Micro Chroma_68_Oct79 Chroma 68 Oct79
User Manual: MicroChroma_68_Oct79
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10-1-79
AN - XXX
MICRO CHROMA 68
THE· NEW "BUG"
FROM MOTOROLA
TVBUG ®
1
MOS Microcomputer Systems Applications
Austin, Texas
Prepared By
Tim Ahrens
Jack Browne
Monitor written by John Dumas
The information contained in this application note allows the construction of a
low cost development system. Object code (machine language) programs may be
entered from the keyboard or loaded from audio cassette tapes and be debugged
and developed. The programs may be dumped to cassette tape for permanent
storage. Techniques for increasing system capabilities are included.
Although the information contained herein, as well as any information provided
relative thereto, has been carefully reviewed and is believed accurate, Motorola
assumes no 1i abil ity ari si ng out of its appl ication or use. Neither does it
convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Copyright 1979 by Motorola Inc.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MOS HANDLING RECOMMENDATION
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Micro ChrOO1a 68 KIT PARTS
The MC6808 Microprocessor with Clock
The MC6847 Video Display .Generator & MC1372 RF Video Modulator
The MC6847 VDG(Video Display Generator)
The MC1372 RF Video Modulator
The MC6846P3 ROM, I/O, Timer
The MC6820/21 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)
The MC6850 Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA)
3.
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.3
Micro Chroma 68 HARDWARE
Ha rdwa re Ope rat ion
Construction Hints
Micro ChrOO1a 68 Debug
Soldering Tips
4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.1.10
4.1.11
4.1.12
4.1.12.1
4.1.12.2
4.1.12.3
4.1.12.4
4.1.12.5
4.1.12.6
4.1.13
4.1.14
4.1.15
4.2
TVBUG® SOFTWAR E
TVBUG® Operating System
G-Go to User Program Function
L-Load Function Tape (Kansas City Standard)
P-Punch Function Tape (Kansas City Standard)
V-Verify Tape (Kansas City Standard)
M-Memory Change Function
E-Block Memory Exchange Function
Q-Quick Load Function
M-Memory Fill Function
O-Offset Calculation Function
R-Print Contents of MPU Registers
Z-Clear Screen Function
Breakpoi nts
S-Set a Breakpoint with Address "N"
U-Unset a Breakpoint with Address "N"
D-Remove all Breakpoints
B-Print Out all Breakpoints
N-Trace Next Instruction
C-Cont i ne
User Defined Functions
User Input Function
User Output Function
Software Example
5.
SYSTEM EXPANSION AND APPLICATIONS
Interface EXORciser Bus
Extra ROM/PROM Utilization
Composite Video from MC6847/MC1372
5.1
5.2
5.3
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS (con't.)
5.4
5.5
5.5.1
5.6
5.7
5.7.1
5.8
Use of MC1372
RS-232 Drivers for Printer
Software for Printer
Sl-S9 Punch/Load Software
Dynamic RAM Addition
4K or 6K Dynami cRAMs
Graphic Mode Control
(e.g.-space bar). The modifier will be either two or four hexcharacters
depending on the command mode. When enteri ng hexidecimal data, i.e. memory
examine function, the data entered is right-hand justified. For example: A
desired address $015F is to be entered in the memory examine function. All that
need be entered is $15F. If an error is entered ($15E) just type $015F following
the previously entered three digits. The TVBUG firmware may be used to debug and
evaluate a user program and to perform the following functions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
2..3
GLPVMEQF0 RZSUD-
Go to Address "N" (User Program)
Load Kansas City Standard Tape (JBUG® Format)
Punch/dump-Kansas City Standard (JBUG Format)
Verify Kansas City tape
Memo~ change
Examine a block of memory
Quick load of Hex Data
Fill a block of memory
Offset calculation
Display contents of MPU registers
Clear screen and initialize I/O
Set a break poi nt with address "N"
Unset breakpoint with address "N"
Delete all breakpoints
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
B .. Print out all breakpoints
N .. Trace the next instruction
C .. Continue execution fran the current location
T .. Trace liN" instructions
! ," ,II .. User defined functions
4.1.1
G .. Go to User Program Function
This function allows the user to execute a USER program. To use this function
type a "G u , starting address, and return. The finnware will execute a USER
program.
4.1.2
L .. Load Tape Function (Kansas City Standard)
The function allows the user to load a Kansas City Standard fonnatted audio
cassette tape. This includes tapes punched using Motorola's JBUG® and CRTBUG®
monitor. To use this function:
1. Press Reset
2. Type ilL". The finnware wi 11 CRLF and ask for an offset, (16 bits,
Hexadecimal, with leading zeros assumed).
3. Enter the offset. The offset must be the difference between the existing
start address and the desired start address; if none, type a space.
4. Type "return". Start the tape by pressing "pl ay" on the cassette recorder.
Insure that the recorder "earll tQ P.C. board "ear" is connected.
5. After approximately 40 seconds of leader, the finmware will print a name if
any, and a liB" for each 256 bytes and a "B" for the remainder, if any. If
the data was not stored into memory correctly, the "B" is foll owed by the
message, "MEMORY BADtI and the finmware will return to TVBUG program control.
4.1.3
p .. Punch Tape Function (Kansas City Standard)
This function allows the user to store data fram memory on audio cassette tape
using the Kansas City Standard. To use this function:
1. Press Reset.
2. Type "P". The finnware will CRLF and ask for a beginning address.
3. Enter beginning address and type a space. The finmware will ask for a
endi ng address.
4. Enter ending address. The finnware will CRLF and ask for a name.
5. Enter the name. The name may be up to 32 (31 + CR) characters long. If
tape must be read by a JBUG monitor, do not use "B" or "G" in the name as
these characters are interpreted by the JBUG finnware as control characters.
6. Connect the tape recorder "mi ke" to the P.C. board "i n" (P3) and start
recording.
7. Type return. The finmware will print 40 seconds of leader (F' s) foll owed by
an 80 (Start Char.), Name (ASCI I Code), Byte count, Starting Address, and
"42" (ASCII "B") foll owed by data. A short leader terminated with "42"
(ASCI I "B") wi 11 be printed for each 256 bytes.
4.1.4
V .. Verify Tape (Kansas City Standard)
This function is used to verify a PUNCH or LOAD operation. To use this
function:
1. Press Reset.
2. Enter a "V". The fi nnware will CRLF and ask for an offset.
3. Enter the offset. The offset must be the difference between the existing
start address and the desired start address; if none, type a space.
4. Set up the tape recorder as shown in the load function.
5. The finnware will print file name, CRLF, and print a IIBII for each 256 bytes.
If the data on the tape and the contents of the memory do not agree, the
finnware will print IIMEMORY BADII and return to TVBUG program control.
4.1.5 M- Memory Change Function
The function will examine a location in memory, change the contents if desired,
and return the contents to memory in that order. To use the MEMORY CHANGE
- function:
1. Enter an 11M".
2. Enter the address to be changed and press line feed. TVBUG firmware will
CRLF and print the address followed by data.
3. Enter new data if desired. Line feed will then return data to memory and
open the next location. Up arrow (t) will return data to memory and open the
previous location. To return to rvBUG control program, press the carriage
return key.
rvBUG
Ma
0000 xx 00
0001 XX 00
rvBUG
4.1.6 E - Block Memory Examine Function
This function allows the user to display a block of memory on the screen. To
use this function:
1. Enter an IIEII.
2. Enter the beginning address of the block to be examined and type a space.
The firmware will ask for ending address.
3. Enter an address and type a space.
4. The firmware will CRLF and print the beginning address and contents of the
first eight memory locations. Underneath the contents of each location is a
period. If the data at that location is an ASCII character, the character
will be printed under the data. Each time a space is entered, the next 8
locations will be printed until it reaches the ending address; at which time
the firmware will return to the rvBUG control program.
TVBUG
E
BEG ADR?O END ADR?F
0000
0008
TVBUG
54 56 20 42 55 47 XX XX
B U G
T V
XX XX xx xx xx xx xx xx
. .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4.1.7 Q - Quick Load Function
'This function allows the user to enter blocks of hex data using the MEMORY
EXAMINE function. To use this function:
1. Type "QII. The finnware will CRLF and ask for the beginning address.
2. Enter beginning address and type a space. The firmware will ask for the
endi ng address.
3. Enter ending address and type return. The firmware will CRLF, print the
beginning address and wa it for data.
4. Enter hex data followed by a space. The firmware will CRLF on the 8th
location, print the address and wa it for data. When the endi ng data has been
entered, the firmware will return to TVBUG control program.
Typical Display
TVBUG
Q
BEG ADR?O
END ADR?F
0000 XX XX xx xx XX XX XX XX
0008 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
TVBUG
4.1.8 F - Memory Fill Function
Thi s function all ows the user to fill a block of memory wi th a character.
use this function:
To
1. Enter an IIF". The firmware will CRLF and ask for the beginning address.
2. Enter the beginning address and type a space. The firmware will ask for an
ending address.
3. Type a space. The firmware will CRLF and ask fOr a character.
4. Enter the desired character and type return. The firmware will write the
character into each of the defined memory locations and return to rvBUG
program control.
Typical display for MEMORY FILL function:
Note: Filling Stack RAM may result in loss of control as the MPU may execute an
unimplemented opcode.
BEG ADR? XXXX
CHAR?
XX
TVBUG
END ADR? XXXX
4.1.9 0 - Offset Calculation Function
This function allows the user to calculate 16-bit offsets. If the offset is
outside the 8-bit "branch" limits, the finnware will print the offset followed
by the message "TOO FAR". This functio.n simplifies the cal culation of offsets
for branch instructions. To use this function:
1. Type an "0". This firmware will CRLF and ask for the beginning address.
2. Enter the address of the branch op code and type a space. The firmware will
CRLF and ask for the ending address.
3. Enter the address of branch destination and type return. The firmware will
CRLF, pr i nt the offset and return to rvBUG control program. Offsets wi 11 be
printed as a 16-bit word. The least significant 8 bits will be the offset.
Positive Offset:
o
EEG ADR?O END ADR?F
OFFSET =-OOOD
TVBUG
Negative Offset:
o
EEG ADR?F END ADR?O
OFFSET =-FFEF
TVBUG
- Offset Outside of an 8-bit branch:
o
EEG ADR?O END ADR? 82
OFFSET =-0080 TOO FAR!
TVBUG
4.1.10 R - Print contents MPU Registers
This function allows the user to examine the MPU registers by reading them from
the stack. To use this function type "R". The finnware will place contents of
the MPU registers onto the stack RAM and then place them on the screen in the
following format:
CC B A X P
S
XX XX XX XXXX XXXX XXXX
Where:
CC = Condition Code register
B = B accumul ator
A = A accumulator
X = I ndex reg i ster
P = Program counter
S = Stack pointer
4.1.11 Z - Clear Screen Function
To use this function type "ZII. The finnware will fill the display memory block
with a space character, clear the screen, initialize the system I/O ports, and
, return to rvBUG program control.
4.1.12 Breakpoints
There are 7 TVBUG commands dealing with breakpoints.
1) S - Set breakpoint with address "N".
2) U - Unset break po i nt wi th address Nil •
3) D - Delete all breakpoints
4) N - Next instruction
5) T - Trace "N" instructions
6) C - Continue execution from current location
7) B - Print out all breakpoints
II
4.1.12.1 S - Set A Breakpoint with Address IIN".
To set a breakpoint type an "S" followed by the address, then type return. The
finnware will print the breakpoint address with up to 7 additional breakpoints
2.7
that might be set, and return to TVBUG program control.
Note: Breakpoint $0000 is illegal.
Typical Di spl ay for NEXT Instruction:
XX
XX
XX
XXXX
0030
XXXX
XX
XX
XXX X
0032
XXXX
TVBUG
N
XX
TVBUG Typical display for Setting Breakpoints:
TVBUG
S 10
0010
rvBUG
S 20
0010 0020
TVBUG
S 30
0010 0020 0030
rvBUG
4.1.12.2 U - Unset A Breakpoint with Address IIN II
To unset a breakpoint type a nUll follC1tled by the address, then return. The
firmware will remove the breakpoint and return to TVBUG control program.
Typical Display for Unsetting Breakpoints:
TVBUG
U 10
TVBUG
U 20
TVBUG
4.1012.3 0 - Remove all Breakpoints
To renove all breakpoints, type a "Oil. The finnware will renove the breakpoints
and return to TVBUG program control.
4.1.12.4 B - Print Out all Breakpoints
To examine breakpoints type a "BII. The firmware will print all breakpoints and
return to rvBUG control.
NOTE: The follC1t1ing commands assume that a program has been exeucted and halted
at a Breakpoint.
4.1.12.5 N - Trace Next Instruction
Thi s ccmmand all ows the user to si ngle step through a series of instruct ions.
To use this command, type an "Nil. The finnware will execute the NEXT instruction
and print the contents of the MPU registers. It will then return to TVBUG
program control.
4.1.12.6 C - Continue
The Continue command is used to step the program from breakpoint to breakpoint.
To use thi s command, type a IIC II • The fi rmware will execute the user program from
the current location to the next breakpoint, and print out the contents of the
stack.
Typical Display for CONTINUE Instruction:
(Breakpoints set at $0030, $0040, $0050)
-
xx xx xx XXXX 0030 XXXX
TVBUG
C
XX xx XX XXXX 0040 XXXX
TVBUG
C
XX XX XX XXXX 0050 XXXX
TVBUG
4.1.13 User Defined Functions
TVBUG contains three user defined jumps that may be called from the keyboard and
two user defined jumps called by the monitor. All jumps are initialized with a
Reset. However, if the user wishes to prevent these vectors from being lost on
Reset, the stack RAM may be hardware deselected from $F390, to $F39F inclusive.
A small ROM, containing the permanent vectors, is patched over these locations
(see listing in appendix B) as shown in Figure 4.2.
I
I
AIS
j
414A/3 ---~
Art..
Ail
s
\ v'Z~11/ ..:.FE..:::ooo~-"fi-~_""",, _ _" " _
-
-
U3S
Ii
i
1!
7
10
. AS
Soli J
!
~
A~
(J
74LS133
~7
Ab _ _
......L:~
As __..,.:;10"-1
M"
Figure 4.2 Hardware Deselect of Stack RAM from $F390 to $F39F
To use the keyboard jumps, type the appropriate character (!, II ,N). Fi rmware
will then execute the program from the address stored in temporary RAM at the
. following locations:
CHAR.
!
"
#
INST. ($7E)
$F396
$F399
$F39C
HIGH BYTE
$F397
$F39A
$F39D
lOW BYTE
$F398 .
$F29B
$F39E
4.1.14 User Input Function
-
This function flowcharted in Figure 4.3 allows the user to insert a user routine
into the monitor input loop. Each time the monitor goes around its input loop it
checks the user input three byte vector. Since it is initialized to RTS, the
monitor wi 11 ignore thi s vector until the user changes it. The three temporary
RAM locations reserved for the user input vector are:
INST. (7E)
$F390
lOW BYTE
$F392
HIGH BYTE
$F391
To use this function, first write the user vector into stack.
RTS 4--<.
NO
-_ ........... - - - .... -1
I
I
NO
I
I
I
I
I
NO
Figure 4.3
30
'>-......
RTS
Flowchart for User Input Function
Example:
lDAA: User vector (High Byte)
STAA: $F391
lDAA: User vector (low Byte)
STAA: $F392
lDAA: #$7E
STAA: $F390
Initialization complete
If this vector is entered with the keyboard, the jump instruction (7E) must be
entered last.
The USER INPUT routine must set the carry bit if there was a user input. If
there was no input it must clear the carry bit. All user I/O routines must end
with RTS.
4.1.15 User Output'Function
This function flowcharted in Figure 4.4 allows the user to insert a user output
routine into the monitor output routine. Each time the monitor performs its
OUTCH (output character) routine it checks the three temporary RAM locations
reserved for the user output vector.
Since these locations are initialized to RTS, the monitor will ignore them until
they are changed by the user.
INST. (7E)
$F393
HIGH BYTE
$F394
lOW BYTE
$F395
To use this function, write the jump vector into temporary RAM. If the vector is
left in temporary RAM, I/O devices such as a printer or a modem may be
controlled on the fly by changing the instruction location ($F393) from the jump
($7E) to an RTS ($39). All user I/O routines must end with RTS.
YES
NO
~~......
RTS
OUTPUT TO
PRINTER. PUNCH.
MODEM. ETC,
RTS
Figure 4.4 Flowchart for User Output Routine
31
4.2 Software Example
The following example program is suitable for gaining familiarity with the rvBUG
monitor features. The program adds the five values in locations $10 through $14
using Accumulator A and stores the final result in location $15. The
intermediate total is kept in Accumulator A; Accumulator B is used as a counter
to count down the loop. The Index Register contains a "pointer" (i.e., X
contains the address) of the next location to be added. The program, as follows,
contains an error which will be used later to illustrate some of TVBUG's
features.
In the following listing, the leftmost column contains the memory address where
a byte (B bits) of the program will be stored. The next column contains the
machine language op-code and data for a particular microprocessor instruction.
The next four columns contain the mnemonic respresentation of the program in
assembler format.
*
*Add 5 numbers at locations 10-14
*Put answer in location 15
*
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
002B
002C
0020
002E
002F
0030
0031
BE
00
FF
4F
C6
04
CE
00
10
AB
00
08
SA
26
FA
97
15
3F
STRT
LOOP
LOS
$FF
DEFINE STACK IN USER AREA
CLRA
LDAB
#4-
TOTAL = 0
INITIALIZE COUNTER
LOX
#$10
POINT X TO LOCATION 10
ADDA
ADD 1 LOCATION TO TOTAL
INX
OECB
BNE
LOOP
POINT X TO NEXT LOCATION
DONE ALL 5 LOCATIONS?
BRANCH IF NOT.
STAA
$15
SAVE ANSWER
SWI
GO TO TVBUG
A detailed procedure for entering and debugging this program ;s shown in the
follOWing steps.
1.
Start up and enter the program in RAM
A. Turn power on. Push reset button on the card. rvBUG wi 11 respond
as shown in Figure 4.1.
B. Type Mfo 11 owed by 20CR. Thi s di spl ays the current contents of 1ocati on
$0020.
C. Type BE. This replaces the contents of $0020 with BE which is the op-code
for the first instruction, LOS.
O. Type LF. This steps to the next location ($0021) and displays the
contents.
E. Type 00.
32
F. Type LF.
G. Type next byte of op-code or operand (FF in this case).
H. Repeat steps F and G for remaining instuctions.
I. Type CR to close the memory change function.
2.
Verify that the program was entered correctly.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Type M20 CR. Location 20 will be displayed.
Type LF. Next location will be displayed.
Repeat step B until done, visually verifying data entered in Step 1.
Type CR.
3. Enter Data in Locations 10-14
A. Same as 1 except type M 10 CR to start the sequence. Any data may be
entered; however, for purposes of this example 01,02,03,04 and 05 should
be entered.
B. Type CR
4. Verify Data
A. Repeat step 2 except type M 10 CR to begin the sequence. Verify that the
memory contains the values 01,02,03,04 and 05 in sequencial order.
5. Run the Program
A. Type CR to insure no other option is active.
B. Type G 20. The program will run down to the "SWIll instruction at location
31 which will cause it to go to rvBUG and show the following display.
CC
DO
TVBUG
B
A
X
00
OA
0014
P
S
0032
00G8
6. Check the Answer
Type M 15 CR. (The answer is stored in location 15). Note that it says $OA
(decimal 10). The correct answer is $OF or decimal 15; therefore, there is
a problem in the program as originally defined. The next steps should help
isolate the problem and correct it.
7. Breakpoint and Register Display
A. It might be helpful to see what the program was doing each time it went
through the loop. Therefore, set a breakpoint at the beginning of the
loop, location 0029. To do this type S 29 CR.
B. A breakpoint could also be set at location 002F to see the results. Type
S 2F CR.
C. TVBUG must be told where to begin, so type G 20. rvBUG will run to the
breakpoint and then display 0029 as the program counter. At this point
the program is suspended just before location $29 and is in TVBUG. On
detecting this breakpoint, TVBUG automatically displays the register
contents.
D. Type C to return to the example program and resume executing. Since the
breakpoint at location $0029 is in a loop it will again be the next
breakpoint. At this point the register contents will be displayed again.
If this were done the A Register would appear to contain the partial sum
and the B Register would be decremented. The X Register would be
increnented by one.
E. Type C (Proceed). Once again the registers contents will be
di spl ayed.
F. Type C (Proceed). Same comment as D.
G. Type C (Proceed). Display will now show register contents as of
breakpoint at $2F. The program has now successfully completed the loop 4
times and the A-Register contains the incorrect sum.
8. Correcting the Program
A. From above it is evident that although the program was supposed to add
five numbers, the loop was executed only four times. Therefore, the LDAB
114 instruction at location 24 and 25 should have initialized B to 5.
B. Type D. Clear existing breakpoints.
C. Type M 25 CR. This display = 0025 04.
D. Type 05. The display = 0025 0405 enter 05. This will now permanently
change the LDAB 114 instruction to a LDAB 115 instruction.
E. Type CR
F. Type G 20. Execute the program.
G. Type MIS Display = 0015 OF, the expected answer; the program is fixed.
9. Trace Through the Program
A. In order to execute a trace, the program must first be stopped at a
breakpoint. To trace from the beginning do:
B. Type D. This clears the existing breakpoints.
C. Type S 20. This sets a breakpoint at the first instruction.
D. Type G 20 (go to user program). TVBUG will immediately get the breakpoint
and stop before executing the instruction at 20.
E. Type N. The program will execute one instruction and display all register
contents. To continue, type N.
F. To trace multiple instructions type T followed by the hexadecimal number
of instruction to be traced. Register contents will be displayed after
execution of each instruction.
G. All Breakpoints should be deleted by typing 0 CR before hitting Reset, or
the program will be permanently altered.
10. Offset Calculation Including Register Modification
A. Assume the SWI instruction at location 31 is to be changed to a branch
always (BRA) to location 20. This will cause the J)"ogram to renain in an
infinite loop (i.e., the program has no end and will run continuously
unless interrupted by some outside stimuli). Type M31 to open the memory
location. The display = 0031 3F.
B. The op-code for a BRA is a 20, so type 20 LF. The display = 0031 3F 20.
C. The second byte of the BRA instruction should be the two's complement
negative offset to location 20. Type O.
D. TVBUG will respond with "BEG ADR?". Type in the address, 31 CR, of the
BRA op-code.
E. TVBUG will respond with fiEND ADR?". Type in the desired branch address,
20 C/R.
F. TVBUG will respond with "OFFSET=FFED".
G. Type M 32 CR.
H. Insert the branch offset by typing the last two hex digits, ED.
11. Executing and Aborting
A. Type G 20. The program will begin executing and the rvBUG cursor will
disappear since the program now contains an infinite loop.
B. Hit the break switch. This interrupts the program, displays all
regi sters, and returns control to TVBUG.
C. Type C. Program will again continue execution.
D. Repeat Band D as many times as you wish.
E. Reset may be used to halt the program, reinitialize the screen and the
I/O.
12. Punch Program to Cassette
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Rewind the cassette.
Press RESET.
Type P.
Type 20 CR for the begin address.
Type 32 CR for the end address.
Type in an optional title up to 31 characters and CR.
Turn on the cassette player in the Record mode.
Wa it for the pranpt and cursor to reappear (approximately 60 seconds).
13. Load Program fran Cassette
A. Turn off power. This will cause the program in memory to be lost. Turn
power back on.
B. RESET
C. Rewind cassette.
D. Start cassette in playback mode.
E. Type L. Wait for the TVBUG pranpt and an offset (0) foll owed by a CR.
Each IBI represents 256 bytes of data being loaded. Test the program by
any of the options described above.
14. Verify Program from Cassette
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
Push Reset button and get TVBUG pranpt
Rewind cassette
Start cassette in playback mode.
Type V and an offset (0) followed by a V.
Each "B" represents 256 bytes of data bei ng veri fi ed. The TVBUG prompt
represents a complete verification of the cassette tape.
SYSTEM EXPANSION AND APPLICATIONS
The wire wrap area may be used to implement several applications and expand the
system capabilities and usefulness.
5.1
Interface EXORciser Bus
As packaged, TVBUG can fullfill a multiple of applications, but does lack one
thing, and this is the necessary components to expand. Uses of this expansion
can be for additional memory, ROMS, peripherals and the like.
Looking at Figure 5.1, the address lines are connected to 8T97 three-state
buffers which isolate the MPU bus from the edge connector/motherboard. Because
the data bus is a bi-directional bus, provision has been made to provide two~way
buffering. The driver enable signal for the 8T26 1 s is provided by an 8 input
NAND gate. This gate is necessary because certain addresses must be excluded
while in the READ mode. These include the TVBUG ROM (F800-FFFF), Display RAM
($DOOO-E3FF), F400-F7FF (I/O), $FOOO-F3FF (Stack) and (E800-EFFF). This last 2K
slot may be used for external routines in ROM and RAM and if desired could be
placed on an external card. Delete the two connections to the gate if off-board
operation is desired. If non-inverted data is desired, use 8T28 1 s in place of
- 8T26 s. Thi s design assumes that all user RAM wi 11 be external.
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5.4 Use of MC1372
By configuring the MC1372 as a canposite video generator, its output can be fed
through coaxial cable to drive a remote MC1373 RF modulator. In some
applications it is more advantageous to transmit a canposite video signal down a
line rather than an RF. See Figure 5.4.
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Figure 5.4 Remote RF with MC1372
-
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5.5 RS-232 Drivers for Printer
To implement a IIscreenll printer for TVBUG, all that is required is to write
driver software, (Appendix C) and hook up either RS-232 or TTL drivers for a
printer. See Figure 5.5.
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Note: See Appendix C for Software Drivers
Figure 5.5 Use of On-Board ACIA for Hard Copy (Printer)
5.5.1 Software for Printer
By using the user output routine provided in TVBUG, a character may be sent to a
peripheral output device. Here's how it works: Everytime TVBUG performs an
output character (OUTCH) routine, it checks three memory locations 5n the Stack
RAM area. Since these routines are initialized to RTS, the monitor will ignore
than until changed by the user. The program li sting provided changes these
locations to a JSR at the beginning location of the program. At this time, the
OUTCH routine cycles through this additional subroutine and prints a character
to whatever is connected to the on-board ACIA.
-
The on-board ACIA was used for the printer driver to save money, and to reduce
the number of additional canponents. The present ACIA configuration will allow a
character rate of 300 baud (from tape interface MC1455), but may be changed to
allow any character rate when provided with the appropriate clock frequency
(divide by 16). Because TVBUG only responds to carriage returns, a line-feed and
4 null characters are sent to the printer during a carriage return operation.
This allows a printer to return fully to the left-hand most position before the
continuation of printing.
It must be noted that printing will take place during punch and load operations,
but will not provide the necessary CR's and null characters for proper printing.
Although the use of an input device (serial or parallel) is not shown, its
. operation would be similar to that of the print routine. See User Input routine
for further details.
5.6
Sl-S9 Punch/load Software
As purchased, TVBUG has the capability of loading and punching Kansas City
Standard formatted tapes which utilize the MEK6800D2 binary style. Many styles
of format have been used in the KC Standard, one of the most widely known is the
format of MIKBUG/MINIBUG®/EXBUG, or the Sl-S9 format. A program has been
written which allows the TVBUG user tol oad and punch this type of tape format.
See Appendix C. To use the Sl-S9 system, type G $E803 CR. A prompt will ask
whether to punch, load or verify. If during a load or verify operation a bad
memory location is found, its address will be displayed. Each "5" displayed
represents 19 characters dumped, loaded or verified.
5.7 Dynamic RAM Addition
Due to its high density and low relative cost, dynamic RAM has proven to be one
of the most economical routes when designing systems which must have access to
large areas of memory. TVBUG can be easily adapted to a full canplement of user
RAM 52K by the construction of the memory board shown in this application note.
5.7.1 4K or 16K Dynamic RAMs
4K or 16K Dynamic RAMs require a periodic."refreshing" to retain integrity of
what is stored there. There are several methods of providing this refresh which
include cycle stealing and transparent refresh. The board shown utilizes the
transparent method and appears static to the processor. It appears static
because all refresh is done duri ng 1'1 or E low time. Fast RAMs must be used,
because a refresh and access cycle must be performed in one MPU clock cycle. The
system shown uses the MC3480-MC3242A combination of RAM controllers with delay
lines providing the required "t" times. One shots could be utilized in place of
these delay lines if they provide the correct amounts of del aye See MC3242A data
sheet.
MC6809-6800 64K Transparent
Refresh Dynamic RAM Card
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Figure 5.7 Refresh. Logic
The actual schematic, and timing for the Transparent refresh method is shown in
Figures 5.8-5.10. Memory clock (unstretched E) is fed into both MC3480 and
SN74LS90. The LS90 is used to divide MC to give a 89 KHz pul se for the refresh
clock. Although faster than the minimum 64 KHz required, thi s does nothi ng more
than refresh at a higher rate. The other MC is fed into the MC3480 memory
controller. Through the use of a flip flop and delay lines, the different timing
requirements are provided for the MC3480. Although more expensive, the delay
lines are far superior to using one shots whose external components can drift
considerably with temperature variations. The MC3480 provides the RAM array with
the necessary RAS and CAS signals, while the MC3242A provides the required
- addressing sequences, Chip enables come from the 74LS138-74LS30 combination and
allow the user to have any or all 8K blocks of memory within the 6K memory map
selected.
5.8 Graphic Mode Control
The Micro Chroma 68 printed circuit board has the capability of fully exploiting
all VDG graphic modes. The mode select pins of the VDG are connected to the
peripheral data port of the MC6846 RIOT. By writing the appropriate "word" to
the port, any of the graphic modes may be selected. For example: to use the most
dense (2 color) graphics mode, do the following:
M F441 80 00
F442 00 FF
F443 -- 39
Resets Port
Sets as all outputs
Control word output
The word 139 1 is the control word for the most dense graphic mode. For other
control words, see Figure 5.11. From this point on (initialization of the RIOT),
any word placed in location $F443 will be written to the VOG. Remember that a
Reset will reset the I/O port and thus require re-initilization.
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COMPUROUTE W/O 02-7130 MOTOROLA
,"CRe €HROtfA 68
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MICROCHIIOHA 68 PARTS LIST
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Description
Moatntar), SPOT ,aruk I
Moat.. tlr)' 5PST (Rllotl
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Value
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PIN
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CMOS H.. Sclattt Trlg,lr
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NHOS Asynchronoul COIIIUnlcatlonl Interface Ad.ptor (AClA)
Me6847··
NMOS Vld.o Display Glnlr.tor (VOO)
HeIl72··
L1 ••• r Color TV Vidoo Modulator Circuit
CMOS Quod bclulhl-DR G.tl
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CMOS lZ-11t 11 •• ry Counter
"C14040B
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S11l4LS04
SII14LSOO
hscrlptlon
TIL Que, I-Input IIAHO att.
TIL lit. I••,rt.r
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TIL Qua' '.Input IIAHO &at.
TIL .... In.artar
TIL Quad '-Input IWIO 61t.
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lIC688t/11C11t7 U ...r lit. TIII'II-St.t, luffa"
S1174LSUII
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TIL ,"CO·I Line Decodar
TIL J·ta·, LIne Decoder
TIL ,.to·' LIne hcadar
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_
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with ClllllPIUb' ••udlo tnttl'COlllllCt cab'.
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TIL Quad I-Input AIIO &att
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PAGE
\,0001
001
TVBUG46 .SA:O
.
i0002
00003
00004
00005
00006
00007
00008
00009
00010
00011
00012
00013
00014
00015
00016
00017
00018
00019
00020
00021
00022
00023
00024
00025
00026
""')0027
,,,&'0028
00029
00030
00031
00032
00033
00034
00035
00036
00037
00038
00039
00040
00041
00042
00043
00044
00045
00046
00047
00048
00049
00050
00051
. 0052
,. 053
0054
~
.....
....
.....
...
...
....
..
.....
....
....
.
....
..
...
..
...
.
...
.....
....
....
...
..
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
NAM
TVBUG
TTL
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYST
REV 1
COPYRIGHT (C) 1978 BY JOHN DUMAS
FOR MOTOROLA INC.
TVBUG (TM) MOTOROLA
AUSTIN, TEXAS
MICROCOMPUTER CAPITAL OF THE WORLD!
CURRENT REVISION DATE
= NOV
20 1978
ALTHOUGH THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN,
AS WELL AS ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED RELATIVE
THERETO, HAS BEEN CAREFULLY REVIEWED AND IS
BELIEVED ACCURATE, MOTOROLA ASSUMES NO
LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF ITS APPLICATION OR
USE; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER
ITS PATENT RIGHTS NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS.
----FOLLOWING ARE TVBUG COMMANDS---EACH COMMAND IS 1 LETTER FOLLOWED
BY AN OPTIONAL MODIFIER (ADDRESS OR
DATA). MODIFIER IS ALWAYS HEX WITH
LEADING ZEROeS) ASSUMED. MODIFIER
FIELD IS TERMINATED WITH A NONHEX ENTRY(I.E.SPACE BAR). MODIFIER
WILL BE EITHER 2 OR 4 HEX DEPENDING
UPON COMMAND MODE.
L
M
P
R
B
F
C
N
T
G
o
-U
E
Q
o
S
V
Z
!
n
LOAD K.C. STANDARD TAPE (D2 FORMAT)
MEMORY CHANGE
PUNCH K.C. STANDARD TAPE (D2 FORMAT)
DISPLAY CONTENTS OF TARGET STACK
CC
B
A
X
P
S
PRINT OUT ALL BREAKPOINTS
FILL MEMORY BLOCK
CONTINUE EXECUTION FROM CURRENT LOCATION
NEXT INSTRUCTION TRACE
TRACE 'N' INSTRUCTIONS
GO TO LOCATION 'N'
DELETE ALL BREAKPOINTS
UNSET BREAKPOINT WITH ADDRESS 'N'
EXAMINE BLOCK OF MEMORY
QUICK LOAD OF HEX DATA
OFFSET CALCULATION (BRANCH)
SET A BREAKPOINT WITH ADDRESS 'N'
VERIFY KC TAPE (02 FORMAT)
CLEAR TV SCREEN
(SHIFT 1)
USER FUNCTION #1
(SHIFT 2)
USER FUNCTION #2
(SHIFT 3)
USER FUNCTION #3
8-1
PAGE
00056
00057
00058
00059
00060
00061
00062
00063
00064
00065
0006600067
00068
00069
00070
00071
00072
00073
00074
00075
00076
00077
00078
00079
002
TVBUG46 • SA: 0
TVBUG
*
OPT
EQU
00·3F
A SWI
DOOO
A VDGRAM EQU
F420
·F421
F422
F423
F404
F405
F406
F407
F408
F409
*
*
*
*
A
A
A
A
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
S,O,CREF
$3F
SWI OP CODE
$DOOO
PIA FOR D2 HEX KEYBOARD & DISPLAY
(USED IF D2 KIT IS RETROFITTED)
KEYAD EQU
$F420
KEYAD+1
KEYAC EQU
KEYBD EQU
KEYAD+2
KEYAD+3
KEYBC EQU
*
* PIA
*
PIAAD
A
A PIAAC
A PIABD
A PIABC
*
* ACIA
*
ACIAS
A
A ACIAD
FOR VDG & ASCII KEYBRD
EQU
EQU
EQU
EQU
$F404
PIAAD+1
PIAAD+2
PlAAD+3
FOR KC STANDARD TAPE INTERFACE
EQU
EQU
$F408
ACIAS+1
8-2.
PAGE
003
TVBUG46 .SA:O
,,\0081
to~:~A
00084
00085
00086
00087
00088A
00089A
00090A
00091"A
00092A
00093A
00094A
00095A
00096A
00097A
00098A
00099A
00100
00101
00102
00103A
00104A
00105
00106
F800
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
1E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
FEEl
FFOF
F995
F929
FFC9
F9BO
F9B2
FFA8
F96C
FF7F
FE86
FB20
F824 FE F37A
F827 6E 00
~107
~.;J108A
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
*
*
F8.00
F800
F803
F806
F809
F80C
F80F
F812
F815
F818
F81B
F81E
F821
TVBUG
F829 FE F380
00109A F82C 6E 00
00110
00111
00112
00113A F82E FE F384
00114A F831 6E 00
ORG
A BASORG EQU
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
*
*
*
$F800
*
BASE ORIGIN
JUMP TABLE TO MONITOR
*
*
*IO
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
JMP
INCH1
OUTCH1
PDATA1
BADDR
SCROLL
OUT4HS
OUT2HS
INIT
GETADR
SAVE
SYNCLD
CONTRL
INPUT CHAR
OUTPUT CHAR
OUTPUT STRING
INPUT HEX
UP 1 LINE
OUTPUT 4 HEX+SPACE
OUTPUT 2 HEX+SPACE
CLEAR SCREEN
GET START & STOP ADR
SAVE AREG 0, X
LOAD AREG O,X
RESTART POINT
I/O INTERRUPT SEQUENCE
LOX
JMP
IOV
X
*
*
*
NMI SEQUENCE
*
*
*
SWI INTERRUPT SEQUENCE
A POWDWN LOX
JMP
A
A SFEI
A
LOX
JMP
NIO
X
SWl1
X
GET NMI VECTOR
........
PAGE
004
00116
00117
00118
00119
00120
00121A
00122A
00123A
00124A
00125A
00126A
00127A
00128A
00129A
00130A
00131A
00132A
00133A
00134A
00135A
00136A
. 00137A
'00138A
00139A
00140A
00141A
00142A
00143A
00144A
00145A
00146A
00147A
00148A
00149A
00150A
00151A
00152A
00153A
00154A
00155A
00156A
00157A
00158A
00159A
00160A
00161A
00162A
00163
TVBUG46 .SA:O
F833
F834
F836
F837
F839
F83A
F83C
F83D
F83F
F840
F842
F843
F845
F846
F848
F849
F84B
F84C
F84E
F84F
F851
F852
F854
F855
F857
Fa58
F85A
F85B
F85D
F85E
F860
F861
F863
F864
F866
F867
F869
F86A
F86C
F86D
F86F
F870
F833
A
21
F396
22
F399
23
F39C
42
FB52
43
FB90
44
FB47
47
FB61
4C
F9CO
40
FA29
4E
FB73
50
FC35
52
FB98
54
FB8C
55
FB4D
53
FB59
4F
FA9D
51
F8FE
45
F88F
46
F8E3
56
F9B9
A
A
A
A
SA
A
F923
F872
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
TVBUG
** JUMP
*
FCTABL
*
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
TABLE TO ROUTINES PERFORMING TVBUG FCTN'S
EQU
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCC
FOB
FCTBEN EQU
*
I!I
USRl
I" I
USR2
IiI
USR3
IBI
GO USER il
GO USER 12
GO USER #3
"B" - PRINT ALL BREAKS
PNTBRK
Icl .
CONT
nCR - CONTINUE
101
"D" - DELETE ALL BREAKS
IGI
"G" - GO TO ENTERED ADDRESS
DELBRK
GOTO
ILl
"L" - LOAD
LOAD
IMI
"M" - MEMORY CHANGE
INI
"N" - NEXT (TRACE 1 INSTR)
CHANGE
NEXT
Ip!
"P" - PUNCH
PUNCH
IR!
"R" - PRINT STACK
ITI
"T" - TRACE N INSTRUCTIONS
PSTAKl
TRACE
lUI
"U" - RESET A BREAKPOINT
RSTBRK
lSI
"5" - SET A BREAKPOINT
101
OFFSET CALCULATION
SETBRK
OFFSET
IQI
QUICK LOAD
FASTLD
lEI
EXAMINE BLOCK
DISPLY
IFI
FILL
!VI
FILL BLOCK
VERIFY K.C. STANDARD TAPE
VERIFY.
IZ!
ZSCR
*
CLEAR SCREEN
PAGE
005
,\0165
Jb166
00167
00168
00169
00170
00171A
00172A
00173A
00174
00175A
00176A
00177A
00178
00179A
00180A
00181A
00182A
00183A
00184A
00185A
00186A
00187A
/,/
TVBUG46 .SA:O
F872
F874
F876
F872
F36F
FCE2
FDOC
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
INITIALIZATION/RESET CODE
*
* THIS DATA IS COPIED
* INTO RAM DURING START-UP INITALIZATION
*
A ADRSTR EQU
*
A
A
A
*
F878 20 03 F87D
F87A 7E FD4A A
F87D 7E FD4E A BRG
FDB
FDB
FDB
STACK
SWI1S
BRKINH
INIT FOR "SP"
INIT FOR "SWI1"
INIT FOR "SWI2"
BRA
JMP
JMP
BRG
BRNOGO
BRGO
"BRA" INST IS REPLACED BY
COND BRA INST IN ROUT.
WHICH DETERMINES IF
BRA IS GO /NOGO
RTS
RTS
RTS
RTS
RTS
RTS
JMP
JMP
JMP
CONTRL
CONTRL
CONTRL
*
F880
F88l
F882
F883
F884
F88S
F886
F889
F88C
39
39
39
39
39
39
7E FB20
7E FB20
7E FB20
A
A
A
8- S
PAGE
006
00189
00190
00191
00192
00193
00194
00195
00196
0'0197
00198
0019900200
00201A
00202
00203A
00204A
0020sA
00206
00207A
00208A
00209
00210A
00211A
00212A
00213A
00214A
00215
00216
00217
00218A
00219A
00220A
00221A
00222
00223A
00224A
00225A
00226A
00227A
00228A
00229A
00230A
00231A
TVBOG46 .SA:O
TVBOG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
**
*
EXAMINE BLOCK OF MEMORY
ACSII EQOIV PRINTED BENEATH
HEX BYTE
FROM START AOR TO STOP AOR
FORMAT :
AAAA 001 002 ••••• 008
ACl AC2 ••••• AC8
AAAA=AOORESS,OO=HEX DATA
AC=ASCII CHAR (IF PRINTABLE)
**********
F88F BO F96C
A OISPLY JSR
GETAOR
F892 BO F99C
F89s CE F37C
F898 BO F9BO
A NEWLIN JSR
A
LOX
A
JSR
PCRLF
#BEGA
OUT4HS
F89B FE F37C
F89E C6 08
A
A
F8AO
F8A3
F8As
F8A8
F8A9
BC
27
BO
SA
26
*
*
LOX
LOAB
*
F37E A OOTOAT CPX
06 F8AB
BEQ
F9B2 A
JSR
OECB
Fs F8AO
BNE
.-
*
..
*
BEGA
#8
SET FOR 8 /L INE
ENOA
ASCII
OUT2HS
MAIN LOOP
PRINT HEX BYTE
OUTDAT
NOW 00 ASCII
F8AB
F8AE
F8BO
F8B3
BO
80
FE
C6
F99C A ASCII
26 F806
F37C A
08
A
F8Bs
F8B7
F8B9
F8BB
F8BO
F8BF
F8C1
F8C3
F8C4
00~32A F8C7
00233
00234A F8C9
0023sA F8CB
00236A F8CC
00237A F8CE
00238A F801
00239A F8D4
A6
81
2F
81
20
86
80
08
BC
27
A NEWCHR
00
A
1F
04 F8BF
A
60
02 F8C1
A OUT PRO
2E
10 F8EO OUTASC
80
SA
26
FF
BD
20
11 F80C MORE
*
F37E A
50 F926
E7 F8BS
F37C A
FEEl A
BC F892
PRINT ADDRESS
JSR
BSR
LOX
LOAB
PCRLF
OUT5S
BEGA
#8
LOAA
CMPA
BLE
CMPA
BLT
LOAA
BSR
INX
CPX
BEQ
O,X
#$lF
OUT PRO
#$60
OUTASC
BSR
OECB
BNE
STX
JSR
BRA
#' •
OUCH4
ENOA
C3
OUT2S
NEWCHR
BEGA
INCHl
NEWLIN
SKIP ADDRESS
PAGE
{J0241
)J0242A
00243A
00244A
0024SA
00246A
00247A
007
TVBUG46 .SA:O
F8D6
F8D8
F8DA
F8DC
F8DE
F8EO
80
80
80
80
86
7E
06 F8DE
04 F8DE
02 F8DE
00 F8DE
20
A
FFOF A
TVBUG
*
OUTSS
OUT2S
OUT1S
OUCH4
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
BSR
BSR
BSR
BSR
LDAA
JMP
OUT1S
OUT1S
OUT1S
OUT1S
#'
OUTCH1
A-7
PAGE
008
00249
00250
00251
00252
00253
00254A
00255A
00256A
00257A
0025..8A
00259A
00260
00261A
00262A
00263A
00264A
00265A
TVBOG46 '. SA: 0
TVBOG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
*
**********
* FILL MEMORY BLOCK WITH KONSTANT
**********
*
F8E3
F8E6
F8E9
F8EC
F8EE
F8F1
BD
CE
BD
8D
B6
FE
F96C A FILL
FE63 A
F995 A
3B F929
F3CF A
F37C A
F8F4
F8F7
F8F9
F8FB
F8FC
BC
27
A7
08
20
F37E A FILLa
2D F926
00
A
*
F6 F8F4
JSR
LDX
JSR
BSR
LDAA
LOX
GETADR
#FILLMS
PDATAl
BADDR
XL OW
BEGA
CPX
BEQ
STAA
INX
BRA
ENDA
C3
o,X
FILLa
8-a
PAGE
009
TVBUG46 .SA:O
00267
*
*
"'" 2 6 8
.J)2 6 9
00270
00271
00272A
00273
00274A
0027SA
00276A
00277
00278A
00279
00280A
00281A
00282A
00283A
00284A
0028SA
00286A
00287A
00288A
00289A
00290A
00291
00292
00293
F8FE 8D 6C F96C
F900 BD F99C
F903 CE F37C
F906 BD F9BO
A
A
A
F909 C6 08
A
F90B
F90D
F910
F913
F91S
F916
F919
F91C
F91E
F91F
Fi21
8D
FE
B6
A7
08
FF
BC
27
SA
26
20
TVBUG
QUICK LOAD PRINTS ADDRESS ONCE
BYTES
* PER LINE THEN ACCEPTS 8 HEX
* OF CODE & STORES IN MEMORY
*
FASTLD BSR
GETADR
*
FASTO JSR
PCRLF
*
*
1C F929 FAST1
F37C A
F3CF A
00
A
F37C A
F37E A
08 F926
LDX
JSR
#BEGA
OUT4HS
LDAB
#8
BSR
LDX
LDAA
STAA
INX
STX
CPX
BEQ
DECB
BADDR
BEGA
BNE
EA F90B
DD F900
~294A F923 BD FFA8
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
XL OW
O,X
BEGA
ENDA
. C3
BRA
FAST1
FASTO
JSR
JMP
INIT
CONTRL
*
*
*
A ZSCR
<1029SA F926 7E FB20A C3
PRINT ADDR
GET BYTE
SAVE IT
&
PAGE
010
00297
00298
00299
00300
00301
00302
00303
00304
00305
00306
00307
00308A
00309A
00310A
00311A
00312A
00313A
00314A
00315A
00316A
00317
00318
00319
00320A
00321A
00322A
00323A
00324A
00325A
00326A
00327A
00328A
00329
00330A
00331A
00332A
00333A
00334A
00335A
00336A
00337A
00338A
00339A
00340A
00341
00342A
00343A
00344A
00345A
00346A
TVBUG46 .SA:O
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
F929
F92C
F92F
F930
F931
F933
F936
F939
F93C
7F
7F
37
36
86
B7
BD
7C
B7
F3C8
F3C9
FF
F3D2
FEEl
F3D2
F3D3
F93F
F941
F943
F945
F947
F949
F94B
F94D
F94F
80
2B
81
2F
-81
2B
81
2E
80
F951
F952
F953
F954
F955
F957
F958
F95B
F95E
F95F
F961
48
48
48
48
C6
48
79
79
SA
26
20
F963
F966
F969
F96A
F96B
FE F3C8
FF F3CE
32
33
39
BUILD ADDRESS
A,B UNCHANGED
INPUT HEX CHARS UNTIL NON-HEX
ENTERED THEN EXIT
COUNT # OF CHAR ENTERED
SAVE COUNT IN CHRCNT
STORE TERMINATION CHAR
IN TERMCH
ON EXIT X = (XHI) = (TEMP2)
**********
A BADDR
A
A
A
A BADO
A
A
30
A
20 F963
09
A
OA F951
11
A
18 F963
16
A
14 F963
07[
A
*
*
*
SUBA
aMI
CMPA
BLE
CMPA
B~I
CMPA
BGT
St,1BA
*
A
BAD1
F3C9
F3C8
A
A
ASLA
ASLA
ASLA
ASLA
LDAB
ASLA
ROL
ROL
DECB
BNE
F6 F957
D3 F936
BRA
*
TEMP2
TEMP2+1
#$FF
CHRCNT
INCH1
CHRCNT
TERMCH
CHECK FOR VALID HEX
BAD3
04
CLR
CLR
PSHB
PSHA
LDAA
STAA
JSR
INC
STAA
A BAD2
A
LDX
STX
PULA
PULB
RTS
#$30
BAD2
#9
BAD3
#$11
BAD2
#$16
BAD2
#7
GOOD HEX
#4
TEMP2+i
TEMP2
BAD 1
BADO
TEMP2
XHI
~-
JO
ZERO CHARACTER
COUNTER
1 CHAR IN
BUMP CHAR CNT
SAVE TERMINATION
PAGE
;)349
-n0350
00351
00352
00353
00354
00355
00356A
00357A
00358A
00359A
00360
00361A
00362A
00363A
00364A
00365A
00366A
011
TVBOG46 .SA:O
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
***********
*
*
*
*
GET ADDRESS •• SEND PROMPT
FOR BEGIN & END ADDRESSES
STORES IN BEGA & ENDA
ON EXIT A=$D,B=O,X=(ENDA)
*
**********
F96C
F96F
F971
F973
CE
80
8D
FF
FE27 A GETADR LOX
24 F995
BSR
B6 F929
BSR
STX
F37C A
F976
F979
F97B
F97D
F97E
F981
CE
8D
8D
08
FF
39
FE32 A
1A F995
AC F929
F37E
A
*
LOX
BSR
BSR
INX
STX
RTS
#MCL4
PDATA1
BADDR
BEGA
#MCL5
POATA1
BADDR
ENDA
fI_ f1
--------"- ..._ .. ------- -.-----.--- g
-.
PAGE
012
00369
00370
00371
00372
00373
00374A
00375A
00376A
00377A
00378
0037900380
00381
00384A
00385A
00386A
00387A
00388A
00389A
00391
00392
00393
00394
00395
00396
00397
00398A
00399A
00400A
00401A
00402A
00403A
TVBUG46 .SA:O
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
*
*
*
OUTPUTS LEFT SIDE OF
BYTE AS ASCII HEX CHAR
ACCA IS KLOBBERED!
**********
F982
F983
F984
F985
44
44
44
44
OUTHL
LSRA
LSRA
LSRA
LSRA
OUT HEX LEFT BCD DIGIT
*******'***
*
*
OUTPUTS RIGHT SIDE AS ASCII HEX
KLOBBERS ACCA
**********
F986
F988
F98A
F98C
F98E
F990
84
8B
81
23
8B
20
OF
A OUTHR
30
A
A
39
28 F9B6
07
A
24 F9B6
./
F992
F994
F995
F997
F999
F99B
8D
08
A6
81
26
39
ANDA
ADDA
CMPA
BLS
ADDA
BRA
#$F
#$30
*$39
OUTCH
#$7
OUTCH
OUT HEX RIGHT BCD DIGIT
*
*
*
**********
* PRINT DATA POINTED AT BY X-REG
* ON EXIT A=4,B=UNCHANGED, X POINTS AT EOT
**********
22 F9B6 PDATA2 BSR
INX
00
A PDATA1 LDAA
CMPA
04
A
F7 F992
BNE
RTS
OUTCH
X
#4
PDATA2
STOP ON EOT
&-/2.
PAGE
013
00405
) ,406
. 407
00408
00409A
00410A
00411A
00412A
00413A
00414
00415
00410
00417
00418
00419
00420A
00421A
00422A
00423A
00424A
TVBUG46 .SA:O
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
*
*
PRINT CR LF
ACCA IS KLOBBEREO!
**********
F99C
F99F
F9A1
F9A3
F9A6
FF
86
80
FE
39
F3CE A PCRLF
00
A
13 F9B6
F3CE A
STX
LOAA
BSR
LOX
RTS
XHI
#$0
OUTCH
XHI
**********
*
*
ON EXIT X=X+1
BYTE IS PRINTEO AS 2 HEX CHARACTERS
*
F9A7
F9A9
F9AB
F9AD
F9AE
A6
80
A6
08
20
00
A
07 F982
00
A
*
OUT2H
06 F986
00426
00427
00428
00429A F9BO 80 F5 F9A7
00430A F9B2 80 F3 F9A7
00431A F9B4 86 20
A
~432A F9B6 7E FFOF A
110433
LOAA
BSR
LOAA
INX
BRA
O,X
OUTHL
O,X
OUTPUT 2 HEX CHAR
OUT LEFT HEX CHAR
PICK UP BYTE AGAIN
OUTHR
OUTPUT RIGHT HEX CHAR ANO RTS
BSR
BSR
LOAA
OUT2H
OUT2H
#$20
OUTCH1
OUTPUT 4 HEX CHAR + SPACE
OUTPUT 2 HEX CHAR + SPACE
SPACE
(BSR & RTS)
*
*
*
OUT4HS
OUT2HS
OUTS
OUTCH
*
JMp
#
/J-I>
PAGE
014
00435
00436
00437
00438
00439A
00440A
00441A
00442
00443
00444
00445
0044&
00447
00448
00449
00450
00451
00452
00453
00454
00455
00456A
00457
00458A
00459A
00460A
00461A
00462
00463A
00464A
00465A
00466A
00467A
00468A
00469
00470A
00471A
00472A
00473A
00474A
00475A
00476A
TVBUG46 .SA:O
F9B9 86 01
A
F9BB B7 F3D4 A
F9BE 20 03 F9C3
F9CO
F9CO 7F F3D4
A
A
F9C3
F9C6
F9C8
F9CB
CE
8D
BD
FF
FE51 A
CD F995
F929 A
F3D5 A
F9CE
F9DO
F9D3
F9D4
F9D6
F9D8
86
B7
16
8D
2S
8D
10
/A
F408 A
F9DA
F9DC
F9DE
F9EO
F9E2
F9E4
F9E6
C1
26
81
27
81
26
20
FF
F5
42
06
47
ED
7D
TVBUG
**********
* VERIFY •• SET VERIFY FLAG
* THEN GO TO LOAD
************
VERIFY LDAA
il
STAA
VFLAG
LOAD 0
BRA
*
*
**********
*LOAD MEMORY FROM KC STANDARD
* TAPE ••
* BEFORE BLOCK OF DATA STARTS
* ALL BYTES (EXCEPT RUBOUT)
* ARE PRINTED AS ASCII CHARS
* THIS WILL DISPLAY FILE TITLE
* IF ANY
* AFTER BLOCK BEGINS EACH
* BLOCK READ WILL PRINT A 'B' ON TV
**********
LOAD
EQU
*
VFLAG
CLR
*
LOADO LOX
iOFSET
PDATAl
BSR
BADDR
JSR
STX
OFFADR
*
BILD
38 FAOE
FB F9D3
DC F9B6
A
F9D3
A
F9E8
A
F9D3
FA65
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
*
i$10
ACIAS
LDAA
STAA
TAB
BSR
BMI
BSR
KCIN
BILD
OUTCH
CMPB
BNE
CMPA
BEQ
CMPA
BNE
BRA
i$FF
BILD
i'B
RDBLCK
i 'G
BILD
C5
+
8- r
DIV BY 1
FIND BEGIN
FIND END
PAGE
015
TVBUG46 .SA:O
00478
~479
,.)J480A
00481A
00482A
00483A
00484A
00485A
00486A
00487A
00488A
0048900490A
00491A
00492A
00493A
00494A
00495A
00496A
00497A
00498A
00499A
'1'
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
*
*
F9E8
F9EA
F9EB
F9EC
F9EE
F9F1
F9F3
F9F6
F9F9
8D
16
5C
8D
B7
8D
B7
FE
8D
24 FAOE RDBLCK BSR
TAB
INCB
20 FAOE
BSR
STAA
F37C A
BSR
1B FAOE
STAA
F37D A
LDX
F37C A
70 FA6B
BSR
F9FB
F9FD
FAOO
FA02
FA04
FA06
FA08
FA09
FAOA
FAOC
8D
7D
26
A7
A"l
26
08
SA
26
20
11 FAOE STBLCK BSR
F3D4 A
TST
02 FA04
BNE
00
STAA
A
00
A LOAD1 CMPA
58 FA60
BNE
INX
DECB
EF F9FB
BNE
BRA
C5 F9D3
*
KCIN
BYTE COUNT TO B
KCIN
BEGA
KCIN
BEGA+1
BEGA
ADDOFF
START ADDR
TO X
KeIN
VFLAG
LOAD1
O,X
O,X
LOAD19
BYTE COUNT -1
STBLCK
BILD
13- IS
PAGE
016
00501
00502
00503
00504A
00505A
00506A
00507A
00508A
00509A
00510
00511
0051200513
00514
00515A
00516A
00517A
00518A
00519A
00520A
00521A
00522A
00523
TVBUG46 • SA: 0
FAOE
FA10
FA13
FA14
FA16
FA19
FA1A
FA1B
FA1E
FA20
FA22
FA24
FA27
FA28
80
B6
47
24
B6
39
36
B6
84
81
26
7E
32
39
*
*
*
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
1 CHAR IN FROM TAPE
OA FA1A KCIN
F408 A
F8 FAOE
F409 A
BSR
LDAA
ASRA
BCC
LDAA
RTS
*
* CHECK FOR
*
*
*
CHKESC PSHA
F404 A
A
7F
lB
A
03 FA27
FAF3 A
CHK1
LDM
ANDA
CMPA
BNE
JMP
PULA
RTS
CHKESC
ACIAS
KeIN
ACIAD
ESCAPE KEY
PIAAD
i$7F
i$lB
CHK1
ESC1
*
B-l~
PAGE
017
TVBUG46 .SA:O
00525
'\0526
FA29
FA2C
FA2F
FA32
BD
BD
CE
BD
F929
F99C
F3CE
F9BO
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
** CHANGE MEMORY (M AAAA DD NN)
*
BADDR
BUILD ADDRESS
CHANGE JSR
/0527
00528A
00529A
00530A
00531A
00532
00533A
00534A
00535A
00536
00537A
00538A
00539
00540A
00541A
00542A
00543A
00544A
00545A
00546
00547A
00548A
00549A
00550A
00551
"',0552A
~~553A
00554A
00555A
00556A
00557A
00558A
00559A
00560A
TVBUG
A
A CHGO
A
A
FA35 FE F3CE
FA38 BD F9B2
FA3B 09
A
A
FA3C BD F929
FA3F FE F3CA
A
A
F3D2 A
09 FA50
F3CF A
00
A
00
A
10 FA60
*
*
*
JSR
LDX
JSR
PCRLF
iXHI
OUT4HS
START NEW LINE
& PRINT ADDR
LDX
JSR
DEX
XHI
OUT2HS
PRINT OLD
CONTENTS
JSR
LDX
BADDR
SAVEX
GOT NEW
TST
BEQ
LDAA
STAA
CMPA
CHRCNT
SKPSTR
XLOW
O,X
O,X
LOAD19
NEW DATA??
NO! SKIP LOAD
NO PUT IN
NEW DATA &
CHECK
BAD •• QUIT
FA42
FA45
FA47
FA4A
FA4C
FA4E
7D
27
B6
A7
A1
26
FA50
FA53
FA54
FA56
B6 F3D3 A SKPSTR LDAA
08
INX
81 OA
A
CMPA
27 D4 FA2C
BEQ
FA58
FA SA
FA5C
FASD
FA5E
FA60
FA63
FA65
FA68
81
26
09
09
20
CE
8D
7E
7E
*
BNE
*
5E
A
09 FAGS
CMPA
BNE
DEX
DEX
CC FA2C
BRA
FE3C A LOAD19 LDX
6F FAD4
BSR
FB20 A C5
JMP
FFOF A OUTCHS JMP
TERMCH
i$OA
CHGO
GOOD ST
. NEXT?
IF LF •• YES
NEXT ADDR
i' 7
CS
IF UP ARROW - DECREMENT ADDR
CHGO
iNCHG
PD2
CONTRL
OUTCH1
LAST ADDR
8- 17
PAGE
018
00562
00563
00564
00565
00566
00567A
00568A
00569A
00570
00571A
00572A
00573A
00574A
00575A
00576A
00577
00578A
00579A
00580A
00581A
TVBUG46 .SA:O
TVBUG
1.2 A VDG MONITOR FOR 6800,01,02,03,08 SYSTEM
**********
* ADD OFFSET TO VALUE IN X-REG
* A & B UNCHANGED
* OFFSET IS IN B,A
**********
FA6B 36
FA6C 37
FA60 FF F3C8
ADOOFF PSHA
PSHB
STX
A
FA70
FA73
'5'A76
FA79
FA7C
FA7F
F6
B6
BB
F9
F7
B7
F3C8
F3C9
F3D6
F305
F3C8
F3C9
A
A
A
A
A
A
FA82
FA85
FA86
FA87
FE F3C8
33
32
39
A
*
TEMP2
LOAB
LOAA
ADDA
ADCB
STAB
STAA
TEMP2
TEMP2+1
OFFADR+1
OFFADR
TEMP2
TEMP2+1
LDX
PULB
PULA
RTS
TEMP2
*
J-I*00130 0014'6*·
00236 00312*
00186 00236*"'
00136 00186*
00083*
00122 n017S*00200 00227
00081 00084*
00083 00095*
00123 00126*
c -,0
PAGE
011
0306
0338
F304
0245
F308
03F4
F3D4
F300
=
SlS9·
SWICH2
SWICH3
TEMP
TEST
.SA:O
TVRTS
00201 00203*
00228 00231*
00046*00196 00215
00096 00100 00102
TW
00048*00163 00165
VERFON 00355 00357*
VFLAG 00052*00313 00319
00044*00366 00368
XHI
TVBUG ROUTINES
00103 00104 00105 00108*
00167 00209 00213 00217 00223
00354
00369
c. -
I ,
Q200
0210
0220
0230
0240
0250
0260
0270
0280
0290
02AO
02BO
02CO
0200
02EO
02FO
20
B7
A6
80
04
33
20
59
20
26
7E
FA
F2
0_0
20
03
02
F3
01
13
80
39
4C
20
15
CO
80
FE
F3
A6
69
B7
20
93
B7
81
02
80
4F
28
81
7E
3F
F3
08
01
20
F3
4E
80
F3
00
32
77
41
56
4C
F8
80
7C
26
B7
60
04
86
05
01
26
39
20
44
29
26
21
3F
FF
23
F3
20
86
03
7E
FE
00
37
21
20
3F
02
20
86
F3
81
01
57
42
B7
F8
F3
86
F6
50
28
04
20
49
12
08
10
FE
20
BD
F4
21
00
OA
F4
55
4C
80
54
BD
80
B6
25
F3
5B
F8
08
20
08
80
08
4E
29
lC
81
F9
3D
F3
21
00
86
03
86
15
08
OB
57
43
2C
BD
56
6C
C6
7F
20
08
OF
80
51
30
08
4F
57
48
20
F8
26
FE
25
BO
10
08
8B
DO
B7
A6
FF
80
24
20
56
00
02
F3
4F
F3
30
39
04
20
F4
00
F3
08
F9
28
45
81
20
7E
80
09
A6.
20
B7
09
08
B7
94
80
B7
50
52
50
50
09
38
F6
00
61
F3
00
86
F3
39
06
F4
29
49
26
81
FF
SA
F3
B7
20
02
OA
7E
00
36
80
09
2C
46
02
IB
F3
26
7E
F3
61
80
00
0300
0310
0320
0330
0340
0350
0360
0370
0380
0390
03AO
03BO
03CO
0300
03EO
03FO
00
08
F3
86
6B
06
B7
B7
8B
Fl
20
FE
80
39
06
26
00
80
08
80
20
36
F4
F4
07
08
06
51
CO
27
80
02
00
34
53
98
SF
86
08
08
37
A6
86
80
80
06
18
A7
53
80
37
20
20
OC
86
39
F6
00
01
97
AS
81
BD
00
31
32
30
03
3D
BD
51
44
F4
81
B7
BD
80
31
FA
Al
04
FE
80
53
20
F8
B7
44
08
04
F3
F9
55
26
6B
00
80
F3
20
39
4B
03
F4
44
57
26
04
29
81
ED
80
26
3D
08
33
04
EB
86
08
44
57
F7
20
80
53
7F
21
41
SF
80
FE
80
00
DO
39
84
24
39
06
98
26
F3
7A
08
CE
20
F3
58
20
B7
86
OF
F9
A6
7E
FF
FA
OA
F3
20
F3
7A
08
7E
4E
F3
03
8B
B7
00
F8
F3
BD
80
06
EB
02
F3
09
F8
BD
CC
B7
30
F4
80
21
05
F8
20
27
80
80
04
BC
21
F9
32
F4
81
09
07
7F
80
03
80
47
OC
39
26
F3
20
9C
39
08
39
33
A6
F3
AO
80
02
70
B7
CE
F9
7E
IF
7E
86
86
23
39
00
04
86
7B
B7
F3
F3
F3
FF
26
20
F8
03
10
02
80
08
CE
11
81
F3
04
00
0400
0410
0420
0430
0440
0450
0460
0470
80
80
00
3B
03
B6
16
F8
07
OB
80
80
CE
F4
80
00
B7
IB
30
07
F3
09
OC
20
F3
16
2B
39
OC
84
IB
AD
01
FB
47
7C
BD
7F
16
00
FE
F3
81
F3
F8
81
FB
00
F3
OA
09
OA
OF
7F
F3
00
00
F7
2F
27
7E
27
OA
00
39
F3
OA
8B
F8
F1
F7
E6
80
OA
81
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21
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Appendix 0 (con't)
1 ) TSC SPACE VOYAGE
00E9
OOEC
OOEF
00F2
00F5
00F8
OOFB
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
"7E
7E
F806
F986
F982
F9B4
F803
F800
F04A
PDATA
OUTHR
OUTHL
OUTS
OUTCH
INCH
RANDOM
0100
8E
F36F
STACK
04DC
ODAO
ODB6
OE95
20
20
00
43
53
00
20
20
04
4B
20
04
OF5C
53
5B
44 . 54
48 4C
45
44
3A
3A
20
20
04
04
20
48
53
4F
49
44
45
49
4C
4E
44
47 04
48
4C
2) TSC DEBUG PACKAGE
4106
4109
410C
410F
7E
7E
7E
F800
F803
F821
F404
INCH
OUTCH
MONITOR
KEYBOARD PIA
42A1
42A3
42A5
2B
A6
01
OA
00
BMI PCRLF2
LDAA O,X
NOP
CHECKS FOR
CHAR. FROM
KEYBOARD
42BE
42CO
42C1
2B
01
A6
FC
00
BMI WAITR1
NOP
LDAA O,X
CHECK FOR CHAR.
42C5
B1
4112
CMPA DEL
CNTRL C?
5999
00
04
NOTE: An "ESC" Character will stop the display. A control ICI will restart it.
This is the only difference from standard operation. It is necessary due
to the operation of the keyboard scan routine.
3) TSC DISASSEMBLER
1900
190C
190F
8E
7E
7E
F36F
F803
F800
197A
00
04
STACK
OUTCH
INCH
0-2
4) TSC KLINGON CAPTURE
002F
0032
0035
0038
003B
003E
03B2
0305
040F
045A
0470
0499
0401
051A
055E
058B
05C7
0605
0672
0694
0681
06E4
0724
074C
0765
0765
079F
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
00
F806
F803
F800
F04A
F821
F36F
OA OA
POATA
OUTCH
INCH
RANDOM
CONTROL
STACK
OA OA
OA
(Replace all NULLS
with LF' s, which
TVBUG wi 11 not
Respond to).
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
5) TSC RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR
Use Quick Load Function to enter. Start Location F04A. Change all lAO I to 'FO I
and seed F070,1,2,3,4 with Non-Zero Numbers.
6) TSC BATTLESHIP
0100
0107
OlOA
0100
8E
7E
7E
7E
F36F
F803
FaOO
F821
066E
00
04
0732
OA
OA
7E
7E
7E
F803
FaOO
F806
STACK
OUTCH
INCH
~NITOR
OA
OA
OA
7) TSC STOCKMARKET
0102
0105
0108
OUTCH
INCH
POATA
D-3
OA
0108
040E
0111
0114
0117
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
F982
F986
F82l
F04A
F36F
04CO
04ED
058A
05B7
05E6
0621
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
04
0102
01(j5
0108
010B
010E
0111
0114
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
F803
F800
F806
F9B4
F82l
F04A
F36F
021F
0245
00
00
04
OA
0034
0037
P03A
0030
0040
0043
0046
7E
7E
7£
7E
7E
7E
8E
F04A
F806
F803
F800
F982
F986
F36F
0223
00
04
022A
00
0241
00
02AF
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
02FD
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OUTCH
OUTHR
CONTROL
RANDOM
STACK
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
8) TSC HANGMAN
OUTCH
INCH
PDATA
OUTS
CONTROL
RANDOM
STACK
OA
OA
OA
OA
9) TSC ACEY- DUCEY
RANDOM
PDATA
OUTCH
INCH
OUTHL
OUTHR
STACK
0-4
OA
10) TSC 'CRAPS'
11)
0022
0025
0028
002B
002E
0031
0034
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
·7E
7E
F04A
F806
F803
F800
F982
F986
F82l
RANDOM
POATA
OUTCH
INCH
OUTHL
OUTHR
CONTROL
0044
8E
F36F
STACK
0238
0243
0252
025A
0269
0289
02Al
032E
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
04
OA
OA
OA
OA
TSC MASTERMIND
0042
0045
0048
004B
004E
0051
0054
0057
005A
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
F800
F803
F806
F9B4
F982
F986
F82l
F04A
F36F
0173
018A
OIAB
OlCl
OlCF
01E7
0206
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
INCH
OUTCH
POATA
OUTS
OUTHL
OUTHR
CONTROL
RANDOM
STACK
0-5
las
OA
12) TSC CARD SHUFFLE AND DEAL
0061
0100
0115
OllA
OllF
012E
0137
BD
8E
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
F04A
F36F
F803
F803
F803
F806
F806
013B
00
04
0141
00
00
014B
BD
F803
OUTCH
F36F
F806
F04A
F806
F800
F806
F806
F806
F806
F806
F986
F806
F800
F82l
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
00
OA
OA
STACK
PDATA
RANDOM
PDATA
INCH
POATA
PDATA
POATA
PDATA
POATA
OUTHR
POATA
INCH
CONTROL
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
RANDOM
STACK
OUTCH
OUTCH
OUTCH
PDATA
PDATA
00
04
13) TSC NUMBER GUESS 1
0020
0028
002B
0039
003C
004A
0058
0060
0068
0071
0076
007C
007F
0086
0089
00A6
OOBA
0003
OOOF
OOEC
00F9
OllA
012C
8E
BD
BD
BD
BO
BO
BD
BO
BD
BO
BO
BO
BO
BD
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
0-6
14) TSC NUM8ER GUESS II
0042
0045
0048
0048
004E
0051
0054
0057
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
F803
F800
F806
F982
F986
F821
F04A
F36F
0125
0155
0168
0183
OlEO
00
00
04
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
00
OA
OA
OA
OA
OA
0022
0025
0028
0028
002E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
F04A
F806
F800
F803
F821
RANDOM
POATA
INCH
OUTCH
CONTROL
0038
8E
F36F
STACK
013C
0150
O1A3
00
00
00
04
0022
0025
0028
0028
002E
0049
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
8E
F04A
F806
F800
F803
F821
F36F
0188
01C3
0102
0220
00
00
00
00
04
OUTCH
INCH
POATA
OUTHL
OUTHR
CONTROL
RANDOM
STACK
15) TSC HURKLE
16) TSC ROVER
RANDOM
POATA
INCH
OUTCH
CONTROL
0-7
/!'1
17} TSC SWITCH
0102
0105
0108
010B
010E
0111
0114
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
F800
F806
F982
F986
F9B4
F821
F04A
0215
.0230
00
00
00
0042
0045
0048
004B
004E
0051
7E
7E
7E
1E
7E
8E
F803
F800
F806
F9B4
F821
F36F
0178
01A2
01B8
00
00
00
04
04
00
0106
0109
010F
0112
0115
7E
7E
7E
7E
7E
F821
F800
F803
FOOO
F020
0042
0888
00
F408
04
01F8
0252
0496
01C7
BD
BO
01
B6
01
01
01
F4
04
INCH
POATA
OUTHL
OUTHR
OUTS
CONTROL
RANDOM
OA
OA
OA
OA
18) TSC CH----.
RTS
Nf1r1
TTL
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