Socket Programming In Python (Guide) – Real

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2/19/2019 Socket Programming in Python (Guide) – Real Pythonhttps://realpython.com/python-sockets/ 1/40Socket Programming in Python (Guide)by Nathan Jennings  Aug 01, 2018 23 Comments  advanced python web-devTable of ContentsBackgroundSocket API OverviewTCP SocketsEcho Client and ServerEcho ServerEcho ClientRunning the Echo Client and ServerViewing Socket StateCommunication BreakdownHandling Multiple ConnectionsMulti-Connection Client and ServerMulti-Connection ServerMulti-Connection ClientRunning the Multi-Connection Client and ServerApplication Client and ServerApplication Protocol HeaderSending an Application MessageApplication Message ClassRunning the Application Client and ServerTroubleshootingpingnetstatWindowsWiresharkReferencePython DocumentationErrorsSocket Address FamiliesUsing HostnamesBlocking CallsClosing ConnectionsByte EndiannessConclusion Improve Your Python
2/19/2019 Socket Programming in Python (Guide) – Real Pythonhttps://realpython.com/python-sockets/ 2/40Sockets and the socket API are used to send messages across a network. They provide a form of inter-processcommunication (IPC). The network can be a logical, local network to the computer, or one that’s physically connectedto an external network, with its own connections to other networks. The obvious example is the Internet, which youconnect to via your ISP.This tutorial has three dierent iterations of building a socket server and client with Python:1. We’ll start the tutorial by looking at a simple socket server and client.2. Once you’ve seen the API and how things work in this initial example, we’ll look at an improved version thathandles multiple connections simultaneously.3. Finally, we’ll progress to building an example server and client that functions like a full-fledged socketapplication, complete with its own custom header and content.By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand how to use the main functions and methods in Python’s socket moduleto write your own client-server applications. This includes showing you how to use a custom class to send messagesand data between endpoints that you can build upon and utilize for your own applications.The examples in this tutorial use Python 3.6. You can find the source code on GitHub.Networking and sockets are large subjects. Literal volumes have been written about them. If you’re new to sockets ornetworking, it’s completely normal if you feel overwhelmed with all of the terms and pieces. I know I did!Don’t be discouraged though. I’ve written this tutorial for you. As we do with Python, we can learn a little bit at a time.Use your browser’s bookmark feature and come back when you’re ready for the next section.Let’s get started!BackgroundSockets have a long history. Their use originated with ARPANET in 1971 and later became an API in the BerkeleySoware Distribution (BSD) operating system released in 1983 called Berkeley sockets.When the Internet took o in the 1990s with the World Wide Web, so did network programming. Web servers andbrowsers weren’t the only applications taking advantage of newly connected networks and using sockets. Client-server applications of all types and sizes came into widespread use.Today, although the underlying protocols used by the socket API have evolved over the years, and we’ve seen newones, the low-level API has remained the same.The most common type of socket applications are client-server applications, where one side acts as the server andwaits for connections from clients. This is the type of application that I’ll be covering in this tutorial. More specifically,we’ll look at the socket API for Internet sockets, sometimes called Berkeley or BSD sockets. There are also Unixdomain sockets, which can only be used to communicate between processes on the same host.Socket API OverviewPython’s socket module provides an interface to the Berkeley sockets API. This is the module that we’ll use anddiscuss in this tutorial.The primary socket API functions and methods in this module are:socket()bind()listen()accept() Improve Your PythonImprove Your Python...with a fresh 🐍PythonTrick💌  code snippet every couple of days:Email AddressReceive the Real Python newsletter and getnotified about new tutorials we publish onthe site, as well as occasional special oers.Send Python Tricks »

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