Modern_Data_1971_01 Modern Data 1971 01
Modern_Data_1971_01 Modern_Data_1971_01
User Manual: Modern_Data_1971_01
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MODERN DATA
TECHNOLOGY
PROFILES:
OPTICAL
READERS
AND OCR
"*
DISK/ DRUM
STORAGE
JANUARY 1971
On Target lNith Solutions
Our systems-capability solutions are dead-center on your
minicomputer problems.
We aim to solve your problems
in a variety of ways. Aside from
our line of general-purpose
computers described below,
we have a full range of
DELIVERABLE software: MOS,
FORTRAN IV, BASIC, RPG IV,
among others. We offer the
largest line of FIELD-PROVEN
peripherals. And we have maintenance contracts that are tailored to your system needs. We
have a special Systems
Engineering Department that
DELIVERS.
Now about that hardware ...
620 / i: The total capability
minicomputer. So great, over
1400 used worldwide.
620/ t: New, so fast it just did
one mega-execution while you
read "so fast," completely compatible with the 620/ i.
R620 / i: The number one ruggedized minicomputer.
520 / DC: Today's most costeffective data communications
system .
CIRCLE NO. 1 ON INQUIRY CARD
If you want to be on target with
TOTAL solutions, why not talk
to the big company in small
computers?
U.S. Sales Offices: Downey,
San Diego, San Francisco,
Calif.; Washington, D.C.; Chicago, III.; Waltham , Mass.; Ann
Arbor, Mich.; Minneapolis,
Minn.; Albuquerque, New Mex.;
New Rochelle, Syracuse, N. Y.;
Fort Washington, Pa.; Dallas,
Houston, Texas. Other offices
worldwide.
Varian Data Machines, a Varian
subsidiary, 2722 Michelson Dr.,
Irvine, California 92664. Telephone 714/ 833-2400.
varian
data machines
The Big Company in Small Computers
HARD
COpy
UNIT
Permanent copies from
Graphic Computer Terminal and . ..
This New Hard Copy Unit produces copies directly
f rom Tektronix Storage CRT's. Operati on is easy. At
the push of a button or upon programmed com mand ,
your computer outputs are permanently recorded on
rep roducible copies. In just 18 seconds a high resolution copy of even complex displays is ready for use.
Now, information from your computer is qu tckly
copied for distribution to management and office
personnel. These copies are ideal fo r portfolios and
permanent records-and serve as a qu ick, inexpensive method to keep business clients and associates
informed with current information.
• • • the T4005 Graphic Display
COpy COST is less than 8 cents per 8.5 x 11-inch
copy, depending upon usage.
When people who have a need to know can 't come to
see the computer display, send them a copy. With
the 4601 Hard Copy Unit you'll have a quick, easy,
low-cost way to record and send information when
and where it's needed.
r=J
~
• • • the 611 Storage Display Unit
For add itional information, contact your Tektronix
Field Engineer or, Application Engineer: or write to
Tektronix, Inc., P. O. Box 500, Beaverton , Oregon
97005.
4601 Hard Copy Unit ... .. , .. . . .. . . ... .. ... . . . .. . . . . $3750
T4002 Graphic Computer Terminal, less iflterface .. . ... $8800
Available in U.S. through the Tektronix lease plan
u.s.
TEKTRO.NIX®
_
Sales Price FO B Beaverton, Oregon
MODERN DA TAl Janua ry 1971
CIRCLE NO. 2 ON INQUIRY CARD
committed to
technical excellence
80,001
Small thing with an automated
graphics system? Maybe. But when
your computer drops a bit of
information? Or when your system
encounters mechanical drag or
interference?
Small thing? Not when you 're
halfway through a complex drawing
that takes hours to do and your
drafting department doesn't have
enough time as it is.
With DAT APLOTTER® systems you
don't have to worry. Back up the
tape control unit to the trouble spot
on the drawing, drop the pen and
go again . .. it's all very casual ,
fast and accurate.
Small thing? Try it on other
automatic plotting machines.
Chances are you'll have to throw
away the drawing and start over.
Most other plotters are incremental
(and incidentally pretty noisy) . It
means that the last plotting
reference was the pen's last position
on the table . Disturb it and you've
lost the reference. DATAPLOTTER
systems operate from absolute
reference all the time (and quietly) .
The drawing assembly backs up and
repeats unerringly (±0.003" yet).
A small point? Maybe not.
There are other big points you ought
to know about DATAPLOTTER
systems. Like six modes of plotting
that give you built-in versatility.
Like straight lines and smooth
curves at any angle with no
The re is more to tell about the
DAT APLOTTER system than we
have room for here. Further
descriptive materi al? - you rs for
the asking. Just write or call
Electronic Associates, Inc. , West
Long Branch, New Jersey 07764.
Phone : 201-229-1100 ask for Tony
Glinskas ; In Un ited Kingdom:
Victoria Road, Burgess Hill, Sussex,
England ; In Europe : 116-120 rue
des Palais, Brussels, Belgium ; In
Canada : 6427 Northern Drive,
Malton , Ontario.
"sawtooth effect". Like resolution
of .001 inch. Like 16" per second
curve speeds. Like a six-foot
plotting surface of the 430/200
DATAPLOTTER system . Like many
packages of applications software
... symbol drawing, three
dimensional drawing, contour
drawing, schematic drawing, subdivision plotting, and numerical
control.
Enough.
and some folks still think
we just make analog computers.
ask about DATAPLDTTER Systems
" " " NO 3 ON INQUIRY
~~ Iftraphic systems
JANUARY 1971 • VOLUME 4 • NO.1
MODERN DATA
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
42
TIME-SHARING SERVICES - REGION I
N ew England and Mid-Atlantic States; Eastern Canada
This Profile initiates a new series on time-sharing services, cove1"ing vendoTs on a regional
hasis and published quarteTly
.
TECH NOLOGY PROF ILE
58
DISK & DRUM DRIVES - Part 1
IBM 23 11 & 23 14 Compati b le Disk-Pack Drives
Plug-to-plug compatible 2.'311 and 2.'314 disk-pack drives produced by independent manufacturers are outlined.
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
66
OPTICAL READERS & OCR
This Profile discusses the operation and applications of optical mark, code, and character
readers, and the future of OCR in the Seventies.
28
Corporate Profile - ITEL CORPORATION
30
Communications Clinic - A REVIEW & FORECAST
34
The Systems Scene - COMMERCIAL MINI SYSTEMS REVISITED
36
Software Forum - HOW TO SPELL MIS
38
Up the System Down-Time -
40
Source Data Automation -
8
ONLY MAMAS GIVE GOLD STARS
PUSHBUTTON TELEPHONES
LETTERS TO EDITOR
26
STOCK TRENDS
18
NEWS ROUNDUP
65
WHBW
19
ORDERS & INSTAllATIONS
84
NEW PRODUCTS
20
DC DATAS CAN
86
NEW SOFTWARE & SERVICES
22
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
87
NEW LITERATURE
24
CORPORATE & FINANCIAL NEWS
88
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
READER SERVICE CARDS ..... . ...... .... ....... . .... . .. .. ... ... . . . .. OPPOSITE PAGE 88
MODERN DATA/January 1971
3
The
12 megabit
mini-mate
Imagine: a new four-transport magnetic tape system for minicomputers
that stores up to 1,250,000 8-bit data words - far more than any other tape
system you can economically link to your min icomputer.
The storage capacity of each tape varies with the tape length , number of
bits per word , and number of words in each record. Standard cartridge tape
lengths are 10, 25, 50, 100 and 150 feet. Each cartridge contains two tapes.
'\ With 150-foot tapes, each of the four tape loops is capable of hold ing over
3 million data bits.
............ .
But you'll get much more than high capac ity.
You'll get a high data transfer rate : 18,000 bits-per-second.
You'll get a level of data reliability found only among the largest,
most soph isticated systems ; applications even include business
data processing. You can select 8,12, or 16-bit computer words .
You'll get four tape transports which let your minicomputer
separate, sort, match or merge quickly and conveniently
.- making your minicomputer a true EDP center. You 'll
even get a cartridge warranty for 200 operating hours.
Add it all up and you'll find the CartriFile Model 4196
System is truly a minicomputer tape un it w ith far
more capac ity, speed, accuracy, and flexibility than any
other you can find.
Price : $6,050 complete with interface, cabling, basic
software-everything you need to connect
to your computer.
For full information, just call or write: TRI-DATA,
800 Maude Avenue, Mountain View, California 94040,
(415) 969-3700. Ask for your tree copy of our new CartriFi le TRI-OATA
System brochure.
'flj
Cartri File is a registered trademark of Tri·Oa ta Corporatio n
MODERN DATA
S. HENRY SACKS
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER
WILLIAM A. GANNON
ASSOC . PUBLISHER
ALAN R. KAPLAN
ASSOC . EDITOR
JOHN
ASSOC. EDITOR
LOUIS
ASSOC. EDITOR
A.
MURPHY
J.
BROCK
DAN M. BOWERS
CHIEF EDITORIAL CONSULTANT
WASHINGTON EDITOR : Harold V. Sem ling, Jr. WEST COAST EDITOR : Ka re n Kuttne r. FINANCIAL
NEWS ED ITOR : James I. Leabman. EUROPEAN ED ITOR : Richard Pettersen . NEW YORK ED ITOR :
Stanley Klein .
CONSULTING AND CONTR IBUTING EDITORS : Ralph G. Berg lund; J. Reese Brown, Jr.; Richard
T. Buesche l; Larry l. Constantine; Th omas DeMarco; Maurits P. deRegt; Ke n Fa lo r; Lawre nce A.
Feidelman; Ivan Flores; Michael B. French; Fay Herman; Walter A. Levy; Thurber J. Moffett; Joseph
Po p o lo; J o hn E. Taft; J erome B. Weiner.
Ed itor ial Prod .: Ruth Martin , Manager; Judith DeWitt, Diane Burkin, Sally Haskins, Assts.
Circu lation Dept: Carol Grace, Manager; Stephen E. Hughes, Asst.
Ass't. to Pub li she r: Donna l. Ma iocca
Cov e r Artist: William Kwiatkowski
ADVERTISING PROD. MANAGER .
• BERNARD GREENS IDE
All correspondence regarding circulation, advertising, and e d itori a l sho uld be add ressed to the
publication offices at:
MODERN DATA
3 LO CKLAND AVEN UE
FRAMINGHAM, MASS. 01701
Published monthly and copyrighted 1971 by Modern Data Services, Inc., 3 Lockland Ave., Framingham, Mass.
01701. The contents of this publication (in excess of 500 wo rds) may not be reproduced in whole or in
part without wr itten permission.
SUBSCR IPTIONS: Circulated without charge by name and title to U.S.-based corporate
and technical management, systems engineers, systp.ms analysts, EDP managers, software
I=I~'
specialists, and other personnel who qualify under our qualification procedures. Avail •
___ _
able to others at the rate of $18.00 per year; single issues $1.75. Subscription rate for
all fore ign subscriptions is $25 .00 per year (12 issues ). POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 10 : Circulation Dept.,
Modern Data, 3 Lockland Avenue, Framingham, Mass. 01701. Controlled circulation postage paid at Concord, N. H.
SALES OFFICES
SALES MANAGER
ROBERT J . BANDINI
NEW ENGLAND
Wm. A. G annon, 3 Lo ckl an d Ave n ue, Fram ingha m, Mass . 0170 1
(617) 872-4 824
NEW YORK
Robert J . Bandini, 400 Madison Ave., Suite 40 1, N.Y., N.Y . 10017
(2 12) 753-0375, (203) 226-3544
PHILADELPHIA
Don McCann, 116 Haddon Ave., Suite C, Haddonfie ld, N.J. 08033
(609) 428-2522
Computer
Automation's
16-bit computers
have free hardware Mul./Div.
and 3 DMC's
KEY FEATURES OFFERED
IN ADDITION TO THREE
LEVELS OF VECTORED
INTERRUPTS.
Working with control systems?
Then you're in for a pleasant surprise. The popular 216 and 116
model computers by Computer
Automation have as standard features, at no added cost, Hardware
Multiply / Divide and three Direct
M emory Channels. Each computer
has an exceptionally large instruction set (122 basic instructions, over
500 with Microcoding) . Co uple this
with the vectored priority interrupts,
direct memor y channels and hardware arithmetic features. End result? An extremely powerful , but
easy-to-apply computer.
Both computers are exceptionall y
fast. The model 216, for example,
performs a multiply in 12.6 I'seconds . Even shorter multiply times
are possible if the multiplier is less
than 16 bits.
The Direct Memory Channels do
not require extra hardware to implement. Peripheral interface options
supplied by Computer Automation
have the capability of operating
under DM C control. Additional
DMC channels can be added for as
low as $100 per channel. All D M C's
may be operated simultaneously
within the limit of memory speeds.
The CPU registers are not affected
by the DMC's when transferring
data into or out of memor y, allowing the DMC's to be used independent ly of foregrou nd programs.
Headquartered in California with
sales offices throughout the U nited
States and in the United Kingdom.
Computer Automat ion produce ~
five models of computers priced
from $2,800 in OEM quantities.
COMPUTER AUTOMATION, INC.
MIDWEST
Ge rald E. Wolfe, The Pattis Group, 476 1 Touhy Ave., Linco lnwood, II I. 60646
WEST COAST & SOUTHWEST
J o hn Up hoff, 711 Eas t W a ln ut St., La nds Bld g., Pasade na, Ca l. 9 110 1
(31 2) 679-1 100
895 West 16th Street· Newport Beach , California
92660· Phon e (714) 642·9630 • TWX 910-596-1377
(21 3) 68 1-1 J33
THIS ISSUE OVER 82,000 COPIES
CIRCLE NO. 5 ON INQUIRY CARD
MO DERN DATAl J anuary 197 1
5
Assemblers and Compilers
Part No.
Conversat'ional FORTRAN-4K . 393295
Conversational FORTRAN .... 394005
Real -Time FORTRAN IV .. ... . 392957
Real -Time FORTRAN IV-8K .. . 393297
Real-Time FORTRAN IV-MPS8K .... . . . .............. 545898
Real-Time FORTRAN IV-MPS16K .. .... . ............ . 545899
SYMI / PREP Assembler .. . ... 393304
SYM II Assembler .. . .... ... . 391878
Param etric Pro g A ssembler .. 545900
SYM CONC - Assemb le &
Conco rd .. ... ........... 545956
System Loaders
Absolute Loader ... . . . . .. . . 394869
Absoluter-Linking-Disk ... .. . 393255
Bootstrap Loader ... . ... .... 390363
Loader, Initial-Card . . .. .. .. 393259
Relocating Lo ader-Basic . . ... 390682
Resident Loader .. ......... . 391916
Resid ent Loader-MPS ....... 394870
RTOS Disk Bootstrap . .... . . . 391917
(14 addition al Lo aders)
Input/Output Routines
Mag Tape Drv r - 7 & 9 Tr DI O . 393303
Teleco mmuni cati ons Drv r .. . 546354
Cassette Tape Drvr . .... . . .. 546355
Card Punch Dri ver .... .. . .. . 390018
Card Reader Drive r ..... . ... 390019
DIDS Driver ... . . ........... . 39 2975
Disk and Mag Tape Driver .... 391040
Line Pri nter Drive r . . .. .. .... 3900 20
Plotter Driver ... .. ... . .. . .. . 392295
Plotte r Interface Routine ..... 392306
Plotter Interface-FORTRAN . .. 393949
Te letype Hi Spd Paper Tape
10 Dr ......... . . . .. . .... 392292
Teletype Multiplexer Driver .. . 391909
Monitors and Executives
Paper Tape 110 System ...... 393954
Mon itor X-RAY ......... . ... 279988
Mo nitor-Master List ..... . ... 391875
MPS Batc h Backgrd Exec . ... 394863
MPS EXECF Exec Foregrd . . . 394862
MTOS Qu eue Ld r Processor .. 545398
MTOS Qu eue Processor .. . . . 393980
MTOS X-RAY . ....... . ..... 393979
RTOS-Real Ti me X-RAY ..... . 391881
X-RAY EXEC - Bas ic .. . . . . . . 390779
X-RAY EXEC - Standard : .... 391305
X-RAY EXEC Di sk and Tape . . 390826
Mon itor Config 1 Std ........ 392 297
(76 additional Stand ard vers ions)
Mo nitor Confi g 66 MTOS ..... 393978
(15 add ition al MTOS versi ons)
Monito r Config 135 M PS .. . . . 545404
Monito r Config 148 MPS ..... 545737
Monitor Con fig 176 RTOS . ... 545957
(80 addition al RTOS vers ions)
Utility Programs
Card Sequencer . . ........ . . 392920
Card (Holl) to P.T. 703
(ASCII) .. ... . .. .. . ... . .. 279590
Concordance Program . . .. .. 393951
Utility Programs
Part No.
Copy Program-Symbiont . .... 393302
Data Acquisition Tape Dump .. 545397
Debug , Basic . ........ .. ... 545412
Disk Dump .... ..... . ... . . . 390539
Disk Vector Li st-Master ...... 394888
Disk Vector Li st-MPS ........ 545374
Disk Vector Li st-RTOS ...... . 545373
Library Exten sion Processor . . 391914
Library Ext Processor-MPS . .. 394871
Loader Text Lister . . . ....... 391918
Mag Tape System Generator .. 393992
Memory Boundry Lister-MPS .. 545351
Message Processor-MPS ..... 394929
MPS System Generator . . .. .. 394864
OP Cod e Statistics . .. . . .. .. . 392964
Paper Tape Library Repro . . .. 393241
Paper Tape Reproduction ... . 392245
Peat List ...... . .. . . .. ... .. 545904
Peat List-MPS .......... .... 545347
Period ic Queue Lister-MPS ... 545371
Processor Extend -MPS .. . .. 545350
Queue Lister-MPS ... . . .... . 545372
Resident Task Lister-MPS ... . 545368
RTOS-Queu e Processor ..... 391879
RTOS-Sysgen 1 .. .. . . ....... 391876
RTOS-Sysgen 2 ... . . . .... . .. 391877
Symbolic Program Editor- .. . . 390941
System Editor . ... . ... . . ... 391915
System Gene rator ......... . 390297
System Lister-MPS .......... 545380
System Li ster-MTOS .. .. . .. . 545381
System Lister-RTOS .. . ..... 54538 2
T ape Dump .. .. . .. . ........ 390540
T racel Debu g Package . . .... 39108 2
Trace l Debu g Package-MPS .. 394868
Array Transform Processor
ATP Driver Ad d . ......... . . . 545923
ATP Driver FFT Complex Set. 545932
ATP Dri ver FFT Table Gen .... 545933
(17 additiona l ATP Driver vers ions)
ATP FFT Coeff Source Gen . . . 545940
ATP FORTRAN FFT Compact
Real Set . ....... .. ... .. . . 394907
ATP FORT RAN FFT Complex
Set .................. . . . 394906
ATP FORTRAN FFT Two
Rea l Sets . ...... .. ....... 394905
ATP FORTRAN No rmalize .. . . 394895
ATP FORTRAN Relocate and
Convert . .. .. . . .. . ... .. . . 394893
ATP FORTRAN Reo rd er an d
Exchange .......... . .... 394894
(14 add ition al ATP FORTRAN vers ion s)
ATP Hardcore Test . ......... 545778
ATP Simulator Add & Sub .... 39491 7
ATP Simul ator Add & SP ..... 394918
(15 additional ATP Simul ators)
ATP System Test . .. . .. . . .. . 545782
ATP Test Program Ph ase 1 ... 545779
ATP Test Program Phase 2 ... 545780
ATP Test Program Phase 3 .. . 545781
Diagnostic and Test Programs
Buffered 1/ 0 Channel Test
Per 71 .. . . . ....... .... . . . 390057
Card Punch Test (Per 61) .... 390056
Diagnostic and Test Programs Part No.
Column Card Reader Test
(Per 62) ................. 391882
Computer Hardcore Checkout 390003
Data Acquisition Test Low
Level .... . . . ........ . . . . 545396
Data Tab and Trend Program . 392251
Diag All Instr 704 CPU 30 .. .. 545734
(51 additional diagnostic and Test
Prog rams)
Math Library
ARC Tangent-MP Floating
Point ................... 390010
BCD to Binary (4 Digits) ...... 392984
BCD to Character Code
(4 Digits) ..... . . . ........ 392986
Binary to BCD (4 Digits) ..... . 392985
Character Code to BCD
(4 Digits) ...... . . . ....... 392983
Convert MP Float to DP Fi x ... 392338
Convert MP Float to SP Fi x ... 392339
Double Shift Magnitude . . . . . . 390017
DP Fi xed Point, Add , Subtract. 391 083
DP Fi xe d Point, Two 's
Complement .... .. .. ... .. 390664
Exponential -MP Fl oating
Point . ... .. . .. ...... .. .. 390009
Math Convert Fxd Pt to
MP Float ........ . .. . ... . 391 094
Math Db le Shift Arithmetic . ... 391085
Math DP Fixed Point Load .... 391079
Math DP Fi xed Poi nt Store . . . 391081
Math MP Fl oati ng, DP Fixed
Comp r .. .... . ........... 391088
Math MP Floating Load ...... 391 075
Math MP Fl oating Ove rfl ow ... 390015
Math MP Floating Store ...... 391077
Math MP Floati ng Underflo w .. 390014
Math SP Cu mulative Multiply . 391101
(12 additional Math Programs)
FORTRAN IV-Commands and
Operations
Array Address Hard . .. ... ... 39231 4
Array Add ress Soft ..... . . .. . 392930
Assig n Comman d ..... . • . . .. 390047
Computed Go To . . . .. .. . . . . 390059
DO Lo op Terminator . . . . .. .. 390048
Error Messag e .. . . .... .. . .. 391890
Go To Functio n .. . . .. . ... . . . 390039
If Command .. . ... .. .. ..... . 390043
Overfl ow and Divide Check
(OVERFL) .... .. ... . .... . 391891
Ove rfl ow Fl ag Set . ......... 391913
Pau se Subro utine ........... 390055
Relati onal Ope rators ........ 392955
Run-Time Execu t ive
Non-Recursive . ... .. .. . .. 391912
Run-Tim e Executive
Recursive ...... . .. . ... . . 393251
Sense Switc h Test (SSWTCH) . 390054
Start-Up Routine .. ....... ... 393 262
Sto p and Exit ............. . 391911
FORTRAN IV-Input/Output
Processors
1/ 0 Dummy . ... . ........ ... 392988
Magnetic Tape Simulator ... . 392330
I ...
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FORTRAN IV-Input/Output
Processors
Part No.
FORTRAN IV-Real and
MP Operations
Repetitive I/ O Processor .... 392931
Run Time I/ O Processor .. . .. 391905
Run Time I/ O ProcessorSpecial ..... . .. . ... . ... . 391906
Natural Logarithm (ALOG
ELOG) ..... . .... .. .... . . 390053
Real and MP Sign Transfer
(SIGN ESIGN) ..... .. ..... 390035
Real MP
DP Absolute Value
(ABS EABS) . . .. .. . .. .. . . 390045
Real Positive Difference
(DIM) . . .......... . .. . .. . 390046
Real and MP Minimum Value
(MIN1 AMIN1) ........... . 390044
Sine and Cosine (SIN COS
ESIN ECOS) . ... ...... . .. 390050
Square Root (SQRT ESQRT) .. 390049
Truncation (AINT EINT) . . .... 391900
X Modulo Y (AMOD EMOD) . . . 391899
FORTRAN IV-Integer and
Logical Opns
Exponentiation I" J . . .. . ... . 391896
Four Word Store .... '.' ...... 390028
Integer
Logical to
DP MP
Real . . . . ..... . . 390024
Integer Add Sub and
OR EOR .. .. . .... . ....... 390037
Integer Negative Store ..... . . 390040
Integer to Logical .... . . . .... 390021
Logical Not ......... . .. . . .. 390038
One Word Store . ...... . .... 390060
SP Integer Multiply ...... . ... 391901
SP Integer Quotient and
Remainder .... . ... . .. ... 391902
SP Integer Soft Divide Mode .. 392310
SP Integer Soft Multiply .. . . . . 392309
Two Word Store . . .......... 390027
+
+
FORTRAN IV-Integer Functions
Integer Absolute Value (lABS) . 390031
Integer Maximum Va lue
(MAXO AMAXO) .......... 390033
Integer Minimum Value
(MINO AMINO) ... .. . . .. .. 390032
Integer Positive Difference
(I DIM) .. ..... ... .. .. .. .. 390030
Integer Sign Transfer (ISIGN) . 390034
FORTRAN IV-Real and
MP Operations
Comple x
Real to DP
MP
(DBLE) . .. .... .. ... . . . . . 390026
Real to
Complex DP MP
Logical .. . .... . . . ... . . . . 390022
Complex DP MP and Real to
Integer . . .. . . . . .. ..... .. 390023
Double Shift Magnitude ...... 391893
MP to Real (SNGL) . .. . 390025
DP
Exponentiation X" J . ... . ... 391898
Exponentiation X· ·Y . . . ..... 391895
Exponentiation
X(Mid)' 'Y(Re al) . . . . ..... 391897
Floating Point. . . ....... . ... 391903
MP Negative Store . ... . ... .. 390042
Polynomial . . ... .... . . ... . . 391892
Real Negative Store ......... 390041
Soft Floating Point ....... . .. 392311
+
+
+
+
FORTRAN IV-Real and MP
Functions
Arc Tangent (ATAN ATAN2
ETAN ETAN2) ... ... . . .. .. 390051
Common Logarithm (ALOG10
ELOG 10) . ... .. .. .. . . . . .. 391894
Exponential (EXP EEXP) . ... . 390052
Hyperbolic Tangent (TANH) . . 392978
Maximum Value Real Mid
Integer (MAX1) .... . .... .. 391889
MP Hyperbolic Tangent
(ET AN) . ...... . ... .. . . .. 392979
Part No.
+
FORTRAN IV-Double Precision
Integer Opns
Complex Real MP DP to
Double Integer ..... . . . ... 392246
Double Integer Add ......... 392254
Double Integer Divide .. . .... 392257
Double Integer Multiply ... .. . 392256
Double Integer Negative
Store .... . ........ . ..... 391872
Double Integer Subtract .... .. 392255
Double Integer to DP .... . .. . 392280
Double Integer to Integer .... 391885
Double Integer to Logical. . .. 391886
Double Integer"to Real
and MP . . ...... . . . ...... 392247
DP Integer Exponentiation .... 392954
Exponentiation X" JJ . ....... 392955
Integer
Logical to Double
Integer . ..... . . .. .... .. . 391887
Three Word Shift .. . . .. .. ... 392953
+
FORTRAN IV-Complex Operations
Complex Addition and
Subtraction . .. . . . . ..... . . 392926
Complex Multiply and Divide . . 392927
Complex Negative Store . .. .. 391908
Complex ·· Complex . ... . . .. 392268
Complex" Int 01 Real DP .. . 322928
Complex" Mid-Precision ... . 392266
Non-Complex Data Types to
Complex .. . . ..... .. ... . . 391888
FORTRAN IV-Complex Functions
Complex Conjugate (CONJG) . 392271
Complex Exponential (CEXP). 392273
Complex Imaginary Part
(AIMAG) ... . . . . . . . ... . . . 392269
Complex Modulus (CABS) .. . . 392272
Complex Natural Log (CLOG). 392274
Complex Sine and Cosine . . .. 392929
Complex Square Root . .... . . 392277
Two Reals toComplex
(CMPLX) . . . .. . .. . . ... .. . 392270
FORTRAN IV-Double Precision
Operations
MP to DP Conversion .... . ... 390029
Double Precision Compare . . . 392283
DP Exponentiation X" J ..... 392944
DP Exponentiation X" JJ .... 392945
CIRCLE NO. 6 ON INQUIRY CARD
FORTRAN IV-Double
Precision Operations
Part No.
DP Exponentiation X" Y
(M R) .. . ..... . ........ . . 392942
DP Exponentiation X"Y ..... 392943
DP Floating Po int .... . .. . ... 392951
DP to Mid-Precision .. .. ..... 391874
DP Negative Store ... . .... .. 391873
DP Polynomial ........ . .... 392949
FORTRAN IV-Double Precision
Functions
DP Arc Tangent (DTAN
DTAN2) . . .. . .. . .. . ...... 392941
DP Common Log . . .......... 392946
DP Exponential (DEXP) .. . ... 392948
DP Natural Log (DLOG) .. . . . . 392947
DP Sign Transfer ... . ....... 391910
DP Sine and Cosine (DSIN
DCOS) ............... . . 392940
DP Square Root (DSQR) ..... 392939
DP (MOD X) ..... .. ........ . 392950
Maximum Value Double
Precision (DMAX1) ..... . .. 392281
Minimum Value Double
Precision (DM I N1) .. . ..... 392282
Application Programs
Compositing Program ....... 390302
Data Acquisition and
Record Prog . . ........... 390876
LSI Test Control Program .... 391076
LSI Test Translator . ......... ;391 078
Petroleum Flow Data Monitor . 392289
Playback Program . .. .. .... . 390769
Seismic Compositing System . 390840
Seismic Software System . .. . 392244
Seismic System Operations
Guide .... .. . . .. . .. . .... 390878
Setup Program .. .... . ... . .. 390839
Wire Wrap-Form Factor
Control ... . . . .. . ...... . . 392293
Data Acquisition SystemFORTRAN ... . . . .. ... .. . 545776
Data Processing Programs
Data Compare-Binary or
Character ..... ... . " , . . .. 393320
Data Move with Character
Suppression .. . . .. . . . ... . 393322
Edit Print Format . .. . ... . ... 393321
Get/Put Card Files . .. . . ... . . 393314
Get/Put Tape Files . . . .. .... 393315
Inventory File Control . . .. . ... 393313
Inventory Master File
Maintenance ..... . . ..... 393310
Load Non-Serial Disk Files ... 393316
Monthly Transaction Register. 393312
Move or Convert and Move
Data ............ .. .. . " .393318
Print Page Control .......... 393319
Read Non-Serial Disk Files . .. 393317
Sort/Merge-Control ....... .. 393306
Sort/Merge-Intermediate
Merge . . .. .... . .. . . . .. . . 393308
Sort/Merge-Merge ... ...... 393309
Sort /Merge-Primary Sort . . ... 393307
Shop Schedule Report
System ............. . .. . 393311
LETTERS TO EDITOR
To the Editor:
In th e 1970 October editorial, entitled "The New Science Advisor,"
wonderment was expressed about
the extent of Dr. Edward E. D avid's competence in computers.
This letter is intended to enlighten
both your staff and your readers on
this point.
In October 1968 the NATO Science Committee held ' the first conference on software engin eering, at
Garmisch, Germany. Attendan ce
was limited to some 60 of th e b est
known and most expert computer
people in the world. I am sending
a copy of the reports of this and
the subsequent meeting to MODERN
DATE for reference, for in my opinion th ey are classic documents , in
content and style.
One of the major contributions
to the first conference wa~ Dr. D avid's "Some Thoughts about Production of Large Computer Systems." I have quoted from it more
8
than once in my own pap ers . The
quotation index is also illuminating. Using th e count of quotations
as a rough measure of influ ence,
we find Prof. Alan Perlis was
quoted most (26 ), Dr. David next
( 25 ), A. G. Fraser ( 20 ), Ken Kolence ( 17 ), the late Asch er Opler
of IBM (15 ), and so forth. Certainly readin g these quotations and
talking with th e conference attendees would b e convincin g proof of
Dr. D avid's deep understanding of
computers and, in particular, software.
On anoth er point in the same
paragraph , I insist that Bell Telephone Laboratories are a leading
influ ence in the computer industry.
Show me anoth er computer manufa cturer ( they are, you know ) that
produ ces h ardware and software
which togeth er do not have more
th an two hours downtim e in 40
years!
On e of Dr. David's responsi-
CIRCLE NO. 7 ON INQUIRY CARD
bilities at Bell L abs was th e Picturephon e, and isn 't that a computer terminal? I should mention
also that h e was th e original Chairman of the Communications Sector
for the ACM '70 Conference, at my
request, and resign ed only b ecause
of an overload of commitments,
on e of which may have b een to
prepare for this new assignment.
I think our industry should b e
grateful that Dr. David has b een
assigned to this most influ ential
position, not becaus e he has been
in part a "computer expert," but
b ecause computer exposure has
sharpened his insight for systems
trade-offs. That's what you need
wh en you are short on resources
and time, as this Earth is.
R. W . Berner
Honeywell
The Editor's Reply: Mr. Berner has
made a valuable contribution to all
of us by doctl.1nenting Dr. David's
credentials, which were, however,
never in doubt. Also, I share the
sentiments which Mr. Bemer expresses in the concluding paragraph of his letter.
MODE RN DATA/ J anua ry 1971
your computer
an$wering phone$ make$
a$ much $en$e a$ your
board of director$
$weeping floor$ .••
A DigiNet ·1600 Data Concentrator
makes dollars and "sense"
Your Board of Directors was elected to direct-and
your computer was acquired to compute. --But how
much "salary" are you paying it to "answer phones"?
With a General Electric DigiNet-1600 Data Concentrator on the job, your computer can resign from the phone
answering chores and do more of what you are paying
for--COMPUTING! ---But controlling phone networks is but part of the total job a DigiNet- 1600 Concentrator can do for you:
It'll help keep line costs down (by consolidating
•
DigiNet
T~ _ '.'A ___
m
COMMUMICA 710115
as many as 256 terminal inputs for transmission
over a minimum number of voice-grade lines). ..
It'll free your computer to do more computing (it
speaks in 16 bit words and has a 4k t o 32k memory
to assemble blocks of data before re-transmission to
the computer or the addressed remote terminals) .. .
It'll eliminate the need for external Modems and
Multiplexers (these are plug-in options in the
DigiNet-1600) .
- -And it'll do much, much more!
To find out how much more a DigiNet-1600 Data Concentrator can
do for your digital network, write Section 12, Telecommunication
Products Department, General Electric Company, P. O. Box 4197,
Lynchburg, Virginia . . . .Your full line supplier of DigiNet Data
Communications Equipment and Systems.
GENERAL. ELECTRIC
MODERN DATA/ J anuary 1971
CIRCLE NO. 8 ON INQUIRY CARD
9
CI RCLE NO. 9 ON INQUIRY CARD
terminal operations controller
T.O.C.S. starts with the CDC® 20290 Multistation
Controller. This device interfaces directly to the
Selector Channel; handles the chores of polling 12
independent ports for inbound data traffic . . .
directing outbound messages ... performing
EBCDIC-device code translation.
T.O.C.S.
multistation controller
CDC's 20290 Local Controller and 216 Remote
Controller will support CRT displays, typewriters,
hardcopy recorders and line printers in any
combination. Permits the high-volume data entry and
retrieval operations demanded by on-line
management systems.
graphics subsystem terminals
Control Data can provide a versatile family
of remote graphic terminal subsystems.
Included among them is CDC's GRID TM which
incorporates its own computing capability,
and can be remoted from the central site
via 201-A or -B , or 301 Modems.
source data terminal
The CDC® SD-101 is an on-line source
data terminal for data-collection systems
that lets you automate inventory,
production, schedules , cost/time
reporting and other records
needed to keep plant and
office management
up-to-the-minute.
12
remote batch terminals
Control Data offers you a choice of
remote batch terminals that will handle
a variety of peripherals in line speeds
from 2000 bps to 40.8 kb.
MODERN DATA/January 1971
TERMINAL
--------OPERATIONS
CONTROL
... a unique cost-saving way to expand your
EDP capability without getting "sold-up" to a bigger CPU
Now - get far more from your existing computer - spare yourself the expense of going
to a bigger mainframe. CDC® T.O.C.S. is the
versatile new " Terminal Operations Control
System " that offers a simpler, more efficient
answer to controlling local and remote terminals within your communications network with
faster transfer rates throughout! Compatible
with major computer system mainframes including IBM 360, T.O.C.S. actually takes over
many routine communications housekeeping
chores, clears the way for more profitable use
of your central processor.
Speeds communications.
expands channel capacity
Much of T.O.C .S.' enormous gain in efficiency
is due to its versatile multistation display controller that handles functions such as polling
for inbound traffic . .. directing outbound
messages . .. EBCDIC-code translation ...
and other tasks that would unnecessarily burden your CPU.
T .O.C.S. software accommodates Control
Data's entire family of terminal systems. Handles any combination of single or multistation
CRT displays, typewriters , hardcopy recorders, line printers, and communication-line
all 1,-
-
MODERN DATAl January 1971
pollers. Supports both local and remote terminals and communication lines ... regardless of mix or number - ri ght up to practical
load limits for the line, channel and your
applications software. The controller interfaces directly with the Selector Channel at
59,500 characters per second.
Control Data's cost cutting
total-systems approach
T.O.C .S. adds up to one of the most complete
lines of fully operational terminal-control
hardware I software packages available. So
you get precisely the system you need ... at
single-source savings. Shown here are just a
few of the many terminal options available
to you.
From the world 's most powerful computers,
to people-oriented terminal systems, Control
Data means cost saving efficiency ... compatibility that only a total systems supplier
can provide. CDC has the hardware , the software, everything you need from engineering
services to set-up, operator training, documentation and support.
For more information on T.O.C.S. and a
copy of our new brochure, " Terminal Operations Control Systems," just call our HOT
LINE collect.
CONTROL DATA
HOT LINE 612-884-8195
Or if you prefer, write directly to:
Control Data Corporation
Dept. MD-11 , P. O. Box 1980
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55111
CORPORATION
I
CIRCLE NO. 10 ON INQUIRY CARD
13
6VOLUMES
OVER 800
ILLUSTRATIONS
THE MOST
DEFINITIVE WORK
EVER
UNDERTAKEN
IN THIS FIELD
VOLUMEI
Introduction to System
Life Cycle
1. Explanation of the
System Life Cycle
2. Preliminary Analysis
3. System Design
4. Programming
S. Documentation
6. System Installation
7. System Operation
1.
2.
3.
4.
VOLUME II
System Life Cycle
Standards
Project Management
Preliminary AnalysisInvestigation
Preliminary AnalysisSystems Proposal
Preliminary AnalysisEvaluation
5. Systems DesignDetailed Analysis
6 . Systems DesignSpecifications
7. Programming
8. System Documentation
9. System Installation
(Operational Phase-In)
10. Operation
Publication Date: Ready
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Publication Date: Ready
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~
VOLUME III
System L i fe Cyc le
Standards - Forms
Method
1. General Instructions
for the SLC Standards
- Forms Method
2. Preliminary AnalysisSpecifications
3. System Design
Specifications
4. General Documentation
S. Program Documentation
6. Operations Documentation
7. User Documentation
Publication Date: Ready
Now Price: $29.9S
14
VOLUMEIV
dvanced TechnologyInput and O utput
1. Source Da t a
Automation
2. Key tape Devices
3. Optical Character
Recognition Devices
4. Voice Response
Systems
5. Digital Plotters
6. Display Devices
Publication Date : Ready
Now Price $29.95
VOLUMEV
Ad vanc ed Techn ologySystem s Conce pts
1. Data Transmission
2 . Online Systems
3 . Data Base Concepts
and Considerati o n s
4. Machine SelfManagement
5. Management Info
Systems
6. Computer Models
and Planning
7. Cybernetics and
Data Processing
Publication Date:
February, 1970
Price: $29.95
LUMEVI
Data Processing
Adm i nistration
1. Data Processing
Organization
2. Data Processi ng
Personnel Policy
3 . Data Proce ss i ng
Educ ation
4. Legal Considerations
in Data Processing
5. Acquisition of
Computer Power
6. Management of
the System Life
Cycle Stages
7. Project Management
Methods
8. Data Processing Budget
and Cost Control
9 . Data Processing
Management Audits
Publication Date:
June, 1971
Price: $29.95
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
A monumental achievement:
Martin L. Rubin's
"Handbook of Data Processing Management"
Years in the making, Handbook of Data
As a result, Handbook of Data ProcessProcessing Management is a compening Management is the most useful , most
dium embracing every stage of this diffivaluable reference work ever created
cult art - from the first conception of a
for the EDP executive. The forms in
system to preliminary analysis, system
Volumes II and III alone would cost hundesi gn, programming, documentation,
dreds of thousands of dollars if you had
installation, operation and , finally , cesto originate them yourself.
sation.
If you are one of the many EDP execuIn six profusely illustrated volumes,
tives who has been waiting for a really
Martin L. Rubin, who dedefinitive, really professigned the information
sional approach to the
The forms in Volumes II and III alone
systems for many of Amerentire systems spectrum,
would cost hundreds of thousands of
dollars if you had to originate them
wait no longer. Handbook
ica's corporate giants,
yourself.
has set forth the knowlof Data Processing Manedge and techniques acagement is it.
quired during a decade
You can order volumes
of EDP consulting. But
individually. Or you can
Mr. Rubin was not satisorder the entire set and
fied merely to use his
save 25%. Either way,
knowledge alone. He addyou'll have 30 days to
ed the expertise of 46 emlook over the material.
inent contributors from
See the coupon for debusiness and government.
tails.
Gentlemen: Please send me the following
Volume or volumes of Handbook of Data
Processing Management. I understand that
I may review this material for 30 days, and,
if not entirely satisfied, return to you with
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Cost of 6-volumes set if purchased individually
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If ord ered now, as complete set_$125.00 *
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To: AUERBACH Publishers Inc.
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AUERBACH
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15
Written for the M odern Data GEM Report by Oyer Profess iona l Computer Serv ices,
this 250 page indexed vo lume offers a comp lete systems approach to training. It is
offered to yo u on a 10 day tri al peri od for ju st $ 150 .
Thi s M odern Data G EM Report shows
howto :
• Train top management
• Train the non-EDP profession al
• Develop your own courses without
incurring hi gh consulting costs
• Transform poor i nsta Ilations into
good in stallation s
• Good install ati ons into exce ll ent
i nsta Ilation s
• Exce llent in stall ati ons into outstanding ones.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introd uct ion
2. The Need ForTraining
3. The Systems App roach To Training
4 . The Th ree Major Modes Of EDP Training
5. Sources Of EDP Training
6. Applying The Systems Approach : Establi shing A Comprehensive T raining Program
7. Organization A nd Staff
8. Curricula A nd Courses
9. Potential Problems And Solutions For The Typical Instal lation
10. General Gu ide lines
11. Case Ana lyses
Bibliograph y
Appendices
Fill out the attached cou pon and order yours today.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
17
NEWS ROUNDUP
THE NUMBERS GAME
Peripheral Equipment Corp. states that so far
it has been unsuccessful in getting IBM to
clarify remarks made in July to the Business
Equipment Manufacturers Association regarding a totally new magnetic tape cassette
system "completely incompatible with anything that has gone before." PEC believes
IBM didn't just pick a ~~-inch, 4-track, l600
cpi, 340-foot-per-pack standard out of thin
air. Says PEC marketing director Geoff Tay-
lor: "The industry and our company is once
again hung up while we await IBM's pleasure. All we can do is appeal to the public
forum to emphasize the urgent need for a
broader disclosure of the proposed mechanical configuration. This would benefit the
whole EDP industry by enabling manufacturers to build-in an adequate degree of product compatibility with IBM's de facto standard. It's funny what merely mentioning
numbers can do, especially if it's IBM doing
the mentioning."
IBM/ MEMOREX LAWSUIT
SUPERMINI
IBM has instituted a lawsuit against Memorex
Corp. charging wrongful appropriation and use of
IBM trade secrets and confidential information.
The action seeks to enjoin Memorex and Peripheral Systems Corp., its wholly-owned subsidiary, "from continued use of IBM trade secret information" and "from seeking to hire IBM
employees for the purpose of obtaining confidential information." MemOl'ex rejects the
charges as "groundless" and a reaction to Memorex's "success in replacing IBM's equipment in
many of its customers' installations."
Would you believe an 8K by 18-bit computer
weighing only 10 lbs., smaller than a desk telephone, and sturdy enough to be "tossed from a
window"? We didn't either. But Bunker-Ramo's
Electronic System Div. has come up with one to
illustrate their new "Planar-Coax" proprietary
packaging technology. "Planar-Coax" essentially
involves sandwiching special interconnecting copper wafers between wafers of high-density integrated circuits and then physically squeezing
the resultant wafer stack into an almost solid assembly. The BR-10l8 computer described is one
of the first devices to be packaged' with the new
technique. Initially it will be priced at approximately $30,000 in small quantities. With mass production, however, Bunker-Ramo expects the price
could drop as low as $5,000.
MAJOR ADDITIONS TO UNIVAC 1100
A new roof to its 1100 series, new hardware and
software expansions to a lesser 1100-series member, an independent communications processor,
and four new peripherals were announced simultaneously by Univac. The biggie is the Model 1110,
described as 3 to 5 times more powerful than the
1108, Univac's previous (and very successful) topof-the-line. The 1110 uses plated wire main storage to achieve 320 nsec read and 520 nsec write
speeds ( per 36-bit word) with approx. ~~ to 1 million words of 1.5 usec ( full-cycle) conventional
core storage. The 1110 will be available in a wide
variety of configurations in late 1971 at prices upwards of $2 million. The remaining announcements were: an 1106 multiprocessor system; an
1106 disk resident version of EXEC-8; a modular
"Communications/Symbiont Processor"; a disk
subsystem (Model 8440) for storing up to 1.2 billion characters on 8 drives; a 1000 cpm cardreader
(Model 0716 ); an 1100-2000 lpm printer subsystem (Model 0768 ); and a mag tape subsystem
consisting of 1 or 2 control units and from 1 to 16
Uniservo 20, 200 ips, l600 bpi mag tape units.
18
ADAPSO ON PRIVACY
Individual privacy and the computer is the subject
of a position paper issued by the Computer Timesharing Services Section of the Assoc. of Data Processing Service Organizations (ADAPSO) . The
group asserts that, while privacy involves issues
of fundamen tal human rights and liberties, there
is a degree of social good to be derived from intelligently conceived data banks. It further states
that such information should be controlled, but
that hasty legislation could result in a lack of
benefits to the individual. A list of measures contained in the position paper include updating of
information, the rights of individuals to know what
information is being distributed about them, and
the right of companies to gather and discriminately
disseminate this information. The paper is available from ADAPSO, 551 Fifth Ave., NYC 10017.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
ACM COMMENTS ON SQUIRE C ASE ;
CPP C OMMENTS O N ACM COMMENTS
In response t o a plea to help raise bail for imprisoned programmer C lark Squire, the Council of the
Assoc. for Computing Machinery has issued a news
release st ating that "while individual members
might resp ond, ACM action was outside of its constitutional purposes ." The request for aid came from
"Comput er People for P eace" during ACM's September conference in N.Y.C. ( See MODERN DATA,
Nov. 1970, pp. 70-71 .) The Council's statement
went on to urge ACM members, "as individuals, to
familiarize themselves with the facts in this case
and to take whatever action they regard as appropriate." In conclusion, the release cited the availability (from ACM Headquarters, 1133 Ave. of the
Americas, N.Y.C. 10036) of a 40-page, ACM-prepared docum ent based on interviews with Squire,
his attorn ey and former employers, CPP representa tives, and various other principals and parties concerned w ith the Squire case.
Asked for commen ts on the release, Miss AIm
Rosenberg, CPP's press coordinator, stated that she
did not receive a copy of either the release or the
prepared docum en t. When th e release was read to
her over th e phone, however, she said: "I cannot see
h ow th e ACM can reconcile its present argument
th at 'ACM action is outside of its constitutional
purposes' with such earlier ACM activities as obtaining people t o testify before a congressional
committee in regard to th e Army's files on civilians.
Certainly the latter action could be no more justified by their constituion."
ORDERS AND INSTALLATIONS
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory has installed
and acce pted a second Control Data 7600 computer
system , valued at $6.3 million , to process nuclear
energy research and developm ent data.
The Atchison , Topeka and Santa Fe Rai lway has
awarded a contract for the production of nine KarTrak Automatic Car Identification systems. The systems will be produced by the Commercial Electronics Division of GT&E Information Systems, Inc., a
subsidiary of General Telephone & Electronics Corp.
Wyle Computer Products , Inc., EI Segundo , Cal., has
received a contract, valued in excess of $2 milli on ,
from Computer Sciences Corp. for data termin a ls to
be used in the New York City Off-Track Betting System. CSC is prime contractor for the Off-Track Betting System , which , when fully impl emented , will include approximately 1150 Wyle Computerminals.
Republic Steel Research Center has completed installation of a Xerox Data Systems Sigma 5 computer for use in developing new products, and in
improv ing steel making processes.
Computer Communications , Inc. , Inglewood , Cal. ,
has been awarded a $100 ,000 contract by Mead
Data Central, Inc., Dayton , Ohio, for two CC-70 Computer Communicators. The CC-70 's will be interfaced to IBM 360/40 computer systems located
in Dayton , Ohio and Arlington , Va.
Ampex Corp. has delivered three Model ECM-50 extended core memory system s to Allen -Babcock Com puting Inc. of Los Angeles for on-line use with IBM
360/ 50 computers.
The Minnesota Mutual Life announced that it is developing a giant computer-based information system. It will include equipment and services valued
at nearly $6 million from IBM , independent companies , and Minnesota Mutual Systems personnel. Included will be the recently announced IBM System/370 computer.
The Univers ity of Paris announced that it intends to
install a Un ivac 1110 computer system , recently introduced as the largest, most powerful, and most
flexible computer yet developed by Sperry Rand
Corp.'s Univac Division . Value of the Univac 1110
exceeds $2 .5 million . It is scheduled for delivery in
J a nuary , 1972.
Di / An Controls, Inc. has received a $2.6 million contract from Computer Sciences Corp. to provide 1,000 ticketing terminals as part of the New York City
Off-Track Betting System. The first terminals are expected to be operating in several bett ing parlors in
NYC in January.
On behalf of the Nation a l Clearinghouse for Menta l
Hea lth Inform ation, the Nation a l In stitute of Ment a l
Health has awarded Inform atic s Ti sco, Inc ., a subsidiary of Inform at ics , Inc. Can oga Park, CaL , a
$217 ,000 contract to abstract a nd index documents
from the world-wide mental health literature .
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
19
HAROLD V. SEMLING JR., Washington Editor
DC DATASCAN
FAST CENSUS FEEDBACK - In 1960 the Bureau of the
Census provided businessmen with Census information on
computer tape. The improvement and expansion of this
program will be the most important 1970 development in
the Census according to Dr. George Hay Brown, the Bureau's director. He emphasized that statistics by geographic
unit will be available more quickly than ever before.
ELECTRONIC MAIL BOXES - C. Peter McCullough, President of Xerox Corp., spoke before National Postal Forum
IV in, Washington. He argued that it is time to think of
" mail handling" as a systems problem, a problem that in volves hardware, software, and people. For example, he
noted that bills and bank statements, many of which are
now computer generated, could be transmitted electronically and reduced to hard copy at receiver's facility.
RAMIS - A new computerized operation of the Depart'ment of Housing and Urban Development now keeps track
of HUD projects by name, locality, age, and estimated
budget cost. Called RAMIS, for Regional Administrators'
Management Information System, the computer is programmed to provide data on each project at any given
stage. If a project shows signs of lagging behind schedule,
RAMIS dashes off a crisp warning note to the field where
the delinquent project is located.
AWARD WINNERS - Two of the first fifteen winners of
the Presidential Management Improvement Award received
those awards for their contributions in modern data systems. The award was created to serve as the capstone for
all management improvement awards and to emphasize
President Nixon's Government-wide concern with better
management and economy in Government. The award winners included the following:
FIGHTING CRIME - The U.S. Department of Justice is
granting funds to law enforcement agencies for the improvement of criminal justice programs. A number of recent
awards involve computer systems. Some of these are$150,000 to the Tulsa Police Department to develop an
automated criminal identification system; $30,000 to the
Michigan Department of Corrections to develop the corrections sub-system of the state's Criminal Justice Information
System; $30,000 to the Georgia Department of Public Safety
to expand the state's criminal statistics information program;
$32,645 to the city of Albuquerque to convert the Municipal
Court's manual system of record-keeping to an automated
system; $61,169 to the Anchorage, Alaska Police Department to develop an automated data processing system.
URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - The Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn . area will be used by the Department of Transportation for the demonstration of a computer
program designed to improve transportation . A $71,200
contract has been awarded to the Metropolitan Council of
Twin Cities for the project which involves federal and local
agencies. Under a previous contract, Planning Research
Corp., Los Angeles, developed the Urban Performance
Model. ,This model measures an urban environment's performance as a social, economic, and technological system.
The Minnesota experiment will test the model as a tool for
planning urban transportation.
COMPUTERIZED HOSPITALS - The Department of Defense is investigating a health care system to provide a
"new generation" of military hospitals for the late 1970's.
DoD believes that facility operating costs might be reduced
1 percent through computers and automation.
°
IN BRIEF
Van A. Wente, Bethesda, Md., Chief of the Systems Development Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration" for the conception, planning, design, and successful
implementation of the first computer system of its kind to
achieve practical operation in the on-line retrieval of scientific, techn.ical, and management information .
Occupations directly related to work with computers will be among the
most rapidly growing in the next 10 years, the Labor Deportment says.
The General Services Administration has announced a $335,596 EDP
support contract to the black-owned firm of .D . P. Associates, Inc.
A computerized procedure for f.ngerprint identification has been developed by the National Bureau of Standards.
Vincent P. Barazzone, Vienna, Va., Project Coordinator,
Department of the Navy, for discovering means to prove
out all critical elements in a major Navy digital communications system before the system was deployed worldwide, saving the Navy $15.6 million in Fiscal Year 1970.
20
Dr. Ruth M. .Davis has been appointed Director of the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology at the National Bureau of Standards.
Post Office officials have announced plans to consolidate the U. S. Postal
Service Laboratory and POD's Advanced Technology Div.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
Now. A monolithic memory lets you
forget stop-and-go keypunching.
IBM announces a keypunch that isn't stop-andgo. It's another reason we're the company behind
the computer.
We have a keypu nch that's des ig ned to help yo ur people
become more prod uctive.
It's called the IBM 129 Card Data Record er.
It comes in models that bo th punch and verify ca rds.
And it lets yo ur o pe rato rs key data into a mOllolithic
memory that serves as a buffer before the ca rds are punched.
What does this new technology mean to yo u?
It means that yo ur o pera tors can key data CO lltillllOIlSly.
Even while another card is being punched a nd stacked.
It mea ns th at thev ca n make corrections be fore a ca rd is
punched. Which in tu;11 mea ns tha t an e ntire ca rd won't have
to be repunched because of a single mi stake.
It mea ns that your operators can work at the ir fastest
speed.
The 129's mono li thic memory will store up to six different
card fOl1l1ats so your o perators ca n change them easily
without interrupting their work flow.
Exclusive opti ons: An "accumu late" feature will total
se lected ca rd fi elds . Another fea ture provides a count of
keystrokes and cards .
It has all these new advantages. Yet it has the same
fa miliar keyboard. So your o pera tors won' t have to be
retrained to use it.
We beli eve our job is to help you ge t the most ou t of your
computer.
A.nd that is another reason we're the company behind
the compute r.
The company behind the computer.
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
DEMAND RISING - Scandinavian demand for EDP
equipment is climbing at a rate of 20 percent a year
and is expected to pass the $200 million mark by
1973 , the U.S. Department of Commerce 's Bureau
of International Commerce reports . Computer in·
ventory, estimated at 1,300 systems is expected to
double by the end of 1973.
COMPUTERS IN PORTS - W. H. Fockema Andreae ,
President of the Rotterdam Chamber of Commerce ,
has call ed for world-wide standardization of com puter systems which serve ports. In his comments ,
reported in The Journal of Commerce, Mr. Fockema
Andreae also described the effects of Shell Oil 's
computerization on traffic in the port of Rotterdam :
" Royal Dutch Shell is our most important customer
for oil . . . If a long, cold winter is predicted the
[Shell] computer reacts and starts a concentrated
reaction which results in heavy traffic to and from
Rotterdam . It is a most sophisticated technique and
works well. "
BIG BEETLE TESTER - Control Data Corp. has received an order from Volkswagenwerk A.G. (of
Wolfsburg, Germany) for $14 million worth of computer services to be used in the auto maker's Research and Development center. The large on -line
computer system will control approximately 60 automobile test stands to test automobile elements .
Development of the system has taken over a year
and it will not be fully operational until Autumn
1972. The equipment includes a CDC 6500 large scale computer, several CDC 1700's that will oper ate as satellites to the 6500 , and CDC 1500 series
data acquisition devices.
NORWEGIAN SHIP SYSTEM - Noratom-Control, a
Norwegian engineering firm, has designed an
advanced marine automation system. Now in use on
the freighter Taimyr , the system is being applied to
four areas-engine room, bridge , cargo handling,
and administrative routines. On the bridge, the sys tem provides collision warnings , projects future traffic situations , and simulates alternate maneuvers. In
the radio room, it can be used in connection with a
Telex for communication . Also it is used to program
loading procedures, and to control on-board cargo
refrigeration plants.
22
EAST-WEST TRADE - U.S. businessmen continue
to press for more East-West trade. One of the most
promising fields for U.S. exports is computers and
software. Eastern European countries are looking for
modern equipment and technology. U.S. regulations,
however, impose export controls on some of the
products sought by Eastern Eu ropean countries .
German, English , French, and Japanese businessmen are interested in this trade opportunity and are
not hampered by the same restrictions as American
firms .
East Germany recently concluded a trade agree ment with the USSR for 1971-75. A part of the
agreement, covering about $28 billion in trade , is
cooperation in computer development.
West German executives have also been looking at
the lucrative Russian market. Siemens has been con ducting negotiations with Moscow for know-how and
cooperation in EDP.
A computer show held in London by the British
Trade Equipment Association in October found exhibitors from W. Germany, Poland, Hungary, France ,
U.S., Belgium , and Israel. Delegations came from
Hungary and Yugoslavia.
QUICKLY AROUND THE WORLD
Consolidated Computer, Waltham , Mass ., has signed
a three -year sales agreement with International Com puters Ltd ., London, for the delivery of over $50
million of its Key-Edit systems.
International Computers, London; Control Data, and
Compagnie Internationale pour l' lnformatique, Paris ,
have registered a joint company, International Data,
in Brussels.
The Communications Satellite Corp. (COMSAT), as
manager for the International Telecommunications
Satellite Consortium (INTELSAT), has awarded a
$33 ,326 contract to Plessey Telecommunications
Research Ltd ., Berkshire, England, to perform simu lation studies by computer of a digital satellite communications chain.
Export-Import Bank of the U.S. has authorized a
$500 ,000 credit to Banco Credito Agricola de Cartago , a private financial institution in Costa Rica.
Funds are for financing the purchase of U.S. machinery and equipment, including computers.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
300 Bits/Sec
Full Duplex Modem
on one P.C. Card
00
$99
ANV QUANTITV
CI13AS
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Frequencies compatible with Bell 103E,
: 03A , 103F, 101C, 113A
Card Size 5" x 9"
Channel separation 60 db
Transmit level - O to -12dbm
Receive level- 0 to - 45 dbm
Local copy - selectable
Interface- EIA/ TTL
When you make the decision to build the modem
into your terminal, call Sangamo . . . the people
that make modems for the telephone companies ,
the OEM 's and the end users. Application assistance as near as your phone . Need data? Let's
communicate.
MOD ER N DATAl J a nuary 1971
Communication Systems
SANGAMO
ELECTRIC COMPANY
Springfield, Illinois 62708
(217) 544-6411
Tel ex: 406-421
CIRCLE NO . 11 ON INQUIRY CARD
TlO ·05
23
CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL NEWS
CDC JOINT VENTURES
Control Data Corp., International
Computers Ltd. of Great Britain,
and
Compagnie Internationale
Pour L'Informatique of France are
forming a "joint study company,"
Intern ational D a ta, to be registered
in Belgium. Initial goal of the cooperative venture will b e to make
recomm endations concerning the
compatibility of th e parent compani es' future produ cts and services. • On the domestic scene,
CDC and GT&E Information Systems, In c. (a subsidiary of General
Telephon e & El ecti'onics Corp.)
havc formed Brokerage Transaction Services, Inc. to provide
automated front- and back-office
services to investment brokers. Ultronics Systems Corp ., the largest
of the companies forming the nucleus of GT&E Information Systems, operates a 100,OOO-mile international stock and commodity
quotation network with more than
18,000 CRTs currently in use in
brokerage houses.
Magnecomp, Inc. of Mountain
View, Cal. has acquired the facilities of memory disk manufacturer Jensen Munro. Magnecomp, a subsidiary of ElectroCoatings, Inc., produces plated
disks and drums for digital and
analog memory systems. . . The
Magnetic Head Corp. of Hauppage, N.Y. has agreed in principle to merge Applied Fluidics,
Inc. of Stamford, Conn. into a
newly-created
sUBsidiary
of
MHC . . . Optimum Systems
Inc. of Palo Alto, Cal. has
acquired the net assets of Delta
Computer Corp. and its whollyowned subsidiary, Automated
Systems Inc., a Louisiana corpo-
BOX SCORE OF EAR NI NGS
Company
Ampe)(
Computer Dimensions
Com-Share
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS:
24
~
0)_
.!:
Computer Usage
Allied Management & Systems
Corp., N.Y.C., has acquired an
80 percent interest in Computer
Methods Corp. of White Plains,
N.Y. from Coburn Corp. of
America . . . The Bendix Corp.
has acquired Logitron, Inc., a
young Cambridge, Mass. company that early this year introduced its first product, a portable CRT terminal . .. Boothe
Computer Corp. has purchased
100 percent of the stock of CAC
Computer Leasing Corp., a subsidiary of CAC Corp., for $5.3
million. BCC will also assume
approximately $38 million of
senior debt from CAC . . . Certron Corp., Anaheim, Cal. , has
acquired substantially all of the
operating assets related to the
magnetic computer tape business of the MAC Panel Co., a
division of Adams-Millis Corp.
of High Point, N. Carolina .. .
ration providing data processing
services . . . Typesetting equipment manufacturer Photon, Inc.
intends to acquire either all of
the assets or all of the outstanding capital stock of Bridge
Data Products, Inc., a developer
and producer of computer peripherals
Suburban Computer Services, Inc. claims the
title of "largest computer service
bureau in Chicago's northwest
suburbs" as the result of its recent purchase of American Data
Centers' Palatine, Ill. office . . .
Tracor
Computing
Corp.,
Austin, Tex.-based computing
services company, has expanded
its petroleum consulting and
Control Data
Data General
Data Products
Data Trends
Dig. Inf. Devices
Elec. Mem . & Mag .
Fabri-Tek
I nfotronics
Int. Tel. & Tel.
Itel
Memorex
Mi lgo
Programming Methods
Redcor
Tall y
TRW
University Computing
V ermont Research
Xerox
Period
6
6
9
9
12
12
12
12
9
9
12
12
6
6
12
12
3
3
9
9
6
6
6
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
:3
9
3
3
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
9
9
Revenues
mos. 10/31/70
138,960,000
mos. 10/31 /69
149,269,000
mos. 9 /30/70
4,089,000
mos. 9 /30/69
3,004,000
mos. 9 /30/70
5,522,900
mos. 9 /30/69
11.466,202
mos. 6/30/70
4,878,846
mos. 6/30/69
3,872.103
mos. 9/30/70
401 ,779 ,000
410,454,000
mos. 9 /30/69
mos. 9 / 26/70
7,035,000
mos. 9 / 27 /69
1,034,000
mos. 9 /26/70
19,457,000
18,449,731
mos. 9 /27 /69
mos. 6/30/70
7 ,254,664
944,366
mos. 6/30/69
mos. 9 /30/70
306,000
mos. 9 /30/69
91,000
71,366,000
mos. 9 / 26/70
67,411,000
mos. 9 / 26/69
mos. 10/ 2/70
10,071 ,688
mos. 9 / 26/69
9,271,021
mos. 9 /30/70
3 ,390,504
mos. 9 /30/69
3,218,793
mos. 9 /30/70 4,375,198 ,000
mos. 9 /30/69 3,887,981 ,000
mos. 9 /30/70
46,887 ,000
mos. 9 /30/69
28 ,526,000
mos. 9 /30/70
79,133,000
54,834,000
mos. 9 /30/69
mos. 9 /30/70
13,935,000
mos. 9 /30/69
8,267,000
4 ,310,232
mos. 9 /30/70
mos. 9 /30/69
3,176,946
2,451,000
mos. 9 / 27/70
mos. 9/28/69
1,303,000
10,853,000
mos. 10/4/70
mos. 10/4 /69
7 ,266,000
mos. 9 /30/70 1,217,281,000
mos. 9 /30/69 1,168,772,000
97,536,000
mos. 9/30/70
mos. 9/30/ 69
73,363,000
mos. 9 /30/70
7,629,287
4,183,792
mos . 9 /30/69
mos. 9/30/70 1,266,662,000
mos. 9/30/69 1,092,139,000
Net Earn ings
( Loss)
1,380.000
7,426,000
165,000
(595,000)
12,482,689)
11 ,536,586)
(3,491,336)
(2 ,262.770)
9,923,000
42 ,731,000
736,000
(268,000)
(987,000)
708,711
505.511
(2 ,031,795)
1232,000)
(373,000)
772,000
4 ,155,000
(688,109)
255,294.
198.880)
46,964
238,540,000
182,945,000
2,806,000
2,370,000
6,126,000
4,824,000
2,187 ,000
787 ,000
404 ,599
284,801
53,000
(122,000)
264,000
(1,743,000)
59,966,000
57,258,000
1,3 16,000
12,045,000
245,451
221 .650
141,538,000
120,489,000
.
~
~.<:
<: 0 (1)
~..J a..
w-~
.13
.69
.13
(,60)
12.92)
(1 .811
(4. 36)
(3.94)
.61
2 .90
.38
(.17)
(.15)
.12
.54
(2.42)
(.10)
(.16)
-------
.67
(.211
.08
1- )
-------
2 .17
1 .69
.66
.62
1.64
1.31
1.39
.53
.48
.34
-------
(-)
.15
(-)
1.82
1.71
.19
1.80
.35
.34
1.8 1
1.56
MODERN DATA/J anuary 1971
computer modeling activities
with the acquisition of D & S Petroleum Consultants, Ltd., and
Applications Development and
Engineering Group
(ADE )
Ltd., both of Canada . . . URS
Systems Corp., of San Mateo,
Cal. entered into an agreement
to acquire Computer Programming, Inc. of Greenville, S.C.
DRS's Proprietary Products Div.
is presently selling CPI's packages in the Western states under
an earlier agreement with Systems & Programming Services, a
subsidiary of CPI.
RECENT ENTRms IN THE COMPUTER FmLD: The Aerojet Electrosystems Co. has been formed
in Azusa, Cal. by Aerojet-General Corp. to provide electronic
sensor and data systems for
advanced military /space requirements . .. Ampex Credit
Corp., a wholly-owned subsidialY of Ampex Corp., has been
formed primarily to finance longterm accounts receivable of the
Ampex video products division
and full payout leases for the Videofile information systems division . . . Operations Research
and Computer Corp., N.Y.C.,
has formed Automated Transaction Corp., as a subsidiary to
specialize in EDP Services for
retail stores . . . Data 100 Corp.
has formed a Canadian company, D ata 100 Ltd., to sell and
service its line of data communication terminals. The new firm
is located at Toronto Dominion
Centre, Toronto, Ont. . . . Medical Computer Services Inc. has
been orecently formed with offices in King of Prussia and
Philadelphia, Pa. The company
uses an IBM 360/40 to provide
on-line or batch data processing
services to doctors, hospitals,
and nursing homes . . . Newton
Associates, in W. Newton,
Mass., will provide technical and
management consulting services
to users and manufacturers of
data communications equipment .
When you need high-speed, time-share plotting at low cost
for:
• Business and Finance
• Numerical Control
• Education
• Or Any Application Where Graphics
• Science
May Be Utilized - get t he TSP-212. The TSP-212 Plotting System reduces initial cost
and operating cost, and draws excell ent conclusions in minutes from
columns of digital data t hat cou ld oth erwise take many tedious hours
to interpret. It interfaces with IBM 2741 's and most Teletype terminals,
and is readily compatible with almost all systems. The TSP-212
comes with sub-routines in FORTRAN, BASIC, APL, and PL 1 that include curve smooth ing, alpha-numerics,
and symbols. You can now have big performance and service back-up in a system that is reasonably priced: $3,300.00
complete with sub-routines ; lease terms
available. Come on , ask us for Bulletin
MD-1 -212.
• Engineering
P.S. Welcome aboard to another TSP
representative: INSTRUMENT CONSULTANTS, INC., P. O. BOX 25 , WABAN ,
MASSACHUSETTS 02168
ITJ~~CORP.
TIME SHARE PERIPHERALS CORPORATION
Miry Brook Road. Danbu ry , Connecticut 06810 (203) 743-7624
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
CIRCLE NO. 12 ON INQUIRY CARD
25
COMPUTER STOCK TRENDS
MONTH ENDED DECEMBER 11, 1970
EXCH
N
N
N
o
o
A
N
o
N
N
N
o
COMPUTERS
N
N
N
N
N
o
o
N
A
N
N
o
A
A
N
o
N
N
o
o
o
N
A
o
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
A
N
o
A
&
o
o
o
o
COMPONENTS
~
PERIPHERALS
A
N
o
o
A
o
A
o
A
o
A
N
o
o
A
o
N
N
o
A
o
o
N
N
o
FOOTNOTES:
PRICE
COMPANY
197()
RANG"E
yEAR.
(1)
AGO
BECKMAN
BURROUGHS
CONTROL DATA
DAT A GENERAL
DATACRAFT
DIGIT AL EQUIPMENT
ELECTRONIC ASSOC
GENERAL AUTOMATION
GENERAL ELECTRIC
HEWLETT-PACKAR D
19- 52
80 -173
30 -1 23
16- 36
5- 19
50 -1 24
4 - 12
9- 42
60 - 91
19- 46
4 7 1/4
158 1/8
116 1/ 8
N/ A
N/A
93 5/8
11 3 /4
N/A
79 5/8
50 5/8
26
110
SO
27
4
63
4
14
91
30
HONEYWELL
I NTERDATA
IBM
LITTON I NDUSTRIES
NCR
RCA
RAYTHEON
REDCOR
SC IENTIFIC CONTRO L
SPERRY RAND
66 -1 5 2
3 - 13
223 - 387
15 - 38
30- 63
1 8 - 35
1 6 - 34
4 - 34
19
1 9 - 40
146 1/2
N/A
355 1 /2
37 3 /4
73 1 /2
35 3/4
33 1/2
31 3 / 4
5
41 3/8
83
7
3 17
20
36
26
24
5
1
24
SYS TEMS ENGRG LABS
SYSTRON DONNER
VARIAN ASSOCIATES
VIATRON
WANG LABS
WYLE LABS
XEROX
11- 49
8- 29
1 0 - 29
2- 51
19- 52
3 - 10
66 -11 6
51 1/4
25 7/8
27
N/A
57
8 1 /8
107 3/8
16
9
12
2
32
3
86
ADVA NCED MEMORY SYS
AMP
AMPEX
APPLIED MAGNETI CS
ASTRODATA
ASTROSYSTENS
BUNKER RAMO
CALCOIlP
CHALCO INDUSTRIES
CODEX
104 1139-
1
CLOSE
OEC.11.
1970
7/8
1 /2
3 /4
3/4
1 /8
1 /8
1 /4
7/ 8
1 /4
1/ 8
1/4
5 /8
1/2
1/4
3/4
7/ 8
3/4
3/4
1/8
1 /2
1/ 2
1 /2
VOLUME (IN 100'S)
MONTH MONTH THIS
MONTH LAST
NET
%
(3)
MONTH
cHa". CHG.
+2
+5
+8
+1
-1
+8
+2
+6
+5
+1 2 . 4
+ 4.9
+2 0.?'
+ 4 .7
- 24 .0
+1 5.0 "
- 5.7
+1 6 . 6
+7. 0
+19 . 8
1163
9718
62 55
+13 1/8
+ 1 /2
+2 3 7/8
+ 5/8
+ 2 5/8
+3 1/8
+3 7/ 8
- 1 /8
+ 1 /4
+ 2 3/4
+ 1 /2
168 9
9245
8 417
8899
611
5800
819
7999
64 32
82 79
3712
+ 18 .5
+7 . 4
+8 . 1
+3. 2
+7. 8
+1 3 . 2
+1 8 . 7
- 2.3
+1 6.6
+1 2 .4
689 a
1 /4
+1 7/8
- 3/4
+ 3 1/2
+3 . 2
+ 8.3
+ 8.5
- 37.0
+ 6 .1
-17 .6
+4 .2
+2
+1 7/ 8
+1 1 /2
+1 1 /4
-1 3 /4
+1 1/ 8
+1 1/ 2
+5 3 / 4
- 1 /8
- 3/ 8
+9 . 7
+3 .5
+ 9.3
+8.4
- 8 2.3
+23 . 6
+ 17 . 3
+1 9 .7
- 7.1
-6. I
1 /4
3/4
3/8
1/4
7/8
1 /8
1/4
1 /4
1/ 4
- 1.9
+2 2.2
+1 3 . 4
-7.1
+2 0.8
+13.4
+ 9.3
+1 8 .0
+3. 5
-3. 8
3 /4
1 /4
1 /2
5/8
3/8
1/ 2
3 /8
+ 1 /2
- 5 /8
+ 3 /4
- 23 . 0
- 33 .3
- 10.n
-15. 6
- 8 .3
- 5 .7
+7.3
+ 22 . 2
- 2 5 .0
+6.5
7/8
1/ 8
-11. 1
- 2.2
0 ."0
- 3. 7
- 1 1.1
+1. 8
+1 2 .7
-1 0 . 0
-1 8 . 1
+3.4
+ 3/4
+1
- I
N/A
57 3/8
44
1 8 3/4
N/A
261123-
13 7/8
26 3/8
N/A
N/A
22 1/2
54 1 /4
17 1/2
16
3/8
5 7/8
1 0 1/ 8
34 7/8
1 5/8
5 3/4
COGAR
COGNITRONICS
COLLINS RAD IO
COIl CET
COMPUTER COIlIl
COMPUTER CONSO LE S
COMPUTEST
CONRAC
DATA 100
DATA PRODUCTS
37 310 556121155-
94
14
37
50
36
22
28
32
17
26
N/A
13 1/2
37 1/8
N/A
N/A
16
27 1 /2
28 1/2
N/A
22 3/4
51
6 7/8
1 4 3/4
4 7/8
7 1/4
7 3/8
1 3 1 /8
14 3/4
7 1/ 4
6 1/4
- 1
+1
+1
+1
DATARAM
DATA RECOGNITION
DATASC AN
DIGlTRONICS
ELEC ENG OF CAL
ELEC MEMORIES + MAG
EXCELLO
FABR I-TEK
FARRINGTO N MFG
GERB ER SCIENTIFIC
33434717229-
16
10
27
14
15
40
28
8
17
39
N/A
N/A
22
14 3/4
14 1 / 4
29 1/4
22 5/8
5 7/8
14 1/2
22 1/2
2
4
4
3
4
8
20
2
1
12
-2
+1
85-
42
17
20
26
14
41
87
39
1 2 1/4
1 4 1 /2
N/ A
12 1 /4
33 5/8
6 9 3/4
6 1 /4
53
35 5/8
1 4 7/8
5 3/8
6 1/ 2
16
4
28
26 1/ 2
2 1/4
13 1 / 2
1 8 5/8
GRAPHIC SC IENCE S
HI - G
INFORMATIO N DISPLAYS
ITEL
LOGIC
MILGO
MOHA WK DATA SCIENCES
NORTH ATLANTIC I ND
OPT ICAL SCANNING
POTTER IN STRUMENTS
RECOGNITION EQUIP
SANDERS ASSO CIATES
SANGAMO
SCAN - DATA
SE AL ECTRO
SYKES DATATRONICS
TALLY
TEL EX
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
VARIFAB
4641519 28
11- 52
1 5 - 43
127954-
2-
84
30
29
53
13
9
10 - 23
10 - 26
62 - 13 5
1- 5
7
70
24 7/8
24 1 /2
33
7 3/8
N/A
17
21 7 / 8
119 3 /4
5 1/2
14
11
14
6
4
2
12
20
80
1
1 /2
1 /2
1/2
3/ 8
1 /8
1/4
3/4
7/8
1 /4
1/ 8
3/ 4
1/2
1/ 4
1/ 8
7/8
+
+1
+2
+
-
-1
-
a
-
5 /8
1 /2
+ 1/ 2
+3
- 1/ 4
- 3
+ 5/8
+ 1 /8
+ 5/8
+ 3/ 4
+ 3/4
-
3/ 8
+ 1 /2
-
3/8
3/4
3/4
(2)
1365
8956
7762
38
59
49
26
35
9
15
36
5
35
1-
7/8
1 /4
1/ 2
1/ 4
1 /2
1/ 4
1/ 4
AVG
VOL·
UME
1 /2
+ 3/4
+9 1 /4
- 1 /2
+0 . 8
+5.6
+5 .4
+1 3 . 6
- 8 .3
+ 21.0
-4.0
+3 . 8
+1 2 .9
- 22 . 2
EARNINGS
PRICEPER SHARE
LATEST 12 EARNINGS
-RAT"IO
MONTHS
43
63
28
28
18
31
39
99
42
8 1 31
3980
I. 49
-2.63
-1. 03
1. 99
0.89
46
34
6848
5036
4 . 07
21
7283
924 3
9542
7 27 5
197 2
9364
11 824
8 1 04
8 3 65
3107
37
12
17
18
10
7450
11045
10 11 0
8 . 68
1. 65
2.08
1. 48
2. 35
- 2 . 81
-2.44
2.36
4138
508
1 906
7555
2572
2142
5611
693
4 03 2
21
14
19
13 60
470
129 8 3
1909
822
15591
0.78
0.71
0.68
-3. 38
0 .81
- 0 . 04
2.33
1 274
5153
235 8
5552
2. 0 1
0 .78
0 .54
27
·22
30
2473
1 0 993
3872
4724
0 .49
0 . 49
21
71
126 8
197 0
- 0 .30
- 0.37
688
323
5 23
438
(3)
(3)
2894
836
(3)
1.
3.
1.
0.
(3)
7481
955 1
7898
9577
2738
(3)
(3)
(3)
909
517
11 251
11
40
37
(3)
1 311
4388
(3)
(3)
(3)
31 64
62 11
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
13 55
(3)
(3)
(3)
56 7
538
- 0.4 1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3 )
(3)
(3)
88
5293
1628
78
9726
804
168
649 1
969
505
380
(3)
(3)
179
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
25
I. 26
- 0.18
- 0.20
0.20
2. 22
- 0 . 09
-1. 46
0 . 65
41
9
19
18
25
19
3
3 0 53
1. 11
1. 43
0 . 70
- 0.54
0 .90
1 355
1624
15 11
11 69
0 . 38
0 .19
0 . 46
37
62
32
1 40
227
0 .07
59
31100
3975
0 . 21
0.99
3.08
57
21
26
11 366
6370
2265
(3)
(3)
12 7 2
844
0 .2 5
0.90
9619
1 008 4
(3)
891
14
15
- 1.56
- 0 . 07
(3)
5749
4 668
0.95
1. 00
21
(3)
144
(3 )
(3)
20972
3703
55255
3345
(3)
(I) TO NEAREST DOLLAR
(2) AVERAGE MONTHLY TRADING VOLUME SINCE JANUARY 1,1970
(3) VOLUME IS NOT REPORTED FOR OVER~THE-COUNTER ISSUES AND NEW LISTINGS
EXCH: N NEW YORK EXCHANGE; A AMERICAN EXCHANGE; O-OVER-THE-COUNTER; L=NATIONAL EXCHANGE;
II
TRADE· QUOTES
All sta tistics compiled. comp ut ed and formatted by TRADE ' QUOTES I nc .. Cambridge. Mass. 02139
VOLUME (IN 100'S)
PRICE
1970
RANGE
(1)
A
o
o
N
A
o
o
o
o
A
o
o
N
o
o
o
A
o
o
o
o
N
o
SOFTWARE
o
8<
o
SERVICES
A
o
o
A
o
A
o
A
o
o
L
N
o
o
o
A
o
N
o
L
o
o
N
o
o
o
A
o
N
o
N
o
A
A
A
SUPPLIES
o
8<
N
ACCESSORIES
N
N
o
o
o
N
CLOSE
DEC. 11.
1970
1
YEAR
AGO
APPLIED DATA RESCH
APPLIED LOGIC
ARIES
AUTOIIATIC DATA PROC
BOLT , BERANEK , NEWMA
BOOTHER COIIPUTER
BRANDON APPLIED SYS
CONP ENV IRONlIENTS
COIIPUT ER EXCHANGE
COMPUTER INVESTORS
41122 6-
ER IIETHODS
COIIPUTER PROPERTY
COIIPUTER SCIENCES
COIIPUTER TECHNOLOGY
CT C COMPUT ER
COIIPUTER USAGE
COMPUTING + SOFTWARE
CO ('\-SHARE
CYBERMATICS
DATA AUTOMAT IO N
15621218 35-
3
15
34
13
19
9
76
15
14
1- 24
N/A
N/A
30 1 /2
N/A
N/A
11 1/2
61 1/2
N/A
9 1 /4
N/l!.
DATA DYNAMICS
DATA PROC FIN + GEN
DATA SYSTEHS ANAL YST
DATRON IC RENTAL
DEARBORN COIIPUTER
DECISION SYSTEMS
DIGI T AL APPLICATIONS
DIGITEK
DPA, INC
EFFICIENT LEASING
1-
N/l!.
30 3 /4
N/A
CO~\PUT
24
19
8
48
11
8 - 26
1- 10
1- 14
38
4- 12
4
32
6
8
10- 24
7-
12-
12-
4
7
15
3- 10
15
ELEC COMP PROG INST
ELEC DATA SYSTEMS
GREYHOUND CONPUTER
I NFORNATICS
I NTL COIIPUTE R
INTL COIIPUTER SCI
L EASCO
LE VI N- TOWNSEND
LMC DATA
IIGMT ASSISTANCE
3 - 12
31 - 161
5- 14
4- 21
18
1-
4
IIANAGEMENT DATA
NAT IONAL COHP ANAL
PLANNING RESEARCa
PROGRAMIIING NETHODS
PROGRANHING SCIENCES
PROGRANIIING SYSTEIIS
SCIENT IFI C COH PUTER
SCIENT I FIC RESOURCES
SYSTEMS CAP I TOL
TUIE SHARE
8114 -
26
9
53
27
17
1-
3
73-
31
19
1-
4
91-
26
14
2 - 15
1- 8
17
23 3/8
N/A
6 1/4
35 3/4
13 1/4
25 1/2
9 1 /4
N/A
7 1/2
9 3/4
6
24 3/4
3 1/4
4
N/A
9 5/8
3 1/4
+
+1
1/ 4
3/4
11 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/2
20
1
2 3/8
1 1/4
-
4
1 1/4
-
7 - 17
11- 20
46 - 167
72 - 115
27 - 38
25 - 49
7 - 16
17 - 31
22 - 39
9 - 21
17 1 /2
17 1/4
16 1 3/4
III 3/8
N/A
43
13 7/8
26 3/4
34
1 8 7/ 8
N/A
N/A
3 3/ 4
101 3/4
N/A
13 1/2
N/A
3/8
7/8
1 /2
3/4
3/4
1/2
1 /2
3/8
1/8
o
+
-
I 3/4
3 1/2
2 1/4
5/8
GRAPHIC CONTROLS
LEWIS BUSINESS FORMS
IIDtoREX
631-826
9
1 /8
3/4
3/8
1/8
I/S
3/8
1/8
5/8
+1
+3
- 1
21
49
33
26
20
105
18
32
DOW JONES INDuSTRIALS
1/8
1/4
-
- I
8- 15
7- 21
6 - 25
12- 54
15 - 36
5 - 29
11 - 25
93 - 12 9
9 - 19
14 - 31
12-36
o
1 /8
5/8
1/8
7 3/4
2 3/8
18 1/4
15 1/2
3/4
ADAHS II ILLI S
BALTIHORE BUS FO RIIS
BARRY WRIGHT
CAPITOL INDU STR I ES
DATA DOCUMENTS
DATA PACKAGING
DENNISOll !-IFG
DUPONT
ENN I S BUSINESS FORMS
GENERAL BINDING
COMPUTER STOCKS
o
o
20 7/8
4 3/4
44 3/4
20 1/2
N/A
3 3/4
3
12 1/2
4 1 /2
N/l!.
8
AVERAGES
1/8
5/8
+3
-
21
5
99
14
3 (,(
3/8
3/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
+ 1/2
- 1/4
- 1/2
- I
7/8
14 1/4
5
5/8
5/8
2-
HOORE CORP LTD
REYNOLDS + REYNOLDS
SAFEGUARD INDUSTRIES
STANDARD REGISTER
UARCO
WA LL ACE BUS FORMS
3/4
1/8
1/4
-I
+5
-
3 1/2
58 1/2
6 3/8
5114 2-
N
10
4
2
5
31
4
5/8
5/8
1/4
9 7/8
144
13
N/A
7
N/A
24 1 /8
18
2 1 /2
N/A
T RA COR COMPUTING
URS SYST EllS
UNITED DATA CENTERS
UNIVERSITY COMPUTING
US T I ME SHARING
o
o
A
o
N
o
4
1
1
47
6
12
1
1
4
7
1/2
1/8
1/4
5/8
1/8
1/4
1/4
- 1/2
+2 1/2
- 1/4
o
6
- I
1/4
3/4
1/ 2
1 /2
1/2
5/8
+ 1/8
+ 1/2
o
o
3/8
1/8
1/ 4
5/8
2 1 /8
+ 3/8
6 3/4
2
-
21
1 /2
2
11
7
9
16
17
5
20
129
10
25
10
80
97
36
37
9
18
25
18
36.69
18.36
793.03
+825.92
EARNINGS
AVG.
MONTH MONTH THIS
VOL· PER SHARE
PRICENET
MONTH LAST UME LATEST 12 EARNINGS.
%
(3)
CHG.
CHG.
MONTH (2)
MONTHS
RATIO
5/8
1 /4
1 /4
1 /4
5/8
3/4
7/8
3/4
o
+ 1.03
+65.9
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3 )
0. 1 6
63
2044
1977
- 2 . 05
1. 32
24
- 33.3
- 1.0
0.0
- 16. 6
- 0.6
- 20 .
+35.7
- 9.0
-5.8
- 16.0
(3)
3328
3509
0.36
31
410
578
1. 47
14
436
660
0.69
222
362
289
333
0 . 01
0.67
0.76
0.04
350
87
8
150
"'lLO
7692
1. 86
- 1 . 20
- 0 . 52
8
111
220
225
0.73
II
(3)
2302
(3)
3090
2914
0.72
25
14
19
3793
0 .14
0 . 09
- 0.98
- 12.5
+4 . 4
- 3.7
0.0
- 33 . 3
- 22.2
+3 5.7
- 9.0
- 44 .4
- 44 . 4
-17.3
+5. 5
+2 .8
0.0
- 57.1
0.0
- 17.6
- 3.4
- 10.0
- 50 .0
- 10 . 1
- 16.0
+ 9.3
+1 2 . 4
+12 . 5
-1.3
+9. 8
+2 3/4
+ 5/8
68
23
8
10252
3/4
1/2
7/8
0 .7 0
0.26
1. 57
7273
- 7.0
+3 . 5
+ 21 . 3
+11.1
+2 . 1
- 4 .1
+ 15 . 9
+ 8.0
+2 . 4
+ 2.0
7/8
3/4
3560
13
7/8
1/4
5/8
5/8
3/8
1 /4
7/8
1/4
1/4
1/2
-2
+6
+1 0
+4
+
1940
0.57
-
5/8
1 /2
1 /2
20 5 2
(3)
273
+7.5
- 5.8
+
+
- 0.31
154
1 /2
1/8
+2
+ 10
813
165
+1
-
+
+1
+1
+
268
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4175
+ 21.4
- 6.8
o
350
0.0
0.0
- 1. 2
- 13.9
- 15.0
+ 29.0
+11.1
+ 9.6
+14.2
- 33.3
1 /2
1 /2
1 /2
3/4
- 22 . 9
- 2 7. 2
- 27 . 7
+13.5
- 9.4
+ 4.0
- 18 . 1
- 28 . 5
- 20.0
0.0
o.n
o. n
+ 11. 9
+3. 5
(3)
(3)
(3)
1167
(3)
(3 )
(3)
4116
(3)
(3)
349
(3)
(3)
(3)
556
(3)
217
(3)
243
(3)
(3)
(3)
9991
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2178
(3)
2551
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6662
(3)
438
- 0 . 89
0.4 1
16
20802
14 137
0 . 97
22
366
437
1. 1 9
10
335
16 53
62
579
1 549
114
1953
3729
378
1279
3873
3 18
0 . 62
1. 44
1. 68
0.5 1
1. 5 4
7.02
0.92
0.84
15
11
10
11
14
18
11
30
0.27
0.91
2.20
3 . 31
25
12
37
29
1. 49
0.81
1. 98
2 . 16
1. 17
25
12
9
12
15
(3)
509
1328
92
(3)
832
355 1
493
(3)
(3 )
(3)
9010
5401
(3)
11600
11636
12538
5599
52~
524
104
18 7
(3)
746
(3)
109
(3)
+5.6
0.78
23.5
+8.0
3. 19
15.8
CORPORATE P·ROFILE
Featured this Month:
ITEL CORPORATION (American & Pacific Coast Stock Exchanges)
San Francisco, Cal. 94104
OFFICERS & DIRECTORS: Fred H. Merrill, Chairman
of the Board, Chairman of the Executive Committee, American Express Co.; Peter S. Redfield,
President; Gary B. Friedman, Executive Vice Pres.
and Director; Brooke P. Taylor, Director and President, ITEL International ; Greer M. Arthur, Jr.,
President, SSI Container Corp. ; William H. Bird,
President, ITEL Processing Div.; Douglas W. Johnson, Controller; R. Douglas Norby, Vice Pres. , Finance; John H . Pickart, President, ITEL Information Products Div.; Donald S. Safford, Secretary of
the Corporation; Donovan S. Thayer, Vice Pres. ,
President of the ITEL Equipment Leasing Div. ;
John S. Anderson, Jr., President, Rexport Corp.;
Daniel D. Jackson, Senior Vice Pres., F. I . DuPont
Glore Forgan; Franklin B. Lincoln, Jr., Mudge
Rose Guthrie & Alexander; William B.
McWhirter, formerly President, Data Systems
Div. , IBM ; Harry A. Olson, Jr., Vice Pres. Corporate D evelopment, American Express Co.; Henry
A. Walker, Jr., PreSident, AMFAC, Inc.
ITEL was organized in D ecember,
1967, under the name SSI Computer Corp. In
June, 1969, ITEL assumed its present name.
BACKGROUND:
Corporate headquarters are located in
San Francisco. Some of ITEL's other locations are
in Palo Alto, Cal., Greeley, Colo. , Harrison, N. Y.,
and Monaco.
ventory is over $200 million. Presently, there are
130 customers on 210 leases . In addition, ITEL
offers leases in areas such as airline, railroad, and
maritime equipment. In July 1969, ITEL entered
th e computer peripheral equipment field by
acquiring 65 percent of Diablo Systems. Diablo
has developed both a computer disk drive and an
output printer. Meaningful sales will begin in the
current quarter.
OUTLOOK: ITEL seeks to become a total data processing company with an end-user marketing and
service organization. By employing its substantial
computer leasing profits and through utilization of
its borrowing power (over $40 million raised in
this tight money market) ITEL has vigorously and
profitably expanded its operations through
acquisition in growth markets.
CURRENT POSITION: While committed to external
growth, ITEL has also emphasized internal devel. opment. The results are now being realized. Consolidated revenues for the 1970 third quarter
amounted to $17,379,000 against $11,111,000 during the same period in 1969.
FACILITIES:
SERVICES / PRODUCTS:
In July 1970, ITEL introduced a new, low-cost revision typewriter the ITEL Word Processor, which offers a highspeed method of making corrections on original
rough drafts and operates on paper tape playback.
It is inexpensive, easy to operate, can be used on
any ordinary desk top, and finishes letters at the
rate of 175 words per minute.
The Data Processing Division principally markets computerized accounting services. ITEL believes that it is the largest processor of accounts
receivable in the world.
Also, ITEL is one of the nation's largest lessors
of IBM System/360 equipment. The total in28
For the first nine months of
the year total earnings were reported as $2,806,000
or $0.66 per share as compared to $2,370,000 in
earnings and $0.62 per share for the comparable
period last year.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY:
YEAR ENDED DECEM BER 3 1
Ye ar
1968
1969
Revenues Net Income Earn ings
(M il lions) (M ill io ns) Per Share
9.8
40.4
0.5
3.3
$0.17
0.86
(e nded 10/ 30/ 69)
Nine Months
28 .5
2.4
0.62
(ended 10/ 30/ 70)
46.9
2.8
0.66
Nine Months
MOD ERN DATA/ January 197 1
just
the ticket
This Bunker-Ramo data terminal
system gives instant access to traffic
ticket records of 1,800,000 drivers.
::!
W
(:I
0.:0::
...
to·
J.I
I
S
D
T
"
V
(:I
H
\I
..
....
0
,
•
..
-
. . .
".
l
•
,
_~)(CVR""""
_
V<\.Y
• ...,.
~
"
_
_
Bunker-Ramo, with more on -l ine/ real-time experience than anyone else, provides the data entry and retrieval system for the Motor Vehicle Department
of one of the most populous states.
The present headquarter's system is being expanded, with a new CDC computer, and will be remoted to seven regional offices with Bunker-Ramo Series 2200
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) terminals. Some are located right on the judges'
benches in municipal courts, fo r use after trial and before sentencing to determine the violator's past driving record .
What started as a headquarters convenience is expanding to a .statewide lawenforcement tool.
For real-time access, go with the leader. Our experience with municipalities,
airlines, manufacturers and businesses of all kinds will prevent runaway costs
on your real-time project.
If this is just the ticket for you, co ntact Mr. Guy Mallery, Vice President, Business
& Industry Division , The Bunker-Ramo Corporation, 445 Fairfield Avenue, Stam-
ford, Connecticut 06904. Phone (203) 348-4291 .
r.
I!i
MODERN DATA/ J anu ary 1971
The real real-time people.
THE BUNKER-RAMO CORPORATION
® Business & Industry Division
CIRCLE NO. 13 ON INQUIRY CARD
29
COMMUNICATIONS CLINIC
A REVIEW & FORECAST
Communications Clinic is a regular monthly column written by
the staff of Berglund Associates, Inc., consultants in telecommu·
nications. Readers are invited to submit questions on any aspect
of communications or suggestions for future Clinics to:
Communic'ations Cli'nic
c/o Berglund Associates, Inc.
1060 Kings Highway North
Cherry Hill, New Jersey 08034
WHERE IS THE INDUSTRY TODAY?
We rate the computer-communications field as
A+ for excitement and potential, but B- for
progress. We are particularly disappointed in the
state of the terminal and modem marketplace, in
which we find little to excite us. There have been
few significant breakthroughs (i.e., a doubling,
tripling, etc. in performance) since the 9600 bps
modems first demonstrated commercially in 1967.
We have seen improvements in cost-performance,
but these are a direct result of manufacturing cost
reductions attributable to medium- and large-scale
integration. The market today is characterized by
a host of "me-too" products. This makes the question of vendor selection exceedingly difficult and
one frequently resolved with the well-known dartboard problem resolution technique. This is not
healthy because half of the vendors may not be in
business to service their products two years from
now. Furthermore, a multiplicity of small suppliers
may preclude anyone of them from the investments required for product development and
improvement.
Notwithstanding ten years of communications in
data processing, the Teletype low-speed terminals,
in our opinion, are probably still the best price-performance equipment in the market. Admittedly,
they are a tough act to follow because of their halfcentury (plus or minus) of development and manufacturing experience, and because of their largescale production for the Bell System. However, if
the terminal forecasts are valid, where is the Teletype competition?
The marketplace is a rash of contradictions. On
the one hand we hear the cry "Crisis in Communications." On the other hand we see 139,000 Bell
data sets on the DDD network at the end of 1969.
On the one hand we hear Datran speak of the
30
need for 14.4 kilobit service. On the other hand we
see Dataphone 50, the switched 50 kilobit toll service, going begging. And we see the forecasts for
installed narrowband data sets greatly exceeding
those for higher speeds. And we see annual shipments of paper supplies to the computer industry
at roughly twice those for communication terminals. We reject the crisis in communications as unjustified marketing hyperbole. We do have . operational problems, and we do have cost problems.
As to operational problems, fully half of the Bell
System plant has been installed since 1965, and
this rate will probably continue. As to cost problems, as the economy continues to grow, more will
be able to cost-justify data communications; and
this will be reinforced by manufacturing cost reductions in terminals and sub-systems.
With all this negativism, why an A+ for outlook? Because there is a revolution under way. We
have seen more in revolutionary thinking in the
past three years than in the entire 36 years of the
FCC's history. Witness:
• the Cartm'fone decisions;
• the approval of the MC I ent1'Y;
• the pmposed policy on new entries to the common can'im' market.
WHERE IS THE INDUSTRY GOING?
Simply stated, on-line, There is a growing base of
llsers who are shaken down in batch processing.
These will now turn to remote access on both a
batch and conversational basis. The price-performance of terminals, communication sub-systems,
and mainframes is improving through mediumand large-scale integration and through solid state
memories. This trend will make it easier to costjustify data communications. These trends also
mean more intelligence per dollar in remote terminals, and less reliance on central processors and
files. This will help 'cost-justification since its
thrust is to the part of the system where costs are
not decreasing, nor likely to decrease in the first
half of the 70s - the communications line.
We continue to face years of non-communication about communications, i.e. , the baudy
brawls before the FCC and other regulatory auMODERN DATA/January 1971
thorities. As a case in point, the Carterfone decisions were handed down 23~ years ago and we're
still arguing about interconnection. The whole
question of bulk bandwidth rates and policies is,
alone, a complex and important issue. The directive to allow unrestricted Telpak sharing, and Telpak as we know it today, are mutually exclusive.
What, then, will be the bulk bandwidth offerings,
and what will be the undoubtedly higher costs for
such services?
Another area of conflict is that of interconnection, which we discussed in last month's
Clinic. Typical of the problems that could be encountered is the following. A privately-owned telephone incorporating a Touch-Tone type of keyboard can legally access the switched network
through a $0.50 per month manual voice connect
arrangement. However, if the same button-oscillator array is integral to, say, a credit card terminal, a $2 per month manual data access
arrangement is presumably required. This is ridiculous and inconsistent with the need for millions
of point-of-sal e terminals.
W e also face problems in rates from a national
point of view. Imagine th e chaos if the prices of
unbundled services were set on a state-by-state
basis. Yet that is th e pricing situation in communications.
For another probl em area, the proposed regulatory policies on integrated computer-communications systems are going to yield a good deal of
revenue for FCC-qualified law firms . Grossly put,
th e policy is that a system may be subject to regulation if its primary thrust is communications. Differentiation will be difficult. W e thus have a proposed policy which is structured to motivate
deception. Our own view is that th e natural monopol y rather stops at supplying bandwidths ; and
that computer switching of traffic on common carrier facilities should be unregulated. The exchange and private line networks allow a user an
infinite opportunity to connect with a switching
supplier, which should ensure as much self-regu lation as in any other branch of th e economy. Notwithstanding this, if abuses still occur in the market, such as restraint of trade or unfair
competition , th ere is a whole body of statutory
law with which to act.
M ODERN DATA / Janua ry 1971
Finally, the 70s are going to see an end to the
historic common carrier monopoly on supplying
bandwidth to the general public. This is a very
complex and emotional issue.
In general, we favor the entry of special-pmpose carriers on a carefully controlled basis. W e
can certainly see a basis for arguing that like-competition may be counter-productive for the economy. We cannot, however, become visibly moved
over cries that competition in a service area representing about one percent of Bell System revenues
will lead to disast rous results.
SUMMARIZING -
THE ' 60s AND '70s
In summary, we view the 1960s as a decade of
development in technique and technology. We
saw the commercial introduction of modems, making data transmission a reality; we saw the development of computerized message switching; we
saw the increase in voice-channel speed to 4800
bps, then 9600 bps. In applications, we have gone
from off-line card-to-card transmission to fully integrated on-line systems handling industry activities from order entry through billing, and realtime information systems in banking, reservations,
and security trading.
In the late 60s, usage and technology had
reached a point where some of the historical communications constraints had to be broken, and
such cracks appeared as authorized multiplexing
and the Carterfon e decisions. The 70s will be a
decade of finishing that aspect of development in
the art, and of a dramatic increase in use and users
of data communications. W e will see th e common
carriers increasingly cast as a vendor of bandwidth
and of more versatile organizations of bandwidth.
And th ese offerings will be in a competitive marketplace.
W e entered th e 70s with a solid awareness of
data communications' potential and the means to
implement systems. W e can plan on doing so with
equipment of continued price-performance improvement and in a competitive market for communications services. It should be an exciting dec~
ade for th e industry.
31
data
bits
from
Teletype
knowing
who's
gOing
where,
when and
I
flight manioperations.
. One carrier, that
hundreds of flights and
some 25,000 people daily, recently reduced some of the problems involved
by integrating high-speed Teletype®
equ ipment into its system.
Computerized manifest data, compi led in the airline' s central office, is
sent to departing terminals two hours
prior to each flight. It's used in a variety of ways : As a board ing checklist.
In computing aircraft weights and
balances. For meal details. To meet
speCial requests for whee lchairs , etc.
total on-line time:
divide
by twelve.
If you have a number of lowspeed terminals in your timesharing system that generate
heavy loads of on-line time, it
may pay dividends to do the
above arithmetic. The Teletype
Inktronic terminal is about
twelve times faster.
This electronic, solid-state terminal will generate 128 ASCII
comb inations. Prin t 93 alphanumerics in upper and lower case .
It ach ieves 1200 wpm printing
capabil ity. Charged ink droplets
are drawn to the page through a
series of electrodes that form
the character called for. The ink
supply and guidance system has
only one moving part. So the
Inktronic terminal requires little
maintenance. And it's really
quiet.
It has more than on-line operational economy, too. Uses ordinary teleprinter paper. And
inexpensive ink. Like most equipment in the Teletype line, you
won 't find a more capable termina l on a price! performance
basis.
At the time of departure, " no show"
passengers are deleted from the manifest, standby names on board are
added, and the list resubmitted via
Teletype equipment to central office
computer for updating. The computer
then generates the " official " manifest
and sends it to both departure and
ariival terminals involved, at 1050
wpm . The send-rei"ceive operation usually is complete before the flight
gets into the ai r.
Teletype's Stuntronic™, electron i c
selective calling station controllers,
also helped reduce computer port requirements of this system by 90%.
32
MODERN DATAlJanuary 1971
on track
with 80,000 cars
Numbers: important in every business. But, no
one has to contend with more of them than a
railroad. Keeping the digits straight that identify
rolling stock alone, staggers the imagination.
These numbers represent big money to railroad
and customers alike.
One major railroad uses over 500 high and low
speed Teletype terminals in its system to provide the type of car utilization that means business and profitable operation. The terminals
are linked, to a computer by communications
channels.
The Teletype equipment has parity error detection capabilities. Important in keeping the
identity and location of over 80,000 cars
stra ight. Teletype so lid-state terminal logic
permits the computer to poll stations and
terminals to respond automatically.
Data generated includes immediate
car availability, projected car availability in 1 to 3 days, condition of
cars , what type of goods each can
handle. Locomotive power available. Enabling the railroad to
provide shipper customers the
equipment they need for loading, when needed. The data
, system handles over 30 million data bits daily.
recommended
reading
Teletype has a number of brochures
on equipment, applications, and
case history data. A short
description of what is available is
contained in: "How to get answers
to your questions about Teletype
equipment. " Write for your copy.
Teletype data communication
equipment is available in sendreceive capabilities of up to 2400
words per minute. Included are
ha'rd-copy, magnetic-tape and
paper-tape terminals, error control
devices, options and accessory
equipment to fit most data
communication system
requirements. For information write:
f
,
TELETYPE CORPORATION
...
_
.......
- ®
machines that make data move
M
Dept. 40-13, 5555 Touhy Ave ., Skokie, III. 60076
Teletype is a trademark reg is tered in the U.S. Pat. Office
MODERN DATAl January 1971
CIRCLE NO. 14 ON INQUIRY CARD
33
THE SYSTEMS SCENE
COMMERCIAL MINI SYSTEMS REVISITED
THOM-AS DeMARCO, Vice Pres. -
Mandate Systems, Inc., New York, N.Y.
About one year ago, I wrote on commercial mini
systems in this column. At that time, I said that
IBM's new System/3 was not the answer to any
maiden's prayer, but that th e California Office Systems Computer was. In the interim, Cal Systems
has gone out of business and IBM has not. For
farsighted insight I get less than 100%.
I had chided IBM for unreasonably abandoning
standards with the System/3, for being card-oriented, for not offering upwards compatability, an d
for sticking users with a dog of a language like
RPG. I still agree with all of that. But the System/3 users I have talked to are well pleased, even
ecstatic. Happy users these days are about as rare
as happy investors, and I conclude th at the system's virtues outweigh its faults.
Those virtues are considerable and typical of
lBN! : high-quality peripherals, continuing dedication to product development, and impeccable service. (The service is the most important; and after
observing it for all these years, it still astounds me.
My own IBM representative is the most perceptive and user-conscious vendor I have ever en-_
countered.) Software is less than elegant but more
and more abundant. The price is competitive. The
range of applications is enormous.
My infatuation with the Cal Systems computer
was based on two things: its periph erals and its
turnkey applications. The peripheral that particularly pleased me (and still does) was a tape cassette unit OEM'ed b y International Computer
Products in Dallas. That device was, in my opinion,
the first real mini-periph eral having price and function consistent with the needs of a mini-user.
In order for a mini system to be viable in the
commercial environment it must have the peripherals to make it usable. These include a good
printer, tapes, and perhaps a sense mark reader or
the like. The other essential is a set of ready-made
applications packages. A complete turnkey operation is best; a reasonable commercial programming
language is a minimum necessity. Assembly language is not a reasonable commercial language.
Cal Systems was the first to assemble something
that could be marketed to small commercial users.
In the past year a few other bright minds have put
Thomas DeMarco is a regular contributor to Systems Scene
34
together good workable commercial mini-systems.
The strongest approach comes from the Digital
Equipment Corp. Their Business Aid System is
built around a PDP-8. (What can't you do with a
PDP-8?) The new DECwriter printer is obviously
destin ed t5 fit into the Business Aid System. The
system currently uses DECtapes, but a change to
cassettes would not be a surprise.
Package software includes Accounts Receivable,
Payroll, General Ledger, Inventory, and Sales
Analysis among others. Best of all is a shorthand
Cobol called DIBOL which can be used to round
out th e already generous package set, and for
some customizin g.
DEC also offers some full turnkey variants of
th e system for us ers like office products distributors,
fu el oil dealers, etc. Prices are $60,000ish including
a DECpack disk. The garnish is typical DEC solidity and fine service.
EDP Technology of Orlando, Florida has a very
pretty little commercial system in their CBS-4/5.
The CPU is a NOVA by Data General. The system
features a Univac "circular saw" printer and tape
cassette drives ( ICP again). The user operates online with programs like General Ledger, D etailed
Journal, Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Accounts Receivable/Sales Analysis, and Payroll. All
that in a desk cabinet for $24,000. There's even a
stripped-down version for $16,090. Clever people,
these Floridians.
Automated Business Systems has put togeth er
the ABS / 1231 aroun d some nicely user-oriented
devices of th eir own design. The system comes in
turnkey form for such applications as Production
Plannin g and Control, Payroll and Accounting, and
Hospital Accounting and Analysis.
Where people are doin g things right, IBM is
never far behind. The latest activity in th e System/3 area is to put th e user back on-line ( S/3,
Mod. 6 ), where a small machine user bclongs. New
peripherals like the ledger card handler are oriented toward th e businessman. Turnkey operations
are the new vogue, and as everyone has heard (except at IBM ), there seems to be a System/3 Cobol
alive and well in Poughkeepsie.
Exciting things come from thinking small. Today the world, tomorrow the drugstore.
..
MODERN DATA/ Jan uary 1971
SOFTWARE FORUM
HOW TO SPEl-L MIS
KEN FALOR, Dir . Mktg . Services. Cullinane Corp., Boston , Mass.
Although the only sure thing that can be said
about a Management Information System (with
capital letters ) is that it is a System for providing
Information to Management, there are many economically practical and functional management information systems (with small letters ) around and
doing quite well. I refer to those that have gone
above and beyond the normal call of duty by furnishing special information to management on
request. Through this door we enter the realm of
the "Special Request MIS/mis." (While most business systems on a computer provide information
for management, MIS (or mis) is generally taken
to mean a nice neat way of obtaining non-standard
information.) .
WHERE AND HOW
Sometimes Special Request needs can be met with
infom1ation already "up" (located in a file ). Sometimes it involves putting more information up.
Once the "where" is taken care of, we must deal
with the "how" - getting it out in the form desired. Sometimes this can be done with systems
that get it to the manager in a few hours, on paper. Another way, more elegant in concept and
also more expensive, is to get it to the Manager
(note capital letter) in seconds and on the face of
a CRT display.
So, for our purposes at least, we can define mis
as a system for getting information on paper to a
manager in hours, and MIS as a system for getting
Information on a CRT to a Manager in seconds.
We will furth er qualify our MIS by calling it a
"Special Request MIS" to distinguish it from modeling and gaming systems, as well as from systems
that involve rather large reorganization and/or
centralization of file structures and files (including
the "data base management system"). These systems are really independent of the Special Request
MIS and mis that we are talking about, although
th ey may interface with them.
The Special Request mis is often developed by
simply utilizing a good report generator or file
management system to minimize response time
Ken Falor is a regular contributor to Software Forum
36
and relieve the pressure on the programming staff.
This is a fascinating and expanding field of information systems technology.
The Special Request MIS is accomplished by
putting files on disk and installing a TP facility to
access them, a bigger (;omputer to handle them,
an on-line software system to control them, and a
black box on a Manager's desk (along with an instruction book boiled down to Dick and Jane sim.
plicity) to retrieve them.
We deplore the currently fashionable tendency
to overlook the first of the above ways, and even
to overlook both of the above ways to solve special
request problems. Each oversight can affect the
budget by a factor of ten. Lately, the first instinct
seems to be to go all the way; i.e., to merge all
information into one monster file and install a data
base management system to handle it so one black
box can access everything in the company for the
MANAGER (all capital letters now) . However,
this may not be the answer at all to the special
request, as you and your MANAGERS may bitterly find. The reason is simple: the bigger the file,
the longer the access time. Your data base management system may use an almost infinite numher of special fil e structures (including chaining)
and access methods - but these are effective only
if you ask the right questions. Many a MANAGER
asks questions that require going through nearly
every record of a file. AlO1'st Back where you
started. And after you just spent $500,000 (conservatively) on the monster.
BEFORE YOU LEAP
If the principle goal is only to satisfy the Special
Request (however complex), we feel that going to
a common data base system and sometimes just
going to an on-line system can be a matter of technological overkill. There are, of course, exceptions:
the gigantic files necessary for on-line customer inquiry systems or special military and business
strategy applications (where seconds really do
matter! ) are unavoidable. But just remind yourself
and your manager that the difference between a 5second and 5-hour response to a special request
may be half a million dollars or so. Is it really
worth it?
A
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
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37
UP THE SYSTEM DOWN TIME
ONLY MAMAS GIVE GOLD STARS
Up the System Down-Time fans will welcome Fritz Kinderhaufen as he takes a macro
view and a surgeon's scalpel to the twin subjects of privacy and reputation.
FRITZ KINDERHAUFEN • Laji!as Mgt. Assoc., Alpine, Texas
We systems people are about to become the prime
target in one of the most pivotal controversies
since Immanuel Kant critiqued pure reason.
My intent is not to alarm systems people or make
anyone wish that he weren't in the systems game.
But as a systems man, you should be aware that a
fi ght is about to take place. So take a side now to
avoid getting caught in the cross-fire.
The problem deals with a subject of tremendous
personal significance to every man alive. It is an
emotion-ladened issue which transcends pure
materialism and strikes at the very core of a man's
pride. What could be all that important? The answer is very simple: Every Man's Reputation.
Put this article aside and forget it if you will,
but my bet is that you will have cause to reflect
upon this matter relative to your own reputation
before too many years pass.
WHY YOU?
You are the man who developed computerized
systems for keeping track of a man's reputation.
You have been responsible for maintaining credit
records of individuals and companies for years.
You are now putting together systems to keep
track of criminal suspects and health records, vital
statistics and tax records, security evaluations, and
general aptitude scores.
Up until now these records have not been put
together well enough to frighten many people, but
technology draws nearer the time when they will
be put together all too well! Nor will our legislators prevent this from happening as they
attempted to do in 1967 when Congress killed the
resolution for a national data bank. Information
about a man's reputation is too valuable to be ignored or postponed. Too many important decisions, such as hiring, mortgage loans, insurance
applications, and even national security, hinge
upon it. There is no doubt that we will continue to
keep records on people's reputations and that we
will continue to increase th e amount of information recorded.
SOMEBODY UP THERE IS TALKING ABOUT YOU
There is one aspect that is likely to change. Heretofore almost all the information we kept was
maintained for our files (and the files of anyone
with whom we chose to share it), but was generally not available to the individual in question. As
records on a man's reputation become more complete and more widely available, it is almost certain that the subject of these records will insist
upon the right to see them himself. And he will
want all those nasty little codes translated.
He already suspects you of doing an incompetent job of keeping the debits and credits
straight on his credit cards, but his reactions have
been mild compared to what he will do if you fail
to keep the record straight on his reputation.
Have you ever noticed how you get on mailing
lists? Have you ever wondered what by-products
could result from your resume once it has been
placed in a personnel search data bank or a dating
service file? Don't get up tight; I just wondered if
you had ever thought about it.
If you have, you've probably shrugged your
shoulders at the scope of the inquiry. How do you
find out who bought all the mailing addresses, or
how well your credit files are updated? Who has
access to them?
You, the systems manager, are the best qualified
investigator to pursue the task and determine
what records are maintained on you.
THE POSITIVE POWER OF THE NEGATIVE STING
There has been increasing attention to the question of privacy and the computer. There will be
even more attention as the public becomes aware
of the potential for good and bad that a Reputation Bank can bring.
The present laws which seem most applicable
are those dealing with slander and malicious gossip. It is doubtful that we will get into trouble for
keeping records on a man's reputation provided
that anything we say about him is either honorMODERN DATAlJanuary 1971
able or true. Generally, we get into trouble only
when we say things about a man which are neither honorable nor true ( or are no longer true) .
Anyone who has ever done much thinking
about the right of privacy realizes that we seek
privacy only on the things we don't want other
people to know, and publicity for everything else.
Few people would object to a data b ank which contained only nice information and which automatically rejected updates of an unfavorable nature.
It must be remembered that almost all records
maintained on an individual bear upon the negative aspect of his activities. No gold stars are
awarded when he pays his debts, sends his children to school, and stands tall in his community as
a paragon of virtue; only mamas give gold stars. Mr.
E veryman has nQPR department or slick ad agency
which can offset the negative fact that he forgot to
mail his mortgage payment just before he left for a
well-earned vacation.
If we realize that we are in the business of
awarding demerits only, then let us program as if
our own reputations depend upon it.
MODERN DATAl Jan u ar y 1971
PREDICTION
It can b e predicted that the Reputation Banks
which are already here will be enlarged and become more mutually addressable. The public will
demand and gain the right to know what is on the
record.
Companies which maintain and exchange
records bearing on reputations will find themselves involved in liability suits which will make
front page headlines across the country.
We have always been very aware of the need
for systems controls when we account for dollars.
In the future we must become even more alert
when we account for reputations .
Remember: the reputations we save may be our
own.
...
You a'l'e invited to take a mornent from your other duties
next month to scan (optically) Mr. Kinderhaufen's
thesis re system~ organ ization recruitment problems:
"The Lou;-Pass Filter and Other Hang-Ups."
39
SOURCE DATA AUTOMATION
PUSHBUTTON TELEPHONES
LAWRENCE A . FEIDELMAN, Vice Pres . •
Information Spectrum Inc., Cherry Hill , N.J.
Let us examine a low-cost, widely available source
data automation device which is as simple to use
as your telephone. In fact , this device is your telephone. Specifically, th e push-button model offered
by the Bell System under the name of Touch-Tone
telephone (Fig. 1 ). Its most important characteristic is that it can be llsed for entering data as well
as voice messages.
Applications which take advantage of the
Touch-Tone telephone's data input capabilities are
already well-known . When us ed as a credit-checkin g device, for example, it res ults in faster and
morc accurate verification . As a sales tool, it provides an ' immediate means of determining the
avai lability of ordered items and expediting th eir
delivery.
Its socio-economic implications are enormous.
Every home and office has potentially a computer
data entry device in the form of th eir telephone.
D ependent housewives and handicapped persons
can now join the work force by performing keypunching jobs at hom e. Extensions of this application give each of us access to a computer system
for store ordering, budget planning, check balancing, personn el identification , bill payments, and
even income tax calculations.
HOW THEY WORK
The Touch-Tone telephon e generates and transmits frequ encies or ton es as buttons are depressed.
A multi-frequ ency coding system, 2 groups of 4
fr equencies each, permits up to 16 separate button
depressions (with only 12 buttons presently being
used ). Fig. 2 shows a Touch-Tone pushbutton
arrangement. Numeric characters only require a
single depression of the buttons, whereas
alphabetic characters require two or three depressions. In the latter case, the alphabetic character is
defin ed by the control characters" , "#, or # followed by the alpha character button. For example,
to en ter A1B2C3 you wou ld depress "21 "#22#23
in th at order.
Another way to enter data is by using prepunched plastic cards. Each card can con tain 14
digits or characters which can be read at a rate. of
approxima tely 8-}~ characters per second. The
Lawrence Feidel man is a regu lar co ntri bu tor to Source Data Automation
40
card characters can be divided into fixed fields between which variable data can be entered at the
keyboard.
In areas where telephone central exchanges
have not been modified for Touch-Tone service,
an auxiliary Touch-Tone pad can be connected to
the rotary dial handset. The call is placed through
the exchange by dialing normally, and the buttons
are used to input data after the circuit has been
established.
OTHER PUSHBUTTON TELEPHONES
AT&T is not th e only company which provides
pushbutton telephones. Photo-Magnetic Systems,
Inc., for example, manufactures a computer data
entry pushbutton telephone called COMPUT-APHONE, which is similar in operation to the
above-mention ed Touch-Tone system . Another
company, Transcom Products, manufactures several models of pushbutton terminals which vary in
their mode of transmission and optional features.
Options include a strip printer for visual verification , and an alldio answer-back capability.
AUDIO ANSWER-BACK
An audio answer-back system responds to the caller in pre-defin ed patterns of tones or in machinegenerated speech. This latter capability requires a
voice response system at th e computer end. Voice
response is especially valuable for bank accoun t or
store credit checks when th e exact account balance is required, or for applications requiring short
inquiry response messages (e.g., stock quotations,
weather forecasts, news reports, and production
data checks).
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Combining all th e above features together, a possible user procedure might be:
(1) Call is mad e to compute r syste m to establish conn ection ,
and audibl e ac knowle dg e me nt of con nection is rec e ived .
(2) Id e nt ificat ion cod e is transmitted by us e r who th e n proceeds to tran smit da ta via pre pu nche d ca rd and / or pushbuttons. (Furth e r acknowledg e ment may b e provided.)
(3) User transmits end-of-message code.
MODE RN DATAl Janua ry 197 1
DGD
BeJEl
GGEl
Fig. 1. Bell System Touch-Tone Telephone
(4) Depending upo n th e remote facility configuration, an
ODD
Fig. 2. Touch-Ton e Pushbutton Te lephone
acceptance or rejection to ne and / or verbal repetition of
mess age may be rec ei ved, a t w hich tim e user te r minates call
by rep lacing rec eiver.
COST
The cost of pushbutton telephon es is dependent
upon the manufacturer, telephone location rates,
and attachments . Monthly rentals run from ap-
proximately $7 for the basic pushbutton phone to
$30 for a model which includes hard copy printout, a card dialer, and an audio answer-back capability. These prices, of course, do not include special interconnecting devices or the voice response
system at the processing location.
A
One original and
4 crisp, clean carbon copies.
300 lines a minute
80 or 132 columns wide ...
••
ALPHA - Small, reliable, low maintenance. Proven concepts in line printers ava ilable today. Standard 64character ASCII sub-set and DTLlTIL compatible interface electronics; either basic parallel interface for
custom systems or fu ll se rial or parallel for any mini-computer.. And best of all - ou r prices start at
$7,560.00. For an immediate response, please
wri te Syner-Data,Inc.,133 Brimbal Avenue,
Beverly, Mass. 01915 or call (617) 927-3222.
IN CANADA
a
Syner·Data Canada Ltd .
367 Ormont Drive, Weston, Ontario, Canada
ALPHA / BETA
MODERN DATA/ J a.nuary 1971
CIRCLE NO. 16 ON INQUIRY CARD
41
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
TIME-SHARING SERVICES- REGION I
New England and Mid-Atlantic States; Eastern Canada
EDITOR'S NOTE: This Profile updates the
February survey and initiates a new series on
time-sharing services. A departure from previous
Profiles will be the tabulation of vendors on a
regional basis - the U.S. and Canada being
divided into four regions . This first Technology
Profile covers time-sharing 'services offered in
Region I - The New Engand States, the MidAtlantic States (N.Y. , N.J., Pa. ), and the Eastern
Canadian Provinces (Que., the Maritimes) and discusses software development as a user
application for time-sharing. Future Profiles
(published on a quarterly basis) will cover the
other regions of the U.S. and Canada, and discuss
such areas as data-base applications, special tim esharing services, and software.
COMPARING SERVICES
Th e question of pricin g tim e-shared computer services is a difficult one. Som e vendors charge for
CPU and conn ect tim e, others charge a quantity
which is a function of CPU tim e, connect tim e,
amount of core memory used, and I / O data channel usage. Since there is no standard unit of computer power, th e b est way to compare vendors is
to run b enchmark tes ts which apply to a variety of
system uses under varying load conditions. The
benchmarks should t es t the following: 1. CPUbound programs ; 2. I / O-bound programs; 3. Balanced programs ; and 4. Programs driven by user
response to terminal output.
ROBERT J. KOLKER
has
over
eleven
years experience in
programming
and
42
mathematical analysis. He has a B.S. in
Mathematics
from
Syracuse Univ. and
an M. S. in Mathematics from the Univ.
of California . Prior
to his employment
at Interactive Data
Corp., he held positions with Mitre,
Honeywell, and lincoln labs.
The benchmarks should be applied at different
times of the day to reflect the effect of different
loads upon the system. Benchmark 4 gives the
user an indication of the responsiveness of the system under test. This is of particular importance to
data-base query programming and on-line program debugging.
In addition to specific system attribu tes, the
quality of t elephone service to a vendor's computer facility must be judged. The reliability of
connection, frequency of busy signals, amount of
line noise, and cost of connection must be included in any selection of time-sharing vendors.
Bear in mind that the computer services offered is
no better than the telephone connection to that
vendor.
Once th e user has decided time-sharing is th e
best route to follow, how does he choose among
several vendors? This choice depends largely on
the user's purpose or application. This Profile
series divides applications into three non-exclusive
areas: Software D evelopment; Data-Base/Related
Applications ; and Special Services and Software.
Software developm ent will be discussed in this
Profil e; th e remaining areas will be covered in subsequent Profiles.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Software D evelopment is still th e major use to
which tim e-sh ared computer systems are applied.
The reader may wonder why one should do software development on a tim e-shared computer facility wh en th e cost of such services is relatively
high? The basic reasons are the increased availability of computer services to the programmer;
and the drastic reduction in the program test-program correction cycle.
The effect of this reduction is quite strikin g. In a
hatch-processing facility , a programmer may get 1
to 5 "shots" a day ; in a tim e-sharing facility, he
may get 30 to 50 "shots" a day. Consequently the
batch-processing programm er must multiprocess
his mind, and work on two or three programs at
once to achieve effiCiency, whereas the time-sharing programm er can work on a program until it
performs correctly. Humans are not particularly
effici ent at multi-processing their minds, and such
shifting reduces mental concentration and effiMODERN DATA/ Jan,uary 1971
ROBERT KO LKER •
ciency per-job. By wall-clock time a programmer
can do a job on a time-sharing system from 4 to 10
times faster than on a batch system.
On-Li ne Debugg i ng
The key to reducing the test-correction cycle is
the use of on-line debugging facilities. The type of
aid found in batch facilities requires the programmer to decide ahead of time what type of dumping and tracing will be done at run time. The online debugging facility enables the programmer to
interrupt his run asynchronously and insert additional trap and trace instructions not originally
planned when the debugging strategy was first
formulated.
In addition, on-line debugging facilities usually
permit the programmer to set up his breakpoints
and traces without modifying the source program
or text deck. This differs from the "trace-on,"
"trace-off" statements that must be inserted in the
source deck at compile time. Some time-sharing
vendors offer very sophisticated debugging aids
which permit symbolic debugging - reference to
memory locations and registers using the same
symbols as in the source program. Some even permit run-time patching so the corrected program
can be run and tested before a recompilation or
assembly is done.
This type of debugging facility is the lineal descendent of console debugging systems popular
with users of mini-computers. In effect the timesharing system gives the programmer his "own"
machine, and transforms his terminal into a virtual
machine console.
There is a danger to all this convenience. The
discipline of inferrential debugging and deskchecking tends to erode. There is a tendency to try
program fixes without thin king through all the
consequences. Also, the presence of on -line diagnostics tempts the programmer to ignore the deskcheck. This type of sloppiness can run up a rather
large computer bill.
Test Generation
Anoth er facility useful to software development is
test data generation. Again, such faciliti es are
available at batch processing installations, but the
MODERN DATA / January 1971
Interactive Data, Wa ltham, Mass .
ease of file creation and manipulation in the timesharing environment enhances the usefulness of
this kind of test aid.
If the software development application involves more than one programmer, the user should
see if the vendor offers a system of file-sharing.
The technique of making a programmer's source,
text, and data-files available to his team mates
corresponds to cataloging data-files in a batch processing faCility.
Target Env ironment
If the ultimate environment is non-time-shared, or
the product is to run on an in-house installation,
the user must determine the ease of conversion
from the development to the target installation.
Some degree of compatibility is required between
the development and target system.
If the compatibility is achieved through machine independent programming, the user must
see if the vendor offers high-level language support (PL/1, Fortran, Cobol, etc. ). If such support
is available, then the specific attributes of the target environment must be present or simulatable in
the development environment.
The user may require compatibility at the machine level. If this is so, the vendor should provide
macro and assembly language facilities. Usually
the machines for development and target usage
are of the same make.
Core Memory Management
Most time-sharing systems provide a virtual
memory to the user, that is, a range of addresses
which bears no necessary relationship to the
actual range of addresses which are used at run
time. There are two kinds of environment memory paging and non-paging. In a non-paged
environment, the amount of virtual memory available to the user is less than that of the physical
machine on which the system is run. This usually
means the amount of core available to the user at
anyone time is less than his total requirement. In
this case he will require some form of program
overlay ~ either dynamic or static) to run a set of
programs.
Overlay management requi:es a loader which is
more elaborate than the straight-forward relocat43
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: TIME-SHARING SERVICES
Region 1 ............................. Cont'd
able loader. The user should be aware that program design must take into account overlay design and the resultant run time increases due to
swaps of overlay segments.
If memory paging systems, special hardware is
used to translate the users virtual addresses into
real machine addresses when his program is run.
In such systems, it is possible for the virtual
memory to exceed the actual memory of the machine being used. The user may design his program modules somewhat more freely since he can
specify very large virtual memories for his nm
time environment. He can design his program
modules independent of overlay management restrictions. On the other hand, restrictions in the
target environment may force the user to forego
the advantages of paging.
Job Control
Anyone who has used Job Control Language in as
knows th at run setup can be very complicated and
error-prone. Most time-sharing systems have task
initiating commands whose syntax is much simpler
than those found in batch process job control languages. In addition, tim e-sharing vendors offer executive file capability (i.e., the user can create a
file consisting of terminal level commands and
conditional transfer statements which constitute
the task management logic ). The executive fil e
can be invoked , and tasks specified within th e fil e
are initiated automatically. Conditional statements
within the executive file can cause tasks to b e
skipped or re-initiated according to th e conditions
stated. In effect , the executive fil e transforms th e
user's terminal into a "player piano."
Some vendors offer a dormant-run capability
(i.e. , th e user may initiate a task or invoke an executive file and then disconnect his terminal). The
execu tion of th e users task( s) eith er completes
successfully, or is terminated by an abnormal condition or by a watch-dog timer which prevents a
run from going indefinitely. Such features are
available in batch systems, but th e time-share environment gives the user the choice of working
interactively ( terminal connected ) or in the manner of remote job entry (terminal disconnected after task initiation). The user should inquire about
this dormant-run capability since it reduces connect tim e charges.
Text Editing
Time-sharing vendors offer text editing facilities of
varying degrees of sophistication. For software
44
development, th e basic requirement is a lin e editing capability (i. e., th e editor enables th e programmer to insert, change, or delete entire lines of
text ). More sophisticated editors provide context
editing facilities where one can make changes in a
specified context rath er than handle entire lines of
text. Context editors usually have faciliti es for
making global changes (i.e. , changes for all occurrences of a character string in a specific context
wherever such occurrences are throughout th e entire fil e). Text editin g used in conjunction with
compiler ( or ass embler ) make quick work of removing syntactical errors from source programs.
Gone is th e annoyance of losing a half day because
of a missing comma.
Attachments
A feature which is usefu l wh ere large source files
are required is th e ability to attach a card read er,
punch, or a magnetic tape to th e us er while he is
on-line. Not all vendors offer this capability, and
some require that th e llser load card decks at night
when th e system is not available for tim e-shared
usage. Th e ability to load data fil es via a card
reader gives th e us er th e option of h aving his
source ( or data ) fil es key-pun ched off-lin e, th en
edited on-line. As a rule, key-punching is cheaper
th an source file creation on -line.
THE TABLES
Table 1 lists the vendo1's who ofJel' time-shm'ing
se1'vices in Region I - New England, and MidAtlantic States, and the Easte1'1l Canadian Pl'OVinces. Local offices, whel'e a usel' may tie in eithel'
di1'ectly with the central process01' (c), 01' with a
multiplexel' (m ) to avoid excessive telephone
tolls, are listed along with the states and provinces serviced. Pa1'mneters on facilities , term,inals
ofJeJ'ed, chm'ges, file stJ'ucture, softwaJ'e, applications packages, and data bases a1'e tabulated fOl'
each vendol'. To obtain additional info1'mation,
use Table 2 01' call the nearest local vendol' office.
A
Data-base related applications will be discussed in
the next Time-Sharing Technology Profile, which will
cover vendors in the South Atlantic and South Central
States (Region II).
MODERN DATA / January 1971
TABLE 1 • TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1
A x icom
Syste ms
Bown e
urlington
Management
Community
T i m e~S h arin g
Mid Atlantic
Ct, Ma
Mid Atlantic
Ct
Mid Atlantic
Ct, Ma
\lew England
'Aid Atlantic
NJ , Pa
Binghamton (m)
Princeton (c)
NYC (m), Buf (m)
Bos (m), Phil (m)
E. Orange (m)
Paramus
NYC
NYC (c)
Bos (m)
Phil (m)
NYC (m)
Phil (c)
Scranton (m)
IBM 360/ 50
GE-440
DEC PDP-l0 (2)
UNIVAC 1108/ ex8 IBM 360/ 40
RCA
pectra 70/ 46G
HP 2116B
Size
128K bytes'
64K @ 24 bytes
128K @ 36 bits
131K@36bits
256K
256K char.
16K words
Core to User
Program
32K
22K
32K
70K
128K
1M bytes
5.44 words
No. Use rs
-
50
50
100
48
32
Response Time
3/1 sec.
-
-
-
-
4/ 0.1 sec.
1/ 0.1 sec.
TTY, CRT,
Printers,
Plotters
TTY, CRT,
Plotters
TTY printers,
Plotters,
TTY, CRT,
TTY
TY, CRT,
Pr inters
TTY
Printers
-
-
$100
$150'
-
~100
-
Connect/ Hr.
(prime / no'n-prime)
-
$9.50/ $5.00
$10.00
$10.00 / $5 .00
$2.15
$12.00
$7.00
CPU / Min.
(prime/ non-prime )
-
5¢ / 3¢
$8.40/ $4.80
0.8¢ / 120m sec.
$25 / 1550 bytes
Allen-Babcock
Computing
Applied Computer Applied Logic
REGION I
Area Se rvic ed
New England
Mid Atlantic
NY
Local Office s
Union , NJ (c)
NYC (m)
Bos (m)
Phil (m)
COMPAN Y
FAC ILITIES
CP U'
Time Share
Computer
(p eak/ nonpeak use)
TERMINALS
CHARGES
Card Equip.
Minimum/ Mo.
,
O¢
-
Disk Storage/ Mo.
-
$1.00/ 1 K char.
75¢ / 1024 char.
-
Tape Storage/ Mo .
-
16¢ / reel'
$1.60/ 1000 records $3.oo/ tape
O ther
-
-
1 0¢/1 024 char.
-
4¢ / 1 0,752 char?
$5.00Ireel read
-
-
$6 .00/ 25K bytes'
1 O¢ / sector'
-
Drum
FILE
STRUCTURE
Index Seq I.'
Random
Partitioned:J
Seql.
-
-
Index Seql.
Random
Random
Index Seql.
Random
Seql ..
Index Seql.
Random
Partitioned
SOFTWARE
ALGOL
COBOL-ANS I
FORTRAN-IV
GPSS
PLll
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
AID
B'A SIC
COBOL-ANSI
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
LISP
SNO BOL
MACRO·l0
COBOL-ANSI
FORTRAN-IV
GPSS
LISP
S IMSCR IPT
SNOBOL
COBOL-ANSI
FORTRAN-IV
PL/ l
~ASIC
BASIC
Business
Busin ess
Text Edit
Bus iness
8anking
Text Edit
Eng inee ring
Scientifrc
Program Debug .
Text Edit
Financial
Engineering
Printing
Financial
Business
Banking
Scientiflc
Accounting'
Financia I
Simulation
Text Edit
Medical
Text Edit
Engineering
Scientific
Printing
Engineer ing
Program Debug .
Scientific
Simulation
APPLICAT ION
PACKAGES
Accounting
Financial
Text Edit
Accounting
Text Edit
Engineering
Scientific
Printing
Engineering
Scien tific
Simulat ion
OBOl-ANSI
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
Program Debug.
Accounting
Education
Education
MULTI-USER
ON-LI NE
DATA BASES
Financial
OTHER
COMMENTS
' 2MK bytes (lCS)
' Backgro und
-
-
-
'Not Based Sole ly
' Usag e- Excluding
on Time
Connect Time
'pe r day
MODERN DATAl Jan uary 1971
-
-
-
Firs t 50K bytes
Free
to 1 K sectors,
~re
'80 words / sec.
then 2'h¢
45
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: Continued
TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1 .... Cont'd
COMPANY
REGION' I
Area Se rvice d
Compute r
Complex
Compute r
Dyna mics
NJ, NY
Ma
Comp ute r
Solut ions
Comp / Uti lity
Mid Atlan t ic
Mid Atlantic
Ma, NH
Ct, Ma
Ct
New Engl and
Mid Atlantic
Que
Ma
NY, Pa
NS, Que
Bos (c)
Norwood, NJ (c)
NYC (m), Bos (m)
Ph i l (m), Pitts (m)
Rochester, NY (m)
Mont real (c)
Halifax (c)
Bos, NYC
Reading , Pa
HP 2000A
DEC PDP- l 0
XDS 940 (4)
HP 2000A
16K words
64K
64K words
32K
32K
16K
8K
Compute r
Scie nc e s
FACILITIES
CPU
Size
NYC (m)
Crawford, NJ (m)
Bos (m)
XDS
940; Sigma 7
AL/COM AL-l0 (2) UN IVAC 1108
64K words
128K
@ 36 bits
E, Orange, NJ (c)
NYC (c)
Elmsford, NY (m)
Bos (m), Phi l (m)
Hart (m)
NYC (m)
P"r ince ton (m)
196K words
Consolid ate d
Compu te r
Que
Loca l Offi ces
Com-S ha re
@ 36 bits
@ 16 bits
16K words
32K
20K
54K char.
No. Use rs
42
50
40
-
16
3/ 1 sec.
-
-
16
Response Time
(p eak / nonpeak use)
1/ 0.5 sec.
-
-
5/ 0 sec.
TTY, CRT,
Plotters
TTY, CRT,
Plotters
TTY, CRT,
Printers,
Plotters
TTY, CRT,
Printers,
Plotters
TTY, CRT,
Plotters,
Card Equip.
TTY, CRT,
Printe rs,
Plotters
Core to User
Pr o gra m
TERM INALS
TTY, CRT,
Printers,
Plotters,
Card Equip.
$250
$ 100'
$25
$ 100
-
$400'
$50
Conne ct/ Hr.
(pr ime / non-prime )
$ 12.00
$10.00
$1 1.00'
$8.. 00/ $4.95
$8.00/ $5 .00
$10.00
$7.50/ $6.50
CPU / M in.
(prime / no n-prime)
$2.40
-
50¢/ sec."
-
$1.80'
$3 .00
-
Disk Sto ra g e/ Mo.
2 1h¢/ 1024 bytes 1
75¢/IK char.
$1.00/ 3072 char.
$1.00/1 K char.
50¢ / 1280 char.
90¢ /w ord
12¢/ 128 char.
Tap e Storage / Mo.
-
10¢ / IK char.
15¢/ tape'
-
$10.00/ tape
$3.00/ tape
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
Drum
FILE
STRUCTURE
Index Seq !.
Ra ndom
Index Seq!.
Random
-
-
Random
Index Seq!.
Random
Random
SOFTWARE
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
SNOBO L
CAL
BAS IC
COBOl
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
LI SP
JOSS
MACRO-l 0
SNOBOL
ALGOL
BASIC
COBOl-ANSI
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
GPSS
SIMSCR IPT
AGOL'
BASIC
FORTRAN-II'
BASIC
COBOL-ANSI
FORTRAN-IV
LISP
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
SNOBOl
A LGOl
BASIC
FORTRAN-I I
APPLICATI ON
PAC KAGES
Bu siness
Ban king
En ginee rin g
Scientific
Busin ess
Banking
Business
Accounting
Bus in es s.
Bank ing
Business
Business
Accou nting
Financial
Tex t Ed it
Simu lation
Financial
Medica l
Program Debug.
Eng ineering
Scientific
Enginee ring
Scien t ific
Simulation
Financia l
Accounting
Tex t Edit
Banking
Fina ncial
Accounting
Text Edi r
Simu lation
Program Debug.
CHARGES
Minimum / Mo.
Other
Eng ineer ing
Scien tifi c
Educ a ti o n
Program Debu g .
M ULTI-USE R
ON-LINE
DATA BASES
-
OTHER
COMMENTS
' PER DAY
46
En gineering
Scientific
Program Debug .
-
Building / Constr.
-
-
12¢ / 128 char.
Printing
Engineering
Scientific
Sim u la tion
Program Debug.
Educa t io n
Fina nci a l
-
Economic
Building / Cons tr.
Business Mgt.
' w ith 3rd 8illing
' $ 10/ hr RJE
' $800/ hr RJE
3 per d a y
IBatch
' plus 60¢ / K
MODERN DATA / Janu ary 197 1
TIME-SHARING SERVICES- Reg ion 1 . .. . Cont' d
Inte ra ctive
Scie nces
COMPANY
Control Data
Dia log
Computing
f irst Data
GE
Info rmation
Services Div.
HO'n eywell
Information
Services Op.
Interactive Data
REG ION I
Mid Atlantic
Ct, Ma
M id Atlantic
Ct, Ma, RI
Ct, Ma
New Eng la nd
Mid At lantic
New England
Mid Atlantic
Mid Atlantic
Ct, Ma, RI
Ma
NY, Pa
NYC
Phil , Bas
Hart
Milfo rd Ct (c)
NYC (m), Bas (m)
Phil (m), Pitt s (m)
Hart (m)
Fairfield Ct (m)
Bas (c)
-
Bas (c)
NYC(m)
Phil (m)
Bas (c)
NYC (m)
Phil (m), Pitt s (m)
Bas (c)
NYC(m)
Pitts (m)
CDC 6400
IBM 360/ 65
DEC PDp·l0
GE 265; 635
HON Hl648 (3)
IBM 360/ 67(2)
DEC PDp·l 0 (2)
A re a Se rv iced
Loca l Offi ces
fAC ILITIES
CPU
@ 60 bits
@ 36 bits
2.25M bytes
65K
-
32K word s
512K bytes
98K
-
131K
33K
-
16K
512K (virtual)
33K
-
140
63
200
48
-
-
-
3/ 0 sec.
3/ 1 sec.
-
3/ 0 sec.
-
-
TTY,
CRr
TTY, CRT,
'Printers,
'Plotte rs, OCR,
Card Equip.
TTY, CRT,
Printers l
Plotters
TTY,
CRr
TTY
CRT
TTY, CRT,
Printers
TTY,
CRT
-
-
-
$100
$90.00
-
-
Co nnect/ Hr.
(pr ime/non·prime)
$8.00
'$10.00
$7.50/ $5.00
$7.00·$8.50
$10.00/ $5.00
$13.00/ $8.00
$7.50
CPU / Min .
(prime/ non·p ri me)
20 ¢/sec.
$34 .60
60¢ / K core
-
$2.40/ $1.80
$16 .00
-
Disk St o ra g e / Mo .
30¢11280 char.
$1.65 / 2048 bytes' 39¢ / K char.
-
$1.00/ 1024 char.
$25.00/ 150K bytes $25.00/ pack
Size
Core to User
Program
N o. Users
Response Time
peak/ nonpeak use
TERMINALS
CHARGES
Minimum/ Mo.
65K
Ta p e Stora ge/ Mo.
-
-
$5.00/ $7.50/ tape
-
10¢/ 1024 cha r.
$1O.00 / hr . usage
$5.00/tape
O th er
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
fiLE
STRUCTURE
-
Index Seq!.
Random
Random
Random
Seq!.
Random
Seq!.
Index Seq!.
Random
Partitioned
Index Seq!.
Random
Partitioned
SO fTWARE
ALGO L
BAS IC
COBOl·ANS I
FO RTR AN· IV
BAS IC
CO BOl·A NSI
COGO
FORTRAN· IV
BASIC
CO BO L·A NSI
FORTR AN·IV
BAS IC
COGO
FORTR AN· IV
ALGOL
A PL
BAS IC
COBO L·ANSI
COGO
FO RTR AN -IV
GPSS
SNO BOL
PL/ l
BAS IC
FORTRAN· IV
LI SP
APPLICATION
PACKAGES
-
Business
Business
Financial
Financial
Accountin g
Text Edit
Accoun t ing
Text Edit
Printing
MU LTI-USER
ON-LINE
DATA BASES
-
OTHER
COMMENTS
MODERN DATAl Jan u ary 1971
Enginee r ing
Printing
Enginee ring
Scientifi c
Program Debug.
Simulat ion
Scientific
Program Debug.
Education
-
-
ALGO L
BAS IC
COGO
FORTR A N·I I
Business
Banking
Financial
Accoun t ing
Enginp.ering
Text Edit
Accounting
Scientifrc
Simulation
Education
Engineeri ng
Text Edit
Printing
Engin e er ing
Scient ific
Program Debug.
Financial
Legal ; Economic
Building/ Constr.
Business
Financia l
Scientific
Education
-
Business
Bankin g
Financia l
Financ ia l
Econom ic
Business
Banking
Financia l
Text Ed it
Enginee rin g
Scientific
Program Debug.
Financia l
Econom ic
' First 100;
47
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: Continued
TIME-SHARING SERVICES- Region 1 . ... Cont'd
COM PANY
REGION I
A re a Se rv ice d
Local Offices
I"te rmac
In t e rn at ion a l
Ti me Sh ari ng
NY
Rochest er (m)
Sy racuse (m)
NY
NYC (m)
Keyd ata
Le asco Res po nse
New Eng land
Mid Atlan t ic
New England
Mid Atlantic
Que
New Eng land
Mid Atlantic
New Engl and
Mid Atlantic
Paramus (c)
NYC(m)
Pills (m)
Bos (c)
NYC (m), Hart
Clifton, NJ,
Garden City, NJ ,
Bos (c)
NYC (c)
Phi l (c), Pills (c)
Bos
NYC
Phil , Pills
Bos (c)
NYC (c)
Prov (m)
Hart, N. Haven
ITT Data
M ark/ Op s
Se rv ices
Ct, M a, Me,
NH, RI
NJ, NY
Mont
IBM 360/ 50
CDC 3300 (2)
IBM 360/ 67·65
UNI VAC 494
HP 2 116 B (4)
IBM 360/ 65
-
Size
-
1M ch ar.
-
65K wo rds
32 K words
5 12K bytes
64K @ 32 bits
Co re to U ser
Pro gra m
-
'32K @ 24 bits
60K
-
10K
114K
36K
No. Use rs
-
120
-
800
16
-
64
Res p o nse Time
(p ea k/ non.
p eak use)
-
2/ 0 sec.
-
2 sec.
> 1 sec.
-
5/ 1 sec.
TT Y
CRT, OCR,
Printers,
Plollers
TTY
TTY
TTY, CRT,
Plollers
TTY, CRT,
Plotte rs
Pl o tters
-
$100
-
-
$ 100
$ 100
-
$12.00
$ 10.00
-
-
$5.75
$9.00
$7.50/ $4.50
CPU / M i n.
(prime / non-p rime)
$6.00
12¢ / sec.
-
-
-
$ 18.00
-
Disk Storage/Mo.
$10.00/32K char.
-
-
-
75¢ / I 024 cha r.
$1.00 / 3440 char.
-
Tap e Stora g e / Mo .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Oth er
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FILE
STRUCTURE
Index Seq l.
Ran dom
'Index Seql.
Random
Partition ed
Index Seql.
Ra ndom
Seq I.
Index Seq l.
Random
Parti ti oned
SO FT WARE
AP L
'BAS IC
COGO
FORTRA N-IV
BAS IC
COBOL-ANS I
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
PL/ l
-
BAS IC
FORTRAN-IV
BAS IC
FORTRAN-IV
PL/ I
ALGOL
BAS IC
COBO L
FORTRAN- IV
SIMSC RIPT
APPLICATION
PAC KAGES
Banking
Business
Banking
Busi ness
Financial
Accoun ti ng
Text Edit
En gineeri ng
Scientific
Simu lati on
Progra m Debug .
Business
Accounting
Business
Banking
Financi il l
Accounting
Printing
Enginee r ing
Scientific
Busin ess
Banking
Business
Financial
Fi nancial
Econom ic
-
FACILITIES
CPU
TERM INALS
CHARGES
Minimum / Mo .
Co nne ct / Hr.
TTY, CRT,
(p ri m e/ n on -pr im e)
Financial
Accoun ting
Tex t Edi t
Enginee r ing
Sc ientific
Educatio n
Financia l
Accounting
Tex t Ed it
'Engi neering
Scient ific
Simulation
Program
Program Debug ,
Education
Financi al
Accounting
Accounting
Engin ee ring
Scien tific
Tex t Edit
Simu lation
Ed ucation
Printing
Eng ineer ing
Scientific
Simulation
Prog ram Debu g.
-D ebug .
MULTI-USER
ON·LlNE
DATA BASES
-
Fi nanci al
'Economic
-
-
-
OTHER
COMMENTS
48
MOD ERN DATA/ J anua ry 197 1
Our new teleprinter runs so quiet
we had to fake a little noise.
Operators couldn't get used to the eerie quiet of the keyboard on our
new TermiNet *300 teleprinter.
So we added a little noise to give them some "feel:' Even then
it's quieter than an office typewriter.
And when it's running as a high-speed printer from tape or
computer it 's quieter still.
A front-panel switch lets you select a speed of 10 characters per
second . That makes it compatible with the leacling communications
terminal. Or a speed of 15 characters per second. That makes it
compatible with the leading computer terminal.
Or its unique speed of 30 cPS. Which makes it compatible with
your special requirements of data handling, and saves you money.
But quietness and speed aren't all. We've built a whole raft of
versatile features into the TermiNet 300 printer. That way it'll take
care of your needs for years to come.
Things like horizontal or vertical tab. Long-print lines-up to
118 characters. Pin feed. A transparent mode. Remote 20-character
answerback. Parity check. Full/half duplex operation. And many more.
Most of these options are supplied as simple modular plug-ins.
Which brings us to the reliability of modular construction. It's
very reliable. And that's backed up by General Electric's nation-wide
service. A point worth considering. And considering again.
Whatever your needs-time sharing, information systems,
computer-outputed editing and formatting, even just repetitive
printing - the TermiNet 300 teleprinter is what you should specify
in your present system. Or in your next. General Electric Company,
Communicadon and Control Devices Department, P.O. Box 4197,
Lynchburg, Virginia 24502.
GENERAL. ELECTRIC
TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1 ____ Cont'd
COMPANY
McDo'n nel Automation
REGION I
Area Serviced
NJ, NY
NJ , NY
Multiple Access
Genera I Computer
Mid Atlantic
Ct, Ma
Mid Atlant ic
Ct, Ma
Mid At lantic
Ct, Ma
Ct, Ma, RI
NY
NY
Que
NYC (m)
E. O range NJ
NYC (m)
E. Ora nge NJ
NYC (c)
Phil (c)
Ha rri sburg
Phi l (c)
NYC(m)
Harr isburg (m)
Rochester(m)
NYC (c)
Phil (m)
Harri sburg (m)
Bos (c)
NYC (m), Hart (m)
Prov (m)
Montrea l (m)
Rochester (m)
NYC
XDS Sigma 7 (2)
GE 430
GE 430
XDS 940
IBM 360/67
CDC 3600 (2)
CDC 3500
Size
96K words
24K words
32K
Core to Use r
Prog ra m
20K
10K
19K
Local Offices
FACILlT,IES
CPU
@
24 bits
64K
@
24 bits
11 K
128K
@
32 bits
1024K bytes
256K
@
48 bi ts
32K
13 1K
@
24 bits
32K
128
29
32
40
60
64
32
-
-
1 sec.
1 sec.
< 1 sec.
-
1/ 1 sec.
CRT
CRT
TTY, CR T
Plotters
TT Y, CRT
Printe rs
Plotters
TTY, CRT
TTY
TTY, CRT,
Printers
No. Users
Response Time
(peak / nonpeak use)
TERMINALS
Printers
Plotters
-
-
$200'
$200'
$200'
$70
$ 10
Connect/ Hr.
(prime / non.prime)
$8.00
$ 10.00
$9.00
$11.00
$10.00
$10.00/ $7.50
1
CPU / Min .
(prime / non . prime )
$ 12.00
$3.00
$2.40
$2.75
$ 18.00
20¢ / sec.
$10.00/ $8.50
Disk Storage/Mo.
40¢ / 1024 char.
$2.50/ 1500 char.
15¢ / 180 char.
$ 1.00/ 1K cha r.
$10.00/ 120K char. $1.50/ 2048 char.
CHARGES
Minimum / Mo.
Tape Storage/ Mo .
Other
FILE
STRUCTURE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$20.00 Tr ansfer
$20.00 Transfer
$20.00 Transfe r
-
-
Random
Random
Random
Seql.
Ran dom
Seql.
Index Seql.
Random
Seq l.
Index Seql.
Index Seq l.
BASIC
COBOL-ANSI
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
BASIC
COBOL-ANS I
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
APPLICATION
PACKAGES
Business
Banking
Financia l
Accounting
Accoun ti ng
Text Edit
~ngineering
Scientific
Program Debug.
MULTI-USER
ON-LINE
DATA BASES
OTHER
COMMENTS
60¢ / 4096 char.
-
SOFTWARE
50
Multicomp
Mega Systems
-
Random
Partitioned
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
CA L
COBO L
FORTRAN-IV
GPSS
SIMSCR IPT
SNO BOL
PL/ 1
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
Business
Business
Banking
Financia l
Accounting
Business
Banking
Business
Banking
Business
Financi a l
Financial
Accounting
Financia l
Accou nting
Text Edit
Tex t Edit
Engineering
Scientific
Simu lat ion
Education
Financia l
Tex t Edit
Tex t Edit
Medica l
Text Edit
Printing
Engineering
Scientific
Progr am Debug.
Engineering
Scientific
Program Debug.
Engin eering
Scientific
Simu lat ion
Medical
-
-
Engin eering
Program Debug.
Education
Scien tific
Simulation
Program Debug.
-
Financia'
' For A ll Systems
-
ALGOL
COBO L-ANS I
COGO
FOR TR AN- IV
GPSS
PL/ 1
Financi a l
Eng in eeri ng
Scientific
Simula ti o n
-
' $8.00/ 11 0 baud
$12.00/300 baud
MODERN DATA/January 1971
MAC
AND THE
ELECTRON
BEAM
RECORDER
or
A Superswift Scribe
Conquers the Computer
Stouthearted MAC 16 has won the day again!
Consider, if you will ; a high-resolution, on-line
processing system that increases computer printout speed by a factor of 20. Truly, it staggers the
imagination!
The manly fellows at 3M have resolved the printout logjam with their Series F Electron Beam Recorder. And what part, you ask, does lockheed's
dedicated control computer MAC 16 play in this
triumph? (knowing that the best is yet to come).
MAC, with its admirable 1-microsecond cycle
1..---_
time and priority interrupt
system, was the well-considered choice
for the #210 EBR Controller. This is the unit, as the
reader instantly realizes, that contro ls the Magnetic
Tape Drive, the EBR itself, the Image Processor and
the many Microfilm Reader-Printers at remotel y
located po ints of use. In short, the entire EBR system .
But modesty precludes a further discussion o ~
MAC 16's virtuosity. If you would know more, hesi tate not. Phone for the stirring details. (213) 7226810 . Collect, as you have no doubt anticipated.
Lockheed Electronics
Oat. Products Division / Los Angeles (213) 722-6810
A Subsidiary of Lockheed Aircraft Corporat ion
MODERN DATAl January 1971
CIRCLE NO . 18 ON INQUIRY CARD
51
It takes
special data terminals
to fill special data
terminal requirements.
And special data terminals are our specialty.
Since we make most of the components that go into
data terminals anyway, we can design and make the whole
terminal, to meet your custom requirements.
And you'll be happy to hear that our typical turnaround
for a prototype is normally less than four months.
If you prefer to put your terminal together yourself,
we can supply you with do-it-yourself components such as
card readers, switches, scanners, logic, indicator
lights and all the connectors you'll ever need.
But you'll save time and money if you let us do the whole
thing. And we ' ll treat it as special as you would.
For more data on our data terminals, write to
AMP Incorporated, Harrisburg, Pa. 17105
AMP
INCORPORATED
Manufacturing and Direct Sa l es Facilities in: Australia , Canada, Fran ce.
Great Britai n , Holl and , Italy. Japan, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, Sweden .
U n ited States and West Germa n y.
52
MODERN DATA/January 1971
ation
WORLDWIDE
Job Cost Recorder
• Provides input from: Badge Card , Tab
Card , Slid e Switches and Rotary Matrix
Switches
• 10 or 11 level ASCI output + 5 - 0 level
• ASR-33 compatible
• Output data rates from 10 characters
per second to 500 CPS
• Lamps to indicate reject, repeat, error,
standby
• Case designed to your specificat ions
Dial-up Inquiry Terminal
•
•
•
•
•
Useful for credit inquiry and data reporting
Automatic dialing of computer telephone number
Computer answer-back lamp
Provides 12 digit inquiry number
Three answer-back lamps can indicate
valid credit,
do not grant credit, repeat information
• Case designed to your specifications
MODERN DATA/ January 197 1
CIRCLE NO. 19 ON INQUIRY CARD
53
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: Continued
TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1 00
COMPANY
On -Lin e
Nation al CSS
Philco-Ford
Systems
t
00
Cont'd
Prop rie ta ry
Compute r
Systems
Rapidata
Ma, RI
Ma
NY, Pa
New England
Mid Atlantic
Bos (c)
Programs &
Prince ton
Time-Sharing
Service s
A'nalysis
Mid At lantic
Mid A tl an tic
Ct, Ma
Que
NJ , Pa
Mid At lan tic
Ct, Ma
Pitts (c)
NYC (m), Phil (m)
Buffalo (m)
Stam f o rd , Ct (c)
NYC (m), Bos (m)
Phil (m), Mont (m)
Ro chest(m} Eliz(m}
Phil (c)
Princeton (c)
Phi l (m)
Prov
NYC (m)
Bos (m)
Phil (m)
Fairfield, NJ (c)
NYC (c)
B<>s (m)
DEC PDP-l 0
IBM 360/67 (2)
BUR B5500
IBM 360/65
GE 430
IBM 360/50
GE 437
Size
128K
106M bytes
33K
1.5M bytes
32K wo rd s
512K
250K bytes
Core to User
60K
1024K
19K
350K
15K
32K
96K
REGION
Area Serviced
Local Offices
FACILITIES
CPU
@ 48 bits
Program
No. Users
45
-
48
60
30
60
35
Respon se Time
(peak/ nonpeak use)
0/ 0 sec.
-
-
3/ 0 sec.
-
-
15/ 3 sec.
TERMINALS
TTY, CR T,
Printers,
Plotte rs
TTY, CRT,
Printers,
Plotters
TTY, CR T
Plotte rs
TTY, CRT
Printe rs
Plotte rs
TTY
TTY
TTY, CRT
Plotte rs
CHARGES
Min imum / Mo.
-
-
$25
$100
$100
-
$10
Conne ct/ Hr.
(primei'n on-prime )
$10.00
$ 10.00
$9.00/ $7.00
$7.00
$10.00/ $5.00
$ 12.00
$ 11.00
CPU / Min .
(prime / non-prime)
-
$22.80/$9.60
$7.20/$4.80
25¢ / sec.
$3.60/ $1.80
$6.00
$3.60
Disk Storage / Mo.
$ 1.00/ 3200 char.
$20.00/120K
bytes
$ 1.00/ 1K char'
$ 10.00/ l 00K
by tes I
85¢/ 1K ch ar.
$5.oo/ 32K
60¢/ IK char.
Tape Storage / Mo.
-
$ 10.00/ hr use
$5.00/ tape
-
-
$5.00/ tape
$5.oo/ tape
Other
-
Disk Access
$ 1.00/ 800K bytes
$25 Initi atio n
-
-
-
-
Random
Index Seq l.'
Ra ndom
Partitioned
Index Seql.
Random
Index Seq l.
Random, Seq l.
Partitione d
Index Seql.
Ra ndom
Index Seq l.
Index Seq l.
Random
Random
FILE
STRUCTURE
Partitione d
SOFTWARE
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN·IV
JOSS
LI SP
BASIC
COBOL·ANS I
COGO
FORTRAN· IV
GPSS
SIMSCRIPT
SNOBOL
PL/ I
ALGOL
BASIC
COBOL·6 1
FORTRAN· IV
GPSS
A LGOL
COBOL·ANS I
FORTRAN·IV
GPSS
SNOBOL
PL/I
BASIC
FORTRAN·IV
AP L
COBOL
COGO
FORTRAN· IV
GPSS
PL/ I
BASIC
COBOL·ANS I
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
APPLICATION
PACKAGES
Business
B.'a nking
Fina ncial
Text Edit
Enginee ring
Scienti fic
Program Deb ug.
Business
Banking
Fin a nci a l
Tex t Edit
Medical
Engin ee ring
Scien t ific
Simu la tion
Program Debug.
Business
Financial
Text Edit
Enginee ring
Scie ntific
Simu la tion
Program De bug.
Educa ti on
Bus iness
Fin ancia l
Accounting
Lega l
Enginee ring
Scientific
Sim ulation
Program De bug .
Educa tion
Business
Bu siness
Banking
Financial
Acco unting
Tex t Edit
Printing
Lega l
Enginee ring
Scientific
Simu lation
Program Debug .
Ed ucatio n
Business
Banking
Fina ncia l
Text Edit
Printing
Enginee ring
Scie ntific
Program De bug .
Educa t ion
MULTI-USER
ON·L1NE
DATA BASES
Financia l
Optics library
Financia l
Economic
Lega l
(trademarks &
chem. pa te nts)
-
-
Financia l
Economic
'Multiply Index
Dire ct &
Shared File·A II
Access Methods
lFirst 75K Free
lFirst 1M Free
OTHER
COMMENTS
54
MODERN DATA/January 1971
TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1 .. .. Cont'd
COMPANY
Scientific
Time Sharing
Realtime
Systems
Service
Technology for
Bureau
Information
Telcomp
Time Share
Ma-nagement
REGION 1
Area Serviced
Local Offices
FACILITIES
CPU
NY, NJ
Mid Atlantic
Ct
Mid At lant ic
Ct, Ma, RI
NY
M id At lant ic
Ct, Ma, NH,
RI, VI
Mid Atlantic
Ct, M a, NH,
RI , Vt
Bos (c)
NYC (m)
E. Orange, NJ (m)
Bos (c)
Hanover, NH (c)
NYC (m)
Bos (m), Hart (m)
E. Ora nge, NJ (m) Springfld, Ma (m)
Durham, N H (m)
DEC PDP7 / 8
DEC PDP-IO
NYC (c)
Sadd le Brk, NJ
NYC (m)
Phil (m)
Phil (c)
NYC (m), Bos (m)
Hart (m)
Al bany (m)
BUR B5500
IBM 360/ 50
IBM 360 / 50
GE 430
Ct, Ma, NH
NJ, NY
HP 2000A
"
Size
32K words
393K by tes
512K bytes
32K word s
24K word s
Core to User
Program
Virtual
32K
11 4K
20K
" Unlimited"
No. Users
32
60
-
40
Re sponse Time
5/ 2 sec.
1 se c.
5/ 0 sec.
-
TTY
TTY
128K words
16K words
32 K
5K
32
64
16
-
-
1/< 1 sec.
TTY, CRT
TTY, CR T
TY
Plotters
Plotters
(peak / nonpeak use)
TERMINALS
CRT
TTY
$500
-
$ 100
-
$1 00'
-
$90.00
$ 15.00
$ 12.00
$1 1.00
$11.00
$12 .00'
$10.00
$6.00
$8.35 / $6.65
$6.00
$9.00
-
-
5¢/4K/sec.
-
Disk Storage / Mo.
3¢ / 1K ch ar.'
$10.00/ 32K bytes
$1.50 / 3400 bytes
$1 .00/ 1800 char.
-
40/ 640 char.
$1.00/ 1240 char.
Tape Storag e / Mo.
5 ¢/fole '
-
I-
-
-
$1O.00/tape
-
Other
$100 Initiation
FILE
STRUCTURE
Random
SOFTWARE
ALGOL
BASIC
COBOL-ANS I
FORTRAN- IV
A PL
APPLICATION
PACKAGES
Busi ness
Banking
Bus in ess
Fi nancia l
Financi al
Accou nt ing
Engineering
Scientific
Simu lati on
Accounting
CHARGES
Min imum / Mo.
Conn ect/ Hr.
(prime / non-prime)
CPU / Min ,
(prime / non-prime)
-
15¢/ 3400 bytes '
-
-
DEC tape
$5.00/ tape
Random
Seql.
Random
Index Seql.
Index Seql.
-
~ andom
Random
Tex t Edit
BASIC
FORTRAN-IV
PL/ l
TELCOM P-II
BASIC
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
TELCOMP-II
BASIC
Business
Banking
Bus in ess
Business
Fin anc ia l
Business
Banking
B.usi ness
B.a nking
Financial
A ccou nting
Accounting
En gineerin9'
Scientific
Financial
Accounting
Engineering
Financial
Financial
A ccoun ting
Accoun ting
Print ing
Education
Engineering
Lega l
Scientific
Ed ucation
Engineering
Scien tifi c
Simu lation
Program Debug.
BASIC
FORTRAN-IV
Scientiflc
Banking
Tex t Edit
Medical
Enginee rin g
Scientific
Simu lation
Program Debug.
MULTI-USER
ON-LINE
DATA BASES
financial
OTHER
COMMENTS
Iper day
MODERN DATA/ J a nua ry 1971
-
-
Ipe r d ay
Cred it
-
-
-
lOr N o Min
@ $ 15.00/ hr
55
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: Continued
TIME-SHARING SERVICES-Region 1 .... Cont'd
Unite d Computing
Universi ty
Computing
Virtual
Computer
Services
Ma
NY, Pa
Mid Atlantic
Ma
Mid Atlantic
Ma
NYC (m), Phil (m)
E. Brunswick NJ (c)
NYC (m)
Bos (m)
Phil (m)
Union, NJ (c)
NYC (m), Bos (m)
Roch ester
A llentow n & Beth. Pa
GE 265
UNI VAC 11 08
DEC PDP-8 & -9
IBM 360/67
13 1 K@ 60 bits
16K @ 20 bits
64K words
768K
5.6K
53K
Vi rtual
COMPANY
Time Sharing
Resources
Tymsh are
REGION I
Ct
NJ, NY
New Engl and
M id Atlantic
Que
M;,
Area Serviced
Local Offices
NYC (c)
NYC (c)
Bos (m), Hart (m)
Da rien, Ct (m)
Montreal (m)
NYC (m), Ph il (m)
Bos, Pitts
Wh ite Plains
White Plains
IBM 360/50
XDS 940
CDC 6400
'512K bytes'
64K@24 bits
FACILITIES
CPU
Size
NY, Pa
Bos, Pitts
Core to User
Progra m
11 4K
32K
250K char.
No. U sers
60
32
-
39
100
-
Re sponse Time
(peak / nonpeak use)
1 sec.
-
-
-
5/2 sec.
-
TTY
TTY
TT Y, CRT
Printers
Plotters
TT Y
TTY, CRT
-
Printers
Printers
$ 10.00/$B.50
TERMINALS
Plotters
-
$80'
-
-
-
Connect/ Hr.
(prime/ non-prime)
$ 11.00
$ 16.00 L
$ 15.00
$8.00
$7.50
-
CPU / Min .
(prime / non-prim e)
$6.00
4¢
$36.00
$2.40
$20.00
-
CHARGES
Minimum / Mo.
$500
Disk Storage / Mo.
$1 .5017200 bytes
$1.00/ 1K cha r.
50¢/ 1280 char.
$ 1.50/ 1536 char.
-
-
Tape Storage/ Mo.
-
-
-
-
-
Other
-
-
-
Drum
-
-
$25.00/ 1K char.
FILE
STRUCTURE
Index Seq !.
Index Seq!.
Random
Inde x Seq!.
Random
Index Seq!.
Random
-
Index Seq !.
Random
Seq !.
SOFTWARE
AP L
BASIC
FOR TRAN-IV
PL/ l
SUPER BASIC
COBOL-A NS I
COGO
FORTRAN-IV
SUPER FORTRAN
APPLICA TlON
PACKAGES
Business
Business
B.us in ess
Financial
Banking
Financia l
Accou nting
Text Edit
Printing
Engineering
Scien t ific
Simulation
Ed ucation
Financia l
Accounting
Text Edit
Engineerin g
Scien tifi c
Simu lation
Program Debug.
Accoun t ing
Text Edit
Medical
Engineering
Scientific
Simu lation
Agricu lture
MULTI·USER
ON·LINE
DATA BASES
-
Fin a nci a l
Building / Constr.
-
OTHER
COMMENTS
' I M byte (LCS)
' Or $390 Min
@ $ 13.00/ hr
56
A LGOL
BASIC
C080L
CO GO
FORTR A N-IV
LI SP
SIMSCR IPT
SNOBOL
ALGOL
BAS IC
FORTRAN-IV
A LGO L
BASIC
COBOL-ANS I
COGO
FORTRAN- IV
GPSS
SIMSCR IPT
SNOBOL
COBOL
FORTRAN-IV
SNOBOL
PL/ l
Business
Financial
Accounting
Text Edit
Enginee ring
Scien t ific
Edu ca tion
Busin ess
Fin a ncial
Financia l
Accoun ting
Tex t Edit
Medica l
Scientific
Simulation
Program De bug .
-
-
Accounting
Tex t Ed it
Printing
Enginee ring
Scientific
Simu lat ion
Program Debug.
-
MODERN DATA / January 1971
Interactive Sciences, Braintree, Moss . ... .....
Intermac, Rochester, N.Y. . .... . ........... .
International Time Sharing, Minneapolis, Minn.
ITT Data Services, Paramus, N.J ........ . ....
Keydata , Watertown, Moss . ..... . . . .... . ...
Leasco Response, Washington, D.C. . . . . . . . . . .
Mark / Ops, Boston, Moss. .... . .... .........
McDonnel Automation, St. Louis, Mo. .. . . . . . .
Mega Systems, N.Y., N.Y.. . .. . . ............
Multicomp, Wellesley, Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Multiple Access General Computer,
Don Mills, ant. ............... .. ... .. ..
On-Line Systems, Pittsburgh, Po . ............
National CSS, Stamford, Conn. ...... . . . ....
Phiico-Ford, Philadelphia, Po. . . . ... . ..... ..
Princeton Time-Shoring Services, Princeton , N.J.
Programs and Analysis, Burlington , Mass . .....
Proprietary Computer Systems, Van Nuys, Col. .
Rapidata, Fairfield, N.J ....................
Realtime Systems, N.Y., N.Y ........... .....
Scientific Time Shoring, Washington, D.C. .. . ..
Service Bureau, White Plains, N.Y. . . . . . . . . . ..
Technology for Information Management,
Albany, N.Y.. . ....... . ........... ... ..
Teicomp, Cambridge, Moss .. ..... . .........
Time Share, Hanover, N.H. ............... .
Time Sharing Resources, N.Y., N.Y. . .........
Tymshare, Polo Alto, Cal. ...... . . . ... ... ...
United Computing, Kansas City, Mo. .. . ......
University Computing, Dallas, Texas . . . . .... ..
Virtual Computer Services, Union, N.J . .......
TABLE 2 • REFERENCE LITERATURE
For additional information on Region I Time-Sharing
Services described in Table 7, circle the appropriate
number listed below on the Reader Service Card .
Reader Service
Card Number
Company
Allen-Babcock Computing, Los Angeles, Ca l. ..
Applied Computer Time Shore, Southfield , Mich.
Applied Logic, Princeton, N.J . . .............
Axicom Systems, Paramus, N.J . . . ......... . .
Bowne Time-Sharing, N.Y., N.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Burlington Management, Greensboro, N.C. . . ..
Community Computer, Philadelphia, Po . . . . . ..
Computer Complex, Houston, Texas ..........
Computer Dynamics, Boston , Mass. .. ....... .
Computer Sciences, EI Segundo, Cal. . .......
Computer Solutions, East Orange, N.J . .......
Comp/Utility, Boston, Mass. ........ . . . . . . ..
Com-Share, Ann Arbor, Mich. . ...... . ......
Consolidated Computer, Toronto, Canada . ... .
Control Data, Minneapolis, Minn . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Dialog Computing, Fairfield , Conn. . . .. .... ..
First Data, Waltham, Mass. . .............. .
G .E. Information Services, Bethesda, Md . .....
Honeywell Information Services,
Minneapolis, Minn . ........ . ............
Interactive Data, Waltham, Mass ..... ... ....
=
-- 0 --
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
o
o
220
221
222
2~3
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
\
o
111111
/111
irA 400K core storage, a 500 megabit memory unit with a .1 nanosecond access time and you ask me what the thing does?}}
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
57
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
DISK & DRUM DRIVES- PART I
IBM
2311 & 2314
Compatible Disk-Pack
Editor's Note: This Profile On IBM-compatible,
removable, disk-pack memories initiates a threepart series to update previous surveys on disk and
drum memories published in the December 1968,
and February and May 1969 issues of MODERN
DATA.
nilS first part will outline the features of disk
drives that are plug-to-plug compatible with the
IBM 2311 Disk Storage Drive and the IBM 2314
Direct Access Storage Facility. The second Profile
of the series will discuss large scale - over 50
megabits - disk and drum drives, and the third
will cover drives that have a storage capacity of
under 50 megabits.
INTRODUCTION
The hardware unbundling of peripherals from the
systems manufacturer has accelerated during the
last two years. The knowledgeable user-buyer,
once presented with alternate sources for new, additional, or replacement peripherals, has gone to
the independent peripherals manufacturer for
equipment compatible with his existing system,
but offering advantages in performance and/or
price. Even the Federal government, inertiabound to the policy of buying from the original
systems supplier, has been prodded into looking
elsewhere for its peripherals.
A specific example of this hardware unbundling
involves the IBM 2311 Disk Storage Drive and the
IBM 2314 Direct Access Storage Facility, removable disk-pack drives used with the System/360
and /370. A number of independent manufacturers now supply plug-to-plug compatible units
for these peripherals which offer better performance through improved technology; others offer
drives having the same performance characteristics at lower cost. The basic parameters of the
2311 and 2314, and of compatible units manufactured by independents, are outlined below.
58
Fig. 1. The Talcott 9311. a plug-Io-plug compatible 2311 diskpack drive. available from Talcott Computer Leasing and
manufactured by Singer-Friden.
THE 2311
The 2311 Disk Storage Drive is designed to operate with the System/360. The drive stores data on
one 1316 Disk Pack, utilizing the ten inside surfaces of the six disks contained in the removable
pack. Data is accessed via a comb-like mechanism
of ten vertically aligned heads - one head per
disk surface - and is transferred at the rate of
156K bytes per second.
Three models of the 2311 are provided by IBM:
the 2311 Modell, which is used on System/360
Models 25 and up; and the 2311 Models 11 and 12,
MODERN DATA/January 1971
Fig. 2. Century Data's CDS 214 drive and CDS-IOU A controller, plug -to-plug compatibles for the 2318 drive and 2314
controller.
used on the System/360 Model 20.
The 2311 Model 1 stores 7.25 megabytes on a
1316 pack, and has an average access time of 75
milliseconds, with a maximum of 135 milliseconds.
Up to eight 2311 Disk Storage Drives, with a total
capacity of 58 megabytes, may be controlled by
the companion 2841 Storage Control drive controller; the 2841 controller can also control other
IBM storage devices (data cells, dru;m s) in singleor multiple-type drive combinations bf up to eight.
The 2311 Models 11 and 12 are used with a
System/360 Model 20 that has a storage control
feature. The Model 11 stores 5.4 megabytes per
pack and has an average access time of 75 milliseconds. The Model 12 stores 2.7 megabytes per
drive and is accessed in 60 milliseconds. Up to
four storage drives can be attached to the 360/20.
THE 2314
The 2314 Direct Access Storage Facility is designed to operate with the System/360 Model 30
and up, and can operate with the new SysMODERN DATA/January 1971
Fig. 3. The DM-312 d rive of Amp ex. a p lug-to-plug compatible
for the 231 2 drive.
tem/370. Three models of the 2314 drives are
available: the 2312, a single-spindle ( pack) drive;
the 2318, a dual-spindle drive ; and the 2313, a
four-spindl e drive. Each 2316 Disk Pack can store
29.17 megabytes, using the twenty inside surfaces
of the eleven disk removable pack. Facilities may
be configured with from one to nine drives (the
ninth being a spare) with a maximum storage capacity of 233.4 megabytes. Average access time is
60 milliseconds, and data is transferred at a rate of
312K bytes per second.
59
o I'm drooling.
Get me CC-50 and CEX-50 data immediately.
o Take your time.
MO!/7!
I only need CC-50 and CEX-50 data for my archives.
Name_________________________________________
Position_______________________________________
Company______________________________________
Street_________________________________________
City_____________ State_____________ Zip_______
Lockheed Electronics Company
Data Products Division 6201 East Randolph Street. Los Angeles. California 90022
CIRCLE NO. 20 ON INQUIRY CARD
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: DISK DRIVES .. .......... .. .. .. Cont'd
TABLE 1
•
2311 PLUG-TO-PLUG COMPATIBLE DISK-PACK DRIVES
MODEL
CAPACITY
AVERAGE
ACCESS TIME
Lease
Purchase
BASF SYSTEMS
111
7.25 Mbytes
30 msec
-
-
opt ion
BRYANT COMPUTER PRODUCTS
11 00-1
7.25 Mby tes
75 msec
-
-
opt ion
1100-2
5 .4 Mbytes
75 msec
-
-
option
11 00-3
2.7 Mbytes
60 msec
-
-
option
CALIFORNIA COMPUTER PRODUCTS
CD- l
5.4 Mbytes
30 msec
-
-
standard
CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS
CD5-111
7.25 Mbytes
30 msec
-
-
standa rd
CONTROL DATA
23111
7.25 Mbytes
55 msec
-
-
-
HITACHI
H-85641
7.25 Mbytes
75 msec
-
-
-
IBM
2311-1
7.25 Mbytes
75 msec
$570
$24,700
option
23 11-11
5.4 Mbytes
75 msec
$570
$24,700
optio n
23 11 -12
2.7 Mbytes
60 msec
$350
$2 1,600
opt ion
IN FORMATION STORAGE SYSTEMS
701
7.25 Mbytes
30 mseo
$ 12,900
standa rd
MARSHALL DATA SYSTEMS
M2500
7.25 Mbytes
48 msec
$495
$ 12,000
sta nda rd
MEMOREX
630
7.25 Mbytes
50 msec
$475
$12,000
standard
620
5.4 Mbytes
50 msec
$415
$ 11 ,500
standa rd
PERIPHERALS GENERAL
7 11
7.25 Mbytes
75 msec
-
-
POTTER INS·TRUMENT
DD4311
7.25 Mbytes
55 msec
$450
$18, 100
standard
TALcon COMPUTER &
SfNGER-FRIDEN
9311
7.25 Mbytes
73 msec
$400
$ 12,000
opt.-$54/ mo
93 11 / 11
5.4 Mbytes
73 msec
$400
-
-
TELEX COMPUTER PRODUCTS
5311
7.25 Mbytes
30 msec
$525
$19,400
standard
TRACOR DATA SYSTEMS
71 1
7.25 Mbytes
75 msec
$395
$9,500
standard
COMPA NY
PLUG-TO-PLUG COMPATIBLES
Tables 1 and 2 outline the ma jor parameters of the
2311 and 2314, and their plug-to-plug compatible
equivalents. The compatible drives will operate
under the same software as the 2311 and 2314;
such software may also be supplied by the compatible drive manufacturer for present IBM systems users that do not have disk systems, or for
users that are incorporating such disk drives on an
OEM basis.
The advantage - besides savings - gained by
going to plug-to-plug compatible disk systems is in
a decrease in average access time. The IBM 2311
62
PRICE
-
-
SERVICING
has an average access time of 75 milliseconds;
some compatible manufacturers cite times of from
50 to 30 milliseconds. A similar decrease of from
60 milliseconds to 30 milliseconds can also be
gained by using some 2314 compatibles.
For additional information on plug-to-plug compatible
2311 and 2314 disk drives listed in Tables 1 and 2, consult Tables 3 and 4, and circle the appropriate number
on the Reade r Service Card.
MO DER N DATA/ J a nu ary 1971
ONLY CENTURY DAT~S DISK DRIVES ARE AVAILABLE
IN 53 DISTINCT MODELS
AND THEY ALL COME IN THE SAME HANDSOME PACKAGES
10.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
Century
Data
SYSTEMS
1630 South State College Blvd .
Ana heim . Cali forn ia 92806
(7l4) 639-4910
CIRCLE NO. 21 ON INQUIRY CARD
63
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: DISK DRIVES
TABLE 2
•
2314 PLUG-TO-PLUG COMPATIBLE DISK-PACK DRIVES & CONTROLLERS
COMPANY
AMPEX
MODEL
DM-3 14
BASF SYSTEMS
CALIFORNIA COMPUTER PRODUCTS
CAPACITY
AVERAGE
ACCESS TIME
29 Mbytes
32 msec
CONTROLLER
DC-3 14
DRIVE PRICE
Purchase
Lease
$430
$ 18,000
$ 17,800
11 4
29 Mbytes
40 msec
10 14
-
214
58 Mbytes
40 msec
10 14
-
CD-12
29 Mbytes
35 msec
CD-14
CD-22
58 Mbytes
35 msec
CD-14
CONTROLL£R PRICE
Lease Purchase
SERVICING
$ 1,250
$50,000
standard
-
$48,500
optio n
-
-
$48,500
option
-
-
-
-
standard
-
-
-
-
sta nd a rd
CDS-114
29 Mbytes
35 msec
CDS- l 014
-
-
-
-
stan dard
CDS-214
58 Mbytes
35 msec
CDS- l 0 14A
-
-
-
-
standard
CONTROL DATA
CDC-23121
29 Mbytes
35 msec
CDC-23 14 1
$430
HITACHI
H-8577 1-1
29 Mbytes
60 msec
H-8577S
-
-
-
-
-
CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS
$ 18,500
$865
$39,500
option
H-8577 1-2
58 Mbytes
60 msec
H-8577S
-
-
-
-
-
H-85771 -4
117 Mbytes
60 msec
H-8577S
-
-
-
-
-
HONEYWELL
DU 170 1
29 Mbytes
30 m;ec
DC 1714
IBM
23 12
29 Mbytes
60 msec
23 18
58 Mbytes
60 msec
$54,000
-
$1,480
$66,800
option
$4 1,600
$1,480
$66,800
option
$78,800
$1 ,480
$66,800
option
$50,000
sta ndard
-
$11 ,000
2314
$535
$24,100
2314
$920
-
2313
11 7 Mbytes
60 msec
2314
INFORMATION STORAGE, SYSTEMS
7 14
29 Mby tes
30 msec
728
MARSHALL DATA SYSTEMS
M2700
29 Mbytes
30 msec
M2800
$430
$ 18,000
$1,300
$52,000
standard
MEMOREX
660
29 Mby tes
50 msec
66 1
$430
$ 18,000
$ 1,3 15
$54,000
standard
PERIPHERALS GENERAL
733
29 Mbytes
60 msec
833
-
-
-
-
POTTER INSTRUMENT
DD 4314
29 Mbytes
55 msec
DC 53 14
$380
$20,000
-
-
TELEX COMPUTER PRODUCTS
53 14
29 Mbytes
30 msec
5328
$435
$ 17,400
TRACOR DATA SYSTEMS
733
29 Mbytes
60 msec
833
$430
$18,000
-
$17,400
-
$ 1,305
-
std-$50 / mo
$53,600
-
stand a rd
standard
TABLE 3 • REFERENCE LITERATURE
2311 PLUG-TO -PLUG COMPATIBLE DRIVES
TABLE 4 • REFERENCE LITERATURE
2314 PLUG-TO-PLUG COMPATIBLE DRIVES
For additional information on the 2311 plug-to-plug
compatible, removable disk-pack d1'ives listed in Table 1, circle on the Reader Service Card the approp'riate number list below.
For additional information on the 2314 plug-to-plug
comrnNble, removable disk-pack drives ana drive
controllers listed in Table 2, circle on the Reader
Service Cm·a the appropriate number listed below.
Reader Se rvice
Com p any
Card Number
BASF Systems, Bedford , Mass.
249
Brya nt Comput er Products, Wall ed la ke, Mich. .. . . .. .. .. 250
California Computer Products, Anah eim, Ca l. . .... ... .. 251
Century Data Sys tem s, Anah ei m, Cal. . . . . . ... .... .... .. 252
64
$ 1,745
Control Data, Minn e apol is, Minn . . . . ...... . . ...• ... . .. .
Hitac hi, New York, N .Y...•........ . . ........• • . . . . . . .
I nformation Storage Systems, Cup ertino, Cal. ......••....
Marshall Data Systems, San Marino, Cal. ..... . . ... . . • ...
Memorex, Santa Claro, Cal. . . ............. .... .. .•.. .
253
254
255
256
257
Periph e ral s G e neral, Chee ry Hill, N.J . . . . ... .. . .... . . . ..
Potter In "tru ment, Pla inview, N .Y. ...........• ......•.. .
Talcott Computer Leasing, New York, N.Y . . . •. ...... ....
Te lex Compute r Products, Tul sa , Okla . . . . ... . ... . ..•....
Tracor Data Systems, Austin, Texas . ........ . .. . •.. ....
258
259
260
261
262
Read e r Service
Company
Card Number
Ampex, Culver City, Col. . ... ....... • . . .. . .. ........• 263
BASF Systems, Bedford, Mass . ................... ..... . 264
Californ ia Computer Products, Anah ei m, Cal. . .. . .. . .. ... 265
Century Data Systems, Anah ei m, Cal. .. ... .. .. . . .. ..•. . 266
Control Data, Minn eapol is, Minn . . .. ..... . . . .. . . . ... ... 267
Hita ch i, New York, N.Y . . .. .. . .. ... .. • ..•...•.... . ... , 268
Hon eywell, Need ham, Mass. . ....... . .... . ... ..... . . . . 269
Information Storag e Systems, Cupertino, Cal. . .... . .... .. 270
Marshall Data Systems, San Marino, Cal ....... • .. . •....• 271
Memorex, Santa, Clara , Col. .. . ..... . . .... . ... . .. .. . .. 272
Perip heral s General , Cherry Hill, N.J . . ........ _ . ....... 273
Paller In strument, Pla invi ew, N.Y. . . . . . .. ........... . ... 274
Telex Computer Products, Tulsa, Okla . . . . . ... ...... ..•. • 275
TracorData Syst e m, Austin, Texas . ... .. •.. . . . ... .. ..... 276
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
"WHAT HATH BABBAGE WROUGHT?" Dept.
MIND-ZAPPING
NOW PRAY IT WORKS!
A new publica tion for the "with-it" generation
recently sent a letter to its charter subscribers
which included the following paragraphs:
Because (our ) subscription roll is main tained
by electronic computer, it is necessary to assign a
common expiration date to all subscriptions. This
enables us to distribute copies and mail renewal
notices to all subscribers at the same time. T herefore, we are writing to inform you that your . . .
Ch arter Subscription must be renewed now.
I rep eat, this is the one an d only time you will
receive this notice. If you do not act now, you
will forfeit your . . . Charter Subscriber status
forever.
PS - Please be sure to see the back of this
page fo r a list of mind-zap ping features coming
up in (future issues ) .
I believe all copies of the herein-men tioned missive have been removed from BB&N bulletin
boards, but the story goes that when the Advanced Resea rch Projects Agency wanted to implement a network of computer facilities, the decision was made to provide a number of
in terconnected sm all compu ters to interface with
th e various types of computers at existing facilities and to p rocess messages amongst them. The
Cambridge Mass. firm of Bolt, Beranek, & Newman was awarded the contract to provide this
interface. Shortly thereafter they received a telegram from one who was obviously pleased to see
his home state garn er F ederal funds for so worth y a cause :
"Congratu.lations. on receiving A RPA contract
for Interfaith Message Processor . .. (Senator )
Ted Kennedy"
Subm itted by: Robert R. Rozko
Seattle, Washington
Submitted by: Thomas R. Meir, The Mitre Corp.
Bedford, Mass.
AUTO-MATE-ION
It h ad to happen
Sooner or later.
Data processing
Is processing daters.
IMAGINE THE BILL HE'LL GET!
A region al government office was doing an analytical study of individuals under its jurisdiction.
The name of each person was punched on a card
and the cards were then sorted by sex. The outcome was five decks of cards.
The following message was included on a ship'ping document received by a customer :
PERM READ ERROR ON SELECTED TAPE.
START T O RETRY, START RESET AND
START BYPASS
Next appeared a part number and a description
of the parts that should have been received. Then
the following message :
INPUT TAPE E RROR - DUMP CORE AND
CALL PROGRAMMER
Needless to say, the customer was not only confused - but received the wrong parts!
Submitted by: H award Dubin, Valley Stream, N.Y.
Submitted by: Joel E. Hoffman, Bolton, Conn.
Submitted by: Daniel John Sobieski
Chicago, Ill'inois
I'LL BE T THEY H AVE WILD PARTIES !
MODERN DATA will pay $10.00 for any computer- or EDPrelated item worthy of publishing in our "WHAT HATH
BABBAGE WROUGHT DEPT." Humorous "information" for
consideration may include weird' memos or operating instructions, unusually incongruous documentation, and offbeat items of-a general natu~e (for review by our. off· beat
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
editors) . Send all submissions to:
WHBW DEPT.
MODERN DATA
3 Locklan1:l Ave., Framingham, Mass. 01701
Entries are the property of MODERN DATA.
65
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
OPTICAL READERS & OCR
PETER J. GRAY, Dir. Mkt. Div., • Scan o.ptics E. Hartford, Conn.
W
ith the introduction of eaoh new computer generation, faster and more powerful processors provide the EDP user with more computer capability for
his dollar; high-speed printers and other output devices
generate more information at a greater rate than ever
before. This stress on internal processing and output
speeds has aggravated the data input problem; increasing volumes of data have to be entered or reentered into EDP systems. Tight schedules, queuing
delays, the shortage of keypunch operators, high personnel turnover rates, inaccurate data transcription,
and the increasing costs of data entry have plagued
many -data-processing systems users. Current estimates state that 35% or more of a data system's costs
are spent on information input.
Among the alternative data-entry devices such as
keypunches, verifiers, key-to-tape, key-to-disk and
remote on-line terminals, optical scanners - particularly optical character recognition (OCR) systemspromise to be the hest means of direct source data
entry to modern data-processing systems. One of the
most important differences between OCR and the
other input methods is the amount of labor required.
The use of optical readers dramatically reduces the
clerical task of manually transcribing data into
punched cards, paper or magnetic tape, and obviates
the need to enter information thr0ugh a keyboard.
Optical readers provide the fastest means of data
conversion, with the least potential to introduce
errors, and at a lower cost than either the traditional
keypunches or the newer key-entry devices.
There are a number of reasons why optical readers
are being accepted by EDP users, and why these
readers may become the dominant data input method. The productivity of manual key entry methods is
limited by human skill levels - despite the introduction of improved keyboard devices; labor ·costs of
keyboard operators are rising, and ·such work is becoming less attractive. Improvements in capabilities,
reliability, speed and cost/performance are helping
to make OCR a more widely-accepted method of
data entry. The development of improved software,
character standardization, and the trend towards
fewer restrictions on forms-preparation requirements
has also contributed to OCR's increasing acceptance.
This Profile will describe the operation of optical
readers, evaluate OCR input vs. conventional keyinput devices, and outline the various applications of
OCR in business, industry and government. The tables present the more germane characteristics and
parameters of optical character, mark and code reaaers, and ·list the companies engaged in OCR activities.
66
Optical scanning is a generic term which includes
optical mark, code or bar, and character reading.
However, optical scanning is not an accurate term
because scanning is only one of the functions of an
optical reader. Scanning involves searching a form
for marks, bars or characters, and the conversion
of the reflected optical impulses to electrical signals. Recognition is the process of comparing
these signals with matching sets of stored signals
in order to determine their identity.
OPTICAL READERS
Optical mark and code readers correlate the position and location of marks, bars, or lines with predefined characters, while optical characters read·
ers .identify each character by comparing its
features or characteristics with those features .or
characteristics stared in memory. Optical character reading is similar to the reading methads we
humans use. When light is placed on a farm containing data, we search or scan the form, and the
.optical image .of the characters is reflected on the
retina .of the eye. These images are transformed
into nerve impulses, and transmitted thraugh various lagic levels to the visual cartex .of the brain.
The brain has been programmed through learning
ta identify and recognize a variety of characters,
and put them inta context.
SCANNING TECHNIQUES
Among the scanning techniques used in optical
readers are mechanical disk, flying spot, photacell
.or photoarray, Vidicon, and image dissector.
Mechanical disk scanners use a light source
which is reflected from the farm being scanned,
through a series of lenses, and onto a ratating disk
containing multiple apertures which slice each
character into segments. Light reflected through
these ratating apertures and a fixed aperture plate
permits a full character to ' be scanned far each
disk revolutian. The fixed aperture plate controls
the light and directs , it ta a phatomultiplier for
conversion into electrical signals. This method is
relatively slow (400-500 characters per second),
and subject ta mechanical problems.
MODERN DATA/January 1971 .
Flying spot scanners use a CRT-generated spot
of light which moves across a form to locate characters and trace their shapes. The intensity of the
reflected light is measured and converted by
photomultipliers and amplifiers. These scanners
are of medium speed (1000-2000 characters per
second ), and have the ability to do curve tracing
and line finding. However, flying spot scanners do
not have the resolution capabilities of some other
techniques, and they require strict control to prevent entry of ambient light.
In the photocell scanner, a light source is used
to reflect a character image onto a series of photocells that are used to sample a number of points
adding up to a character slice, or to sample a complete character at a time. The photocells generate
The image dissector method also involves
scanning the face of the tube. A high-intensity
light source illuminates the read area, reflecting
and converging information through a lens and
onto the face of the tube. Electrons are activated
and directed through an aperture in the tube,
where they are measured and multiplied by a
photo-electric detector. The image dissector tube
is a high-resolution, relatively -fast (2000 characters per second) method of scanning.
REC.OGNITION M ETHODS
The most commonly used recognition methods are
matrix matching, curve tracing, and stroke or feature analysis.
In matrix matching, the electronic signals representing the scanned character are stored in a series
of shift registers connected to register matrices.
Each matrix represents a single character, and is
connected to another register containing a voltage
representation of the referenced character. The
voltage representations in the two registers are
compared, and recognition is accomplished. This
technique permits the recognition of full
alphanumeIic fonts and facilitates font changes.
Curve tracing, in conjunction with flying spot
scanning, involves following tb,.e outlines of a character and recognizing features to identify the character. However, problems are encountered with
broken lines and other character imperfections.
The Au toma ta OMR 842 1, a n o ptical m a rk re ader w hich
can read pencil marks from fan -fold forms a t a ra te o f
400 marks per second .
signals which are quantized into shades of grey,
black, or white. This scanning technique is quite
expensive, but scanning speeds of 2400 to 3600
characters per second can be attained.
The Vidicon or TV camera approach involves
scanning characters projected onto the surface of
the tube, rather than scanning the form directly.
The quantized video signals indicate the degree of
blackness or whiteness that exists. This technique
is limited by the low number of characters that
can be stored on the tube surface.
MODERN DATA/January 1971
Peter J. G ray is Director of
Market Development at ScanOptics, Inc ., E. Hartford ,
Conn ., where he is responsible for market planning,
applications, software and
systems development and
implementation,
industry
marketing, and sales promo·
tion. He was previously employed in marketing and
engineering
positions
at
Xerox and IBM, and has a
MSc degree from Columbia .
He has published articles on
computer
applications
in
med icine and marketing.
67
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: OCR . ........ :Cont'd
Stroke or feature analysis uses selected sizes
and posit-ions of strokes to identify a character.
The form of the character is matched against a
truth table representing each reference character.
Some scanners incorporate an image enhancement
technique prior to recognition, which permits
poor-quality characters to be read and reduces the
number of rejects and substitutions.
FONTS
The user of optical readers has a wide choice of
fonts in either numeric or alphanumeric character
sets. Multi-font readers are available, with most
manufacturers offering a basic system and additional fonts as options.
In an attempt to standardize, the United States
of America Standards Institute, now known as the
American National Standard. Institute, adopted
OCR-A,! a stylized font which consists of
alphanumeric characters and a set of special symbols. Similarly, the European Computer Manufacturers Association has adopted another stylized
font, OCR-B.!
The use of standard fonts by optical readers
generally provides higher accuracy than non-stylized fonts because each character has been designed to differentiate it from another character.
The use of non-stylized fonts may result in increased reject and error rates. Although there are a
number of ways to prevent rejects from occuring,
substitutions of one character or symbol for another is a more serious problem, and occurs more
frequently with non-standard fonts.
The objection to such stylized fonts as OCR-A is
that they are not esthetic, but in reality, the characters are as easily read by the human eye as by
scanners. Most users require little or no adjustment to OCR-A, and this font is now used more
extensively than any other.
OTHER RE:ADERS AND FONTS
For applications where permanent records may be
required, optical readers are available that use a
microfilm camera to record and index forms while
they are being read. Readers are also available
that can read microfilm after forms have been imaged during a previous step.
Magnetic ink character readers (MICR) do not
read data optically, but pass the magnetized ink
characters on a form (such as a bank check) past
a read head which magnetically senses each charIMODERN DATA,
68
Page 56, November, 1970
acter. The font recognized by MICR systems is
known as E-13B, which is limited to ten numeric
characters and four special symbols. Some .optical
readers can scan and recognize these magnetic ink
characters, in addition to reading other fonts.
FORMS, TRANSPORTS, AND THRUPUT
A key factor to be considered in evaluating optical
readers is the paper-handling capability of the
transport. The paper transport moves forms from
an input feeder through a read .area to output
stackers. Most transports use -a Ifriction or vacuum
feeder with rollers and belts.
The speed and efficiency of the transport, together with the speed and capability of scanning
and recognition, determine the thruput rate of the
optical reader. The thruput rate of a particular
form will depend on the .size.A)f the form, the number, type and quality of the characters, and the
number of lines to be ,read. Rescanning characters
many times and manual character insertion after
display reduce the number of forms rejects, but
these methods slow down the thruput rate.
. Although most users initially install a scanner to
process one or two particular applications, they
will want to utilize their systems more effectively
by adding others types of forms to be read, such as
multi-line documents and pages. Multi-function
transports are available, and are capable of handling a wide variety of forms sizes, weights, thicknesses, and textures. Forms design specifications
and restrictions are becoming less and less severe;
some readers can process forms without reference
marks, with formatted or unformatted data, with
variable data locations, with no aspect ratio
(length to width) contraints.
PRICE AND COST RATIOS
Two popular methods of measuring the relative
capability of optical readers are the price to performance ratio, and the cost per character or cost
per thousand characters processed during a given
period of time. Potential users can best determine
thruput !Fates, price to performance ratios, and cost
per. character processed by testing their forms on
various scanners and comparing results.
TYPES OF READERS
OCR systems can be classified by type of input
form processed. There are document readers, page
re~ders, journal tape readers, and multi-purpose
readers capable of handling a variety of media.
A document reader scans one to five lines of
data in fixed locations on a document at a single
pass. Page readers are capable of scanning many
MODERN DATA/January 1971
The Input 80 page reader. an OCR reader produced by Recognition Equipment capable of reading machine-printed or
handprinte.d input at speeds of 3.600 characters per second.
lines of data during a single pass of the form. Journal tape readers can process rolls of paper tape
generated by adding machines and cash registers.
If the data processing user has a simple, numeric data collection application such as inventory
control, or a limited order entry requirement, he
might consider using an optical mark reader. Such
readers are cheaper than OCR systems, but they
restrict the user to a few well-defined applications.
Similar restrictions apply to OCR document readers and special-purpose journal tape readers.
For users having a variety of input applications
including pages, documents, and sometimes journal tapes, the logical choice should be a multipurpose OCR reader capable of processing a wide
range of forms sizes.
A multi-purpose OCR reader should be capable
of reading alphanumeric characters from turnaround documents, such as invoices, that are usually computer generated and returned to the issuer
for computer re-entry via OCR. In addition, such a
device should be able to read and process handprinted information, and handle typed or printed
page-sized forms without major modifications to
the equipment. Handprinted characters on forms
permit direct data entry from the source generating the information. Applications such as sales
orders and inventory reports ideally lend themselves to the recognition of handprinted characters ; no typing or retranscription is required, with
a consequent improvement in the speed and
accuracy of data entry.
keying, including equipment, labor, cards or materials, overhead, benefits, and other factors· relative
to the performance of the equipment, in terms of
accurate quantities of data produced. An average
keypunch operator can generate 120 to 130 keystrokes a minute, but the effective thruput rate is
reduced to between 60 and 70 characters a minute
because verification is generally required. In contrast, an average typist can produce data at a rate
of 150 to 160 characters a minute. Even if we
assumed the total costs of keypunching and typing
were equivalent at $5 an hour, the productivity to
cost ratio of typists is more than twice that of keypunch operators. For example, the break even
point between keypunching and a $4000 a month
OCR system reading typed pages is about 15 keypunches and verifiers. When reading computergenerated turnaround documents, the break even
point is about 10 keypunches and verifiers.
These comparisons are not fully indicative of
the costs involved. Manual key-entry devices of all
kinds are labor intensive devices. The costs of hiring, training, turnover, salary increases, benefits,
overtime, and other factors must be accounted for.
Most optical readers require one operator·, or with
high-speed readers, only a part-time operator.
There are also a number of intangible savings involved by speeding up the data-processing billing
cycle, thereby improving the cash flow. Reduced
order processing time means faster revenues and
reduced inventories, and improved accuracy of
data entry means better operating decisions. Preediting and formatting of data also helps save
CPU time.
A major benefit of using high-speed data entry
devices such as optical readers is the improvement
in utilization of installed computer systems. Much
EDP time is lost in waiting to process key-gener-
ECONOMICS
Optical scanning is typically compared to keypunching and verifying or other keyboard dataentry methods. Tangible dollar savings can be established by calculating the costs of manual
MODeRN DATA/ January 1971
The 20/ 20 OCR System of Scan Optics, a page/ document
reader capable of reading a wide variety of fonts and handprint. and··30 lines .of 60 characters at 50 pages per minute.
CONTINUED ON PAGE 73
69
ISRAEL SHEINBERG, Executive Vice Pres . • Recognition Equipment Inc., Dallas, Texas
OCR MARKET FOR THE SEVENTIES
BACKGROUND
Optical character recognition is often referred to
as the most promising means of easing the data
entry bottleneck. In fact, this prediction has
been made so frequently that it has become
somewhat of a paradox. It's a paradox now, at
the beginning of the 1970.'s, because there are
still only about 1000 OCR installations in the
United States, which account for a small two
percent of the total data entry volume for all
computer systems.
About 80.,0.00 computers are currently installed, with this figure expected to increase substantially throughout the decade, and the market for data entry devices will be greater than
ever. OCR manufacturers will capitalize on this
opportunity. There are more companies manufacturing and .marketing OCR equipment than
ever before; about 18 new ones have been
formed within the last two years. During this
same -period, there have been more new OCR
products announced than in all the previous
.
years combined.
COST COMPARISONS
One of the most controversial (and least understood) aspects of OCR is its cost. Although initial expenditures for OCR can be substantial,
resulting savings can be even more impressive.
Even with large-scale million-dollar OCR systems now installed, users are economically justifying OCR-sometimes saving a quarter of a
million dollars annually in direct comparison to
costs for other means of data entry. This -does
not even consider savings in other areas, such us
the cost of finding and correcting mistakes.
When compared to costs for preparing data
through conventional means, the initial investment in optical character recognition immediately becomes a bargain. Keypunching and
verifying costs data processors an estimated $3.5
billion annually, of which $3 billion is for personnel costs alone.
It isn't unusual for the cost of input preparation to exceed the cost of the computers themselves. Twelve experienced keypunch operators
on eight-hour shifts could produce about 50.0.
hours of work in a week, or 168,000 cards70
assuming 40. characters per card and no verification. The cost for this productivity, including
salaries, equipment, and materials, would
approach $4,0.00 weekly. One new OCR pagereading system can perform equivalent information preparation in about one hour, and its basic
cost for one week's work is only $3,0.0.0..
Other illustrations of cost relationships between the various methods of input are numerous. The cost per character example is just one.
Keypunching costs about 6 cents to 10 cents per
100 characters, depending on the percent of verification, and about eight cents for key-to-tape
devices. Large-scale OCR equipment, such as
REI's Input 80. page reader reduces this cost to
little more than one cent for 1000 characters. As
more technological advances are made, and
competition increases, the cost advantages of
OCR will be even more evident.
The cost of correcting mistakes that enter the
computer-anywhere from 10. cents to $10. eachmus~ also be considered. Generally, keyboard-totape units provide no greater capability in error
checking, and the accuracy of data input is not
greatly improved over keypunch input. Therefore, the user's cost of erroneous data entered
into the computer system remains high. Another
factor is the handling of rejects. Reading reliability depends on the accuracy of the reading
machine and on its' ability to reject unreadable
data, rather than to make random substitutions.
Computer. users in the 1970.'s will give more
consideration to OCR as an integral part of the
data processing system and not just as an addition to a system or as a direct substitute for a
keypunching or a key-to-tape installation. Many
computer users will have such voluminous
amounts of paper with data to be entered into a
computer, that they will not even consider using
keypunching or other methods involving an intermediate transcription of data. The cost of this
intermediate step will be prohibitive, and direct
reading of source documents w.ill be the only
practical answer.
MARKET POTENTIAL
According -to some predictions, the OCR market
could reach nearly $2 billion by the late 1970's.
Others place the figure lower, but OCR t~-;'''''vth
MODERN DATi "',\)-0;
.~.
will bc a result of both the general EDP growth
and the replacement of keypunch equipment.
With OCR, the machine adapts to the human
environment, rather than the human adapting to
the machine by changing humanly recognizable
data into some sort of machin e code-such as the
holes in a punch card.
A good share of OCR's growth will be in areas
where a different means of data conversion such
as keyboard entry or keypunching is now used.
Th e remainder of its growth will be in cases
where the volume of data is just too large to
convert any other way. One great potential is
the initial conversion of, or general updating of
large data RIes.
distribution , inventory control, payroll, sales
analysis, and accounting. These terminals, if
th ey are to be practical and economical, should
be designed so they can be operated by the cler~
ical or route employees, or whoever is responsible for entering the source data. This type of
system offers large economies to users, because
in most locations that process small amounts of
information , someone is nearly always required
to ma.nually enter data that's already printed in
some form. A viable OCR terminal should. elimi::'_
nate ,.the expense of this extra transcription as
well as the additional chan ce for human error:
APPLI CATIONS
Since nearly half of all the data .to be processed
by computers originates as handprinted numbers, ·most OCR systems, if they are to be b-l]'ly
useful in real environments, should have handprinting readi.ng capabilities. This is necessaTY ·to .
serve applica.tions such as readin g report inf0rmahan from utility meter reading and in distribution situahons where rO\;ltemen enter order
and inventory info rmation by hand.
Several recent test programs ·undertaken by
OCR manufacturers have shown that the use of
handprinted information is practical and that
people can adapt to it with little difficulty. A
large telephone company underwent a six-month
test program where 80 long distance operators
completed forms with handprinted information
while .operating the switchboard, speaking with
customers, using a. tim e s tamp~ k-eying the call,
and monitoring two or three ofher calls at the
same time. The test proved conclusively that
people can successfully print numeric characters
under less than ideal" conditions for long periods
of time and have them read successfully by an
OCR system. By the program's conclusion, the
document reading rate was 92 percent on the
first pass with a substitution rate (reading a
character incorrectly without rejecting the document, so the operator is unaware the substitution
has been made) of 0.2 percent. The reading rate
was on target for th e test goals, and the substitution rate was 0.3 percent less th an required.
The use of handprinted information in OCR
applications will take hold within th e next few
years and will reduce the tools necessary for
data input to a common lead pencil.
Direct reading of source information is OCR's
ultimate function, and this is where users benefit
most. This is now being accomplished in largescale batch processing applications including
processing oil company credit card tickets,
postal transactions, reading information from
airline tickets, and many other applications
where the original. information never ·has to b e
retyp ed or retranscribed for computer use, but is
merely forwarded to a centralized d ata processing location in its original form.
In applications , where the information is retyped. before reading, such as in bank file updates, the typing merely acts as a substitute for
another more traditional type of transcription.
While this does have economies and advantages,
such as the fact that the material-is still humanly
readable during every processing step and that
typewriters as a means of conversion are cheaper
and easier to use than keypunch or key-to-tape
equipment, it is not the optimum use of OCR.
One of the uses of OCR that is almost certain
to become widespread during the 1970's is the
use of low-cost readers by small-to-medium-size
companies or in decentralized locations where
the volume of data is relatively small, but important, and must be transmitted on- or off-line to
cenb-al or regional computers.
The newest of these small OCR terminals is
design ed to operate in ordinary working environments such as offices, factories , and warehouses and for a wide variety of applications in cludin g
order
writing,
production
and
MODERN DATAl January 1971
HANDPRINTING APPUCATIONS
71
MACHINE PRINT
OCR's ability to read , many different kinds of
typewriter and line printer fonts is what makes it
workable in a live customer environment and
eliminates the need for retranscribing data and
for industry standa'rdization.
Government agencies, on all levels from federal to state, are finding they can process the
huge quantity of forms and documents needed
for data input quickly, accurately, and economically without an intermediate step. Agencies
dealing in health, welfare, payroll, motor vehicle
and license registration, tax, and many other
areas are using OCR now, and many more will
turn to OCR in the next decade. A key to OCR's
success in these areas is multifont capability, the
ability to read many different type styles on an
intermixed basis.
SUMMARY
During the 1970's the ratio of OCR systems in
use compared to total computer systems will be
increased. Published predictions show that by
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1975, 20 percent of the estimated 150,000 to
170,000 computers installed will use OCR. This
is an estimated annual growth rate of 70 percent-a rate that industry will be hard-pressed to
absorb.
Use of key-to-tape input devices will continue
to grow as users look f0r methods to eliminate
keypunching. But since key-to-tape is a direct
substitution for the keypunching step, users will
eventually require a method that allows direct
input of source documents. By this time most
users will have become sophisticated enough. in
data processing techniques and economics to
look to OCR first.
As users become more familiar with and interested in OCR, service bureaus offering OCR will
grow. Customers who are contemplating their
own system will be prime service bureau customers, as well as smaller companies and organizations with seasonal peaks, such as mail order
firms that have large holiday volumes . .
. International markets will experience similar
growth in OCR utilization. Europe, in an effort
to modernize their data processing, has been
willing to accept new technologies and to put
them to work in such areas as their postal and
bank giro systems , and large government
agencies. As more European organizations redesign. their data processing systems, they will incorporate OCR equipment as a basic part of
their systems.
Who will share in this highly touted OCR
market of the 1970's? Many of the newly formed
OCR companies have good technical expertise,
but some may not be fully aware of the problems of developing an OCR pJ:oduct that is
workable in a live customer em,ironment. The
companies who attaiN the biggest share of this
market will be the ones who ·b est respond to customers' needs. They will be the companies,
.whether large or small, newly formed or established, who -recognize the existing opportunities
. in the marketplace and meet them with equipment that will cost justify the users~ applications.
Future technologies will include new methods
for input microfilming and faster, even more 'versatile reading machines. However, the technological need in general is for machines that
maintain the performance and reliability of OCR
equipment, but with less complexity and at basically lower costs. Technology again, will be
worthwhile only if it beneHts the user and makes
OCR more available.to more users.
There will be many new application areas for
OCR, such as automated typesetting in the
printing industry. The industries that are now
leading the way in OCR, such as banks, governments, and the credit card industry, will find
OCR as commonly used as the 0ffice typewriter.
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72
'22 ON INQUIRY CARD
MODERN DATAl January 1971
TEC HNOLOGY PROFILE: OCR .......... Cont'd
ated data; this is typical of many install'hlons today, and computer utilization is likely to become
even less efficient as users upgrade to larger, more
powerful systems. Priority should be given to improving input methods which will, in turn, improve the utilization of main frame systems.
OFF-LI NE V S O N -LIN E
In evaluating optical scanners, the subject of offline versus on-line readers must be considered.
The on-line CPU costs of a system should be
added to the price of the scanner, because some
portion of computer time is dedicated to the operation of the reader, rather than to performing
other processing tasks.
Less flexibility in scheduling input jobs, and dependency on the main computer are also restricting features of on-line systems. Remote terminal
readers should be priced with the costs of communications lines, .modems, and other devices included.
of education, scanning is used extensively for student tests and records. State and federal governments use scanners for tax statemen ts, payment
reports, allotment forms , and many other applications.
DATA ENTRY A SPECTS
Data collection, preparation, and recording for optical scanning may be accomplished in a variety of
ways. For example, computer-generated turnaround documents such as bills are prepared by
line or drum printers. The return stubs of these
documents are read back into the OCR system,
SOFTWARE
An important consideration in evaluating and justifying. optical readers is the software, systems,
and training support provided with the readers.
Some vendors offer complete support within the
price of the system, while others are partially or
fully unbundled.
APPLICATIONS
A wide range of applications are being processed
by the 1500 scanners installed today. Such business applications as billing, order entry, file maintenance, and inventory control are common to all
types of organizations.
Scanners are reading specific forms pertaining to
individual companies and industries. Publishers
are using OCR equipment to read subscription notices and lists, premium forms, and coupons. Manufacturers are reading job tickets and time cards,
work orders, production and test reports, and payroll lists. Utilities use scanners to process meter
cards, repair reports, and change notices. The retail industry uses readers for price tickets, coupons, route sheet's, sales slips, and price changes.
Banks process mortgage and loan records, payment forms, stock transfers, trust accounts, dividend checks, and other applications. Insurance
companies read premium notices, claims forms,
medical records, and accident reports. In the area
MODERN DATA/Ja nuary 1971
NCR's 420-2 optical journal tape reader. capable of reading
52 lines per second from the paper tape outputs of adding
machines. cash registers. and accounting equipment.
which, in turn, initiates a file update and new billing cycle. Credit card imprinterS' are used to generate OCR readable documents for oil companies,
retailers, restaurants, and other businesses. Cash
registers and adding machines create journal tapes
to be optically read by special OCR equipment or
multi-function OCR systems with journal tape features.
The office typewriter is commonly used to gen- crate lists or prepare forms for subsequent entry to
computers via an optical character reader. Forms
may also be generated by hand printing characters
or by marking. Sales order slips are filled out at the
data source with a date, quantity, description, and
prices. These sales orders can be read into the system directly without retranscription. There are a
number of other methods of recording data, such
as garment tag perforators and notching devices.
Another retail application involves pOint-of-sale
scanning devices that automatically read the price
or a code from each item purchased, and transmit
this information to a computer which calculates
taxes and total amounts, and maintains inventory
status records.
73
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: OCR .......... Cont'd
PARTICULA'R APPLICATIONS
The following case studies of users of optical scanners illustrates the power, versatility, and utility of
OCR systems.
• Foremost Foods is using OCR for routing accounting and
sales orders, am:! saving $350,000 a year.
• TV Guide eliminated 13 keypunch and verifier · stations,
including operators, when it used OCR for subscription fulfillment.
• McDonnell-Dougla'S reduced manufactur-ing turnaround
time, improved systems reliability, and reduced data errors,
labor, .and equipment costs. Twenty-seven keypunch operators were eliminated, and computer time was reduced,
despite an increase in data input workload .
• The State of Georgia expects to save $45,000 and months
of work by using OCR for direct computer entry of auto
registration applications.
• Imperial Oil saves $100,000 a year by processin.g invoices
faste'r and by. reducing forms costs.
• Detroit Ball Bearing Company reduced its order-inventory
cycle time from 62 hours to 45 minutes, using optical scanning rather than punched cards,
• United Air Lines saved nearly $25,000 a month in input
preparation costs associated with airline tickets and other
documents.
CONCLUSION
The selection of an OCR system will depend on
the nature and scope of the user's current and potential applications. Many low-cost scanners have
severe limitations in their ability to read data reliably, with few rejects and substitutions and at
high speeds, On the other hand, some high-priced
scanners offer more capabilities than the user requires, With a wide variety of systems to choose
from, the user should be able to pick the most
versatile equipment available, at a justifiable cost,
rather than settle for a machine that can process
only one or two immediate applications,
THE TABLES
Information on optical character, mark, and code
readers is presented in tables. Table 1 presents data
on Page and/or Document OCR readers; Table 2
outlines Optical Mark & Code Readers; and Table
3 gives the characteristics of Optical Journal Tape
Readers, Reference literature on these readers
may be obtained by consulting Table 4 and using
the Reader Service Card,
Table 5 combines a description of Retail OCR,
Magnetic Character Readers, and Microfilm OCR
with a listing of companies that produce such
readers. Reference literature may be obtained by
using the Reader Service Card.
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BERGL UND ASSOCIATES, INC.
1060 Kings Highway North / Cherry Hill, New Jersey 08034
Phone: (609) 667-4700
CIRCLE NO. 23 ON INQUIRY CARD
74
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
TABLE 1
•
OPTICAL CHARACTER READERS (Document I Poge)
COMPANY
ALLIED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
MODE L
Rea Doc
FONTS
RECOG NI ZED
(N)-Numerics O nly
(S)-Speci a l Symbo ls
(A)-Alp hanum erics
(UL)-Up per & Lo wer
Case Characters
OCR-A (N)
IBM 1428 (N)
BURROUGHS
COGNITRONICS
CONTROL DATA
B9 134-1
System/70
9 15
935
OCR-A & B (N)
E-13B (N)
OCR-A (A)
IBM 1403 (N)
Selfcheck (N)
NCR-NO F (N)
Handprinting (N)
OCR-A (A)
OCR-A (A)
IBM 407- 1 (N)
IBM 142B (N)
Selfcheck 12F (N)
Se lfcheck 7 B (N)
Ma rk
VOCAB ULARY
Basic
10 chara cte rs
-
44 characte rs
57 characters
-
Ma ximu m
10 characters
-
44 characters
57 craracters
-
2" to 3 '12"
2 '12" to 4 '12"
2" to 8'12"
4 " to 12"
2 1/4" to 8'12"
2 3/8"
6" to 9':_"
31/4" to Unltd.
2'12" to 14'"
3" to 5'12"
31
92
76
-
-
linesl l nch
1
2(I -MI CR)
6
Q
4
Lir>es/ Pass
1
2
-,
-
3
20
2,450
50
3 70
750
-
-
20
-
-
8@ 1 line
of 20 ch aracte rs
1,625 @ 1 line
of 9 2 characte rs
-
-
1,500
• Pa pe r Tape o r
Punc he d Ca rd (std) ,
• Mag netiC Tape (std ) 2
-
-
·
FORM SIZE
Wid th
Le ng t h
READ ING CAPACITY
Cha rocte rs / Line
SCANNIN G RATES
Mac hi ne-Print
(characters / sec)
Handprint
(cha racte rs / sec)
THRUPUT RATE
(fo rms/ min)
to B'12 "
O UTPUTS
CO NTROlLER
Type
• Magne t ic Tape
(opt-$7, 650)
• Pape r Tape
(opt-$5,200)
• Magnetic Tape (std)
Paper Tape (std)
DEC PDP 8/ L
1
DEC PDP B/ L
-
CDC 1700
Memory
4 to 8 K @ 12 b its
-
8K @ 12 b its
-
4 K@ 16 bits
Disk Drive
Std-32K
-
opt
-
-
• Ti me Sh are
• Se lf Check Digit
• Compare Batching
stand a rd
• Autoform
• Ge nera l Rea d
& Si mu late
Name & Addre ss
li st Proce sso r
• Document Rea d
& For mat
l ease
$450/ mo (less CPU) '
$1,400/ mo
-
$3,9 75 / mo
$5,500 / mo
Purchase
$18,000 (less CPU)'
$67,200·
$33 ,600
-
-
• Tw o Ou t p ut
Stacke rs
• Photocell
Scanning
• Ma tri x Matching
Recognit ion
• Dual Rea d of
MI CR/ OC R
Via 2 Read
Stat ions
• 4 to 32 Output
Stacke rs
' Mark I Mo del
' Ma rk " Mo d el
' $1 ,900 for CPU
' $75,000 for CPU
' An y Burroughs
Proce ssor
2
SOFTWARE
.
PRICE
OTH ER FEATURES
·
Roll Feed
Transport
• Rea d s J ournal
Tapes
• Three Output
Stacke rs
-
NO TES
MO DERN DATA/ Jan uary 1971
-
' Al so Fanfol d
' CDC B092, 8090,
1700 & 3000 Series
-
75
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: OCR . ... . ... ... .. . ...... .. . Cont'd
TABLE 1
•
OPTICAL . CHARACTER READERS (Document/Pa.ge) .
. ... .. . · Cont'd
COMPANY
CONTROt DATA (cont' d)
DATA RECOGNITION
MODEL
955
700
710
Autoreader
OCR-A (A, Ul)
OCR-B (A)
IBM 1403
IBM 1428
Selfch ec k 12F & 7 B
NCR-NOF (N,S)
E-13B (N)
Handprinting
Selfcheck 7B (N)
Selfcheck 7B (N)
Courier 12 (A)'
VOCABULARY
Ba sic
-
10 characters
10 ch a racters
Ma ximum
-
-
-
-
25 / 6 " to 3 112"
3% "
8 112"
4"
7 5/8"
to 48"
FONTS
RE COGNIZED
(N}-Num erics Only.
(S}-Special Symbo ls
(A}-Alp hanum erics
(UL}-Upper & Lower
Ca se Characters
FORM SIZE
Widt h
Length
READING CAPACITY
Characters/ Ii ne
ECRM
-
-
-
14
30
75
Lines/ Inch
6
2
2
-
Lines/ Pass
-
2
2
-
750
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
15 @ 30 lines
66 @ 1 line
of 14 characte rs
100 @ 1 line
of 30 characte rs
-
-
-
CONTROltER
Type
-
In-House Mfg.
In -House Mfg .
DEC PDP 8
Me mory
-
-
-
8K @ 12 bits
Disk Drive
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$5,500/ mo
$2,568/ mo
-
$1 ,970
-
$80,000
-
$89,000
• Tw o Output
Stackers
• Vidicon Tube
Sca nning
• Feature Extraction
Recog nition
' Punches Hollerith
Code in Source
Document
' IBM Se lectric
Typew rite r Font
SCANNING RATES
Machine-Print
(characters/ sec)
Ha ndprint
(characters/ sec)
THRUPUT RATE
(fo rms/ min)
OUTPUTS
•
• Magnet ic Tape (opt)
Pape r Tape (opt)
·
SOFTWARE
PRI C E
Lea se
Purcha se
• Typeset
• Editing
• Selective
Scanning
OTHER FEATURES
• Two Output
Stacke rs
• Reads Journal
Tapes
-
-
-
NOTES
76
MODERN DATA / J anua ry 1971
•
TABLE 1
OPTICAL CHARACTER READERS (Document/Page) ....
COMPANY
FARRINGTON
MODel
3010
3030
FONTS
RECOGNIZED
(N)·Numerics Only
(S)·Spe cial Symbol s
(A)·Alphanumerics
(UL)·Upper & Lower
Case Characters
OCR·A (A,S)
OCR·B (N ,S)
IBM 407 (N,S)
IBM 142B (N,S)
Selfcheck 7B, & 12F (A,S)
Basic
Maximum
. .... Cont'd
HONEYWELl.
IBM
3050
243
1282
OCR·A (A,S)
Selfcheck 12L (A,S)
OCR·A (A,S)
Selfcheck 12F/ 12L (A,S)
OCR·A (N,S)
IBM 1428 (N ,S)
Selfcheck 7B (N)
Mark
12 characters
62 cha racters
62 characters
14 characters
13 characters
74 characters
123 characters
62 characters
14 characters
-
2'/2" to 8'/2 "
4'/2 " to 8'/2"
4'/2" to 8'/2"
3" to 4"
Ta b Card
2 3,4" to 6 "
53 / 5 " to 14"
5 !Va" to 14"
3'/2" to 8"
Tab Card
60
75
75
70
32
'lines/ Inch
(,
6
S
1
-
lines/ Pass
5
74
61
1
1
330
400
400
700
32
-
-
-
-
-
440 @ 1 line
of 21 characte rs
3.4 @ 74 lines
of 75 characters
4 @ 61 lines
of 75 characters
600@ 1 line
of 70 characters
200@ 1 line
of 32 cha racte rs
• Magnetic Tape (std)
• Punched Card (opt)
• list Printer (std)
• Magnetic Tape (std) • Magnetic Tape (std)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• Punched Card (opt)
line Printe r (opt)
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• line Printer (opt)
1
HON 200 Series
-
4·524K @ 9 bits
-
opt- 3.6 to 2BOM
-
VOCABULARY
FORM SIZE
Width
length
READING CAPACITY
Cha racters/ line
SCANNING RATES
Machine·P rint
(cha racters / sec)
Handprint
(characters/ sec)
THRUPUT RATE
(f o r ms / min~
OUTPUTS,
CONTROLLER
Type
-
·
Varian 620/ i
-
-
Memo oy
-
4 to 32K @ 16 bits
Disk Drive
-
-
-
standard
-
-
-
$3 ,040/ mo
$4 ,270/ mo
$2,730
$1 ,475
$1 ,505/ mo
$124,000
$ 169,500
$120,000
$67,200
$69,840
• Three Outp ut
Stackers
• Mechanical Disk
• Two Output
Stackers
• Mechanical Disk
• Two Output
Stackers
• Mechanical Disk
• Three Output
Stackers
Photocell
Scanning
• Stroke Ana lysis
Recognition
SOFTWARE
PRICE
Lease
Purchase
OTHER FEATURES
Scanning
• Feature
Extraction
Recogn ition
·
Scanning
Feature
Extraction
Recognition
Scanning
• Feature
Extraction
Recognition
·
NOTE S
-
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
-
-
-
.
Image Dissector
Scanning
• Matr ix Matching
Recognition
' Punches Hollerith
Code in So urce
Document
77
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE : OCR . . ... .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . Cont'd.
TABLE 1
•
OPTICAL CHARACTER READERS (Document/Page)
... . . .. . Cont'd
'
COMPANY
IBM (co nt' d )
MODE L
1287
1288
8401
8692
Challenger
FO NTS
RECOG NIZ ED
(N}-N um erics On ly
(S}-Special Symbol s
(A}-Alphan ume rics
(UL}-Upper & Lower
Case Ch a racters
OCR-A (A, S)
IBM 407 (N)
IBM 1403 (N)
IBM 1428 (N, S)
Sel fch eck 7 B (N)
NCR-NOF (N, S)
E-13 B (N)
Hand printing (N, S)'
OCR-A (A, S)
Selfcheck 7 B (N)
Handpr intin g (N)
Gothic (N)
Mark
OCR-B (A, S)
Mark
OCR-A (A, S)
OCR-B (A, S)
E-13B (N)
CMC 7 (N)
Mark
OCR-A (A, S, UL)
Hand p rinting (N, S)
Basic
57 characters
57 cha racters
17 characters
16 cha racters
57 characters
Maxim um
-
-
43 characte rs
48 characters
97 characters
21f4 " to 6 "
3 " to 9 "
3 " to 8 1/2"
3" to 4"
11/4" to 12"
3" to 9 "
6 1/2" to 14"
4 3/4" to 13"
6 " to 8"
4 " to 14"
87
137
63
-
110
Li nes/ Inch
6
6
-
1
6
Lines/ Pass
24 ver!. / 52 horz.
49 vert.l82 horz.
4
1
80
2,000
1,000
550
2,400
3,000
333
333.
-
-
3,000
TH RUPUT RA TE
(fo rms / mi n)
665 @ 1 line
of 20 characters
400 @ 2 lines
of 10 characters
-
600
7 @ 40 lin es
of 110 characters
OUTPUTS
·
·
·
• IC L 1900
ICL System 4
-
• Magnetic Tape
(opt-$10,000)
IN FOTON
ICL
VOCABUL ARY
FO RM SI ZE
W idth
Le ngth
READI NG CAPACITY
Chara cters / Li lle
SCAN N ING RATES
Machine-Pri nt
(cha ra cterslsec)
Ha ndp rint
(ch aract erslsec)
CO NTROLL ER
Type
IBM 360/ 370
IBM 360 / 370
IBM 360 / 370
Interna l
Interna l
optional
Memo ry
-
-
-
-
-
Disk Dr ive
-
-
-
-
optional
• Programmed in BAL
• TOS/ DOS/ OS
• Programmed in BA L
• TOS/ DOS/ OS
-
-
-
$2,7 15 / mo
$4 ,755/ mo
-
-
$ l ,OOO/ mo
$122,220
$223,390
-
-
$35,000
OTHER FEATURES
• Rea ds Journ a I
Tapes
• Three Output
Stackers
• Flying Spot
Scan n ing
• Matr ix Matching
Recognition
• Two Output
Stacke rs
• Flying Spot
Scanning
• Matrix Matching
Re cogn ition
• Three Output
Stackers
• Photocel l
Scanning
• Three Output
Stackers
• Photoce ll
Sca n n ing
• Photocell
Scanning
NOTES
lAlso: Mark SensE>;
Gothi c (N)
-
-
-
-
SOFTWARE
PRICE
l ea se
Purcha se
78
IBM 360/ 370
MODER N DATA / J anuary 197 1
.
TABLE 1
•
. ..... . . Cont'd
OPTICAL CHARACrER READERS (Document/ Page)
COMPANY
OCR SYSTEMS
OPTICAL SCANNIN G
ORB ITAL SYSTEMS
RECOGN ITION EQUI PMENT
MOOR
1000
Op Scan 288
O rb it / 1
Input 2
Input 3
f ONTS
REC OGN IZE[)
(N)-N um erics Only
(S)-Specia l Symbols
(A)-Alphanumerics
(Ul )-U pper & l ower
Ca se Cha racten
OCR-A & B (A, S)
IBM 407 (N)
IBM 1428 (A, S)
Selfcheck 7 B (N)
Handprinting (A)
Mark
OCR-A (A)
Handprinting (N)
OCR-A (N, S)
IBM 1428 (N, S)
Se lfcheck 12F (N, S)
Mark
IBM 407 (A, S)
IBM 1403 (A, S)
IBM 1428 (A, S)
Selfcheck 7B (A)
E-13B (N, S)
Handprinting (A, S)
Goth ic (N)
OCR-A & B (A, S)
IBM 1403 (N, S)
IBM 1428 (N, S)
Handprinting (N, S)
Mark
14 characters
16 characters
14 characters
39 characte rs'
-
VOCABUlAR:f
Basic
1
-
-
16 characters
14 characters
119 characters
23/ 5" to 8 1/2"
2 1/2" to 4 1/2"
3" to 4"
3 1/4" to 8 1/2"
31/2" to 6'"
3 1/2 " to 12"
3112" to 8112"
4" to 7 112"
3 1/4" at 43/4"
4" to 9,,2
-
80
70
96
45 vert./77 harz'
lines/ Inch
6
1
1
-
3
Li ne s/ Pass
3
1
1
2
24 vert./ 13 harz.
1,250
1,000
108
2,400
75
250
520
-
840
40
544 @ 1 line
of 21 characters
900@ 1 line
of 80 characters
130@ 1 line
of 35 characters
600 @ 2 lines
of 96 characters
60 @ 1 line
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
•
•
•
•
• Magnetic Tape (std)
• Paper Tape (std)
IBM System 3
Interface
Ma ximum
FORM SIZE
Wi dt h
length
READIN G CAPACITY
Characters/ Line
SCANNIN G RATES
Machine-Print
(characters/ sec)
Handprint
(characters/ sec)
THRUPUT RATE
(forms / min)
OUTPUTS
CON TROl LER
Type
•
•
•
•
Magnetic Tape (std) • Magneti!: Tape (std)
Paper Tape (opt)
Punched Card (opt)
line Printer (opt)
Magnetic Tape (std)
Paper Tape (std)
line Printer (std)
Microfllmer (opt)
·
Varian 620/ i
-
-
PC III C
MICRO 800
Memory
4K @ 16 bits
-
-
8K @ 24 b its
4K@ 8 bits
Disk Drive
opt-30K-$6,800
-
-
-
-
• Operating
• Document Input
-
-
·
SOFTWARE
Input/ Output
Control
• Recognition
• Monito r
• Utility & Debug
• Utility
·
Input/ Output
Co nt rol
• Edi t
• Ut ility
• Diag nostic
PRICE
Lease.
$1,600/ mo
$1,505/ mo
-
$14,005/ mo
$950/ mo
Purch a se
$56,000
$71,050
$2 1,800
$547,600
$33,000
• Three Output
Stackers
• Photodiode
Scanning
• Three Out put
Stackers
• Photocell &
Image Dissector
• Two Output
Stackers
• Mechanical
Disk Scanning
• 3 to 12 Output
Stackers
• Photocell
Scanning
• Feature
Extraction
• Matr ix
• Two Output
Stackers
• Mechanical
Disk Scanning
• Feature Analysis
Recognition
OTHER fEATURES
•
Feature
Extraction
Recognition
NOTES
-
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
Scanning
• Matrix
Matching
Recognition
-
Recognition
-
Matching
Recog nition
' Plus Ha nd pr int
l or 21/4 " to 6"
20 r 33/4" to 9"
385 cha r. @ 1 li ne
per pass (document)
79
TECHNOLOGY PROFILE: OCR . ... .. ... . .. .. . . ... . ... Cont'd
•
TABLE 1
j
OPTICAL CHARACTER ·READERS (Document/Page) . ... . ... . Cont'd
' RECOG ~Hl ON
COMPANY
EQU I~ ME N T
(CON T' D)
SCAN DATA
SCAN OPTICS
UN IVAC
Electronic Retina
250 & 350
20/ 20
2703
OCR-A&B (A, S, UL)'
IBM 407 (A, S)
IBM 1403 (A, S)
IBM 1428 (A, S)
Se lfcheck 7B (N, S)
E-13B (N, S)
Handpr inting (A, S)
Gothic (N)
OCR-A&B (A,
IBM 1403 (A,
Pica 72 (A, S,
Handpr inting
Mark
OCR-A (A , S)
IBM 407 (N, S)
IBM] 403 (A, S)
IBM 1428 (N, S)
Selfcheck 12F & 7 B
(N, S)
NCR-NOF (N, S)
E- 13B (N, S)
Handprinting (N, S)
OCR-A (N, S)
Uni vac H-14 (N, S)
Mark
400 characters'
74
14
360 characters
400 characters'
2 10
14
MODEl
Input 80
FON TS
RECOGNI ZED
J (N)-Nu merics O nly
(S)-Special Symbol s
(A)-Al p ha nu merics
(Ul)-Up per & tower
Case Cha racters
Multifont (A, S, UL)'
Handprint ing (N, S)
Mark
40 characters
60 characters
360 characters
VOCABU'lARY'Basic
Maximum
FORM SIZE
W idth
S, UL)'
S)
UL)
(N, S)
5 3/4" to 9"
3 1/4" to 14"
5" to 11"
4 1/2" to 9"
2 3,4" to 41/4"
4" to 14"
4 7/8" to 14"
3" to 14"
3" to 14"
3" to 8 3,4 "
102
144
80
80
80
tin es/ Inch
6
6
6
6
-
Li nes/ Pass
81
2 or 81
84
76
1
3,600
2,400
800
2,000
1,500
1,200
840
700
1,000
1,050 (mark)
THRUPU T RATE
(far ms / min)
36 @ 30 lin es
of 96 cha rac ters
24 @ 5 lines
of 96 cha racters
6 @ 60 lines
of 80 characters
500 @ 3 lines
of 30 characters
600 @ 1 line
of 32 characte rs
OU TP UTS
• Magnetic Tape (std)
• line Printe r (std)
•
•
•
•
• Magnetic Tape (std) • Magnet ic Tape (std)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• Paper Tape (std)
line Printe r (opt)
line Printer (op t)
·
·
•
•
•
•
CONTROLLER
Type
Datacraft 6024
PC I; PC III C
DEC PDP 8 / i
HP 2114
Univac 9000 Series
Memo ry
16K @ 24 bits
8 to 32K @ 24 bits
8K@ 12 bits
4 to 16K @ 16 bits
8K @ '8 bits
Disk Drive
-
-
Option
Option
-
·
• Textsca n
• SCANData Capture
& Manipulation
Package
• Utility
• Document to
Le ngt h
READI NG CAPACI TY"
characters/ Li ne
SCANN ING RATES
Ma chi ...e-Prin t
(chara cten/sec)
Hand print
(chara cters/ sec)
SOFTWAR E
• Systems I/ O
Superv isor
• Ut ility
Magnetic Tape (std)
Paper Tape (std)
line Printer (opt)
Microfllmer (opt)
Input /Out pu t
Contro l
• Reading Control
• Utili ty
• Formscan
• Form at
• SWAMISe lf-Teaching
Package
Uni vac 9000 Ser ies
Magnetic Tape (op t)
Disk Fil e (o pt)
Punched Card (opt)
Card / Tape/ Disk
• Punched Card
Read
PRICE
Le a se
$ 11,895/ mo
$13,930/ mo
$4,500/ mo
$3,100/ mo
$1 ,050
Pu rchase
$446,000
$500,000
$215,000
$120,000
$42,000
• Three Output
Stackers
• Flying Spot
Scanning
Feat ure
Extraction
Recognition
• Two Output
St acke r StdOthers Opt
Image Disector
Sca nning
·
• Three Output
Stackers
• Photocell
Scanning
' HardwareSoftware
Un lim ited
-
OTHER FEATURES
NOTES
80
• Three Output
Stackers
• Photoce ll
Scanning
• Matrix
Matching
Recognition
' OCR-A & B,
IBM, Gothic,
etc.
·
·
Up to 12
Output
Stackers
Ink-J et
Docume nt
Pr inte r
' A lso Reads
Othe r Printe r
& Typew rite r
Fo nts
·
• M at rix
Matching
Recogn ition
• Fea t ure
Extraction
Recognition
-
MOD ERN DATA/ January 197 1
TABLE 2
•
OPTICAL MARK & CODE READERS
THRUPUT RATE
(forms/min)
O UTPU TS
'PRi Ce
O THER FEATURES & COMMENTS
Tab Card
40 @ 2 li nes
of 40 marks
·
Paper Ta pe or
Punched Card (std)
$610/ mo
$17,990
• Two Output Stackers
• Photocell Scanning
9650 Series
(AM Bar Code)
Tab Card
240@ 1 line
of 60 marks
Magnetic Tape (s td)
• line Printer
$905/ mo
$32,035
• Two Output Stackers
• Photocell Scanning
3600
(Mark)
2" to 6 " (w)
3" 10 8" (I)
300
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
Paper Tape (opt)
$1,000
(OEM)
• Oan Process Intermixed
8421
(Mark)
3 1/4" (w)
Fan Fold (I)
60
• Magnetic Tape (opl)
Paper Tape (opt)
$1,500
(OEM)
-
CAMBRIDG E
IN FORMATION
SYSTEMS
CIS-l03
(Bar Code)
1" to 4" (w)
-
20@
10 char/ form
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• line Printer (opt)
$115/ mo
$3,495
• Medical Folder
Reader
CUMM INS>
CHI CAGO
Scanak 216
(Code, Mark &
Perforations)
41/4" to 8 3/.1" (w)
2 1/4 " to 4" (I)
-
• Magnetic Tape (std)
• Paper Tape (std)
• listing Printer (sid)
$1,OOO/ mo
$42,000
·
DATATYPE
DFR-loo0
(DFI & 2 Cod e)
3" to 81/2" (w)
4" to 14" (I)
1 @ 30 lines
of 60 marks
• Magnetic Tape (o pt)
• Paper Tape (opt)
$270/ mo
$9,450
DIG ITAL
RE SOURCES
Dataterm-3
(Mark)
6 " to 12" (w)
8 " to 18" (I)
-
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• Data Set (opt)
-
-
HEWLETT
PACKARD
2761
(Mark)
Tab Card
80
• Computer Interface
• Data Set
$2,750
• Photocell Scanning
ICL
8301
(Mark)
3 " to 81/2" (w)
4 3/4" to 13" (I)
150
• I nte rface to
-
• Three Output Stackers
IDE NTI CO N
Identiscan
100 (Code)
Label
-
$6,000
• Can Read at Distances
of Several Feet
• Warehouse Parcel Marking
& Security Badge Applications
MOHAWK DATA
6000 (Mark)
Tab Card
225
-
-
COMPAN Y
MODEL
FORM SIZE
AD DRE SSOGRAPH
MULTIGR APH
9630 Series
(AM Bar Code
& Mark)
·
(o pt-$620/ mo)
AUTOMATA
MOTOROLA
MDR-l0oo
INSTRUM ENTATION (Ma rk)
'NCS DATA
SYSTEMS
·
·
Slack of Variab le Length Forms
13 Output Stackers
• Two Output Stackers
Photocell Scanning
·
lel 1900
-
3 1/4" to 81/2" (w)
4 ",8" & up (I)
24
• Magnetic Tape (opl)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• Data Se t (opt)
$142/ mo
$3,705
• Photocell Scanning
MDR-20oo &
8000 (Mark)
3 1/4 " to 81/2 " (w)
4 ",8" & up (I)
100 Tab Cards
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
• Paper Tape (opt)
• Data Set (opt)
$149/ mo
$3,904
• Photoce ll Scanning
MDR-9OO0
(Ma rk)
3 1/4" to 81/2" (w)
4",8" & up (I)
12 Tab Cards
• Magnetic Tape (opt)
• Pape r Tape (opt)
• Data Set (opt)
$144/ mo
$3,755
• Photocell Scanning
,Sentr y/ 70
(Ma rk)
7" to 11 " (w)
10" to 17" (I)
100 @ 100 li ne s • Magnetic Ta pe (std)
of 60 ma rks
• Lin e Printer
(opt-$ 850)
$2,300/ mo
$70,000
• Uses 8K @ 12 bits
Processo r
• Softwa re
• Photoce ll Sca nning
Op Scan 50
(Bar Code)
1" to 3%" (w)
1 1/2" to 7 3/8" (I)
675 @ 5 lines
• Mag netic Tape (sid)
$859/ mo
$39,500
• Two Output Stac kers
• Photoce ll Sca n ning
O p Sca n 70 &
100 (Ma rk)
81/2" (w)
11 "(1)
40 @ 62 lines
o f 48 ma rks
• Mag ne t ic Tape (std)
• Punched Ca rd
(std -Op Sca n 100)
$673'/mo
$ 34,750
• Two Ou tput Stackers
• Photoce ll Sca nn ing
500
(Mark)
Tab Card
500
·
Inte rfa ce to
IBM 360 & HON 200
• Dat a Set
-
-
1502
(Mark)
Tab Ca rd
1,500
·
• Mag netic Tape (opt)
Interface to
IBM 360 & HO N 200
$2,200/ mo • Softwa re
• Four Output Stackers
$76,000
• Photoce ll Sca nni ng
OC R 101
(N RMA Code)
Tickets
1,500
• Mag netic Tape
Ca rt ridg e
$45/ mo
$1 ,500
-
MR-300
UN ITED BUSI NESS
CO MMUNICATIO NS (Mark)
Tab Ca rd
300
-
-
-
UNIV ERSAL
BUSINESS
MACHINES
3" to 6 " (w)
5" to 11 1/2" (I)
300
-
$ 15,000
·
O PTICA L
SCANNING
REP UBLIC
ELECTRONI C
SYSTEMS
RI CCA DATA
SYSTEMS
Scantronic
(Ba r Code)
MO DERN DATAl J a,nua ry 1971
10 10 100 O u tp ut
Stackers
• Photoce ll Scanning
81
TABLE 3
I
• OPTICAL JOURNAL
TAPE READERS
COMPANY
FARRINGTON
NCR
MODEl
4040
42(}-2
FONTS
RECOGN IZED
{N ).Numerics Only
(5).Special Symbols
NCR· NOF (N, S) ,
OC R·A&B (N, S)
IBM 142B (N, S)
Selfcheck 7B & 12F (N, S)
NCR·NOF (N, S)
VOCABULARY
Bosic
17 characters
16 characters
Maximum
153 characters
16 characters
FORM SIZ E
Width
I :y, . " 10 4'}\."
l ~ G " 10 3%"
SCANN I NG RATES
Machine-Print
(charaders/ sec)
2,000
1,664
OUTPUTS
• Magnetic Tape (std)
• Magnetic Tape
(opl-$426/ mo)
• Paper Tape
(opt·$240! mo)
CONTROL LER
Type
Varian 620/ i
Memory
8 K@ 16b;1S
SOFTWAR E
-
Sta ndard
-
lease
$3,480/ mo
$1 ,700/ mo
Purchase
$141,500
$68,000
Fl ying Spot Scanning
• Matrix Matching &
Feature Extraction
Recognit ion
TABLE· 4 · •
• Mechanical Disk
Scanning
• Matrix Matching
Recognition
REFERENCE LITERATURE
OCR Document, Page & Tape Readers
and Optical Mark & Code Readers
For ad'clitional information on the OPTICAL
CHARACTER READERS, the OPTICAL MARK &
CODE READERS, and the OPTICAL JOURNAL
TAPE READERS listed in Tables 1, 2 & 3, circle the
appropriate number on the Reader Semice Card.
Reader Service
Company
Card Number
IAddressograph-Multigraph, Cleveland, Ohio , ... ,", . . ,. 277
Allied Compu.ter Systems, Madiso'n, Conn, "'" _ , , , , , , " 278
Automata, Richland, Wash. . ...... .. "., . . ,"" , .. . ,' 279
Burroughs, Detrait, Mich , . .... .. .. " .. . .... ,." ., ', .. 280
Cambridge Information Systems, Cambridge, Mass, ... ". 281
. Cognitronics, New York, N.Y, . ... " ., . . " .. , " ", .. , ' 282
Control Data, Minneapolis, Minn , , .,""" " " " , .. . ,' 283
Cummi.n~-Chicago, Chicago, III, "" " _ .. . , . , , _ • , .... . . 284
Data Recognition, Palo Alto, Cal. . .. , •.. _ , , . , , . , , .. , . . 285
Datatype, Miami, fla , ... . , . ... . , .. , ., . . . . ," .. " . . ,' 286
Digital Resources, Housto'n, Texas ,.",.", . " ... ",., . 287
ECRM, . Cambridge, Mass, . . , ..... . ... " ... ..... , ..... 288
farrington , Springfield, Va . . ....... . . . , " ' , .. . ... . . ,. 289
Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, Cal, " .. " . . , ' " _ . , , , . , , .. 290
' Ho'neywell, Needham, Mass . .... . . •.. ..... _ ...... _ .... 291
IBM, White Plains, N,Y, , . .... , . , . , " " ' , .. . _ , , , , . . , ., 292
ICL, N,Y" N.Y. .. .... " . . " . , " ' , .. . ... ,', .. " . . _ . " 293
Identicon, Waltham, Mass, . , . . . , _ . . , , ....• _ . , . .. , , .. . . 294
Infoton, Burlington, Mass, . . . ... .. .. . .. " .. • • . . . : " . , ' 29S
Mohawk Data, Herkimer, N.Y, ..... .. ..... . .. , . ... . .... 296
Motorola Instrumentation, Phoenix, Ariz. , ... _ , , . , . . . . .. 297
NCR, Dayton, Ohio .. . , ... ... , " , . , " " " ' , . " .... , . , 298'
NCS Data Systems, Minneapolis, Minn, , . . . . . ,.,"" " " 299
OCR Systems, Horsham, Pa .... .. .... , ....... ,',., . .. . 300
Optical Scanning, Newton, Pa. . .. .. . . . ,., . ,'" .... . , ' 301
Orbit.. 1 Systems, Moorestown, N.J , ,.,',. , . .. ,.,", . " . 302
Recognitio'n Equipment, Da'IIas, Texas ..... . ,. , ... " ... , 303
Republic Electronic Systems, EI Segundo , Cal. , ...... , ... 304
Ricca Data Systems, Santa Ana, Cal. , . . , ...... .. . . ..... 305
Scan Data, Norristown, Pa , .. " . " ....... ,., ... ,...... 306
Scan Optics, E, Hartford, Conn, .... ,., .,., . .. "...... . 307
United Business Communications, Shawnee Mi.. ion, Kan .. . 308
Univac, Blue Bell, Pa . .......... . . , .. .. . , . .. . , .. ... .. 309
Universal Business .Machines, Columbia, S.C, . , .. . . .... ,' 310
82
•
REFERENCE LITERATURE
Special Readers & Systems
'RET:4IL ' (POINT-Of-SALE) OCR
These systems utilize a hand-held gun or pencil scanner to m ad baT codes on m erchandise tickets or lab els
at check-out counters, Data read mny involve item
pl'ice, tax, and invent01'Y managem ent info1'mation;
this data is then pl'ocessed on- and/ or off-line to provide sales 1'eceipts, and accounting and inventory l'eports.
For information on RETAIL OCR, ci1'cle the appropriate numbe1' on the Reader Service Ca1'd,
Reader Service
Card Number
Company
IMS, Los Angeles, Cal. " " " " " " " " " " " ' , .. " .. 311
NCR, Dayton, Ohio ", .. , • . , " " ' , . , ,' , . , . , " " ' ,., ' 312
Transducer Systems, Willow Grove, Pa , , . " . " , _, , " '" 313
OPtiCAL MICROfiLM CHARACTER READERS
PRICE
OTHER FEATUR ES
TABLE 5
i
Two manufacture1's currently produce systems to 1'ead
microfilm images' - Infor.mation Internati01'lal (the
Grafix 1) and .Singer Micrographics (the MS-2000).
These system s ate capable of 1'eading a wide variety of type fonts 01' digitizing graphics from microfilm; th e y can scan at rates of 2,500 characters per
second, and attain th1'Upu-ts of 3,000 forms per minute,
Microfilm input may take the form of roll film or apertU1'e canZs, and output may be to a central processor,
a magnetic 01' paper tap e drive, or a lin e 01' COM
printer. The systems 1ttilize th eir own processors and
are softwU1'e suppo1'ted,
For information on OPTICAL MICROFILM
CHARACTER READERS , circle the appropriate
number on the Reader Service Card,
Company
Reader Service
Card Number
Information International, Los Angeles, Cal,
Singer-Micrographics, Sunnyvale, Cal. "" . . """ .. ,."
314
315
MAGNETIC CHARACTER READERS
Magnetic character readers are used in banking operations to process and sort checks for demand' deposit
accounting. These readers recognize, via magnetic ink
sensing heads, the human-teadble E-13B font of 10
numeTics and 4 special symbols; they mad at rates of
from 600 to 1,600 f01'ms pel' minute, and son into
from 6 to 18 output stackers,
For information on MAGNETIC CHARACTER
READERS , circle the appropriate number listed below on the Reader Service Ca1'd,
Company
Reader Service
Ca rd Number
Honeywell, Needham, Mass, . """ " " , .. _" " ,. _."
IBM, White Plains, N,Y, ,., ........ ,.,',.,.,', . . .. ".
Information Technology, Pennsauke'n, N,J , " " _ , , . , , , ,.
Lundy Electronics, Glen Head, N,Y,
, .. , . , . , .. , , , , , .. ,
NCR, Dayton, Ohio ",. _ . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , . _ , , . , , , , . , ,.
316
317
318
319
320
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
LINE PRI,NTER.
$2400.
The Centronics Model 101.
It's economical because of the matrix printing and simple design .
It's practical because of the multiple copies,easy interface and communieations options.
Just look at the Model 101 as something that acts like a line printer and costs like a teleprinter.
Centron ics Data Computer Corp., Hudson, N.H. 03051
centronics
Because you don 't want to spend more than you have to.
CIRCLE NO. 24 ON INQUIRY CARD
TO GET DATA
FROM HERE
TO THERE,
START HERE
The Automata 3600 reads intermixed stacks of variable length
cards at speeds up to 300 cpm. This
includes pre-punched, pre-printed
and pencil marked information on
the same card.
NEW 'PRODUCTS
EXPANDED MEMORY MINICOMPUTERS
D evelopment of a high density
core memory has made it possible
for HP to provide more memory
for the same cost and mainframe
size. The HP 2116C is a 16-bit, 1.6
microsec machine, available at
$20,000 for 8K of core, and expandable to 32K in 8K increments
at $10,000 per increment. The HP
2114C is a 4K, 16-bit, 2.0 microsec
minicomputer costing $8,500; additional core, in 4K increments, costs
$4,500 p er increment, and may be
expanded to 16K. Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, Cal.
Circle No. 339
011
Inquiry Card.
Features:
• Three driven shafts and no reciprocating parts
• Closed loop fof. constant intensity illumination
• Patented bifurcated fiber optics
• Optical compensating electronics
The Automata 8421 (pictured below) reads the same information on
continuous fan-fold strips.
Features:
• Verifier-Editor at the terminal
• Closed loop for constant intensity illumination
• Patented bifurcated fiber optics
• Optical compensating electronics
Contact Herman Bourgeois at 509
946-4143 for a demonstration.
AUTOMATA CO·RPORATION
2952 GEORGE"WASHINGTON WAY
RICHLAND , WASHINGTON 99352
COMMUNICA nONS
TERMINAL
PAPER TAPE TENDER
The low-speed tape unwind er provides unattended paper or mylar
tape loading for ASR-33 and -35
Teletype tape readers, Progeny
Products, Gmensburg, Ohio
Circle No. 340 on Inquiry Card.
Memorex has introduced a cassette
storage communications terminal
for source data preparation and entry. The terminal, designated as
the 1280, features 180,000 character tape cassette storage, a standard alphanumeric keyboard (with
auxiliary numeric keyboard as option ), and a 10 to 60 cps printer .
A range of editing function s such as
character and line insertion or deletion are included. Memorex,
Santa Clam, Cal.
Circle No. 346 on Inquiry Card.
MICROFILM RETRIEVAL
TERMINAL
The Model 832 system can b e
"trained" to respond to any individual voice to convert acoustical
signals into a digital code. Vocabulary capacity is 32 spoken commands - expandable to 88. The
system may be retrained for vocabulary, speaker, or acoustic environment at a rate of 3 sec. per command, and used to enter data,
retrieve information, or control machine operation via the human
voice. Scope Electronics, Reston,
Va. '
The Autosearch Microfilm T erminal provides for storage and rapid access to 100,000 p ages of information
stored
On
105mm
microRIm rolls. The individual
page is retrieved either by keying
in a 7-digit address or by a TTY
request-computer locate procedure.
The Autosearch provides for updatin g by the use of an auxiliary
16mm RIm cartridge and has builtin memory to store up to 8 addresses. The basic model sells for
$5,000, with the updating feature
an additional $2,000. Mat'gan Information Systems, Palo Alto, Cal.
Circle No. 344 on Inquiry Card.
Circle No. 341 on Inquiry Card.
VOICE COMMAND SYSTEM
CIRCL£ NO. 25 ON INQUIRY 'CARD
84
MODERN DATA/January 1971
VOICE RESPONSE UNIT
MINICOMPUTER PRINTER
MICROFILM PLOTTER
The Model 3100 Voice Response
unit is 32-track, hard-mounted,
head-per-track, magnetic, analog
memory th at provides parallel output of 31 pre-recorded spoken
words of 500 to 600 millisec duration. The 3100 may be field expanded to a 64 track unit for 63
words, or 31 words and 32 sentences, and requires no scheduled
maintenance other than replacement of the drive motor every fiv e
years. The device is designed , to
provide the voice source for computers equipped with a voice response system. Metrolab, San
Diego, Cal.
The 880E - a line printer designed
for minicomputer applications can print an 80 character line on
six copy paper at a rate of 400 lines
per minute. It can interface, on a
plug-to-plug basis, with DEC, HP,
Varian, Honeywell, and other minicomputers, and with WE 201 and
212 modems. The 880E sells for
$7,800 each, with multiple-order
discounts available. Vogue Instruments, Richmond Hill, N.Y.
The microplotter can produce
graphics and alphanumerics automatically on microfilm aperture
cards or on standard roll film. Digital input information can b e fed
from paper or magnetic tape, or
directly on-line from a computer.
Writing speed is 500 characters p er
sec, with line drawing speed of 330
inches per sec and resolution of
0.002 inches. Bendix Corp., Ann
Arbor, Mich.
Circle No. 342 on Inquiry Card.
Circle No. 345 on Inquiry Card.
Circle No. 354 on Inquiry Card.
ACOUSTIC COUPLERS
Bell 103A-compatible, 300 baud,
acoustic couplers for stand-alone
or integral applications are available from Beckes Communications
Devices. The complete coupler,
with power supply, sells for $200,
while an OEM kit - coupler, cups,
speaker, and microphone less
power supply - is priced at $150.
Beckes Communications Devices,
Chicago, Ill.
Circle No. 343 on Inquiry Card.
PDP-ll MASS STORAGE
Three mass storage devices - an
industry-compatible magnetic tape
unit, a fixed-head disk storage unit,
and a removable cartridge disk
pack system - are available for the
DEC PDP-ll. The 10J~ inch reel,
tape drive comes with either a 7track (200/556/ 800 bpi) or 9-track
(800 bpi) option, and has a maximum transfer rate of 36K characters/sec. The RS64 fixed-head disk
system can store 65.5K, 16-bit
words and be accessed in 16.9 millisec. The disk pack drive stores
614.5K words and has an access
time of 80 millisec. All units operate on direct memory access cycle
steal, so that data is not transferred
through the central processor. Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass.
Circle No. 349 on Inquiry Card.
.. . you just don't need one.
Vista comes in a dozen different models and a thousand different configu ra tions. Buy or lease and take your pick. From 32 characters by 10 lines to 80
by 20 . 110 to 4800 baud . With all the options you want . Tape cassette . hard
copy. unlimited interfaces. you name it.
Vista is rugged. reliable . simple to service . Fast. silent and easy to read . Tops
in price/performance . Now. what can we do for you?
Vista ... the total terminal.
ID Infoton
Infoton Incorporated : Second Avenu e. Burlington. Massachusetts 01803 16 171 272 - 6660
560 San Antonio Road. Palo Alto. Cal. 94306 14151493-0615
15 Spinning Wheel Road. Hinsdale. Illinois 60521 (3121 325 -8988
End-User Sales & Service. U.S .A . & Canada : MAl
MODERN DATA/January 1971
CIRCLE NO. 26 ON INQUIRY CARD
85
NEW ' SOFTWARE AND SER VICES
DECISION TABLES PROGRAM
COMMUNICA TIONS DESIGN
TABTRAN (table translater), a
limited entry decision table processor service, reduces the time
needed to design, code, and debug
a computer program, and also reduces the time needed to execute
each program. T ABTRAN translates specially formatted decision
tables into Cobol source language.
The generated' source code may be
combined with . existing Cobol
source programs or may take the
form of a decision making 0r logical Cobol seetion that can be
linked with the main line computer
program. TABTRAN can be obtain ed through any of the ten
WTSC regional Tele-Computer
Service Centers. The cost of the
basic T ABTRAN service package
is $3,200. Westinghouse T ele-Computer Systems, Pittsbu1'gh, Pa.
The Comm-pute time-shared library includes programs for design
of W ATS arrangements, least-path
networks for voice and data, leastcost location of remote multiplexers or concentrators, pricing of
'communications services, and rate
information for private line and exchange services. The routine calculation and information retrieval
programs are charged for by minutes of use (typical transaction
costs $0.20) . The least-cost design
programs have a fee-p er-run
charge in addition to time charges;
the fee is $25 for the first run in a
month, and $10 for each subsequent run. Comm-pute may be
accessed by any 110 bps, ASCII
terminal, and is available in 21
cities throughout the country.
Berglund Assoc., Che1'1'Y Hill, N.J.
Circle No. 388 on Inquiry Card.
Circle No. 378 on Inquiry Card.
OMNITEC . .. for the acoustic couplers that work!
For economic unattended
terminal
:::--operation.
rigi nate/ Automatic
An swe r Coupl er
The OMNITEC 703A " answers" the telephone, establishes communication , and releases the lin e after transmission. Suitab le for
use in automatic polling or message communications systems, the
703A features fully automatic operation, TTY and EIA (RS2 32) terminal interfacing, half and fu ll duplex operation, plu s the performance and dependability which have made OMNITEC the leading
supplier of acoustic telephone couplers. Off-the-shelf availabi lity.
Write fo r full details.
903 North Second Street, Phoenix, A rizona 85004 • (602) 258-8246
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
TRIP (Total Replenishment Inventory Program) is designed for
IBM 360/30 and.up systems. TRIP
can be adapted to inventories of
up to 200,000 items, and . provides
perpetual inventory control. A proprietary formula evaluates material
'usage, and projects required inventory changes a t each usage hit.
Power Compute1'. Systems; Ruthe1'f01'd, N.J.
Circle No. 384 on Inquiry Card.
ACCOUNTING PACKAGE
INFO-TEM, completely automates
th e General Ledger an d relieves
corporate accounting of the task of
producing periodic financial statements. The system prepares the
balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and produces condensed
comparative statements, including
current year vs. last year, budget
vs. actual, variance analysis, and
several other important accounting
functons. The program consishs of
35 Cobol programs and can be
used on any IBM 360/ 25-35K core
and higher, with either disk or
tape. Computer Radix Corp., New
York, N.Y.
NC TAPE SERVICE
The service, based on the industry
standard NC programming language used in the Automatic Programming Tools (APT) system, is
provided through DART communications network, linking more
than 126 locations to the central
computers . Paper tapes describing
parts to be machined are prepared
with the aid of teletypewriter keyboards and transmitted over DART
communication lines in batches at
the command of the computer center. Users receive, in addition to
tapes, "tool path" drawings via facsimile transmitter. These permit a
visual check of general conformity
to instructions for producing the
particular part. Allis-Chalmers,
Milwaukee, Wisc.
Circle No. 377 on Inquiry Card.
CIRCLE NO. 27 ON tNQUIRY CARD
86
MODERN DATA/January 1971
NEW
LITERATURE
I/O ACCESSORIES
A 32-page cMalog of I/O accessories,
such as paper tape handling devices,
mag tape cartridges and cassettes,
and ancillary storage units, is available. In/ Opac Div., Numeridex, Chicago,
,m.
Circle No. 412 on Inquiry Card.
AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
A pocket-size, 44-page booklet describes GA's compatible family of automation computers and systems.
General Automation, Anaheim, Cal.
Circle No. 418 on Inquiry Card.
NEW TIME-SAVING DATA COMMUNICATIONS TOOL:
DESIGN
DEVELOP
DEBUG
Hardware
Hardware, software
Hardware, software and communications systems·
One new ins t rum e n t 0 ff er s the sec 0 m bin e d
capabilities ... The Spectron Universal Monitor
TELEPRINTERS
Data on the Inktronic line of highspeed, electrostatic teleprinting terminals is contained in a 12-page book.
Teletype Corp ., Skokie, Ill.
Circle No. 406 on Inquiry Card.
BUFFER STORAGE
The 12-page booklet describes three
tape-loop buffers in Wiltek's DigiStore line. Wiltek Inc., Wilton, Conn.
Circle No. 405 on Inquiry Card.
SMALL COMPUTER
DISK-P ACK DRIVE
A six-page foldout describes the ISS
724 Data Storage Sys'tem, a disk drive
and file control for small computers
utilizing a 2316 disk-pack. Information Storage Systems, Cupertino, Cal.
Circle No. 407 on Inquiry Card.
POWER SYSTEMS
Literature describing a high perfonnance line of power systems, as well as
application engineering assistance for
data processing or process control
computer systems, instrument or communications installations, is available.
Cyberex, Willoughby, Ohio
Circle No. 402 on Inquiry Card.
MODERN DATA/ January 1971
If you produce, install or service data communications
hardware or software, our
Universal Monitor could be
your most helpful tool. It
will save time and help you
increase accuracy, regardless of your particular area of interest.
The Universal Monitor offers these advantages because it provides
a character-by-character hard copy record of everything that is sent
and received over the data link. Which means it not only points out
errors in hardware" software or lines, but also enables you to determine precisely what is causing these errors, and why. So less time is
spent tracing problems, and higher accuracy is far easier to come by.
The Universal Monitor is the only transmission test set that can be
conveniently operated on-line. As an aid to field service technicians,
for example, you ' ll find it a dramatic improvement over present trialand-error methods of trou ble-shooti ng.
Other features include the ability to: accommodate all line coordination systems ; monitor any code and speed up to 7200 bps ; work with
synchronous or start-stop transmissions; and operate full- or halfduplex. That's the Universal Mon..
itor from Spectron. We made it do
more, so you'd have to do less.
Write or call (609) 667-5700 for
information or demonstration .
'"
F.I.-"
If " III
- -
c:: C>APC>R A...IC>N
1060 Kings Highway North
Cherry Hill, New Jersey 08034
r-----------------------------------------------------1
o
0
Please send technical bulletin
on Universal Monitor.
Please arrange Universal Monitor demonstration at my convenience.
Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Titl e _ _ _ _ _ __
Company _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Telephone _ _ _ __
Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
City
State
Zip
_____________________________________________________
JI
CIRCLE NO. 28 ON INQUIRY CARD
87
NEW LITERATURE
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
AMP INC.
INDUSTR IAL DIV. . .... . .. ... •.. .. .. : . . .• .. .... . ... ... • . ....••... . . . 52, 53
Age ncy: Aitkin-Kynett Co., Inc.
AUERBACH PUBLISHERS, INC..••.. . •... . . • .. ........... •. . . . . . .... .•. .. 14,15
Age ncy: The Adworks
SIMSCRIPT II PLUS
AUTOMATA CORP. . .. . ..... ...........•. .... • .... . .•... .... . • •.. .. • . ....
84
Agency: Sh oaf & Associates
A Simscript II Plus user's manual, describing the features of the. language
and of a System/ 360 implementation,
is available at a cost of $3.50. Simulation Associates, Los Angeles, Cal.
Circle No. 400 on Inquiry Card;
BERGLUND ASSOCIATES ..... .. . . . • . .. ..•.....•. . ....••.•............. . ...
74
Agency: Perceptive Ma rketers
BRIGHT INDUSTRIES, INC... ...... .... . .. . . .. ..... .. . ...•.... . . .... .. .. Cover 3
Ag ency : Mac Manus,. Joh n & Adams, Inc.
THE BUNKER·RAMO CORP .
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY DIV. ....... . .... • . . ........... .. •.....• • . . ... •
29
Agenc y : James A. Ford Adve rt is ing
CENTRONICS DATA COMPUTER CORP.
83
Agency : The Stray to n Corp
REMOJ:E TERMINAL
CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS .... . . . . .. . .......... ... ......... . ....•..... . .. .
COMPUTER AUTOMATION, INC::. . ............. . ........... .• ...............
The CP-4 remote batch communications terminal is described in a
20-page booklet. The CP-4 includes a
complete line of punched card, paper
and mag tape, line and teleprinter,
plotter, and -uther options·. Data Computer, Santa Ana, Cal.
Circle No. 404" on Inquiry Card.
63
Agency: Rose Associates
5
Agency : Cochrane Chase & Co., Inc.
CONTROL DATA CORP ... . ... ........ . ......•. .... . ........ • ........ .. .. 12, 13
Age ncy : Klau-Van Pieterso m-Oun lap, Inc.
'DATA USAGE· CORP. .. ... ..... . ... . ........... • ......• .........•.. ... •..
8
Agency: H'. W. Hauptm an Co., Inc.
DIGITAL ' EQUIPMENT CORP ..............•... . . . ........ ... ..... •. ...... 10,11
Agency: Kalb & Schn eid e r, Inc .
DONAULD-, INC. ....... . . .. .... .•. ........ . .. .. .. . . .... .• . . ..... .. .•... .
72
Agenc:;y: Carpenter, Matt hews &- Stewart, Inc.
ELECTRONIC ASSOCIATES, INC. . . ..... ....... ..... .. ..................... ..
2
McCarthy, Scelba, De Btas i Adve rtisi ng
MINICOMPUTER
The cost, instruction power, programming, and I/O capability of the
ND812 minicomputer IS discussed in
an IB-page brochure. Nuclear Data,
Palatine, Ill.
GENERAL ELECTRIC
COMMUNICATION & CONTROL DEVICES DIV.
49
Agency : Ross Roy of New Yo rk, Inc .
GENERAL ELECTRIC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTS DEPT.
9
Agency: Ros> Rov. of. New Yo rk, Inc.
IBM
DATA P:ROCESSING DIV~ ... .. . ... .•...... •... . .... ... .. .. .... ..•• . . . .• •
21
Agency: Marsteller, Inc.
Circle No. 411 on Inquiry Card.
INFOTON, INC. . ...• .. .•.• . ..•••. .• .. . .............. . .. • .... .. . .• ......•
85
Agency: Maslow, Gold & Rothschild, Inc.
LOCKHEED ELECTRONICS
DISK CONTROLLERS
.... .. . . .......... .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. ........ . . 51-,60,61
Age ncy : McCann-Erickso n, Inc.
MODERN DATA
The eight-page bulletin describes the
use, compatibilities, and specifications
of EECO's line of disk memory controllers. Electronic Engineering Co. of
California, Santa Ana, Cal.
Circle No. 419 on Inquiry Card.
16,17,37
OMNITEC
A NYTRONICS CORP. . .. . ... .. .. .... . . • .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .....• . • . . • . .
86
Agency: Harve y Poo l Ad ve rtising
RAYTHEON COMPUTER . .......... . ..... .. . .. ........ .. .......... . .... . . . . 6, 7
Age ncy : Durel Ad ver tis ing
SANGAMO ELECTRIC CO.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS .. . .... . . . ............. . .. . ••.••. ... . . •• •.••
23
Agency: Wini us-B rand on Com pany
SMALL COMPUTERS
SPECTRON CORP·.. •.. . .. . • • • .. . •• ...... . .. .. . .•.........• . •.. . .•.. . . .. . .• •
SYNER·DATA, INC. ....... ... ....... ......•. •. .. .... .• •......•.•.•.•...••
Systems' 72, B2, and BlOB solutionoriented small computers are described in a three-page brochure. Systems
Engineering
Labs,
Ft.
Lauderdale, Fla.
Circle No. 408 on Inquiry Card.
87
Age ncy : Perceptive Mar kete rs
41
Agency: John Donlan Ad vert isi ng
TALCOTT COMPUTER LEASING ... ....... . .. • . . . ..•..................... Cover 4
Age ncy : Albert Frank-G uen ther law, Inc.
TEKTRONIX, INC ... . . . .• .••.. .. •.•.. .. . .... .. ..... . .• •..... . .•• .. .•... . •.•
Agency: Dawson, Inc.
TELETYPE CORP. • .•.•••• . •... .. .••. ...•. ••.•. ..........••.• . ... •.. .... 32,33
Agency: Fensholt Advertisi ng, Inc.
TIME SHARE PERIPHERALS CORP. • .• .. . • .•• • •. . .. •• ...•• . ...... .•.. .•.. • . • •. 25
Agency: A. B. Toft and Co.
MOD I MANUAL
A user's manual for the Interdata
Model I minicomputer is available.
Interdata, Oceanport, N.J.
TRI·DATA •.. . . . • • •. . .••••••• ...•• • ••• • • ••• .....•••. •• • • ... • •.. •• . . •.. . •
4
Age ncy : Hal .Lawrence, Inc.
VARIAN DATA MACHINES .....• •.•. . ....•. .. .. ... . . ..... ..• ......•... Cover 2
Age ncy : N .. W . Ayer/ Jorgensen/ MacDona ld, Inc.
VOGUE
SHEPARD DIV.
....• ••• ... ..• • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . • • • . . • . • . . . . • • • • ..
35
Agency : Mohr & Co., Inc.
Circle No. 401 on Inquiry Card.
88
MODERN DATA/January 1971
This B will print crisply, cleanly and with
no vertical or horizomal misalignmem
even at 300 lines/ minute (132 characters/ line) because it's in one of the foms
for the unique Bright Indu str ies'
7,~:~bc;ng Bhl Pc;n",.
This B happens to be
from a "Caslon" fom,
but with the Bright
Bar Primer you can
select foms you were
never able to use before
( even Japanese) and
change them in the
field - in just minutes.
This B comes
from a 96-character
fom including
upper and lower case,
numerals and symbols
galore. It's available
in sizes up to
one-quarter
inch.
This B and all other characters will print
longer and for less because the unique
oscillating-bar prim mechanism is
simpler, less expensive and more reliable
than drum or chain printers.
This B was brought to you by the
Bright BI 1215 Bar Printer. It gives
your primout a quality so faultless
you could acrually write letters with
it - and not be ashamed to sign them.
Bright Industries Inc.
One Maritime Plaza, San Francisco' 94111
Telephone: (415 ) 391-9794
Bright Industries is an affiliate of Tracor
CIRCLE NO . 29 ON INQU IRY CARD
'IiBrl~ht
~NDUSTRIES
INC.
I
These days, you
have to ~inch
pennies till they
sayouch!
That's why Talcott makes
EDP stand for
"Every Dam Penny!'
With business costs so high, you
don't have to be a natural-born
penny-pincher to want to save dollars.
That's where Talcott comes in - with the
9311 Disc Drive for larger systems, and
the 9311/ 11 for smaller ones . Both are made by
the Friden Division of Singer - famous for
rei iable engineering and service, worldwide.
And both have proven themselves when it
comes to performance as well as saving you
cold cash.
You can put five 9311 's to work for the
usual cost of three 2311's- based on average
lease length. That's a saving of 66-2 / 3%. What's
more- there's no charge for using the 9311 on
a 24-hour basis.
As for the 9311/ 11 - it matches the capabi I ities of the 360/ 20 and offers pi ug-to-pl ug
compatibility. But it performs the same
functions for you at a saving of up to 50%,
based on average lease length.
So why pay more for peripheral storage
equipment that can't do more or perform
better? For details and savings on Talcott's
9311 disc drive family-contact your local
Friden office or write: Friden Division, The
Singer Company, San Leandro, Calif. 94577.
MANUFACTURED BY
THE SINGER COMPANY-Friden Division
• Talcott ~~TITI
TALCOTT COMPUTER LEASING
•
DiviSion of James Talcott, Inc. , 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N .Y. 10019
CIRCLE NO. 30 ON INQUIRY CARD
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