PROM PRM 01 DOC_PROM_Monitor_Ref_Jun92 DOC Monitor Ref Jun92
PRM-01-DOC_PROM_Monitor_Ref_Jun92 PRM-01-DOC_PROM_Monitor_Ref_Jun92
User Manual: PRM-01-DOC_PROM_Monitor_Ref_Jun92
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PROM Monitor Reference PRM-01-DOC Your comments on our products and publications are welcome. A postage-paid form is provided for this purpose on the last page of this manual. Part Number 84-00317/02-01169 June 1992 About this Book Audience This manual is intended for system administrators responsible for maintaining and managing system resources. Organization of this Manual This manual describes the PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) monitor, which initializes the system after power-on. The PROM monitor executes diagnostic tests to ensure that the machine is reasonably free of problems. It is also responsible for loading and starting the execution of standalone programs, including the RISC/os kernel. The PROM monitor provides system services to standalone programs. This manual contains information on the following topics: • Overview • Initialization displays • PROM monitor command summary • PROM monitor environment variables • Updating PROMs Note that, throughout this manual, the term ‘‘4000 systems’’ refers to both the Magnum and Millennium 4000 systems. For Further Reading RISC/os System Administrator’s Guide ROS-04-DOC Magnum 4000/50PC and RC4130 Technical Reference SYS-25-DOC PROM Monitor Reference iii iv PROM Monitor Reference 1989-1992 MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. RISC/os is a trademarks of MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. 950 DeGuigne Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3650 Customer Service Telephone Numbers: U.S. and Canada: International: (800) 676-MIPS Contact your local sales rep. PROM Monitor Reference This manual describes the PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) monitor, which provides the tools for the following tasks: • Performing basic functional testing of the CPU (including caches and floating point hardware), main memory, and the CPU to I/O subsystem interface • Examining and changing system memory • Downloading programs over serial lines (RS-232C) • Booting programs from disk, tape, or Ethernet The PROM monitor also provides utilities for altering configuration power-up options in nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM). This manual is divided into the following sections: • Overview • Initialization displays • Command summary • Environment variables • Updating PROMs Overview The PROM monitor uses system memory between physical addresses 0xA0000500 and 0xA001FFFF, and resides in PROM on the I/O (Input/Output) adapter board. The include file prom/entrypt.h describes conventions for memory use by standalone programs. The PROM monitor is entered at 0xBFC00000 when the system is reset or powered up. The PROM monitor initializes the processor, caches, NVRAM, main memory, the I/O subsystem, and any other boards that are present. PROM Monitor Reference 1 The processor is initialized by: • Initializing the system coprocessor status and cause registers • Flushing the translation buffer • Sizing and flushing the instruction and data caches • Initializing environment variables from nonvolatile memory The memory boards are initialized by: • Probing to determine how many boards exist • Determining the best memory interleave configuration • Configuring the boards for refresh slot assignment and assigning base addresses Power-On Diagnostics Initialization Display for 4000 Systems The following power-on (PON) diagnostic messages appear on the monitor after the system is initialized and before the PROM monitor messages appear: PON Diagnostics Version 5.05 MIPS OPT Wed May 27 16:45:05 PDT 1992 root..PASSED If a power-on diagnostic failure is detected, a display similar to the sample in Figure 1 appears. PON Diagnostics Version 5.05 MIPS OPT Wed May 27 16:45:05 PDT 1992 root..PASSED High Memory Test..... PASSED I/O Cache Test....... PASSE NVRAM Test........... PASSED Parallel Test........ PASSE Floppy Chip Test..... PASSED Partial Write Test... PASSE Memory Parity Test... PASSED Primary Dcache Test.. PASSE Primary ICache Test..*FAILED Primary DTAG Test.... PASSE Primary ITAG Test.... PASSED Secondary Cache Test.**N/A* FP Test.............. PASSED Keyboard Selftest.... PASSE Keyboard BAT Test.... PASSED Video board Test.....*FAILE SCSI Register Test... PASSED Audio Chip Test...... PASSE Sonic Reset Test..... PASSED Sonic Register Test.. PASSED Figure 1: PON Diagnostics Display The **N/A** string indicates that the test was not executed because the hardware is not part of this configuration. Refer to the Power-On Diagnostic Manual that accompanies your system for information about failed test results. Initialization Display for the RC6380 During initialization, the RC6380 monitor displays status and test results. Figure 2 shows a typical display that appears when initialization is complete. 2 PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference RC6380 MIPS Monitor: Version 5.36 OPT Mon Jan 13 12:22:04 PST 1992 roo Memory size: 134217728 (0x8000000) bytes, 128 MB Present Board Configuration Status SLOT ---1 2 3 4 5-10 SBC REV ---A1.3 A1.3 A1.3 A1.3 ---- HDWR TYPE ---cpu ioc mem cpu ---- CPU FPA REV REV ---- --A1.1 4.0 ---- ------ --A1.1 4.0 ---- --- SOFT SOFT STATE TYPE ----- -----on master ----- ---------- -----idle slave ----- ------ DESCRIPTION ------------MP-capable CPU0 512KB-Scache (2) MP-capable I/O Controller (2c) MP-capable Abortable (11) MP-capable CPU1 512KB-Scache (2) Slot is empty Information: memory and secondary cache have been initialized Information: multi-processing mode enabled Information: your current prom bootmode is m >> Figure 2: PROM Monitor Status and Test Result Display The display in Figure 2 varies depending on the bootmode. For example, bootmode m, w, or c runs power–on diagnostics, so the display is preceded by diagnostics information. The informational messages also vary depending on conditions set by the PROM or user. The following message appears if the PROM detects a power-off condition or a cache parity error and must initialize the caches and memories (after a power off, the data is invalid): Information: memory and secondary cache have been initialized The following message informs you that the PROM has attempted to preserve the contents of memory and the secondary cache. You can use this information in determining whether to do a memory dump: Information: memory and secondary cache are valid The following messages indicate the current bootmode: Information: your current prom bootmode is d Information: your current prom bootmode is m Information: your current prom bootmode is e The following message indicates that the PROM has detected only one CPU in the system and has enabled snoop in all the SBC chips: Information: cache coherency watch enabled This message appears only when the following conditions exist: PROM Monitor Reference 3 • System has only one CPU • All system bus chips are at revision 9 or greater • CPU boards are MP-capable • CPU chips are at revision A1.0 or greater • CPU PRid Implementation field is a 6 (R6000A CPU) • IOC boards are MP-capable • Memory boards are MP-capable The following message indicates that the PROM found more then one CPU in the system and has enabled snoop in all the SBC chips: Information: multi-processing mode enabled This message appears only when the following conditions exist: • System has more than one CPU • All system bus chips are at revision A1.0 or greater • CPU boards are MP-capable • CPU chips are at revision A1.0 or greater • CPU Processor ID (PRid) Implementation field is a 6 (R6000A CPU) • IOC boards are MP-capable The following message indicates that initialization tests found parity errors in the secondary cache of CPU–x and initialized that cache. The message shows the logical CPU numbers of all CPUs with cache errors (all caches with errors are initialized): WARNING: PARITY ERRORS FOUND IN SCACHE OF CPU–x Command Summary The following subsections list all the PROM monitor commands and give their syntax. For a full description of each command, see the corresponding manual page or the prom(1M) manual page. Load Command The sload command changes the PROM monitor mode to accept an srecord file. The syntax is as follows: sload [–a] [–b] [console_dev] 4 PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference Start-Up Commands Table 1 summarizes the start-up commands. Table 1: Start-Up Commands Command Purpose Syntax auto Initiates the two-level operating system autoboot sequence. auto boot Loads the specified program. boot [–f filename] [–n] [args] warm Executes a warm boot of the system warm PROM Monitor Reference 5 The syntax of the filename parameter for the boot command depends on the device, as shown in Table 2. Table 2: Filename Syntax for boot Command Device Boot File Name Syntax System SMD disk dkip(controller, unit, partition) path M/2000 SMD or RC6280 SCSI disk dksd(controller, target, partition) path Rx2030, RC3350, 4000 systems, or RC3x60G VME SCSI disk dkij(controller, unit, partition) path RC3260, M/2000 SCSI, RC6260, or RC6380 SCSI disk dkis(controller, target, partition) path M/120 or RC3240 SCSI tape tqsd(controller, target, file) path Rx2030, RC3350, 4000 systems, or RC3x60G VME SCSI tape tqij(controller, unit, file) path RC3260, M/2000 SCSI, RC6260, or RC6380 QIC tape tpqic Rx2030, RC3350, or RC3x60G SCSI tape tqis RC3260, M/2000 SCSI, RC6260, or RC6380 Console uart tty(port #) Ethernet bfs(,interface, controller),nfs() Pseudo Console console(port #) Boot Server bootp() The user-supplied parameters for the filename syntax are as follows: 6 controller A number that specifies the device controller. If you do not specify a controller number, the default value 0 is used. file file indicates which file on the tape; 0 indicates the first file. interface interface indicates the type of Ethernet board in the system: cmc or egl. This is applicable only on systems that allow multiple Ethernet boards. For the RC3360 and RC3350, interface can also be la (for LANCE Ethernet interface). PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference partition partition is a number specifying a disk partition (a logical portion of a disk). The partition base cylinder and size are determined by accessing the disk volume header stored on the disk itself. If you do not specify partition, the default value 0 is used. path path specifies a file on the media that contains the program to be booted. The syntax for the file referred to by path is specific to the device. port# port# indicates the serial I/O port number. This number can be either 0 or 1. target target is a number from 0 through 7 that indicates the SCSI device. 7 is normally received as the system ID. unit Multiple storage devices can be attached to a single device controller. unit indicates the specific device on a controller. If you do not specify a unit number, the default value 0 is used. General Utility Commands Table 3 summarizes the general utility commands available during execution of the PROM monitor. Table 3: Command PROM Monitor General Utility Commands Purpose Syntax cat Displays the contents of the files listed on the console. cat file1 [file2... fileN] cpu Enables and disables CPUs (implemented on the RC6380 system only). cpu cpu_number on|off disable Disables input from and output to the specified console device. disable [console_dev] dump Formats and displays the contents of memory. dump [format] [length] range enable Allows input from and output to the specified console device. enable [console_dev] help Displays the syntax for all commands. help [commandlist] init Reinitializes the PROM monitor software state. init init_tod Initializes the time-of-day chip. init_tod [secs] PROM Monitor Reference 7 Table 3: PROM Monitor General Utility Commands Command Purpose Syntax pr_tod Prints the contents of the time-of-day register. pr_tod printenv Displays the value of the PROM environment variables. printenv [varlist] setenv Creates a new PROM environment variable or changes an existing environment variable. setenv [var] [value] sload Puts the PROM monitor in a mode to accept an srecord file. sload [-a] [-b] [console_dev] sprobe Returns information for devices on the SCSI bus. M120, RC3230, RC3330, RC2030, RC3360 and 4000 systems only. sprobe unsetenv Deletes an existing environment variable. unsetenv [var] Note: The file1 parameter for the cat command has the same syntax as the filename parameter of the boot command described in the previous section. The init_tod command is supported only when the PROM monitor variable bootmode is set to d. 8 PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference Debugging Commands Table 4 summarizes the debugging commands available during execution of the PROM monitor. These commands are generic to all platforms. Table 4: PROM Monitor Debugging Commands Command Purpose Syntax fill Fills the specified range of memory with the specified pattern. fill [length] [–v val] range g Displays the contents of a single memory location in decimal, hexadecimal, and ASCII character formats. g [length] address go Transfers control to code that is has been previously loaded. go [-c cpu_number] [entry] [cpu_number] p Puts or sets the contents of a single memory location to a specified value. p [length] address value spin Generates reference patterns for diagnostic spin [ [–c count] [–v value] use. –(r|w)(b|h|w) address ] Table 5 summarizes the debugging commands that are specific to the RC6380 system. Table 5: 6380 Multiprocessing PROM Monitor Debugging Commands Command Purpose Syntax dbcs Displays control space registers. dbcs slot_number dbs Displays current status of boards and how the PROM uses them. dbs dcr Displays current register contacts. dcr cpu_number dcs Displays logical and physical relationships between CPUs on multiprocessor computer. dcs dnvr Displays contents of NVRAM. dnvr [0x|0X] begin_offset [0x|0X] end_offset dnvr [0x|0X] begin_offset l|L length dpr PROM Monitor Reference Displays register status contents at the time of the last reset. dpr cpu_number 9 Table 5: 6380 Multiprocessing PROM Monitor Debugging Commands Command envr Purpose Syntax Changes contents of NVRAM. envr [0x|0X]begin_offset [0x|0X] end_offset envr [0x|0X] begin_offset l|L length flush Writes contents of a CPU’s cache to memory. flush [cpu_number] fprdump Displays contents of floating point registers. fprdump [cpu_number] idprom Displays contents of ID PROM for designated slot. idprom slot_number jilt Changes value of jilt bits for CPUs and IOCs. jilt 0x | OX jilt_value master Selects master CPU. master [cpu_number] scdump Displays contents of secondary cache for selected address range. scdump [range] snoop Enables or disables snoop bit in Control Miscellaneous register snoop on|off tlb Translates virtual address to physical memory address by using the contents of the translation lookaside buffer. tlb [-p pid] address vtag Attempts to derive the virtual tag for a memory location. vtag [-c cpu_number] address Keyboard Commands Table 6 lists the commands that are invoked by a single key or a CTRL key combination. To generate a CTRL key combination, press the CTRL key at the same time that you press an alphabetic character key. Table 6: PROM Monitor Keyboard Commands Key Sequence 10 Description CTRL–H or DEL Erases the previous character. CTRL–U Erases the entire line. CTRL–C Aborts the program that is currently running and returns control to the PROM monitor. PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference Table 6: PROM Monitor Keyboard Commands Key Sequence Description CTRL–Z Causes the current program to execute a breakpoint instruction. This command is used in conjunction with the standalone program dbgmon (dbgmon is part of SPP, a separate package that is available from MIPS.). CTRL–D Causes the standalone program to exit normally. BREAK (S) Cycles the baud rate for tty(0) and tty(1) among baud rates 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600 by entering a BREAKs. The altered baud rate is valid only until the next RESET or until a new program is loaded. To change the baud rate permanently, change either the lbaud or rbaud environment variable. Environment Variables The PROM monitor maintains environment variables that are passed to booted programs. These variables are similar to RISC/os shell environment variables. The value of an environment variable is changed using the PROM monitor setenv command. PROM Monitor Reference 11 Some of the environment variables affect the operation of the PROM monitor and are in nonvolatile memory; when the machine is reset or powered-down, the monitor retains the values of these variables. Table 7 defines and describes the PROM environment variables. Table 7: PROM Monitor Environment Variables Variable Description bootfile Specifies the default program that boots when the –f option to the boot command is not specified. Default is dkip (0,0,8) sash for non-6000 systems and dkij(0,0,8) sash for RC6260/6280/6380 systems. dkip specifies an SMD drive while dkij specifies a SCSI drive attached to a ‘‘Jaguar’’ VME-SCSI adapter. bootmode Controls the PROM monitor action in response to system resets. If bootmode is m, power-on diagnostics are run after a reset, and the PROM monitor enters command mode. If bootmode is c, the PROM monitor does a complete boot. A complete boot loads the file specified by the environment variable bootfile and passes it the argument –a. Typically, bootfile is the standalone shell (sash). The sash interprets the –a option as a request to load the operating system as specified in the volume header of the device from which sash was loaded. Use this mode if you want the machine to boot automatically after a power-down, reset, or system panic. If one or more power-on diagnostic tests fail, bootmode changes to e indicating diagnostic errors. Power-on diagnostics are skipped but memory is cleared for bootmode e. If the bootmode is w, then the PROM monitor attempts a warm boot on reset. A warm boot transfers control to a memory image that was loaded before resetting the system. The PROM monitor looks for a properly formatted restart block to determine if the memory image is present. A cold boot is performed if one of the following occurs: the restart block is incorrectly formatted, the PROM monitor does not find a restart block, or a warm boot has already been attempted with the restart block. If bootmode is d, it preserves the contents of memory across resets. It also skips running the system diagnostics and initialization of memory on power-up before entering command mode. If the system is powered up with bootmode d, the monitor command init should be issued before booting system programs. Default is d. 12 PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference Table 7: PROM Monitor Environment Variables Variable bus_test Description Default is 1. Used by prom, sash, and kernel to determine if the ISA bus should be probed for the existence of the standard MIPS color serial board. If this variable is set to 0, PON diagnostics for color frame buffer and digi are skipped (RC3x30 only). NOTE: If bus_test is 0, the PROM ignores the existence of the color board. Thus, this variable should not be set to 0 in a color system. A console setting of l enables the mono monitor or tty1 as console instead of the color monitor. console Default is l. Selects which devices are enabled as consoles on system powerup and after system resets. Value Description r, t tty(0), tty(1) l,c,g,v tty(0) for servers. For workstations, if keyboard and graphics boards are present, select the graphic monitor as console, otherwise select tty(0) (tty(1) for Rx3x30). m For Rx3x30 systesm, if a keyboard card is present, select the monochrome moniotr as console, otherwise select tty(1). 0 tty(0) 1 tty(1) a Enables all console devices. Do not use this value on a Rx3x30 system with a mouse attached to tty(0). When set to the factory default l, only tty(0) is initially enabled as a console. If console is r, both tty(0) and tty(1) are enabled as consoles. It is possible to enable and disable consoles by command after a rest. Refer to the enable(1) or disable(1) manual pages. Default is r. cpuid Reserved for future use. Currently, this variable must be set to 0. flag When nonzero, this variable suppresses the printing of the MIPS header for the PROMs and standalone programs such as sash (RS2030 and RC2030 systems only). keyboard Determines the type of keyboard used: MIPS (default) for the UNIX-style keyboard and AT for the AT-style keyboard (2030 and RC3x30). Default is AT for 4000 systems. keyswtch Determines whether the CONTROL key and the CAPS LOCK key should be interpreted as interchanged on the AT-style keyboard (RC3x30 and 4000 systems only). keyswtch can have the value 0 for not interchanged or 1 for interchanged. PROM Monitor Reference 13 Table 7: PROM Monitor Environment Variables Variable 14 Description language Determines the language and font assumed for the user interface. Default is American (RC3x30 and 4000 systems only). lbaud Specifies the baud rate for tty(0), which is uart A on the CPU board and typically the local console. You can set the baud rate to: 75, 110, 134, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, or 9600. For 4000 systems, baud rates of up to 19200 are supported. If an illegal baud rate is specified, 9600 baud is used. magic If this parameter is not equal to RISCPROM, the vendor and model parameters will be set to their default values on the next reset (not on RC2030, RS2030, M/120 or M/2000). model Indicates the machine model (not on RC2030). netaddr Specifies the internet address for the node. This is used by the bootfile service software in the standalone I/O (saio) library and bfs command. ponmask ponmask is a 32-bit word containing results of the power-on diagnostic tests. A 0 in a bit position indicates the test passed, and a 1 indicates the test failed. The meaning of each bit is machine specific. rbaud Specifies the baud rate for tty(1), which is uart B on the CPU board and typically the remote console. You can set it to: 75, 110, 134, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, or 9600. For 4000 systems, baud rates of up to 19200 are supported. If you specify an illegal baud rate, 9600 baud is used. resetepc Indicates the program counter the machine was executing when the machine was reset. resetra Indicates the contents of the return address register when the machine was reset. Not on RC6260/6280/6380. rootname Specifies the device on which the root partition of kernel resides. The default is 0, which indicates that the default RISC/os root file system is used. For RC6260/6280/6380 systems, 0 indicates that ijc0d0s0 is used. Otherwise, it specifies the root partition (such as, ijc0d1s0 or sdc0d0s1). PROM Monitor Reference PROM Monitor Reference Table 7: PROM Monitor Environment Variables Variable screensize Description NOTE: this variable is specific to 4000 systems. screensize is a string of 11 numeric fields separated by non-digit characters that controls the screen resolution and video timing that are programmed into the video board. The 11 fields are: field screen width screen height vertical refresh rate parameter format code pixel rate horizontal front porch horizontal sync width horizontal back porch vertical front porch vertical sync width vertical back porch units pixels pixels Hz NA, must be 0 MHz pixels pixels pixels scan lines scan lines scan lines You should not need to set the video timing fields; the PROM monitor has a table of values for the following formats/monitors: 1024x768 60 Hz 1024x768 72 Hz 1280x1024 60 Hz To select one of the table entries you only need to specify the first 3 fields. Any fields that are omitted are assumed to be zero. scsi_id Default is 7. Allows users to specify the CPU’s scsi_id on the SCSI bus; valid values are 0 through 7. The sprobe command, along with disk and tape drivers, also makes use of the scsi_id. On power-up, reset, or initialization of the system, if there is a warning of duplicated scsi_id on the console, use the sprobe command to verify the SCSI configuration (RC3x30 and 4000 systems only). Note: Make sure that none of the SCSI devices on the SCSI bus has the same target ID as the CPU scsi_id. PROM Monitor Reference 15 Table 7: PROM Monitor Environment Variables Variable scsi_reset Description Default is 1. Specifies whether the SCSI bus should be reset on power-up or reset of the system. When this variable is set to 0, no reset of the SCSI bus is performed. This should be used only in configurations with more than one RC3360, RC3350, RC3260, or 4000 systems on the SCSI bus and scsi_reset is set to 1 on at least one of the systems. Note: This variable should normally be set to 1. A value of 0 could result in a hung system during shutdown. special_6000 When bit zero is set, the I/O subsystem is not initialized by the PROM. The default value is 0x0. RC6260/6280/6380 only. use_ bootparams Specifies if the boot parameters should be used in determining the root and swap devices in a diskless operation (RC3360, RC3350, RC3260, RC3x30, and 4000 systems only). vendor Default is MIPS. A string that forms part of the monitor invocation message (not on M/120, RS2030, RC2030, or M/2000). version Indicates the version of the installed PROMs; it is used by the kernel to determine which PROMs are installed in the machine. This environment variable cannot be changed. ramprom Default is 1. If this variable is set to 1, the PROM monitor code is copied to the highest 256K byte of memory and executed out of RAM. This results in a higher execution speed during PROM monitor mode. For 4000 systems only. Updating PROMs You can update RISC/os or NT PROM software on the Magnum 4000 and Millenium 4000 systems as new software becomes available on distribution diskettes. You do not have to open the system’s cabinet and physically change the PROMs. For information on how to install new PROM software using a diskette, refer to the Release Notes that accompany the distribution media. 16 PROM Monitor Reference
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