Philips High Chair Lps 100 0 Lp R43 986245

User Manual: Philips High Chair lps 100 0

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Review
ISSN 1993-890X
43
LpR
The leading worldwide authority for LED & OLED lighting technology information May/June 2014 | Issue
Tech-Talks BREGENZ: Martina Paul
Light + Building 2014: Post-Show Report
White LED Color Design
Smart Lighting Report
1
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
The International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies 2015 (IYL 2015)
was brought about by UNESCO together with a consortium of scientific
committees and various interest groups. It is a global initiative with the goal of
paying tribute to light as a key figure in research and application and
promoting sustainable developments. With the help of light based
technologies, solutions to global challenges in energy, education, agriculture
and health can be found. With the Tech-Talks BREGENZ, the LED
professional Scientific Award and intensive international co-operations, LED
professional is setting the course for the IYL 2015.
The Tech-Talks BREGENZ are a series of four to six talks per year with
international, distinguished experts from the lighting branch. The goal of this
initiative is to provide the global SSL purchasers of LED and OLED materials,
components, systems and services, orientation and help in the areas of
technology developments and trends. The series started in March with
Martina Paul, the General Secretary of the International Commission on
Illumination (CIE) on the topic of international standardization. You can read
the interview in this issue.
The LED professional Scientific Award will be presented for the first time at
the LED professional Symposium +Expo in Bregenz in acknowledgement of
the IYL 2015. To promote global lighting research, an international jury of
experts will honor the best scientific paper in the areas of LED and OLED light
sources. The LpS event takes place from September 30th to October 2nd,
2014 in Bregenz, Austria. Visitors can expect a diversified program with top
class presentations, Tech-Panels, workshops, exhibition and numerous
networking possibilities. Over 100 exhibitors and more than 1,300 visitors
are expected.
In order to supply the SSL industry with up-to-date information from the areas
of LED and OLED lighting, a deep scientific and application oriented
exchange is essential. In order to guarantee this exchange, LED professional
has reinforced its co-operations with international organizations such as the
International Solid State Lighting Association (ISA) from China, the European
Photonics Industry Consortium (EPIC) from Belgium and the European
umbrella organization of the lighting industry, LightingEurope, from Germany.
With these incentives for the IYL 2015 the whole LED professional team will
work on bringing you the latest stories, innovations, inventions, technologies
and backgrounds.
Yours Sincerely,
Siegfried Luger
Event Organizer - LpS 2014
Publisher - LED professional
IYL 2015 Incentives
EDITORIAL
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
2
Advertising Index
Mouser Electronics C 2
Epistar p 3
BICOM p 5
LedLink p 7
Toshiba p 11
Vossloh-Schwabe p 15
Global Lighting Technologies p 19
GL Optic p 23
Osram p 23
Underwriters Labs p 27
Cree p 29
BICOM p 30
Honglitronic p 30
Cree p 30
Lambda Research p 32
Philips Lumileds p 32
Signcomplex p 33
Shat-R-Shield p 37
LpS p 39
LICHT p 51
Honglitronic p 57
Lextar p 61
Edison p 65
Electrolube p 65
Instrument Systems p 67
Frost & Sullivan p 71
China Int. Optoelectronic Expo p 71
Supertex p 74
Guangzhou Int. Lighting Exhibition p 75
Refond C 3
WAGO C 4
Content
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
Martina Paul, General Secretary, CIE
by Siegfried Luger, LED professional
EVENTS
Light + Building Review – Trends, Innovations and Technological Tidbits
by Arno Grabher-Meyer, LED professional
MANUFACTURING
Implementing an Automated High-Tech LED Luminaires Production Line
by Darko Crha, Data Link
Producing Cost-Effective LED Lamps and Modules Using 3D Technology
by Barbara Stumpp & Stephan Krause, LPKF Laser & Electronics
TECHNOLOGY
White LED Color Design and Variation Reduction
by Ichikawa Akira from Asahi Rubber
SPECIAL TOPIC
Technology Aspects for the Smart Buildings Lighting Controls Business
by Arno Grabher-Meyer, LED professional
OVERVIEW
p 34
p 40
p 52
p 58
p 62
p 68
EDITORIAL p 1
IMPRINT p 76
COMMENTARY p 4
NEWS - PRODUCTS p 6
NEWS - RESEARCH p 31
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
4
COMMENTARY
Musa Unmehopa
Musa Unmehopa is the
Secretary General of the
Zhaga Consortium,
a global lighting-industry
organization that is
enabling interchangeable
LED light engines. Musa
has been involved in
international
standardization across
several industries for
almost 20 years, serving in
various chair positions and
directorships. He is on the
Board of Directors of the
ZigBee Alliance (intelligent
control for connected
lighting) and the EMerge
Alliance (standardizing
low-voltage DC power
distribution). Musa
received an MSc degree
from the University of
Twente, as well as MBA
degrees from TiasNimbas
Business School in the
Netherlands and Bradford
University School of
Management in the UK.
THE INDUSTRY ASKS - ZHAGA DELIVERS
Every industry in transition needs to
successfully overcome a number of
challenges as it pursues growth and
profitability for all its stakeholders.
Four years ago, the Zhaga Consortium
was founded when a number of leading
companies in the lighting industry
identified a challenge as a result of a
rapidly developing LED market, i.e. the
proliferation of form factors for LED light
sources. Since its conception in 2010,
Zhaga has addressed this industry
challenge by developing 8 Books,
which specify the mechanical, thermal,
photometric, electrical and control
interfaces between LED light engines
(LLEs) and LED luminaires. These
Books address both indoor as well as
outdoor applications, and cover
socketable and non-socketable LED
modules, with an integrated or separate
electronic control gear (or driver). At the
Light + Building show in Frankfurt in early
April, Zhaga modules were ubiquitous
across the trade show floor. Despite the
accomplishment of the current Books
and the successful introduction of over
160 certified products on the market,
Zhaga cannot rest on its laurels. Zhaga
must continue to respond to the
evolving needs of the industry.
At its recent member meeting in
Amsterdam, Zhaga started the
development of three new Books.
The new Books are designated
numbers 9, 10 and 11. Zhaga Book 9
will define the interfaces of an LLE
which consists of a non-socketable LED
module with a ring-shaped light-
emitting surface (LES) and a separate
LED driver. Book 9 will cover small,
mid-power LED modules which could
enable LED luminaire products for use
in consumer lighting applications, such
as small spotlights, track lighting and
other compact luminaires.
Book 10 and Book 11 will both describe
LLEs that consist of a circular, non-
socketable LED module with a separate
LED driver. The modules have a circular
LES and are suitable for spotlight-type
applications. Both Book 10 and Book 11
are similar to Book 3, which is already
published and is one of
the most
widely-adopted Zhaga Books in the
industry with the most commercially-
available certified products.
Compared to Book 3, the new
Book 10 will describe larger, higher-
output LED modules with a larger
diameter, while the modules in
Book 11 will have a smaller diameter
and smaller thickness.
Furthermore, Zhaga has decided that
it will aim to enable LED modules and
drivers that are independently
interchangeable, by defining the
electrical interface between the
module and the driver. Today, for LED
light engines having a separate driver,
it may not be possible to interchange
LED modules from different suppliers
without also using a different driver,
or vice versa. However, Zhaga identified
clear signals from the industry that
there is now a growing market need
for LED modules and LED drivers that
are independently interchangeable
(i.e. you can interchange one without
necessarily interchanging the other).
This initiative will take the industry one
step closer to full interchangeability at
the component level.
As well as continuing to look at new
proposals from members, Zhaga has
also initiated a project to evaluate the
use of LED light engines across a
wide range of lighting applications.
The goal is to identify opportunities
and set priorities for the development
of new specifications that will provide
most benefit to the LED lighting
industry. Zhaga welcomes
requirements and feedback from a
wide range of interested companies
and organizations, both inside and
outside Zhaga.
These are exciting times of change
which pose a number of challenges
that need to be addressed head on.
I invite you to join Zhaga on its
mission to accelerate the adoption
of LED lighting solutions in the
marketplace, through standardization
of LED light engine interfaces.
Sign up as a Zhaga member and
help shape our industry!
M.U.
MUSA UNMEHOPA
6
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
NEWS
Philips Lumileds -
Most Affordable &
Efficient Array LEDs
Today Philips Lumileds delivers the most
affordable chip-on-board (CoB) arrays for
PAR38 equivalent lamps, which achieve 10%
or greater efficacy than competing solutions.
Also ideal for spotlights, LUXEON CoB 1202
has a typical efficacy of 115 lm/W, and it
varies from 95-130 lm/W depending on color
temperature and CRI of the array.
Philips Lumileds’ LUXEON CoB 1202 arrays for
PAR38 equivalent lamps and spotlights deliver
the industry’s highest efficacy at lowest cost
“The high efficacy, combined with our lineup
of compatible reflectors and drivers, enables
the most affordable PAR38 and spotlight
designs to date,” said Eric Senders, Product
Line Director, Philips Lumileds.
The LUXEON CoB 1202 completes the
portfolio for PAR lamps. Together with the
1203, these 9 mm Light-Emitting Surface
(LES) versions will be the best in price/
performance for directional retrofit lamps.
Due to the LUXEON CoB 1202’s mechanical
and optical compatibility with the LUXEON
CoB 1203, you are able to use the same
ecosystem to create a high efficient and
most cost effective solution.
The performance range of the LUXEON CoB
1202 arrays is 95-130 lm/W and over a CCT
range of 2700-5700 K at CRI of 70, 80 or >90.
Typical output for warm white (3000 K,
80 CRI) is 800 lm when driven at 200 mA.
The warm white arrays can be driven at up to
400 mA to achieve a flux of 1500 lumens.
The high CRI (>90) versions deliver an R9
of >80 for demanding applications such as
retail downlights and spotlights.
Luminus Launched
Mid Power LED
Product Line
Luminus Devices Inc. announced the mass
production of their new XNOVA line of mid
power LEDs developed for the general lighting
market for replacement lamps and luminaires.
Luminus Devices’ new XNOVA mid power LEDs
were on display at Light + Building 2014
XNOVA mid power LEDs are targeted at high
growth lighting applications ranging from
linear T8 lamps to diffused panel lighting and
replacement lamps and luminaires. The new
product line consists of 2016, 3014, 3020 and
3030 platforms, with nominal input powers
ranging from 0.18 W to 0.93 W and
corresponding flux output from 22 to 107 lm.
XNOVA mid power LEDs achieve 130+
lumens per watt (LPW) at nominal test
conditions, and 170+ LPW at lower input
power. The products span the ANSI color
gamut from 2700 K - 6500 K with standard
minimum CRI of 70 and 80. In addition,
Luminus is offering each mid power
platform in a high CRI configuration of 90+
for applications that require the highest
color quality for demanding illumination
applications.
Lextar Debuts
White Chip LED
Lextar Electronics Corp., a vertically
integrated LED company, announced
packaging-free “White Chip” to demonstrate
its new achievement in LED technology.
This new White Chip LED was demonstrated
at “Light + Building Frankfurt 2014” by various
LED lamps, including a 50-watt halogen
equivalent GU10 LED spot lamp, point-light
candle lamps, and omni-directional LED tubes
featuring ultra-high efficiency.
Lextar’s new White Chip technology involves a
substrate-free flip chip and phosphor molding
process
Lextar’s new White Chip technology involves a
substrate-free flip chip and phosphor molding
process, and can be fabricated by current
SMT equipment; all these features can
simplify the manufacturing process
significantly. Lextar’s White Chip is a chip
scale die without the packaging process.
It features high lumen densities, high lumen
output, wide beam angle. It can be packaged
closer and therefore simplify optical lens
design. Lextar’s White Chip can be applied to
lighting products, especially small sized lamps
such as spot or candle lamps. It can also be
applied to backlighting, helping reduce the
thickness of direct-lit backlight modules.
To demonstrate Lextar’s synergy of vertical
integration, Lextar brought various lighting
applications with its White Chips implemented
to Light + Building 2014. When used in a
GU10 spot lamp, this White Chip can achieve
high lumen output and high lumen intensity;
reaching up to 2500 cd at 25 degrees with
high CRI 90 performance, making it a perfect
replacement for a 50-watt halogen lamp.
The White Chip point-light candle lamp has
identical glowing effects to starlight and
creates an exquisite indoor setting.
Moreover, the light tube equipped with White
Chip and COG (Chip on Glass) technology, on
the other hand, allows for a 360-degree
illumination, reaching an ultra-high efficiency
of 200 lumens per watt.
Since LED companies have been eager to
attempt simplified manufacturing processes
at reduced costs during the past few years,
flip chip and packaging-free LED products are
getting more popular. The Company expects
to move this newly launched White Chip onto
the market during Q2 of this year.
PRODUCTS
8
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Samsung Introduces
Flip Chip LED
Package and Module
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., a world leader
in advanced component solutions, introduced
a new lineup of flip chip LED packages and
modules offering enhanced design flexibility
and a high degree of reliability. The new
offerings, for use in leading-edge LED lighting
such as LED bulbs, MR/PAR and downlights,
will be available in the market during the
second quarter 2014.
Samsung presents Flip Chip on Module (FCOM)
for cost efficient high efficacy lighting solutions
Samsung’s new flip chip (FC) LED package
and flip chip on module (FCOM) solutions
feature highly efficient and versatile LED
structures, created by flipping over blue LED
chips and adhering phosphor film to each of
them. Samsung’s FC package technology can
produce LED packages down to a chip-scale
size without any mold, enabling more
compact lighting fixture designs.
Samsung’s new FC and FCOM series can be
driven at a current higher than that of
conventional LED components, and have low
thermal resistance. The low thermal
resistance improves the reliability of the FC
and FCOM solutions, resulting in higher flux,
and a decrease in the number of packages
needed, plus a reduction in the size of the
circuit board.
Also, by attaching a cell film, each package
gains uniform thickness and lower color
deviation. As a result, the FC and FCOM
solutions provide a high level of color
consistency and ensure the chromaticity
control of MacAdam 3-step ellipses.
The new FC and FCOM LED solutions include
a middle power LED package (LM131A), a
high power LED package (LH141A) and an
LED downlight module.
Flip chip mid power LED package (LM131A)
and high power LED package (LH141A):
Samsung’s LM131A and LH141A flip chip
packages feature exceptionally compact form
factors of 1.22x1.22 mm and 1.4x1.4 mm,
respectively. By excluding a plastic mold, the
two packages can function at a high current
level in a highly reliable manner, even after
long hours of use. These advantages make
them ideal for use in LED lighting applications
requiring a small form factor with high light
output, including LED bulbs and spotlight
products such as MRs and PARs.
Flip chip on module (FCOM) for LED
downlight fixtures:
Samsung’s new FCOM downlight products
are distinguished by their high light output.
Compared to a chip-on-board (COB) engine,
which has a fixed wattage, the new FCOM
permits simple adjustments in the number of
FC LED packages to make the module
compatible with a variety of electrical drivers
of different wattages, in allowing greater
design flexibility.
To create a downlight with 1000 lm output
and 100 lm/W efficacy, Samsung FCOMs
require a 1.7x1.7 cm circuit. Such a small form
factor makes these FCOMs well-suited for
size-sensitive LED lighting applications, which
include LED bulbs, MR/PAR spotlights,
downlights and even cove lighting.
Samsung’s FCOMs can support MacAdam
2-step depending on customer needs, thanks
to the superb color consistency of the chips
and a rating of at least 80 on the color
rendering index (CRI). The new Samsung
FCOMs also offer a range of correlated color
temperature (CCT) – from 2700 to 5000 K.
Luxeon 3535 2D Mid
Power LED Update
Boosts Performance
The Luxeon 3535 2D has increased its typical
flux output by 10%, delivering optimized
performance in combination with the quality
of light needed for distributed light source
applications. Specifically, for Luxeon 3535 2D
2700 K 90 CRI parts, typical flux levels have
increased from 55 lm to 61 lm. Simultaneously,
typical voltage has been lowered - resulting in
an efficacy increase of more than 10%. This
increase in performance will drive the
adoption of LED lighting for consumer bulbs.
Philips Lumileds improved the performance of
the 2700 K / CRI 90 versions of their popular
Luxeon 3535 2D
This is in line with Philips Lumileds targeted
improvements in flux and efficacy for 90 CRI
warm white LEDs. Developed to address the
rapidly growing market for high color
rendering light sources, this boost in
performance of 90 CRI warm white emitters
mimics the color quality of traditional
incandescent bulbs. Increasingly, customers
seeking retrofit lamp solutions are specifying a
minimum of 90 CRI. For example, the
California Energy Commission is requiring
minimum 90 CRI and 50 R9 for light fixtures
installed in California.
Toshiba Shrinks
Package Size of
White LEDs
Toshiba Electronics Europe (TEE) has
launched a new series of ultra-small chip
scale package white LEDs for lighting
applications that can reduce the mounting
area by 90% compared to conventional 3.0 x
1.4 mm package products. The new TL1WK
series LEDs have been designed as light
sources for general lighting, including straight
tube lights, light bulbs and ceiling lights.
Toshiba’s GaN-on-Si based new LEDs for
general lighting applications reduce mounting
area by 90%
NEWS PRODUCTS
9
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
NEWS
The new products utilize gallium nitride-on-
silicon (GaN-on-Si) process technology and a
new process technology that fabricates the
elements of a packaged LED on an 8-inch
silicon wafer. The LEDs are the industry’s
smallest in sub-watt class (0.25 to 0.5 W)
white LEDs, with a package size of just
0.65 x 0.65 mm, but they achieve a luminous
efficacy of 130 lm/W and superior heat
dissipation. Forward current is up to a
max. of 180 mA.
The new white LEDs make it possible to
achieve a narrow beam in small-size lighting
equipment and can contribute to innovation in
lighting design. The first device has a color
temperature of 5000 K and a color rendering
index Ra of 80, other color temperature
variations including 4000 K, 3000 K and
2700 K are also under development.
LUXEON 3020
Crosses the 1 klm/$
Threshold
The launch of the reliable and cost effective
LUXEON 3020 emitter will drive a variety of
long-awaited commercial LED lighting fixtures
into the mass market, including lamps and
troffers. The LUXEON 3020 is Philips
Lumileds’ most affordable mid-power LED,
delivering over 1,000 lumens per dollar.
This product will inspire the market with the
next generation of high quality, efficient and
attractively priced LED lamps.
Philips Lumileds’ LUXEON 3020 is a hot color
targeted leading lm/$ 3V LED in QFN package
Main Features:
155 lm/W (60 mA, 6500 K 80 CRI) and
145 lm/W (60 mA, 3000 K, 80 CRI)
>1000 lm/$ EMC QFN package enable
affordable and reliable designs
Hot targeting at 85˚C ensure ANSI CCT
compliance at operating condition
Micro 1/9th micro binning enable 3, 4,
and 5 SDCM designs
The LUXEON 3020 features hot color
targeting and a 1/9th micro color binning
structure. Philips Lumileds hot color targeting
ensures the color temperature remains within
ANSI specifications at operating conditions.
With the new binning option, customers have
the ability to select portions of the bin
structure that are within the ANSI 5-step
MacAdam Ellipse or 3-step MacAdam Ellipse
regions, achieving the color point needed for
a particular application.
For designers of lamps, troffers, TLEDs, high
bay and low bay luminaires, the LUXEON
3020 produces 90 lm at 6500 K and 80 CRI
when driven at the maximum drive current of
240 mA. The LUXEON 3020 also features the
use of epoxy molding compound (EMC) along
with QFN packaging technology to deliver
superior reliability and thermal properties.
Typical efficacy of the LUXEON 3020 is
135 lm/W at 6500 K at a CRI of 80 and a drive
current of 120 mA. LM-80 data is available for
the LUXEON 3020 emitter.
Toshiba Launches
0.6 & 1 W White
LEDs for Lighting
Toshiba Electronics Europe (TEE) has
announced the launch of two new series of
white LEDs, the 3.5 x 3.5 mm lens package
1 W type TL1L2 series, and the 3.0 x 3.0 mm
flat package 0.6 W type TL3GB series.
Both have been developed as light sources
for general lighting applications (including light
bulbs, base lights, down lights and ceiling
lights), street lights and floodlights.
Toshiba’s latest 1 W & 0.6 W white LEDs are
utilizing gallium nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si)
process technology
Utilizing gallium nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si)
process technology, the new white LEDs
realize low forward voltage (VF) and can
contribute to lower power consumption and
cost reductions in lighting applications.
Forward voltages realized are 2.85 V at
350 mA (TL1L2-Series) and 5.76 V at 100 mA
(TL3GB-Series). Luminous efficacy for the
TL1L2-Series is 135 lm/W (5000 K, Ra70)
at 1 W operation (If=350 mA); for the TL3GB-
Series it is 118 lm/W (5000 K, Ra80) at 0.6 W
operation (If=100 mA). Color variation of six
color temperatures is 2700 K to 6500 K.
LG Innotek’s New
High Power LED
Improves Efcacy
LG Innotek announces the release of a new
high power LED technology, with a 30%
lumen efficacy improvement over its previous
products. The proprietary “next-gen” vertical
chip technology boasts up to 167 lm/W, now
positioned as one of the world’s best
performing High Power LED’s. This represents
a 30% improvement in performance
compared to previous high power products.
LG Innotek’s “next-gen” vertical chip
technology-based new high power LED shows
up to 167 lm/W efficacy which equals a 30%
improvement
LG Innotek’s “next-gen” vertical chip
technology is suitable for high temperature
environments, such as 85°C or above, where
the performance degrades less than 5%,
while typical LEDs show greater light output
degradation.
LG Innotek’s high power LEDs are optimal for
outdoor/indoor applications such as street
lights and commercial High Bay lighting. The
high efficiency of the LED package allows for
design optimization, making the OEMs light
fixture more market competitive and
differentiated. LG Innotek also plans to release
higher CRI (Color Rendering Index) products
(90 or higher) to serve the more demanding
commercial lighting market.
PRODUCTS
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Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
PRODUCTSNEWS
In addition, LG Innotek ensured high
reliability because of the improvement in the
heat dissipation capability with LED epitaxial
growth technology and packaging
technology. So it has a life expectancy of
more than 50,000 hours. LM-80 (The U.S
Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)
LED Lighting reliability ratings) certification
was completed and officially recognized
packages reliability.
Crees New Discrete
HD LED Offers
Highest Performance
Cree, Inc. introduces the XLamp® XB-H LED,
the brightest discrete in Crees high-density
(HD) class of LEDs, delivering a breakthrough
combination of lumen output and efficacy in a
small package. The XB-H LED brings the
lighting-class performance of the XP-G2 LED
into a package that is 50 percent smaller.
Delivering more than 500 lumens at 1.5 A,
25°C in a 2.45 mm² package, the Cre
XB-H LED can enable luminaires that use the
same size footprint XB-D LED to triple their
light output at the same efficacy.
Cree’s new XB-H LED can enable luminaires
that use the same size footprint XB-D LED to
triple their light output at the same efficacy
The XB-H joins the XQ-E in the family of HD
class discrete LEDs that offer the industry’s
highest optical control factor (OCF), a
measurement of how LED size and
performance benefit directional lighting
applications. High OCF LEDs enable lighting
manufacturers to improve the performance of
any lighting design, create smaller and less
expensive systems, and develop new lighting
solutions that were previously not possible.
Utilizing Cree’s proven and highly reliable
ceramic package technology, the new XB-H
LED delivers long L70 lifetimes at both high
temperature and current. In addition,
the XB-H offers compatibility with most optics
designed for the Cree XP family of LEDs,
allowing lighting manufacturers to leverage the
optics of existing lighting designs and improve
time to market.
Lighting manufacturers seeking ENERGY
STAR® qualification can take advantage of
the XB-H LED’s successor status to the
XP-G2 LED - meaning that ENERGY STAR
qualification can be achieved using just
3,000 hours of LM-80 data, instead of the
normal 6,000 hours.
The XLamp XB-H LED is available in color
temperatures ranging from 2700 K to 8300 K
and CRI options of 70, 80, 85 and 90. Binned
at 700mA, 85°C, the XB-H LED delivers up to
499 lumens at 5 W, 85°C. Product samples
are available now and production quantities
are available with standard lead times.
Acrich MJT 2525
Offers Unmatched
Lumen Density
Seoul Semiconductor, a global leader in LED
technology, released a new generation of
LEDs, Acrich MJT 2525 series, with industry
leading performance and lumen density in the
mid-power class. The new mid-power
product family of the 2525 series offers a
compact symmetrical package with
dimensions of 2.5x2.5 mm and wide beam
angles making these LEDs ideal for
applications that require uniform illumination.
SSC’s new Acrich MJT 2525 series is a
mid-power package with leading performance
and lumen density
At the heart of this new package is the
state-of-the-art chip technology from Seoul
Semiconductor and also optimized light
extraction from the package resulting in high
luminous efficacies.
MJT 2525 Data:
CCT [K]: 2600-3700
CRI [Ra]: 80
Size [mm]: 2.5x2.5
Forward Current [mA]: Typical = 40;
Max. = 60
Luminous Flux [lm]: @ 40mA = 95;
@ 60mA = 129
Viewing Angle [deg]: 13
The Acrich MJT 2525 series is a compact
high voltage mid-power package with a
typical forward voltage of 22V. At 3000
Kelvin (K) and a CRI of 80 it achieves a
brightness of 95 lumens (lm) and an efficacy
of 105 lumens per watt (lm/W) at an
operating current of 40 milliamps (mA) at
25°C. With a lumen density of 15lm/mm2
this midpower package is best in class and
has a lumen density five times that of any
other midpower package making it ideal for
space constrained lighting applications.
The wide viewing angle on these LEDs also
helps implement the omni-directionality in
replacement lamp designs.
The high voltage Acrich MJT 2525 series
incorporates the Acrich-Multi-Junction
Technology with multiple junctions on a
single monolithic chip eliminating the usage
of multiple wire bonds between several dies
to create the high voltage architecture.
This construction vastly improves the
reliability of the LED package since it
reduces the potential number of failure
modes associated with wire bonds within
the LED package. This high voltage
architecture also enables the use of simpler,
more cost-efficient drivers, compared to
conventional LEDs. The improved efficiency
of the driver electronics also results in less
heat generated and fewer electronic
components used in the driver design
allowing more space for thermal
management within the luminaire.
Seoul Semiconductors new 2525 Series’
unparalleled lumen density in the mid-power
class of LEDs, not only reduces the total
system costs for designers but also enables
new possibilities in lighting design.
The MJT 2525 series has higher cost
efficiency than most mid-power packages
and has already been adopted worldwide in
a number of designs by key customers.
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Osram OS Soleriq P 9
with Twice the Light
from Half the Surface
For the first time, Osram is offering a chip-on-
board LED, the Soleriq P 9, which is suitable
for compact powerful spotlights such as the
ones used in retail outlets and museums.
The latest member of the Osram Soleriq family
produces 2000 lumen from a surface with a
diameter of only nine millimeters. Compared
with the existing Soleriq S 13, that is twice as
much light from an area half the size. Just one
of the new light emitting diodes is enough to
replace a 35 W HID lamp for spotlighting.
Osram Opto’s new Soleriq P 9 offers a luminous
flux of 2000 lm and a luminous efficacy of
100 lm/W from a light-emitting surface with a
diameter of 9 mm
Technical Data:
Package dimensions: 15 mm x 15 mm
Light-emitting surface: 64 mm²
or 9 mm diameter
Beam angle: 120°
Luminous flux (Tj = 85°C and 3000 K):
2000 lm
Luminous efficacy (Tj = 85°C and 3000 K):
100 lm/W
CRI: min. 80 and min. 90
CCT: 2700 K – 5000 K (CRI 80),
2700 K – 4000 K (CRI 90)
The P 9 has a light emitting surface with a
diameter of only 9 mm (64 mm²) which is
around 50 percent smaller than that of the
existing Soleriq S 13 versions but at 2000 lm
the LED delivers twice as much light with the
same efficiency. This high brightness is made
possible by the surface-emitting chips used.
Even at very high packing densities they can
produce high luminous flux with above-
average efficiency. The small light-emitting
surface means that extremely compact and
therefore lightweight optics can be fitted for
highly compact spotlights. The spotlights can
therefore be less cumbersome and more
cost-effective, while still providing the same
luminous intensity. The luminous intensity of a
35 W HID lamp, for example, can be matched
by just one LED. The Soleriq P 9 has been
designed for use in spotlights for directional
indoor lighting and in particular for shop and
museum lighting.
The new Soleriq is being tested and
measured at a temperature of 85°C to
simulate the thermal conditions in actual
applications as closely as possible.
Customers will therefore be able to directly
plan the use of the LED in their applications
and will not have to carry out time-consuming
appraisals based on data sheet values.
SemiLEDs ReadyWhite
Technology for High
CCT Uniformity
SemiLEDs Corporation, a global provider of
vertical LED technology solutions, announced
sampling and volume availability of the EV-W
series of white LED chips, providing LED
packagers with a vastly increased range of
capabilities while lowering production costs.
The new EV-W chips incorporate SemiLEDs’
proprietary ReadyWhite™ phosphor technology,
which delivers a highly uniform phosphor
coating across the emitter surface, greatly
increasing color precision and uniformity.
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Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
SemiLEDs’ high-output, high-consistency
unpackaged white chips (inset) support the
development of creative new LED packages,
especially lower-profile implementations
The availability of high-output, high-
consistency unpackaged white chips offers
LED packaging and luminaire manufacturers a
wide variety of new COB and package
options by eliminating the phosphor
application from the packaging process.
Innovative package-level implementations can
include variable-CCT single-package
solutions, and greatly simplified RGBW,
WWRA, WWWR or WWGR solutions to
provide enhanced CRI and higher efficiency
red/amber/green augmentation.
EV-W LEDs, based upon SemiLEDs proven
EV product line, are available in high-power
40-, 45-, and 53-mil low-profile vertical chips
and can deliver up to 140 lumens with
efficacies of 130 lm/watt at 350 mA,
depending upon the chip bin and chosen
packaging approach. Standard CCT & CRI
options range from 6500 K & 70 CRI to
2700 K & 80CRI, and include distributions
as tight as ¼ of a standard ANSI bin.
Additional customization, including specialized
phosphor options, is also available.
Historically, manufacturers who assemble
LED chips into low profile packages have
been faced with a substantial challenge when
it comes to uniformity and cost issues. While
the industry has developed effective
techniques to evenly cover the blue chip in a
cavity-based package, current dispensing
and spray-coating techniques tend to deliver
a domed distribution rather than a flat, uniform
coating. While moving to a vertical-metal chip
solves the problem of blue leakage that would
typically emanate from the sapphire substrate
with a dispense-coated or spray-coated
horizontal chip, SemiLEDs ReadyWhite
technology additionally addresses the equally
important issue of uniformity.
The SemiLEDs’ EV-W chip series is designed
for manufacturability and rugged longevity
and is available with an option of gold/tin
(AuSn) metallization to support eutectic
bonding to further enhance thermal
characteristics. The SemiLEDs EV-W series
is RoHS compliant with production quantities
available now.
Philips Lumileds
Mid-Power LED -
LUXEON 3535 HV
Philips Lumileds launched a mid-power LED,
the LUXEON 3535 HV, which allows lighting
manufacturers to design in high voltage
drivers that are diminutive in size compared to
standard drivers, enabling simplified design
and lower total cost of the overall lighting
solution. The company’s high voltage
mid-power portfolio is available in industry
leading 24 V and 48 V parts.
Philips Lumileds’ latest mid-power LEDs,
LUXEON 3535 HV, are high voltage 24 V and
48 V products that allow simplified and compact
fixture designs
Features:
High voltage
Excellent current spreading
High light output per package
1/9th micro color binning
Benefits:
Lower current, more efficient and cost
effective driver
Leads to better light extraction
Allows reduction in LED count
Enables tight color control
Key Applications:
Downlights
Indoor Area Lighting:
Wall Sconce / Wall Pack
Lamps
The advantage of designing in high voltage
LEDs is that they utilize drivers containing on
average less than 20 components, relative to
standard LED drivers that can contain up to
50 components. As a result, the total BOM
cost can be reduced and the amount of
inventory they need to carry to design the
driver is minimized.
Applications for the LUXEON 3535 HV include
space constrained lamps such as retrofit
bulbs, downlights, wall sconces, wall packs,
and pendant luminaires. Philips Lumileds is
providing LM-80 data for its best-in-class 24 V
and 48V LUXEON 3535 HV LEDs. In addition,
these LEDs are offered with a 1/9th micro
color binning structure with 3- and 5-step
color accuracy, offering the customer the
benefit of tight color control.
Typical lumen output and efficacy of the
LUXEON 3535 HV 48 V at 20 mA is 120 lm
and 125 lm/W at a color temperature of
4000 K and CRI of 80. The 24 V LED at
20 mA is 60 lm and 125 lm/W at a color
temperature of 4000 K and CRI of 80.
Philips Lumileds
Debuts LUXEON
3014 and 3030 2D
Philips Lumileds announces two mid power
LED emitters with hot color targeting and new
1/9th micro color binning, the LUXEON 3014
and LUXEON 3030 2D. Hot color targeting
ensures ANSI compliance at application
conditions while micro color binning simplifies
color selection. The new 1/9th micro color
binning structure enables tighter color control
for a given application and designers can
easily pair different bins to hit a 3/4/5 SDCM
color point.
Philips Lumileds’ LUXEON 3014 and LUXEON
3030 2D have the hot color targeting and new
1/9th micro color binning in common
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LUXEON 3030 2D:
Philips Lumileds is introducing the industry’s
first and only mid-power LED with hot color
targeting, which ensures performance within
ANSI specifications at real-life operating
temperatures. The LUXEON 3030 2D is
destined to become a workhorse LED for high
flux applications such as retrofit bulbs and
downlights as well as high bay and low bay
luminaires.
Features & Benefits:
Industry standard package for drop-in
replacement for existing 3030 LEDs
New 1/9th micro color binning
Hot color targeted to ensure that color is
within ANSI bin at typical application
conditions
Leading efficacy of 125 lm/W for warm
white and 133 lm/W for cool white at
120 mA and 25°C
The LUXEON 3030 2D release is also being
introduced with a new 1/9th micro color
binning structure. Customers now have the
ability to accurately select 3 or 5-step
MacAdam Ellipse for optimal color control.
The LUXEON 3030 2D LED utilizes an epoxy
molding compound (EMC) QFN package for
exceptional reliability and excellent lumen
maintenance. Typical warm white (2700 K)
performance is 87 lm at 80 CRI at 120 mA.
Cool white efficacy reaches 133 lm/W at 80
CRI and 120 mA. When driven at the
maximum drive current of 240 mA, the
LUXEON 3030 2D can deliver 160 lm at
6500K and 80 CRI.
The LUXEON 3014:
Philips Lumileds introduces the LUXEON 3014
low-power emitter for linear and
omnidirectional lighting applications such as
under cabinet lighting, refrigerator display
lighting, troffers, TLEDs and retrofit bulbs.
Delivered in a rectangular 3.0x1.4x0.7 mm
footprint, the LUXEON 3014 will be the
industry’s first low-power LED offered with the
advantages of hot color targeting and a 1/9th
micro binning structure.
Features & Benefits:
Industry standard package for drop-in
replacement
New 1/9th micro color binning of ease of
color consistency
Hot color targeted to ensure better color
accuracy
Rectangular package design increases
uniformity
With leading cost effectiveness, the LUXEON
3014 emitter can deliver 10 - 12 lumens of
uniform light at 30 mA in neutral white and
can be driven as high as 100 mA to reach
33 lm. The LUXEON 3014 is offered in an
industry standard QFN package, allowing
compatibility with leading manufacturers
3014 designs.
Toshiba Introduced
a Transparent OLED
and Global Solutions
Toshiba is the only company to provide a full
and comprehensive line-up of solutions for
building and public infrastructure. Toshiba
wants to cover the needs of all 4 key market
segments: home, office, retail and outdoor.
At Light + Building, visitors were able to
discover new and innovative solutions.
Toshiba’s transparent OLED panel’s unique
feature is to emit light from one side only
Transparent OLED:
After the traditional in-organic LED, OLED
(Organic LED) has been heralded as the next
generation light source because of its unique
properties.
Toshiba’s latest development in this field has
been the creation of a transparent OLED
panel, with light emission from one side only.
Compared with the conventional transparent
OLED panels, which emit light evenly to both
sides, this new transparent OLED panel emits
most of its light toward a single desired
direction, effectively illuminating objects and
allowing customers to see through one side of
the panel, even when turned on.
The prototype luminaires using the new
transparent OLED panels provide
comfortable, non-glare lighting when the light
is turned on, and fit seamlessly into the
atmosphere due to their transparency when
turned off.
MEGAMAN Expands
and Improves Range
of MH LED Modules
MEGAMAN®, a leading provider of the latest
in LED lamp technology, showcased its full
range of Metal Halide replacement products
at Light + Building 2014. Used with Zenia®
Modena tracklights and Zenia® Carlo and
Conxento downlights, MEGAMAN®’s
TECOH® modules provide solutions which
accentuate merchandising displays and
illuminate the environment, without the
shortcomings of equivalent metal halide
solutions. Now available to replace 20 W,
35 W and 70 W Metal Halide solutions,
MEGAMAN®’s TECOH® MHx and RDx LED
modules deliver luminous efficacy of up to 125
lumens per watt for high performance light,
have instant start and hot re-strike capabilities
and offer excellent color consistency.
MEGAMAN®’s improved TECOH modules now
cover a broad range of applications, providing
up to 125 lm/W
MEGAMAN® TECOH® MHx Gen2
The patented MEGAMAN® TECOH® MHx
module provides a unique solution utilizing
two axially mounted multichip LED arrays,
which when combined with a reflector, deliver
a precise directional light source with an
extremely even light distribution and minimal
glare. With this unique geometry, TECOH®
MHx enables powerful accent lighting even
with a very narrow beam.
With improved efficacy levels of up to 125
lm/W and the expansion of the range to
include even smaller unit sizes, the TECOH®
MHx - Gen2, available in 17 W and 24 W
versions, offers a viable LED alternative to 20
W and 35 W ceramic metal halide lamps.
MEGAMAN® TECOH RDx
The TECOH® RDx is available in a wide range
of lumen packages – from 1300 lm to 5200
lm. Designed in line with Zhaga interface
Specification Book 3, all TECOH® RDx
modules have the same diameter and height,
with the same screw hole placings. Offering
linear dimming from 1% - 100% TECO
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PRODUCTSNEWS
RDx modules are all designed with the same
LES (Light Emitting Surface) so you can be
assured that every RDx module will fit in the
same fixtures or reflectors.
MEGAMAN®’s lower wattage TECOH® RDx
modules can operate in three different modes:
High Efficiency, Normal and High Output,
meaning each unit is flexible enough to work
in a multitude of applications – maximizing
flexibility, and reducing the need for large
stock holdings.
Advancements in MEGAMAN® LED
Technology means TECOH® RDx modules
have high efficacy levels of up to 126 lm/W,
superb color rendering (available with
Ra82 and Ra94), and color consistency
of < 3 SDCM.
LED Engin Introduces
LuxiTune 2.0 LED
Emitter Module
LED Engin, Inc., a leader in high flux density
LED products, demonstrated the generation
2.0 model of its award-winning* tunable white
light engine LuxiTune, designed to replace
halogen style dimming and color tuning
downlight applications.
LED Engin updated LuxiTune LED Emitter
Module to V2.0 with improved color tuning
opportunities and connectivity
The next gen version of LuxiTune offers many
additional features including a Correlated
Color Temperature (CCT) tuning function that
enables users to separately adjust the CCT,
between 2100 K and 4300 K, and light
intensity (flux). Tracking along the same tune
curve, the existing halogen style dimming
mode allows users to dim from 3000 K to
1800 K. In both modes of operation, the tune
curves have been precisely designed to stay a
short distance below the black body locus
throughout the tuning range, resulting in more
vibrant colors. Additionally, LuxiTune 2.0 has
newly added DMX control functions, such as
switching in between halogen dim and CCT
tune modes. In the second quarter 2014, LED
Engin plans to further expand the LuxiTune
product range with additional DALI control
functionality and 700 lm and 2000 lm versions.
LuxiTune delivers warm, soft tones of dimmed
light in a compact single emitter while
maintaining color quality and consistency
within 3 Standard Deviation Color Matching
(SDCM) throughout the dimming range. LED
Engins robust multi-channel LuxiGen
emitter platform in concert with LuxiTune’s
thermal feedback control eliminates the
known effects of varying light output over
temperature and time from different color
dies, providing exceptional flux and color
stability over the life of the product.
Providing high lumen density and Lux-on-
Target™ performance, LuxiTune has a
luminous flux of 1100 lumens, equivalent to a
60 W halogen lamp. Luminous efficacy is
63 lm/W at temperature including the
secondary optic, far higher than that of rival
products. At full intensity, Color Rendering
Index (CRI) is 90 and LuxiTune maintains a
CRI average of 85 as it dims. Class leading in
size, compact 45mm diameter optics -
available in 24°, 34° and 45° beam angles -
support the development of compact lighting
fixtures and are far easier to integrate into
downlights with beam swivel features.
LED Engin will also showcased Gallery White,
the world’s most compact emitter for
directional lighting boasting an exceptional
color rendering index of 98. Designed for
high-end applications, including retail outlets,
galleries and museums where accurate color
representation is vital, Gallery White offers
high color fidelity in warm white light (3000 K)
and achieves impressive individual R values
(R1-R15) to enhance the contrast of retail
merchandise, artwork and skin tones.
Available in a range of package sizes for
different power ratings from 10 W to 80 W,
the emitters deliver between 480 and 3,450
lumens output. Additionally, there’s a full suite
of TIR lenses to choose from with beam
angles ranging from 9° to 50°.
LED Engin offers Gallery White emitters in a
range of package sizes for different power
ratings from 10 W to 80 W, delivering between
450 and 3,200 lumens output. There is a full
suite of TIR lenses available offering a beam
angle from 9° to 50°.
Bridgelux OLM -
Advanced IP Rated
LED Sub-System
Bridgelux, a leading developer and
manufacturer of LED lighting technologies and
solutions, unveiled the Bridgelux Outdoor
Lighting Module (OLM); a new line of LED
sub-systems which integrates optics,
environmental protection and the LED source
for roadways, parking garages and other
outdoor and industrial applications. OLM will
allow manufacturers to rapidly expand their
product lines while lowering costs.
The OLM Series is Bridgelux’s LED replacement
for the high pressure sodium lamp that may
reduce product development time by three to
six months
Outdoor applications, including roadways,
parking lots and flood lighting are some of the
fastest growing segments in the industry.
According to McKinsey & Company, LED
based outdoor lighting solutions are expected
to grow from six percent of the market ($10
billion USD) to 74 percent by 2020.
The new Bridgelux OLM Series incorporates a
number of key technology advancements and
features that will help luminaire manufacturers
develop a broad range of differentiated
outdoor lighting products with lower total
costs, faster time to market, and industry
leading energy efficacy.
The Bridgelux OLM Series is a reliable and
efficient platform that integrates a number of
fundamental components for building
solid-state luminaires into a single sub-
system. OLM reduces product development
time by three to six months, eliminating up to
$100,000 in R&D expenses. Building solid-
state fixtures with OLM can reduce
manufacturing time by five to seven days.
When compared to conventional high
pressure sodium systems, OLM can reduce
the manufacturing cost of outdoor solid state
lighting fixtures by 10 to 20 percent, and
PRODUCTS
NEWS
reduce maintenance costs while lowering power consumption by up to
65 percent. Further, OLM has been specifically designed to enable
lighting manufacturers to reduce the overall bill of material cost of their
luminaires and deliver a best-in-class cost to the market.
OLM’s slim profile, impact resistant optics, and broad area lighting
capabilities make it the ideal platform for outdoor wall pack and flood
light applications. Designed to be compliant with key light pattern
standards (IESNA, EN13-201, NEMA), the OLM sub-system also has
an Ingress Protection (IP) rating of 66; making it an ideal solution for
harsh outdoor environments.
“Bridgelux continues to push the envelope in LED and SSL technology
innovation, developing products that help light manufacturers and
designers solve their biggest manufacturing problems and toughest
challenges,” said Brad Bullington, Bridgelux’s chief executive officer.
“We are now introducing the industry’s most advanced and
sophisticated LED sub-system for outdoor applications.
Bridgeluxs proprietary integrated symmetric and asymmetric optics
enable lighting manufacturers to design luminaires for targeted
applications that spread light in more effective and efficient ways.
OLM-based fixtures can also be designed into applications with
specific lighting pattern requirements such as glare reduction and
dark sky.
Bridgelux is initially launching six OLM subsystems ranging in power
from 18 to 40 watts and estimated product lifetimes of 50,000 to
100,000 hours. The new OLM sub-system will be commercially
available in June 2014 with pre-orders for this new product being
accepted now.
Philips inroduces a Luminous
Ceiling Predicted by Isaac
Asimov 50 Years Ago
Philips, the global leader in lighting, revealed an innovative luminous
panel that can cover a whole ceiling with homogenous white light.
In 1964 the professor of biochemistry, Isaac Asimov, predicted: “By 2014,
electroluminescent panels will be in common use, and ceilings and walls
will glow softly’’
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PRODUCTSNEWS
Philips’ OneSpace luminous ceiling was
predicted by American author and professor
of biochemistry Isaac Asimov in a 1964 New
York Times article looking at the technology of
the future. He wrote that “By 2014,
electroluminescent panels will be in common
use, and ceilings and walls will glow softly.
The Philips OneSpace luminous ceiling
integrates LED lights with textile to create a
white light ceiling surface that hides the
source of light completely. The result is a
smooth and clutter-free ceiling that emits a
uniform and glare-free light. The emitted white
light recalls the feeling of natural daylight. It
can be dimmed, used as safety lighting and
also be connected to building management
systems enabling centralized control to switch
it on or off for greater energy efficiency.
No additional ceiling is required with Philips
OneSpace luminous ceiling that plays the dual
role of ceiling and light. It also meets all
building and safety requirements.
Philips’ OneSpace luminous ceiling is available
in customized sizes up to 10 x 3 meters,
providing a maximum freedom of design. It is
especially suited for car showrooms, flagship
retail stores and public spaces like airports,
hotels and conference facilities to create a
striking and calm space while also serving as
functional lighting.
Samsung Lens-
Attached Modules
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., a world leader
in advanced component solutions and LED
component technology, said that it has begun
mass producing a value-added line-up of
highly efficient lens-attached LED modules
(LAMs), for use in office LED lighting
applications that include linear and line
lighting, cove lighting and troffers.
The new LAM series makes use of technology
from Samsung LED packages for flat-TV
backlight units (BLUs)
Samsung’s LAM series embraces a state-of-
the-art concept in LED modules. The LAM
solutions are created by attaching lenses on
top of the LED packages in each module.
The lenses add wide beam angles for their
light sources using advanced optic
technology, so that each LED package
can brighten a space larger than that of
conventional packages.
The new LAM series makes use of
technology from Samsung LED packages for
flat-TV backlight units (BLUs). In 2012, when
LEDs became popular in BLUs for LCD TVs,
Samsung created LED BLU modules
combining lenses with LED packages to
increase overall light output.
Using a Samsung LAM solution adds more
design flexibility for a wide range of
luminaires. Unlike fluorescent and
incandescent lamps, conventional LED
lighting features individual LED packages,
each of which emits light. As a result,
depending on the distance between the
diffusion plate and the LED modules in the
fixture, the spaces between packages on the
module can appear as dark spots.
To prevent this, the diffusion plate has to
be placed further away from the module,
which unfortunately increases the thickness
of the fixture.
With the new Samsung LAM series using
diffusion-improving optic technology, the
diffusion plate can be placed much closer to
the module – as close as 35 millimeters, a
significantly smaller space than the 80 to 100
millimeters needed for conventional T5/T8
fluorescent tubes.
Xicato® XIM - The
Intelligent Approach
to the Internet of Lights
Xicato, enablers of the Internet of Lights,
introduced its new XIM LED Module, a 100+
lumen per Watt light source that is designed
to accommodate an integrated LED driver,
on-board dimming capability, self-diagnostics,
sensors and connectivity. For the first time,
a single intelligent module will enable
luminaire manufacturers to simplify the
implementation of controls and dimming
for end-users and establish a true digitally
enabled light platform.
Xicato’s intelligent XIM module delivers more
than 100 lm/W and has a 5-year color
consistency and lumen maintenance warranty
OEMs can offer a more universal and future
proof platform that connects to virtually any
back end operations and management
system via wired and wireless communication
platforms. By integrating most sensors
- essentially putting the power of a
smartphone into the module - XIM enables
aesthetically pleasing, architectural grade
luminaires, enabling an Internet of Lights.
New System Architecture:
Xicato’s integrated approach unifies the
electronics with the LED system. This
future-proof approach removes the variability
between drivers in the market. It simplifies the
OEM supply chain and fewer devices need to
be stocked. Voltages, connectivity and
diagnostics will be completely managed within
the module. A new 48V DC constant voltage
solution enables a thinner track, safe
operation and more cost effective designs.
Integrating in the Module:
Xicato has made a smaller, more cost
effective version of the company’s patented
Corrected Cold Phosphor Technology® that
delivers all the benefits customers have
enjoyed with its first generation of modules
and creates space to integrate electronics and
sensors. With integration in the light source,
luminaires from any manufacturer can work
seamlessly together and with virtually any
management system.
Xicat XTM - Zhaga
Compatible, Cost
Effective LED Module
Xicato, enablers of the Internet of Lights,
announced availability of its new XTM module.
With more than 100 lumens per Watt at
operating temperatures, XTM is a cost
effective module that outperforms competitors
by as much as 20% in its 1300, 2000 and
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
3000 lumen packages. The Zhaga compatible
mechanical interface enables virtually any
luminaire manufacturer to quickly and easily
incorporate XTM into existing luminaires and
for the first time offer Xicato’s renowned light
quality and consistency to a broader portion
of the professional lighting market without
sacrificing system efficiency. Xicato has
dramatically reduced the size of its Corrected
Cold Phosphor Technology®, the innovation
that enables the company to maintain
consistent color and quality of light over time
by keeping the remote phosphor cool.
Xicato’s Zhaga compatible XTM module
delivers industry leading quality
XTM LED Module Features:
Standard, Artist, & Vibrant Series
400 lm to 5000 lm
100+ lm/Watt
2700 K to 4000 K CCT
No UV Emissions
Corrected Cold Phosphor Technology®
Zhaga Compatible
Xicato’s ability to provide engineered light that
is consistent, reliable and uniform over time is
unchanged and the XTM will be available in
Xicato’s full light quality portfolio: Standard
Series, Artist Series® and Vibrant Series,
eight flux options from 400 lumens to 5000
lumens and a full range of correlated color
temperatures from 2700K to 4000K. General
sampling of XTM coincided with this year’s
Light + Building show and production
volumes will be available in June for 1300,
2000 and 3000 lumen options with the
balance through the 2nd half of the year.
The company will continue to provide
customers with comprehensive support,
including identification of complementary
electronic, optical and thermal components to
customers so that customers’ efforts are
greatly reduced and solutions can be brought
to market more quickly and with greater
confidence.
Non-Linear Curved
and Flexible Light
Guides from GLT
Global Lighting Technologies (GLT), the world
leader in edge-lit, LED-based light guides,
has increased their capabilities to include
non-linear curved light extraction
technologies, enabling the design of more
complex light guides.
GLT’s non-linear curved light extraction
technologies enable the design of more
complex flexible light guides
These non-linear light guides can be
integrated into a variety of products, from
overhead lighting and wall sconces to
automotive interior/exterior lighting such as
dome lights, passenger compartment lighting,
and daytime running lights, as well as white
goods and consumer electronics devices.
This new product capability was made
possible by two developments within the
company. The first was the development of a
thin film embossing process that allows
manufacturing of 0.25 mm or less thick
flexible light to be used in applications
requiring flexible or mechanically curved
products. The second was a change to the
manufacturing process of the optical
extraction features embedded in the light
guides, allowing injection molding while
creating the extraction features onto curved
surfaces for thicker light guides. These
developments allow GLT to custom design
the curvature of the light guides for various
applications, offering typical sizes from
0.25 mm to 4 mm thick and greater than 24”
in diagonal, depending on the application.
Diodes High PF Boost
LED Driver for MR16
LED Lamps
Diodes Incorporated, a leading global
manufacturer and supplier of high-quality
application specific standard products within
the broad discrete, logic and analog
semiconductor markets, has introduced the
AL8812 DC-DC converter. This device, which
features boost, buck and voltage-inverting
modes, co-packages a 60 V, 3.6 A-rated
power N-channel MOSFET with all primary
functions required by a DC-DC controller into
the compact DFN6040-12 dual exposed-pad
package, enabling a reduction in form factor
of MR16 LED lamp circuits.
Dimmable MR-16 LED driver system diagram
based on Diodes’ AL8812 and AL8807A
combination
Applications:
Low Voltage LED Lighting such as MR-16
General Purpose DC-DC Converter
Features:
Operation from 3.0 V to 20 V Input
Integrated 60 V, 3.6 A MOSFET
Low Standby Current
Current Limiting
Output Voltage Adjustable
Frequency Operation to 100 kHz
Precision 2% Reference
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant
Halogen and Antimony Free
With a 6 mm x 4 mm footprint and an
off-board profile of just 0.6 mm, the AL8812
converter is comprised of a temperature-
compensated reference, a comparator, a
controlled duty cycle oscillator with an active
current limit circuit, a driver and a high-current
output switch.
The AL8812 features an input voltage range of
3 V to 20 V and an output voltage that is fully
adjustable up to 60 V. This wide operating
voltage range makes the device suitable for
medium-voltage LEDs and 12VAC lighting
applications, as well as dimmable
MR16 LED lamps.
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Shut-down current is very low at less than
0.01 µA, typical, and its maximum output
switch current is 3.6 A. The converter is able
to deliver very accurate voltage and current
control by incorporating a precision reference
with a 2% tolerance.
By combining the AL8812 with its AL8807A
constant current step-down converter, Diodes
Incorporated has produced a two-stage
reference design for dimmable MR16 LED
lamps that provides good transformer
compatibility and low current ripple at a very
reasonable BOM cost.
Dialog Semiconductor
iW3600 with 1-100%
Dimming Range
Dialog Semiconductor introduced its latest
single-stage LED driver to address dimming
performance, heat and cost in high power,
dimmable solid state lighting applications.
The new 45 W output iW3600 seamlessly
dims from 100% down to 1% of measured
light with virtually no dead travel and offers
low pop-on current to turn light on at very low
dimmer levels (< 5% of light output).
Besides built-in configurable temperature
derating for predictable operating life, iW3600
offers a wide 1% to 100% dimming range with a
low pop-on current of < 5% of the light output
Key Features:
Output power: 45W
Single-stage design for low BOM cost
Built-in, configurable LED over-temperature
protection derating
Wide dimmer compatibility (TRIAC, digital),
automatic detection of dimmer type
Wide dimming range: 1% to 100%
Lowest pop-on current < 5% of light output
Configurable dimming curves compliant to
NEMA SSL 6 dimming standard
Meets global standards, including European
Union IEC61000-3-2
Zhaga hot-plug compliant
Low TDH < 20% with high PF > 0.92
The iW3600 also uses Dialog’s patented,
configurable over-temperature protection
(OTP) derating to tackle LED bulb lifetime
issues caused by excessive heat, while its
single-stage, digital design lowers Bill Of
Material (BOM) costs for lighting OEMs.
Designed for retrofit bulbs including external,
dimmable lighting ballast drivers and A19,
PAR and T8 bulb replacements used in
existing phase-cut dimmer installations,
the iW3600 incorporates Dialog’s patented
intelligent dimming control to provide
compatibility with a wider range of dimmers,
including TRIAC, digital and universal
dimmers. This technology uses digital
analytics to query the dimmer and applies
algorithms that automatically adapt to the
dimmer type.
Most power ICs are designed with thermal
shutdown, which simply shuts the IC down in
high temperature environments. This
procedure protects the IC, but not the LED
driver circuit, since most control IC shutdown
occurs well above safe operating
temperatures for electrolytic capacitors.
The iW3600’s built-in configurable
temperature derating technology monitors the
temperature inside the sealed SSL bulb and,
in high temperatures, automatically reduces
current drive to the LEDs in small, virtually
imperceptible increments, then seamlessly
restores brightness as temperature falls.
This results in cooler operation and helps
ensure a predictable and safer operating life.
The iW3600 meets or exceeds global
regulations for power quality and efficiency
with low total harmonic distortion (THD)
< 20%.and high power factor (PF) > 0.92.
Marvells Intelligent
LED Controller for
Smart Wireless Lights
Marvell announced its new AC/DC LED driver
Integrated Circuit (IC), the Marvel
88EM8189 featuring I2C compatible digital
interface integration to connect with a
networking microcontroller that runs a lighting
control protocol, such as Zigbee, for Smart
wireless bulbs, providing premium dimming
performance with a full dimming range from
100 percent to 1 percent.
Marvell’s new 88EM8189 LED controller offers
I2C control, low standby power, compatibility to
phase cut dimmers and accelerates the
transition of smart lighting
Key Benefits:
Single-stage fly-back or buck-boost
topology
Integrated digital interface I2C for
connection to networking microcontroller to
provide digital dimming through ZigBee,
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, PLC and other
technologies
Integrated AC-DC converter for bias power
supply to networking microcontroller
Enables meeting ENERGY STAR power
consumption (500mW standby) when light
is off
Backward compatible with phase cut wall
dimmers worldwide
Reduced system BOM cost with two chip
lamp solution – 88EM8189 plus connectivity
device
Electrical performance:
>0.95 PF
Up to 90 percent efficiency
<20 percent THD
Marvell’s 88EM8189 chip integrates a
separate high efficiency AC to DC power
supply circuit providing standby power
dedicated to the networking chip; therefore,
lowering the bill-of-materials (BOM) for the
electronics and drastically driving down the
price point. This implementation enables the
lowest standby power consumption by the
networking circuit in a Smart wireless bulb
while the light is turned off, allowing the
system solution to meet today’s ENERGY
STAR requirements. Built on the same
technology as Marvell’s industry-leading
phase cut LED driver chip the 88EM8187,
Smart bulbs using the intelligent 88EM8189
chip are backward compatible with existing
phase cut wall dimmers as a system level
option. The Marvell 88EM8189 LED driver
currently is sampling with global customers.
Marvell’s 88EM8189 LED driver IC is part of
the Marvell Smart Lighting Platform which
includes 88MZ100 ZigBee microcontroller,
PRODUCTSNEWS
88MC200 Wi-Fi microcontroller and a low
cost ZigBee-to-Wi-Fi gateway solution. The
Platform fully supports industry open
protocols in ZigBee Home Automation (ZHA)
and ZigBee Light Link (ZLL), and is
accessible by mobile devices via Wi-Fi.
Marvell built an ecosystem around the
platform including original device
manufacturers (ODMs) and cloud software
partners to offer turn-key solution to end
markets. Marvell’s open architecture also
allows the Smart bulb to be connected to
home gateways offered by retailers and
service providers.
Supertex Releases
HV9910C Universal
HB LED Driver
Supertex, a recognized leader in high
voltage analog and mixed signal integrated
circuits (ICs), released an additional package
option for the HV9910C. The Universal High
Brightness LED Driver is now available in a
lead(Pb)-free/RoHS compliant 8-lead SOIC
with heat slug package in addition to the 8L
and 16L SOIC packages.
Typical application circuit using the Supertex
HV9910C LED driver IC
Features:
Enhanced drop-in replacement to the
HV9910B
Open loop peak current controller
Internal 15 to 450 V linear regulator
Constant frequency or constant off-time
operation
Linear and PWM dimming capability
Over-temperature protection
Applications:
DC/DC or AC/DC LED driver applications
RGB backlighting LED driver
Back lighting of flat panel displays
General purpose constant current source
Signage and decorative LED lighting
Chargers
The HV9910C is an open loop, current
mode, control LED driver IC that can be
programmed to operate in either a constant
frequency or constant off-time mode. It
includes a 15 – 450 V linear regulator which
allows it to work from a wide range of input
voltages without the need for an external
low voltage supply. HV9910C includes a
TTL compatible PWM dimming input that
can accept an external control signal with a
duty ratio of 0 – 100% and a frequency of
up to a few kHz. It also includes a
0 – 250 mV linear dimming input which can
be used for linear dimming of the LED
current. The HV9910C is equipped with
built-in thermal shutdown protection.
The HV9910C is ideally suited for buck LED
drivers. Since it operates in open loop
current mode control, the controller
achieves good output current regulation
without the need for any loop
compensation. Also, being an open loop
controller, PWM dimming response is limited
only by the rate of rise of the inductor
current, enabling a very fast rise and fall
times of the LED current. The HV9910C
requires only three external components
(apart from the power stage) to produce a
controlled LED current making it an ideal
solution for low cost LED drivers.
Diodes AL8807B
Simplifies LED
Lighting Design
Diodes Incorporated has introduced a
dimmable buck LED driver enabling a
reduction in component count and PCB size
in 12 V and 24 V LED lighting systems and
MR16-type LED lamps. The AL8807B is a
hysteretic driver with an integrated power
switch and operates at a switching
frequency of 1MHz. The output current is
set using a single external sense resistor.
Diodes’ new AL8807B driver IC simplifies the
driver design for 12 V and 24 V lighting systems
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Dimming is achieved by applying a fast digital
PWM signal to the driver’s control input. A low
voltage, applied to the same input, turns the
output power switch off. Lamp reliability is
ensured by the driver’s built-in over-
temperature, LED open-circuit and short-
circuit protection features.
By packaging the driver in a small footprint,
low thermal-resistance MSOP-8EP package,
a higher power density is achieved,
maximizing the permissible LED current over
a wider ambient temperature range. The
AL8807B delivers an LED drive current up to
1.3 A and operates between -40ºC to +125ºC
with an efficiency of 96%.
From voltage sources between 6 V and 36 V,
the driver will produce a constant current for a
chain of high brightness LEDs. Average LED
current accuracy is better than 5%, helping to
improve channel-to-channel matching and
meeting the requirements of most medium
voltage LED lighting products.
Dialogs iW3640 for
Simple 2-Channel
Color Mixing
Dialog Semiconductor introduced its iW3640
solid state lighting LED driver, designed to
bring mood-enhancing ambiance to price-
sensitive SSL bulbs. The iW3640 2-channel,
25 W SSL LED driver offers a simple,
low-cost, dimmable color-mixing solution to
achieve warm incandescent-like dimming
while eliminating the need for a microcontroller
and dedicated power supply. This reduces the
bill of materials (BOM) cost for 75 W to 150 W
equivalent A19 SSL and PAR bulbs, as well
as 20 W to 45 W commercial dimmable
external lighting ballasts.
iW3640’s simple 2-channel color mixing
operation eliminates costs of MCU and power
supply, while temperature derating ensures
predictable operating life
Key Features:
2-channel, sunset dimming SSL LED driver:
25W output power
Low BOM cost – no external MCU or power
supply; PrimAccurate™ control eliminates
secondary-side regulator or optical
feedback isolator
NTC-based LED over-temperature
protection derating
High power factor (PF) > 0.95, low total
harmonic distortion (THD) < 15%
Phase-cut dimming with wide dimmer
compatibility, automatic detection of
dimmer type
Wide dimming range: 1% to 100%
Meets global energy standards, including
European Union IEC61000-3-2
NEMA SSL 6 compliant
Zhaga hot-plug compliant
While typical LED bulbs retain the same harsh
white color as they dim, the dual driver output
of the iW3640 lets designers use amber LEDs
in parallel with the main white LEDs allowing
LED bulbs to gain warmth as they dim.
Dialog’s patented, built-in digital dimming
technology detects the dimmer type and
phase - automatically adjusting LED color
mixing in step with light intensity to provide
smooth dimming that closely matches the
warmth and ambiance of a traditional
dimmable incandescent bulb from bright
white down to warm amber, with flicker-free
dimming down to 1% of initial brightness.
The result is a much more intimate LED
lighting experience in residential and
commercial settings, where lighting plays an
important role in setting the mood.
Dialog’s digital dimming technology allows the
iW3640 to work with virtually all phase-cut
wall dimmers, including leading-edge (R-type
or R-L type) and trailing-edge (R-C type)
dimmers, as well as digital dimmers.
The iW3640 addresses bulb overheating
issues by including an over-temperature
protection (OTP) derating function. Additional
iW3640 safety features include LED open/
short circuit, over-current, current sense
resistor short-circuit, and input over-voltage
protection.
The iW3640 2-channel, 25 W SSL LED driver
offers a simple color-mixing solution to
achieve warm incandescent-like dimming that
reduces the bill of materials (BOM) cost for
75 W to 150 W equivalent A19 SSL and PAR
bulbs, as well as 20 W to 45 W commercial
dimmable external lighting ballasts.
EnOcean Self-Powered
2.4 GHz Wireless
Switch Module
At Light + Building 2014, EnOcean presented
the world’s first energy harvesting wireless
switch module communicating in the 2.4 GHz
ISM band. The new module is ideally suited
for consumer applications such as the control
of LED lighting systems. It complements
EnOcean’s established battery-less portfolio
in the sub 1 GHz frequency band, often
selected in building automation and smart
home applications. With this portfolio
expansion, EnOcean cements its position as
the leading worldwide enabler of energy
harvesting wireless solutions.
With this new product, EnOcean expands its
portfolio of energy harvesting solution with a
battery free, wireless switch module on the
2.4 GHz band to meet consumer market
requirements
Visitors of Light + Building learned more about
EnOcean’s battery-less wireless switch
module portfolio. For EnOcean, the
development of the self-powered 2.4 GHz
switch module signifies an entry-point for
business acceleration in the consumer space.
The power of motion:
The 2.4 GHz switch module has the same
form factor as EnOceans renowned PTM 210
module in the sub 1 GHz frequency band.
Therefore, it fits in any standardized light
switch. It is powered by EnOcean’s miniature
world patented ECO 200 electromechanical
energy generator. Converting kinetic energy
into electrical energy it works in the same way
as a small but powerful dynamo, drawing out
and delivering this power to a wireless
module.
Worldwide-established technology:
EnOcean sells its self-powered wireless
solutions in 37 countries on four continents
and has been adopted by more than 150
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OEMs worldwide. The EnOcean radio
standard ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 is very well
established for battery-less wireless solutions
in building automation based on a large
ecosystem of products. EnOcean’s self-
powered wireless switch modules are already
widely used in the building automation and
smart home sectors. Here, they have proven
that wireless link is a reliable alternative to
traditional wiring in buildings. With its new 2.4
GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) switch module, EnOcean
is targeting the specific requirements of
worldwide consumer applications.
m!Qbe - New
Controls Concept for
Modern Lighting
The m!Qbe makes it simple to control your
light. Its six faces reproduce six lighting
functions that can be easily selected by
placing the cube on the corresponding face.
Predefined favorite lighting situations as well
as the manual adjustment of color and
intensity are provided by the m!Qbe. It is
therefore much more flexible than a traditional
light switch but at the same time much easier
and faster to use than a smartphone app for
lighting control.
The system consists of the m!Qbe, the gateway
m!Base and the wireless charging station
m!Charger and offers a perfect connection
being compatible to the system of Philips hue
New lighting technologies bring reams of
options to vary personal lighting at home. An
easy and intuitive solution is needed to extend
or to replace traditional light switches in order
to use all these possibilities in daily life. The
team behind the m!Qbe was faced with that
very problem when one member’s grandma
visited them one day. She was amazed at the
colorful LED lamps and wanted to take them
home – until she got to know the control with
a smartphone app. That is why the young
startup from the Lighting Technology Institute
of KIT in Karlsruhe (Germany) deals with the
intuitive control of light. Now, with the m!Qbe
a light switch is available that offers both
access to all the options of modern lamps and
easy usage that is a lot of fun.
The m!Qbe features six functions to control
the light. Besides the off-state two faces serve
as manual adjustment of light color and
intensity. A simple rotation of the cube around
its own axis changes these parameters
individually. Once the preferred color and
brightness are chosen for one lamp, the next
lamp can be selected with a short touch on
the face or the current situation can be
transferred with a long touch to all lamps in
the room. The remaining three faces store
favorite lighting situations that can be
accessed directly by turning the cube to the
corresponding face. Thus it is easy to switch
on the suitable light for different situations
such as reading the newspaper or relaxing on
the couch. The m!Qbe is the perfect light
switch for everyone who wants to control their
lights quickly and simply. In addition, there is
always a surprise inside. It never gets boring
with the random lighting situations achieved
by shaking the m!Qbe.
The 77x77x77mm sized m!Qbe communicates
via Bluetooth to a gateway that is connected
to the local network. With its open source
software it will be possible to connect other
devices of daily life in a similar way, for
example, the audio system.
LumaStream
Broadens Trinity
Line Power Centers
LumaStream, the leader in low-voltage,
intelligent, LED lighting systems, announced
today that it has expanded its Trinity line of
remote power drivers for LED lighting, adding
an analog model with as many control zones
as power channels to give lighting designers
and system integrators ultimate design
flexibility. Lighting applications where 0-10V
controls are most common, but where only
small numbers of LED fixtures are grouped
together on one switch, can now have the
same variety of lighting configurations as a
digital, low-voltage system at the lower analog
system price point.
The expansion of the Trinity™ series brings new
flexibility to low-voltage LED lighting systems
LED is the fastest growing technology for
general lighting in commercial buildings.
LumaStream is the only company to offer a
holistic approach to low-voltage power
distribution for LED lighting. The Trinity 3-in-1
platform combines digital power conversion,
constant current drivers, and superior
dimming control into one cohesive, intelligent
LED power supply. Trinity remote drivers can
power and control up to 24 LED luminaires up
to 200 ft. away using only thin-gauge
speaker wire.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy,
onboard drivers are the number one source of
failure in LED fixtures. LumaStream eliminates
that failure point, combines power and control
onto one wire, and provides both analog and
digital control protocols.
The new Trinity Analog model is ideally suited
for hospitality and medical office applications
where standard analog control switches and
dimmers are used and where individual rooms
or spaces may have only one or two LED
fixtures that need to be powered or dimmed
at once. Both markets, hospitality and
healthcare, are experiencing growth in 2014,
leading in new construction numbers.
A first project to benefit from the new Trinity
Analog power supply is the St. Petersburg
College midtown campus. Opening later this
year, the new facility will incorporate
LumaStream low-voltage power distribution
and LED fixtures. Each administrative office
will have the familiar toggle switches and slide
dimmers for light control, but groups of
several offices will be able to be powered from
a single Trinity remote power supply. The
energy efficiency and infrastructure savings
are significant, while the system is easy to
install, configure, and commission. This saves
the college upfront investment and shrinks the
ongoing operating expense.
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EM converterLED -
Emergency Light for
Standard LED Modules
With the EM converterLED product range,
Tridonic provides simple implemented
emergency light functionality with local battery
supply for standard LED modules. The
emergency light drivers feature reliable 3-pole
technology with compatibility to most LED
control units in the market. Thanks to power
control, the maximum output for specified
rated operating duration is always achieved in
emergency light operation.
Tridonic’s EM converters are available in three
versions, Basic, Selftest and DALI, offering
different function and duration test functionality
The product family consists of the versions
EM converterLED BASIC, EM converterLED
SELFTEST and EM converterLED PRO DALI.
EM converterLED Types:
EM converterLED BASIC features
fundamental emergency light functions with
an appealing price-performance ratio. The
function test and duration test are carried
out manually, whereby the function test
must be implemented once monthly and
the duration test once each year.
EM converterLED SELFTEST features
self-test functions for the emergency
lighting installation. An indicator LED
positioned noticeably on the luminaire
housing displays the test results. Integrated,
automatic test routines in the emergency
light unit are implemented in compliance
with international standards for emergency
light operation.
EM converterLED PRO DALI represents the
high-end solution in the portfolio of
emergency light drivers. Tests can be
individually set via DALI x/e touchPANEL or
other DALI-compatible components for
each device. The test results are either
displayed with an indicator LED on the
luminaire housing or documented centrally,
e.g. on the DALI x/e touchPANEL.
Classification according to SELV classes:
All three versions are additionally subdivided
according to SELV classes. Luminaire design
is particularly simple up to a maximum of 60 V
forward voltage (EM converterLED 50 V – 10
to 50 V forward voltage), as no supplementary
measures are needed for protection against
accidental contact. Typical applications are
spots for example, operated with higher
current but with forward voltage below 50 V.
SELV applications to a maximum of 120 V
forward voltage (EM converter LED 90 V – 50
to 90 V forward voltage) cannot be touched
and are suitable for luminaires requiring higher
forward voltage. Typical applications are
single LED modules switched in series with a
nominal consumption of 20 to 50 W.
The non-SELV versions have been designed
for maximum output voltages of 200 V (EM
converterLED 200 V for 50 to 200 V forward
voltage). These are typically assembled in
linear and planar luminaires and also ensure
homogeneous light distribution with
emergency lighting.
The emergency light drivers are compatible
with standard dimmable and non-dimmable
constant current converters on the market,
and thanks to integrated power control always
ensure maximum output for the specified
rated operating duration (1 – 3 hours).
The emergency light driver identifies the
forward voltage of connected LED modules
and regulates the LED current to the
maximum possible value with which
connected batteries achieve the specified
service life. The power control function also
enables many different combinations of
LED converters and modules.
SL Power’s Smallest
Conduction Cooled
130 W Power Supply
SL Power Electronics, an industry leader in
the design and manufacture of rugged, highly
reliable power supplies, announces its LB130
series single output power supply. The LB130
is the first conduction cooled LED power
supply to deliver 130 W at 90% efficiency in
such a small size. It is ideal for high intensity
entertainment applications such as stage
lighting and theatre control systems due to
the ability to operate efficiently in extreme
temperature conditions and tight spaces.
SL Industries’ new 130 W LB130 Series AC/DC
power supply offers high power density,
high efficiency and a wide temperature
operating range
The LB130 is designed to operate from
-40°C to 70°C providing optimum thermal
performance. Delivering 130 watts at 70°C
ambient, the LB130 power supply is the
smallest in the industry featuring conduction
cooling that eliminates space and
associated costs needed for fans.
Meeting EN55015 standard for Electro
Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) immunity
and Class B Conducted EMI, the LB130
does not require an external
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) module
– saving valuable space and costs. In
addition, the power supply can turn on at
-40°C, eliminating the need for a costly
heating element. The LB130 also meets the
European lighting harmonic requirements
from 130 Watts to 5 Watts, enabling the
lighting fixture to comply with EN61000-3-2
class C for 100% to 0% dimming. Featuring
over 50,000 hours of life expectancy at
70°C ambient temperature, the LB130
provides the key element for a LED
solution over traditional lighting.
The new model features a universal input of
90 to 264 VAC and 56 V output voltage.
Moreover, the LB130 Series high power
density power supply is ideal for backlight,
panel and architectural lighting as well as
light controllers needing a highly reliable
and energy efficient power solution in a
small form factor at an affordable cost.
Featuring a three-year warranty, the RoHS
compliant LB130 model has more than
50,000 hours of lifetime expectancy
operating at 70°C and has EN/CSA/UL/IEC
60950-1, 2nd Edition approval markings.
PRODUCTSNEWS
PhosphorTech Releases New
RadiantFlex Products
PhosphorTech has just released its latest RadiantFlex phosphor sheet
product series for ultra-high color rendering (CRI) LED applications
and, furthermore, has recently demonstrated a High Light Extraction
(HLE) version of its remote phosphor RadiantFlex sheet capable of
improving a white LED’s wall plug efficiency (WPE) by as much as 31%.
Comparison of the RadiantFlex and conventional phosphor technology
High CRI RadiantFlex Series:
The new products are available from “warm white” (CCT~3000 K) to
“cool white” (CCT~5500 K) versions with CRI as high as 96 using blue
LEDs between 450-455 nm. These products offer unmatched
www.osram-os.com
Light is OSRAM
Light is brilliant
Solid State
Lighting Solutions
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PRODUCTSNEWS
luminous efficacies when compared to
competing technologies having similar CRI.
Such high performance is achieved by the
unique ability of the RadiantFlex
manufacturing process to accurately layer
different phosphors and achieve unique
spectral shapes while minimizing self-
absorption and scattering losses.
High Light Extraction RadiantFlex Series:
The new technology enables the thin remote
phosphor sheet to couple directly to the top
surface of a COB LED encapsulant using a
high performance silicone layer that can
withstand temperatures as high as 260°C.
This results in increased light extraction and
more effective thermal management that can
lower the phosphor operating temperature
and improve both efficiency and longevity.
The remote phosphor sheet can be die-cut
and applied to the LED surface using
standard pick-and-place equipment.
This technology has also been used to
demonstrate LED light engines with ultra-high
color rendering index (CRI Ra~97) with high
R9 in all colors ranging from “warm white”
(CCT~3000 K) to “cool white” (CCT~5500 K).
About the RadiantFlex Technology:
The most common usage of phosphors in
solid-state lighting (SSL) involves pre-mixing
micron-size particles with a polymer and
directly depositing the phosphor slurry on the
LED die. Unfortunately, such a traditional
approach results in lower wall plug efficiency
(WPE) due to optical scattering losses and
light trapping within the phosphor/polymer
matrix. Furthermore, as LED power increases,
this method becomes more limited because
of the significant thermal and optical loads on
the phosphor, which lead to further drop in
efficiency and performance at higher
temperatures and power densities. Therefore,
the remote phosphor approach becomes
more attractive.
The RadiantFlex technology and
corresponding patent-pending manufacturing
process are a direct result of over a decade of
research in various remote phosphor
application methods, phosphors, and
substrate materials.
Unlike conventional remote phosphor plates,
the RadiantFlex technology enables package-
level application of phosphor layers to blue
(and UV) LEDs. This removes the need for
expensive mixing chambers and external
reflectors and provides higher performance at
lower costs. The RadiantFlex approach also
eliminates the need for LED producers to
handle phosphor powders and invest in
expensive phosphor mixing and dispensing
equipment. This will result in considerable
R&D savings for LED and lamp manufacturers
who typically must spend significant time and
resources developing a custom phosphor
mixture for each application. As is well-known
in the SSL industry, achieving high CRI with
high luminous efficacy in white LEDs is a
complex process plagued with repeatability
and uniformity problems since it involves a
carefully controlled mixture of several different
phosphor compounds. The RadiantFlex
technology eliminates those problems and
enables detailed analysis and quality
verification of the phosphor layers prior to
integration with the LED. This results in
significant savings in terms of materials and
resources that are typically involved in any
new LED product development &
manufacturing.
Fischer Elektronik -
Round Cellular KTE R
Heat Sink
It is sufficiently well-known and not a question
that LEDs have become the lighting medium
of the future in many areas of daily life.
Innovative cooling concepts to cool the LEDs
are more requested and in demand than ever
to be able to use the advantageous properties
of the LED truly effectively and with a
particularly long service life.
Fischer Elektronik offers customization of the
surfaces, cores and heat spreaders for its new
KTE R series round heat sinks
Fischer Elektronik supports this ongoing
demand by expanding its extensive product
range of LED heat sinks with cellular heat
sinks in a round model with individual design
possibilities of the series KTE R.
To receive the LEDs, they consist of a full
aluminum core with continuous grooves in
which aluminum plates are attached for heat
abduction via a pressure/adhesive bond.
The core diameter to the LED receiver, the
plate number, thickness and geometry can
also be adapted to all conventional LED
modules and sizes according to customized
specifications. Due to the design flexibility,
there is also the possibility to integrate
complete LED systems including reflectors
and the corresponding LED holders as well as
fan motors for active cooling.
Different surfaces, mechanical processing as
well as receptacle cores for heat spreading
from copper can also be realized.
AI Technology’s
Second Generation of
Patented Cool-Pad™
AI Technology, Inc. (AIT) introduces Cool-
Pad™ CPR7154, a new class of thermal
interface material that dispenses like a thermal
pad, but performs with characteristics like that
of a grease or gel when device temperatures
increase to above 45°C. Cool-Pad™ CPR7154
is optimized to accommodate large areas with
different heights and gaps of less than 3-mil
along its interfacing area. It is filled with a
modified oxide mixture and is electrically
insulating at normal voltage. It is designed to
have high compressibility as applied in
comparison to traditional thermal pads. Once
the device temperature reaches 45°C,
Cool-Pad™ CPR7154 will “melt-flow” to fill
even the smallest of trapped air along the
interface between the device and heat-sink or
heat-spreader.
AIT’s Cool-PadTM is simple to use and offers
high performance
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
PRODUCTS
NEWS
Cool-Pad™ CPR7154 is semi-tacky on both
sides for optimum thermal transfer
performance. Cool-Pad™ CPR7154 has high
thermal conductivity and low Tg
characteristics that impose minimum thermal
stress on bonded parts during thermal cycling
or shock testing. While Cool-Pad™ has some
intrinsic tack strength; it is not designed for
bonding. A mechanical fastener must be used
to provide assembly integrity.
A mechanical fastener of 5 psi or more is
recommended to provide intimate contact
between the Cool-Pad™ and the interfacing
surface. Because Cool-Pad™ is
compressible, it will fill in uneven height
differentials and warps between the mating
surfaces. The ultimate performance of
Cool-Pad™ is achieved after the first cycle of
melt-flow phase-change at 45°C or
automatically when the device heats up during
operation or with externally applied heat if the
device is not anticipated to reach 45°C.
Cool-Pad™ CPR7154 is designed for thermal
interface applications to withstand the worst
of temperature and moisture exposure in
outdoor LED luminaire applications with
modules from different brands.
MechaTronixs Small
Spot Light LED Cooler
ModuLED Pico
As an extension to the success of the
ModuLED modular LED coolers, MechaTronix
developed a new era of passive LED cooling
in a diameter of 47 millimeters, named the
ModuLED Pico. The secret of the ModuLED
Pico can be found in the way that the ultimate
thermal performance has been reached in this
narrow diameter.
MechaTronix’s new ModuLED Pico with
its unique thermal design serves various
LED platforms
The ModuLED Pico has a unique thermal
design, based on the ideal balance between
creating cooling surface and generating
space for free air convection cooling.
Also the outer surface is extended to generate
extra radiation cooling. Radiation can count
for up to 40% of the total cooling performance
in free air convection environments, and
mainly depends on the visible surface and
the emissivity of the surface.
Even under a tilted position of 50 degrees the
cooling performance remains almost
unchanged. This makes the ModuLED Pico
the ideal cooling source for tiltable spot and
down light designs.
Two new versions are available and focus on
the medium LED spot and down light market
from 600 to 1,800 lumen. With a fixed diameter
of 47 mm and lengths of 50 mm and 80 mm
the ModuLED Pico have a thermal resistance
of respectively 5.2°C/W and 4.2°C/W.
The ModuLED Pico is foreseen as a variety of
standard mounting patterns for all the newest
generation LED modules and COB’s. In this
way lighting designers can standardize their
designs with a limited number of LED coolers.
Just mechanical compatibility is of course
not sufficient, so a thermal validation will be
necessary with a combination of the LED
module/COB and the cooler. Either the
application engineers from the brand partners
or MechaTronix’s LED design team offer
assistance on thermal compatibility questions.
WAGOs New SMD
PCB Terminal Block
for Small LED Modules
The 2059 Series compact SMD PCB terminal
blocks stand out thanks to their compact size,
their small pin spacing and a high rated
voltage, making them particularly well-suited
for small LED modules in spotlights,
downlights or street lights. The smallest
WAGO terminal block, with a mere overall
thickness of only 2.7 mm, is extremely flat,
covers a wire cross section range of AWG 26
to AWG 22 (0.14 to 0.34 mm²), for solid
conductors, and has pin spacing of 3 mm.
The PCB terminal block is designed for a
rated current of up to 3 A and a rated
voltage of 160 V.
WAGO expands its SMD family with the new,
just 2.7 mm high, extremely compact 2059
Series PCB terminal blocks
Design Benefits of the WAGO Terminal
Blocks:
The terminal block small size means it
requires less space for the connection
technology used. Its low profile, along with
its light color, reduces on-board LED
shadowing.
The terminal blocks are available as 1-, 2- or
3-pole versions and can be connected in
series without losing any poles. This means
that no extra terminal block versions need
to be kept on stock when a higher number
of poles is required - increasing flexibility
and reducing costs.
Use and handling is especially easy, as solid
conductors can simply be directly inserted
and also removed quickly using an
operating tool.
The PUSH WIRE® connection provides a
high-quality and maintenance-free
connection.
Besides the smallest terminal blocks of the
2059 Series, WAGO covers an extensive
range of applications with its 2060 and 2061
Series, up to maximum conductor cross
sections of 1.5 mm². The 2060 and 2061
Series terminal blocks are equipped with an
integrated push-button that can be used to
very easily connect fine-stranded conductors
and to remove the connected conductors.
The 2060 Series SMD PCB terminal blocks
are ideal for surface-mounted PCB
applications. Just 4.5 mm high and a
conductor cross section of 0.2 to 0.75 mm²,
these terminal blocks offer great benefits in
the smallest of space. The 2061 Series SMD
PCB terminal blocks have a cross section
range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm² and are perfect both
for industrial applications and for direct
feed-in of LED modules.
All SMD PCB terminal blocks are available in
tape-and-reel packaging for use in automated
machines, allowing them to be fully integrated
into SMT assembly and processing.
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Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Molex Low-Profile
Lite-TrapTM SMT Wire-
to-Board Connectors
Molex Inc. announces its new Lite-Trap™ SMT
Wire-to-Board Connector System featuring an
overall compact size that meets the needs of
thin LED lighting-module applications.
Molex’s new Lite-Trap™ easy-to-use push-
button latch allows simple field assembly and
removal for manufacturers of thin LED lights
LED lighting manufacturers are continually
looking for ways to reduce component height
on their boards in order to achieve thinner
designs and minimize shadowing or
interference with the light source. Molex’s
push-button style Lite-Trap wire-to-board
connectors, with a profile height of just
4.20 mm, provides one of the lowest profile
and wire insertion forces available on the
market today compared to wire-removable
type connectors.
The termination method of the Lite-Trap
connector is similar to the established Wire
Trap connectors Molex introduced, as well as
certain ‘poke-in’ types, but requires a lower
wire insertion force. A stripped wire is inserted
into the connector and pushes open a
dual-contact gate-style terminal design that
traps” the wire, providing a secure electrical
contact and high wire-retention force. The
Lite-Trap connector also features a user-
friendly latch that is easy for operators to
engage and disengage without the use of a
tool. These features combine to offer easy
field assembly and removal if needed, even for
untrained technicians.
Other features of the Molex Lite-Trap
connector include a long wire insulation
design that provides stable wire placement for
additional contact assurance. In addition, an
innovative wire stopper feature facilitates
correct wire insertion depth placement.
Ideal Introduces
Compact Low-Profile
COB Array LED Holder
Ideal Industries, Inc., a leading supplier of LED
components to OEM light fixture
manufacturers, introduced the new Chip-
Lok(TM) Jr., a compact, low-profile version of
the company’s original Chip-Lok COB (Chip
On Board) array holder. The new Chip-Lok Jr.
provides improved design flexibility when
integrating smaller arrays into compact
fixtures and lamps.
Ideal named its new COB Array LED holder,
which is consistent with Zhaga size and
mounting parameters, Chip-Lok Jr.
The new Chip-Lok Jr., with its small footprint,
fits virtually any size fixture and is configured
to hold arrays from Cree, Citizen and most
other leading manufacturers. It helps OEMs to
lower system cost, increase reliability,
and bring their designs faster to market.
Measuring only 35 mm in diameter, the
Chip-Lok Jr. occupies approximately 50%
less area than the original. It stands 0.3mm in
height above the array to allow unmatched
access to LES for optics. Screw mounting
holes at 25 mm and 35 mm spacing further
enhance design flexibility. The size and
mountings are consistent with Zhaga
parameters, providing a means for OEMs to
standardize on luminaire components and
utilize COBs from different manufacturers.
The Chip-Lok Jr. holder is fabricated from
hardened stainless steel to prevent the
“creep” to which plastics are prone, assuring
greater thermal pressure for the life of the
luminaire. This metal frame also provides a
thermal path so the array can run significantly
cooler while offering superior structural
strength when compared to arrays mounted
using plastic holders. Because Chip-Lok Jr.
array holders help lighting manufacturers
reduce chip temperature, the OEM can
benefit from extending array life or reducing
the size of their heat sink.
Instrument Systems
Goniophotometer for
Angular-Resolved
Measurements
The LGS 1000 from Instrument Systems
allows angle dependent spatial radiation
characteristics of large LED modules,
solid-state lighting (SSL) products, as well
as lamps and luminaires to be determined.
The Munich-based company presented key
upgrades for its largest goniometer system
at this year’s Light + Building fair
in Frankfurt.
With Instrument Systems LGS 1000 and the
optional luminous flux integrator, the
measurements can be taken faster and are
more accurate
The LGS 1000 can be operated together
with a photometer as a conventional
goniophotometer or with a spectrometer
as a high-quality goniospectroradiometer.
This allows all important performance
characteristics such as luminous intensity
distribution curves, luminous flux, color
coordinates and even color rendering index
to be measured.
As an optional accessory, the newly
developed luminous flux integrator allows
the characteristics of lamps and luminaires
to be determined in their required burning
position. An added benefit is that the
measurements can be taken faster and are
more accurate. Furthermore, Instrument
Systems supplies an innovative correction
procedure for position-sensitive samples.
If a low-maintenance measuring system
with a compact footprint is a top priority,
the LGS 1000 together with correction of
the burning position provides a genuine
alternative to a large and expensive rotating
mirror goniophotometer.
PRODUCTSNEWS
Alongside the new accessory options, the basic version of the goniometer also offers
an array of advantages. Accessible steps allow samples up to 2 m in diameter and
weighing 50 kg to be easily mounted. Notwithstanding the robust dimensions,
the LGS 1000 can still be accommodated in a laboratory with a standard ceiling height.
The two synchronously controlled servo motors with precision angle encoders facilitate
simultaneous movement with minimal vibration. The reproducibility of the sample
positioning is smaller than 0.1° at nominal load.
The comprehensive SpecWin Pro software package offers easy evaluation and reporting
of the measured data. Alongside a turnkey solution for electrical drive and measurement
of samples, SpecWin Pro can generate the important IES and EULUMDAT formats for
the lighting industry.
Lambda Research Corporation Announces
the Release of OSLO v6.6.2
Lambda Research Corporation, the leading designer and publisher of illumination and
optical design software, announces the latest release of OSLO – v6.6.2 – which contains
significant updates and enhancements.
OSLO is available in four editions, OSLO Premium, OSLO Standard, and OSLO Light, plus a free
educational version OSLO EDU
OSLO (Optics Software for Layout and Optimization) is a powerful optical design
program with the scope needed to meet today’s optical design requirements at an
affordable price. In addition to classical lens design features, OSLO combines advanced
ray tracing, analysis, and optimization methods with the only compiled macro language
in an optical design program, to quickly solve a wide variety of new problems in
optical design.
Release v6.6.2 consists of several updates and improvements: most notable is support
for the Hikari index interpolation formula and an overhaul of the glass catalogs to reflect
the latest data from CDGM, Hikari, Hoya, Ohara, Schott, and Sumita.
Primarily used for lens design, OSLO enables optical designers to determine the optimal
sizes and shapes of the components in optical systems and is capable of modeling a
wide range of reflective, refractive, and diffractive components.
PRODUCTS
NEWS
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Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
NEWS PRODUCTS
LED MR16 Lamp
Smoothly Mimics
Halogen Dimming
Ledzworld, the innovator behind the top
brands in commercial LED lighting,
displayed a breakthrough color temperature
adjustable LED MR16 lamp that perfectly
emulates the color tones of halogen light
bulbs when dimmed at Light + Building.
Now users can create the right color
temperature ambiance through dimming
while enjoying the energy-efficient and
long-lasting benefits of LED lighting.
The second generation of Ledzworld’s “Color
Temperature Adjusted” (CTA®) dimming
technology allows a CCT range from 2700 K
down to 1600 K while adjustments can be made
to meet customers’ specific demands
Seen as a large barrier to wider adoption of
LED lighting, full-linear dimming has been
an obstacle for many manufacturers. LED
MR16 lamps on the market today simply
reduce light output when dimmed,
but maintain the same Correlated Color
Temperature (CCT) throughout the dimming.
This leaves much to be desired when it
comes to the ambience in a room.
Utilizing a second generation of the
company’s patented and award-winning
“Color Temperature Adjusted” (CT)
dimming technology, Ledzworld’s new
CTA 2.0 LED MR16 lamp not only adjusts the
light output strength while being dimmed,
but also gradually transforms from a bright
soft tone color temperature at the highest
level, to a warm flame color at the lowest
dimming level.
The CCT on the new lamp will range down
from 2700 K to 1600 K depending on the
dimming level, and adjustments can be made
to meet customers’ specific demands.
Samsung Debuted
New Smart Bluetooth
Controllable LED Bulb
Samsung Electronics launched a range of
LED lamp solutions. The highlight is a Smart
Bulb that includes Bluetooth controllable LED
lighting designed for the future.
Samsung’s new Smart Bulb will be available for
B2C and B2B markets, whereby B2B customers
can also deploy Zigbee
Unlike traditional Wi-Fi controllable LED lighting,
the Smart Bulb utilizes Bluetooth technology
which eliminates the need for a bridge and
wireless AP, enabling the user to connect and
control it directly from a smartphone or tablet
PC. By installing an application, users can
access and control up to 64 Smart Bulbs with
no additional equipment or set up required.
The Smart Bulb can be dimmed down to 10%
brightness and is CCT tunable from 2700 K to
6500 K. With a lifetime of 15,000 hours per
Smart Bulb, users will receive approximately
10 years of highly-efficient light.
B2B customers can deploy the Zigbee Smart
Bulb that allows lighting to be controlled from
anywhere and from smart devices such as a
smartphone and tablet PC.
UGetLight Introduced
New Liquid Cooled
Led Bulbs
Beijing UgetLight Co.,Ltd (Ugetlight) took
advantage of led replacement trends under
worldwide incandescent lamps bans by
introducing its new generation of led-“UGL
liquid-colored led bulbs at Light + Building
2014. Adopted liquid cooling patent
technology, liquid cold LED light is now
considered as the best replacement of
traditional incandescent lamps.
UGetLight’s latest liquid-cooled LED bulbs were
released at Light + Building covering 6, 8 & 12
W A19 lamps of different CCTs from 3000 - 6500
K
UGL liquid-cooled LED bulbs are made for
bringing artificial lights back to tradition and
prevail over tradition. UGL liquid-cooled LED
bulbs are designed with the same look as
incandescent bulbs and use liquid cooling
patent technology to give a true 360-degree
light resembling regular incandescent lights
and prevent thermal deterioration of the LED
Therefore UGL liquid-cooled LED bulb is the
simplest and most perfect replacement of
traditional lamps.
The bulbs are respectively equivalent to
60 W, 75 W and 100 W incandescent bulbs.
Each bulb is rated for 50,000 hours of life has
a CRI above 80, gives 360 degree lighting
under working temperature at 40-55°C.
Verbatim Innovative
Optics Improves LED
Lamp Performance
Verbatim unveiled a dichroic-effect MR16 LED
lamp and advanced omnidirectional optics for
Classic A lamps.
Some of Verbatim’s new optics are the
Mirageball (right) used in A lamps (left) and
the dichroic-effect optics of the new MR16
lamps (center)
30
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Verbatims dichroic MR16 LED lamp is a
cost-effective, energy-efficient replacement for
dichroic halogen lamps popularly used for
track lighting, pendant fixtures and retail
display lighting. The lamp provides all the
energy saving benefits of LED lighting together
with the sought after surround lighting effect
that is the characteristic of dichotic halogen
lamps. The Verbatim 4W dichroic MR16 LED
lamp with GU5.3 base delivers excellent optical
control with minimal spill and a crisp 30 degree
beam angle focusing light where it’s needed.
With a compact body, the MR16 does not
interfere with fixtures.
Using a unique lens created via a two-color
molding process developed by Mitsubishi,
Verbatim will also showcase Mirageball optical
technology. This special optic lens delivers
uniform omnidirectional light distribution
– something that LED manufacturers have
found difficult achieving without shadows or
rings being formed from the light. The new
Classic A lamp is perfect for floor lamps or wall
sconces where a very even and wide angled
light is necessary.
Soraa Announces
Simply Perfect™ PAR
and AR111 Lamps
Soraa, the world leader in GaN on GaN™
LED technology, announced a full range of
LED AR111, PAR30, and PAR38 lamps that
will be available to ship in late Q2. All Soraa
lamps feature 3-phosphor LEDs with violet
pump that enable benefits such as Point
Source Optics for beautiful, uniform beams
of high intensity,
Like all other Soraa lamps these new products
also feature 3-phosphor LEDs with violet pump
Violet 3-Phosphor (VP³) Natural White and
VP³ Full-spectrum Vivid Color, which reveal
the magic of whiteness and colors in every
environment. Now, Soraas Simply Perfect
Light is available in a portfolio of larger form
factors essential for retail, hospitality and
residential applications.
Soraa’s large lamp portfolio of AR111, PAR30
Long Neck (LN), PAR30 Short Neck (SN) and
PAR38 lamps achieve 1000 lumen output with
VP³ Natural White and VP³ Vivid Color
technology, defined by full-visible-spectrum,
high whiteness rendering, 95-CRI, and 95-R9.
The family of large lamps will be available in
25°, 36°, and 60° beam angles, and in a wide
range of color temperatures.
The AR111 is an important lamp for object
lighting, requiring narrow spots, crisp beam
edges, and no glare. With a peak intensity of
27,500 cd, Soraa’s 8° 95-CRI/95-R9 AR111 is
the only LED product that matches halogen
levels, The PAR30LN and PAR30SN lamps
offer the only 8° narrow spot option on the
market without active cooling, achieving a
center beam intensity of 28,250 cd.
PRODUCTSNEWS
INDUSTRY’S BROADEST PORTFOLIO OF INTEGRATED LED
ARRAYS: OPTIMIZED FOR ALL LIGHTING APPLICATIONS
Cree® CXA LED Arrays deliver high lumen output and efficacy in a family of single, easy-
to-use components. Optimized to simplify designs and lower system cost, they deliver
500 to over 18,000 lumens and are perfect for a wide range of lighting applications. Most
CXA LEDs have 6,000 hours of LM-80 data published and are able to support TM-21
reported L90 lifetime of over 4 years, even at 105°C. The CXA LED Arrays are also
available in 95-CRI options that push the boundaries of lighting-class performance with
unmatched light output and efficacy. Please visit www.cree.com/cxa to learn more.
XLampSales@cree.com
HONGLITRONIC Launches Flip-Chip Packaging
LEDs X-CHIP 2016 for Backlighting
Honglitronic’s new LED model “X-CHIP 2016, adopts advanced Flip-chip
packaging technologies, wide emitting angle, faster heat dissipation, compact
size and high lumen efficacy. The main range is 0.275±0.025/0.245±0.015,
max. lumen output reaches 210 lm.High power versions of 1 W and 3 W
LEDs with ultimate cost effectiveness, which reduces the package thickness
and can save almost 20% of backlight source costs.
BK-LED-1283
The lens from Bicom Optics is customized for high power LED-CREE-CXA1512.
The LED light by focusing effect can reach more than 92%. The angle can
reach 23.1 degree, and broke through the original angle of light source. In
addition to the outstanding optical performance and reliability designed into
this product, ease of assembly is also optimized. Locating pins ensure precise
alignment of the lens over the focal point of the LED light source.
This kind of lens is specially designed for the high power LED. www.bicomoptics.com
31
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
RESEARCH
NEWS
Phosphor-Free
White Light from
Nanopyramid LEDs
Researchers of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences’s institutes of Semiconductors and
Mechanics, and Tsinghua University have
used nitride semiconductor nanopyramid
structures to create LEDs with spectra that
are similar to those provided by ‘white light’
LEDs with yellow phosphors [Kui Wu et al, J.
Appl. Phys., vol115, p123101, 2014]. A similar
CAS/Tsinghua team previously reported such
devices, using a polystyrene nanosphere
mask to make holes for selective-area
growth of nanopyramids.
The light-emitting structures are grown on the
semi polar facets of the nanopyramid. Growth
in semi polar directions of the crystal structure
should avoid electric field polarization and
strain-dependent effects that make the
growth of high-indium-content indium gallium
nitride (InGaN) difficult. High-quality high-
indium InGaN is needed to achieve longer-
wavelength light emission for ‘white light’.
The n-GaN template consisted of a 2 μm
n-type layer on 2 μm undoped GaN buffer on
sapphire substrate. A mask layer of silicon
dioxide was deposited and patterned using a
hexagonal array of polystyrene nanospheres.
The photoresist patterning created 400 nm
diameter holes in a 900 nm periodic array.
The pattern was transferred to the silicon
dioxide by inductively coupled plasma
(ICP) etch.
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
(MOCVD) then proceeded to grow the nitride
semiconductor material on the exposed
n-GaN template. The initial growth was
1050°C n-GaN for 4 minutes to form
nanopyramids with {10-11} facets. Next, a
five-period InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well
(MQW) was grown (720-780°C), followed by a
13 minute 950°C p-GaN layer. The resulting
nanopyramids were about 600nm high.
The photoluminescence spectra of the
nanopyramids gave two peaks around
445nm (blue) and 550nm (yellow).
The balance of the peaks depended on the
MQW growth temperature. In particular,
the higher-temperature growth increases
the blue relative to the yellow peak.
The researchers attribute this to the
decomposition of the yellow-emitting regions,
which have higher indium content.
When grown at 780°C, the nanopyramid LEDs
exhibit a spectrum which is similar to phosphor
converted white LEDs using yellow phosphors.
Microscopic inspection of ectroluminescence
showed that the blue radiation comes from
the apex of the pyramids, while the yellow
radiation comes from the base region which
has higher indium content and wider, less
quantum-confined wells, leading to a smaller
energy gap.
The researchers admit that the nanopyramid
radiation is still weak:, but believe that the
brightness can be improved by optimizing the
growth parameters, including the size, aspect
ratio, and the structure of MQWs.
Conventional LED fabrication processes need
to be developed to cope with the rough
surface of the nanopyramid structures.
The researchers are working on device
structures and chip processes that will enable
detailed electroluminescence characterization
of nanopyramid LED structures.
On the basis of finite-difference time domain
(FDTD) simulations, the researchers believe
that the nanopyramid arrays have a light
extraction efficiency about four times higher
than for conventional planar MQWs that suffer
from a small escape cone at the air-GaN
interface. The simulations give an escape
cone as high as 85°, compared with less than
40° for planar structures.
New Technique
Makes LEDs Brighter,
More Resilient
Researchers from North Carolina State
University have developed a new processing
technique that makes LEDs brighter and more
resilient by coating the semiconductor
material Gallium Nitride (GaN) with a layer of
phosphorus-derived acid.
By coating polar gallium nitride with
phosphonic groups, the researchers increased
luminescence without increasing energy input
(Image Credits: Stewart Wilkins)
By coating polar GaN with a self-assembling
layer of phosphonic groups, it is possible to
increase luminescence without increasing
energy input. The phosphonic groups also
improve stability, making the GaN less likely to
degrade in solution. More stable GaN is more
viable for use in biomedical applications,
such as implantable sensors.
Left: Fabrication schematic for phosphor-free nanopyramid LEDs by nanospherical-lens
photolithography. Right: (a) Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of nanopyramid LEDs
with MQWs grown at different temperatures, along with reference structure grown on planar
template. (b) Spectrum of ‘white LED’ (blue LED with yellow phosphors). (c) Electroluminescence
spectrum of nanopyramid LEDs at 20mA; inset shows corresponding optical microphotograph
32
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
RESEARCHNEWS
WEBINARS
The researchers started with polar GaN,
composed of alternating layers of gallium and
nitrogen. To increase luminescence, they
etched the surface of the material with
phosphoric acid. At the same time, they
added phosphonic groups – organic
molecules containing phosphorus – that
self-assembled into a monolayer on the
surface of the material. This layer further
increased luminescence and improved the
stability of the GaN by making it less likely to
react chemically with its environment.
Thick-Shell Quantum
Dot Technology to
Increase Brightness
Quantum Materials Corporation and Los
Alamos National Laboratory’s announced
Quantum Materials optioning Thick-Shell
‘Giant’ Quantum Dot patented technology
with the potential of 10 to 100-fold
improvement in solid-state brightness over
conventional nanocrystal quantum dots (QD).
High brightness leads to efficient use of
materials and increased performance in
electronic displays and solid state lighting.
“Blinking” is a tendency of quantum dots
to flash off momentarily often noted as a
challenge for certain quantum dot
applications. LANL scientists also
discovered that thick-shelling quantum
dots dramatically reduces fluorescence
intermittency by better separating
absorption by the shell and emission by
the core, significantly suppressing blinking.
Quantum materials optioning Thick-Shell ‘Giant’
Quantum Dot patented technology promises
improvement in solid-state brightness over
conventional nanocrystal quantum dots (QD)
Commercial product lifetimes can be
increased in QD-LCD backplane displays,
solid state lighting films and projection
lighting because the thick-shell technology
has demonstrated the ability to extend the
service life of quantum dots exposed to
higher temperatures and/or high intensity
light. Further, non-blinking quantum dots
that can produce higher light output with
less heat generation will spur new product
development and optimized design.
LANL also achieved thick-shell “Giant” QD
near-infrared (NIR) emission for a major
advance affecting medical imaging
applications, optoelectronics, lasers,
telecommunication and solar photovoltaics.
For example, targeted cancer cells will be
easier to identify and track, and varied
absorption and emission ranges offer
tailored performance in electronics and
solar designs.
Quantum Materials plans to integrate the
LANL thick-shell technology into its
quantum dot product line. The Company’s
automated process is capable of
manufacturing industrial-scale quantities
while maintaining tight uniformity and makes
possible the reliable, economical production
of thick-shell tetrapod quantum dots having
the exact characteristics necessary for
specific applications.
Stephen B. Squires, Quantum Materials CEO
and Founder believes that the number of
quantum dot performance improvements
afforded by adding thick-shell technology to
their Tetrapod Quantum Dots will set them
significantly ahead of their competition.
The ability to manufacture uniform industrial-
scale quantities of quantum dots engineered
for optimal application-specific performance
parameters will expedite acceptance of
these new technologies by display and
lighting manufacturers.
Combining LANL thick-shelling abilities with
QMC’s tetrapod quantum dots’ properties of
high uniformity, and narrow emission (higher
color purity) is expected to be revolutionary
in affecting quantum dot lifetime, quality
of performance, enhancing of stability,
and color rendering.
Whats Next for Mid-Power LEDs in Lighting Applications
MP LEDs are uniquely suited for linear and distributed lighting applications such as LED
tube lighting and troffers. MP LEDs are now gaining popularity for deployment in other
lighting applications with specific needs which can be met when designed with the end
application in mind. An example would be a high efficacy MP LED with good quality of light
(min 90 CRI) for use in retail shops. K. Lee, M. Chang and D. Kane from Philips Lumileds
will take a close look at MP LEDs, the factors that have led to their use in lighting applications
and what we can expect in terms of their proposition and usage in the future.
To view the webinar, register at www.led-professional.com/webinar-1
LED Luminaire Design: Optimization and Analysis
Beginning with an LED model built in SolidWorks, you will learn how to import the model
using the TracePro Bridge for SolidWorks, set up the model in TracePro including the LED
sources and an optimized reflector design, and see how the optimizer can be used to
select the best diffuser from a catalog of properties to meet illumination and uniformity
goals. You will also get a first-hand look at how to use the tools in TracePro to visualize and
analyze the results including use of an IES file and the IES/LDT Analysis Utility.
To view the webinar, register at www.led-professional.com/webinar-2
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
34
MARTINA PAUL
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
Tech-Talks BREGENZ:
Martina Paul,
General Secretary, CIE
Martina Paul
Martina Paul is general secretary
of the International Commission on
Illumination (since 2007) and Managing
Director of the CIE Scientific Services GmbH
(since 2009). She has vast experience
as senior manager in international
organizations, including eight years as
Deputy Secretary General of HOPE'87,
an NPO in operational relationship to
UNESCO. Ms. Paul’s main expertise
and focus lie on change and
stakeholder management
in a global context.
She holds a Master’s
degree from the University
of Economics and
Business in
Vienna.
35
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
LED professional: First of all, wed like
to say thank you for talking to us about
the latest trends in the area of
solid-state-lighting within the scope of
the Tech-Talks BREGENZ. To begin,
could you tell us a little about the
history of the CIE and what your duties
are as General Secretary?
Martina Paul: The CIE is actually a
very old organization. Its predecessor
was founded on the occasion of the
World Expo in Paris in the year 1900.
The gas industry called about 500
engineers and scientists together to
standardize the photometric properties
of street lamps. At that time,
street lamps were run on gas. At the
beginning, the CIE was called the
Commission de Photometrie and then
in 1913 it changed its name to
Commission Internationale de
l’Eclairage or the International
Commission on Illumination in English.
Through disrupting technologies like
solid-state lighting and regulatory
interventions to promote energy
efficiency, the stakeholders have also
changed. There are new groups of
stakeholders which did not have
anything to do with lighting in the past,
such as the semiconductor industry.
I personally come from the area of
organizational development and
change management. I have always
worked in international organizations
within very complex environments.
My main competence lies in being
able to reduce complexities and to
find solutions for complex problems
for various players on a global
context. Light is a very challenging
subject and at the same time,
inspiring, especially when leading
this organization as its CEO through
the technological changes.
LED professional: Can you tell us a
little bit more about the organizational
structure of CIE?
Martina Paul: The CIE not only covers
the subjects of light and lighting, light
quality and measurement and the
description thereof, the metrics,
but color is also a key topic. One of the
first crucial standards that the CIE
published was in 1931: the so-called
color matching functions, which was
the basis for how the human eye sees
color. The CIE has a very broad
spectrum that has expanded to the
areas of photobiology, photochemistry
as well as image technologies. Like all
standardization and scientific
organizations, the CIE is based on
national committees. Right now there
are 51 committees from all over the
world. These committees must
organize the stakeholders that work
with light and lighting in their respective
countries. It happens quite often that
the CIE committees are consolidated
on a national level and are identical to
the national lighting organizations.
We still differentiate between national
full members and industrial, supportive
members who, together, finance
the CIE. The direct work is done in
so-called Technical Committees
which are part of the divisions.
LED professional: You mentioned
scientific work – which is the basis for
every regulation. Is the scientific work
carried out in Technical Committees
or is it “out-sourced”?
Martina Paul: Since the laboratories
are CIE members, it is actually the
same. We are currently working on
defining a new Color Fidelity Index.
Division 1 is responsible for color and
perception. Right now we are at the
point where a lot of experiments are
carried out. Ten laboratories from all
over the world have joined together in
order to be able to carry out the final
experiments. Once the experiments
have been evaluated, they will be
published by CIE as a technical report.
The scientific work is carried out in the
laboratories and the evaluation and
publication is carried out through CIE.
The transition from a technical report
to a standard is done through formal
polling steps. Most of the time, the
technical report is the groundwork that
is sent to the national committee to be
commented on. It sometimes takes
months of negotiations to integrate all
of the changes asked for by the
interest groups.
LED professional: Who decides
which technical reports become
standards, and how are the technical
reports evaluated as suitable?
Martina Paul: Technical reports
present the underpinning science
and evidence, the groundwork, and
might suggest the basis of a standard
on that evidence. In the past, technical
reports would be assessed within the
community while a resulting standard
was being formulated. Today the pace
of change is so swift that this method
is challenged and we have something
of a conflict between scientific certainty
and the speed of changing technology
and demand for new standards.
LED professional: Light is often
perceived subjectively or culturally and
has cultural preferences. If you want to
make something into a standard,
should you take these different aspects
into account? For example, light color
has very different traditions. How do
you find a common denominator so
that a general regulation, norm or
standard can be created?
With the rise of LEDs as the future lighting technology, the relatively stable lighting
industry faces many changes and challenges. One of the main challenges is the ever
increasing speed of transitions, something already seen in the semiconductor business.
Standardization organizations are facing similar challenges. On the one hand they should
define standards that will last as long as possible and on the other hand the standards
need to be as clear and precise as possible. Martina Paul, Secretary General of the most
important standardization body, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) was
invited to the Tech-Talks BREGENZ to discuss these topics.
MARTINA PAUL
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
36
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Martina Paul: Some things cannot
be made into a norm. A guideline
consensus is needed to know what
should be normed and what shouldn’t.
There are also norms that are only
valid in, for example, Europe, the USA
or China. And it should stay like that.
Not everything is suitable for
international standardization. It is
necessary to have guidelines for global
standardization and the CIE only works
on global standardization tasks.
LED professional: Besides the CIE
standards there are also the ISO
standards. Can you explain the
synergies and differences between
what the CIE and the ISO do?
Martina Paul: The International
Organization for Standardization or ISO
is an affiliation of national standardization
organizations like the DIN in Germany
or the ANSI in the USA and is made up
of over 200 member organizations.
The CIE was officially recognized
by the ISO as an international
standardization organization in 1986.
Out of four organizations worldwide that
have this status, the CIE was the first
one to receive it. This status means that
the CIE has the right to draft standards
and position them with ISO.
LED professional: To what extent are
the ISO technical committees involved
in the development procedures of the
CIE standards?
Martina Paul: Up until now,
the CIE has made all of the basic and
fundamental standards including the
application-oriented standards.
A disadvantage of the CIE is that it
is only partly connected to national
standardization bodies, namely only
where there are national CIE
organizations who are connected.
The ISO technical committee was
founded in order to increase the
intake of new standards into the
national standards inventories.
An agreement was made that the ISO
committee would run complementarily
to the CIE which means that the
scientific part and the fundamental and
basics in the domain would remain
with the CIE.
An example would be the current
topic of “Energy Performance of
Buildings”. The way basic metrics like
daytime light parameters is described
is very important. There is a work
group in the ISO technical committee
that also works with the CIE and the
balloting process runs directly through
the involvement of the national
standardization organizations.
In this way the organization path has
been changed but at the same time it
has been made more transparent
and sustainable.
LED professional: Could you tell us a
little more about your job as General
Secretary of the CIE and what the
current tasks in the ISO TC are?
Martina Paul: I have been the General
Secretary at the CIE for 7 years now.
My job, together with the President,
is to represent the CIE to the public.
The General Secretary is the only paid
political function. All of the other
people do their work on a voluntary
basis in addition to their day jobs.
Most of them have a certain amount
of time allocated to them by their
employers for the standardization
and/or scientific work for international
organizations. But in the end,
it is volunteer work. The DIN is a driving
force behind the ISO committee and
holds the administrative office, which in
turn means that they hold the right to
suggest who will be the chairperson.
This means that since I am the General
Secretary of CIE I was appointted by
DIN. My duties are not technical in
nature but rather our task as chair-
people is to create a consensus and
to make sure that there are properly
agreed, consensus-based documents
that can be adopted.
LED professional: Apart from the
interesting organizational topic,
let’s take a look at the contents.
What changes has solid-state-lighting
brought to the CIE and what topics
are classed as important and have
been addressed?
Martina Paul: Naturally, LED and
OLED technologies can be labeled as
disruptive technologies. The original
light sources manufacturers are not the
same ones that produce LEDs or
semiconductors. Industries that we
had no contact with at all in the past
have suddenly become important
players in this market and these
players don’t have a lot of experience
with light. Because of this, a brand new
value chain has developed and the
market is still not completely
reassessed. Coordination of the
stakeholders has been an important
task in the recent past and this phase
is pretty much completed as far as
I can see.
Content wise, a lot of changes have
had to be made. Certain fundamentals
have been written in stone and don’t
have anything to do with light sources.
Some things like the area of
colometrics only changes a little.
But the LED has other photometric
characteristics with various colors and/
or spectrums and is a point light
source. The human eye perceives the
color of the LED light source differently
than it does with a traditional light
source. This means that the traditional
color and glare metrics aren’t 100%
correct any more. There is a technical
committee – Division 3 – that is
working on the subject of “New
Evaluation of Glare from LEDs”.
LED professional: Will this new
knowledge be added to the standards
or will the standards be “updated”?
Can you give us an example of what
subjects currently have a high profile?
Martina Paul: The standards in
question are being reviewed and might
be updated if so requested. There is a
technical committee that is concerned
with the subject of OLEDs and we are
already working on this technology.
Division 2 – Photometry – will also start
concentrating more on the subject
of OLEDs.
We have also published a new report –
Nr. 206 – titled “The Effect of Spectral
Power Distribution on Lighting for
Urban and Pedestrian Areas”.
This report shows that the human eye
perceives light from certain LEDs as
brighter than traditional light sources,
which means it can be dimmed and
energy is saved. The boundaries are
naturally the deciding factor and this is
where measurement is relevant.
MARTINA PAUL
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
These are the areas where classic
metrics don’t work anymore and
new metrics are necessary.
LED professional: How long
do you think it will take for the
reprocessing of the content
process of change and the
subject of SSL? Can it be
estimated?
Martina Paul: There are
discussions going on right
now and I will be holding a
workshop on the subject of
“Standardization and the Art of
Imperfection” soon. This means
that we should consider
standardization more as a work
in progress. Perhaps it would be
a good idea if we agreed on one
terminology that simply means
that right now the descriptions
are snapshots and that work will
continue. This is why I don’t feel I
can commit to a time. My theory
is that standardization as
conventions should be seen
differently today, namely as
snapshots for a time period of at
least three years. It should be
clear in the standard where there
is room for development.
You asked before about how we
present flexibility. This is the
exact challenge that we have,
where we quote bandwidths or
where we have to put certain
areas “under construction”.
We have to define it in terms of
scientific organization where we
make it easy to identify and
define knowledge and
unawareness. One has to
abandon the definition of the
forever-valid standards or
scientific findings. This change
process that we are now going
through is an interaction of
technological changes through
SSL and globalization and the
new orientation of the market
structures in general.
LED professional: We see the
changes in perception just as
you have described. What other
aspects are there due to or
through the initiation of SSL
technologies?
Martina Paul: The main thing is
measurement techniques and the
measurement of LEDs because
they have other characteristics
and are also different in regards
to spectral characteristics.
In addition, metrology has
changed and as a result the
concept of measurement
uncertainty is a concept that is
worked with more and more.
Both private and state labs are,
in many cases, not sure as to
what measurement uncertainty
means. In the last LED
professional Review you had an
article by two CIE experts about
that. Marketing observation is
carried out by being able to
compare products and this is
achieved by being able to
compare measurement methods.
The CIE is now working on a
measurement standard and we
have come quite a long way with it.
The draft for a measurement
standard is already being polled.
Just as an aside, I’d like to tell you
the difference between regulators
and standardizers. The CIE
doesn’t make regulations, but
rather, standards. Standards are
voluntary whereby regulations are
mandatory and are stipulated by
the lawmakers. Of course,
the state can link certain
standards to market initiation but
the standards are not legal
regulations. The International
Energy Agency (IEA) is a classic
regulator agency that is manned
by governments. It has its own
Annex 4E that concerns itself with
testing and test methods.
The CIE has an agreement with
the IEA, namely that the
regulators will promote and
implement CIE measurement
standards.
LED professional: How far
along is the standardization of
the Color Fidelity Index?
Martina Paul: Color rendering
has to be newly defined because
LEDs have different spectral
characteristics. For this reason,
Division 1 is very busy developing
this CFI because the CRI
MARTINA PAUL
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
38
developed by the CIE is no longer
applicable in some cases.
As I mentioned earlier, we are in the
last measurement round; measuring
samples and evaluating the results.
This experimental round is being
managed by a Japanese university
professor. The CFI is the most
important and most needed new
definition in the industry. We surveyed
all of the divisions and found out what
they think are the necessary standards
and which technology reports are
necessary and then passed on the
results to the industry. It turned out
that internal and external ideas were
congruent, which I, as General
Secretary, find as a good sign.
Through this there is a type of
prioritization and standardization plan.
CFI is at the very top of that list.
We estimate that it will take another
one and half to two years before
the CFI becomes a standard.
LED professional: Today LEDs can
be run on a pulsed mode or digital
information is conveyed through the
light. Because of this there are
sometimes totally dark phases in the
light, which leads to the question of
how this will affect humans. Is this
also part of the CIE’s range of duties?
Martina Paul: Visual aspects of
time-modulated lighting systems are
presently discussed in TC1-83 and
a report will soon be published.
In addition there might be non-visual
effects of modulated lights and this
subject has been placed with
Division 6 – Photobiology.
This division is also working on
the question of how blue lights
affect people. Very complicated and
elaborate studies are necessary for
Division 1 and Division 6 because
people have to be involved as
test subjects.
LED professional: You are also
chairperson of the ISO TC 274. Can
you give us some insight into the
goals and tasks of this TC?
Martina Paul: The TC 274 is a
technical committee of ISO and is in
the initialization phase. This TC will,
for the most part, cover the application
specific part of the norms. The idea is
that, next to the basic fundamental
standards, there will be additional
standards for the application in specific
lighting situations like interior lighting,
exterior lighting, road lighting, tunnel
lighting and so on. These will be
worked on by the TC 274.
LED professional: Let’s take a look
at current trends in the area of energy
saving. What is the CIE’s position in
the areas of Smart Lighting or the use
of day lighting?
Martina Paul: The subject of day
lighting is, of course, very important
and is being worked on by the CIE.
As a basis there is, for example,
the sky definition, the day light
definition like the CIE “General Sky”
which is an international CIE standard.
This subject has come to the forefront
MARTINA PAUL
TECH-TALKS BREGENZ
Martina Paul again through the “Energy Performance
of Buildings”. The subject of Smart
Lighting, where it concerns the product
standards in the area of electronics,
is covered by the IEC. To differentiate,
it must be clarified that the CIE
concentrates on the application and
fundamentals whereby the IEC
concentrates on the parameters and
safety, etc. of real products. There is
the famous safety norm: IEC 62471.
Photobiological Safety of Lamps.
This document was initially a CIE Norm –
Standard 009 that is now a joint
standard of both organizations.
LED professional: You need a
connection to real life – the industry –
to do your work. How do you make
these connections?
Martina Paul: The Global Lighting
Association (GLA) was originally
called the Global Lighting Forum and
covered the national/regional lighting
associations globally. Over the years,
association structures were created
and commitments were formed and
now it is the GLA with its headquarters
in Brussels. The GLA is associated
with LightingEurope, the new
organization structure in Europe,
and can be understood as the voice
of the international lighting industry.
The CIE and GLA signed a
Memorandum of Understanding
last year. This cooperation is
sustainable, efficient and built on
a broad foundation.
LED professional: Thank you for
participating in the Tech-Talks
BREGENZ. To close, what is the CIE
planning for the Year of Light 2015?
Martina Paul: The UNO General
Assembly has declared 2015 to be a
worldwide Year of Light. The CIE plans
to have a global Open Lab Day that
should take place in May 2015 and our
51 National Committees which span
all continents will contribute with a
variety of events.
I’m looking forward to coming back to
Bregenz for the LpS 2014 at the end of
September. Thank you.
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
40
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Light + Building Review:
Trends, Innovations and
Technological Tidbits
The worlds largest bi-annual lighting exhibition can be summarized with the words “Its all LED.
But LEDs themselves were not the only things there. There were OLEDs and smart controls as well.
The out-and-out explosion of LED products and LED-related products makes it impossible to cover
everything even if focusing on the component level. Based on a vast amount of impressions,
Arno Grabher-Meyer from LED professional selected some of the highlights to illustrate the latest trends.
Light + Building 2014 (L+B 2014)
not only set a new exhibitor and
exhibition space record with
2,458 exhibitors, but also
announced a new attendance
record with over 210,000 visitors
from 161 countries. Traditionally,
the best represented visitor
nations after Germany were Italy,
the Netherlands, France, China
and Austria. There were also
significant increases from
numerous expanding markets,
such as Russia, South Africa,
Mexico, Turkey and Indonesia.
Particularly striking was the return
of visitors from Southern Europe
with high double-digit rates of
growth characterizing visitor
numbers not only from Spain and
Portugal but also Greece. While
the spotlight on energy efficiency
and intelligent building
management anticipated a
foreseeable trend some other
trends in the lighting area were
probably less obvious but
certainly not less important.
LED Light Sources –
Applicability, Quality &
Integration
Those that expected the speed of
LED efficiency improvements to
approach the physical limits and slow
down were completely wrong. Most
manufacturers quietly stated that the
practical value of efficiency increases
in regards to energy savings may not
be as important as it was one or two
years ago. This was due to the simple
fact that in 2012 an increase of 20 lm/W
meant an increase of 20% to 30%.
Today, in many cases it is only
10% to 15%. In 2012 the latest, best
publicized and demonstrated
components offered 80 to 120 lm/W
while today some products are
proclaimed to offer up to 200 lm/W
both in hot systems and system levels.
When comparing incandescent lamps
to LEDs in 2012, the energy saving
potential was approximately 80%.
In 2014 it is close to 90%. An increase
of only 10% may not seem like much
when regarding energy cost savings,
but this increase means that efficacy
has doubled, and LED manufacturers
have emphasized that while being a
good marketing argument, there is
still much more. It is true value for
packagers, module and luminaire
manufacturers. Every single lumen per
watt efficacy gain eases design
options, reduces heat issues and in
the end, lowers manufacturing costs.
For this reason it seemed that every
LED manufacturer at L+B advertised
efficacy improvements for their LEDs.
For example, Cree announced a new
lab record of 303 lm/W just before
Light + Building, and Osram
demonstrated the world’s most
efficient LED replacement tube
prototype with a system efficiency
of 205 lm/W that could become
available by the end of next year.
As a result of this rapid development,
a general trend of the tier one LED
manufacturers followed. The increased
efficiency allows for tighter packaging
of LEDs without sacrificing thermal
properties too much. They introduced
so-called high lumen density array
LEDs of different dimensions. This
trend more or less picked up pace last
autumn at the LpS 2013 with the
introduction of Crees CXA1520 LED.
It culminated at this year’s Light +
Building with an extension of Cree’s
product range, the introduction of
Osram’s Soleriq P 9 and products
from Samsung, Sharp, Xicato,
Luminus, Bridgelux, Lumileds or
Lextar, just to name a few.
These efficacy improvements lead
towards more cost effective Mid
Power LEDs and a tendency towards
Low Power LEDs. In addition to
41
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
improved packaging technologies that
reduce the packaging costs,
the implementation of these products
in different applications is now an
affordable solution. Especially for area
lighting, products based on these LED
types may simplify the optical design
to reduce glare. How intense a
company exercises this trend is
definitely a question of their strategy.
LG Innotek even added primary micro
optics with batwing distribution to the
tiny 3030 package to support area
lighting better. This new LED allows
sleeker luminaire design with fewer
LEDs per module and increased
overall efficiency at lower costs and
maintained emission uniformity
compared to standard LEDs without
optics. Mass production of the
3030IOL is expected in October
of this year.
Minimized or no packaging is
another trend. Improvements of
manufacturers of flip-chip technology
and phosphor molding processes
led to the introduction of LEDs with
well-reduced package dimensions as
well as package-free or substrate-free
(white) LEDs. Manufacturers like
Samsung, Toshiba, Lextar, ProLight
Opto and TSMC demonstrated
increasingly smaller package sizes
on the mid-power and high power LED
level while providing sufficient current
capability and luminous flux. In this
category, Toshibas GaN-on-Si based
LEDs are the industry’s smallest white
mid power LEDs. With a package size
of just 0.65 x 0.65 mm, they achieve a
luminous efficacy of 130 lm/W and
superior heat dissipation that allows
them to be driven with a forward
current up to 180 mA.
Not really new, but something that is
continuously increasing, is the trend
of offering CCT and color tunable
LED packages. The strategies and
philosophies of the different
companies vary between following
the Planckian locus accurate using
at least 3 different LEDs or simply
shifting power between two LED
types of different CCT. This trend is
heavily supported by another very
recent development that will be
discussed as an example in a
related application.
Figure 1:
Philips Lumileds’
Luxeon M is one
example of the
industry’s “high
flux” LEDs that
allow tight beam
control
Figure 2:
TSMC’s package-
free flip-chip LEDs
on a CoB module
Figure 3:
Sharp counts on
simplification
of the color
tunable approach,
combining two
different CCTs in
one product, like
here in the Tiger
Zenigata
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
42
There was an article in the LED
professional Review (LpR 40) -
entitled “HD-Retina LED Technology,
Light Quality Beyond CRI” -
This topic was found everywhere at
the L+B show. Almost every LED
manufacturer presented a series or
type of LED with very similar
properties. By setting the color to a
certain point below the Planckian
locus, the typical yellowish-green tint
of white objects that are illuminated
by phosphor converted white LEDs
was eliminated. A thoroughly mixed
phosphor composition allows
saturated colors and neutral, pure
white at the same time. Philips calls
this technology “Crisp” white LED
technology, Xicato the “Vibrant”
series, and Citizen calls it simply
“Below Black Body Locus” (BBBL),
while other companies have their
own fancy names for these products.
Some of them even do not define a
CCT value. Bridgelux also offers
similar products to their clients, for
instance for the HD-Retina lights.
It is hardly surprising that module
manufacturers, like Tridonic with
their “FASHION” module series or
“Tunable White” LLE series, follow
the same trends with very similar
approaches regarding CCT, CRI,
color tuning or lumen density.
But module manufacturers also
utilized their design freedom to show
additional concepts, initiating trends.
Approaches for simplifying
manufacturing and adding features
and electronics were the most
interesting ones. But there were also
attempts and different interpretations
of the Zhaga standards that were
meant to satisfy the specification of
the standard while adding additional
features like mounting options.
BJB not only demonstrated their
robotic lines for manufacturing
luminaires, they also had their own
newly designed socketed module on
display that simplifies mounting and
is available in a DC and AC version.
Bridgelux also launched another
product in the module business.
Following the introduction of their
Vero in 2012, they presented the
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Figure 4:
Either CoB LEDs
or modules
with improved
white renedering
capabilities were
demonstrated
from most
manufacturers;
here from Prolight
Opto
Figure 5:
More specific
modules, like
Bridgelux’s OLM
for street lighting,
aim to make
manufacturing
easier by reducing
design effort and
time to market
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Outdoor Lighting Module (OLM)
Series this year. Different power
ratings with related efficacy and
different photometric properties
were designed to satisfy different
applications and requirements.
Bridgelux aims to help luminaire
manufacturers by reducing time to
market, R&D costs, time saving
manufacturing and the elimination
of some technical uncertainties.
Xicato started a true offensive of
product announcements
immediately before Light + Building.
Two product announcements
followed the general trend of
increasing lumen density and
efficiency. With the introduction of
the XTM series, Xicato now offers
Zhaga compatibility if required.
But the most advanced and most
interesting new product is their XIM
series. The concept allows Xicato
to follow the different demands of
their customers to implement
sensors and other features while
providing similar photometric
properties like all other Xicato
modules of the standard and
vibrant series. They are currently
offering a basic set of surveillance
and controls options for the module
using their own integrated μC
based driver. A cost effective simple
48 V AC/DC power supply can
power numerous modules which
can be controlled using DALI or
1-10 V dimming. That simplifies
system design and lowers costs.
The concept allows a clear control
of all parameters to determine
lifetime and integrate full electrical
and temperature protection.
The vision of the developers for
future product generations is to
eliminate multiple visible sensors in
a space and to integrate all of them
in the module that shares the
gained information with other
building automation and
surveillance systems. This visionary
approach anticipates the
predictions of the “Lighting Controls
Report” which is also part of this
LpR issue. Beyond these properties
the product was very impressive
with its smooth flicker-free low level
dimming to 0.1%.
Figure 6:
Sophisticated
design and
improved
efficiency allow
for integration of
drivers, antennas,
transmitters and
other features
into LED modules.
Xicato’s CTO,
Gerard Harbers,
presents the
monitoring
features of their
new XIM series
Figure 7:
Xicato’s new
XIM module
impressively
demonstrates
smooth and
flicker-free
dimming down
to 0.1%
Figure 8:
Another example
for improved
implementation
of drivers and
control features
is LED Engin’s
LuxiTune module,
featurung perfect
color tuning
capabilities in a
small footprint
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
44
Drivers, Controls & Sensors –
Wireless and Intelligence
For years now, different catchphrases
have been around and different
concepts have been presented on
the market, from LiFi to power line
and wireless. For this reason,
people were hoping for new trials.
When observing the activities of
The Connected Lighting Alliance
establishing the ZigBee Light Link for
the residential market, one was
hoping to see a matured wireless
solution or two. The big surprise was
that expectations were exceeded!
This can only mean that developments
had already started before TCLA
started to promote it to the public.
There were also other wireless
systems on display. EnOcean
introduced a 2.4 GHz-based system
that can remotely control the
Philips hue which is the model
for ZigBee LightLink systems.
Actually, practically every system
provider had some kind of wireless
solution that can be controlled with
an app on smartphones and tablets.
But it isn’t only the lighting system
providers that are players in that field;
IT and software specialists also offer
solutions. Currently, the origin of an
app is still relatively easy to determine.
While IT specialists offer apps with
a better look and feel, lighting
specialists often have more
unemotional but very functional
user interfaces.
Integrated intelligence is another
surprisingly wide spread topic that
was covered by several companies.
Co-exhibiting with Vossloh-Schwabe,
a small Austrian company, Illumination
Network Systems, demonstrated a
highly integrated digital active IR
sensor that precisely detects
presence and activities. The system
allows accurate spatial association
and the performance of an adequate
system action.
Philips demonstrated an even more
accurate indoor positioning system
using LED lights and a signal coming
from the lights that is picked up by a
smartphone. This visual light
communications (VLC) system works
with a unique identification code
implemented into each lamp during
manufacturing. The lights transmit
continuously on a set frequency
invisible to the human eye. To work
properly, the mobile device camera
needs to be active and the app
calculates the position based on a
triangulation of the lights. The phone
therefore has to be able to “see” the
lights in order for the VLC to work.
This system is therefore mainly
intended for retail shops and
similar applications.
Another nice controls idea that showed
where the future of controls might lie
was presented by Artemide with the
hand gesture controlled design
luminaire Scrittura, designed by
Carlotta de Bevilacqua and Laura
Pessoni. While gesture control is
already an option for different TVs and
therefore not completely new, it is quite
a progressive approach for a luminaire
manufacturer, going one step further
than the current smartphone or mobile
device based controls concepts.
Figure 9:
Another hot
topic was human
centric lighting
which is mainly
an issue of
controls. Here is a
demonstration by
Vossloh Schwabe
Figure 10:
Philips promotes
its hue as the
model for human
centric lighting at
every exhibition.
The key to its
capabilities lies
in the controls in
combination with
its wireless ability
Figure 11:
Philips showed
another controls
concept with its
connected retail
lighting system.
If the system finds
wide-ranging
acceptance, who
knows what the
future will bring
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Optics – Silicone, Glass,
and Complex Shapes
Most optics manufacturers and optical
materials providers were working hard
on improvements in product details.
There were three remarkable findings
when looking for optical solutions.
Some major optics manufacturers
extended their activities in providing
silicone based products. While PMMA
or PC products are mainstream for
standard applications, silicones are
competitive alternatives when it comes
to bigger lenses and some more
complex optical requirements. The
unique property of silicone being
processed without shrinking and
maintaining elasticity allows special
designs with undercut shapes. This
means unique optical and mechanical
properties can be offered that allow
simplified assembling. In addition, the
well-known sealing properties can
offer an easy solution to better
IP-ratings. Some of the manufacturers
that demonstrated novel silicone based
optics were Khatod, Carclo and Ledil.
Another, more general observation in
the field of optics was that it is more
and more a mix of different
technologies that are used to come to
an optical solution. The variations are
almost unlimited. Reflectors are
combined with a dedicated lens, or a
lens combines refractive elements as
well as totally internal reflection (TIR)
and reflective coatings in one piece in
addition to the no longer uncommon
combinations of separate elements of
different technology.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Figure 12 (left):
Elastic silicone
optics with
undercut shapes
allow simplified
assembling
Figure 13 (right):
Optics that
are based on a
mix of different
technologies (TIR,
refraction and
reflection)
Figures 14 & 15:
Zoom optics made
of glass - like this
one from B&M
Optik - show
astounding good
efficiency and
light distribution
properties at
narrow and wide
angles
Figure 16:
The improvement
of LED properties -
especially LES -
supports the
revival of glass
optics, at least for
demanding design
and pleasant
appearance and
exclusive haptic
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
46
The most remarkable finding
regarding optics is the revival of glass
optics. It seems that a critical limit has
been overcome and the manufacturers
of traditional glass optics are seeing
sales figures that allow the profitable
application of technologies for mass
production. As a result, the same
haptics and appearance for optics
can now be applied to LED technology
at the same reasonable price as was
possible with incandescent, halogen
or HID lights. The companies are
positive that for some types of optics,
they can provide solutions at the
same or even lower price target
than PC or PMMA lenses.
The product range of these companies
now covers a broad range of different
optics like high bay lamps, streetlights
or dichroic reflectors for ambient
residential or hospitality applications.
The best known exhibitors of glass
optics were B&M Optics, Stumpe Glas,
Gaggione and Auer Lighting.
Supplementary Products &
Materials – Diversification
and Adaptation for SSL
Dispersed throughout the whole
exhibition area were a huge and hardly
manageable number of manufacturers
that offered products from housings to
clamps, connectors, plastics, silicones
and optical materials or thermal
management products.
For many of these companies SSL
products count for a fraction of their
business. For all these groups, though,
it is a fact that over the past few years
LED lighting has become an important
fraction. This has encouraged them to
develop more products especially or
optimized for SSL.
The following companies are just an
example of those that displayed their
products:
Connector specialists like Molex and
WAGO introduced new terminal blocks
for small LED modules while Ideal
Industries extended their Chip-Lok
array holders with a compact low
profile version. In addition to the above
mentioned products, BJB
demonstrated two connector systems
for OLEDs; one for back-side powered
and one for side powered modules.
Some of the most renowned raw
material specialists for silicones like
Bayer Material Science and Dow
Corning were on stage at Light +
Building with new products especially
adapted for SSL requirements for
better manufacturability. At the same
time, Albis Plastic showcased thermally
conductive plastics.
Some thermal management solution
providers co-exhibited with one of their
clients. An example is MechaTronix
who introduced a new series of small
but powerful passive coolers at the
Edison Opto booth. Bergquist and
Fischer Elektronik exhibited alone and
introduced a new series of round
cellular heat sinks.
Figure 17 (left):
WAGO’s newly
designed terminal
blocks better
support SSL
requirements
Figure 18 (right):
New silicones,
like the ones from
Dow Corning
with dispersed
phosphors
allow new
optical solutions
for special
applications
Figures 19 & 20:
Mounting clips
that ease module
assembly without
compromise (left)
and robots for
fully automated
assembly lines
(right) were among
others presented
from BJB
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Lamps, Luminaires
& Systems – Design,
Intelligence and Controls
Today the evolution of LEDs and LED
modules allow design solutions and
concepts for luminaires that were
barely practicable or functional one or
two years ago. In comparison, this is
true for lamps and system solutions
as well. They are all supported by the
controls technology. Wireless
solutions using smart devices and
even gesture controls as well as the
digitalization of driver systems utilize
affordable remote controlled multi-
channel solutions. Dimming for this
type of system is a basic task now.
The doors are wide open for the next
evolutionary step to become
mainstream, color and CCT tunable
light. What started with the Philips hue
approximately one year ago is
continued in products from Samsung
and LG Innotek. It is certain that other
companies will follow.
While the free color tuning option adds
a certain complexity to the system that
requires some understanding from the
user, there is the simpler and, in many
cases, satisfactory approach of
luminous flux dependent CCT that was
already demonstrated by Philips in
2012. This mimics the behavior of
dimming incandescent or halogen
lamps, something that especially
addresses the habits and requirements
of users in the western hemisphere.
Supported by improved and
sophisticated controls technology,
Zumtobel demonstrated their new
office light, Sequence, an optimal
combination of direct and indirect
lighting modules that can be
individually controlled. The individual
modules are grouped together in three
logical sets, each consisting of 4 outer
modules and 6 inner modules,
whereby each group has its own DALI
address. The electronic control system
ensures gentle transitions between
modules, despite the fact that there are
only four addresses for 14 modules.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Figure 21 (left):
Philips
demonstration
of the hue as a
human centric
lamp
Figure 22 (right):
Ingo Maurer’s
interpretation of
how to use the
Cooledge Light
Sheet
Figure 23 (left):
Osram design
object
Figure 24 (right):
Lextar luminaire
concept with
indirect color
changing
illumination and
direct white
light; Inset
shows indirect
illumination
elements
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Besides the trends primarily introduced
by controls, there were also some
remarkable design objects on display.
While a comprehensive report would
blow this article out of all proportions,
two examples will illustrate the
creativity of the designers. Isagani
Vengco, Senior Designer at Ingo
Maurer used the unique properties and
possibilities of the Cooledge Light
Sheet, which made its official
European debut, for his interpretation
of a flexible light. The reduction to
almost nothing but the Light Sheet is
the consequent result of the well-
recognized minimalistic style of the
Ingo Maurer team. The question “is it a
luminaire or is it a module” arises, and
the answer may be: “It is light. A more
architectural approach runs like a
continuous thread through all the
lighting objects from the architect
Georg Bechter. He uses the
advantages of LED modules and lamps
to make the luminaires made of plaster
an integrated part of the building.
He calls that “The magic of
disappearance”.
Testing – Improving
Handling, Speed &
Accuracy
Often regarded as unspectacular and
sometimes as a necessary evil, the
measurement branch became more
visible with the introduction of LEDs.
However, the tools and innovations
were often not really exciting. Light +
Building 2014 may have changed this.
Well, it still might not be striking but at
least the image of a wallflower may
shrink when looking at the latest
developments. GL Optic, for example
showed new APIs that allow the use of
iOS based Apple devices to be used to
control measurement tools and to
process measurement data. Wireless
connection between the measurement
head and the control device via
Bluetooth makes handling in field
applications more convenient.
A goniophotometer with advanced
measurement algorithms allows
continuous measurement to improve
speed without sacrificing
measurement accuracy. opsira
showed this technology with their
updated robogonio.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
Figure 25:
Zumtobel’s
“Sequence”
is a result of
innovative
controls design
in combination
with an elaborate
optical concept
Figure 26:
Soraa’s products
distinguish
themselves from
other replacement
lamps by using
GaN-on-GaN
produced LEDs
for their violet
pumped tri-
phosphor white
concept
Figure 27:
Incandescent
lamp filament
mimicking
designs, that were
already presented
at last year’s LED
Lighting Taiwan,
were now an
omnipresent
feature of at least
one replacement
lamp series
of numerous
manufacturers like
vosla
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LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
EVENTS
OLEDs – Color Tuning,
Flexible or Transparent
Since the first OLEDs were launched
parallel to LED lights at Light +
Building, it looked like progress had
slowed down. This year’s exhibition
proved this idea to be wrong or at least
to be a thing of the past. OLEDs are
catching up quickly and the roadmaps
of some manufacturers show
ambitious but promising forecasts. The
debate about whether LEDs or OLEDs
are the true future in lighting is
pointless. The characteristics of these
two technologies cannot be compared.
Even when approaching the same
lighting segment, both have
advantages and disadvantages, and
both will find their place in the future.
This is the visible message of OLED
manufacturers, luminaire
manufacturers and designers.
It is true that the costs for OLEDs are
currently too high to become
mainstream. It is also true that it will
take some time to lower manufacturing
costs. But the time will come. Mass-
produced OLEDs offer acceptable
efficiency, lifetime and luminance
values. A massively improved next
generation has been announced for
2014. Beyond that, the manufacturers
showed wide-ranging diversification.
The big European players in the OLED
business demonstrated relatively
conservative behavior. It seemed like
they only improved the familiar
products step by step without making
any promises. Philips improved
luminance to 9,000 cd/m²; Osram’s
new Orebos generation now offers 65
lm/W; and Tridonic introduced a new
version of a frameless OLED module
that allows seamless planar fields of
bigger dimensions and a flexible OLED.
In comparison, the Asian OLED
specialists were more aggressive by
clearly demonstrating and advertising
their improvements and
diversification. Konica Minolta
showed color tunable flexible OLEDs.
Verbatim, already displaying color
tunable OLEDs in 2012,
demonstrated the next generation
that offers greater efficiency and
luminance. These two color tunable
products show two completely
Figure 28:
Osram used OLED
luminaires in
their catering and
meeting zone
Figure 29:
Philips used OLED
modules for an
artistic lightshow
at their bootth
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
different approaches. While Konica
Minoltas flexible OLEDs consist of
layers emitting the different colors,
Verbatim has a pixelated structure
comparable to displays and are only
sold as complete modules including
the electronics.
LG Chem showed the biggest variety
of OLED modules demonstrated by
luminaires of their clients. Probably
most impressive was their N6SD30
OLED panel. At 320x320 mm it is
currently the largest OLED. The 1 mm
thick module delivers 850 lm at a CCT
of 3000 K and 60 lm/W. For the
dimension of the module with its
40,000 hour lifetime, 85%
homogeneity is absolutely remarkable,
as well as a CRI of 90+ for all LG
Chem OLEDs. Normally their OLEDs
are driven to have a luminescence of
3,000 cd/m² and if a reduction in
lifetime is acceptable, it can be
increased up to 8,000 cd/m². LG
Chems OLEDs are based on a
multi-photon emission OLED structure
to achieve these impressive
performance values.
Toshiba Lighting presented their first
samples of transparent OLEDs that
have the extraordinary ability of being
able to emit 90% of the light in one
direction and being transparent when
switched off. The new design options
opened up by transparent OLEDs have
the world eagerly awaiting the first
designer products to hit the market.
Figure 30 (left):
Toshiba’s
impressive
transparent
OLEDs emitted
90% of the
produced light in
one direction
Figure 31 (right):
LG Chem
displayed the
world’s largest
OLED panel
measuring
320x320 mm.
The homogeneous
brightness was
astonishing
Figure 32 (right):
Tridonic’s
highlights were
flexible and
frameless OLEDs
Figure 33:
Konica Minolta
showed their color
tunable and white
OLEDs
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Summary – The Most
Conclusive Demonstrations
Highlighting the most convincing or
important trends of a show is often a
little biased depending on how well
the exhibitor presented their products
or technologies. Only a few relatively
objective measures can be applied.
However, aside from the fact that the
2014 Light + Building set new
records, there may be one superior
trend that supports most of the
other tendencies.
Controls with all its facets are the key
technology for successful products in
the future. The type of controls and
whether wireless controls based on
smart devices, gesture control or
simply DALI, will be the top runner
depends on the application. While
gesture control is very progressive
and DALI is established, wireless,
like ZigBee LightLink and Bluetooth,
is the most popular approach.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has
already become reality. Controlling all
technical equipment where and when
one wants with one device is a
strong argument.
The evolution of the light source is still
advancing. The topic is integration
- which can mean “multi-color” or
“warm white/cold white” solutions to
allow color or CCT tunable solutions or
the fusion of the light source itself with
intelligence in the form of sensors,
drivers, controls and wireless
connectivity.
While being far from mature and still
too expensive, the displayed OLEDs
demonstrated the potential of this
technology both for design as well as
practical aspects. The quality of the
different approaches, flexible, color
tunable and especially transparent
OLEDs, made a big noise in the
lighting-world.
In addition to that, cutting costs was
again a general trend for all
components. Un-packaged chip LEDs,
ease of handling and manufacturing
through improved connectors,
matched connectors and modules,
advanced modules with integrated
electronic features, optics with
integrated sealing or the snap-on
option are the most obvious examples.
All in all, the easily recognizable
innovations and trends have switched
over from the light source to the
controls level. OLEDs now have the
status that LEDs had in 2010, and the
maturity of LEDs and LED systems has
to be acknowledged. This year it is
necessary to look much more carefully
at the details to find the small
differences and to figure out trends.
One visitor put it in a nutshell when he
said: “Even the worst LED panel
manufacturer has learned to provide
acceptable luminance homogeneity.
LIGHT + BUILDING REVIEW
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Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
52MANUFACTURING
Implementing an Automated
High-Tech LED Luminaires
Production Line
In recent years an extensive and a rather imaginative range of LED products has been marketed by
increasingly proactive manufacturers from Eastern Asia. Although the prices of these products are very
competitive, Darko Crha, Managing Director at Data Link, sees the quality as being questionable. On
the other hand, he knows that one should not underestimate them, as things are changing at a fast
pace and almost on a daily basis. He therefore proposes a far-reaching automation of module and
luminaire production.
LED technology is undoubtedly
the future in lighting and every
lighting manufacturer planning
to survive in the market cannot
afford to have a different vision
of its future development and
production. But it appears that
western lighting manufacturers
are still convinced that their
market position is not
compromised and they rely
on high prices they are able to
achieve for their products in
today’s marketplace. Perhaps
competitors should be taken
more seriously, as their products
will improve in terms of quality
and design and it will not be long
before European manufacturers
are stunned to find that,
regardless of their reputation, the
quality they offer simply does not
justify the high price customers
are expected to pay. Brand image
and customer loyalty can mitigate
the effects of rising competition
to some extent, but there are
limits to that as well.
Multiple major players have
taken globalization and its faithful
companion, market liberalization,
lightly. Their profit-oriented
strategy urged them to relocate
their production without criteria to
countries with significantly lower
labor costs and far less regulated
business environments. Over the
years that move yielded extra
profits, but now it has started to
backfire, resulting in an economic
crisis, increasing unemployment,
social unrest and many other
pressing issues. A growing
number of companies have
decided to bring production back
home, but now they are dealing
with a major problem – high costs
of human labor. The only logical
and possible solution to this
problem is the implementation
of intelligent solutions and
automated manufacturing
operations.
The key question remains how
to make a top-quality product
and market that product at a
competitive price? The answer
is quite simple - one can use
machines instead of human
workers. However, translating
that into practice is far more
complex. Replacing human
workers with robotic systems
sounds promising, but doing that
is neither simple nor cheap. Such
an endeavor requires extensive
scientific interdisciplinary
knowledge and skills. One is
certain, in the high-volume
commercial production of LED
luminaries the same trend like
in the automotive industry
will happen - introduction of
robots on a large scale and
decreasing production costs with
simultaneous product quality
upgrade. A fast-growing market
in demand for these products will
dictate future development and
the described approach will be
the answer.
Preconditions for
Implementing Automated
Manufacturing
To adapt products to automated
manufacturing, i.e. robotic production,
at least two key preconditions have to
be met. The first one is that it has to
involve high-volume commercial
production of products to meet market
demand in terms of volume and
quality. The second one, practically
enabling low-cost serial manufacturing,
is that the product will have to be
technological, which means having its
technology and design adapted to this
type of production. That is often the
key problem in terms of their design,
as designers often have complicated
solutions that are not suitable for the
low-cost serial production and
AUTOMATION WITH ROBOTIC LINES
53
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
Figure 1:
Typical kinematic
diagram of
Selective
Compliance
Assembly Robot
Arm (SCARA)
configuration (left)
and the real world
equivalent SCARA
robot (right)
MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION WITH ROBOTIC LINES
especially not an automated one.
Since the lighting industry can be
described as traditional and so far
certain rules and standards have
applied, with the arrival of LED
technology experts are now
increasingly exposed to almost absurd
design requests. It is as if there is no
wider understanding of the fact that
new technology brings new rules and
that it is unwise to consistently follow
or copy obsolete and old solutions.
For example, in Europe there is still a
requirement that a street lamp has to
have tempered glass, even though that
brings significant optical losses and
actually offers no protection, as under
it is no longer a breakable glass bulb,
but a compact module with LED,
which is far more mechanically solid,
compact and resistant than the
protective glass protecting it.
Of course, robots will never be able to
do everything and various processes
will continue to be carried out by
human workers. There are limits to
automation that cannot be crossed or
that are not economically feasible,
at least for now. Human involvement in
highly automated processes will
continue being necessary, but if
production is smartly organized, it will
be limited to preparation of material
and semi-products, logistics,
maintenance and other processes that
cannot easily and lightly be transferred
to machines.
There is still the issue of the
standardization of LED light sources,
which has slowly become a condition
sine qua non for widespread use and
further product cheapening and
popularization. LED will always offer
a wider range of options than
conventional lighting sources, such as
classic incandescent, HPS or
fluorescent lights, but standardization
has proved to be a necessity.
The standardization of LED modules
will enable automated and serial
production and make finished
products more affordable. Needs for
lighting can be categorized and are
mostly equal or similar, so logic
dictates that it is unnecessary for
every lighting manufacturer to develop
own solutions.
Experiences with Robotic
Lines
A general experience is that robotic
production lines significantly reduce
the amount of scrap and raise the
quality of finished products.
Furthermore, robotic production
reduces the need for human workers
which results in significant cost
savings. Returns on investment in
automation of production are very fast,
often in only a year or two, owing to
energy savings and low labor costs.
Unlike people, robots are flawless in
carrying out their programmed
assignments. They do not need to take
a break and productivity at work is
never reduced. Of course that
significant funding is required for
acquiring robots and hiring experts
that can successfully implement this
production model. Except for the
already mentioned automotive industry,
massive use of robots in European
companies is still far ahead. The level
of automation in today’s European
companies is reduced to specialty
lines, partially automated, without the
possibility of gradual migration toward
more complex products or production
line repurposing. Well-designed robotic
lines can be easily repurposed or used
for the production of different
products, which is often what is
needed in today’s dynamic market.
One of the important characteristics of
modern robotic lines is their ability “to
see”, i.e. a wide use of vision systems
and intelligent sensors. All critical
operations have to be monitored via
optic systems that are able to detect
error in a timely manner and
immediately stop production and
remove defective products from the
manufacturing line. Current prices of
optical systems are moderate and their
use should not be avoided anywhere
they could be of use. They greatly
contribute to production quality and
increase productivity.
Types of Robots and
Robotic Lines
Europe and the United States of
America are falling behind countries
like Japan or South Korea in the
industrial use of robots. Germany is an
exception and EU leader in the
industrial use of robots, primarily owing
to its highly developed automotive
industry. Robots are often despised or
viewed as superior to humans, which
is why there are often unreasonably
complex demands from a robotic unit
in designing automated lines.
From the aspect of complexity of
operations assigned to robots, there
are two models. The first one is the
Japanese model where robots are
massively used for relatively simple
handling operations. Due to high labor
costs, the Japanese will without
hesitation use robots for simple
operations in the production process.
The second one is the European
model that is characterized by robots
being used for demanding operations
and complex tasks, which slows down
production and makes it unnecessarily
complicated. It is always better to
make each robot in charge of a simple
line operation, which can be upgraded
or modified, if necessary.
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
54
Today’s Selective Compliance
Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) type
assembly robots are cheap enough to
be used for simple operations in the
manufacturing process, while the
complexity of processes and products
is achieved through parallelism, i.e. the
use of multiple robots in a series. Also,
automated lines with SCARA robots
are far more flexible than classic
automated lines with gantry or linear
and pneumatic systems, which still
prevail in industries. It is much easier to
repurpose a robot or program it to do
additional operations required for
process enhancement. The use of
robots also makes the investment less
risky as they can simply be used for a
different purpose should a significant
change in the production process
occur.
Implementation and
Utilization of the Robotic
Production Line
The defined goal was to develop and
produce an affordable and durable
LED down light that can compete with
other commercial products of this type
available in the marketplace.
Consequently, the company opted for
the robotic line concept with minimum
human involvement. As mentioned
above, the first step was to design and
think of a product that can be
produced on an automated line. The
product had to be devised in a way
that enabled simple and fast
production and have as few
components as possible.
The implementation of automated
production included several phases.
First an LED down light adapted to the
automated assembly line was
designed and developed. It did not
take long to come up with a very
compact model with excellent thermal
management, which is essential for a
quality and long-lasting LED lamp. Due
to known issues related to electrolytic
capacitors, which are the main cause
of the short lifespan of LED drivers, AC
LED technology was used. This
significantly reduced the price and
complexity of the finished product,
making the lamp a compact product
suitable for automated production. For
the segment LED driver a chipset
Figure 2:
Photorealistic
rendering of the
luminaire design
for fully automated
manufacturing
Figure 3:
Image of the
finished luminaire
from figure 2
MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION WITH ROBOTIC LINES
55
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
produced by a reliable manufacturer is
used. This guarantees long operating
life of the down light. The lamps of this
type are no longer intended for
industrial use, where the stroboscopic
effect of the AC driver was normally
encountered, but now they are suited
for use in hallways, staircases,
bathrooms and other areas in
commercial and residential buildings
that need high energy-efficient lighting.
This is a very compact lamp that can
be manufactured in a variety of forms
and it is a suitable substitute for
standard products available on the
market and retrofitting. It is especially
suitable for use in staircases and
access corridors in hotels where
motion sensors or switches are often
used. As this is an LED source, the
light immediately reaches full intensity
and there is no warm-up time, as is the
case with compact fluorescent lamps.
The first production phase takes place
at a separate line, where its light
engine with an integral power supply is
produced. This light engine is
produced with classic SMD technology
at specialized lines, which are mostly
standard equipment easily procured
on the global market from several
well-known producers. The base
material used is an aluminum-based
PCB (Printed Circuit Board), which has
excellent thermal conductivity and also
serves as a cooler for integrated
segment drivers and LEDs. Large
production capacity is achieved by
placing ten LED lamps on a single
panel, which are then processed
simultaneously. That way the
production capacity is achieved which
can easily feed an automated lamp
assembly line.
After LED panels are finished, they
undergo functional testing and all
network parameters such as rated
power, total harmonic distortion (THD),
power factor, etc., are measured. Units
that have not passed the testing are
marked and later separated for repair
or discarding. Panels are then divided
into separate units and stacked in
special holders. They are then
removed during the second phase,
which is product assembly.
Figure 4:
The centerpiece
of an automated
system is the
control program
displayed on a
monitor
Figure 5:
Example of a
robotic line that
has proven to be
a cost-effective
and reliable
tool for today’s
requirements
for luminaire
manufacturing
Figure 6:
Automated glue
dispensing is just
one of the tasks
that is fulfilled
accurately by the
robots
MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION WITH ROBOTIC LINES
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
56
The second phase takes place at an
automated line where the lamp is finally
assembled. The line comprises three
SCARA robots and several different
conveyors operated by a program
based on the National Instruments
LabVIEW platform. This combination of
a control program and executing
elements has been used for years in
different sophisticated production lines
that were customized for several
clients. One of the special features of
LabVIEW software is that it contains all
of the modules necessary even for the
most complex hi-tech production. The
same platform can be used for discrete
programming of different state
machine models or, if that is not
sufficiently fast, programmed hardware
functions can be used through an
extensive offer of FPGA hardware.
Also, the program allows for simple
incorporation of complex vision system
functions, which are necessary in this
type of production. The use of robots
that are able to “see” significantly
increases the quality of the final
product and reduces scrap.
The three robots are divided into
functional units and programmed to
execute different operations. The first
one is taking finished light engine
modules from the conveyor and
connecting them to glass slabs, which
is the frame of the lamp. The second
robot applies adhesive that holds
together the two basic elements of the
lamp. The third robot handles finished
lamps and places them on the exit
conveyor. The manufacturing line tact
time is about one minute, which means
that in a single shift 400 products can
be easily made. All of the key
production phases are covered by
vision systems, so as to ensure timely
error detection, i.e. defective products.
After assembly, lamps are put on the
shelves for at least 24 hours for the
adhesive to dry. Finished lamps are
tested again and afterwards packed in
boxes. This phase is done manually,
fast and with minimum workers
required, because automation of
particular segments is not
cost-effective.
This type of an automated
manufacturing line can be used for
manufacturing a variety of lamps by a
simple activation of a particular
execution program and replacement of
several mechanical grippers.
Conclusion
All of the above leads to the conclusion
that LED technology is only just getting
started and will lead the way to
energy-efficient and reliable lighting.
Due to its superiority, especially
durability and energy efficiency, LED is
on the path to replacing most of
today’s conventional light sources and
that development will require mass
production of quality and affordable
lamps, lighting modules and
armatures. Mass and affordable
production requires a high level of
automation and today that is
impossible without using robotics.
That is something major European and
American companies will have to take
into account, because that is the only
way to compete with East Asian
competitors.
Even at first glance, products
presented by prominent manufacturers
at the recently held Frankfurt Light +
Building fair showed what seemed a
rather low level of innovation in the LED
product range. Products have not
been designed for a high-volume serial
production, but are mostly already
seen solutions produced by traditional
methods at standard manufacturing
facilities, which makes them expensive
and non-competitive. It seems as if
some market leaders are showing lack
of innovation. The main reason is,
probably, that the lighting industry is
still based on traditional electrical and
mechanical solutions adapted to the
conventional lighting technology.
LED has suddenly brought entirely new
challenges before manufacturers and
new rules of the game are far more
technologically advanced compared to
the old ones.
With LED lighting electronics engineers
are encountering an increasing number
of challenging tasks in terms of power
supplies and LED module
construction. Other fields offering
multiple opportunities for development
include optics and lens or mirror
systems that improve the usability of
semiconductor light sources even
more. These fields offer much room for
advancement; especially in dealing
with the way dotted LED lights are
unappealing to the human eye.
These are all great challenges market
leaders will have to take on in order to
keep their market shares. They also
offer big opportunities for smaller
companies fostering innovation,
offering them a way they can succeed
in the global marketplace and win their
market share.
Figure 7:
A first testing like
thermography
of the module is
performed to find
defective products
or products
exceeding
predefined limits.
Such modules
are separated
and manually
repaired or
discarded before
the automated
assembly starts
MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION WITH ROBOTIC LINES
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
58
3D MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
Producing Cost-Effective
LED Lamps and Modules
Using 3D Technology
When it comes to life and performance, LEDs top almost every other illuminant. Unfortunately, this is
also true in terms of production costs. To combat those costs, new methods and processes are
required and MID technology (Molded Interconnect Devices) could be the answer. Barbara Stumpp
and Stephan Krause, Strategic Product Manager LDS at LPKF Laser & Electronics AG, discuss how
this technology offers considerable freedom for the arrangement of LEDs and more efficient
production with cost-saving potential.
LEDs or light-emitting diodes give
cars their brand-specific lighting.
They also illuminate the 49,000 m²
outfield of the Innsbruck airport
without significant ‘light pollution.
The advantages are, compared to
conventional lighting, long-term
stability, low power requirements,
a low construction depth and a
possible lifetime of some 10,000
hours. Saving power is also a
good idea for private households.
Yet if the average consumer pays
up to 15 Euros (more than 20
US$) for a new LED-bulb (about
five times the cost of a halogen
lamp) they will most likely ignore
the long life time and the up to
80% lower consumption and only
have eyes for the price tag. The
structure of the LED component
is one major reason for its
costliness: it is flat and radiates
to one side only. The consumer,
though, prefers 300° light
emission. Achieving this
necessitates optics and reflectors
or placement in diffuser domes.
Another reason for the high costs is
that LEDs only use direct current.
Hence, an electronic component that
converts alternating current into direct
current is needed. In addition, being
able to dim the lamp requires
additional electronics. People who
monitor their homes with smart phones
via the Internet favor suitable light
management. By driving the LEDs via
RFID-like components there is no need
to pry open any walls for the necessary
cables. Sensors that automatically
control the lighting require even more
electronics within the LED lamp. And
to top it off: Being that the white light of
the LEDs is generated by mixing the
light from red, green and blue LEDs,
the color of light is controlled through
additional electronics. In order to
prevent lighting from costing the earth,
new solutions are needed which not
only make the high-tech version of LED
lighting cheaper, but the ‘normal’ LED
lamp used in everyday life cost
effective as well.
The MID process (Molded Interconnect
Devices) offers cost-efficient
production as well as geometrical
leeway. Interconnects and electronic
components are placed directly on a
three-dimensional plastic body. Among
various MID processes, Laser Direct
Structuring (LDS) dominates. This
method functions with thermoplastic
material doped with a laser-activatable
additive. When the laser beam hits this
substrate, it uncovers the additive and
forms a roughened track. The additives
provide the seed for the subsequent
electro-less metallization in an
electro-less plating bath. Circuit paths
made of copper with a thickness of up
to 10 µm are common practice,
followed by a finish with nickel and
gold. For higher currents, electrolytic
plating can produce thicker layers that
function as heat sinks. In industrial
applications laser systems with up to
four laser processing units provide
short cycle times.
With a recently developed new LDS
prototyping process, prototypes can
be produced quickly and cost-
effectively, short-cutting the transition
from prototype to mass production.
LDS technology has been suitable for
mass production for years. And so, for
example, circuit paths and antennas
can be applied on mechanical
components.
The problem of tipping the lamp body
with the electronic components was
solved by a unique 3D capable MID
dispensing & placing system. The 3D
59
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
3D MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
Figures 1 to 3:
Examples of 3D
manufactured
LED modules and
lamps - Clip’n
Slide track system
of home lights.
The clips (1) –
produced by
means of LDS
technology -
simply adhere
to the track via
magnets (2).
Placing circuit
paths on any 3D
metal body - the
new LDS powder
paint opens new
opportunities in
LED technology
to manufacture
traditional looking
LED lamps (3)
1
2 3
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
60
3D MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
placer Hydra can produce up to 2,500
components/hour in 3D mode. There
was also the problem of dispensing
and placement on a non-horizontal
surface being affected by gravity. An
integrated robot works inside the
machine, but in contrast to the usual
procedure, the device for the
movement of parts works as a master
and the robot as a slave.
The new facility is a combination of a
2D pick-and-place machine with a
specific substrate holder. This is
positioned at the required angle by the
robot. Glue and solder can keep the
components even when the part is
upside down. But design requirements
have to be considered. The facility can
process substrates with a size of
300 x 300 x 50 mm3 and weights of up
to 2 kg with a placement accuracy of
less than 60 µm. All this enables Hydra
to perform a systems engineering
close to mass production.
Despite efficient use of electricity,
LEDs become hot during operation.
They can withstand a junction
temperature of 125° to 135°C, up to a
maximum of 185°C for a long lifetime.
In addition, the LED driver influences
the life span. Hence, thermal
management is required.
For LEDs arranged linearly, aluminum
rails are sufficient, but 2-dimensional
LED lamps need a heat sink. Such a
heat sink also offers the required
mechanical stability and meets
country-specific certifications.
Developing suitable heat
management for an LED lamp was
challenging indeed.
In order to simultaneously use spatial
metallic base bodies as bearers of
the components as well as heat
sinks, an LDS-compatible powder
coating was developed. The two
powder coatings consist of the
thermoset materials polyurethane
and polyester. During coating, the
electrically charged powder is
electrostatically absorbed into a
grounded work piece. Unused
powder can be recovered. During
curing, the coating is cross-linked at
170° to 200 °C, without any softening
occurring throughout the course of
reheating. The LDS PowderCoating
PES 200 is white, silk mat and
thermally stable. The disruptive
voltage of 8.44 to 6.27 kV depends
on the thickness of the coating,
which lies at approximately 80 µm.
The LDS PowderCoating PU 100 is
glossy white and thermally stable
with a disruptive voltage of 7.43 to
4.29 kV at layer thicknesses of 60
µm. Both powder coatings are
chemically stable and UV resistant.
The PES 200 provides high puncture
resistance at sharp edges, while the
PU 100 requires the edges to have a
radius of a minimum of 2 mm. In
terms of temperature stability the PE
200 withstands 240°C, the PU 100
some 270°C for 5 seconds.
Important advantages of the LDS
Powder Coating include the powder
coatings particular compatibility with
electrically conducting base bodies; as
well as the reflow process in which the
electronic components can be
soldered directly onto the base body at
temperatures between 240° and
270°C. The process will also work with
base bodies consisting of other
materials like plastics or glass,
provided that the electric surface
conductivity and the adhesion are
sufficient. Also, both coatings are
neither hazardous nor dangerous.
MID-Tronic has built a demonstrator
that uses a massive aluminum body
that has been coated and cured with
the LDS PowderCoating as a heatsink.
Figure 4:
A view inside
the assembly
unit Hydra - a
robot places the
component in the
working chamber.
Inset: The
assembly unit
Hydra
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Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
3D MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
Subsequently, the conductor paths are
structured by the laser and then
metallized. This demonstrator works
splendidly, yet it is a bit on the heavy
side. The primary goal, though, was to
create a functioning part. In the future,
a hollow aluminum body or a body
made of heat conducting plastic,
manufactured by low cost injection
molding processes, could be used
instead of a massive body.
In order to achieve higher layer
thicknesses of the conductor tracks of
35 to 70 µm on the plastic components
for improved heat dissipation,
one can boost them galvanically after
the electroless metallization.
Since the main portion of the heat is
passing through the substrate,
the development of thermally
conductive, LDS compatible plastics
is necessary. Being able to place
LEDs directly on the heat sink will be
a big advantage. In addition, this
process makes a circuit board and
thermal interface material redundant.
One can reach heat conduction in
polymers by means of fillers. However,
there is a singular problem: the
polymer becomes brittle with too much
filler. Because of the large number of
fillers with a large width of thermally
conductive properties, the engineers
are confident that they’ll find the right
mix for any application. Because the
production of the base body has to be
economic, injection molding is the
method of choice.
Fillers in injection-molded parts don’t
have the same orientation everywhere.
Their orientation is determined by the
exact place in the component. Therefore,
the conductivity is not the same
throughout the component. The
engineers found out that the thermal
conductivity’s intensity depends in part
on geometry. In effect, this means that
the engineers are able to design suitable
parts: their heat conduction reaches
peaks at the desired LED place. Thus,
design work optimizes the effect and the
price for material takes a back seat.
Conclusions
These development efforts make it
possible for MID technology to offer
great potential for LED lighting. This is
because the method is efficient,
cost-effective and ready for series
production. Moreover, an appropriate
automatic placement machine is
already available. This method offers
an almost unlimited number of surface
geometry for LED lamps, plus it works
with free-form substrates. What’s
more, the use of thermally conductive
plastics instead of aluminum enables
inexpensive LED lamps with an
exquisite design. Having the possibility
to quickly conduct design changes,
the technology helps to save money.
Along with this, additional electronic
components and functions can be
integrated without additional process
stages. Thanks to this new technology,
LED lights will become lighter, smaller
and cheaper in the future.
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
62TECHNOLOGY
White LED Color Design
and Variation Reduction
Lighting is becoming a clear domain of LEDs, especially white LEDs, because of the well-known
advantages of this technology over conventional light sources. However, LED lighting also has its issues,
namely color design and consistency. Ichikawa Akira from Asahi Rubber Inc.s development group
explains the problem and proposes a solution, developed in his company.
The white LEDs produced at the
end of the 20th century saw a
striking increase in capabilities
due to various innovations.
Building on this progress,
the improvements were only
expected to accelerate, surpassing
the current light sources in various
fields. This is due to the excellent
characteristics of white LEDs. For
example, thanks to their long life,
one can design lighting modules
or fixtures that have the distinction
of being “maintenance free.
And thanks to their stable
characteristics in low temperatures,
modules for use in cold storage
warehouses can be designed.
In this way, the value of LED
Lighting modules is created as
the demand for these design
advantages and superior
characteristics is realized. On the
other hand, there are weaknesses
inherent to LEDs in which they
have not met the demands of the
marketplace, such as color, which
one must respond to in the future.
New solutions to some of the
main problems facing white LEDs,
color design and consistency,
shall be elucidated and discussed.
The hue, when represented
numerically as “chromaticity” and
the brightness, when represented
numerically as “luminous flux
(lm) or “luminous intensity” (cd),
combine to form expressions of
the qualities of light along with
the “color-rendering index.
Construction of a White LED
While there are many methods for
creating white LEDs, the most
common type utilizes a blue chip and
phosphor, due to its high efficiency.
This is also the type of LED that will
be considered hereafter.
The mixture of blue light produced by
the LED chip, combined with the
carefully regulated amount of light
produced by the excitation of the
phosphor in reaction to the blue light,
are perceived by the human eye as
white light. These white LEDs can be
designed with optimal ingredients,
such as a blue chip with yellow
phosphor for high output efficiency, or
a chip with red and green phosphors
for high CRI, to create ideal optical
characteristics for various applications.
LED Color Design
Ingredients used
The creation of a white LED requires
an emitter chip that possesses a
wavelength between 430 and 470 nm.
Next, it generally requires various
phosphors such as yellow-green
emitting YAG phosphor, yellow-green
emitting Sialon phosphors, green to
orange emitting silicate phosphors or
red emitting CASN phosphor.
Through the careful manipulation of
the added phosphors relative to the
peak wavelength of the base LED chip,
customized design of color and CRI
is possible.
Controlling hue
The spectrum data from the
combination of a blue phosphor chip
and YAG phosphor can be seen in
figure 1. The amount of YAG phosphor
emitting yellow light around 560 nm
was adjusted to match appropriately
with the blue chip emitting at a peak
wavelength of 450 nm. Through the
addition of this phosphor the blue
spectrum decreases in favor of the
emissions in the yellow spectrum.
Adding more phosphor increases this
trend even further. This trend is shown
in the data in table 1, and the plot on a
chromaticity diagram in figure 2.
The addition of this phosphor moves
the produced color towards the area of
the 550 nm light produced by the
phosphor. Using an appropriate
balance of blue emissions from the
chip along with yellow emissions from
the phosphor, one can bring the
measured spectrum to the white light
point (x=0.33, y=0.33), creating a
white LED.
Furthermore, when using red and
green phosphors in place of yellow, the
mechanism in which it shifts the color
is identical. By increasing the amounts
of either of these phosphors, the
produced spectrum can be shifted
towards the color space produced by
that particular phosphor, to create
those colors. By drawing lines between
the various phosphor-emitted colors
and the blue emitter chip’s location on
a color space, shows the possible
colors that can be created. The
achievable area using this method is
depicted in figure 3.
COLOR MATCHING
63
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
TECHNOLOGY COLOR MATCHING
Controlling CRI
Color Rendering Index, or CRI,
refers to a test created by JIS in
which pre-determined test colors
are illuminated by both the tested
light source and a standard light
source, and the difference in
perceived color is measured,
with identical rendering being 100
and any differences lowering the
score. Color rendering levels can
refer to the standard set
(Ra: average of R1-R8) or the
special color rendering levels
(R9-R15). These values represent
one of the important qualities of
light when illuminating living areas
or product displays.
An example would be designing an
LED with a color temperature of
5000 K (bright white), assuming the
use of an LED with a 450 nm
emitting chip. What type of
phosphor would be the ideal choice
for this application? As discussed
previously, yellow phosphor, which
functions as a partner color to blue,
allows to create LEDs that achieve
these colors. Furthermore, with a
combination of green and red
phosphors, one can create the
color using a combination of the
3 primary colors, RGB. Also, there
are various types of red and green
phosphors that emit in different
spectral ranges. From this, one can
plainly see that the methods for
designing a specific color
temperature or a point on the color
space can be varied. It is necessary
to select the appropriate phosphor
that will produce the desired color
and CRI levels.
Table 2 shows the optical
characteristics of a 5000 K LED.
The amount of phosphor added
to each sample determines the
characteristics of the resultant LED.
When aiming for a high luminous
flux the CRI figures drop,
and conversely, when aiming for
high CRI, the output drops.
Whether focusing on high luminous
flux or output efficiency, or high CRI,
with an appropriate blend of
phosphors, the various
requirements of customers for
different LEDs can be satisfied.
Sample Name
Added
Phosphor
(%wt)
Luminous
Flux
(lm)
Chromaticity Color
Temp
(K)
Deviation
duv
Average
CRI
(Ra)
x y
blue LED 0 11.8 0.156 0.021 - - -
LED -1 4 71.8 0.257 0.197 - - -
LED-2 8 95.4 0.327 0.315 5,813 -0.011 72
LED-3 15 105.9 0.403 0.440 3,895 0.021 63
LED-4 30 88.3 0.468 0.517 3,286 0.035 49
Figure 1:
Amount of
Phosphor added
and LED spectral
analysis
Table1:
Optical
characteristics
of LEDs with
different amounts
of added
phosphor
Figure 2:
Chromaticity
points of four
LEDs with
different amounts
of added phosphor
in the CIE 1931
Chromaticity
Diagram
Figure 3:
Achievable
chromaticity area
with blue emitter
chip and phosphor
in the CIE 1931
Chromaticity
Diagram
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
64
Problems with custom
color design
Depending on the usage of fixtures,
there are certain desirable colors and
CRI levels that are not normally found
in LED makers’ catalogues. These
would be so-called custom LEDs. For
example, custom LEDs could fulfill the
need for a light source that matches a
company’s corporate color, or a
specific color temperature and CRI
level that could be desirable for a
product display. However, designing a
custom LED is not simple. In order to
achieve the desired color and CRI,
repeated adjustments of the carefully
controlled components could be
necessary based on the feedback from
sample evaluations. Due to the emitter
chip and phosphor being internal
components of the LED, along with the
encapsulant, creating a sample is
something that requires considerable
time and effort.
Appropriate LEDs for custom
color design
The new designedASA COLOR
LEDs” are constructed to facilitate
custom color design. They differ from
a standard white LED construction,
with a silicone rubber cap attached
to the top of a blue LED.
The construction is demonstrated in
figure 4. Either a surface mount or a
through hole LED is selected. Then a
cap that conforms to the shape of the
LED is designed. The cap, having had
phospors mixed appropriately,
is attached with silicone based
adhesive applied to both items.
The color can be designed by
adjusting the type and amount of
phosphors present in the cap.
Designing a custom LED in response
to the demand from a customer is
referred to as “color matching”. Color
matching is a process guided by the
desired color. The amount, type, and
mixed ratio of phosphors is controlled,
then matched with a blue LED and
evaluated. Furthermore, if there is a
demand for higher brightness due to
the intended usage (lighting fixtures,
etc.), the process can be controlled to
match other specifications (color/color
temperature, brightness/luminous
flux, etc. and CRI levels). Various
equipment such as a
photospectrometer are used to
evaluate the LEDs. The adjustments
process, allows the design of LEDs
that can comprehensively cover the
needs of the conditions that they will
be used under, such as the input
voltage. The result of this is the ability
to create products that can distinguish
themselves in the marketplace.
It is also easily possible to
accommodate mass production of
custom LEDs designed in this manner.
This requires a specifically designed
production process to be able to
accommodate an ever-increasing
number of custom color LEDs.
LED Color Variation
Current problems
Designers of lighting fixtures in
particular, struggle with the color
variation present in LEDs. When
looking at lighting fixtures that use
LEDs, in the case of indirect lighting
fixtures with a linear design, variations
in the color of LEDs when directly
illuminating a wall can be a problem.
The degree to which this is a problem
can change depending on the
components and the specific LEDs,
but this is one of the problems
contributing to a lower value product.
Typically, in order to combat LED color
variation, the base LEDs are classified
based on their brightness and color
characteristics. Therefore, color and
brightness ranks are almost certainly
created to designate these LEDs.
When the usable LEDs are sectioned
off in this manner, the production yield
decreases, and also leads to an
increase in cost. Furthermore, when
attempting to increase production yield
by using multiple color ranks, colors
Sample No.
Luminous
Flux (lm)
Average
CRI
(Ra)
Chromaticity Color
Temp
(K)
Deviation
duv
x y
No.1 100.7 69 0.344 0.358 5,054 0.004
No.2 95.8 71 0.345 0.355 5,025 0.002
No.3 90.5 73 0.343 0.352 5,080 0.001
No.4 85.8 80 0.346 0.356 4,967 0.002
No.5 79.2 87 0.347 0.352 4,926 -0.001
No.6 73.4 91 0.345 0.351 4,996 0.000
No.7 67. 9 96 0.344 0.348 5,025 -0.002
Table2:
Optical
characteristics of
LEDs with
Tc = 5,000 K
Figure 4:
Structure of the
ASA Color LED
TECHNOLOGY COLOR MATCHING
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
66
will change when shifting from lot to lot
in production. In these cases, it can
become a large problem in the process
of lighting fixture design.
The root cause of variation
The main components are laid out in
the following 2 points. There tends to
be a two dimensional shift, leading to
variation in the color of white LEDs,
based on these components. Figure 5
illustrates this color variation.
Variation in the emitter chip
The emitter chip is constructed by
growing a semiconducting crystal on a
base. Uneven growth in this process
can be a cause of variation, having an
effect on the optical characteristics. A
blue emitter chip is used in the creation
of a white LED, but if the wavelength of
that LED is short, the resultant white
LED can be tinged pink, likewise, a
longer wavelength chip can cause the
white LED to appear greenish.
Furthermore, variations in the output of
the chip can cause variation in the
luminous flux and power of the LED.
Variation in phosphor use
Phosphor is encapsulated in the LED
packaging. The phosphor is mixed with
the silicone or epoxy resin that is to
become the encapsulant resin for the
LED, dispensed into the LED housing,
and then heat cured into the desired
form for the LED. However, phosphor
particles with a large specific gravity
tend to sink within the liquid
encapsulant, making an even mixture
of phosphors difficult. Furthermore,
when mixing using various types of
phosphor with different specific gravity
and molecular weight, the rate of
sinking can differ between them,
further increasing the difficulty. Mixing
constantly while dispensing into the
LED housing also proves ineffective,
with unpredictable amounts of
phosphor leading to variations. If the
amount is too small, the color appears
too blue, while if the amount is too
large, it appears yellow. In cases with
multiple phosphors, the resultant ratios
can lead to various discolorations.
How to combat variation
The development of the ASA ColorLED
led to a production process in order to
reduce color variation and avoid
standard LED binning practices.
The basics of the newly developed
production methods are:
Sorting of blue LEDs based on
optical characteristics (Wavelength/
Output) (Figure 5: variations caused
by chip wavelength)
Adjustment of the phosphor
amounts in response to the
dominant wavelength of the LED.
(Figure 5: variations based on
phosphor)
Brightness adjustment through
uniform phosphor mixing and
cap thickness control (Figure 5:
color variations)
Adding additional compounds to the
cap in response to the power of the
blue LED. (Elimination of Flux
Variation)
When, in the product design phase,
receiving a desired spec (optical
characteristic figures) from a
customer, it is essential to carefully
regulate each step along with the
base LED selection carefully.
Due to the various demands of the
different customers, the blue base
LEDs need to be sorted into 120
different categories. Furthermore,
there are 120 different types of
caps to match with the different LED
specifications. The amount/ratio of
phosphors is carefully regulated in
regard to the specific LED
characteristics. Ultimately,
creating the appropriate cap creates
the required uniformity in the optical
characteristics of the blue LEDs,
as can be seen in figure 6.
Conclusion
As the LED market grows, customer
needs related to “quality of light” will
continue to increase to an increasingly
higher level. In response to this
demand, various companies are
developing products to respond to
more advanced customer needs.
While methods for overcoming LED
coloration problems are still being
developed, ASA believes that seeing
them through helps to create
components that add value to
LED products.
Figure 5:
Schematic
diagram of
possible color
variation
Figure 6:
Diagram of color
adjustment
through phosphor
usage
TECHNOLOGY COLOR MATCHING
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
68
Technology Aspects for the
Smart Buildings Lighting
Controls Business
In the management summary of the latest memoori report, “Smart Buildings - The Lighting Controls,
it says that “2014 is a Good Time to be in the Lighting Controls Business”. Arno Grabher-Meyer from
LED professional takes a look at what this means in terms of the technical backgrounds and trends
investigated in in the memoori report.
It cannot be denied that lighting
in buildings is about to undergo
a rapid transformation as Light
Emitting Diodes (LED) become
the number one source of
light. LED offers a number of
significant benefits, with the
most important one being that it
consumes 75% less energy than
conventional sources and has a
much longer life.
Whats not so obvious is that the
transition to LEDs for lighting may
disrupt the rest of the building
automation (BAS) industry. This
is because other technologies
and trends are evolving at the
same time that could be woven
together in ways that would
turn concurrent evolutions into
one large revolution. Which
technologies and trends will lead
to a change that may result in
the emergence of new players
and new application delivery
mechanisms, is to be determined.
Impact of LED Lighting
LED lighting will be the number one
driver for lighting controls over the
next 10 years and beyond and will
have a massive influence on not just
the growth but the structure of the
lighting and lighting controls industry.
The future market for lighting controls
is strongly dependent on the demand
and penetration of LED lighting.
Projections of double digit market
growth, increases in the use of
integrated electronics, and mounting
opportunities related to smart control
and intelligent lighting have already
provoked significant transformation
across the value chain, and attracted
a multitude of new market entrants.
This fact per se shows a means of
existence for a controls manufacturer
already having products for the LED
lighting market or at least to release
such products in 2014.
However, the question which kinds of
products, which technology and
which LED lighting segment has to be
served now and in the future still has
to be answered.
Recognized Technology
Developments & Future
Trends Touched on in the
Report
The lighting controls market – like all
electronics based products –
continues to develop in line with
general advances in silicon and
software. Technology had already
moved significantly from analogue to
digital by 1996, although not
completely.
The “intelligence”’ within a lighting
control system has also moved
towards the light source (lamp) and the
sensor. This trend is particularly
illustrated by the growth of DALI based
control gear (and sensors), where
addressability is digitized as opposed
to the use of specific lighting control
module (LCM) ports.
There is also a tendency for lighting
controls suppliers to use established
standard’ protocols for higher-level
communications. The biggest change
over the last 10 years has been the
development of gateways that connect
almost all protocols to the Internet.
The control network is able to use the
building’s structured cabling (CAT5/6)
and access to the software can now
be web based.
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
69
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
For lighting controls there are five
major open standard protocols that are
commonly used and all these can
connect to the Internet. These include:
LON, KNX, DALI, DMX & CAN.
There are also moves to make lamps
addressable over Wi-Fi and, in effect
morphing towards the ‘Internet of
Things’ (IOT).
Much of the recent development work
in lighting controls has been devoted
to the “telemanagement” of street
lighting and lighting outside public
places, which, as a result of LED
lighting has created an enormous
demand. Both RF and mains borne
signaling have been tested and
developed for this market. Currently
the RF medium is preferred due to
difficulties in the way streetlights are
supplied and share their 230 V.
This application has required two
development strands; the hardware to
create the required networks and the
software to provide the asset
management, configuration, control
and monitoring facility. One of the
challenges has been to meet the
justified cost per street lamp for the
control equipment.
Future trends
The evolution of lighting over the next
10 years will be mostly about LEDs and
this will tend to have the most impact
on the development of lighting control
equipment. The ‘Internet of Things’
(IOT) will also be highly influential as
more and more devices will be able to
communicate with each other.
There is some debate about the use of
direct current wiring in lighting that
comes from the use of larger PSUs to
supply multiple LED sources. This
discussion arises because it is easier
to create long life, high quality drivers
for LEDs in the higher power ratings.
For example a 200 W unit might be
able to power 20 pieces of 10 W
fixtures each producing in excess of
1000 lumens (net). Adding intelligence
into PSU could well be economic and
this may have a significant effect on
wiring practices.
Another related approach under
debate is “Power over Ethernet” where
useful power (DC) is added to CAT5 or
CAT6 cabling to drive low wattage
loads, like LEDs.
From the lighting side there is
increasing evidence that varying
the color temperature of white light
may have benefits; both in the
workplace and in the home. This will
require controls of some sort to
change the apparent color of the
lighting fixture. Early tests with
fluorescent lighting used 2 sources –
allowing anything from 4,000 K to
17,000 K. Using LEDs makes this
simpler and much more controllable,
and – more importantly – efficient.
Figure 1:
In comparison
to the first
wired lighting
controls systems,
state-of-the-art
installations like
DALI already
simplify the wiring
structures
Figure 2:
EMerge Alliance is
one of the major
proponents for DC
grids, especially
for lighting. They
provide a clear
standard for the
wiring structure
as well as safety,
voltage, current
and power
requirements
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
70
Wireless (RF) control has been around
in lighting controls for some time;
however, the growth in street lighting
control has developed this technology
further. Combine this with the progress
already made by EnOcean and Zigbee
using low power wireless and the
importance of this medium cannot
be ignored.
We think that wireless is now at the
stage where it could deliver a reliable
and cost effective control system
that can open up the burgeoning
retrofit market.
There is also the potential to connect
smart phones and/or tablets to lighting
controls to give users access using
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. Looking at
developments in microelectronics,
the cost of really quite complex control
chips is falling. Philips has launched a
domestic” lighting product called
“hue”, which is based on a lamp that
can be addressed from a smart phone
or tablet via a network connected
bridge. There are, in effect, no
dedicated lighting controls; just a
smart device, color changing light
bulbs and a bridge.
Extrapolating this technology into the
non-domestic market is a logical
scenario that still fits the concept of
control systems that have their
intelligence in the lamp and the sensor
/ user control.
On the commercial side, the
introduction of LEDs has brought with
it new lighting companies as well as
opened opportunities for established
businesses. Verbatim – long known as
a provider of data storage solutions –
has entered the LED market offering
products based on developments from
Mitsubishi Chemical. Japanese
companies, Sharp, Panasonic and
Toshiba are all moving into lighting and
in Korea Samsung and LG have made
the same move.
Taking both technical and commercial
pressures into account the future for
lighting controls is both exciting and
could be very disruptive. Any new
research into the market will need to
explore a very changed business
landscape brought about by the
disruptive LED (and OLED) technology,
the progress of the ‘Internet of Things’
and the range of new players operating
in the market.
Wireless Controls
Although lighting control systems have
been shown to provide tremendous
benefits, many parts of the commercial
building market have been reluctant to
install them in anything but the most
basic configurations due to cost and
complexity of wired systems and the
disruption caused by their installation.
Many of these systems have added
costs due to labor, equipment and
wiring. Beyond the high cost of the
initial installation, the commissioning,
management and upkeep of these
systems has resulted in hesitation in
the market. Lighting has been
structured largely the same since the
time of Edison, but the addition of
lighting controls adds a new, unfamiliar
element (control wiring) to the system.
A new generation of lighting control
systems is eliminating these cost and
complexity concerns while increasing
system capabilities by removing the
dedicated control wiring. Through the
use of modern enterprise-class
wireless networking technology, the
difficult control wiring is eliminated,
allowing for system-wide controls
strategies without significant upgrades
to existing lights or added costs.
Wireless lighting control systems offer
full-featured control with added
flexibility, reliability, scalability, ease of
installation and use. And the cost of
Figure 3:
Philips with its
“hue” recognized
the spirit of
the times and
combined a
replacement lamp
with color tunable
functionality,
sufficient
luminous flux,
simple installation
and convenient
wireless controls
capabilities
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
72
wiring alone is incentive for many
building owners to look at wireless
systems: saving installation costs,
reducing copper wire use, and
improving payback time.
Mesh Networks
Wireless lighting systems are often
organized using ”mesh” architecture.
This means that each device in the
network can communicate with a
controller through at least two
pathways, and can relay messages for
its neighbors. Data is passed through
the wireless network from device to
device using the most reliable
communication links and most efficient
path until the destination is reached.
The mesh network is self-healing, in
that if any disruption occurs within the
network (such as a device failing),
data is automatically re-routed.
Mesh networks also provide self-
configuration - when a new device is
added (or an existing device is moved)
the network automatically works out
what type of device it is (e.g. router or
end device), where its neighbors are,
and determines the best path through
the network.
After devices are configured,
they regularly poll their neighbors to
collect information about signal
strength and possible errors so that
they can recalculate transmission
routes if required. The built-in
redundancy of having multiple
pathways available helps to make the
mesh network both robust and reliable.
However, as other technology
industries have repeatedly taught us in
the past, the path to progress leads to
the use of “open standards” for
communication. In open systems,
a manufacturer chooses an existing
communications language that is freely
available for development, and their
products can communicate directly
with other manufacturers’ products.
This way, each manufacturer can
concentrate on the products in their
area of expertise, rather than spending
resources and effort creating and
maintaining a proprietary language
for their products to speak.
Such lighting controls and compatible
devices exist today - and not all the
compatible devices are lighting-related.
For example, the popular ZigBee
wireless protocol includes devices of
all types, from sensors to switches to
plug load devices and thermostats.
This means that a ZigBee lighting
controls network, designed to manage
the hundreds or thousands of lighting
products in a building, can also
communicate with and potentially
manage the non-lighting devices.
This opens the door to that promise
mentioned earlier: a lighting network
providing the communications
infrastructure for the whole smart
building. Lighting controls could
provide the backbone for other
controls networks in buildings and
become the focal point for
convergence and integration.
The Impact of Integration &
IT Convergence
IT Convergence is the name that has
been given to the joining together of the
Enterprise Business in buildings with
the building technical infrastructures
through using the common
communications technology that
is now applied to all the IT functions.
If devices can now talk to each other
and exchange data and then this is
turned into actionable information
through analysis in relational databases
and artificial analysis software,
the performance and value of a
building can be greatly enhanced.
Further, if this information is shared
with that received from the business
enterprise then it is most likely that
further value can be added and new
services delivered.
This will require significant change in
the way that technical infrastructures
are engineered and installed.
Partnering with companies having
software and IT networks skills will
be vital. The technology that has
made this possible, XML and web
services, is being used today through
embedded web serving at the DDC
controller or the master PC,
and direct connection through the
internet or intranet.
Each technical infrastructure can be
designed without knowledge or
concern of the others, for provided
that they are web-enabled they can
transfer data at the management level.
This approach requires all the
stakeholders on the supply side to
work much closer together than they
do today and this will have a major
impact on the design and installation of
technical infrastructures in buildings.
The control of the buildings
environment through digital controls
was first applied to HVAC hardware
and is now referred to the Building
Energy Management System (BEMS).
But most BEMS systems today aren’t
wireless, so they don’t speak ZigBee,
mostly just BACnet. Lighting in most
buildings is the second largest energy
Figure 4:
Different wireless
systems like
EnOcean or
ZigBee offer a
mesh network
structure using
very compact
modules like this
ZigBee module
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
73
Issue 43 2014© 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
load but it easily represents the
greatest number of potential control
points, and they could be designed to
speak both ZigBee and BACnet.
Furthermore, most HAVAC systems still
lack smart controls, because ROI was
not very compelling. Lighting-Centric
projects will be motivated by LEDs and
will naturally incorporate wireless and
cloud technology. In some smaller
projects where heating and cooling
has been achieved through a
combination of chilled beams and
natural ventilation, bus-based lighting
controls have taken the responsibility
for controlling HVAC services. This
situation will mix the providers from
different areas.
Whatever changes take place in this
business; they will be in the general
scheme of evolutionary things.
However, an industry that has
experienced a slow and gradual
change for the last 30 years may well
be regarded by many players to be
cataclysmic.
Evaluation and
Interpretation of the
Findings
While none of all the recognized future
trends is completely unknown, it is
conclusive that the selected ones are
promising candidates that they will
benefit from the introduction of LED
lighting because they are all adding
some value to an LED lighting system.
But two candidates stand out from
the others; direct current wiring and
wireless. Both are explained in greater
detail in the report.
Direct current wiring, propagated
as DC grids is truly a huge topic,
not only for LED lighting, but in general.
While the dimensions are not
currently completely clear, if an
approach on a room, building, local,
regional or even global level should
be targeted – most specialists agree
that DC grids will allow energy saving
compared to the currently
established AC grid. The main reason
is not that AC converters were much
less efficient per se, but - as argued
in the report - converters for higher
loads (within a reasonable range) may
be designed more cost-effectively
when using high quality components.
Such topologies can be equipped
with useful intelligence, leading to
more efficient products with added
value. DC grids finally have certain
advantages when alternative energy
sources like photovoltaic, wind
energy, or fuel cells are used. Solid
state lighting is certainly a technology
that supports these trends, but it will
take time because this DC grid
technology is mainly applicable for
newly built systems and only partly
applicable in existing infrastructures.
It is hard to predict how fast this
approach will pick up speed, but it is
an interesting mid and long term
strategy to keep in mind.
As a counterpart, wireless controls
systems using ZigBee, EnOcean or
Bluetooth can be applied very well in
replacement solutions. The future
seems to be wireless. Continuously
increasing labor costs increase the
initial costs of wired installations while
the costs for a wireless system
decrease. In turn, capabilities increase
rapidly due to fast technical progress.
Furthermore, it perfectly supports
the trend leading to the Internet of
Things (IoT). New sensor technologies
like energy harvesting self-powered
sensors and smaller components also
perfectly match with this technology.
But currently, there are still some
drawbacks to be overcome. Too many
proprietary and incompatible systems
are entering the market, confusing the
end-user and discouraging some of
them to invest in such a system. It may
also look like the technology is, for the
most part, interesting for residential
use or just a small number of
applications. But this will probably
change quickly. Clever marketing
strategies like the introduction of the
Philips hue via Apple stores so as to
reach technology freaks and financially
potent clients first followed by making
the product available through other
channels after “awaking the desire”
will probably speed up propagation
of the technology.
Meanwhile, mesh networks are almost
standard in wireless communication.
Some of the most important wireless
solutions like ZigBee and EnOcean
support this structure. The advantage
of this structure is that they support the
integration of other home automation
and energy management tasks into the
system. Therefore it seems relatively
obvious that systems that are built on
this technology are the first choice to
be combined with LED lighting. This
leads to a win-win situation for both
technologies.
IT convergence and integration is
certainly one important key for modern
and affordable building structures and
management. Only interconnected
systems can maximize energy saving
further while being economic.
For example, why should numerous
presence sensors for different systems
Figure 5:
Currently
a building
infrastructure
is based on
numerous
separate signals
and control
environments.
Centered on an
open standard
building network,
the future
structure should
(based on an
electronic system
convergence)
be based on a
unified digital
signal and control
environment
(Credits:
Cisco & NSCA
Convergence
Summit)
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
74
like lighting and ventilation be
necessary? The shared information
from one sensor would be sufficient.
Why should two different networks be
used for IT and building management
(except in very critical cases like
banks)? And so on. Luminaires are
relatively evenly distributed in a
building. Modern lighting systems
should be networked lighting systems
and therefore ideally suited to take over
information transfer of other building
management systems and even
conventional IT. There may be data
integrity issues. But they can be
solved for most users. Ecological
and economic pressure makes the
step in this direction almost inevitable.
The argumentation and conclusion
of the report is therefore logical:
New players will appear in the domains
of building automation, lighting controls
and IT.
Someone may now argue that “Power
over Ethernet” (PoE) is also very
interesting and innovative but was
ignored in this section. PoE definitely
lacks universal applicability. It is limited
to 36 W per line and due to the thin
wires huge losses of 4.4 W per 100 m.
Therefore it may play a role for some
applications, but certainly not if higher
power needs to be distributed over
longer distances.
Conclusions
LED technology has already caused a
major disruption in the lighting industry
and the lighting controls business
which used to be separate. This will
certainly require reconsidering and
adapting current business models.
This all happens in combination with
two other megatrends, the accelerating
use of wireless network technology
and the rapid migration to web-
based applications and services.
The resulting (r)evolution may be
slowed down by the current supply
structure and distribution network of
the lighting industry, but not stopped.
Whilst the case for retrofitting buildings
with LED lighting has become very
compelling it needs wireless
technology in order to bring down the
installation cost and improve the return
on investment in the building energy
management market. Entering other
application and technology domains is
a challenge for engineers as well as for
sales and marketing people and
certainly needs some adaptation of the
whole logistics structure. But it may
open a great business opportunity.
Acknowledgements:
LED professional wants to thank Jim and Allan P. McHale for providing the report “Smart Buildings: The Lighting
Controls Business 2013 to 2017”, and giving their permission to use parts of it for this article. Besides the technology
aspects, the authors Jim and Allan P. McHale also analyzed drivers and barriers, the supply structure & distribution
channels, business models, and mergers and alliances. To learn more about this and other memoori reports, please
visit http://www.memoori.com/research/.
Figure 6:
Some SSL module
manufacturers
like Xicato already
recognized the
trends shown
in the report
and introduced
intelligent
modules including
wireless controls
options at Light +
Building 2014
SPECIAL TOPIC SMART LIGHTING CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES
HV9805 HIGH VOLTAGE LED DRIVER
Supertex HV9805 driver IC is specifically targeted at driving LED lamps and
LED fixtures with a true DC current. This simple and low cost driver circuit
includes a PFC boost stage and a linear regulator: the boost stage for generating
a source of high voltage for driving a high voltage LED string and a linear
regulator for regulating the LED to a constant value.
Contact Supertex for more info: mktg@supertex.com
Issue 43 2014 © 2014 LUGER RESEARCH e.U.
76
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Cover-page
Artwork: Thomas Klobassa,
©LED professional 2014
Main Image: Arno Grabher-Meyer,
LED professional
Product: BJB “twist-lock” module
system (holder/module/reflector)
BJB’s latest LED module system consists
of a holder that supports optimized
contact between the module with thermal
interface and the heat sink, and easy to
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Next LpR
Design & Reliability
Issue 44 - July/Aug 2014 -
Short Overview
Optics:
Discomfort Glare Perception of
Non-Uniform Light Sources
With the introduction of LEDs in
general lighting, the discussion of
discomfort glare perception gained
renewed attention. Although the
Unified Glare Rating (UGR) is widely
adopted for glare assessment,
disagreement exists on how to
evaluate non-uniform sources.
The latest research results showed
that point array LED luminaires
provoke more discomfort glare than
uniform sources. In these cases the
UGR currently used is a bad
predictor. The article discusses the
results and why a redefinition of the
glare index may be necessary.
Electronics:
How To Power and Protect
LEDs Properly
LEDs have already become the
lighting source of choice in general
lighting for most applications.
However, it still isn’t completely
clear how to power them properly
and how to protect them from the
hazards they face within their
respective implementations. The
background and two solutions for
protecting LEDs in the electronics
design will be explained.
Electronics:
Fast and Final – Time to Market
Reduction for Cost-Effective AC
LED Driver ICs
There are many different circuit
topologies for AC LED driver ICs.
Apart from finding the most suitable
circuit topology, designers face
other challenges such as bill of
material limits, ESD targets and
aggressive time to market
requirements. This paper reviews
common AC LED driver topologies.
Features such as PFC or dimming in
the context of a new application
specific analog library utilizing
X-FAB Semiconductor Foundries
350 nm low cost ultra-high-voltage
CMOS technology will also be
reviewed. In addition, the article
will highlight how this type of
silicon proven analog library can
help mitigate some of the
critical challenges and risks
for designers.
subject to change
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