Manual EarlyDsgn2000 Early Dsgn2000
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User Manual
COCOMO II.2000
Early Design Model
Spreadsheet Implementation
(Microsoft Excel 1997)
Center for Software Engineering
University of Southern California
CSE
USC
CSE
USC
0
Manual for the Spread Sheets of Early Design Model
I Explanation of Spreadsheet …………………………………………………………... 1
EarlyDsgn ………………………………………………………………………...… 2
Scale Factors
PREC ………………………………………………………………………….. 5
FLEX ………………………………………………………………………….. 5
RESL ………………………………………………………………………….. 5
TEAM………………………………………………………………………….. 6
PMAT………………………………………………………………………….. 6
PMAT Eval …………………………………………………………….. 6
Group Of Personnel Capability
PERS………………………………………………..………………………….. 7
ACAP ………………………………………………………………….. 7
PCAP ………………………………………………………………..... 7
PCON ………………………………………………………………….. 8
Group Of Product
RCPX …………………………………………………………………………. 9
RELY ………………………………………………………………….. 9
DATA .……………………………………………………………….. 9
CPLX .……………………………………………………………….. 10
DOCU ………………………………………………………..………. 10
Group Of Required Reuse
RUSE …………………………………………………………………………. 11
Group Of Platform Difficulty
PDIF ……………….…………………………………….………...………….
TIME ..………………………….……………………………..………. 12
STOR ……………………………….………………………..….……. 12
PVOL ……………………………….………………………..……….. 13
Group Of Personnel Experiences
PREX …………………………………………………………………………. 15
APEX …………………………………………….…………..………. 15
PLEX …………………………………….…………………..………. 15
LTEX ………………………………….……………………..………. 16
Group Of Facilities
FCIL …………………………………………………………………………. 17
TOOL ……..…………………………………………………..………. 17
SITE … ………………………………………………………..………. 17
Group Of Schedule
SCED …………………………………………………………………………. 19
II. Relationship Of the Spreadsheets ………………………………………………….. 20
1
I. Explanation of COCOMO Spreadsheet Manual for Early Design Model
There are 29 spreadsheets in this COCOMO Spreadsheet Early Design Model.
The users can find the following information at this manual.
• the functions of each spreadsheet
• the functions and operations of some specific cells
• the specific linkages of the factors in the spreadsheets
The Sources Of The Rating Values And The Formula
Rating Values : COCOMO manual
Sunita Chulani
Formula : COCOMO Manual
2
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This section contains Scale Factors : PREC, FLEX, RESL, TEAM, and PMAT.
For the full titles and the explanations of above factors, please check COCOMO II
manual.
The Scale Values are linked to the spreadsheet of the specific Scale Factor individually.
All the results are from the input of each file of each factor. Users can go to each file of
each factor to change the values.
The buffer values of the scales of each factor are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
PREC 6.20 4.96 3.72 2.48 1.24 0.00
FLEX 5.07 4.05 3.04 2.03 1.01 0.00
RESL 7.07 5.65 4.24 2.83 1.41 0.00
TEAM 5.48 4.38 3.29 2.19 1.10 0.00
PMAT 7.80 6.24 4.68 3.12 1.56 0.00
SF
The SF formula is PREC+FLEX+RESL+TEAM+PMAT
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The formula is as follows.
B= 0.91+ 0.01*(PREC+FLEX+RESL+TEAM+PMAT)
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This section contains PERS, RCPX, RUSE, PDIF, PREX, FCIL, and SCED.
For the full titles, and the explanations of above factors, please check COCOMO II
manual.
The values of the scales are linked to files of the factors individually.
EarlyDsgn
Scale value
Scale Factor Rating Result
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High Result
PREC 6.20 4.96 3.72 2.48 1.24 0.00 6.20
FLEX 5.07 4.05 3.04 2.03 1.01 0.00 4.05
RESL 7.07 5.65 4.24 2.83 1.41 0.00 7.07
TEAM 5.48 4.38 3.29 2.19 1.10 0.00 5.48
PMAT 7.80 6.24 4.68 3.12 1.56 0.00 7.80
3
The COCOMO II-2000 calibrated values of the scales of each factor are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
PERS 2.12 1.62 1.26 1.00 0.83 0.63 0.50
RCPX 0.49 0.60 0.83 1.00 1.33 1.91 2.72
RUSE ----- ----- 0.95 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.24
PDIF ----- ----- 0.87 1.00 1.29 1.81 2.61
PREX 1.59 1.33 1.12 1.00 0.87 0.74 0.62
FCIL 1.43 1.30 1.10 1.00 0.87 0.73 0.62
SCED ----- 1.43 1.14 1.00 1.00 1.00 -----
EM
EM= PERS*RCPX*RUSE*PDIF*PREX*FCIL*SCED
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The area within C37, I37, I51, and C51 is for the reference of EM grade.
Each Early Design Model EM is evaluated mainly by some other detail factors.
PERS is evaluated by ACAP, PCAP, PCON. This is the group of factors for evaluating
Personnel Capability.
RCPX is evaluated by RELY, DATA, CPLX, DOCU. This is the group of factors for
evaluating Product.
RUSE is evaluated by RUSE. This is the factor for evaluating Required Reuse.
PDIF is evaluated by TIME STOR PVOL. This is the group of factors for evaluating
Platform Difficulty.
PREX is evaluated by APEX, PLEX, LTEX. This is the group of factors for evaluating
Personnel Experiences.
FCIL is evaluated by TOOL and SITE. This is the group of factors for evaluating
facilities.
SCED is evaluated by SCED. This is the factor for evaluating Schedule.
This section contains the grades linked from each file of the evaluate factors.
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PM formula
PM=EM*A*[(1=BRAK/100)*SIZE]B+[(ASLOC*AT/100)/ATPROD]
EM Cost drivers that have a multiplicative effect on predicting effort are called Effort
Multipliers (EM). Each EM has a rating level that expresses the impact of the
multiplier on development effort, PM. These rating can range from Extra Low to
Extra High. For the purposes of quantitative analysis, each rating level of each EM
has a weight associated with it. The nominal or average weight for an EM is 1.0. If a
4
rating level causes more software development effort, then its corresponding EM
weight is above 1.0. Conversely, if the rating level reduces the effort then the
corresponding EM weight is less than 1.0. The selection of effort-multipliers is based
on a strong rationale that they would independently explain a significant source of
project effort or productivity variation.
A is a constant. The buffer value is set as 2.94.
BRAK should be input by the users. COCOMO II uses a breakage percentage, BRAK, to
adjust the effective size of the product. Breakage reflects the requirements
volatility in a project. It is the percentage of code thrown away due to
requirements changes. For example, a project which delivers 100,000
instructions but discards the equivalent of an additional 20,000 instructions has a
BRAK value of 20. This would be used to adjust the project’s effective size to
120,000 instructions for a COCOMO II estimation
SIZE should be input by the users.
B is the sum of project scale factors. It is linked from result at B Section in this
spreadsheet.
ASLOC should be input by the users. It is use to estimate the amount of code to be
adapted
AT should be input by the users.
ATPROC should be input by the users.
PM is the estimated person-months with the SCED effort multiplier
’EM is the result of the calculation of EM without SCED.
’PM is the estimated person-months without the SCED effort multiplier
TDEV is the calendar time in months from the determination of a product’s requirements
baseline to the completion of an acceptance activity certifying that the product
satisfies its requirements. The formula is [3.67*'PM(0.28+0.2*(B-1.01))]*SCED%/100
5
SCALE FACTORS
Type : Scale Factor
The spreadsheet contains the features of PREC and the evaluation rates.
Features of Evaluate PREC : Users should select ratings by type "xxxx" under each
selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
SUM : The SUM of the results would be calculated and presented next to "SUM".
Your rating : According to the SUM, the users can choose the rating value from the scale
list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The selected rating values are
overridable in the purple cells.
The COCOMO II-1998 calibrated values of the scales of PREC are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
PREC 6.20 4.96 3.72 2.48 1.24 0.00
PREC (B37): The selected value of PREC is shown next to "PREC" on this page and one
the EarlyDsgn summary worksheet "selected value" column for PREC.
Type : Scale Factor
The spreadsheet contains the features of FLEX and the evaluation rates.
Features of Evaluate FLEX : Users should select ratings by type "xxxx" under each
selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
SUM : The SUM of the results would be calculated and presented next to "SUM".
Your rating : According to the SUM, the users can choose the rating value from the scale
list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The selected rating values are
overridable in the purple cells.
The COCOMO II-1998 calibrated values of the scales of FLEX are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
FLEX 5.07 4.05 3.04 2.03 1.01 0.00
FLEX (B33) : The selected value of FLEX is shown next to "FLEX" on this page and one
the EarlyDsgn summary worksheet "selected value" column for FLEX.
Type : Scale Factor
The spreadsheet contains the features of RESL and the evaluation rates.
Features of Evaluate PREC : Users should select ratings by type "xxxx" under each
selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
SUM : The SUM of the results would be calculated and presented next to "SUM".
Your rating : According to the SUM, the users can choose the rating value from the scale
list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The selected rating values are
overridable in the purple cells.
PREC
FLEX
RESL
6
The COCOMO II-1998 calibrated values of the scales of RESL are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
RESL 7.07 5.65 4.24 2.83 1.41 0.00
RESL (B61) : The selected value of RESL is shown next to "RESL" on this page and one
the EarlyDsgn summary worksheet "selected value" column for RESL.
Type : Scale Factor
The spreadsheet contains the features of TEAM and the evaluation rates.
Features of Evaluate PREC : Users should select ratings by type "xxxx" under each
selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
SUM : The SUM of the results would be calculated and presented next to "SUM".
Your rating : According to the SUM, the users can choose the rating value from the scale
list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate The selected rating values are
overridable in the purple cells.
The COCOMO II-1998 calibrated values of the scales of TEAM are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
TEAM 5.48 4.38 3.29 2.19 1.10 0.00
TEAM (B37) : The selected value of TEAM is shown next to "TEAM" on this page and
one the EarlyDsgn summary worksheet "selected value" column for TEAM.
Type : Scale Factor
The spreadsheet contains PMAT evaluation rates.
Features of Evaluate PMAT : Users should select ratings by type "xxxx" under each
selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The COCOMO II-1998 calibrated values of the scales of PMAT are listed as follows.
Very Low Low Norm High Very High Extra High
PMAT 7.80 6.24 4.68 3.12 1.56 0.00
PMAT is not applied to some specific situations, such as some short-term student
projects. We suggest the users put 9.36 as the value of "for not apply" in PMAT.
Your rating : The users can choose the rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx"
under the selected rate. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple
cells.
PMAT (B12) : The selected value of PMAT is shown next to "PMAT" on this page and
one the EarlyDsgn summary worksheet "selected value" column for PMAT.
PMAT
TEAM
7
PMAT Eval is to assist to evaluate PMAT. It is the sub-spreadsheet for PMAT.
The spreadsheet contains the PMAT features, Key Process Areas, and the evaluation
rates.
Rating : The users can choose the rating value from the scale list by typing "x" in the
selected rate of each feature. The selected rate would be presented at rating
column.
PMAT Eval
8
GROUP OF PERSONNEL CAPABILITY
It is mainly evaluated by PERS. PERS can be evaluated by ACAP, PCAP, and PCON.
Type : Effort Multiplier
PERS is the main EM factor in Early Design Model. It could be evaluated by ACAP,
PCAP, and PCON detail factors.
The spreadsheet contains PERS features and the its evaluation rates.
ACAP (B8): It is linked from the result of ACAP spreadsheet.
PCAP(C8): It is linked from the result of PCAP spreadsheet.
PCON(D8) : It is linked from the result of PCON spreadsheet.
TOTAL (F8) : The sum of ACAP, PCAP, and PCON.
Alternative : There are two alternatives to assist to evaluate PERS. The users can use
either one of them. In either one alternative, users should select ratings by type "xxxx"
under each selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
Rating : After considering the ratings in the selected alternative, the users can choose the
rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate The selected
rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The COCOMO II-2000 calibrated values of the scales of PERS are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
PERS 2.12 1.62 1.26 1.00 0.83 0.63 0.50
PERS Eval
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
ACAP helps to evaluate PERS Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating ACAP by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
ACAP (B10) : It is linked from G8. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
PCAP helps to evaluate PERS Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating PCAP by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
PCAP (B24) : It is linked from G22. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
PERS
ACAP
PCAP
9
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
PCON helps to evaluate PERS Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating PCON by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
PCON (B36) : It is linked from G34. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
PCON
10
GROUP OF PRODUCT
It is mainly evaluated by RCPX. RCPX can be evaluated by RELY, DATA, CPLX, and
DOCU.
Type : Effort Multiplier
RCPX is the main EM factor in Early Design Model. It could be evaluated by RELY,
DATA, CPLX and DOCU detail factors.
The spreadsheet contains RCPX features and the its evaluation rates.
RELY (B9): It is linked from the result of RELY spreadsheet.
DATA(C9): It is linked from the result of DATA spreadsheet.
CPLX(D9) : It is linked from the result of CPLX spreadsheet.
DOCU(E9) : It is linked from the result of DOCU spreadsheet.
TOTAL (G9) : The sum of RELY, DATA, CPLX and DOCU.
Alternative : There are two alternatives to assist to evaluate RCPX. The users can use
either one of them. In either one alternative, users should select ratings by type
"xxxx" under each selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the
purple cells.
Rating : After considering the ratings in the selected alternative, the users can choose the
rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The
selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of RCPX are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
RCPX 0.49 0.60 0.83 1.00 1.33 1.91 2.72
RCPX Eval - CPLX
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
RELY helps to evaluate RCPX Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating RELY by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
RELY (B11) : It is linked from G9. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
DATA helps to evaluate RCPX Early Design Model.
RCPX
RELY
DATA
11
Rating : After evaluating DATA by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
DATA (B25) : It is linked from G23. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
DOCU helps to evaluate RCPX Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating DOCU by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
DOCU (B37) : It is linked from G35. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
CPLX
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
CPLX helps to evaluate RCPX Early Design Model.
CPLX spreadsheet contains CPLX features and the its evaluation rates.
Rating : After evaluating CPLX by its features, the users should select the ratings by type
"xxxx" under the selected values. The selected rating values are overridable in
the purple cells.
SUM (B64) : It is the sum of the rating grades.
Rating : Based on the SUM and the suggested ratings, the users should select a rating
value (from B68 to L68) by type "xxxx" under the selected value. The result
would be presented at M67 and M68.
CPLX (B70) : It is linked from M68. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
DOCU
CPLX
12
GROUP OF REQUIRED REUSE
It is mainly evaluated by RUSE.
Type : Effort Multiplier.
RUSE spreadsheet contains RUSE features and the its evaluation rates.
Evaluation : At the orange area, the users can evaluate the RUSE by its feature. Then, the
users select the rating value by typing "xxxx" under the selected rating. The value
would be presented at G9 and G10. This value is also linked to Reference Section
at the first spreadsheet in this spreadsheet tool.
Rating : The users can choose the rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under
the selected rate. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of RUSE are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
RUSE ----- ----- 0.95 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.24
RUSE
13
GROUP OF PLATFORM DIFFICULTY
It is mainly evaluated by PDIF. PDIF can be evaluated by TIME, STOR, and PVOL.
Type : Effort Multiplier
PDIF is the effort multiplier for evaluating platform difficulty. It can be evaluated by
TIME, STOR, and PVOL.
PDIF spreadsheet contains PDIF features and the its evaluation rates.
TIME (B7): It is linked from the result of TIME spreadsheet.
STOR (C7): It is linked from the result of STOR spreadsheet.
PVOL (D7) : It is linked from the result of PVOL spreadsheet.
TOTAL (F7) : The sum of TIME,STOR, and PVOL.
Alternative : There are two alternatives to assist to evaluate PDIF. The users can use
either one of them. In either one alternative, users should select ratings by type
"xxxx" under each selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the
purple cells.
Rating : After considering the ratings in the selected alternative, the users can choose the
rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate The
selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of PDIF are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
PDIF ----- ----- 0.87 1.00 1.29 1.81 2.61
PDIF Eval
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
TIME helps to evaluate PDIF Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating TIME by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
TIME (B11) : It is linked from G9. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
STOR helps to evaluate PDIF Early Design Model.
PDIF
TIME
STOR
14
Rating : After evaluating STOR by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
STOR (B23) : It is linked from G21. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
PVOL helps to evaluate PDIF Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating PVOL by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
PVOL (B38) : It is linked from G36. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
PVOL
15
GROUP OF PERSONNEL EXPERIENCES
It is mainly evaluated by PREX. PREX can be evaluated by APEX, PLEX, and LTEX.
Type : Effort Multiplier.
PREX is the effort multiplier for evaluating platform difficulty. It could be evaluated by
APEX, PLEX, and LTEX.
PREX spreadsheet contains PREX features and the its evaluation rates.
APEX (B7): It is linked from the result of APEX spreadsheet.
PLEX (C7): It is linked from the result of PLEX spreadsheet.
LTEX (D7) : It is linked from the result of LTEX spreadsheet.
TOTAL (F7) : The sum of APEX, PLEX, and LTEX.
Alternative : There are two alternatives to assist to evaluate PREX. The users can use
either one of them. In either one alternative, users should select ratings by type
"xxxx" under each selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the
purple cells.
Rating : After considering the ratings in the selected alternative, the users can choose the
rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The
selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of PREX are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
PREX 1.59 1.33 1.12 1.00 0.87 0.74 0.62
PREX Eval
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
APEX helps to evaluate PREX Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating APEX by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
APEX (B12) : It is linked from G10. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
PLEX helps to evaluate PREX Early Design Model.
PREX
APEX
PLEX
16
Rating : After evaluating PLEX by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
PLEX (B24) : It is linked from G22. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
LTEX helps to evaluate PREX Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating LTEX by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
LTEX (B36) : It is linked from G34. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
LTEX
17
GROUP OF FACILITIES
It is mainly evaluated by FCIL. FCIL can be evaluated by TOOL, and SITE.
Type : Effort Multiplier.
FCIL is the effort multiplier for evaluating platform difficulty. It could be evaluated by
TOOL, and SITE.
FCIL spreadsheet contains FCIL features and the its evaluation rates.
TOOL (B7): It is linked from the result of TOOL spreadsheet.
SITE (C7): It is linked from the result of SITE spreadsheet.
TOTAL (F7) : The sum of TOOL and SITE.
Alternative : There are two alternatives to assist to evaluate FCIL. The users can use
either one of them. In either one alternative, users should select ratings by type
"xxxx" under each selected value. The selected rating values are overridable in the
purple cells.
Rating : After considering the ratings in the selected alternative, the users can choose the
rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under the selected rate. The
selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of FCIL are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
FCIL 1.43 1.30 1.10 1.00 0.87 0.73 0.62
FCIL Eval
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
TOOL helps to evaluate FCIL Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating TOOL by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
TOOL (B14) : It is linked from G12. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
Type : Reference Effort Multiplier
SITE helps to evaluate FCIL Early Design Model.
Rating : After evaluating SITE by its feature, the users should select the rating by type
"xxxx" under the selected value. The selected rating value is overridable in the
purple cell.
FCIL
TOOL
SITE
18
SITE (B30) : It is linked from G28. This value is linked to be presented in EarlyDsgn
spreadsheet.
19
GROUP OF SCHEDULE
It is mainly evaluated by SCED.
Type : Effort Multiplier.
SCED spreadsheet contains SCED features and the its evaluation rates.
Evaluation : At the orange areas, the users can evaluate the SCED by its features. Then,
the users select the rating values by typing "xxxx" under the selected rating. The
values would be presented at G6, G7, H13, and H14. This value at H14 is also
linked to Reference Section at the first spreadsheet in this spreadsheet tool.
Rating : The users can choose the rating value from the scale list by typing "xxxx" under
the selected rate. The selected rating values are overridable in the purple cells.
The buffer values of the scales of SCED are listed as follows.
Extra
Low Very
Low Low Nominal High Very
High Extra
High
SCED ----- 1.43 1.14 1.00 1.00 1.00 -----
SCED
20
II. The Relationship Of The Spreadsheets
EarlyDsgn
B
PREC FLEX RESL TEAM PMAT
RCPX RUSE PRESPDIF PREX SCED FCIL
RELY DATA CPLX
TIME STOR PVOL
DOCU LTEX PLEX APEX
ACAP PCAP PCON
SITETOOL
PMAT Eval
