
clock through the OR connection of several clocks.

1.

Input Clocks

mlen channel groups are combined in ARRANGEMENT, the sampling clock can be
internal, external, or a combination of several OR connected external
clocks. This OR connection shown as OR or 0 in the menu, also applies to
clock inputs assigned to the probes in arrangement. For example,
Clock Input KI
KO
"
"
J1
"
"
JO
"
"

for
for
for
for

Probes
Probes
Probes
Probes

8 and
6 and
4 and
2 and

7
5
3
1

then if the channels of Probes 8 and 7 are combined wi th channels of
probes 6 and 5, these 32 channels are then sampled with clock KI OR'ed to
clock KO.
Sampling is possible with both the positive and the negative edge, or both
edges of the sampling clock, or the user can turn off the clock input.
OR connection between external and internal clocks which are asynchronous
to each other is not possible, because such OR'ing would not be logical.
The clock rate of the internal clock is set in steps of 1-2-5, in the
range of 20 ns up to 500 ms in non-interlace mode, or when in interlace
mode from 10 ns up to 500 ms.

3-22

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

2.

Clock Qualifiers

For enabling or disabling external clocks, a maximum of 6 OR'ed qualifier
words, 6 bi ts wide during recording wi th a single clock edge, or 3 OR 'ed
word pairs during recording with both clock edges are allowed. The 6 bits
of each qualifier word indicate the condition (1 = HIGH, 0 = LOW, X =
DON'T CARE) that must be detected at each input in order to enable the
clock.
If the qualifier conditions are not met, a sample will not be
taken during that clock edge.
The following holds true for qualifier words:
•

Individual bits of a qualifier word are AND connected, and must all be
true at the same time.

•

Individual qualifier
anyone word will
qualifier words are
don't cares will not

•

If both edges of an external clock are being used for
positive and the negative edges can qualify independently.

•

If one of the words preceded by a + or a - is fulfilled. a sample is made
by the corresponding + or - edge.

•

The same qualifier inputs are used for qualifying both J clocks, although
different qualifier. words can be defined.
The same holds for both K
clocks.
K1
qualified via K2 ••• K7 (probe K pin2 ••• pin7)
KO

words are OR connected so satisfying the condition of
enable the clock edge.
However, if fewer than 6
set, the last word in the column which contains only
be valid for qualifying until a 1 or 0 is entered.
scanning

the

J1
qualified via J2 ••• J7 (probe J pin2 ••• pin7)
JO
•

Qualification of the internal clock via clock qualification input is not
possible, but data selection can be accomplished with DATA QUALIFIED
RECORDING (See Section 3.3.2.3.)

c.

Glitch Latching

Because glitches which appear asynchronously with the recording clock are not
generally caught by that clock, the KLA has a glitch detection circuit. This
circuit is activated by selecting the GLITCH mode from the MODE field,
identified as 2 in Figure 3-10, Parameter Fields In Configuration Menu.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-23

Every other channel of a probe operating in glitch mode is used to detect and
store glitches. Channels 1, 3, 5, and 7 are used for glitch memory, and the
inputs on these channels are turned off. Glitch latching takes place on pins
0, 2, 4, and 6 of a probe in glitch mode operation. Glitch mode operation is
possible only on channels running in non-interlace mode.
The advantages of a glitch detection circuit over the usual glitch latching
mode are several:
1.

Glitch informati.on cannot be lost in signal information, therefore,
glitches appearing directly before or after a signal edge are caught.

2.

Glitch detection is possible on channels sampled by an external clock.

3.

It is possible to trigger on glitches. However to trigger on glitches
effectively, the trigger poll must occur with the master clock
sampling these channels.

Glitches can be displayed both on the timing display and the data list.
See also Section 3.4.1.1 and 3.4.2.1.
1.

Glitches in the Timing Display:

a.

Glitch Display On The Signal Channels:
In an 8-channel timing display glitches are shown as vertical lines half
the height of signal edges. In 16-channel time display glitches appear as
shaded areas which remain on the screen when maximum magnification is
selected.

b.

Direct Display of Glitch Memory Channels:
In 8-channel glitch memory time display, glitches are shown as vertical
lines, half the height of the signal edges. In 16-channel time display,
glitches are shown as positive pulses on the appropriate lines.

Switching back and forth between the signal channels and glitch memory
channels is done by positioning the parameter cursor on the channel number
field, then pressing the G key. This is the same whether 8 or 16 channels are
being displayed.
2.

Glitches In The Data List Display:

A glitch appearing on a given 'channel is represented by a reverse video
exclamation point (!), immediately to the right of the appropriate data bit,
but only when the data display is in binary format.
Therefore, probes on
glitch mode must be displayed in binary, if the glitch marker (!) is to show.

3-24

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

d.

Threshold

KLA has six available thresholds.

These thresholds are:

I.TTL (+1.4V)
2.ECL (-1.3V)
3.Vl ••• V4 (-12.7V •••+12.7V in 100 mV increments)
Anyone of these can be assigned independently to each of the 10 probes.
e.

Trigger Location

The reference point for data recording with a logic analyzer is the trigger,
therefore, the trigger location is designated as the reference point for
memory addressing in the KLA.
The trigger is always at address 0000.
Pre-trigger data are in the negative address locations, and post-trigger data
are in the positive address locations.
To change the trigger location in memory, the cursor key groups (6 or 11 as
shown in Figure 3-34, Keyboard for KLA), are used to move the T in the
Trigger Location Field in the Configuration Menu. The T can be moved in steps
of 256 memory locations from the end of memory, where post-trigger data equals
0, to within 253 bits of the beginning of memory, where the post-trigger data
equals 1792 memory places.
If the number of samples before finding the
trigger condition is smaller than the specified pre-trigger data, then the
memory is not entirely filled.
In this case the portion before recording
starts appears in memory as O. If necessary Insert DELAY in the first trigger
level, or use the trigger setting:
"IF ••• OCCURS AFTER ••• COUNTS, THEN

"

Single step movement of the trigger location is possible, and is explained
under the Trigger Sequence Menu, in Section 3.3.2.3.
In interlace operation, the number of pre-trigger data increases to 2048, but
the number of post-trigger data does not change.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-25

f.

Master Clocks

The master clock controls the trigger sequence, and selects the point in time
for data sampling when preset trigger conditions are fulfilled.
The master
clock is also responsible for event counting and switching to the next trigger
level ..
During data recording with two or more clocks, the KLA has the capability of
designating any two of the recording clocks as master clocks.
These can be
selectively assigned to the trigger words, so that during a trigger sequence
it is possible to trigger on events recorded with either clock.
Efficient
triggering is guaranteed only if the clock polling certain data channels
agrees with the clock which executes the data search for these channels.
When triggering on words recorded with various clocks which are synchronous to'
one another, the use of several master clocks is unnecessary.
If two master clocks are needed, the selected master clock is assigned in the
Trigger l-lords Menu before a trigger word is input.
See Section 3.3.2.2
Trigger Words Menu.

3-26

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

Table 1
FIELD
1

2

3

4

NAME
INTERLACE

MODE

THRESHOLD

Inputs In The Configuration Menu

See Glossary

ROLL

Valid for
Individual
Probes

STANDARD
GLITCH LATCHINGl
OFF

ROLL

Valid for
Individual
probes

ECL

ARRANGEMENT
logical channel
groups

6

7

INPUT CLOCK3

SAMPLE' RATE

K QUAL
J QUAL

INPUT KEY

BOTH NON-INTERLACE
INTERLACE/NON-INTERLACE
BOTH INTERLACE

Di vision into

5

SETTINGS

REMARKS

pre-selection
of Clock4

Sample Rate of
Internal Clock

Clock Qualifier
for Probes 5 t 6 t 7 t 8
Clock Qualifier
for Probes 1 t 2 t 3 t 4

TTL

ROLL

o

VI to V4
to + 12. 7V

+t0 to 9

64 channels 2
48/16
32/32
32/16/16
16/16/16/16

ROLL

Probes
Probes
Probes
Probes

8 t 7: INT., Kl t OFFS

6 t 5: INT. t KOtOFF
4,3: INT., Jl,OFF
2 t l: INT., JO,OFF

ROLL

Non-Interlace:
20 ns - 500ms
Interlace:
10 ns to 500 ms

ROLL

Otl,X

Ot 1 tX

OtltX

O.l.X

8

MASTER CLOCKS

See Glossary

OFF t 1 ••• 46

ROLL

9

TRIGGER
LOCATION

Trigger Position

8 Positions

key (3)

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-27

NOTES TO TABLE 1:

1

Glitch latching is possible only on channels in
operation, when the sample clock for the channels is MI.

2

During glitch operation channel numbers decrease by half, or when
individual pods are switched off, the channel numbers listed decrease
accordingly.

3

OR connection between external and internal clock is not possible.
Otherwise, clock inputs are OR'ed for channels grouped together in
arrangement.

4

Wi th external clock, data can be captured on the rising, falling or
both edges for the clock.

5

KI

6

Master Clock MI is the clock connected to Probe 1 and 2 (JO or INT).

= clock

probe K, pin 1; KO

= clock

non-interlace

probe K, pin 0 etc.

TRIGGER WORDS MENU
Trigger words, data qualifying words, and the format of the data list are set
in the Trigger Words Menu.
See Figure 3-11,
Sub-Menus In Trigger Menu.
The parameter fields are identified by callout numbers in Figure 3-12,
Parameter Fields in Trigger Words Menu, as listed below:
PARAMETER FIELD

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

3-28

Distribution into Channel Groups
Data Format and Polarity
Mnemonics
Master Clock Assignment
Trigger Words

USER'S GUIDE

CALLOUT NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-12

1
2

and 3

4

5
6

KLA-5000-01

T RIG G E R W0 R D S

rl ~~E-8----7----6---5----4----3---2----1--11
CLOCK

1

2------

I PINS 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 1
I GRO UPS
0 F F IOUUDUDll»
0 F F II•••••• klt._ l:nun"n':n! rmtm)!t!f!f!1 ,!tmf!tmt!f!1I
I
1
-----------------------------------------~

r-----------------,
GROUP A B C
D E

:POLARITY JIL JIL JIL JaL JaL :
I
BASE 11&1 IE I

I

I
II
I
I

I

12
XX
XX 1
XX XX
1
3
XX XX I
4
XX XX I
XX XX J
L5________________

ENTER LABEb A!!! HQR X

Figure 3-11

KLA-SOOO-ol

Sub-Menus In The Trigger Word Menu

USER'S GUIDE

3-29

T RIG G E R W0 R D S
PROBE
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
PINS ~------O ~------2. 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------0 7------n 7------0
GROUPS rAfiDnrmt41 3tmf!14nt4t'l UJ:J:UJ:J:t:J:J tIUIQ.!t!t!t ,olnlU.loIU) 0 F F 1111 fi II fi fi fi 11-1
GGGG GGGG
GROUP
ABC
D E/---------------- 2
CLOCK

~tR A
1

2
3
4
5

G

7

oi III mit 111-.. - - - - - - - - - - 3

I

I

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

~XXX XX XXXXX ~~ ~~a~1Q~I~~~
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xXxX)Of xxxxx XX X~X~~~X~XiX~

t!tZIi D!t I.UHt3 Et3

"~--------------------------6

4

~--------------------------------------------~--5

ENTER LABEb A ••. H Q8

~

Figure 3-12

Parameter Fields In The Trigger Word Menu

- - - - _._--------- --- ---------_.
3-30

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

a.

Distribution Into Channel Groups

The inputs of the KLA are divided into 8-channel groups corresponding to the
pods.
They can be further divided into groupings of adjacent inputs by
entering the same letter (A through H or X in the parameter field identified
as 1 in Figure 3-12, Parameter Fields In The Trigger Words Menu.
In entering
observed:

letters

into

parameter

field

1

the

following

rules

must

be

defined

as

1.

A letter can be used only in one coherent group.

2.

A coherent group can extend over a maximum of 16 inputs.

3.

Inputs that are
separate groups.

4.

No letter can be designated for groups which have been set at OFF in
the Configuration Menu.

5.

Entering the letter X causes
position for all trigger words.

6.

Entering a "don't care" at the appropriate position
channel from all trigger words and from the data list.

sampled

with

separate

a

"don't

clocks

care"

must

be

condition

at

that

deletes

that

Points 3 and 4 above point out the fact that there is an interaction between
menus. Also, modification of clock and channels, as happens for example, when
glitch mode operation is selected, can partially erase a selected channel
grouping.
If planning to make extensive programming changes, check and
regroup the channels where necessary. Channels where glitch mode recording is
selec ted are identified on the line, under the channel group division of the
Trigger Word Menu, with the subscript "G".
Channel group distributions selected in the Trigger Word Menu are also valid
for Compare Menu, and the data list display.

b.

Polarity And Data Format

In Figure 3-12,
Parameter Fields In The Trigger Words Menu, field 2
identifies the parameter field where the polarity for the trigger word input
can be changed.
If inverted data is present at the signal inputs, the
recommended polarity choice is minus, so that trigger words do not have to be
entered in inverted form.
In field 3, in the same Figure 3-12, the data format for inputting trigger
words is selected.
ASCII, and EBCDIC formats cannot be used for entry.
However, they can be called up on the data list and displayed.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-31

In both fields 2 and 3, the DELETE key (18) causes a "don't care" condition
in the group of trigger words or column.

Table 2

FIELD

NAME

Inputs In The Trigger Word Menu

REMARKS

SETTINGS

INPUT KEY

1

Groups

Channel group
distribution

Related groups of the
same letters l

2

Polarity

Polarity of
Trigger Word Input

+,-

ROLL

3

Base

Da ta Format of
Trigger Word Input

BIN, HEX, DEC, OCT

ROLL

Mnemonics for
Trigger Words

Any name, first
A ••• 2
symbol must be a letter 0 ••• 9

Master Clock
Assignment

Ml, M2,

4

4

MAS CLK

Trigger Words: 2
BIN
HEX
DEC
OCT

6

A •• • H,X

ROLL

Select Any One Or Both

0, 1, X
O••• F, X
O••• 9. X
0 ••• 7, X

0, 1, X
O••• F , X
O••• 9, X
o••• 7, X

NOTES TO TABLE 2:
1

2

3-32

Maximum group width is 16 channels, separate groups for channels with
different sampling clocks. A given letter may be used only in one
group. X is permissible in any group.
Highest value bit is on the left side of a group.
If the channel
number of a group is unequal to a whole number multiple of the bits
necessary for a symbol, then the bits no longer contained in the
character are ignored, that is, treated as O.

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

c.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics can be assigned to preset trigger words so that trigger words can be
called up where necessary in a menu, by entering the mnemonic.
These
mnemonics must be limited to five characters, begin with a letter, but can
contain numbers in the other four places.
The DELETE key causes a "don't
care" condition of that trigger word in parameter field 4.
d.

Master Clock Assignment

These parameter input fields identified as 5 in Figure 3-12, appear only
when more than one master clock has been selected from the Configuration
Menu.
A trigger word is assigned a master clock in the Trigger Words Menu.
Callup of that trigger word in the Trigger Sequence Menu (discussed in the
section immediately following this one), automatically selects the assigned
master clock for that trigger level.
Certain triggering limitations are placed on the trigger word menu, under the
following conditions:
1.

Recording with several synchronous clocks:
All channels can be triggered with one master clock.
If internal and
external clocks are recording simultaneously, synchronous operation cannot
be assumed, and different master clocks must be assigned.

2.

Recording with several asynchronous clocks:
Simultaneous triggering on all channels is not allowed.
In order to
trigger on different trigger levels on channels sampled asynchronously,
both clocks must be defined as master clocks.

Trigger word input is only possible for channel groups when the recording
clock of the trigger word is also the master clock for that channel group.

e.

Trigger Words

Trigger words are entered in Field 6 in Figure 3-12, Parameter Fields In The
Trigger Word Menu.
Up to 32 trigger words can be defined.
If a numeric
value is used in one trigger word, the next trigger word space will
automatically get the next higher numeric value. The screen shows 11 trigger
",ords at a time.
In order to scroll through all the trigger words that are
input, press the SCREEN key (8), then UP, or DOWN key from key group (6).

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-33

3.3.2.3 . TRIGGER SEQUENCE MENU

KLA can trigger on individual words, and also up to 14 levels of sequential
trigger words, where the actual triggering occurs after the last word in the
sequence is found. The sequence is preset in the trigger level.
In every
trigger level, only one word ~ or two words with an OR connection can be
searched. The number of times a word has to be found to satisfy the trigger
condition is also user defined. Trigger levels do not have to be executed in
any order; jump instructions can be given, and the KLA will jump to
noncontiguous trigger levels. Also, time frames can be assigned to trigger
words where the time window can be limited on one or both sides. Thus there
are two basic types of trigger levels:
1•

TRIGGER LEVEL WITH TRIGGER WORD SEARCH IN A TIME FRAME LIMITED ON BOTH
SIDES

WORD BEING
SEARCHED
2.

SEARCH TIME
WINDOW

INSTRUCTION IF
FOUND

INSTRUCTION IF
NOT FOUND

TRIGGER LEVEL WITH TRIGGER WORD SEARCH IN A TIME FRAME NOT LIMITED ON BOTH
SIDES

FIRST WORD
BEING SEARCHED
and optionally:
SECOND WORD BEING
SEARCHED

EVENT COUNTER

SEARCH TIME WINDOW
(not limited)

INSTRUCTION FOR
FINDING FIRST WORD

INSTRUCTION FOR FINDING
SECOND WORD

The parameter fields of the Trigger Sequence Menu are identified in the
following three figures: Figure 3-13, Parameter Fields In The Trigger
Sequence Menu-Normal Recording, Figure 3-14, Parameter Fields In The
Trigger Sequence Menu-Data Qualified Recording, and Figure 3-15, Parameter
Fields In The Trigger Sequence Menu--Transition Recording.
The functions
controlled in the parameter fields identified by callout numbers are listed
below.
FUNCTION
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
1.

3-34

PARAMETER FIELD NUMBER

Trigger filter
Trigger word callup
Glitch Triggering
Event Counter
Delay Counter
Time Window for Trigger Word
Instructions
Poll of Second Trigger Word
Recording Process
Data Qualifying Words
Time Measurement/clock counting
Probe Selection for Transition check

USER'S GUIDE

1 and 2
3 and 4
3 in level <4)
6

7
8 and 9
10
11

12 and 13
5
14
15

FIGURE NUMBER

3-13,·
3-13,
3-13
3-13
3-18
3-13,
3-13
3-13
3-13,
3-14
3-14,
3-15

3-14
3-15

3-15
3-15
3-15

KLA-soao-o1

1 __~========~_T~R~I~G~G~E~R__S~E~Q~U~E~N~C~E~___________

1 2 " TRIGGER

FILTE~ ON

_UIUlQh.l.

3"
(1)

I~" a
BUT IF WO

".------------------6
IMES
SI T

t

CLQCK M2

OCCURS ""11);4. DlIIII'I' COUNTS CLOCK M2

3"

(3) IF (,111.1-4 OCCURS 0111••1..
IIIISECOND TRIGGERWORD

3

~-----------2

LEVELS

RECORDING

1

THEN 1It11'1

t.l1

THEN
ELSE
TIMES IU.·.bDII WITH CLOCK INTI

\\:

1

(4) IF" .1.11 OCCURS 0.1.1.'.. TIMES '"hIlOIl WITH CLOCK INTI THEN 1';I.1H--10
. . SECOND TRI GGERWORD

ENTER TRIGGERWQRD NU~aEB QB MNEMONIC QR ROLL UP/DOWN

Figure 3-13 Parameter Fields In Trigger Sequence Menu
Normal Recording--Glitch Triggering

KLA-SOOO-Ol' .

USER'S GUIDE

-

3-35

T RIG G E R
2

TRIGGER FI LTER _ ON _"
12--1. . . . . . RECORTrI NG

I'.

SEQ U ENe E

LEVELS

I F ' " OCCURS
TIMES
BUT I F WORD ~'II:{C OCCURS T
13--t1T!1LWlIIIJ!1' RECORDING IN THIS
(1)

I

~14

I1DI~GLI

JI

COUNT JllllII.j.1

(2) IF I!!RI OCCURS mtDDII TIMES ,.,...- (1lIallIal COUNTS, THEN BtU'a 1ft
13-1i~~ND T~~gg~~IN THIS LEVEL ' (
8
(3) IF 'U•• OCCURS m/--;;.a;;'.I;aU;;;t..;:CO::U:N:T::-S,-:T::HE;:::--;;;;;;;;;;;;;;-------

13--_-

RECORDING IN THIS LEVEL ON ~

."5IfjW---- 14

ENTER TRIGGERWQRD NUMBER QR MNEMQNIC QR RQLL UP/DQWN

Figure 3-14 Parameter Fields In Trigger Sequence Menu
Data Qualified Recording In Individual Trigger Levels

3-36

USER'S GUIDE

,----

KLA-5000-01

T RIG G E R

12~ TRIGGER
3~
(1)

11

FILTER mON ALL
RECORDING~ CH

SEQ U E N C E

~#~--;:

....
MEASURE 1 ..

,1-

7

UNTS CLOCK I NL THEN moll.I'Jl
ImISECOND TRIGGERWORD
,..----------,---8

IiJIBj

~
IF II.' OCCURS 11111111•• TIMES hUt.'II, THEN rctlill*lJj /
~m SECOND TRIGGERWORD/,-----------....J.
(3)

IF.d..... OCCURS I:J.UIIl.~IlII•• IIIIIAND [1111'mCOUNTS~ THEN
~
~
ELSE
9

ENTER TRIGGERWQRC NUMeER QR MNEMQNIC QR RQLL UP/CQWN

Figure 3-15 Parameter Fields In The Trigger Sequence Menu
Transition Recording
NOTE:

KLA-SOOO-Ol

Parameter field 3 is always the first trigger word in trigger
levels with the search window ANYTIME or AFTER n COUNTS (Switch
on DELAY or GLITCH).

USER'S GUIDE

3-37

Input and Indication of Trigger Words Not Displayed:
As long as no entry is made in a trigger level, the screen will show only
trigger level <1>. Trigge;r levels 2 through 14 can be called up with a GOTO
command, or they can be scrolled through using UP and DOWN cursor movement
keys (6), after pressing the SCREEN mode key (8).
Resetting The Trigger Levels
The DELETE key (18) sets the trigger level where the cursor is back to basic
position, that is, at trigger level <1>.
IF XXXXX OCCURS 00001 TINES ANYTINE, THEN TRIGGER
NO SECO~~ TRIGGER WORD
End Recording With RUN/STOP Key
If the user interrupts a recording (trigger search or delay not concluded)
with the RUN/STOP key, the trigger position appears at the end of memory as
address 0000.
Free Run Setting
DELAY 05000 COUNTS, THEN TRIGGER (Delay greater than number of pretrigger
data)
NO SECOND TRIGGERWORD
The number of pretrigger memory places should be less than the number of
samples before finding the trigger.
Depending on the pretrigger delay
specified on the Configuration Nenu, the KLA will capture pre trigger data up
to that specified value. However, if triggering occurs before that count, not
all the pretrigger data display area will be filled. If a definite amount of
pre trigger delay is necessary, then specify that count in the delay setting in
the first trigger level.Since the KLA immediately begins trigger search during
a recording, the whole memory is not filled with data. The portion before the
recording starts appears as zeros. (See also Section 3.3.2.1 e).
The input selections available in each of the parameter fields is summarized
in Table 3 Inputs In The Trigger Sequence Menu.

3-38

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

Table 3.

FIELD

NAME

Inputs In The Trigger Sequence Menu

REMARKS

INPUT KEY

SETTINGS

1

Trigger Filter

See Glossary

01 ••• 15 1

0 ••• 9

2

On Levels •••

Validity for
Trigger levels •••

All

ROLL

Trigger wrd callup

WRD 1. •• 32
all mnemonics
Delay in Field 3
GLTCH in Field 33

ROLL
ROLL

NO SECOND TRG WRD

or ROLL

3

to
Delay
Glitch Trigger

5

4

1 2 3 ••• a 2
O••• 9

A-Z, 0-9

6

••• TIMES

event counter 4

00001 ••• 65535

0 ••• 9

7

DELAY ••• COUNTS

Delay counter
when field 3=delay

00001 ••• 65535

o••• 9

Time Window for
Trigger Word
Search

ANYTIME
AFTER m COUNT S
BEFORE m COUNTS
ON m COUNTS
BETWEEN m AND n Counts

ROLL

9

Time Window
Limi ts 5

00001 ••• 65535

0 ••• 9

10

Instructi6ns

GOTO <1>
GO TO  2
RESTART, TRIGGER

ROL L

8

Poll of Second
Trigger Word 4

NO SECONDTRG WRD
BUT IF ••• OCCURS •••

recording process

NOR~~L RECORDING
DATA QUAL. RECORDING6
TRANSITION RECORDING
ROLL
LEVEL SELECT RECORDING
NO RECORDING (Field 13 only)

14

Time Measurement!
Clock Counting

MEASURE TIME
COUNT CLOCK Nl

ROLL

15

Transition Check

8 ••• X••• l

1 ••• 8,X

11

12

Recording

13

KLA-5000-01

ROLL

USER'S GUIDE

3-39

NOTES TO TABLE 3:

a.

1

Maximum value can decrease depending on the settings in fields 8 and 9

2

Where a = highest usable trigger level depending on settings in fields
8 and 10

3

Only with GLTCH in field 2 in the Configuration Menu

4

Possible only i f field 8 = "ANYTIME" or "AFTER m COUNTS"

5

With "BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS", n

6

TRANSITION RECORDING and DATA QUALIFIED RECORDING are not possible
when two master clocks are used, or in interlace or glitch mode.

< m is also valid.

The Trigger Filter

During recording with an asynchronous clock (the internal clock of the logic
analyzer) system transitions, or glitches may happen to fulfill the triggering
conditions. It is generally not desirable to have invalid conditions trigger,
unless glitch triggering has been specifically selected.
To prevent such
transient signals from recording, the KLA has a built-in trigger filter which
performs the following two functions:
1.

A trigger word is counted as found only if the corresponding data is
valid for at least n clocks (n = 1 ••• 15).

2.

A trigger word is counted as an event, when the event counter has been
set, if it does not appear during at least one clock cycle.

The value of the trigger filter is always set in relationship to the duration
of an event, or the rate of the recording clock. When the use of the trigger
fil ter on all levels is not desirable, the use of the trigger filter can be
limited to specific data inputs. This is true when events are recorded with
different master clocks at different trigger levels.
The trigger filter is limited by rolling to ON LEVELS setting in parameter
field 2 in the Trigger Sequence Menu.
The numbers of the active trigger
levels appear in an input line; if "X" is entered, the trigger level is
switched off for that level.
The maximum value for the trigger filter is limited by the time windows
(Parameter Fields 8 and 9) which are set for all trigger levels for which the
trigger filter is valid. For example:
BEFORE m COUNTS maximum value = m
BETWEEN m and n COUNTS maximum value
ON m COUNTS maximum value = 1

----------------3-40 USER'S GUIDE

= n-m

KLA-5000-01

The KLA corrects a larger value during input, or when boundaries of n or mare
changed. Once set the trigger filter value stays valid as long as the cursor
does not go past field 1 of as long as a recording is not started.
The minimum value for the trigger filter is equal to 2 for TRANSITION
RECORDING, or when the internal asynchronous clock is used with rate of 10 ns
in interlace, or 20 ns in non-interlace.
b.

Trigger Word Callup

Words set in the Trigger Word Henu can be called up at three locations in the
Trigger Sequence Henu.
1

To poll the first trigger word in a trigger level

2.

To poll a second trigger word in the same trigger level

3.

As qualifier words for DATA QUALIFIED RECORDING

The pre-programmed trigger word is called up by inputting either the number of
the trigger word, or the mnemonic from the Trigger Word Henu.
When the
trigger word is called up by the number, the corresponding mnenomic will
appear on the screen. If no mnemonic has been assigned, the default mnemonic
WRD 1 ••• WRD 32 appears.
Two different trigger words with different master clocks cannot be used in a
single trigger level.
c.

Glitch Trigger (GLTCH)

First, glitch mode has to be selected in the Configuration Menu.
Then
parameter field 3 in Trigger Sequence Henu can be set with the ROLL key (9) to
GLTCH. This results in a search for glitches on channels running in glitch
mode in that trigger level. The trigger word GLTCH is considered found, when
a glitch appears on one or several of the active inputs of the probe (0,2,4,6)
which is switched to glitch recording.
d.

Event Counter

The event counter indicates how often the word searched for in this level must
be found to fulfill the trigger condition. It is set in parameter field 6 of
the Trigger Sequence Menu. This event counter can be thought of as a loop
counter, that is, it will count the number of times a program loop is run
through, and will only free the next trigger condition when the preset number
has been run through.

KLA-SOOO-Ol

USER'S GUIDE

3-41

If the trigger filter has been turned on, the event counter will count the
word as found again, only when it is not detected for at least one clock cycle
after the last time it was found. This is done with a suitable external clock
which scans every data word.
If the trigger filter is off (00), every clock cycle where the word occurs is
counted as found. A word which occurs in several successive clock cycles is
counted as found in each cycle.
e.

Delay Counter

Trigger delay can be chosen in field 3 (Figure 3-15) by the roll key (9), and
the length of the trigger delay is set in field 7 in units of the recording
clock. During the delay period, no trigger word is searched unless a second
trigger word has been defined and a BUT IF ••• OCCURS ••• condition is met, at
which time a special instruction written for exactly this situation will
execute.
Presetting a trigger delay is especially useful in cases where most of the
data being analyzed occurs a long time interval after the trigger point. \~en
the trigger delay chosen is large, the time window to be analyzed contains
mostly post-trigger events.
f.

Time Window For Trigger Word Search

The time window settings are shown in Figure 3-15, Parameter Fields In The
Trigger Sequence Menu.
These settings define the time frame in which the
word should appear after callup of a given trigger level. Available settings
for these parameter fields are:
ANYTIME

BEFORE m COUNTS
AFTER m COUNTS
BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS
ON m COUNTS

Search begins immediately and continues as desired.
Search begins immediately and ends with the mth
count.
Search begins after m counts and continues as
desired.
Search begins with the mth count and ends with the
nth.
Search takes place only during mth count.

BEFORE ••• , AFTER ••• , BETWEEN...
terms of m and n.

define the boundaries of the time window in

Trigger word search is limited to the area inside a time window. This time
search window is set by the user. Parallel polling of a second word occurs if
the condition BUT IF ••• OCCURS ••• , happens on the same trigger level with AFTER
m COUNTS in which case the second word will be polled during the mth count.

3-42

USER'S GUIDE

-----------

KLA-5000-01

Time windows are especially useful in the following cases:
1.

When the same word sequence occurs in several locations in a program,
however, only one of these is the desired trigger location.

2.

\fuen the actual point in time occurrence of critical signals is the
trigger condition; for example, when triggering should occur i f a
signal is late or early.

Limits For Recording With External Clock With Less Than 35 ns Rate
Since switching between trigger levels takes about 35 nanoseconds, no trigger
word can be searched during this interval. When clock frequencies are less
than 28 MHz, a setting of ON 00001 COUNTS is meaningless.
A reasonable ratio between the clock rate and the maximum signal frequency is
about 1 to 10. This means that with a 50 MHz clock, there would be more that
35 nanoseconds between events. For the boundaries, a value smaller than 4
counts for 100 MHz, or smaller than 2 counts for 50 MHz does not make sense.
Likewise, for BETWEEN m AND n, the difference between m and n should not be
set smaller than 4 with 100 MHz, and not smaller than 2 with 50 MHz.
g.

Factors Influencing The Number Of Available Trigger Levels

The number of available trigger levels depends on the selections made in time
windows and other instructions in each trigger level.
This complex
interaction is briefly summarized here.
1.

The maximum number of trigger levels is 14, and these are always available
when the time search window is set at ANYTIME.
Setting DELAY also does
not limit the number of available trigger levels.

2.

When a search time window is set in a given trigger level, the number of
available trigger levels is reduced by:
a.

Zero level for ANYTIME without jumping and DELAY with jumping.

b. One level for ANYTIME with jumping, for DELAY with jumping, and
for BEFORE m COUNTS and AFTER m COUNTS without jumping.
3.

The number of available trigger levels is reduced one more level by jump
or trigger commands:
a. If the first instruction in a level with ANYTIME or AFTER m COUNTS
is a jump or trigger command.
b.
If the instruction ELSE ••• executes a jump or triggering in a
level with BEFORE m COUNTS, BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS or ON m COUNTS.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-43

This is not the case when triggering instruction occurs because the trigger
conditions have been met, or a jump to the next trigger level happens because
the first trigger level has been fulfilled.
In these cases, there is no
reduction in the trigger level availability.
h.

Polling A Second Trigger Word

Two trigger words can be used in an open time window with ANYTIME, or AFTER m
CLOCKS setting where the second trigger word can be used as a jump
instruction, or an interrupt for an event which should not occur in that
program segment. If the second trigger word should occur before the first one
is found, the second trigger word will execute.
If the same instruction is given for both the first and the second trigger
word, then they will be OR'ed together, and finding one trigger word will
fulfill the trigger condition.
i.

Recording Processes

Since the recording process is individually set for different trigger levels,
the recording inputs are done in the Trigger Sequence Menu.
There are four
different recording options.
These are Normal Recording, Data Qualified
Recording, Transition Recording, and No Recording.
1.

NORMAL RECORDING.
is recorded.

Every data word caught by the selected clock edge

2.

DATA QUALIFIED RECORDING. Only the data words which agree with all
bits of preset qualifier words are recorded. The qualifier words are
set in the Trigger Words Menu, and can contain "X=don't care" for bits
which need not be checked in the corresponding data words. When using
data qualified recording the user may enter, one or two qualifier
words.
However, agreement with one of the two qualifier words is
sufficient to qualify the data word. Data qualified recording is not
possible when two master clocks
have
been
selected
in
the
Configuration Menu.
It is also not possible when in the Glitch or
Interlace Mode.
In Data Qualfied recording the master clock is
automatically the clock belonging to Probe 1 and 2, (clock JO).
Maximum clock rate for Data Qualified Recording is 25 MHz.
A triggerword which occupies memory location 0000 may be off by one to
two memory spaces, if the first and second data words following the
triggerword are not stored because they do not match the qualifier
word. A triggerword position correction cannot be made because these
data words are not stored.
See Figure 3-16,
Data Qualified
Recording Timing Diagram.

3-44

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-0l

INPUT
SIGNALS
I

'II

CH 13

1l

I~

11

TRIGGER

QUALIFIER
WORDS

1

1~

1

-'-~-----'--,:UI

X

I

1

1

CH 12

J

~
"
I

11

CH 11

:1

I1

I

11

11

l,---~I- - ' - - - - - = -

I
I

1~

1:

CH

11

10

CLOCK
COUNT

-----1-------- 3-

1
0iU
0
--

1

1:

11

I

:L

I

I

I

0:i

1

(31

13

I

I

~2

I
1

I

I

EXT.

CLOCK

I
5

=stored da ta

= "

KLA-5000-01

5

10

at da ta qual ified recording

""

normal

Figure 3-16

-

+

0

"

-

TIME ABS. Ipsl

Data Qualified Recording Timing Diagram

USER'S GUIDE

3-45

INPUT
SIGNALS

/TRIGGER
I

,.:-:...J1_ _ _'....:..-1_

:~ : ~t
I
I
I

1

CH 11

~

CH10

QJ

0

TIME
REL.

I

1

1

1
1
1
1
1

I

1
1

1
1
I
1

QJ

I

1
1
1

1

1

1

11

I

1

I

1

10

1

J1

~

:c
I)
1

~1

:r

0

t rr
I

I
I

1

I

I

.08

__:.....11

I

1
I

--..,;..:11~_ _ _ -t1f---,~

I

~

I
I

I

[/-Is]

II

I
I

I
1
I

_

,

.12

.08

I
1

1

1
1

1

1

1

I
I

I
I

I

1

I

I

I

1

1.1.I

I

;3

.k'J2-~I

1
I

I
1
1

I

CLOCK
I

J

.1

-

13
...
I = stored data at transition recording
1=
..
.... normal
..
I

Figure 3-17

3-46

USER'S GUIDE

I
3.2

.1
-

TIME ABS. [fJsl

Transition Recording Timing Diagram

._---,--

KLA-5000-0l

3.

TRANSITION RECORDING. A data word is stored only when it differs
from the previously recorded data word by at least one bit. During
Transition recording all sampling is with the internal clock which is
preset to 20 ns rate.
Thus the smallest interval between two
separately recorded data transitions equals 40 ns.
Transition recording is not possible when two master clocks have been
assigned in the Configuration Menu. It is also not possible when in
the Glitch mode or in Interlace.
Checking for the difference between data words can be 1imi ted to
certain channel groups by selecting the probes whose data is to be
sampled. See also Figure 3-17, Transition Recording Timing Diagram

4.

NO RECORDING.
levels, where
found.

No recording mode can be set for individual trigger
the trigger words are searched but not recorded if

How To Set The Different Recording Processes
Refer to Figure 3-14, Parameter Fields In The Trigger Sequence Menu for all
the parameter field numbers referred to here. parameter field 12 at the top
of the screen controls all the other levels, therefore if more than one type
of recording is desired, field 12 has to be set at Level Select Recording.
Then the fields below can be specified individually for other types of
recording. If NO RECORDING is desired for any trigger level, this setting has
to be entered first in one of the parameter fields identified as 13. The
reason for this is that the roll key (9) will change the settings in all three
parameter fields at once, except for the NO RECORDING setting. The remaining
levels are set by rolling through with key (9) to the desired recording
setting for both of them.
If the parameter field 12 is specified as Transition Recording, Data Qualified
Recording, or Normal Recording, then all the parameter fields and trigger
levels will be automatically set the same.
If, however, Data Qualified
Recording is selected in field 12, then recording can proceed somewhat
independently on each trigger level because of preset qualifier words.
The recording conditions set in one level for Level Select recording are valid
until the trigger executes and the trigger delay is over.
For further information on Transition recording and Data Qualified recording,
see Section 4.1.3, 4.1.4 and 4.2.3, 4.2.4.

KLA-5000-o1

USER'S GUIDE

3-47

j.

Data Qualifier Words

Words input in the Trigger Words Menu are used as qualifier words in Data
Qualified recording.
These words can be called up later in the Trigger
Sequence Menu by inputting the word number from the Trigger Word Menu or its
mnemonic.
In Level Select recording qualifier words can be selected for each trigger
level. If more than one qualifier word is selected in a given trigger level,
the KL~ OR connects these automatically, and only one word needs to meet the
qualifying condition for triggering to occur.

k.

Time Measurement/Clock Counting (Option)

When this option is added to the KLA, the point in time when a word is
detected during Transition recording and Data Qualified recording is stored.
This time information can be stored in absolute time units with 10 ns
resolution, or in cycles of the master clock MI.
The setting for the time
units to be used is made in field 14 as identified in Figure 3-17 for Data
Qualified recording, and in Figure 3-18, for Data Qualified recording.
Data times are displayed in the data list next to the corresponding data.
From the stored data times information, a timing diagram can be reconstructed
which corresponds to recording made with a clock frequency of 100 MHz.
Since
only the data changes are recorded, the timing diagram extends over a longer
time frame than a conventional timing diagram.
(See also Section 4.1.3,
Transition Recording).

1.

Probe Selection For Transition Check

Field 15 shown in Figure 3-15,
Parameterfields in Trigger Sequence Menu is
used for setting the numbers of Probes to be checked for data transitions.
Then, all data
This input is valid for all trigger levels jointly.
transitions happening on selected probe inputs are recorded on all channels.

3-48

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

SUMMARY OF INPUTS IN THE TRIGGER SEQUENCE MENU
1.

TRIGGER CONDITIONS/TRIGGER LEVELS

Trigger level with a time frame limited at both ends:
WORD SEARCHED
1

SEARCH TIME WINDOW
2

INSTRUCTION IF FOUND
3

INSTRUCTION IF NOT FOUtID
4

Example:
<4> IF WRD 7 OCCURS BETWEEN 00512 AND 00522 COUNTS, THEN GO TO <5> (next level)
ELSE RESTART
Trigger level with a time frame not limited at both ends:
FIRST l·TORD SEARCHED
EVENT COUNTER
SEARCH TDIE WINDOW
no time limit at either end
INSTRUCTION WHEN FOUND
SECOND WORD SEARCHED

optional

INSTRUCTION WHEN SECOND
WORD FOUND
Example:
IF WORD 8 OCCURS 00029 TIMES after 00007 COUNTS, THEN TRIGGER
BUT IF WORD INTAC OCCURS, THEN RESTART

KLA- 5000-0 1

USER'S GUIDE

3-49

2 •• CALLUP OF A WORD BEING SEARCHED
Input WORD NUMBER from Trigger Word Menu or
Input MNEMONIC
Use ROLL key (9) to scroll through the trigger word list when in SCREEN mode
Use UP or DOWN keys from key group (6) when in FIELD mode to display input or
to jum] to TRIGGER LEVELS
3.

EVENT COUNTER

Use with open time window
Direct numeric keyboard input 00001 to 65535 clock cycle counts
4.

INSTRUCTION FIELDS

GO TO
RESTART
TRIGGER
ROLL THROUGH WITH KEY(9)
5.

TRIGGER LEVELS

Minimum 5 and maximum 14 levels depending on other instructions and search
windows selelcted.
6.

TRIGGER FILTER

TRIGGER FILTER ••• (VALUE) ON ••• (LEVELS)
Trigger Filter
Trigger Filter

05
12

ALL LEVELS
ON LEVELS 1.

2.XX

4.XX

Where the filter value is a to 15 clock cycles entered via numeric keyboard
and levels are selected with ROLL key (9)

3-50

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-Gl

7.

RECORDING

RECORDING PROCESSES:

NORMAL
DATA QUALIFIED
TRANSITION
LEVEL SELECT
NO RECORDING

TYPE OF RECORDING:
DATA QUALIFIED RECORDING CRITERIA:
ON ONE QUALIFIER WORD OR ON TWO QUALIFIER WORDS WHICH ARE OR'ed.
TRANSITION RECORDING CRITERIA:
CHECK PODS... Specify pod numbers or "X" for pod not to be checked.
TIME MEASUREMENT/CLOCK COUNT

This option is available only with DATA QUALIFIED RECORDING or TRANSITION
RECORDING and will count clock Ml, or measure absolute time.
3.3.2.4

TRIGGER MONITOR

The trigger monitor is a display which appears in place· of the Trigger
Sequence Menu, and allows the user to keep track of the trigger word search
status of the recording in progress. See Figure 3-18, Trigger Monitor. It
automatically appears during recording in the Trigger Sequence Menu, or it can
be called up. by pressing the ROLL key (1) after a recording is finished.
Pressing either one of the HOME keys will bring up the Trigger Monitor
display, however, then it cannot called up again until after another recording
is finished.

KLA- 5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-51

TRIGGER FILTER OS ON LEVELS XX.XX.
NORMAL RECORDING

3.XX

<1>

01 PASSES
00005 OCCURENCES FOUND
IF LD7 OCCURS
00007 TIMES ANYTll1E WITH CLOCK M2, THEN GOTO <2>
BUT IF WRD 3 OCCURS, THEN RESTART

<2>

01 PASSES
IF IN23 OCCURS BEFORE 01000 COUNTS CLOCK M2, THEN GOTO <3>
ELSE RESTART

<3>

00 PASSES
IF OUTs4 OCCURS 00001 TIMES ANYTIME WITH CLOCK INT, THEN GOTO <4>
NO SECOND TRIGGERWORD

<4>

00 PASSES
IF GLTCH OCCURS 0001 TIMES ANYTIME WITH CLOCK INT, THEN TRIGGER
NO SECOND TRIGGERWORD

Figure 3-18

Trigger Monitor

Notes to Figure 3-18:
During high speed recordings there can be a difference between the number
of searched events indicated by callout (3) and the number actually found
a t that time.
If a trigger level is passed through too quickly, it is possible to lose
the information in that level , and the pass counter indicated by callout
(1) will show too small a value.

Since the length of time it takes to show the latest information is
essentially determined by the screen updates, if during recording a display
other than the Trigger Monitor, such as a menu or time/data display is on the
screen, the speed with which the KLA processor can follow the pass counter is
conSiderably increased. When the Trigger Monitor is called up later, the pass
counter values will agree with the actual count, even if trigger levels were
passed through very quickly.

3-52

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

The Trigger Monitor display gives information on:
a.

The path taken by the KLA to get to the trigger instruction t which is
especially useful when the sequence selected allows for several
possibilities.

b.

The last trigger condition searched in the trigger sequence t which is
especially useful if one of the searched words is not found and
triggering is stuck.

c.

The number of times a trigger level has been run through or jumped to

d.

Indication ot which trigger level is presently active

e.

If the event counter is set t the number of events found so far is
displayed.

for reasons of space t the Trigger Moni tor does not display all trigger
levels at the same timet these can be brought up with UP and DOWN directional
cursor keys from key group (6)t when in SCREEN mode; that iS t the SCREEN key
is first pressed before scrolling through the trigger levels.
If

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-53

3.3.2.5

TRIGGER LEVEL FLOW DIAGRAMS
Flow Chart For Trigger Levels

1•

Time Window 11ANYTIME"

<•• > IF

WRD 1 OCCURS m TIMES ANYTIME, THEN (INSTRUCTION 1)
BUT IF WRD 2 OCCURS, (INSTRUCTION 2)

Set
Event Counter
e:=m

yes

no

no

Instruction 2

3-54

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

2.

Time Window "AFTER m COUNTS"

<•• > IF

WRD 1 OCCURS n TIMES AFTER m COUNTS, THEN (INSTRUCTION 1)
BUT IF WRD 2 OCCURS, THEN (INSTRUCTION 2)

Set
Clock Counter
c:=m

yes

no
Set Event Counter
e: = n

no

no

Instruction 2

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-55

3.

Time Window "ON m COUNTS"

<•• > IF

WRD 1 OCCURS ON m COUNTS, THEN (INSTRUCTION 1)
ELSE (INSTRUCTION 2)

Set
Clock Counter
c: = m

no

Instruction 2

3-56

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

4.

Time Window "BEFORE m COUNTS"

<•• > IF

WRD 1 OCCURS BEFORE m COUNTS, THEN (INSTRUCTION 1)
ELSE (INSTRUCTION 2)

Trigger Level
"BEFORE m COUNTS"

Set
Clock Counter
c:= m

yes
no

no

Instruction 1

KLA- 5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-57

5•

Time Window "BE.TWEEN m

<•• > IF

WRD 1

AND n COUNTS"

OCCURS BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS,

THEN (INSTRUCTION 1)
ELSE (INSTRUCTION 2)

Trigger Level

"BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS"

Set
Clock Counter
c: = m

no

Set
Clock Counter

c:= (n-m)+l

yes

no

Instruction 2

3-58

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

3.3.2.6

CURRENT CONCEPTS IN SEQUENTIAL TRIGGERING

KLA offers all of the sequential triggering capabilities available on the
latest logic analyzers. In sequential triggerring instructions like:
a•

"THEN"

t

"FIND IN SEQUENCE ••• " t "TRIGGER ON ••• FOLLOWED BY ••• "

are used to set the order in which the trigger events will occur. All of
these connections are made by the KLA command GOTO, plus the ability to follow
any path through the trigger levels, including jumps and loops. Any preset
sequence is easily altered by giving jump addresses.
Connections like THEN usually leave the time distance between appearance of
sequentially searched words open, thus they correspond to the KLA time window
"ANYTIME". For example:
<1) IF WRD 1 OCCURS 00025 TIMES ~ryTIME, THEN GOTO <2)
<2) IF WRD 2 OCCURS BEFORE 00064 COUNTS, THEN TRIGGER
ELSE RESTART
However, in step <2), THEN instruction is given with a closed time window
(ON ••• , BEFORE ••• , BETWEEN ••• )

KLA Start

no

no

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-59

"THEN NOT", "NOT" •••
With this type of setting, the trigger condition is fulfilled when the trigger
word is NOT found.
When the word is found, the trigger level is not
fulfilled, and the KLA executes a jump to the first trigger level and restarts
the trigger word search again.
<1>
<2>

••• , THEN GOTO <2>
IF WRDNT OCCURS ON 00001 COUNTS, THEN RESTART
ELSE TRIGGER
KLA Start

no

yes

can
entries
back to
t rigger

Y~A

trigger on the non-occurrance of a certain word, with the time window
"ON m COUNTS", "BEFORE m COUNTS" or "BETWEEN m AND n COUNTS. Jumping
the first trigger level is not necessary for finding the preset
word.

Use of a limited time search window such as ON ••• , BEFORE ••• , BETWEEN ••• is
typical for triggering on the non-appearance of a word.
The instruction
beginnning with ELSE applies to the fulfillment of the condition.

3-60

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

b.

"RESTART", "RESET ON ••• ", "WINDOW TRIGGER"

With a "WINDOW TRIGGER" setting, the data words are found within a certain
area of the data stream; between the beginning and the end of a window.
However, if the word corresponding to the end of the window appears before the
trigger search is complete, then the trigger word search has to res tart.
Therefore a RESTART word or "RESET ON ••• " is defined. This second word is
also searched concurrently during the entire trigger word search.
If the
RESTART word is found, it causes a jump back to the beginning of the window
trigger.
A window trigger for the KLA might look like the following example
(1)
(2)

0)
(4)
(5)

...
, THEN GOTO (2)
...
, THEN GOTO
IF BEGIN OCCURS 00001 TIMES ANYTIME, THEN GOTO (4)
0)

NO SECOND TRIGGERWORD
IF WRD 1 OCCURS 00023 TIMES
BUT IF RESTART OCCURS, THEN
IF WRD 2 OCCURS 00001 TIMES
BUT IF RESTART OCCURS, THEN

AFTER 00014 COUNTS, THEN GOTO (5)
GOTO (3)
ANYTIME, THEN TRIGGER
GOTO (3)

Triggering is on the last word searched in this example. Searching for the
word RESTART occurs parallel with trigger levels 2 and 3 as a jump condition.
The following flow diagram illustrates this example:

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-61

no

no

yes

no

yes

no

3-62

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

c.

"ARM"

This is a precondition which prepares the logic analyzer for triggering.
Usually it is a word which must be found, once or several times before the
real trigger condition is searched.
For the KLA, the trigger level( s) run through to find the arming word( s)
before jumping to the trigger level containing the trigger command, is the
"ARM" precondition.

d.

"DATA QUALIFIED CLOCKING", "SELECTIVE TRACE", "TRACE ONLY ••• "

Wi th these conditions, data can only be recorded if it agrees with qualifier
words consisting of 1,O,X.
In the Data Qualified Recording operation, the KLA separates qualification
from triggering.
The
qualifying conditions
do
not necessarily cause
triggering, and conversely, events which do not correspond to the qualifying
conditions can be triggered on. This differs from clock qualification, where
words which do not correspond to the qualifying conditions are not sampled,
and cannot be used as trigger events.
In addition, in the Configuration Menu,
up to six OR connected clock qualifier words of 6 bits each can be set for
each clock.

e.

TRANSITIONAL CLOCKING

KLA Transitional Recording corresponds to this procedure.
An additional
feature of the KLA is the TM option which permits a time to be recorded with
each transition event.
Later a timing diagram of somewhat extended time
window dimensions can be reconstructed from this data.

3.3.3

SPECIAL MENUS

These are the COMPARE HENU, STORE/RECALL HENU, and
I/O HENU.
The STD/SPEC
key (2) is used to switch to the special menus from the standard menus.
Selection of special menus is by the ROLL key (9).

3.3.3.1 COMPARE MENU
This is the menu for setting parameters for cyclic comparison of reference
data with source data also referred to as babysitting.
See Figure 3-19,
Compare Menu--One Segment Comparison.
This is a cyclic process of automatic
data comparison and display which can be used to detect and analyze
intermittent errors.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-63

COM PAR E

MEN U

iWj SEGMENT COMPARISON

SEGMENT 1
COMPARE GROUPS
1iIU1~;U:.l:l1_ _
OF
REFERENCE SEGMENT
~
WITH SOURCE SEGMENT III. +0512
IGNORE JITTER OF ± WSAMPLES
CONDITION 1 IS ~ IF R=S

Bill

ImJill IF COND IT ION 1 TR UE

TOTAL NUMBER OF COMPARE CYCLES
ROLL TO DESIRE~ SEbE~TIQN

Figure 3-19

11111111111

~

Compare Menu--One Segment Comparison

--------"-"----"------------3-64

USER'S GUIDE

OCCURRENCES

KLA-SOOO-Ol

COM PAR E

MEN U

SEGMENT COMPARISON
SEGMENT 1
~~-------S-C~-~-~:-:-~-~-RO-U-P-S----~----~-----2
COMPARE GROUPS
OF
OF
REFERENCE SEGMENT
REFERENCE SEGMENT
WITH SOURCE SEGMENT
WITH SOURCE SEGMENT
IGNORE JITTER OF ± ~AMPLES
IGNORE JITTER OF ± ~AMPLES

1 ___

COND lTI ON 1

IS:!"

I F~R=:;:S:-------;:;CO~N-;-DI;:;:T~I0;;N~2-;I~SIi'--lIiiii''''-:-;IF~R--;::S:----- 4

5

: ____ IF CONDITION 1~ CONDITION 2 TRUE

ROLL TO

DESIR~~ S~b~CTIQN·

Figure 3-20

-_.

__._-

KLA-5000-01

Parameter Fields In Compare Menu--Two

Se~ent

Comparison

USER'S GUIDE

3-65

The reference data necessary for this comparison can be a previous recording
of a test run, or a control run with the same system being tested.
The
reference data can be stored on a diskette, or read in over one of the
interfaces. See Section 3.3.3.3.
Before executing a cyclic comparison, Compare Menu inputs have to be
selected. See Figure 3-20, Parameter Fields In Compare Menu for the field
reference numbers listed below.
PARAMETER FIELD
Number Of Segments To Be Compared
(Selection is either ONE or TWO)
Channel Groups
Segment Boundaries
Comparison Tolerances
Search For Data Equality/Inequality

CALLOUT NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-20
1
2

3
4

Fields 5, 6. and 7

To start a cyclic Record/Compare press the EXECUTE key (19)
To make a single run comparison press the RUN/STOP key (20)
Channel Groups For Comparison
If the comparison is not over the full number of KLA channels, then the user
can select the channel groups for comparison in field 2. Channel selection is
most useful when only a portion of the data repeats over some of the channels,
and can be compared; for example, when the address bus runs in a reproducible
loop. but the data coming to the bus can vary because it comes in on I/O ports.
In the Compare Menu the cursor is positioned by using LEFT, and RIGHT movement
cursors from key group (11). Entering an "X" will turn off and remove those
channel groups from the comparison.
Inputting a letter will turn them on
again.

3-66

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

Table 4
FIELD

Inputs In The Compare Menu
REMARKS

NAME

INPUT KEY

SETTINGS

1

Segment
Comparison

Comparison of
1 or 2 memory
segments

ONE or TWO

2

Groups

Channel Group
Selection

Letter A••• H
of compared channels

3

OF •••
SEGMENT

Segment boundaries

Any starting and ending +,address from KLA address
space 2

4

JITTER

Comparison
Tolerance

+ 0 •••+9

5

6

7

Define conditions
for data equality

ROLL

A-H, X

0 ••• 9

TRUE/FALSE

ROLL

if

STORE IF •••
HALT IF •••
COUNT IF •••

ROLL

Condition for
stop count

COND 1 AND COND 2 TRUE
COND 1 OR COND 2 TRUE

Halt/count/store

ROLL

Segment Boundaries
Field 3 shown in Figure 3-20, Parameter Fields In Compare Menu is where the
user enters the starting and ending addresses for the memory areas to be
compared.
Source and reference memory can be defined independently at
different addresses, however, the length of the segments being compared must
be identical.
The ability to define segment boundaries makes it possible to limit comparison
areas which is necessary whenever data is reproducible only in short
fragments. An example would be triggering on a subroutine in a microprocessor
program, determining the address for the subroutine, and then executing the
comparison in the exact memory segment where this subroutine is located.
Comparison Tolerance (Jitter)
Sometimes it is necessary to ignore jitter during comparison of source and
reference data so that the two data streams can be considered identical. This
comparison tolerance is entered in field 4 of the Compare Menu, from 0 to + 9
memory places.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-67

Example:
Assume that memory address x in the reference memory and y in the
memory are assigned to each other for data comparison. Then:

source

1.

For A Comparison Tolerance Of 0 Samples: Data is considered identical
only if a data transition (0 to 1 or 1 to 0) at address x in reference
memory, appears exactly at address y in source memory.

2.

For A Comparison Tolerance of + n Samples:
Data is considered
identical only if the same transition is found anywhere between x-n
and x+n in reference memory, and y-n and y+n in the source memory.

I

'---_I

REFERENCE

!~

±1 SAMPLE

I

SOURCE

I

MEMORY
LOCATION

5

I

L
I
I
I

I
I

i
I

i

I

-'2

,

I

I

I
I

I

I

I

I

I

,

I

I

i

I
I

I

I

I

r-I

I

I

I

5 I

Figure 3-21 Data Comparison With Jitter Of + 1 Sample
One Reference And One Source Channel Have Been Removed

---_._----------_._._--_._--- - - - ' - - 3-68

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

In Figure 3-21, Data Comparison With A Comparison Tolerance of + 1 Sample
shows four transitions.
The first, second, and third transitions are
considered identical. The second. transition would be interpreted as having a
comparison tolerance of O. But the fourth transition is considered to be not
identical.
Preset comparison tolerances are most useful with recordings done with the
internal clock of the logic analyzer, which is asynchronous to the system
clock.
Data can be caught with an uncertainty of + 1 sample, so that two
recordings compared with each other will differ only -by the preset comparison
tolerance number of memory places in the position of their data transitions.
With synchronous systems, where data is recorded with the system clock, there
are asynchronous signals whose timing is unclear.
The timing of the
appearance of asynchronous signals can be checked by presetting comparison
tolerances.
Search For Data Equality/Inequality
In all cases where reference data and source data differ by more than the
preset comparison tolerance parameters, they are treated as a non-identity.
Source and reference data are considered unequal when the data transition at
the assigned position x in the source memory is not found in source memory
between addresses y-n and y+n.
True/False Definitions
Refer to field 5 in Figure 3-20, Parameter Fields In The Compare Menu.
A
data equality is searched for within the Compare Menu.
The search for data
equality is done by setting a search condition (CONDITION 1 and CONDITION 2)
is set as either TRUE or FALSE, for when data is found.
See Field 5 in
Figure 3-20. Depending on whether the conditions are true or false, a Halt,
Count, or Store function is executed.
Count/Halt/ Store IF •••
Refer to Figure 3-20, field 6. There are three selections in this parameter
field: HALT IF ••• , STORE IF ••• , COUNT IF ••• which can be selected by the ROLL
key (9). In this field the user sets whether a recording is to be stored in
the source memory, or "frozen" on diskette when the searched situation is
found.
In HALT IF... mode, cyclic record/ compare is interrupted if the searched
condition is met: the data of the last recording is preserved in the source
memory.
In STORE IF ••• mode, the source data is stored on diskette if the searched
condition is fulfilled. The recording process begins with the reference file,
a file number is entered on the Store/Recall Menu (discussed in the next
section 3.3.3.2) in the reference file column under STORE.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-69

In COUNT IF ••• mode, shown in Figure 3';"19, the present counter status for
frequency of appearance of the searched condition is shown. There is also a
counter which indicates how many record/compare cycles have been executed up
to then.
If reference and source memories are compared in only one segment then
HALT/COUNT/STORE will occur if CONDITION 1 is TRUE.
If a data inequality is
sought, choose FALSE in field 5. To find a data equality, set it at TRUE.
If reference and source memories are compared in two segment comparison,
HALT/COUNT/STORE will occur i f only one or i f both conditions are true.
If
data inequality is to be detected in both segments, set FALSE in field 5 and
OR in field 7. If data equality is searched, set field 5 at TRUE, and field 7
at AND.
Cyclic data comparison with Transition Recording is not useful.
individual data words are stored at only one memory position,
comparison makes no sense.

3 .3 .3.2

Since
cyclic

STORE/RECALL MENU

The user can store system setups on the diskette that incorporate changes made
to the system diskette to store the most frequently used setup, rather than
the simplest possible setup which is delivered with the system. These setup
files can be stored under user assigned names.
Up to 10 complete system
setups are stored. A setup consists of all parameters in the input fields in
reverse video at the time of storage.
In addition to the setup files, up to 10 complete reference memory contents
can be stored.
If a recording in the source memory is to be stored on the
diskette, this data must first be transferred to reference memory as follows:
1.

Go to a timing or data display and callup SRC . field.
2. Press EXECUTE key (19)

REF in the memory

All the information including time and data display is stored on diskette, and
available for subsequent analysis.
When the KLA is turned on, files 0 (default files) are loaded. Therefore, it
is recommended that either the most frequently used setup be stored in these
files, or else the setup that provides the most advantageous starting point
for the necessary changes.
File 0 on the diskette delivered with the unit corresponds to the simplest
possible setup, which is designed to step the user from the easiest to the
more complex capabilities of the instrument in successive small steps. It is
a good idea to keep the default file intact, whenever several people use the
KLA, or long intervals occur between utilizations by a single user.

3-70

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

S TOR E / R E CAL L MEN U
LIST OF REFERENCE FILES
NO
NAME
o
DEFAULT
1
DMBA10M
2
DMBBINT
3
RECORD3
4
RECORD4
5
RECORD5
6
RECORD6
7
RECORD7
8
RECORD8
9
RECORD9

LIST OF SETUP FILES
NO
NAME
o
DEFAULT
1
DMBA10M
2
DMBBINT
3
INTRFACE
4
VIDEOCTR
5
KDT TEST
6
Z 8001
7
CONDRAM
8
SETUP8
9
SETUP9
1

STORE ' I
RECALL I

1l1li:l111li1,

STORE

"I

. . . .~

2

"''-____R_E_CA_L_L_I______~
_

_.Jo._

PRESS (EXECUTE) FOR STORE/RECALL
ENTER NEW NAr1E

Figure 3-22

KLA-5000-01

Parameter Fields In Store/Recall Menu

USER'S GUIDE

3-71

See Figure 3-22,
Parameter Fields In Store/Recall Menu for the two fields
where parameters are entered.
Field 1 is the file number, and field 2 the
file name parameter field. Execution of the Store/Recall process is with the
EXECUTE key (19).
As seen in Figure 3-22 the file names and file numbers
are listed in two columns as Setup Files and Reference Files. File numbers (0
to 9) are input in fields identified as 1, and file names of up to 8
characters are entered in fields identified as 2.
After execution of the
storage process, the file name appears next to the file number on the list
above
the parameter fields.
Table 6 summarizes the inputs in the
Store/Recall Menu.
Table 5

Inputs In The Store/Recall Menu

REMARKS

SETTINGS

INPUT KEY

FIELD

NAME

1

STORE •••
RECALL •••

Store in memory
callup of setup or
reference files

0 ••• 9

o••• 9

2

STORE •••

Name under which
file is to be
stored

up to 8 characters

A •• •2,
SHIFT X

Treatment Of Read and Write Errors
When the device is turned on, the list of file names is read out, along with
the operating program, and both default files.
Any read errors originating
during reading of this dire tory are corrected during repeated read attempts.
The directory, whether correct or not, is accepted after the tenth read
attempt at the latest.
For example, erroneous names or symbols will be
present in the Store/Recall menu in the case of an erroneous directory.
Callup of the desired file is still possible.
Read errors originating during recall of a file
corrected by repeated read attempts.
After the
the screen will display "PERMANENT DISK ERROR".
whether files on other error-free diskettes also
or if individual files or diskettes are destroyed

in the Store/Recall Menu are
tenth read attempt however,
The user should then test
show correctable read errors,
or defective.

If write errors happen repeatedly during storage of a Setup or Reference file,
after the tenth write attempt the message "PERMANENT DISK ERROR" appears on
the screen.
In this case, try storing another diskette.
Use a new Kontron
diskette with system software.
If this is also unsuccessful, a hardware
problem may be involved. Call your Kontron Service Representative.

3-72

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-SOOO-Ol

3.3.3.3

1/0 MENU

The 1/0 Menu (See Figure 3-23. Parameter Fields In The 1/0 Menu), is used to
set the outputs of the KLA.
Interface parameters can be set using the inputs provided on the 1/0 menu.
These are listed below in Table 6, Parameter Fields In The 1/0 Menu
Table 6 Parameter Fields In The 1/0 Menu

PARAMETER
Control
CTRL Printer Interface
Callup Interface Test
Display Received Data

FIELD NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-23
1
2

12
13

For serial interface with remote option Serial A or serial printer port
Baud Rate
Number of Data Bits
Parity Bit
Number of Stop Bits

3
4
5

6

For remote mode option with Serial A only
Computer/Terminal Function
Full/Half Duplex Operation
CTRL Handshake

7
8
9

If the software handshake is selected
Synchronization Character
Delay

10
11

For IEEE-488 interface (GPIB if selected)
GPIB Address
End Character
SRQ Function

14
15
16

Parameter fields belonging to an optional interface not included in the device
cannot be called up on the screen in the I/O Menu.

KLA- 5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-73

1/0

I~.ID.Y

CONTROL :
PRINTER OUTPUT
3 SERIAL PORT A

MENU

r------------------------l

-----------------2

(WIRED AS A

MODEr~):

/)1

4

BAUDRAT~MmIil ~

9

TO COMM UN I CATE WIT H A tI.]~I:lII •• N 111111111111;'.".
KLA EXPECTS AN ECHO OF EACH SENDED CHARACTER

DATA BITS +

\mID

PARITY BIT

~

1181 STOPBITS

= TOTAL WORD 7

:J1

8

HANDS HA K~I:r!1tU0I!UJI
KLA SENDS RTS AND WAITS FOR CTS
PRINTER IS CENTRONICS COMPATIBLE
~--------------------------------12

TEST:
(lGt_ _
INCOMMI
3
OUTPUT TEXT IS: KLAJCRJLF ;PRESS SPEC. KEY Fl FOR SENDING
REMOTE CONTROL IS 1I1.ln..m~1:ltllI.DIJ::..=:..:..::.:...-.:.~~-===~------14

Figure 3-23

3-74

USER'S GUIDE

Parameter Fields In The 1/0 Menu

----------

KLA-5000-01

Some of the parameter settings listed in Table 6 will now be explained.
a. Control Setting
In field 1 the user selects the control point for individual device
functions. The available selections are:
Keyboard
Keyboard and Serial A
Serial A
Keyboard and GPIB
GPIB
If control selected in this field is one of the two remote
interfaces, (Serial A or GPIB), keyboard control is retained as long
as the remote operation in field 18 is not enabled.
If remote
operation is enabled, switching back to the keyboard is only possible
with the proper command from the interface.
b. Printer Interface Setting
In field 2, the user selects one of the two printer ports available
for output.
Data output on the activated printer port begins by
pressing key Fl at which time the present contents of the screen are
printed out. A serial printer will print out menus and data lists,
however, a parallel printer is needed for printing the graphics of
the timing diagram. In the data list, the memory area to be printed
out can be defined by setting boundaries Sand C.
c. Interface Parameters
In fields 3, 4, 5, and 6 as shown in Figure 3-23, baud rate,
number of data bits, parity, and stop bits are set.
These are
normally set for the serial printer port Serial B. If the optional
remote interface Serial A is available, then they are set for the
Serial A interface option.
d. Switching Functions Computer/Terminal
In field 8, full or half duplex mode of operation is selected. Then
in field 7, the user selects which of the two devices sends and which
one receives an echo.
If the other device is functioning as a
computer, the KLA expects to receive a full echo for each symbol
sent. If the other device is functioning as a receiving terminal,
the KLA will send an echo for each symbol sent.
In half duplex operation, the data path is one-way, therefore sending
of an echo is not possible.
The setting in field 7 has no
application in the half duplex operation.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-75

e. Handshake
The type of handshake is set in field 9. The selections are hardware
handshake, software handshake, or no handshake.
With the hardware handshake setting, the KLA sets the request-to-send
(RTS) lead, and waits until the clear-to-send (CTS) lead is set by
the other device before sending out the data.
The software selection is the synchronization to a certain symbol.
The sync symbol is entered in field 11 in the form of two hexadecimal
symbols which represent the corresponding ASCII symbols.
After
receiving the sync symbol, KLA waits for another user selectable time
interval before sending out the next data block.
This user
selectable time interval is set in field 11, and is necessary for
meaking sure that the other device is free to receive, before the KLA
sends out more data.

f.

Interface Test

Before starting to use remote control over one of the interface
functions, especially when remote control over serial A does not seem
to be functioning properly, it is recommended tha t the user perform
an interface test in field 2 of Figure 3-23, Parameter Fields In
The I/O Menu.
When a test of the SERIAL INTERFACE is executed, the data received on
serial A port is directly displayed in field 13, which is comparable
to a receiving terminal.
A test string can be sent over serial A (remote control), serial B,
or parallel printer port by pushing key Fl. The receiving instrument
should get the following data:
KONTRON LOGIC ANALYSER
ASCII TEST: !"$S'$%&'()*+,-/OI23456789
THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG !
after the interface test is complete, or the menu has been changed,
key Fl is restored to its regular function which is to start output
from the KLA.
The KLA has four interfaces available.

3-76

These are:

1.

RS-232C printer port

2.

Parallel printer port, Centronics compatible

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

3.

Remote RS-232C interface.
This is an option which
control and data transfer capabilities to the KLA

gives

remote

4.

IEEE-488 (GPIB, IEC bus) two-way interface. This is an option which
also gives remote control and data transfer capabilities to the KLA.

Interfaces 1 and 2 listed above allow the print-out of any display: menu,
timing diagram or data list via keyboard commands given from the KLA.
The
optional interfaces listed in 3 and 4 above allow full two-way remote control
operation of the KLA, including programming of menus, and Store/Recall
operations from diskettes using a macrolanguage. Complete instructions on how
to use the option are shipped with the option.
Parallel/Serial Conversion Switch For Printer Port
the interface board, which is the second board from the top in the KLA, are
three slide switches. These switches enable the serial printer port versus
the parallel printer port depending on left or right positioning. To reach
these swi tches, remove the rear panel, by removing the four Phillips screws
and access the KLA cardcage. The three slide switches are directly behind the
printer and serial interface plugs.
See Figure 3-24,
Parallel/Serial
Conversion Switch For Printer Port.
On

KLA- 5000-0 1

USER'S GUIDE

3-77

o------o
~oo;:::==========::::oo-o D
o

c::J

D
D 1. . --'6$=~0;;:::=!LOo

o

0----0

o

PARALLEL

o

SERIAL

o

o

~

@~~llllIij~

@

Figure 3-24 Parallel/Serial Conversion Switch For Printer Port

----------_._-_.
3-78 ". USER'S CUIDE

KLA-5000-01

Looking at the switches from the rear of the KLA, the switches are set as
follows:
All three switches pushed LEFT = Printer Parallel Port
All three switches pushed RIGHT = Printer Serial Port
The KLA interfaces output from the following plugs:
INTERFACE

PLUG

Menu SERIAL A INTERFACE
Menu SERIAL B INTERFACE
Menu PARALLEL INTERFACE
For pin assignments
Assignments.

of

SERIAL INTERFACE
PRINTER PORT
PRINTER PORT
the

printer

ports

see

Chapter

7

Schematics/Pin

Table 7 summarizes the inputs from the I/O Menu.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-79

Table 7
FIELD

NAl1E

1

CONTROL

Inputs In The I/O Menu

REr,1ARKS
Control of device

SETTINGS
Keyboard
Keyboard +Serial Al
Serial A
Keyboard + GPIB
GPIB

INPUT KEY

ROLL

Serial B
Parallel

ROLL

BAUD RATEl

110, 150, 300, 600,
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600

ROLL

4

DATA BITS 1

5, 6, 7, 8

ROLL

5

PARITY BIT 1

EVEN,ODD NONE

ROLL

6

STOP BITS 1

1, 1.5, 2

ROLL

7

ECHO 1

set echo
send/receive
device

COMPUTER
TERMINAL

ROLL

8

DUPLEX SETTING l

set full or half

FULL DUPLEX
HALF DUPLEX

ROLL

9

HANDSHAKE l

NONE
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE

ROLL

2

PRINTER
OUTPUT

3

1

°

CHARACTER 1

Set Printer
interface

sync of symbols

T~O

HEX SYMBOLS

o••• 9,
A •• • F

11

DELAY 1

sending delay

1, la, 100, 1000

ROLL

12

TEST 1

interface test
callup

NONE
SERIAL INTERFACE

ROLL

13

INCOMING DATAl

display of data received via interface SERIAL A

3-80

14

Activate remote
operation 1

15

End symbol sent
by KLA1

USER'S GUIDE

ENABLED
DISABLED

ROLL
ROLL

KLA-SOOO-Ol

Table 7
FIELD
16

NAME

SRQ Trigger

Inputs In The I/O Menu (ctd)
SETTINGS

REMARKS

TRIPPER
RELEASE

INPUT KEY
ROLL

NOTE TO TABLE 7
1

3.4

These settings or input fields appear only when the interface option is
present and is called up.
DATA DISPLAY

3.4.1 TIMING DIAGRAM DISPLAY
Even though it has up to 64 channels, the KLA is capable of displaying all of
its channels in a timing diagram. This timing diagram can be an 8-channel or
a 16-channel display. The channels to be displayed can be selected at random,
or scrolled.through vertically with SCREEN MOVE.
To display a Timing Diagram:
1. Press key (4) TIMING
2. Press key (8) SCREEN
3. Scroll up or down with UP or DOWN keys (6)
For easy recognition, all channels can be assigned mnemonics.
Time
measurement with two cursors, and word search are also possible. Parameters
can be entered in input fields around the actual timing diagram display. See
Figure 3-25,
8- and 16- Channel Timing Diagram Displays, Figure 3-26,
Sub-menus In The Timing Display, and Figur~ 3-27,
Input Fields In The
Timing Display. An explanation of the various areas of the timing display is
given in the next section.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-81

3.4.1.1

EXPLANATION OF THE AREAS OF THE TIMING DISPLAY

In addition to the graphics of the timing diagram. the following information
appears on the KLA screen in timing display:

SCREEN AREA
a.
b.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

3-82

CALL OUT NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-25 AND FIGURE 3-26

Raster
Resolution
Unresolved Areas
Cursor Line (C)
Trigger Line (T)
"Start Nagnification" (S)
Address and Data At S, C. and T
Time Distances Between S, C, and T
Internal Clock Rate For Recording
Orientation Scale
Glitches

USER'S GUIDE

1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

KLA-SOOO-Ol

6

I

INPUTS S

T.

S

=: .....................

T

_ . .S

TI

MEMORY

1 .:: ::::::::::::::::::It7.:::::::::::::2::::::::::5.;:N
Irri
IT

1......................
'-

........ . : ....... 1::::::::::::::::::
S

.

T

:::::::::::~:R~~!-2
--

I. ......... ,........ :~~IT
~

1

1 US--9

... ~: : 1.,. J::::t .. J::: J... J: ::0:::: L
....

7

1

MARKER
ADDR
START MAG S -0022
CURSOR
C +0000
TRIGGER
T +~OO
-1535

DATA
0001 0101
1101 0001
1101 0001

:1. ....
HOME
TIME DISTANCES
S-T -00.022 MS S'
C-T +00.000 MS C'
T C-S +00.022 MS"
",.
+0512

8

---------------------10

~.

Figure 3-25

KlA- 5000-01

8-Channel Timing Display

USER'S GUIDE

3-83

~--------------_______4

6--II-~-P----1-...-...-..-...-.. --..>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~:<,,-;::-: -:-;:-;";-;:-: -: -".,-: -:IM-tJi-~-~~-iM-I--5
~

I ................... ..........

I LS"~
I
!~
II " ,"

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::~::::::::i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: IC~~

I.......................... ,...................................................................................

•

, ................

I

~"~'::~ .. ' ...... ~ ;iC~s

........................... ' ........ :,' ..

~

::~

, ,......

~

",I, ................................... ........ .................................

•
•

I ............................. I
I ............................ ..'

'"'

1, .............. .1

MARKER
ADDR
START MAG S -2389
CURSOR
C -0380
TRIGGER
T +0000

S

, '" , "" '" " '"'' , "" ,1.. .............. ..
, , " I I ,I••.•..••• , ..................... ,I
,
1............... .1
1.............. ..1

DATA
1010 1001 0100 0111
1010 1000 0000 1010
1010 1001 0100 1011

.<.'-._._-_

-3071----~_ _ _ _

Figure 3-26

3-84

USER'S GUIDE

32BIT

TIME DISTANCES
S-T -023.89 US
C-T -003,80 US
C-S +020.09 US

r.:

~~~§~~T
'l~TIi--- 3
HOME
ADDR

S/+~
C/+~

C
T
11_-_-_-_-_-_._-_-_-_._-______+_10_2_4__

16-Channel Timing Display

KLA-5000-01

10

T'---_ _ _ _ _---..11.'C......... 1-_ _ _ __
1

I
I
I

CURSOR

MAG

ADDR

S -0056
C +0152

DATA

0011 0010 0000 0101
1000 0011 0000 1000

HOME
TIME DISTANCES
ADDR
S-T -00.056 MS I
C- T +00 .152 ~'S I Cf • •

Sf."

...T1H§cagll. _ J _!.OQ.OQ. __ l.0ltLQQU ..QQQQ..lllll__ __ __~s..1!I1.~Q..~.J

L ________________________________________
~
1
S T C

-1023

+1024

Figure 3-27

.-

.

--.-----

I< LA- 5000-01

Sub-Menus In The Timing Display

USER'S GUIDE

3-85

a.

Raster

The dotted line which appears under each channel is the raster for the
time display.
The distance between two points indicates the minimum
distance in which data transitions are still represented as vertical
lines
For maximum magnification the resolution is one bit exactly, so
that the distance between two raster points corresponds exactly to one
memory place.
Since normally the internal clock is used for time
analysis, if the clock rate is chosen correctly. the minimum distance of
two data transitions is a multiple of this raster unit with full
magnification.
0

Display edges can only appear at discrete places on the screen, always
between two raster
points.
Display errors
originating
from
this
requirement no longer appear during magnification.

b.

Resolution

Horizontal resolution in bits is the m1nl.mUm distance between two data
transitions on a channel which is still capable of being displayed as
separate vertical lines. On the display this distance corresponds to the
distance between two raster points.
c.

Unresolved Areas

If the selected magnification is too small, then consecutive data
transitions are displayed not as separate lines, but as shaded areas.
This is caused by more than one transition falling within a raster unit.
d.

Cursor Line

Line C in
functions:

the

timing

display

represents

a

cursor

with

the

following

1.

Orientation to help determine the positions of the displayed channels
on the vertical axis

2.

Reading of data at cursor position

3.

Determining time distances between cursor and trigger position (T) or
start of magnification (S)

Line C is moved by pressing Screen key (8), followed by the LEFT, or RIGHT
directional cursor keys (11). Line C is a different cursor than the one
used for changing inputs in parameter fields.

3-86

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

e.

Trigger Line

Line T marks the trigger position in the time display. This line also
helps the user read the data of the displayed channels, time distances to
the cursor line C, and to the start of magnification.
f.

"Start Magnification"

This line is shown as a solid line only when the magnification is x 1. It
marks the beginning of magnification in memory.
The S line at x 1
magnification and the magnified segment beginning at this location is
moved as follows:
Press SCREEN key (8), then press LEFT or RIGHT movement keys (6).
g.

Address And Data At Positions C, T, And S

The memory addresses for C, T, and S are displayed in field 7 as
identified in Figure 3-25. The bit of the highest value corresponds to
the displayed channel in the top line.
Readout proceeds from top to
bottom.
h.

Time Distances Between Positions C, T, and S

Time distances between positions C, T, and S are displayed in field 8 as
shown in Figure 3-25. These times refer to the internal clock with the
clock rate set during the recording, and are not valid for channels
recorded with an external clock. The resolution with which these clock
times are determined also corresponds to the internal clock rate.
i.

Recording Clock Rate

The clock rate is given in field 9 as shown in Figure 3-25. This rate
refers to the clock rate that was set during the recording and is valid
for all the channels of the display recorded with this internal clock.
The clock rate displayed under NEXT can differ from the PRESENT rate as
long as no recording is done under the new setting.
j.

Orientation Scale

The line at the bottom of the screen display, identified as field 10 in
Figure 3-25, shows the position of the displayed segment in the entire
time window.
When the line is moved from the start magnification
location, the light bar on the line also moves with it.
In the x 1 display, which shows the entire memory, the bar begining with S
represents the beginning of the area for all magnified displays.

KLA-SOOO-OI

USER'S GUIDE

3-87

k.

Glitch Display

If the cursor is in one of the fields for channel number selection, by
entering 8 or 16~ the user can choose between two types of glitch display.
10 8-Channel Time Display. Gli tches are shown as vertical lines on
the signals (half the height of signal edges).
Only the signal
channels or also the gli tch channels that go wi th the same signal
channels can be displayed.
2. 16-Channel Time Display. Glitches appear either as shaded areas
on the signals identified as 3 in Figure 3-25 or are displayed as
logical 1 at the appropriate positions on the glitch channels.
If the original channel sequence (in ascending probe and pin numbers) has
been changed, related pairs of gli tch and signal channels may no longer
appear under each other. By switching between two types of display via
the C cursor on the channel selection field the original ascending
sequence is restored.
If several glitches appear one after another in the same channel, so that
the distance between them is smaller than the resolution at the selected
magnification level, the display changes as follows:
1. In 16-Channel Operation--Glitches which can no longer be displayed
individually are shown on separately displayed glitch channels.
2. In 8-Channel Operation--Glitches appear on separate shaded glitch
channels. They are no longer shown in their full number on signal
channels.

In these cases, resolution has to be increased by selecting a larger
magnification. If there are several glitches between two sampling clock
edges, these are not caught separately.

3-88

USER'S GUIDE

KLA-5000-01

3.4.1.2

INPUT FUNCTIONS IN THE TIMING DISPLAY

The parameter input fields around the timing display are
Input Fields In The Timing Display.

shown in Figure

3-28,

SCREEN AREA
Channel Number and Mnemonics, Channel Sequence
Memory Selection
Channel Number/Glitch Display
Magnification/Time Window Width
Search Operation
Clock preselection
Jump Addresses for Start Magnify and Cursor
Time Window Position

CALLOUT NUMBER IN FIGURE 3-28
1 and 2
3
4
5
6
7
8 and 9
10

In order to input in these fields, first press the FIELD key (7).
The
parameter fields which can accept input flash. ~love between the fields with
cursor movement keys (6).
When SCREEN key (8) is pressed the blinking of the parameter fields stops.
Then the timing display can be scrolled vertically or horizontally.

KLA- 5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-89

1
t

2

t
INPUTS S _...;:C_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---7-T_ _ _ _ MEMORY

I

BJrmD

t

II!IlIml: j
S

81111:11.-3

-,-,-':-'-'-:""'-'--'-'-~'"'__'_'_'_-'-'--'-'--'--'-'--"~_______'II

JD mmm :l~'
C
11.1 ~
1.1

I

.~_----,I,

r--------,

.

:,::,

T

sL~ HN-4

~~

'--t'-'-II

T

C

M

4~H ~5
ES

S~:R~H

EIJ;U--6

:~i-r"]',--'---.JI,LJ"I""-",'. . . . . . ,I'___-----<11,--1---,11~:!~5~T

D~-8

.-..
7

II!I Dmm:';:1.
MARKER
START MAG
CURSOR
TRIGGER
-1023

S ADDR
C -0207
C -0191
T +0000

1

DATA
1111 1101
1111 1111
1100 1000

SC

T

t

HOME
TIME DISTANCES
ADDR
S-T -00,207 MS S'mJMD--9
C-T -00,191 MS C'a.mIaD
C-S +00,016 MS
""--10
+102 11

11

Figure 3-28

3-90

USER'S GUIDE

Input Fields In The Timing Display

KLA-5000-01

The input functions of the timing display will now be explained.
a.

Channel Numbers and Mnemonics, Channel Sequence

The channel numbers of all signal inputs are programmed into the KLA as
follows:
First digit represents number of probe
Second digit represents the input number pin of the probe
Thus the channels of the KLA 64 are not numbered 1 to 64 but in probe
groupings:
10 to 17,
20 to 27, ••• 80 to 87
Field 2 which is the next field after channel numbers, shows a column of
mnemonics for each of the channels.
These mnemonics can be default
mnemonics such as CHOI to CH64 , or they can be assigned by the user. A
mnemonic can be input at any line in field 2 to correspond to a certain
channel. Any combination of active channels can be called by mnemonics.
It is permissible to call up a channel in several places at once.
Channels of probes switched off in the Configuration Menu are not
displayed. Channels read with different clocks are not displayed on the
same time scale. If.a combination of INTERLACE and NON-INTERLACE mode is
selected, than only the channels in INTERLACE operation will be displayed
in the timing diagram. This is because the varying memory length between
interlace and non-interlace channels make simultaneous timing display
impossible.
When switching between INTERLACE or NON-INTERLACE, or a
combination of both, the original channel sequence is restored. The pin
numbers are listed in increasing order from bottom to top.
Channels using and external clock are marked with an X between field 1
channel numbers) and field 2 (mnemonics) in the timing diagram.
b.

Memory Selection/Loading The Reference Memory

The selection of which of the two memories should be displayed is made in
Field 3 in Figure 3-27, Input Fields In The Timing Diagram. Either the
source or the reference memory can be displayed.
The setting S XOR R
executes a quick optical data comparison between both memory contents.
Only the differing locations are displayed as l' s. To load the source
data into the reference memory, the display S
• R is rolled to in field
3, then the EXECUTE key (19) is used to move the data.

KLA-5000-01

USER'S GUIDE

3-91

Table 8 Summary Of Input Functions In The Timing Display
FIELD

NAME

REMARKS

SETTINGS

INPUT KEY

1

CHANNEL NUHBERS

10 to 170 •• 80 to 87

0.0.8

2

CHANNEL MNEMONICS

Up to 4 alphanumeric
characters per field

0 ••• 9

3

MEMORY

ROLL

Data transfer

SOURCE/REFERENCE/
S XOR R
Source to Reference
8 CHN
16 CHN

ROLL

Displayed memory

A •• • z

EXECUTE

4

SHOWN ••• CRN

Number of channels
displayed

5

SHOWN ••• BIT

Number of memory
8 channel:
ROLL
locations displayed 64, 256, 1024, 2048 bits
16 channel:
128, 512, 1024, 2048 bits

6

SEARCH

Search for data
OFF, WORD
wrd, data equality, SRC=REF
data inequality
S>-

..

A

"If';:.

HIGH SPEED BUS IB·BUS)

"

...-'

...

~

u

0:

...

0 ~
-'
0
~
u

::;

'"

0

~

~

~

1:!

"

Q

z

0

ci

a:

0

-'

0

U

z

I

3281T
COUNTER

I

...

MORY

w-'

A

B

::>a:

-c-

'-C-

~

"

~!z
wO

~

TIME
MEMORY

I

r-DATA
ME·
MORY

0:0

I

DATA
ME·

CONDITIONAL
RAM

I-

TRANSITION DETECT

l-+-

"0

~
;:
'----

U

'"

u

:5

r-~

J:

...
::;

<=-

-1
- -1

LINE

TRIGGER
SEOUENCE
CONTROL

..,

0

~

oi

0

u

0

a:

w

---

~

«
~"

RECORD
CONTROL

'm

u-'
«-' .

30

-«
~

~

-'
w

>

t-- H

TRIGGER
DELAY
CONTROL

I
I

~

SAMPLE REGISTER - GLITCH DETECT

OM81
DM82

DMB3

8 81T DATA
FROM ACTIVE
PROBE 0

Figure 4-1
.r:-.
I
w

~ ~
TERMINAL

DMBO

I

II

I

8 BIT DATA
FROM ACTIVE
PROBE 1

TERMINAL

'"
:5'"0

MASTER
CLOCK
SELECTION

~
TIME
BASE

SLOW

f

JK
PROBE
CLOCK
QUAL.

CLOCK

DETECT

rl
...
::>

'--,--

~-

T80

...::>

0

0

~

u

'"
...'"a:
2 CLOCKS
6 QUALIFIERS
2 ACTIVE
CLOCK PROBES

3

u

CLOCK CONTROL

SEO

TM8

:5
0

I

J
PROBE
CLOCK
QUAL

'--

y

..,

1== ' - -

0:

~\-

OCCURENCE
DELAY
COUNTER

w

z0

...

-'
u

..,

'7
,--

~

"

..,
a:

'--

FILTER

.-

@J-.

'"

:5'"u

INTERFACE

v

lr

1

A

K

I

MICROPROCESSOR

16 BIT CONTROLLER BUS IA·BUS)

w

..."
0:

B81T
DATA
8 ACTIVE
DATA PROBES

Blockdiagram Of The Logic Analyzer Hardware

2 CLOCKS
6 aUALIFIERS
FROM ACTIVE

J·PROBE

2 CLOCKS
6 QUALIFIERS
FROM ACTIVE
K·PROBE

4.1.2.2

Master Clock

The TBQ supplies a master clock for
board 313):

the

trigger sequence controller

(SEQ

CLM
Trigger search is executed with this clock. The master clock is selected from
one of the four DMB clocks. Selection is with two signals from the SEQ:
CLMSO, CLMSI.
4.1.2.3

Time Base

The internal time base supplies a stable quartz clock of 500 msec maximum, (2
MHz) to 10 nsec minimum (100 MHz) in increments of 1, 2, or 5. In addition,
two clocks of constant frequency are produced:
CLIO

A 10 nsec clock for processing time measurement on the SEQ

CLIOO

A 100 nsec clock for generating test patterns for PROBE TEST
TERMINALS on the SEQ.

4.1.2.4

Interlace Mode

When recording with the maximum time resolution of 10 nsec, the data memory
boards, DMBs, must be in Interlace Mode (see 4.3.2). The interlace module
supplies three signals for this mode of operation:
ILAC,

lLA,

ILB

In the interlace mode, ILAC blocks the board clock, and the ILA and ILB
clocks are released.
lLA and ILB have half the frequency of the board
clock, and are 180 degrees out of synch. Interlace mode is possible only with
the internal clock. Two groups of DMB's (DMBO and DMBl, DMB2 and DMB3) can
operate independently of each other in Interlace Non-interlace mode. These
signals can be doubled on the bus:
ILAC1,
lLAC2,

Interlace mode
microprocessor.

4-4

ILBI
ILB2

lLAI,
lLA2,
is

set

THEORY OF OPERATION

through

a

control

register

loaded

from

the

KLA-SOOO-Ol

4.1.2.5

External Clocks

Two clock probes can be connected to the TBQ.
The clock probe is
mechanically and electrically identical to the 8-channel DATA PROBE (see
3.1). Thus, two clocks and six qualifiers, assigned to these same clocks are
brought in with each probe.
The clock probes are
configuration results:

designated

Probe Bit

J PROBE

0
1
2
3

JO
Jl
J-Qual
J-Qual
J-Qual
J-Qual
J-Qual
J-Qual

4
5

6
7

J

PROBE

and

The

following

Function

K PROBE

2
3
4
5
6
7

K PROBE.

KO
Kl
K-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual

Clock
Clock
Qualifier
Qualifier
Qualifier
Qualifier
Qualifier
Qualifier

2
3
4
5
6
7

Adjacent external clocks can be OR'ed. OR'ing can extend over two, three or
all four clocks, and is set with a control register loaded from the
microprocessor.
For each external clock, the positive or the negative edge can be qualified
independently, with six assigned qualifiers:
Clock
JO
Jl
KO
Kl

Qualifier
J-Qual
J-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual

2
2
2
2

to
to
to
to

J-Qual
J-Qual
K-Qual
K-Qual

7
7
7
7

Qualification of the clock edges proceeds from the clock qualifier RAM, loaded
from the microprocessor.
Period length of the external clocks is checked by the slow clock detection
circuit. If period length is longer than 100 msec (which is the case i f no
clock is connected), a flag is set that can be read by the microprocessor.

KLA-5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-5

4.1 .3

DATA MEMORY BOARD (DMB BOAR]) 311)

The data memory boards DMB can occupy connector plug positions 3, 4, 5 and 6
on the MOTHERBOARD.
The DMB contains all circuits for recording and storing 16 data channels,
and for obtaining trigger conditions. Depending on the KLA configuration, 2
to 4 DMBs are built into each device.
Signal designations, which are
differentiated only by plug index 0 ••• 3, are designated as XXXn where n =
0 ••• 3.
4.1.3.1

Data Input In Non-Interlace Mode

Two 8-channel DATA PROBEs can be connected to each DMB.
Thus, in the
non-interlace mode, a 16-bit wide data stream can be recorded by each DMB.
In the input register of the DMB, the 16 channels are sampled with 'the board
clock CLn (up to 50 megasamples/sec maximum) and are stored in the 2K data
memory.
4.1.3.2

Data Input In Interlace Mode

In Interlace Mode, the channel number of the DMB is reduced from 16-bits to
8-bits, but the memory depth is doubled from 2K to 4K. Only the channels of
the lower DATA PROBE are recorded.
The sample rate then can reach 100
megasamples/sec.
Interlace Mode is controlled
are produced on the TBQ.

by

the

lLACn,

!LAn and

ILBn

signals,

which

Interlace Mode is possible only with the internal clock!
4.1.3.3

Conditional RAM

While the data stream is being sampled, four independent trigger words can be
searched. To d,o this, the data word sampled is set as the address for the
conditional RAM. Output to this conditional RAM is 4-bits wide. Each trigger
word searched produces a condition bit:
.

CNDO,

CNDl,

CND2,

CND3

The logic analyzer hardware has 16 trigger levels available to it.
In each
trigger level, another set of four trigger words can be searched. The trigger
sequence controller SEQ informs the DMBs, via four address circuits, of
the trigger level in which the search is ongoing at the moment. These four
address circuits are:
SLVO,

4-6

SLVl,

SLV2,

THEORY OF OPERATION

SLV3

KLA-5000-01

The address circuits SLVO ••• 3 are additional inputs of the conditional RAM.
The condition bits CNDO ••• 3 are ORed on the B BUS with the condition bits
of the other DMBs and passed on to the SEQ for evaluation.
Only when a
condition bit is "true" on all DMBs is the condition bit also "true" on the
B BUS. This means that a trigger word can be recognized in its full width
(all channels).
The conditional RAMs are loaded from the microcomputer.
4.1.3.4

Glitch Detector

A glitch is defined as more than one signal transition within a sample period
on a data channel.
Glitch mode can be set individually for each DATA PROBE. Of the 8 channels
of the probe in glitch mode, 4-bits (channels 0, 2, 4, 6) are used for data
recording, and 4-bi ts (channels 1, 3, 5, 7) are used for storage of glitch
information.
In addition, when a glitch appears, the trigger signal
GLIT
is produced, is ORed on the B BUS with the GLIT signals of the other
»MBs and is made available to the SEQ for evaluation.
The GLIT signal
is always "true" when a glitch appears on any data channel of a DATA PROBE
operating in glitch mode.
Glitch mode is possible only in non-interlace mode.

4.1.3.5

Transition Detector

The transi tion detection mode can be set individually for each DATA PROBE.
During transition detection, all 8 channels of the DATA PROBE are monitored
for data transition.
If a transition appears on one or more channels, the signal
TCLK
is produced.
On the B BUS, i t is OR'ed with the TCLK signals of other
»MBs and is made available to the SEQ for evaluation.
The TCLK signal
is always "true" when a transition appears on any channel of a DATA PROBE
operating in transition detect mode.

KLA- 5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-7

4.1.3.6

Record Control

Acceptance of the data sampled in the input register, into data memory can
proceed in three types of recording:
1.
2.
3.

Normal recording
Data qualified recording
Transition recording

Acceptance is controlled dynamically by the RECn signal.
RECn can
produced individually for each DMB by the record controller on the SEQ.

be

In the normal recording mode, DCn is "true" during the entire recording.
After the trigger delay counter has run on the SEQ, the recording is blocked
when DCn is false. Normal recording is possible in interlace as well as in
non-interlace mode.
In data qualified and transition recording modes, RECn is true during the
recording, only if data qualification or a transition appears.
Then, the
sampled data will be taken into data memory. Completion of the recording is
the same as for normal recording.
Data qualified recording
non-interlace mode.
4.1.3.7

and

transition

recording

are

possible

only

in

Data Memory

The data memory on the DMB is organized in two groups, each 8-bits wide and
2K deep.
In non-interlace mode, both groups operate in parallel.
Cycle time is
determined by the board clock CLn, and will operate up to 20 nsec. The data
memory is configured for a 16 channel x 2K memory, with a maximum sample rate
of 50 megasamples/sec.
In interlace mode, both groups operate 180 degrees out of phase, with a
minimum cycle time of 20 nsec each. The ILAn and ILBn clocks control the
memory. Inputs of both groups are switched in parallel. The data memory is
configured for a 8 ch x 4K memory with a maximum sample rate of 100
megasamples/sec.
4.1.4

TRIGGER SEQUENCE CONTROLLER (SEQ BOARD 313)

The trigger sequence controller SEQ occupies the second connector from the
top on the MOTHERBOARD.

4-8

THEORY OF OPERATION

KLA-5000-01

The SEQ has central control
measurement data on the DMSs.
this:
1.
2.

of the trigger search and recording of
The SEQ contains two function blocks for

Sequence controller
Record controller

Control of the SEQ proceeds from conditions produced by the DMB.
All reactions and decisions of the SEQ are made by the master clock CLM,
which is provided by the TBQ.
In addition, outputs for TRIGGER. and TRACE, and
PROBES and CLOCK PROBES are installed on the SEQ.
4.1.4.1

test

terminals

for

DATA

Sequence Controller

The sequence controller function block consists of:
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Trigger filter
Occurrence counter
Level counter
Level change control
Level RAM

The sequence controller reacts at the time of the master clock to the signals:
CND1,

CNDO,

GLIT

The sequence controller checks trigger search in 16 physical trigger levels
maximum.
The condition bit CNDO allows jumping to another trigger level.
The condition bit GLIT alternates with CNDO.
GLIT can be released from
the level RAM by software in individual trigger levels via the signal GLITEN.
In each trigger level, the condition bits CNDO and CND1 are checked
simultaneously.
If they appear simultaneously, CNDI has priority over
CNDO. Then, an unconditional jump to another trigger level is executed.
4.1.4.2

Trigger Filter

Time validity of the condition bits CNDQ and CND1 is evaluated by the
trigger filter. The user can set the system so that a condition bit between 1
and 15 master clocks C/M must be constantly true before it is accepted for
the duration of a master clock period. This suppresses triggering on glitches.

KIA-SOOO-OI

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-9

The trigger filter can be set for each trigger level and is stored in the
level RAM. The function of the trigger filter can be switched in and out of
the level RAM separately in each level with the signals FILOEN and FILIEN.
With the signal CNDO, the trigger filter has a dual function.
CNDO is
used for counting both delays and occurrences.
When counting delays, CNDO
is constantly "true". The trigger filter is then switched off, and counting
is continuous with the master clock CLM.
When CNDO is counting occurrences, the trigger filter is switched on.
This
utilizes the trigger filter to validate signal durations before they are
accepted as signals.
If CNDO is constantly "true" for the set number of master clocks CLM,
further triggering is blocked.
CNDO must be first false and then true in
order to restart the trigger filter.
CNDO
"true" can only allow
triggering once per occurrence.

4.1.4.3

Occurrence Counter

After the trigger filter processes the condition bits CNDO
CNDO goes through another processing in the occurrence counter.

and

CNDl,

The occurrence counter is a loadable 16-bit/IOO MHz synchronous counter. The
condition bit CNDO is only released for further processing when the
occurrence counter has counted the set ntmlber of CNDO samples that can be
preprocessed.
The occurrence counter can be used in two operating modes:

1.
2.

Delay counter mode
Occurrence counter mode

In the delay counter mode, the trigger filter is turned off and CNDO is
constantly true.
The occurrence counter thus counts the set number of CLM
periods and then releases CNDO as the signal NXTLV, for incrementing the
level counter (corresponds to incrementing the trigger level).
In occurrence counter mode, the trigger filter is turned on.
The o"ccurrence
counter counts off the set number of events with the preprocessed condi tion
bit CNDO, and then releases the level counter for incrementing with the
signal NXTLV.
An occurrence is defined as the single appearance and
disappearance of a trigger condition.

4-10

THEORY OF OPERATION

KLA-SOOO-Ol

4.1.4.4

Level Counter

The level counter is a loadable 4-bit counter.
Its outputs represent the
level address of the trigger level.
There are 16 physical trigger levels.
Complex trigger instructions such as, "IF WORDI OCCURS BETWEEN n AND m CLOCKS
THEN... available to the user can reduce the available levels down to a
minimum of 5, depending on the instructions.
The level address is set on the B BUS in the form of the signals

SLVl,

SLVO,

SLV2,

SLV3

and made available to the DMSs.
The DMSs can execute trigger word search
independently of the trigger level.
In addition, level RAMs on the SEQ can
be controlled by level addresses.
The level counter can execute two operations:
1.
2.

Increment
Jump

Incrementing the level counter is released by the condition bit CNDO which
is preprocessed in the trigger filter, and the occurrence counter.
Jumping to any other level is executed by loading a destination address. The
jump is released by the condition bit CNDI preprocessed in the trigger
filter.
The destination address is stored in the level RAM, and can be set
individually for each trigger level.
4.1.4.5

Level Change Control

When the level counter is changed by incrementing or jumping, the level change
control checks and ensures that the trigger word search begins in a defined
way in the new trigger level.
To accomplish this the following tasks are
executed:
1.
2.
3.

Disable Condition Bits
Load Occurrence Counter
Reset Trigger Filter

a.

Disable Condition Bits: The level change control produces a 30 ns wide
pulse that blocks the condition bits CNDO and CNDI for the duration of
the level change. The level counter is blocked from registering glitches,
which could originate on the DMBs condition circuits during the level
change of the condition RAM.

b.

Load Occurrence Counter:
The load signal OCCLD, and the clock pulse
CLOCC are produced about 30 ns after the level change begins, and they
load the occurrence counter with a preset value in the new trigger level.
By this time, the new value of the occurrence counter from the level RAM
is already stable.

KLA-5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-11

c.

Reset Trigger Filter:
The trigger filter is reset during a level
change, by disabling the condition bits and the additional clock pulse.
Thus, a trigger word in the new trigger level can be recognized as quickly
as 40 ns after the beginning (rising edge of the master clock CLM) of
the level change.

401.4.6

Level RAM

The level RAM is controlled by the level address of the level counter. In the
level RAM, all the parameters which can be set for the trigger word search are
stored.which can be set for a trigger word search, depending on level (with
the exception of trigger words in the condi tional RAMs on the DMBs).
The
following parameters are contained on each trigger level:
4-bit destination with which the level counter is loaded during a jump
16-bit value for occurrence counter
4-bit value for trigger filter
FILOEN enables/disables trigger filter for CND1
FIL1EN enables/disables trigger filter for CNDI
TRANSEN controls transition recording mode, see 2.4.2.2
GLlTEN releases GLIT alternately to CNDO, see 2.4.1
CLMSO, CLMSI select master clock CLM, see 2.2 TBQ
This signal indicates finding of last trigger
TRG = final trigger.
condition in a trigger sequence. Trigger search is interrupted. Only the
trigger delay counters run, and at the end of trigger delay, recording is
blocked.
4.1.4.7

Record Controller

The record controller function block consists of the following modules:
1.

2.
3.

Record Module
Trigger Delay Counter
Time Measurement Control

The record controller processes the condition bits produced by the DMBs:
CND2,

4-12

CND3,

TCLK

THEORY OF OPERATION

KLA-5000-01

From these condition bits, the record controller generates the signal:
RECORD
in the record module.
From this RECORD signal, the trigger delay counter
module generates an individual recording signal for each DMB:
RECO,
4.1.4.8

RECl,

REC2,

REC3

Record Module

With the record module, four different recording modes can be checked:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Normal Recording
Data Qualified Recording
Transition Recording
Level Selected Recording

Except transition recording, recording in the other three modes is controlled
by the condition bits CND2, and CND3.
CND2 and CND3 are equally
weighted and are OR'ed in the record module. Therefore, a recording will be
released if only one of the two condition bits is "true".
For transition recording mode, only
CND2 and CND3 are blocked by software.

TCLK

is

used

to

release

recording.

Normal Recording:
In this mode, one of the two condition bits CND2 or
CND3 is constantly "true" •
Thus, the record signal RECORD is also
constantly "true" and recording is continuous.
This recording mode is
possible at all clock rates in interlace and non-interlace mode.
Data Qualified Recording:
In this mode, the condition bits CND2 or CND3
are only "true" when the data sampled on the DMBs agree with the preset
trigger words. Thus, RECORD is "true" only when certain data are qualified
by trigger words for CND2 or CND3.
This recording mode is possible with
an internal as well as an external clock up to a sample period of at least 40
ns (only in non-interlace mode).
Transition Recording:
In this mode, recording proceeds only when . the TCLK
signal is produced by a data change in the transition detector on the DMB •
This signal is processed in the record module. A digital filter ensures that
the minimum distance between two recordings is 40 ns. If more data changes
occur within this period, the digital filter waits until no more data changes
occur for at least 40 ns.
After this, RECORD is set up to capture the
"interpolated" data. This recording mode is only possible in non-interlace
mode, and with a sample rate of 20 nsec.

KLA-SOOO-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-13

Level Selected Recording:
This mode is software controlled, and is above
the previous modes in rank, because it has control over the selection of the
other types of recording.
It allows "NO RECORDING IN THIS LEVEL" for all
levels, in order to suppress the recording of irrelevant data.
For data
qualified recording~ it also allows other data to qualify for recording, in
every trigger level.
Control for normal recording and data qualified
recording proceeds by loading the appropria te condi tion RAMs on the DMBs.
Transition recording is controlled by the TRANSEN Signal from the level RAM.

4.1.4.9

Trigger Delay Counter

From the RECORD signal generated from the record module, the trigger delay
counter module produces an individual recording signal for each of the four
DMBs:
RECO,

RECl,

REC2.

REC3

The trigger delay counter also determines the position of the trigger point in
the recorded data.
After the final trigger is recognized (TRG is "true",
see 4.1.4.6). the trigger delay counter blocks the signals
RECO,

RECl,

REC2.

REC3

after a preset number of samples has run.
the trigger delay setting.

This preset number of samples is

In the data qualified and transition recording mode. the trigger delay counter
only counts if a RECORD signal produced by the record module is present.
If a counter has run out. a bit is set in a register.
read out by a microprocessor.

This register can be

In the trigger delay module. there is also a register that allows the logic
analyzer to operate in mixed recording modes.
This register can switch the
RECn signal for each DMB individually into normal recording mode, although
other DMBs are recording in data qualified recording mode.
transition
recording mode. or level selected recording mode.

4.1.4.10

Time Measurement Control

The KLA offers the time measurement board TMB as an option.
To control this
board. the time measurement control generates a clock and a control signal:
CLT,

4-14

RECT

THEORY OF OPERATION

KLA-5000-01

Time measurement control can operate in two modes:
1.
2.

Time Measurement
Clock Counting

Time Measurement:
In this mode, the clock CLT is derived from the clock
CLIO by the TBQ.
It has a period length of 10 ns.
The control signal
RECT is a 10 ns wide pulse that is always produced when the internal record
signal RECORD is "true" at the time of the rising edge of the master clock
CLM.
With these signals, the TMB can measure the times between two
recordings, when in data qualified recording or in transition recording
modes.
For level selected recording, the interval between two recorded data
blocks is measured when "NO RECORDING IN THIS LEVEL" is set.
In normal
recording with an external clock, the period length of this clock is measured
when it is selected as the master clock.
The measurement resolution amounts
to 10 ns. The maximum interval that can be captured is 42.95 sec.
Clock Counting:
In this mode,
CLT = CLM.
The control signal RECT
corresponds to the internal record signal RECORD.
With these signals, the
TMB can count the number of master clocks CLM between two recordings, when
in data qualified recording or in level selected recording.

4.1.4.11

Outputs

The SEQ has the following TTL level signals on BNC plugs for
with the outside world:
1.
2.

communication

Trigger
Trace

Trigger:
The rising edge of this signal marks the time point of the final
trigger; that is, the last trigger condition in a trigger sequence is
satisfied.
Trace:
This signal corresponds to the internal RECORD.
A positive level
indicates that data have been found.
In normal recording mode, the entire
recording period is marked this way.
In data qualified mode, it signals that
qualified trigger words have been found.
In transition recording mode, it
announces the appearance of a data transition.
Besides this, the SEQ has two terminals for self-test of:
1.
2)

Data Probes
Clock Probes

KLA-5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-15

These terminals serve as data or clock sources for the probes. To execute the
self-test, the DATA PROBES only need be connected to a DMB and the CLOCK
PROBES to the TBQ.
The self-test checks not only probes, but also the
input portion of the connected board at the same time.
Data Probe Test Terminal:
For DATA PROBES, the outputs of an 8-bi t BCD
counter (data pattern 00 to 99) are produced at ECL levels. The counter is
incremented every 100 ns with the CLIOO clock supplied by the TBQ.
Clock Probe
output at ECL
period length
on bits 2 ••• 7
4.1 .5

Test Terminal:
For the CLOCK PROBES, the CLIOO clock is
levels on bits a and 1 of the terminal. The CLIOO clock has a
of 100 ns (40 ns = high, 60 ns = low). The same pattern appears
of the terminal as on bit 0 ••• 5 of the data probe test terminal.

TIME MEASUREMENT BOARD TMB

The time measurement board TMB is
MOTHERBOARD •

found

in

the

lowest

connector on

the

The TMB measures time intervals, for counting clock intervals between the
last recording and the one currently taking place in data qualified recording,
transition recording and level selected recording.
The TMB contains two
function blocks for this:
1.
2.

Time Counter
Time Memory

Control of the TMB is via the clock CLT and
produced on the SEQ in time measurement control.
4.1.5.1

the

signal REeT,

which

is

Time Counter

The time counter consists of a 32-bit synchronous counter with a counting
frequency of 100 MHz maximum. The clock for this counter is CLT.
For clock counting, CLT

= CLM. '

For time measurement, the clock period of CLT = 10 ns
For this clock period of 10 ns, the largest measurable interval between two
recordings is 42.95 sec. If this is exceeded, the counter begins again at
zero.

4-16

THEORY OF OPERATION

KLA-5000-01

The most significant 4-bits of the counter are displayed. The toggle rate of
. the most significant bits is 20.475 sec (for clock rate of 10 ns).
The clock is reset when the signal RECT is true.
4.1.5.2

Time Memory

The time memory is 32-bit x 2K, with a cycle time of 40 ns. The time counter
status is stored in time memory when the signal RECT is true.
If RECT is true more often than every 40 ns during a time measurement,
another recording of the counter status will not take place, since the last
memory cycle is not concluded yet. In this case RECT is ignored.
4.2

DATA PROBES (BOARD 410)

The logic analyzer's gets all its inputs through the data probes. All data
probes have a high input resistance, a low input capacitance, and a current
threshold which can be set individually for each probe.
Probes are connected by two-meter long, flexible round cables and a 37-pin D
plug.
The plug housing is equipped with spring clips so that it can be
secured to the rear panel connector.
Data is conveyed to the probe through a 16-pin connector with 9 cables in
resistor color code (8-bit data and 1 ground) mounted to it. The cables end
in wire-wrap plugs that can be inserted directly into wire-wrap pins, or to IC
test clips.
\
The data probe has 8 channels. It is a universal probe and can be used as a
data probe or a clock probe. When used as a data probe, 8-bit data are
gathered. When used as a clock probe, bits 0 and 1 are input as clock, and
2 ••• 7 are clock qualifiers.
The probe's input amplifiers are manufactured in hybrid technology and have an
input resistance of 1 MegOhm, an input capacitance of < 5 pF, and a bandwidth
of 350 MHz. The input amplifier functions as an impedance transformer and
forms the difference between the input signal and the threshold.
The threshold is produced directly in each probe by an 8-bit Dj A converter.
This 8-bit word is transmitted serially by the signals DP (data) and CLP
(clock). The threshold can be set in increments of 100 mV from +12.6V to
-12.6V.
The output signal of the input amplifier is checked in an EeL comparator, and
transmitted on a round cable with a controlled impedance.

KLA- 5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-17

4.3

DISASSEMBLER HARDWARE

The general philosophy of disassembly is to sample the microprocessor with a
high impedance using a variable threshold.
This means that individual
processor pins must be directly connected to the probes.
The flexible
structure of the logic analyzer hardware allows the necessary demultiplexing
and
selective
recording
for
most
microprocessors,
without
additional
hardware. Only a rewiring of processor pins is necessary.
Connection of the
DATA PROBES is through the following disassembler hardware components:
1.
2.
3.

Universal Probe Rack
Configuration Modules
Test Adapters

A nearly perfect disassembly is possible when combined with processor-specific
software.

4.4

UNIVERSAL PROBE RACK

The universal probe rack UPR is a screw-in rack for probes.
These are
plugged into a motherboard in the UPR, which connects the individual probe
channels on two 64-pin, edge connectors.
UPR-6 for 6 probes
UPR-IO for 10 probes

UPR-IO:
The connector accepts 8 data probes and 2 clock probes, which is
sufficient to connect 64-pin processors.
The motherboard for the UPR-I0 is
board 385.

4.5

REGISTER ASSIGNMENT

The entire logic analyzer hardware is set via registers. The address of these
registers is constructed of board address (for the DMBs plug-specific), and
the register read/write address. The address given in the register assignment
is complete.
The various memories on the boards are also
behave like registers of a definable depth.
memories are set either with reset or load.

4-18

THEORY OF OPERATION

treated like
The address

registers.
They
pointers of the

KLA-5000-01

The .registers are differentiated thus:
read only register RO
write only register WO
read/write register RW
The register address for read only register and write only register is handled
independently, that is, the same address for RO and WO refer to completely
different registers. For RW the same read and write address is used.
There are differences in the time access of the microprocessor to the register:
access anytime
access (only when the KLA is) diaarmed
The logical polarity of the control bits indicated in the register assignment
corresponds to the logical polarity of the bits output or received by the
microprocessor.

KLA-5000-01

THEORY OF OPERATION

4-19

CHAPTER 5

GLOSSARY

This chapter defines and explains concepts generally applicable to logic
analyzers, as well as- some terms specific to the KLA. Additional meanings
associated with these terms in other areas of electronics are not discussed
here.
ARM

This concept as used with logic analyzers means to enable or to start a data
recording which is subsequently stopped (disarmed) after certain trigger
conditions have occurred.
It also applies to the start of data recording or trigger search in channel B,
after certain trigger events have occurred on channel A, where the two channel
groups are recorded with separate clocks.
See also MASTER CLOCK, SIMULTANEOUS
ANALYSIS WITH VARIOUS CLOCKS

TIME/DATA ANALYSIS,

SIMULTANEOUS DATA

ARRANGEMENT

Arrangement is the combination of two or more 16-channel memory blocks of the
KLA so that they are recorded toge ther, wi th one clock or wi th several ORed
clocks. If memory blocks are not combined in Arrangement, then the recording
of the 16-channel bLocks proceeds independently.
ASYNCHRONOUS DATA RECORDING
Asynchronous data recording is a sampling of input signals using a clock
asynchronous to these Signals, usually the internal clock of the logic
analyzer. Asynchronous data recording is most often used for time analysis.
Signals are sampled at regular intervals, and the number of consecutive memory
places containing the same signal condition shows the duration of this
condition. Since the maximum attainable resolution is the time of one sample,
the clock should be set as high as necessary to meet the speed and accuracy
requirements of the data. At all times, the clock rate should be set faster
than the data being analyzed.
See also TRANSITION RECORDING

KLA-5000-01

GLOSSARY

5-1

CLOCK
Modern logic analyzers allow simultaneous recording with several different
clocks; both internal asynchronous, and external synchronous recording is
possible.
KLA 64 permits simultanous recording with up to four clockso
External clock sampling can proceed either on the falling or the on the rising
edge of the clock. Selection of both edges is possible with the KLA.
Logic analyzers differentiate between internal clock recording and external
clock recording. With the internal asynchronous clock, every system state
must be captured several times in succession, whereas the external
(synchronous) clock samples only once. Therefore the required clock frequency
for the internal clock is faster by a multiple of the external clock.
See also MASTER CLOCK
CLOCK CONNECTION
See OR CONNECTION OF CLOCKS
CLOCK ENABLE
The recording clock can be enabled or disabled by means of clock qualification.
CLOCK QUALIFICATION
Clock qualification permits enabling or disabling clocks for recording data.

A sample is taken only when a predefined state is present at the time of the
selected active clock edge. This allows very selective data collection.
trigger words qualified by state and clock edge will trigger.

Only

CLOCK RATE
This refers to the clock frequency being used. I t is often used to mean the
"clock period", which is the time interval between two rising clock edges.
COMBINATION TRIGGER
The combination trigger searches for a preset word. The trigger condition is
considered fulfilled when such a word is captured during sampling.
Combination trigger can also be used in sequential triggering where a series
of several data words are searched.

5- 2

GLOS SARY

KLA-SOOO-O!

COMPARE
Compare means a data comparison between source data and reference data. This
comparison is executed by selecting cyclic record/compare from the COMPARE
menu. Any segment in the source and reference memory, and channels or groups
of channels can be compared.
This comparison can be executed with jitter
(edge shift tolerance).
When the searched for condition appears, (for
example, an error) the process can be interrupted and the recording frozen, or
a cycle counter can be incremented, or the entire new recording can be stored
on a floppy diskette.
COUNTS
This refers to the number of clock cycles, which the user can define as
counts, between appearances of trigger words and subsequent trigger events.
Example:


6.1.4

does

not make

sense,

to (with ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN) in the
in this field and it is set to TRANSIT,
(S) jumps to the next (or previous)
(or <) is pressed.

TIME MEASUREMENT IN TRANSITION RECORDING MODE

Times recorded with the TM option in Transition Recording Mode are those
between consecutive transitions.
The maximum time that can be recorded is
10 ns X 232 (i.e., about 42.949 sec.).
The minimum time distance between
recordings is 40 ns; thus if there is more than one transi tion in any 40 ns
interval, no transition is recorded.

KLA- 5000-02

OPTIONS

6-5

Recorded times may be included in the Data List Display, as previously
indicated for Normal Recording Mode.
The time displayed next to each data
word can be selected to be a delta time from the previous sample CREL), or the
total time elapsed since the trigger word (ABS).
All operational probes in the Transition Recording Hode are sampled using the
internal 50 MHz clock. The probes (pods) not included in the message "CHECK
PODS ••• " of the Trigger Sequence Menu are not checked for data transitions;
recorded data for these probes represents that which was present at the last
transition for a pod that was checked.
Displayed times apply to all active
channels.
The Timing Display for a Transition recording is similar to that described in
3.4.1, except that time measurements from the TM board are included in
appropriate fields as indicated in 6.1.3.2.

6.1.5

TIME MEASUREMENT IN DATA-QUALIFIED RECORDING MODE

In Da ta-Qualified Recording Mode, the TM option can be used to record actual
times (called Measure Time) or numbers of clock cycles (called Pulse
Counting).
The type of recording is selected in the Trigger Sequence Menu
(described in 3.3.2.3). For either type of data, the time distance between
consecutive qualified data words is what is stored.
In this recording mode,
the clock has a maximum repetition rate of 25 MHz; no additional restrictions
apply as a result of TM option use. Display of recorded times is accomplished
by the procedures previously described for Normal Recording Mode.
If Pulse Counting is selected in the Trigger Sequence Menu, the value
displayed in the (T) column of the Data List Display is in units corresponding
to the master clock (M1, as described in 3.3.2.1).
If the option C.) is
selected in the (T) column, the displayed number is a direct count of the
clock cycles; if CK) is selected, the displayed number times 1000 is the count
of clock cycles; if CM) is selected, the displayed number times 1,000,000 is
the number of clock cycles counted.
Selection of the auto range option (A)
results in the optimum range selection for each displayed item. As with Data
List displays for other recording modes, total count CABS) or delta count
(REL) can be selected for data that results from either Measure Time or Pulse
Counting.
The Timing Display for data-qualified recording can include TM data, as
previously indicated in 6.1.3.2.
Figure 6-2 is a sample Timing Diagram
which includes the n1-related differences previously described.
Note that
such a display relates only to qualified conditions; thus non-qualified
transitions may not be included in the display, and a constant-valued channel
display does not guarantee a
corresponding constant
Signal
from the
processor. For a Pulse Counting recording, the time axis and raster interval
correspond to the selected clock.

6-6

OPTIONS

KLA-SOOO-02

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Data-Qualified TN Data in Timing Diagram

CHAPTER 7

SCHEMATICS/PIN ASSIGNMENTS

The schematics included in this chapter are subject to updates and revision
changes.
If you find differences between the specific hardware in your
instrument, and some of the schema tics, please call your Kontron Service
number for assistance.

KLA-5000-01

SCHEMATICS/PIN ASSIGNMENTS

7-1

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6

INDEX

Note:

KLA- 5000-02

boldface page numbers indicate glossary entries
adapters, personality·
adding columns in data display
address, home
addresses, segment boundaries
analysis, data domain
analysis, simultaneous time/data
analysis, time
area, search
arm
arrangement
assignment, master clock
asynchronous data recording

5-12
3-109
5-8
3-67
5-4
5-18
5-23
5-16
5-1
5-1, 3-22
3-33
5-1

babysitting
buses, internal

3-63
4-2

callup of trigger words
capture, glitch
channel groups, displayed
setting
channel numbers and mnemonics
channel/glitch display control
circuit boards in the KLA
clock
master
qualifiers
rate setting
trigger
clocking, transitional
clocks, simultaneous data analysis with
combination trigger
compare
menu

3-41
5-8
3-98
3-106
3-91
3-93
4-1
5-2
5-10, 3-26
3-23
3-94
5-10
5-20
5-18
5-2
5-3
3-63

configuration menu (illustrated)
configuration menu, parameters
configurations, possible
control point for functions, setting
control, trace
conversion, parallel-serial printer
cou~t on comparison condition
counter
delay
event
counts
cursor
cursor
in timing display, scrolling
timing display (line C)
data
comparisons
differences, memory search
format selection, data list
list display
memory boards (DMB)
probe boards
qualified recording
recording, asynchronous
setup time
times, TM option
defaults
delay, trigger
disassembler (optional)
display
data
disassembled data
time
distances in data list display
distribution into channel groups
domain, data
don't care
ECL bus (B bus)
error, sample
errors, file I/O
evaluation
event
external clocks

3-5
3-19
2-1
3-75
5-20
3-77

3-69
3-42
5-7, 3-41
5-3
5-3
3-95
3-86
3-69
3-100
3-107
3-95, 3-24, 3-101
4-6
4-17
3-44
5-1
5-5
3-48
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-4
5-6
5-23
3-98
3-31
5-4
5-7
4-2
5-16
3-72
3-81
5-7
3-111

KLA-SOOO-02

KLA-5 000-0 2

field, parameter
file, default
filter, trigger
floppy diskette
flow charts, trigger levels

5-12
5-5
5-21, 3-40.
2-2
3-54

getting started
glitch
detection circuit
display in the timing display
trigger
GOTO
groups, channel

3-2
5-7
3-23
3-88
3-41
5-8
3-31

halt on comparison condition
handshake, setting type
hold time, data
hold time, qualifier
home addresses

3-69
3-76
5-4
5-13
5-8

I/O connections, back panel
I/O menu
impedance, input
input
clocks
specifications
interfaces, I/O
interlace

3-14
3-73
5-9
3-22
2-2
3-76
5-9, 3-22

ji tter
jump addresses for Sand C
setting

5-9, 3-67
3-94
3-106

keyboard (illustrated)
keys, functional description
KLA, general description

3-115

latch mode
latching, glitch
level selected recording
level, trigger
loading reference memory
location, trigger
logic, trigger sequence

5-9
3-23
5-10
5-21
3-91
5-22, 3-25
3-59

3-11
1-1

INDEX II-3

magnification
start
timing display (line S)
window width
markers in data list display (C,S,T)
master clock
memory
addresses in data list display
configuration
data for search word
per channel
reference
selection, data list
source
trigger location in
menusmessages
mnemonics
monitor, trigger
moving vertically through channels
;jJlul ticlocking
multiprocessor, analysis example

1-4

INDEX

5-10
5-19
3-87
3-93
3-98
5-10, 3-26
3-98
3-22
3-108
2-2
5-14
3-104
5-19
3-25
3-17
3-109
5-11, 3-33
5-22
3-95
5-11
3-113

number of times found, data list display

3-99

opcode prefetch
operational sequence, summarized
OR connection
orientation scale, timing display

5-11
3-19
5-12
3-87

parameter field
parameters, selecting
personality adapter
physical specifications
pod
polarity, data format and trigger words
setting
posttrigger
prefetch, opcode
pretrigger
printer interface setting
probe selection for transition check

5-12
3-17
5-12
2-3
5-13
3-31
3-106
5-13

5-11
5-13
3-75
3-48

KLA-SOOO-02

qualification, clock
qualifier
hold time
setup time
trigger
words

5-2

raster
rate, clock
recording
clock rate, timing display
data qualified
level selected
normal
synchronous
transition
reference memory
registers, KLA internal
remote control
removing columns in data display
resolution
restart

5":'l4t 3-86
5-2

sample error
sampling
search
search
programs
word input, data list
second trigger word
segment
selective trace
self test
sequential triggering
setup
default
time, qualifier
shaded areas in timing display
simultaneous
analysis
recording
skew
source
start magnification

KLA-5000-02

5-13
5-1'4'
5-13
3-4S

3-44
3-81'"

5-5
5-10'
5-11
5... 19

5-21;
5-14:
4..;.;18
5-15
3-109'
5-15; "3-8'6
5-15
5-15 '
5-15
5-16
3-93, '3"';105

3-108
3-44

5-16
5-17
3-6
5-17
5-17,
5-5

5-14
3-86
5-18
3-110
5-18
5-19
5-19

INDEX

1-5

status menu (illustrated)
store on 'comparison condition
store/r~call menu
synchrbhbus recording

3-4
3-69
3-70
5-i9

sYstem ',,'"
block diagram
software. supplied
test, dnterface
THEN .. ~r ~
thresholds
time i< , "
analysis
-base,'and clock qualifier (TBQ)
data:' setup
display
meaSUTement board (TMB)
winG6w;for trigger search
windbw, scrolling
time/data analysis, simultaneous
timing~aiagram (illustrated)
timing_display
Time Measurement option
tolerance, comparison
trace
control
selective
transition recording
transitional sampling
treatment of read and write errors

1-3
1-2
3-76
5-19
5-20, 3-25
5-23
4-2
5-5
5-23
4-16
3-42
3-95
5-18
3-83
3-89, 3-24
6-1
3-67
5-20
5-17

5-21, 3-47
5-20
3-72

KLA-5000-02

trigger
combination
delay
filter
levels
line, timing display (line T)
location
monitor
postprequalifier
search word
sequence controller (SEQ)
sequence menu, input
window
words menu, parameters
triggering
sequential
TTL bus (A bus)
window
words, trigger

KLA-5000-02

5-2
5::-~.

5~~,l

5-21:., .3;-43
3-IH ,.

5-22' . ) ..
5-22, 3-51
5-:13
5-13.
5-136
3-108
4-8'",1
, 3r"49~.,3-34

5.... 23,
~'!"'28

5-ril'h
51:"'17
4.,.,..2-,

I
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