Mail Scanner Milter Guide
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MailScanner 5.1.3-3 Milter Configuration Guide 1.5 March 3rd, 2019 Shawn Iverson shawniverson@efa-project.org 1 Copyright © 2018-2019 MailScanner Project This guide is based on the implementation of MailScanner as of Version 5.1.3. 2 I would like to gratefully acknowledge all the support and assistance provided by the following organizations: 3 This guide is dedicated to the continuing persistence and dedication of all people who fight bad email day in and day out worldwide. 4 Introduction How the MailScanner Milter Works Unlike previous versions of MailScanner, MailScanner 5.1.3+ introduces a milter daemon for postfix. MailScanner still functions normally for all Message Transfer Agents (MTAs) and can run as it always has prior to this version. This optional functionality for MailScanner provides a Postfix compatible interface with MailScanner to process and scan email, and it will likely evolve with additional functionality in the future. Use of the milter decouples MailScanner from Postfix, so the Postfix queues are untouched, and MailScanner can operate independently with its own milter queues. This is MailScanner Milter version 1.5, fifth release. The MailScanner Milter has reached maturity and is considered to be stable as of this release. Additional features will likely be added in the future. This documentation will be updated to reflect the current status of the MailScanner Milter. On the next page you will find a diagram that demonstrates the mail flow in the MailScanner Milter in conjunction with MailScanner itself. 5 MailScanner Milter Process Diagram Fig. 1. 6 The milter interfaces with Postfix to capture the incoming email conversation and either REJECT, DISCARD, TMPFAIL, or ACCEPT. A REJECT can occur if the Milter Scanner is enabled and an email is blacklisted. TMPFAIL may occur if the milter cannot write to the disk (such as out of disk space or an access denied). ACCEPT is fired upon a localhost connection relaying email. A DISCARD, the most common response, tells Postfix to ACCEPT but silently drop the message. At the same time, the milter has written the message to /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin. The DISCARD technique supports large volumes of email for bulk scanning, but it neglects to send any sort of REJECT back along the pipeline as well as TMPFAIL in the event that the internal destination is unavailable. A future version of the milter may support “Full Milter Scanner” mode in which traditional MailScanner is turned off and the Milter does all scanning, returning REJECTS and TMPFAILS at the expense of sacrificing bulk scanning for those who need this functionality and have lighter workloads. 7 Installation and Configuration Installing MailScanner To obtain MailScanner Milter support, ensure your system meets the minimum system requirements and that the following is true: MailScanner >= version 5.1.3-1 Postfix >= 2.3 Sendmail::PMilter perl module (compiled automatically from CPAN if not installed) Initial Configuration If you just installed MailScanner, you need to configure from scratch. Here’s what you need to set to get basic MailScanner functional on your system. /etc/MailScanner/defaults run_mailscanner=1 /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf %org-name% = myorgname %org-long-name% = my org name Run As User = postfix | mail Run As Group = postfix | mail 8 In additon to the configs, set the proper permisssions on the spool directories (use Run As User and Run As Group set above). # chown -R postfix:postfix /var/spool/postfix # chown -R postfix:mtagroup /var/spool/MailScanner Configuring MailScanner for Milter Mode To enable milter mode, edit /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf and change the following: Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/MailScanner/milterout MTA = msmail MSMail Queue Type = short | long Milter Scanner = yes | no Use the queue type that matches postfix and choose whether the Milter Scanner is enabled (REJECT blacklisted emails). Ensure that the /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin and /var/spool/ MailScanner/milterout directories are present and are owned by postfix (the MailScanner Run As user). On debian-based systems, the user may be mail instead of postfix. # mkdir -p /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin # mkdir -p /var/spool/MailScanner/milterout # chown postfix:mtagroup /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin # chown postfix:mtagroup /var/spool/MailScanner/milterout 9 Using SMTP Delivery Method To use SMTP as the delivery method after scanning mail, make sure the following settings are in effect in /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf: MSMail Delivery Method = SMTP MSMail Relay Port = 25 MSMail Relay Address = 127.0.0.1 You can also deliver mail to a MTA on another system. Adjust the address accordingly. If you use a loopback address, this line must be set to yes: Milter Ignore Loopback = yes Using QMQP Delivery Method QMQP has distinct advantages over SMTP. Ignoring the loopback in the milter is not required when everything is on a single host, allowing messages submitted locally via loopback to also pass through MailScanner. QMQP is also faster since mail is immediately queued and bypasses most SMTP checks that have already been performed prior to scanning the mail. Using QMQP With a Unix Socket Using a Unix socket is ideal for a single node installation. To enable QMQP via a Unix socket, configure postfix as follows. In /etc/postfix/master.cf, add or edit the following line: qmqp 10 unix n - n - - qmqpd In /etc/postfix/main.cf, add the following line: qmqpd_authorized_clients = 127.0.0.1 In /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf: MSMail Delivery Method = QMQP MSMail Socket Type = unix MSMail Socket Dir = /var/spool/postfix/public/qmqp Milter Ignore Loopback = no Using QMQP With an Inet Socket Alternatively, you can use QMQP via an ip address and port. This is ideal for clusters where email is submitted to a common and dedicated QMQP relay. In /etc/postfix/master.cf, add or edit the following line: 628 inet n - n - - qmqpd In /etc/postfix/main.cf, add the following line: qmqpd_authorized_clients = 127.0.0.1 When using a centralized QMQP relay, adjust the ip addresses accordingly for your MailScanner relays. In /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf: MSMail Delivery Method = QMQP MSMail Socket Type = inet MSMail Relay Port = 628 MSMail Relay Address = 127.0.0.1 11 Milter Ignore Loopback = no Again, if you are using a centralized QMQP relay, adjust the relay address accordingly. Configuring Postfix for Milter Mode If /etc/postfix/header_checks contains the following line, remove it: /^Received: / HOLD Add the following to /etc/postfix/header_checks to remove the localhost received header that postfix adds during local SMTP relay (optional). Replacewith your host (without < >) as it appears in the Received header after delivery. This is important to ensure that you do not accidentally remove an external Received header. /^Received:\ from\ \ \(localhost\ \[127.0.0.1/ IGNORE /^Received:\ from\ \ \(localhost\ \[::1/ IGNORE Add the following to /etc/postfix/main.cf: smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:33333 (note, if you have multiple smtp milters, make sure this is the last milter listed as it will interrupt other milters) 12 Enable and restart everything. (systemd) # systemctl enable postfix # systemctl restart postfix # systemctl enable mailscanner # systemctl restart mailscanner # systemctl enable msmilter # systemctl restart msmilter (init) # chkconfig postfix on # service postfix restart # chkconfig mailscanner on # service mailscanner restart # chkconfig msmilter on # service msmilter restart 13 Troubleshooting Services are running, but incoming mail receives a TMPFAIL. Observe the maillog for incoming mail to see why the TMPFAIL is occurring. Most likely causes are the following: • /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin is not writable • selinux or apparmor is enabled and not configured properly to allow access to milterin • Missing configuration parameters in MailScanner.conf • Postfix misconfiguration Services won’t start. Examine the logs to determine the cause of failure. Most common causes include: • Missing required perl modules • Typo or misconfiguration in MailScanner.conf • /etc/MailScanner/defaults not configured and run_mailscanner=1 not set /var/spool/MailScanner/milterin is filling up, MailScanner not processing the email. Common causes: • MailScanner is not running or misconfigured ◦ Using “postfix” instead of “msmail” for the MTA • selinux or apparmor aren’t allowing MailScanner to read files 14 • Partial messages are being written to milterin (examine a message file for completeness of headers and body) ◦ MailScanner will report INVALID messages found if this is occurring in the maillog. ◦ Firewall or IDS upstream is ending the email conversation prematurely and/or mangling the messages /var/spool/MailScanner/milterout is filling up but is not being delivered Again, examine the maillog for cause of failure. Ensure that postfix is running, listening, and accepting messages (default port is 25 on localhost). Ensure that MailScanner can read and access the milterout directory. Debugging the Milter To enable debug mode, edit /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf: Debug = yes Restart msmilter for debug mode to turn on and received detailed milter logging to the mail log. Remember to set Debug = no when done and restart msmilter again. Debugging the MSMail MailScanner Processor 15 After enabling debug mode, stop mailscanner, and run /usr/sbin/MailScanner as root. MailScanner will process a message and exit, writing detailed logging to the mail log. Remember to set Debug = no before starting the mailscanner daemon again. 16
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