14julySTP21 1 Soldier's Manual Of Common Tasks Skill Level STP 21

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STP21-1-SMCT
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMY
CommonTasks
SkillLevel1
Soldier’sManualof
DISTRIBUTIONRESTRICTION:Approvedforpublicrelease;
distributionisunlimited.
AUGUST2003
This publication is available at Army
Knowledge OnLine (www.us.army.mil) and
the General Dennis J. Reimer Training and
Doctrine Digital Library at
(www.adtdl.army.mil)
*STP 21-1-SMCT
Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is
unlimited.
*This manual supersedes STP 21-1-SMCT, 1 October 1994.
i
Soldier Training Publication Headquarters
No. 21-1-SMCT Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 31 August 2003
SOLDIER'S MANUAL OF
COMMON TASKS
Skill Level 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ................................................................................................. vi
Chapter 1. Introduction........................................................................ 1-1
Chapter 2. Training Guide.................................................................... 2-1
Chapter 3. Skill Level 1 Tasks ............................................................. 3-1
Skill Level 1
Subject Area 1: Individual Conduct and Laws of War
181-101-1013 Comply with the Uniform Code of Military Justice
(UCMJ)....................................................................... 3-1
181-105-1001 Comply with the Law of War and the Geneva and
Hague Conventions ................................................. 3-16
224-176-1425 Interact with News Media......................................... 3-38
331-202-1049 Comply with the Requirements of the Code of
Conduct ................................................................... 3-39
805C-PAD-1245 Support Unit and Family Readiness Through the
Army Family Team Building (AFTB) Program.......... 3-43
805C-PAD-1391 Comply With the Army's Equal Opportunity and
Sexual Harassment Policies .................................... 3-49
Subject Area 2: First Aid
081-831-1000 Evaluate a Casualty ................................................. 3-52
081-831-1003 Perform First Aid to Clear an Object Stuck in the
Throat of a Conscious Casualty............................... 3-57
081-831-1005 Perform First Aid to Prevent or Control Shock ......... 3-59
081-831-1007 Perform First Aid for Burns....................................... 3-61
081-831-1008 Perform First Aid for Heat Injuries............................ 3-64
ii
081-831-1025 Perform First Aid for an Open Abdominal Wound .... 3-67
081-831-1026 Perform First Aid for an Open Chest Wound............ 3-69
081-831-1032 Perform First Aid for Bleeding of an Extremity ......... 3-72
081-831-1033 Perform First Aid for an Open Head Wound ............3-75
081-831-1034 Perform First Aid for a Suspected Fracture.............. 3-79
081-831-1042 Perform Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation.................... 3-83
081-831-1044 Perform First Aid for Nerve Agent Injury .................. 3-87
081-831-1045 Perform First Aid for Cold Injuries ............................ 3-97
081-831-1046 Transport a Casualty.............................................. 3-102
081-831-1053 Practice Individual Preventive Medicine
Countermeasures................................................... 3-110
Subject Area 3: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
031-503-1013 Decontaminate Yourself and Individual Equipment
Using Chemical Decontaminating Kits ................... 3-121
031-503-1015 Protect Yourself from NBC Injury/Contamination
with Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP)
Gear ....................................................................... 3-124
031-503-1017 Respond to Depleted Uranium............................... 3-128
031-503-1018 React to Nuclear Hazard/Attack............................. 3-130
031-503-1019 React to Chemical or Biological Hazard/Attack...... 3-132
031-503-1035 Protect Yourself from Chemical/Biological
Contamination Using Your Assigned Protective
Mask ...................................................................... 3-135
031-503-1036 Maintain Your Assigned Protective Mask............... 3-141
031-503-1037 Detect Chemical Agents Using M8 or M9 Detector
Paper ..................................................................... 3-143
Subject Area 4: Survive [Combat Techniques]
052-192-1042 Perform Self-Extraction from a Mined Area............ 3-146
052-192-1242 Locate Mine and Booby Trap Indicators by Visual
Means .................................................................... 3-162
071-326-0502 Move Under Direct Fire.......................................... 3-167
071-326-0503 Move Over, Through, or Around Obstacles
(Except Minefields)................................................. 3-176
071-326-0510 React to Indirect Fire While Dismounted................ 3-179
071-326-0511 React to Flares....................................................... 3-180
071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Positions...................... 3-182
071-326-3002 React to Indirect Fire While Mounted..................... 3-184
071-326-5703 Construct Individual Fighting Positions .................. 3-185
071-331-0815 Practice Noise, Light, and Litter Discipline ............. 3-195
071-331-1004 Perform Duty as a Guard ....................................... 3-197
071-410-0002 React to Direct Fire While Mounted ....................... 3-199
071-710-0006 Plan Use of Night Vision Devices........................... 3-200
093-401-5040 React to Unexploded Ordnance Hazards............... 3-202
551-88M-0005 Operate a Vehicle in a Convoy............................... 3-218
iii
Subject Area 5: Navigate
071-329-1006 Navigate from One Point on the Ground to
Another Point While Dismounted ........................... 3-224
071-329-1030 Navigate from One Point on the Ground to
Another Point While Mounted ................................ 3-234
Subject Area 6: Communicate
113-571-1022 Perform Voice Communications............................. 3-241
113-600-2001 Communicate Via a Tactical Telephone ................ 3-247
113-637-2001 Communicate Via a Tactical Radio in a Secure
Net ......................................................................... 3-249
Subject Area 7: See
071-331-0804 Perform Surveillance without the Aid of Electronic
Devices .................................................................. 3-250
071-730-0014 Identify Combat Vehicles ....................................... 3-254
Subject Area 8: Hand Grenades and Land Mines
071-325-4401 Perform Safety Checks on Hand Grenades........... 3-256
071-325-4407 Employ Hand Grenades......................................... 3-260
071-325-4425 Employ an M18A1 Claymore Mine......................... 3-262
Subject Area 9: M16-Series Rifle
071-008-0007 Engage Targets with an M16-Series Rifle Using
an AN/PAS-13 Series Thermal Weapon Sight ....... 3-275
071-311-2025 Maintain an M16-Series Rifle................................. 3-277
071-311-2027 Load an M16-Series Rifle ...................................... 3-303
071-311-2028 Unload an M16-Series Rifle ................................... 3-311
071-315-2308 Engage Targets with an M16-Series Rifle Using a
Night Vision Sight AN/PVS-4 ................................. 3-313
Subject Area 10: M240B Machine Gun
071-000-0005 Prepare a Range Card for a Machine Gun ............ 3-317
071-025-0001 Maintain an M240B Machine Gun.......................... 3-326
071-025-0003 Load an M240B Machine Gun ............................... 3-334
071-025-0004 Unload an M240B Machine Gun............................ 3-336
071-025-0007 Engage Targets with an M240B Machine Gun....... 3-337
Subject Area 11: M249 Machine Gun
071-010-0006 Engage Targets with an M249 Machine Gun......... 3-341
071-312-4025 Maintain an M249 Machine Gun ............................ 3-351
071-312-4027 Load an M249 Machine Gun.................................. 3-375
071-312-4028 Unload an M249 Machine Gun .............................. 3-379
Subject Area 12: M60 Machine Gun
071-312-3025 Maintain an M60 Machine Gun .............................. 3-381
071-312-3027 Load an M60 Machine Gun.................................... 3-397
iv
071-312-3028 Unload an M60 Machine Gun ................................ 3-399
071-312-3031 Engage Targets with an M60 Machine Gun ........... 3-401
Subject Area 13: MK19 Machine Gun
071-030-0001 Maintain an MK19 Machine Gun............................ 3-407
071-030-0004 Engage Targets with an MK19 Machine Gun......... 3-431
071-030-0005 Load an MK19 Machine Gun ................................. 3-440
071-030-0006 Unload an MK19 Machine Gun .............................. 3-445
071-030-0007 Perform a Function Check on an MK19 Machine
Gun ........................................................................ 3-449
Subject Area 14: Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun
071-022-0001 Maintain a Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun ................ 3-451
071-022-0003 Load a Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun...................... 3-487
071-022-0004 Unload a Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun .................. 3-488
071-313-3454 Engage Targets with a Caliber .50 M2 Machine
Gun ........................................................................ 3-490
Subject Area 15: M136 Launcher
071-054-0001 Prepare an M136 Launcher for Firing ....................3-501
071-054-0002 Restore an M136 Launcher to Carrying
Configuration.......................................................... 3-507
Subject Area 16: M203 Grenade Launcher
071-311-2125 Maintain an M203 Grenade Launcher.................... 3-509
071-311-2127 Load an M203 Grenade Launcher ......................... 3-516
071-311-2128 Unload an M203 Grenade Launcher...................... 3-518
071-311-2129 Correct Malfunctions of an M203 Grenade
Launcher ................................................................ 3-519
071-311-2130 Engage Targets with an M203 Grenade Launcher. 3-521
Subject Area 17: M4 Carbine
071-100-0003 Engage Targets with an M4 or M4A1 Carbine ....... 3-528
071-100-0004 Maintain an M4 or M4A1 Carbine........................... 3-530
Subject Area 18: 9mm Pistol
071-004-0001 Maintain an M9 Pistol............................................. 3-538
071-004-0003 Load an M9 Pistol .................................................. 3-546
071-004-0004 Unload an M9 Pistol ............................................... 3-547
071-004-0006 Engage Targets with an M9 Pistol.......................... 3-548
Subject Area 19: Crowd Control
191-376-4121 Use a Riot Baton.................................................... 3-558
191-376-4122 Position Yourself in Riot Control Formations.......... 3-568
Subject Area 20: Casualty Reporting and Handling
101-515-1997 Inter Isolated Remains (After Receiving
Authorization)......................................................... 3-576
v
101-515-1998 Evacuate Isolated Remains ................................... 3-577
101-515-1999 Recover Isolated Remains..................................... 3-579
Subject Area 21: Defense Measures
052-191-1361 Camouflage Yourself and Your Individual
Equipment.............................................................. 3-582
052-191-1362 Camouflage Equipment ......................................... 3-588
191-376-4114 Control Entry to and Exit from a Restricted Area ... 3-591
301-371-1000 Report Intelligence Information .............................. 3-593
301-371-1050 Implement Operations Security (OPSEC)
Measures ............................................................... 3-595
Appendix A Proponent or Agency Codes...................................A-1
Appendix B Guide to Forms ........................................................B-1
Appendix C Land Navigation Supporting Tasks........................C-1
Glossary....................................................................................Glossary-1
References............................................................................References-1
vi
PREFACE
This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications that support
individual training. Commanders, trainers, and soldiers will use this manual
and STP 21-24-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Levels 2, 3,
and 4, to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of common
tasks in units.
This manual contains a common task training plan for skill levels (SL) 1
through 4 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support
unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these
common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common
tasks appearing in MOS-specific soldier's manuals.
Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included.
Trainers and first-line supervisors should ensure SL 1 soldiers have access
to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries.
This manual applies to both active and reserve component soldiers.
Unless this manual states otherwise, masculine pronouns do not refer
exclusively to men.
The proponent of this publication is the Commander, United States Army
Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), with the Commander, United
States Army Training Support Center (ATSC) designated as the principle
publishing, printing and distribution agency. Proponents for the specific
tasks are the Army schools and agencies as identified by the school code,
listed at appendix A. This code consists of the first three digits of the task
identification number. All comments, suggestions, and recommended
changes to this publication should be submitted as follows:
Record any comments or questions regarding the task summaries contained
in this manual on a DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications
and Blank Forms) and send it to the respective task proponent with
information copies forwarded to: Commander, U.S. Army Training and
Doctrine Command, ATTN: ATTG-I, Fort Monroe, VA 23651-5000, and
Commander, U.S. Army Training Support Center, ATTN: ATIC-ITSC-CM,
Fort Eustis, VA 23604-5166.
vii
SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING THE AUGUST 2003 SMCT
5” X 7” Format. Beginning with the August 2003 revisions, both the STP
21-1-SMCT and STP 21-24-SMCT are printed in 5”x7” format, following the
very favorable acceptance of previous skill level 1 SMCTs which inaugurated
the “pocket-size” manuals. This, however, has precluded incorporating full-
size reproducible forms at the end of the books. Instead, a Guide to Forms
(Appendix B) is now provided which, in the online versions of the new
manuals, contains electronic links to the downloadable, reproducible forms.
Where online access is not available, the soldier’s unit often has hard copies
of the forms, or can obtain them.
Land navigation skills and knowledge, for common tasks 071-329-1006,
Navigate from One Point on the Ground to Another Point While Dismounted,
and 071-329-1030, Navigate from One Point on the Ground to Another Point
While Mounted are grouped in Appendix C, identified by the grey-edged
pages near the end of this manual.
Task 052-192-1135, Locate Mines by Probing. Performance standards for
this task are now incorporated into task 052-192-1042, Perform Self-
Extraction from a Mined Area. These standards are further updated from the
18 March 03 revision of Locate Mines by Probing.
Task 071-730-0014, Identify Combat Vehicles. This task, uniquely,
incorporates a Windows-based online option (ROC-V, Recognition of
Combat Vehicles) for training and testing soldiers. In addition to teaching
thermal and visual identification cues of vehicles and practical use of thermal
sensor image controls, the program ensures identification standards are
current, irrespective of print date of this manual. Refer to the Evaluation
Preparation section of this task for instructions on accessing the ROC-V
program.
viii
SPECIAL NOTE FROM THE STAFF
CONCERNING THE REVISED SMCT
Experienced trainers will notice that, in addition to the numerous new tasks
in the revised SMCT, there are many tasks for which the skill level has been
lowered from that in the past. This reflects results from the recent survey of
approximately 19,000 enlisted soldiers, their commanders, and senior
leaders, to determine who was actually performing certain tasks, and the
amount of learning that was actually filtering down in the “one room
schoolhouse” of the working Army. When it was established that a
significant percentage of soldiers were performing those tasks at skill levels
that were above their own, it was decided to lower the task designation,
giving trainers—and the Army—the full advantage of accelerated learning at
every level. This SMCT, if anything, reflects back to its users a faithfulness
to this spirit of Army training from whom it derived, an allegiance and
gratitude to the profession and legacy of every United States Army soldier.
Thank you.
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
United States Army Training Support Center
1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction to the SMCT System
1-1. GENERAL
Training prepares soldiers, leaders, and units to fight and win in combat—
the Army's basic mission. As explained in the Army's CAPSTONE training
document, FM 7-0 Training the Force, units do not have the time and
resources to achieve and sustain proficiency on every possible training task.
Commanders must identify the unit's critical wartime tasks. These tasks
make up the unit's Mission Essential Task List (METL). Commanders use
this list to develop their unit training plan. Noncommissioned Officer (NCO)
trainers then plan the individual training that soldiers in the unit need to
accomplish the METL. The soldier training publications (STP), also known
as soldier's manuals (SMs), provide the critical individual tasks for each
military occupational specialty (MOS) that support the unit's full spectrum of
missions. The NCO trainer uses the tasks in the SMs to train the soldiers
and measure the soldier's proficiency on these unit critical tasks. The
manuals provide task performance and evaluation criteria and are the basis
for individual training and evaluation in the unit and for task-based evaluation
during resident training.
1-2. PURPOSE
The Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks (SMCT), Skill Level (SL) I, contains
the common tasks that are essential to the Army's ability to win on the
modern battlefield. In the event of war, regardless of job or individual MOS,
each soldier risks exposure to hostile actions. This manual contains the
common tasks that soldiers must be able to perform to fight, survive, and win
in combat.
The SMCT provides the commander, NCO trainer or first-line supervisor,
and individual soldiers with the information necessary to support integration
and sustainment training in their units. This information allows trainers to
plan, prepare, train, evaluate, and monitor individual training of common
tasks. Using the appropriate mission training plan (MTP), MOS specific
STPs, and this manual, will help provide the foundation for an effective unit
training plan.
1-3. COMMANDER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
The commander at each level develops a unit METL in consultation with the
command sergeant major and subordinate commanders. Using the Training
Planning Process described in FM 7-0, the commander develops the METL
and then determines the level of training needed to attain and maintain
proficiency. After determining the necessary training, the commander
1-2
develops a strategy to accomplish the required training. The commander
also gives his or her trainers the guidance they need to carry out this
strategy. Each commander must design a unit training plan that prepares
the unit for the full spectrum of operations. Soldiers must develop and
sustain proficiency in the critical tasks for their MOS and skill level. The
commander's unit training program should provide individual training for all
soldiers assigned to the unit and routinely evaluate soldier proficiency. The
leader's assessment and the Common Task Test (CTT) are two tools that
give the trainer and commander feedback on the status of training for
individuals and for the unit. This feedback should also be integrated with
collective training such as the MTP and crew drills. The Common Task
Training Plan, located in Chapter 2, provides information on where the
common tasks are first trained to standard and how often the tasks should
be trained to maintain proficiency.
Based on the commander's guidance, individual training in the unit is the
responsibility of the NCO trainers. The commander must give the NCO
trainer the priorities, resources, and direction needed to carry out training.
He or she must also assess the training results of the MTP and other training
events, and adjust the training plan accordingly. To develop a training
program, we recommend the following seven-step approach:
Step 1. Set the objectives for training.
Step 2. Plan the resources (personnel, time, funds, facilities, devices,
training aids).
Step 3. Train the trainers.
Step 4. Provide the resources.
Step 5. Manage risks, environmental and safety considerations.
Step 6. Conduct the training.
Step 7. Evaluate the results.
1-4. TRAINER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Trainers use the steps below to plan and evaluate training.
a. Identify individual training requirements. The NCO determines
which tasks soldiers need to train based on the commander's training
strategy. The unit's training plan, METL, MTP, and the Common Task
Training Plan (Chapter 2) are sources for helping the trainer define the
individual training needed.
b. Plan the training. Plan individual training based on the unit’s training
plan. Be prepared to take advantage of opportunities to conduct individual
training (“hip pocket” training).
c. Gather the training references and materials. The task summaries
list references that can assist the trainer in preparing for the training of that
1-3
task. Check the Reimer Digital Library to see if any new resources have
been added.
d. Manage risks and environmental and safety concerns. Assess the
risks involved in training a specific task under the conditions current at the
time you are scheduled to train and implement controls, if necessary, to
lessen the risk level. Ensure that your training preparation takes into
account those cautions, warnings, and dangers associated with each task as
well as environmental and safety concerns.
e. Train each soldier. Show the soldier how to do the task to standard
and explain step-by-step how to do the task. Give each soldier a chance to
practice the task step-by-step.
f. Emphasize training in Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP)
Level 4 clothing. Soldiers have difficulty performing even very simple tasks
in a nuclear/chemical environment. The combat effectiveness of the soldier
and the unit can degrade quickly when trying to perform in MOPP 4.
Practice is the best way to improve performance. The trainer is responsible
for training and evaluating soldiers in MOPP 4 so that they are able to
perform critical tasks to standards within a nuclear/chemical environment.
g. Check each soldier. Evaluate how well each soldier performs the
tasks in this manual. Conduct these evaluations during individual training
sessions or while evaluating individual proficiency during the conduct of unit
collective tasks. This manual provides a training and evaluation guide for
each task to enhance the trainer's ability to conduct year-round, hands-on
evaluations of tasks critical to the unit's mission. Use the information in the
Common Task Training Plan as a guide to determine how often to train the
solder on each task to maintain proficiency.
h. Record the results. Use the leader book referred to in FM 7-10 to
record task performance. This gives the leader total flexibility on the method
of recording training. The trainer may use DA Form 5164-R (Hands-on
Evaluation} and DA Form 5165-R (Field Expedient Squad Book} as part of
the leader book. These forms are optional and locally reproducible. More
information on the use of these forms is provided in Appendix B of this
manual.
i. Retrain and evaluate. Work with each soldier until the individual
performs the task to standard. Well-planned, integrated training increases
the professional competence of each soldier and contributes to the
development of an efficient unit. The NCO or first-line supervisor is a vital
link in the conduct of training.
1-5. SOLDIER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Each soldier must be able to perform the individual tasks that the first-line
supervisor has identified based on the unit's METL. The soldier must
perform the task to the standard listed in the SMCT. If a soldier has a
1-4
question about how to do a task, or which tasks in this manual he or she
must perform, it is the soldier's responsibility to go to the first-line supervisor
for clarification. The first-line supervisor knows how to perform each task or
can direct the soldier to the appropriate training materials. Additionally, each
soldier should—
a. Know the training progression for both the common critical tasks
and their MOS specific critical tasks for their skill level. Lists of the critical
tasks can be found in Chapter 2 of this manual (for common tasks) and the
STP for their specific MOS (MOS specific tasks).
b. Check the Reimer Digital Library for new training materials to
support self-development either to maintain previously trained tasks or to
learn new tasks.
1-6. TASK SUMMARIES
Task summaries document the performance requirements of a critical
common task. They provide the soldier and the trainer with the information
necessary to evaluate critical tasks. The format for the task summaries is—
a. Task Title. The task title identifies the action to be performed.
b. Task Number. A l0-digit number that identifies each task. The first
three digits of the number represent the proponent code for that task. (A list
of the proponent codes is given in Appendix A.) Include the entire 10-digit
task number, along with the task title, in any correspondence relating to the
task.
c. Conditions. The task conditions identify all the equipment, tools,
materials, references, job aids, and supporting personnel that the soldier
needs to perform the task. This section identifies any environmental
conditions that can alter task performance such as visibility, temperature, or
wind. This section also identifies any specific cues or events (for example, a
chemical attack or identification of an unexploded ordnance hazard) that
trigger task performance.
d. Standard. A task standard specifies the requirements for task
performance by indicating how well, completely, or accurately a product
must be produced, a process must be performed, or both. Standards are
described in terms of accuracy, tolerances, completeness, format, clarity,
number of errors, quantity, sequence, or speed of performance.
e. Training and Evaluation Guide. This section has two parts. The first
part, Performance Steps, lists the individual steps that the soldier must
complete to perform the task. The second part is the Performance
Evaluation Guide. This provides guidance on how to evaluate a soldier’s
performance of the task. It is composed of three subsections. The
Evaluation Preparation subsection identifies special setup procedures and, if
required, instructions for evaluating the task performance. Sometimes the
conditions and standard must be modified so that the task can be evaluated
1-5
in a situation that does not exactly duplicate actual field performance. This
subsection may also include instructions that the evaluator should give to the
soldier before the performance test. The Performance Measures subsection
identifies the criteria for acceptable task performance. The soldier is rated
(GO/NO GO) on how well he or she performs specific actions or produces
specific products. As indicated in the Evaluation Guidance subsection, the
soldier must score a GO on all or specified performance measures to
receive a GO on the task.
f. References. This section identifies references that provide more
detailed and thorough explanations of task performance requirements than
that given in the task summary description. This section identifies resources
the soldier can use to improve or maintain performance.
Additionally, task summaries can include safety statements, environmental
considerations, and notes. Safety statements (danger, warning, caution)
alert users to the possibility of immediate death, personal injury, or damage
to equipment. Notes provide additional information to support task
performance.
1-7. EVALUATING TASK PERFORMANCE
Trainers need to keep the following points in mind when preparing to
evaluate their soldiers—
a. Review the performance measures to become familiar with the
criteria on which the soldier will be scored.
b. Ensure that all necessary equipment and clothing needed for proper
performance of the job are on hand at the training site. Don’t forget to
include safety equipment.
c. Prepare the test site according to the conditions section of the task
summary. Some tasks contain special evaluation preparation instructions.
These instructions tell the trainer what modifications must be made to the job
conditions to evaluate the task. Reset the site to its original condition after
evaluating each soldier to ensure that the conditions are the same for each
soldier.
d. Advise each soldier of any special guidance that appears in the
Evaluation Preparation section of the task summary before evaluating.
e. Score each soldier based on the information in the Performance
Measures and Evaluation Guidance sections.
f. Record the date and task performance score ("GO" or "NO GO") in
the Leader Book.
1-6
1-8. TRAINING TIPS FOR TRAINERS
a. Prepare yourself:
(1) Get training guidance from your chain of command on when to
train, which soldiers to train, the availability of resources, and a training site.
(2) Get task conditions and standards from the task summary in this
manual.
(3) Ensure that you can do the task. Review the task summary and
the references in the reference section. Practice doing the task or, if
necessary, have someone train you on the task.
b. Prepare the resources:
(1) Obtain the required resources as identified in the conditions
statement for each task and/or modified in the Training and Evaluation
Guide.
(2) Gather the equipment and ensure that it is operational.
(3) Prepare a training outline consisting of informal notes on what
you want to cover during your training session.
(4) Practice your training presentation.
(5) Coordinate for the use of training aids and devices.
(6) Prepare the training site using the conditions statement as
modified in the Training and Evaluation Guide.
c. Prepare the soldiers:
(1) Tell the soldier what task to do and how well it must be done.
Refer to the task standard and the performance measures for the task, as
appropriate.
(2) Caution soldiers about safety, environment, and security
considerations.
(3) Provide any necessary training on basic skills that soldiers must
have before they can be trained on the task.
(4) Test each soldier to determine who needs training in what areas
by having the soldier perform the task.
d. Train soldiers who fail the initial test:
(1) Demonstrate how to do the task or the specific performance
steps to those soldiers who could not perform to standard. Have the soldiers
study the appropriate training materials.
(2) Have the soldiers practice the task until they can perform it to
standard.
(3) After remedial training, retest each solider who did not initially
pass the performance test.
1-7
(4) Provide feedback to those soldiers who fail to perform to the
SMCT standards, and have them continue to practice until they can perform
to the SMCT standards.
(5) Record the results in the Leader Book.
1-9. TRAINING SUPPORT: THIS MANUAL INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
THAT PROVIDE ADDITIONAL TRAINING SUPPORT INFORMATION.
a. Appendix A - Proponent School and Agency Codes guide, lists the
task proponents and agency codes (first three digits of the task number) with
addresses for submitting comments concerning specific tasks in this manual.
b. Appendix B - Guide to Forms, explains the use of various SMCT
training and evaluation forms and, in the online version of this manual,
provides links to the forms.
c. Appendix C - Land Navigation Skills and Knowledge, provides
additional training support related to the two land navigation tasks in Subject
Area 5 (Navigate).
d. Glossary - The Glossary section lists abbreviations and acronyms
and their definitions.
e. References - The Reference section lists all reference materials
cited in the task summaries by type, identification number, and title.
Note: Combine training on the individual tasks contained in this manual with the
collective tasks contained in the MTP. Ensure that the necessary safety equipment
and clothing needed for proper performance of the job are on hand at the training site.
2-1
Chapter 2
Training Guide
2-1. COMMON TASK TRAINING PLAN
The Common Task Training Plan provides information to help the trainer
plan, prepare, train, evaluate, and monitor individual training in units. It lists,
by general subject area and skill level, the critical common tasks soldiers
must perform, the initial training location, and a suggested frequency of
training. The training location column uses brevity codes to indicate where
the task is first taught to standards. If the task is taught in the unit the word
“UNIT” appears in this column. “SD” indicates tasks trained via self-
development media. If it is taught in the training base, the brevity code
(BCT, OSUT, AIT) of the resident course appears. Brevity codes and
resident courses are listed below.
ANCOC Advanced NCO Course
BNCOC Basic NCO Course
PLDC Primary Leadership Development Course
BCT Basic Combat Training
OSUT One Station Unit Training
AIT Advanced Individual Training
UNIT Trained in/by the Unit
SD Self-Development Training
The sustainment training column lists how often (frequency) soldiers should
train on the task to ensure they maintain their proficiency. This information
is not a requirement, but rather a guide the commander can use to develop a
comprehensive unit training plan. The commander, with the unit trainers, is
in the best position to determine on which tasks and how often soldiers need
training to maintain unit readiness.
Frequency Codes
AN Annually
SA Semi-Annually
QT Quarterly
2-2
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Skill Level 1
Subject Area 1. Individual Conduct and Laws of War
181-101-1013 Comply with the Uniform
Code of Military Justice
(UCMJ)
BCT/OSUT AN
181-105-1001 Comply with the Law of
War and the Geneva and
Hague Conventions
BCT/OSUT AN
224-176-1425 Interact with News Media BCT/OSUT AN
331-202-1049 Comply with the
Requirements of the Code
of Conduct
BCT/OSUT AN
805C-PAD-1245 Support Unit and Family
Readiness Through the
Army Family Team
Building (AFTB) Program
BCT/OSUT AN
805C-PAD-1391 Comply with the Army's
Equal Opportunity and
Sexual Harassment
Policies
BCT/OSUT AN
Subject Area 2. First Aid
081-831-1000 Evaluate a Casualty BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1003 Perform First Aid to Clear
an Object Stuck in the
Throat of a Conscious
Casualty
BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1005 Perform First Aid to
Prevent or Control Shock BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1007 Perform First Aid for Burns BCT/OSUT AN
2-3
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
081-831-1008 Perform First Aid for Heat
Injuries UNIT AN
081-831-1025 Perform First Aid for an
Open Abdominal Wound UNIT AN
081-831-1026 Perform First Aid for an
Open Chest Wound UNIT AN
081-831-1032 Perform First Aid for
Bleeding of an Extremity BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1033 Perform First Aid for an
Open Head Wound BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1034 Perform First Aid for a
Suspected Fracture BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1042 Perform Mouth-to-Mouth
Resuscitation BCT/OSUT SA
081-831-1044 Perform First Aid for Nerve
Agent Injury BCT/OSUT QT
081-831-1045 Perform First Aid for Cold
Injuries UNIT AN
081-831-1046 Transport a Casualty BCT/OSUT AN
081-831-1053 Practice Individual
Preventive Medicine
Countermeasures
BCT/OSUT SA
Subject Area 3. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
031-503-1013 Decontaminate Yourself
and Individual Equipment
Using Chemical
Decontaminating Kits
BCT/OSUT AN
2-4
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
031-503-1015 Protect Yourself from NBC
Injury/Contamination with
Mission-Oriented
Protective Posture (MOPP)
Gear
BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1017 Respond to Depleted
Uranium BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1018 React to Nuclear
Hazard/Attack BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1019 React to Chemical or
Biological Hazard/Attack BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1035 Protect Yourself from
Chemical/Biological
Contamination Using Your
Assigned Protective Mask
BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1036 Maintain Your Assigned
Protective Mask BCT/OSUT AN
031-503-1037 Detect Chemical Agents
Using M8 or M9 Detector
Paper
BCT/OSUT AN
Subject Area 4. Survive (Combat Techniques)
052-192-1042 Perform Self-Extraction
from a Mined Area AIT QT
052-192-1242 Locate Mine and Booby
Trap Indicators by Visual
Means
AIT AN
071-326-0502 Move Under Direct Fire BCT/OSUT SA
071-326-0503 Move Over, Through, or
Around Obstacles (Except
Minefields)
BCT/OSUT SA
2-5
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
071-326-0510 React to Indirect Fire While
Dismounted BCT/OSUT SA
071-326-0511 React to Flares BCT/OSUT SA
071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting
Positions BCT/OSUT SA
071-326-3002 React to Indirect Fire While
Mounted UNIT AN
071-326-5703 Construct Individual
Fighting Positions BCT/OSUT SA
071-331-0815 Practice Noise, Light, and
Litter Discipline BCT/OSUT SA
071-331-1004 Perform Duty as a Guard BCT/OSUT AN
071-410-0002 React to Direct Fire While
Mounted UNIT AN
071-710-0006 Plan Use of Night Vision
Devices UNIT SA
093-401-5040 React to Unexploded
Ordnance Hazards UNIT SA
551-88M-0005 Operate a Vehicle in a
Convoy UNIT SA
Subject Area 5. Navigate
071-329-1006 Navigate from One Point
on the Ground to Another
Point While Dismounted
BCT/OSUT SA
071-329-1030 Navigate from One Point
on the Ground to Another
Point While Mounted
UNIT SA
2-6
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 6. Communicate
113-571-1022 Perform Voice
Communications BCT/OSUT SA
113-600-2001 Communicate Via a
Tactical Telephone BCT/OSUT AN
113-637-2001 Communicate Via a
Tactical Radio in a Secure
Net
BCT/OSUT AN
Subject Area 7. See
071-331-0804 Perform Surveillance
without the Aid of
Electronic Devices
UNIT SA
071-730-0014 Identify Combat Vehicles UNIT SA
Subject Area 8. Hand Grenades and Land Mines
071-325-4401 Perform Safety Checks on
Hand Grenades BCT/OSUT SA
071-325-4407 Employ Hand Grenades BCT/OSUT SA
071-325-4425 Employ an M18A1
Claymore Mine BCT/OSUT QT
Subject Area 9. M16-Series Rifle
071-008-0007 Engage Targets with an
M16-Series Rifle Using an
AN/PAS-13 Series
Thermal Weapon Sight
BCT/OSUT AN
071-311-2025 Maintain an M16-Series
Rifle BCT/OSUT SA
071-311-2027 Load an M16-Series Rifle BCT/OSUT SA
2-7
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
071-311-2028 Unload an M16-Series
Rifle BCT/OSUT SA
071-315-2308 Engage Targets with an
M16-Series Rifle Using a
Night Vision Sight
AN/PVS-4
BCT/OSUT QT
Subject Area 10. M240B Machine Gun
071-000-0005 Prepare a Range Card for
a Machine Gun UNIT SA
071-025-0001 Maintain an M240B
Machine Gun AIT QT
071-025-0003 Load an M240B Machine
Gun AIT QT
071-025-0004 Unload an M240B Machine
Gun AIT QT
071-025-0007 Engage Targets with an
M240B Machine Gun AIT QT
Subject Area 11. M249 Machine Gun
071-010-0006 Engage Targets with an
M249 Machine Gun BCT/OSUT AN
071-312-4025 Maintain an M249 Machine
Gun BCT/OSUT QT
071-312-4027 Load an M249 Machine
Gun BCT/OSUT AN
071-312-4028 Unload an M249 Machine
Gun BCT/OSUT AN
Subject Area 12. M60 Machine Gun
071-312-3025 Maintain an M60 Machine
Gun UNIT SA
2-8
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
071-312-3027 Load an M60 Machine Gun UNIT SA
071-312-3028 Unload an M60 Machine
Gun UNIT SA
071-312-3031 Engage Targets with an
M60 Machine Gun UNIT SA
Subject Area 13. MK19 Machine Gun
071-030-0001 Maintain an MK19 Machine
Gun UNIT AN
071-030-0004 Engage Targets with an
MK19 Machine Gun UNIT AN
071-030-0005 Load an MK19 Machine
Gun UNIT AN
071-030-0006 Unload an MK19 Machine
Gun UNIT AN
071-030-0007 Perform a Function Check
on an MK19 Machine Gun UNIT AN
Subject Area 14. Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun
071-022-0001 Maintain a Caliber .50 M2
Machine Gun UNIT QT
071-022-0003 Load a Caliber .50 M2
Machine Gun UNIT QT
071-022-0004 Unload a Caliber .50 M2
Machine Gun UNIT QT
071-313-3454 Engage Targets with a
Caliber .50 M2 Machine
Gun
UNIT QT
2-9
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 15. M136 Launcher
071-054-0001 Prepare an M136
Launcher for Firing BCT/OSUT AN
071-054-0002 Restore an M136 Launcher
to Carrying Configuration BCT/OSUT AN
Subject Area 16. M203 Grenade Launcher
071-311-2125 Maintain an M203 Grenade
Launcher BCT/OSUT QT
071-311-2127 Load an M203 Grenade
Launcher BCT/OSUT QT
071-311-2128 Unload an M203 Grenade
Launcher BCT/OSUT QT
071-311-2129 Correct Malfunctions of an
M203 Grenade Launcher BCT/OSUT QT
071-311-2130 Engage Targets with an
M203 Grenade Launcher BCT/OSUT QT
Subject Area 17. M4 Carbine
071-100-0003 Engage Targets with an
M4 or M4A1 Carbine UNIT AN
071-100-0004 Maintain an M4 or M4A1
Carbine UNIT AN
Subject Area 18. 9-mm Pistol
071-004-0001 Maintain an M9 Pistol UNIT AN
071-004-0003 Load an M9 Pistol UNIT AN
071-004-0004 Unload an M9 Pistol UNIT AN
071-004-0006 Engage Targets with an
M9 Pistol UNIT AN
2-10
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 19. Crowd Control
191-376-4121 Use a Riot Baton BCT/OSUT QT
191-376-4122 Position Yourself in Riot
Control Formations BCT/OSUT QT
Subject Area 20. Casualty Reporting and Handling
101-515-1997 Inter Isolated Remains
(After Receiving
Authorization)
BCT/OSUT SA
101-515-1998 Evacuate Isolated
Remains BCT/OSUT SA
101-515-1999 Recover Isolated Remains BCT/OSUT SA
Subject Area 21. Defense Measures
052-191-1361 Camouflage Yourself and
Your Individual Equipment BCT/OSUT QT
052-191-1362 Camouflage Equipment UNIT SA
191-376-4114 Control Entry to and Exit
from a Restricted Area BCT/OSUT SA
301-371-1000 Report Intelligence
Information BCT/OSUT AN
301-371-1050 Implement Operations
Security (OPSEC)
Measures
UNIT AN
2-11
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Skill Level 2
Subject Area 1. Individual Conduct and Laws of War
181-101-2023 Enforce the Uniform
Code of Military Justice
(UCMJ)
PLDC AN
181-105-2001 Enforce the Law of War
and the Geneva and
Hague Conventions
UNIT AN
181-105-2002 Conduct Combat
Operations According to
the Law of War
UNIT AN
224-176-2426 Enforce Compliance
with Media Ground
Rules
UNIT SA
331-202-1050 Enforce Compliance
with the Code of
Conduct
UNIT AN
805C-PAD-2503 Enforce Compliance
with the Army's Equal
Opportunity and Sexual
Harassment Policies
PLDC QT
Subject Area 2. First Aid
081-831-0101 Request Medical
Evacuation PLDC AN
081-831-1054 Evacuate Casualties PLDC SA
081-831-9000 Implement Preventive
Medicine Measures
(PMM)
PLDC SA
2-12
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 3. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
031-503-1023 Protect Yourself from
Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical (NBC)
Injury/Contamination
When Changing
Mission-Oriented
Protective Posture
(MOPP) Gear
UNIT SA
031-503-2001 Identify Chemical
Agents Using M256-
Series Chemical Agent
Detector Kit
UNIT SA
031-503-2023 Measure Radiation
Dose Rate and Total
Dose
UNIT SA
031-503-3002 Conduct Unmasking
Procedures UNIT SA
031-503-3004 Supervise the Crossing
of a Contaminated Area UNIT SA
031-503-3005 Submit an NBC 1
Report UNIT SA
031-503-3008 Implement Mission-
Oriented Protective
Posture (MOPP)
UNIT SA
031-503-3010 Supervise the
Employment of Nuclear,
Biological, and
Chemical (NBC)
Markers
UNIT AN
2-13
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
031-503-4002 Supervise Unit
Preparation for a
Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical (NBC) Attack
UNIT AN
031-506-1053 Report NBC Information
Using NBC 4 Report UNIT SA
031-506-2061 Conduct a Mask Fit
Test UNIT QT
Subject Area 4. Survive (Combat Techniques)
061-283-6003 Adjust Indirect Fire UNIT QT
071-326-0608 Use Visual Signaling
Techniques PLDC SA
071-326-5704 Supervise Construction
of a Fighting Position PLDC AN
071-326-5705 Establish an
Observation Post PLDC AN
Subject Area 5. Navigate
071-329-1019 Use a Map Overlay UNIT QT
Subject Area 20. Casualty Reporting and Handling
805C-PAD-2060 Report Casualties UNIT SA
Subject Area 21. Defense Measures
071-430-0002 Conduct a Defense by a
Squad PLDC SA
Subject Area 22. Unit Operations
071-326-5502 Issue a Fragmentary
Order PLDC QT
2-14
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
071-326-5503 Issue a Warning Order PLDC QT
551-88N-0002 Prepare for Unit Move UNIT QT
Subject Area 23. Security and Control
301-371-1200 Process Captured
Materiel UNIT AN
Subject Area 25. Equipment Checks
091-CLT-4029 Supervise Preventive
Maintenance Checks
and Services (PMCS)
PLDC QT
101-92Y-0003 Enforce Compliance
with Supply Discipline
Procedures
PLDC SA
101-92Y-0004 Enforce Property
Accountability Policies PLDC SA
101-92Y-0005 Enforce Compliance
with Property
Accountability Policies
PLDC SA
101-92Y-0006 Inspect Equipment for
Accountability,
Cleanliness, and
Serviceability
UNIT QT
Subject Area 27. Risk Management
850-001-2000 Employ Accident
Prevention Measures
and Risk Management
Process
PLDC QT
2-15
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 28. Administration/Management
805C-PAD-2044 Recommend Individual
for Award PLDC QT
805C-PAD-2145 Counsel a Soldier on
the Contents of a
Noncommissioned
Officer Evaluation
Report and NCOER
Checklist
PLDC QT
805C-PAD-2146 Prepare the Rater's
Portion of a
Noncommissioned
Officer Evaluation
Report (NCOER)
PLDC AN
805C-PAD-2402 Provide Input on
Personnel Actions
Affecting Subordinates
PLDC QT
805C-PAD-2407 Recommend
Disciplinary Action for a
Soldier
PLDC AN
805C-PAD-2461 Maintain Accountability
of Personnel (Status
Report)
UNIT SA
805C-PAD-2472 Prepare a Duty Roster UNIT AN
Skill Level 3
Subject Area 1. Individual Conduct and Laws of War
805C-PAD-3238 Enforce the Equal
Opportunity Program BNCOC QT
2-16
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 4. Survive (Combat Techniques)
052-192-4053 Supervise Minefield
Breaching Operations UNIT SA
071-410-0012 Conduct Occupation of
an Assembly Area BNCOC SA
071-420-0021 Conduct a Movement to
Contact by a Platoon BNCOC SA
071-430-0028 Consolidate a Unit BNCOC SA
071-430-0029 Reorganize a Unit BNCOC SA
Subject Area 5. Navigate
071-332-5000 Prepare an Operation
Overlay BNCOC QT
Subject Area 19. Crowd Control
191-378-4302 Form Squad-Size Riot
Control Formations UNIT AN
Subject Area 21. Defense Measures
052-195-3066 Direct Construction of
Nonexplosive Obstacles UNIT AN
071-410-0019 Control Organic Fires UNIT SA
441-091-3000 Supervise the
Implementation of Air
Defense Measures
UNIT AN
Subject Area 22. Unit Operations
071-326-3013 Conduct a Tactical
Road March BNCOC QT
2-17
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
071-326-5805 Conduct a Route
Reconnaissance
Mission
UNIT QT
071-332-5021 Prepare a Situation
Map UNIT QT
071-720-0015 Conduct an Area
Reconnaissance by a
Platoon
UNIT QT
101-92Y-0002 Plan Tactical Resupply
Operations BNCOC SA
301-371-1150 Identify Intelligence and
Electronic Warfare
(IEW) Assets
BNCOC AN
551-88M-0001 Lead a Convoy
Serial/March Unit UNIT SA
551-88N-0003 Plan Unit Move UNIT SA
Subject Area 23. Security and Control
191-379-4407 Plan Convoy Security
Operations
UNIT QT
301-371-1052 Protect Classified
Information and
Material
UNIT AN
805C-PAD-3594 Store Classified
Information and
Materials
UNIT AN
2-18
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 24. Enemy Personnel
191-379-4450 Supervise Handling of
Enemy Personnel and
Equipment at Squad
Level
UNIT AN
Subject Area 27. Risk Management
850-001-3001 Control Mission Safety
Hazard UNIT QT
Subject Area 28. Administration/Management
805C-PAD-3147 Prepare the Senior
Rater's Portion of a
Noncommissioned
Officer Evaluation
Report (NCOER)
UNIT AN
Skill Level 4
Subject Area 2. First Aid
081-831-1047 Supervise the
Implementation of
Preventive Medicine
Policies
UNIT AN
081-831-1055 Ensure Unit Combat
Lifesaver Requirements
Are Met
UNIT SA
Subject Area 4. Survive (Combat Techniques)
071-326-5775 Coordinate with an
Adjacent Platoon ANCOC QT
101-CLT-0198 Supervise Tactical
Feeding Operation UNIT QT
2-19
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 19. Crowd Control
191-379-5400 Form the Platoon into a
Riot Control Formation UNIT SA
Subject Area 21. Defense Measures
071-430-0006 Conduct a Defense by a
Platoon ANCOC QT
Subject Area 22. Unit Operations
091-CLT-3009 Supervise Maintenance
Operations ANCOC QT
101-92Y-0001 Supervise Supply
Activities UNIT QT
151-357-0001 Supervise CSS
Functions During
Platoon Operations
ANCOC AN
151-357-0002 Coordinate Combat
Service Support (CSS)
Operations
ANCOC AN
159-200-2020 Integrate Threat
Capabilities into Mission
Planning
ANCOC QT
181-101-4001 Conduct a
Search/Seizure ANCOC SA
551-721-4326 Perform Duties as
Convoy Commander UNIT SA
2-20
Common Task Training Plan
Task Number Title
Training
Location
Sustainment
Training
Frequency
Subject Area 23. Security and Control
191-379-4408 Plan Security for a
Command Post (CP)
UNIT SA
Subject Area 26. Crime Prevention
191-379-4425 Implement the Unit's
Crime Prevention
Program
UNIT AN
Subject Area 27. Risk Management
850-001-4001 Integrate Risk
Management into
Platoon
ANCOC QT
Subject Area 28. Administration/Management
805C-PAD-4359 Manage Soldier's
Deployment
Requirements
UNIT SA
805C-PAD-4550 Prepare a Standing
Operating Procedure
(SOP)
ANCOC SA
805C-PAD-4597 Integrate Newly
Assigned Soldiers UNIT QT
2-21
2-2. SUBJECT AREA CODES.
Skill Level 1
1 Individual Conduct and Laws of War
2 First Aid
3 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
4 Survive (Combat Techniques)
5 Navigate
6 Communicate
7 See
8 Hand Grenades and Land Mines
9 M16-Series Rifle
10 M240B Machine Gun
11 M249 Machine Gun
12 M60 Machine Gun
13 MK19 Machine Gun
14 Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun
15 M136 Launcher
16 M203 Grenade Launcher
17 M4 Carbine
18 9mm Pistol
19 Crowd Control
20 Casualty Reporting and Handling
21 Defense Measures
2-22
Table 2-1. Subject Areas in the Soldiers Manuals of Common Tasks
Note. Columns at right indicate subject areas included in each manual, by skill
level. STP 21-1-SMCT STP 21-24-SMCT
Subject Area SL 1 SL 2 SL 3 SL 4
1 Individual Conduct and Laws
of War
2 First Aid
3 Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical (NBC)
4 Survive (Combat Techniques)
5 Navigate
6 Communicate
7 See
8 Hand Grenades and Land
Mines
9 M16-Series Rifle
10 M240B Machine Gun
11 M249 Machine Gun
12 M60 Machine Gun
13 MK19 Machine Gun
14 Caliber .50 M2 Machine Gun
15 M136 Launcher
16 M203 Grenade Launcher
17 M4 Carbine
18 9-mm Pistol
19 Crowd Control
20 Casualty Reporting and
Handling
21 Defense Measures
22 Unit Operations
23 Security and Control
24 Enemy Personnel
25 Equipment Checks
26 Crime Prevention
27 Risk Management
28 Administration/Management
Skill Level 1 181-101-1013 3-1
Chapter 3
Skill Level 1 Tasks
Skill Level 1
SUBJECT AREA 1: INDIVIDUAL CONDUCT AND LAWS OF WAR
181-101-1013
Comply With the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
Conditions: You are a soldier in the U.S. Army. You are responsible for
identifying, understanding, and complying with the provisions of the U.S.
Army's military justice system, including the Uniform Code of Military Justice
(UCMJ). You must understand the ramifications you might face for violating
the UCMJ, your commander's disciplinary options, and your legal rights in
these proceedings.
Standards: The soldier identified, understood, and complied with the
provisions of the U.S. Army's military justice system, including UCMJ. He
understood the potential ramifications for violating the UCMJ, the
commander's disciplinary options, and his legal rights in these proceedings.
Performance Steps
1. Define military justice.
2. Describe the military justice system.
a. Describe the purpose of the military justice system.
b. Describe the similarities and differences between the military justice
system and the American civil legal system.
c. Describe the UCMJ and identify to whom it applies.
3. Identify who has authority to take disciplinary action against a soldier
for misconduct.
4. Describe a commander's responsibility to conduct a preliminary
investigation into misconduct allegedly committed by a soldier under his
command.
a. Describe the basis and procedures of a commander's inquiry.
b. Describe the basis and procedures of an AR 15-6 investigation.
c. Describe the requirement for the military police or Criminal
Investigation Command (CID) to conduct a criminal investigation.
5. List the disciplinary options available to the commander.
3-2 181-101-1013
Performance Steps
a. Describe how a commander can take no action at all or close a
case.
b. Describe how a commander can use administrative or nonpunitive
measures.
(1) List administrative or nonpunitive disciplinary measures
available to a commander.
(2) Describe why a commander may wish to use nonpunitive or
administrative disciplinary measures rather than impose nonjudicial
punishment or proceed to court-martial.
c. Define nonjudicial punishment and how a commander can use
nonjudicial punishment.
d. Define judicial punishment and how a commander can use judicial
punishment.
6. List factors a commander should consider when determining what
disciplinary option to pursue.
a. Describe whether a commander should consider the character and
military service of the accused.
b. Describe whether a commander should consider the nature and
circumstances of the offense and the extent of the harm caused.
c. Describe whether a commander should consider the needs of the
service and the probable effect of his decision on the command and the
military community.
d. Describe whether a commander should consider the disposition of
similar offenses in the past and the general disciplinary trends within the
command.
e. Describe whether a commander should consider the
appropriateness of the authorized punishment to the particular accused
and offense.
f. Describe whether a commander should determine whether he has
jurisdiction over the accused and the offense.
g. Describe whether a commander should consider the availability and
admissibility of evidence against the accused.
h. Describe whether a commander should consider the cooperation of
the accused in the apprehension or conviction of others.
i. Describe whether a commander should consider the possible
improper motives of the accuser.
j. Describe whether a commander should consider that the victim or
others are reluctant to testify.
181-101-1013 3-3
Performance Steps
7. Describe nonpunitive or administrative disciplinary actions.
a. Define an admonition or reprimand.
(1) Describe the purposes of an admonition or reprimand.
(2) Describe whether an admonition or reprimand may be in writing,
orally, or both.
(3) Describe the soldier's legal rights in regards to an admonition or
reprimand.
(4) Describe the commander's filing determination for a written
admonition or reprimand.
(5) Describe whether an administrative admonition or reprimand is
punitive.
b. Define counseling of a soldier.
(1) Describe the purpose for counseling.
(2) Describe whether counseling may be written, oral, or both.
(3) Describe the soldier's rights during counseling.
(4) Describe where a commander may file a written counseling
statement.
c. Define withholding a soldier's privileges as an administrative
disciplinary action.
(1) Describe the purpose for withholding privileges.
(2) Describe what privileges may be withheld and under what
circumstances.
d. Define extra duty as an administrative disciplinary action.
(1) Describe the purpose of extra duty.
(2) Describe what forms or methods of extra duty may be imposed
and under what circumstances.
(3) Describe the requirement that extra duty be tailored to address
training deficiency, not used as punishment.
e. Define administrative separations.
(1) List administrative separations available under AR 635-200.
(2) Describe the purposes for an administrative separation action.
(3) Describe the procedures for an administrative separation action.
(4) Describe the circumstances under which a soldier is entitled to
an administrative separation board.
(a) Describe the composition of an administrative separation
board.
3-4 181-101-1013
Performance Steps
(b) Describe the duties and responsibilities of an administrative
separation board.
(5) Describe a soldier's right to legal counsel for consultation and/or
representation during an administrative separation action.
(6) Describe the types of discharges a soldier may receive from an
administrative separation action.
(7) Identify the approval authority for an administrative separation
action.
8. Describe nonjudicial, or Article 15, punishment.
a. List who may impose nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment.
(1) Define who constitutes a "commander".
(2) Describe a superior commander's authority to withhold
nonjudicial or Article 15 authority over specific offenses or persons.
(3) Describe the prohibition against a superior commander directing
a subordinate commander to take action under Article 15 or dictating to the
subordinate commander the type or quantity of punishment to be
administered under Article 15.
b. Describe the circumstances under which a commander may wish to
impose nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment.
c. Describe the advantages of disposing of offenses by imposing
nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment.
d. Describe offenses for which a Commander may impose nonjudicial
or Article 15 punishment.
e. Define a "minor" offense under the UCMJ.
f. Define a "summarized" Article 15 and a "formal" Article 15.
g. List the procedures and maximum punishment that may be imposed
by a summarized Article 15.
h. Define a "company grade" Article 15 and a "field grade" Article 15.
i. Describe an accused soldier's legal rights under nonjudicial or
Article 15 punishment, including the right to consultation or representation
by a defense counsel.
j. Describe a soldier's right to turn down an Article 15 and demand
trial by court-martial and the time period in which the soldier must make
that decision.
k. Describe the procedures of a nonjudicial or Article 15 hearing.
l. Describe the “standard of proof” required when imposing nonjudicial
or Article 15 punishment.
181-101-1013 3-5
Performance Steps
m. Describe the maximum punishments that may be imposed by a
company grade or field grade Article 15.
n. Describe a soldier's appellate rights subsequent to an Article 15
action.
(1) Describe who serves as the appellate authority.
(2) Describe the time period to act on an appeal.
(3) Describe the actions that the appellate authority may take.
9. Define "preferral" of court-martial charges.
a. Identify who may prefer a court-martial charge.
b. Describe the requirement and procedures typically used to notify
the accused of the charges as soon as possible after preferral.
10. Define "pretrial restraint" of a soldier.
a. Define the purposes of pretrial restraint.
b. List the types of restraint.
(1) Define apprehension and its purpose.
(a) List who is authorized to apprehend persons subject to the
UCMJ.
(b) List the factors that must be present and later articulated in
order to properly apprehend a person subject to the UCMJ.
(2) Define conditions on liberty and its purpose.
(3) Define restriction, its purpose, and whether a soldier may be
required to perform military duties while on restriction.
(4) Define arrest, its purpose, and the differences between arrest
and restriction.
(5) Define confinement and its purpose.
(a) Define the factors that must exist in order to properly place
a soldier in pretrial confinement.
(b) Identify who has the authority to place a soldier in pretrial
confinement.
(c) Describe the review and approval procedures for pretrial
confinement.
11. Define "referral" of court-martial charges and identify who may refer a
court-martial charge.
12. Define "convening authority" for a court-martial and identify the duties
and responsibilities of a convening authority.
13. List the different levels of courts-martial.
3-6 181-101-1013
Performance Steps
a. Define a summary court-martial.
(1) Identify who is the convening authority for a summary court-
martial.
(2) Describe the types of offenses that are typically handled by a
summary court-martial.
(3) Describe the types of offenses for which soldiers may be tried
by a summary court-martial.
(4) Describe whether a military judge presides at a summary court-
martial.
(5) Describe the presiding official at a summary court-martial.
(6) Describe whether a jury or panel exists at a summary court-
martial.
(7) Describe whether an accused is entitled to be represented by
defense counsel at a summary court-martial.
(8) Describe the requirement for a soldier to consent to trial by
summary court-martial.
(9) Describe what happens if an accused refuses trial by summary
court-martial.
(10) Describe the procedures of a summary court-martial.
(11) Describe the standard of proof for conviction at a summary
court-martial.
(12) Identify who must establish or meet the standard of proof.
(13) Describe the maximum punishment that a summary court-
martial may impose.
(14) Describe the appellate rights of a soldier tried and convicted
by a summary court-martial.
b. Define a special court-martial.
(1) Identify who is the convening authority for a special court-
martial.
(2) Describe what soldiers may be tried by a special court-martial.
(3) Describe whether a military judge presides at a special court-
martial.
(4) Describe the duties and responsibilities of a military judge at a
special court-martial.
(5) Describe whether a jury or panel exists at a special court-
martial and its composition.
181-101-1013 3-7
Performance Steps
(a) Describe the duties and responsibilities of a jury or panel at
a special court-martial.
(b) Describe the minimum number of jury or panel members.
(6) Describe whether an accused is entitled to be represented by
defense counsel at a special court-martial.
(7) Describe the requirement for a trial counsel to represent the
U.S. Government at a special court-martial.
(8) Describe the procedures of a special court-martial.
(9) Describe the Standard of Proof for conviction at a special court-
martial and identify who must establish or meet this standard of proof.
(10) Describe the maximum punishment that a special court-martial
may impose.
(11) Describe a soldier's appellate rights if convicted by a special
court-martial.
(12) Describe the differences between a special court-martial and a
special court-martial empowered to adjudge a bad conduct
discharge.
c. Define a general court-martial.
(1) Identify who convenes a general court-martial.
(2) Describe what soldiers may be tried by a general court-martial.
(3) Describe what types of offenses are typically tried by a general
court-martial.
(4) Describe the requirement and procedures for a pre-trial
investigation, or Article 32 investigation, prior to convening a general court-
martial.
(5) Describe whether a military judge presides at a General Court-
Martial.
(6) Describe the duties and responsibilities of a military judge at a
General Court-Martial.
(7) Describe whether a jury or panel exists at a general court-
martial and its composition.
(a) Describe the duties and responsibilities of a jury or panel at
a general court-martial.
(b) Describe the minimum number of panel or jury members.
(8) Describe whether an accused is entitled to be represented by
defense counsel at a general court-martial.
3-8 181-101-1013
Performance Steps
(9) Describe the requirement for a trial counsel to represent the
U.S. Government at a general court-martial.
(10) Describe the procedures of a general court-martial.
(11) Describe the standard of proof required for conviction at a
general court-martial and identify who must establish or meet this Standard
of Proof.
(12) Describe the maximum punishment that a general court-martial
may impose.
(13) Describe a soldier's appellate rights if convicted by a general
court-martial.
Evaluation Preparation: Setup: Evaluate this task at the end of military
justice training.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier that he will be evaluated on his ability to
identify, understand, and comply with the provisions of the U.S. Army's
military justice system, including the UCMJ. Tell the soldier that he will also
be evaluated on his ability to understand the potential ramifications for
violating the UCMJ, the commander's disciplinary options, and the soldier's
legal rights in these proceedings.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Defined military justice. —— ——
2. Described the military justice system. —— ——
a. Described the purpose of the military justice
system.
b. Described the similarities and differences
between the military justice system and the American
civil legal system.
c. Described the UCMJ and to whom it applies.
3. Identified who has authority to take disciplinary action
against a soldier for misconduct. —— ——
4. Described a commander's responsibility to conduct a
preliminary investigation into misconduct allegedly
committed by a soldier under his command. —— ——
a. Described the basis and procedures of a
commander's inquiry.
b. Described the basis and procedures of an
AR 15-6 investigation.
181-101-1013 3-9
Performance Measures GO NO GO
c. Described the requirement for the military police
or Criminal Investigation Command (CID) to conduct a
criminal investigation.
5. Listed the disciplinary options available to the
commander. —— ——
a. Described how a commander can take no action
at all or close a case.
b. Described how a commander can use
administrative or nonpunitive measures.
(1) Listed administrative or nonpunitive
disciplinary measures available to a commander.
(2) Described why a commander may wish to use
nonpunitive or administrative disciplinary measures
rather than impose nonjudicial punishment or proceed to
court-martial.
c. Defined nonjudicial punishment and how a
commander can use nonjudicial punishment.
d. Defined judicial punishment and how a
commander can use judicial punishment.
6. Listed factors a commander should consider when
determining what disciplinary option to pursue. —— ——
a. Described whether a commander should consider
the character and military service of the accused.
b. Described whether a commander should consider
the nature and circumstances of the offense and the
extent of the harm caused.
c. Described whether a commander should consider
the needs of the service and the probable effect of his
decision on the command and the military community.
d. Described whether a commander should consider
the disposition of similar offenses in the past and the
general disciplinary trends within the command.
e. Described whether a commander should consider
the appropriateness of the authorized punishment to the
particular accused and offense.
f. Described whether a commander should
determine whether he has jurisdiction over the accused
and the offense.
3-10 181-101-1013
Performance Measures GO NO GO
g. Described whether a commander should consider
the availability and admissibility of evidence against the
accused.
h. Described whether a commander should consider
the cooperation of the accused in the apprehension or
conviction of others.
i. Described whether a commander should consider
the possible improper motives of the accuser.
j. Described whether a commander should consider
that the victim or others are reluctant to testify.
7. Described nonpunitive or administrative disciplinary
actions. —— ——
a. Defined an admonition or reprimand.
(1) Described the purposes of an admonition or
reprimand.
(2) Described whether an admonition or
reprimand may be written, oral, or both.
(3) Described the soldier's legal rights in regards
to an admonition or reprimand.
(4) Described the commander's filing
determination for a written admonition or reprimand.
(5) Described whether an administrative
admonition or reprimand is punitive.
b. Defined counseling of a soldier.
(1) Described the purpose of counseling.
(2) Described whether counseling may be
written, oral, or both.
(3) Described the soldier's rights during
counseling.
(4) Described where a commander may file a
written counseling statement.
c. Defined withholding a soldier's privileges as an
administrative disciplinary action.
(1) Described the purpose for withholding
privileges.
(2) Described what privileges may be withheld
and under what circumstances.
181-101-1013 3-11
Performance Measures GO NO GO
d. Defined extra duty as an administrative
disciplinary action.
(1) Described the purpose of extra duty.
(2) Described what forms or methods of extra
duty may be imposed and under what circumstances.
(3) Described the requirement that extra duty be
tailored to address the training deficiency, not used as
punishment.
e. Defined administrative separations.
(1) Listed administrative separations available
under AR 635-200.
(2) Described the purposes for an administrative
separation action.
(3) Described the procedures for an
administrative separation action.
(4) Described the circumstances under which a
soldier is entitled to an administrative separation board.
(a) Described the composition of an
administrative separation board.
(b) Described the duties and responsibilities
of an administrative separation board.
(5) Described a soldier's right to legal counsel for
consultation and/or representation during an
administrative separation action.
(6) Described the types of discharges a soldier
may receive from an administrative separation action.
(7) Identified the approval authority for an
administrative separation action.
8. Described nonjudicial, or Article 15, punishment. —— ——
a. Listed who may impose nonjudicial or Article 15
punishment.
(1) Defined who constitutes a "commander."
(2) Described a superior commander's authority
to withhold nonjudicial or Article 15 authority over
specific offenses or persons.
3-12 181-101-1013
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(3) Described the prohibition against a superior
commander directing a subordinate commander to take
action under Article 15 or dictating to the subordinate
commander the type or quantity of punishment to be
administered under Article 15.
b. Described the circumstances under which a
commander may impose nonjudicial or Article 15
punishment.
c. Described the advantages of disposing of
offenses by imposing nonjudicial or Article 15
punishment.
d. Described for which offenses a commander may
impose nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment.
e. Defined a "minor" offense under the UCMJ.
f. Defined a "summarized" Article 15 and a "formal"
Article 15.
g. Listed the procedures and maximum punishment
that may be imposed by a summarized Article 15.
h. Defined a "company grade" Article 15 and a "field
grade" Article 15.
i. Described an accused soldier's legal rights under
nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment, including the right to
consultation or representation by a defense counsel.
j. Described a soldier's right to turn down an Article
15 and demand trial by court-martial and the time period
in which a soldier must make that decision.
k. Described the procedures of a nonjudicial or
Article 15 hearing.
l. Described the standard of proof required when
imposing nonjudicial or Article 15 punishment.
m. Described the maximum punishments that may
be imposed by a company grade or field grade
Article 15.
n. Described a soldier's appellate rights subsequent
to an Article 15 hearing.
(1) Described who serves as the appellate
authority.
(2) Described the time to act on an appeal.
181-101-1013 3-13
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(3) Described the actions that the appellate
authority may take.
9. Defined "preferral" of court-martial charges. —— ——
a. Identified who may prefer a court-martial charge.
b. Described the requirement and procedures
typically used to notify the accused of the charges as
soon as possible after preferral.
10. Defined "pretrial restraint" of a soldier. —— ——
a. Defined the purposes of pretrial restraint.
b. Listed the types of restraint.
(1) Defined apprehension and its purpose.
(a) Listed who is authorized to apprehend
persons subject to the UCMJ.
(b) Listed the factors that must be present
and later articulated in order to properly apprehend a
person subject to the UCMJ.
(2) Defined conditions on liberty and its purpose.
(3) Defined restriction, its purpose, and whether a
soldier may be required to perform military duties while
on restriction.
(4) Defined arrest, its purpose, and the
differences between arrest and restriction.
(5) Defined confinement and its purpose.
(a) Defined the factors that must exist in
order to properly place a soldier in pretrial confinement.
(b) Identified who has the authority to place
a soldier in pretrial confinement.
(c) Described the review and approval
procedures for pretrial confinement.
11. Defined "referral" of court-martial charges and
identified who may refer a court-martial charge. —— ——
12. Defined "convening authority" for a court-martial and
identified the duties and responsibilities of a convening
authority.
—— ——
13. Listed the different levels of courts-martial. —— ——
3-14 181-101-1013
Performance Measures GO NO GO
a. Defined a summary court-martial.
(1) Identified the convening authority for a
summary court-martial.
(2) Described what types of offenses are typically
handled by a summary court-martial.
(3) Described what soldiers may be tried by a
summary court-martial.
(4) Described whether a military judge presides
at a summary court-martial.
(5) Described the presiding official is at a
summary court-martial.
(6) Described whether a jury or panel exists at a
summary court-martial.
(7) Described whether an accused is entitled to
be represented by defense counsel at a summary court-
martial.
(8) Described the requirement for a soldier to
consent to trial by summary court-martial.
(9) Described what happens if an accused
refuses trial by summary court-martial.
(10) Described the procedures of a summary
court-martial.
(11) Described the standard of proof for
conviction at a summary court-martial.
(12) Identified who must establish or meet this
standard of proof.
(13) Described the maximum punishment that a
summary court-martial may impose.
(14) Described the appellate rights of a soldier
tried and convicted by a summary court-martial.
b. Defined a special court-martial.
(1) Identified the convening authority for a special
court-martial.
(2) Described what soldiers may be tried by a
special court-martial.
(3) Described whether a military judge presides
at a special court-martial.
181-101-1013 3-15
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(4) Described the duties and responsibilities of a
military judge at a special court-martial.
(5) Described whether a jury or panel exists at a
special court-martial and its composition.
(a) Described the duties and responsibilities
of a jury or panel at a special court-martial.
(b) Described the minimum number of jury or
panel members.
(6) Described whether an accused is entitled to
be represented by defense counsel at a special court-
martial.
(7) Described the requirement for a trial counsel
to represent the U.S. Government at a special court-
martial.
(8) Described the procedures of a special court-
martial.
(9) Described the standard of proof for conviction
at a special court-martial and identified who must
establish or meet this standard of proof.
(10) Described the maximum punishment that a
special court-martial may impose.
(11) Described the appellate rights of a soldier's
convicted by a special court-martial.
(12) Described the differences between a special
court-martial and a special court-martial empowered to
adjudge a bad conduct discharge.
c. Defined a general court-martial.
(1) Identified who convenes a general court-
martial.
(2) Described what soldiers may be tried by a
general court-martial.
(3) Described what types of offenses are typically
tried by a general court-martial.
(4) Described the requirement and procedures
for a pre-trial investigation, or Article 32 investigation,
prior to convening a general court-martial.
(5) Described whether a military judge presides
at a general court-martial.
3-16 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(6) Described the duties and responsibilities of a
military judge at a general court-martial.
(7) Described whether a jury or panel exists at a
general court-martial and its composition.
(a) Described the duties and responsibilities
of a jury or panel at a general court-martial.
(b) Described the minimum number of panel
or jury members.
(8) Described whether an accused is entitled to
be represented by a defense counsel at a general court-
martial.
(9) Described the requirement for a trial counsel
to represent the U.S. Government at a general court-
martial.
(10) Described the procedures of a general court-
martial.
(11) Described the standard of proof required for
conviction at a general court-martial and identified who
must establish or meet this standard of proof.
(12) Described the maximum punishment that a
general court-martial may impose.
(13) Described a soldier's appellate rights if
convicted by a general court-martial.
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References:
Required
AR 15-6
181-105-1001
Comply with the Law of War and the Geneva and Hague Conventions
Conditions: You are a soldier in the U.S. Army. You are responsible for
identifying, understanding, and complying with the provisions of the Law of
War, including the Geneva and Hague conventions. You are also
181-105-1001 3-17
responsible for identifying and notifying the appropriate authorities of any
suspected or known violations of the Law of War.
Standards: The soldier identified, understood, and complied with the Law of
War. Identified problems or situations that violate the policies and took
appropriate action, including notifying appropriate authorities, so expedient
action could be taken to correct the problem or situation.
Performance Steps
1. Define the Customary Law of War.
a. Describe the purpose and result of the Customary Law of War.
b. Describe the relationship between the Customary Law of War and
the Hague Convention and Geneva Convention.
2. Describe what the Hague and Geneva conventions basically represent.
3. Describe the U.S. responsibility to comply with the Hague and Geneva
conventions.
4. Describe the Customary Law of War and Hague Convention's
limitations on targets.
a. Describe the international law prohibition on targeting or attacking
civilians.
b. Describe the Hague regulations prohibition on the destruction or
seizure of enemy property unless imperatively demanded by military
necessity.
c. Describe the Hague Regulation provisions regarding attacking a
military target or a place occupied by a combatant force.
d. Describe the Hague Regulation prohibition against attacking an
undefended town, village, dwellings, buildings, or other such place.
(1) Define an undefended place within the meaning of the Hague
Convention.
(2) Describe the conditions that must exist for a place to be
considered undefended.
(3) Describe the effect of medical units, wounded and sick, and
police forces within the undefended place on the character or status of the
undefended place.
e. Describe the permissibility of attacking or bombarding defended
places.
(1) Define what constitutes a defended place.
(2) Describe the status (defended or undefended) of a city or town
surrounded by detached defense positions.
f. Describe what constitutes a permissible military objective for attack,
including bombardment.
3-18 181-105-1001
Performance Steps
g. Describe the relationship between military necessity versus
unnecessary suffering or destruction.
h. Describe the protections afforded buildings dedicated to religion,
art, science, or charitable purposes, or historic monuments during an
attack or bombardment.
i. Describe the effect on protected status afforded buildings dedicated
to religion, art, science, or charitable purposes, or historic monuments if
these buildings are being used for military purposes.
j. Describe the protections afforded hospitals and other places where
the sick and wounded are collected during an attack or bombardment.
(1) Describe the effect on this protected status if enemy soldiers
are the sick and wounded inside these hospitals or medical areas.
(2) Describe the effect on this protected status if these hospitals or
medical areas are being used for military purposes.
k. Describe what may constitute an illegal trick or method or
treacherous act under the Law of War in regards to permissible targets.
l. Describe why illegal tricks or methods or treacherous acts are
prohibited.
m. Describe the legality of incidental damage to surrounding buildings
during an attack on a legitimate target.
5. Describe the Customary Law of War and Hague Regulation prohibitions
on the use of certain types of weapons.
a. Describe the Hague Regulation prohibitions against the
employment of arms, material, or projectiles designed to cause
unnecessary suffering.
b. Describe the possibility of a soldier violating the law of war by using
an issued weapon in an illegal manner.
c. Describe the Hague Regulation prohibition on the use in war of
poison or poisoned weapons against human beings.
d. Describe the 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibition regarding the use of
asphyxiating, poisonous, or other gases, and the bacteriological methods
of warfare in war.
e. Describe the 1925 Geneva Protocol ban on the use of chemical
weapons in war.
(1) Describe the U.S. prohibition on the first use of chemical
weapons in war.
181-105-1001 3-19
Performance Steps
(2) Describe the U.S. reservation to use chemical weapons against
a state if that state fails to respect the Geneva Protocol ban on the use of
chemical weapons.
(3) Define a lethal agent and describe how this Geneva Protocol
applies to a lethal agent.
(4) Define what constitutes an incapacitating agent and describe
how this Geneva Protocol applies to an incapacitating agent.
(5) Describe the U.S. position that the Geneva Protocol does not
prohibit the use of either chemical herbicides or riot control agents in war.
(a) Describe the U.S. unilateral renouncement of first use of
herbicides in war and exception to this policy.
(b) Describe the U.S. policy regarding first use of riot-control
agents in war.
(c) Describe the requirement for presidential approval prior to
use of herbicides or riot-control agents in armed conflict.
(6) Describe the U.S. position regarding the initial or retaliatory use
of bacteriological methods of warfare.
(7) Describe the 1925 Geneva Protocol position regarding the use
of smoke and incendiary materials in war.
(8) Describe international law position regarding the use of nuclear
weapons by air, sea, or land forces.
6. Describe the rules of the Customary Law of War and Geneva
Convention of 1949 governing the humane treatment of noncombatants.
a. Define who constitutes a noncombatant.
b. Define what constitutes humane treatment.
c. Describe what acts are strictly prohibited against noncombatants.
d. Describe what constitutes humane treatment of prisoners of war.
(1) Describe how all captured persons are entitled to be treated as
prisoners of war until their actual status is determined.
(2) Describe the requirement to evacuate all captured or detained
persons to a detainee collection point.
(3) Describe what persons determine a captured or detained
person status.
(4) Describe the Geneva Convention relative to the treatment of
prisoners of war prohibition on the use of physical force, mental torture, or
coercion to obtain information.
3-20 181-105-1001
Performance Steps
(5) Describe what information the 1949 Geneva Prisoner of War
Convention requires a prisoner of war to provide his captor.
(6) Describe what actions a captor or detaining power may take
against a prisoner of war who refuses to answer questions, and give the
practical reasons for this policy.
(7) Describe the required treatment of prisoners of war in regards
to—
(a) Daily food and living quarters.
(b) Medical care.
(c) Personal hygiene.
(d) Exercise or observance of religious faith.
(e) Retention of personal property.
(f) Receive and send mail.
(g) Having a prisoner representative.
(h) Maintaining a chain of command.
(i) Requirement to work.
(8) Describe a prisoner of war responsibility to obey lawful camp
rules and disciplinary actions that may be taken against the prisoner of war
for violation of these rules.
e. Describe what constitutes the humane treatment of the wounded
and sick.
(1) Describe the applicability of Article 14 of the Geneva
Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in
the armed forces in the field, and what it provides regarding the prisoner of
war status of wounded and sick of a belligerent who falls into enemy
hands.
(2) Describe what Article 12 of the Geneva Wounded and Sick
Convention provides regarding protection and treatment of members of the
armed forces who are wounded or sick.
(3) Describe the requirement to leave medical personnel and
material behind to care for wounded and sick.
(4) Describe the protections afforded medical personnel.
(a) Describe how these protections apply to military medics.
(b) Describe how these protections apply to medical staff
exclusively engaged in the administration of medical units and
establishments.
181-105-1001 3-21
Performance Steps
(c) Describe how these protections apply to chaplains attached
to the armed forces.
(d) Describe how these protections apply to staff of national
Red Cross societies and other voluntary aid organizations.
(5) Describe the status of captured full-time medical personnel as
prisoners of war or retained personnel.
(a) Describe the right of retained medical personnel to perform
medical duties.
(b) Describe the right and time limitation of the detaining power
to retain full-time medical personnel under the Wounded and Sick Geneva
Convention.
(c) Describe the requirement and procedures the detaining
power must follow to return retained medical personnel to their own side.
(d) Describe the relationship of the Geneva Convention to
prisoners of war and retained personnel.
(e) Describe the requirement of retained personnel to follow
the captor's internal disciplinary system of the camp at which they are
detained.
(6) Describe the status and protections afforded members of the
armed forces specially trained for employment as hospital orderlies,
nurses, or bearers of auxiliary stretchers.
(a) Describe the individual status of prisoners of war versus
retained personnel.
(b) Describe the individual rights regarding return to their own
side.
(c) Describe the individual rights regarding work or duties while
in the prisoner of war camp.
(7) Describe the status and protections afforded members of
recognized aid societies of neutral countries that lend assistance of their
medical personnel and units to a party to the conflict.
(a) Describe what consent, authorization, and control
mechanism are required in order for these individuals to assist a party to
the conflict.
(b) Describe what notification requirements are necessary in
order for these individuals to assist a party to the conflict.
(c) Describe the captor's right to detain these individuals and
the requirement to return them to their own side.
3-22 181-105-1001
Performance Steps
(d) Describe what work these individuals may perform while
detained.
(8) Describe the protected status of medical property, material, and
equipment under the Geneva Wounded and Sick Convention.
(a) Describe the circumstances under which fixed medical
establishments and mobile units of the medical service may be attacked.
(b) Describe the duty to ensure medical establishments and
units are not situated near military objectives.
(c) Describe the relationship between protections afforded
medical establishments and incidental damage, injury, or death to patients
or personnel.
(d) Describe the possible loss of its protected status if fixed
medical establishments and mobile medical units are used to commit acts
harmful to the enemy.
(e) Describe the requirement for the enemy to warn the
medical establishment prior to the loss of its protected status.
(f) Describe that only after the enemy provides such warning,
and the warning remains unheeded, will the protection of the medical
establishment lapse.
(g) Describe circumstances that do not deprive a medical unit
or establishment of its protection.
(h) Describe whether medical personnel being armed and
using these arms to defend themselves and the sick and wounded
deprives the medical unit or establishment of its protection.
(i) Describe whether the medical unit or establishment being
protected by a picket, sentries, or an escort in the absence of armed
orderlies deprives the medical unit or establishment of its protection.
(j) Describe whether the establishment or medical unit is
deprived of its protection if small arms or ammunition taken from the
wounded and sick and not yet turned over to the proper service are found
on the medical unit or establishment.
(k) Describe whether personnel from the medical unit or
establishment providing humanitarian care to the civilian wounded or sick
deprive the medical unit or establishment of its protection.
(l) Describe the provisions of the Geneva Wounded and Sick
Convention regarding the establishment of hospital zones and localities in
order to shield the wounded and sick from the impact of war.
181-105-1001 3-23
Performance Steps
(m) Describe the enemy's obligation to restore medical
buildings to the other side, and the ownership of captured medical material,
stores, and equipment.
(n) Describe a commander's authority to use medical buildings
for other than medical purposes, in cases of urgent military necessity.
(o) Describe the private property status and the right of
requisition of real and personal property of aid societies.
(p) Describe the protected status of medical aircraft.
(q) Define what constitutes a medical aircraft.
(r) Describe the requirement for medical aircraft to fly at
heights and times, and on routes specifically agreed upon between the
conflicting parties.
(s) Describe the required protective markings that must be
displayed on medical aircraft.
(t) Describe the prohibition against medical aircraft flying over
enemy territory or enemy-occupied territory.
(u) Describe the requirement for medical aircraft to land, upon
request from the enemy.
(v) Describe the right of medical aircraft to continue their flight
after examination by the enemy.
(w) Describe the prisoner of war status of the wounded and
sick and the aircraft crew captured by the enemy after an involuntary
landing of the medical aircraft because of mechanical failure or inclement
weather.
(x) Describe the emblem or distinctive sign of the medical
service of an armed force.
(y) Describe what other medical service emblems are
recognized by the Geneva Convention.
(z) Describe whether the Star of David, used by the State of
Israel, is specifically recognized by the Geneva Convention.
(aa) Describe under what direction and where these medical
service emblems must be displayed.
(ab) Describe what medical service emblems medical personnel
are required to wear and where these emblems should be displayed.
(ac) Describe the requirement for medical personnel to carry a
special identity card bearing the medical emblem.
3-24 181-105-1001
Performance Steps
(ad) Describe the circumstances under which medical personnel
may be deprived of their insignia, identity cards, or the right to wear the
armlet.
(ae) Describe the right of medical personnel to receive duplicate
identity cards or replace insignia if lost.
(af) Describe the medical service emblems that auxiliary
stretcher bearers must wear and when they must wear these emblems.
(ag) Describe what information must be specified on the military
identity documents of auxiliary stretcher bearers.
(ah) Describe what flag may be flown over medical units and
establishments.
(ai) Describe what flags may be flown over captured medical
units.
(aj) Describe the requirement for distinctive emblems indicating
medical units and establishments to be clearly visible to the enemy land,
air, or naval forces.
(ak) Describe what flags may be flown over medical units
belonging to aid societies of neutral countries assisting a party to the
conflict.
f. Describe what constitutes the humane treatment of civilians.
(1) Describe what rights and protections are afforded the civilian
population of the country in conflict under Article 27 of the Geneva
Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
(2) Describe the rights of civilians to be protected against all acts or
threats of violence and against insults and public curiosity.
(3) Describe the rights of civilian women to be protected against
attack, enforced prostitution, rape, and other forms of sexual assault.
(4) Describe the right of an occupying force to enforce control and
security measures and how commanders must ensure that all persons are
treated humanely, while enforcing control and security measures.
(5) Describe the right of civilians not to be subjected to medical or
scientific experiments, nor made the object of collective penalties or
reprisals, or held hostage.
(6) Describe the right of civilians to have their property protected
from pillage or looting.
(7) Describe the right of the occupying power to establish laws and
try and punish civilians for violations of these occupation laws.
7. Describe the responsibilities of U.S. soldiers to obey the Law of War.
181-105-1001 3-25
Performance Steps
a. Describe how U.S. soldiers are bound to obey all the rules of the
Customary Law of War and the Hague and Geneva conventions.
b. Describe how U.S. soldiers may be court-martialled for violating
these rules.
c. Describe how U.S. soldiers may also be prosecuted for committing
a war crime.
d. Define a grave breach of the Law of War.
(1) Describe what criminal offenses may constitute a grave breach.
(2) Describe what disciplinary actions may be taken against a U.S.
soldier, who commits a grave breach.
(3) Describe the statute of limitations on the prosecution of a war
crime.
(4) Describe the responsibilities of the United States, as a signatory
of the Geneva Convention, regarding a person who commits a grave
breach.
e. Describe the responsibilities of the commander in regards to
violations of the Law of War.
(1) Describe how the legal responsibility for the commission of a
war crime can be placed on the commander as well as the subordinate
who actually commits the war crime.
(2) Describe the circumstances under which a commander may be
prosecuted for the commission of a war crime.
f. Describe a criminal order and a soldier's responsibility toward a
criminal order.
(1) Describe the applicability of a soldier asserting the defense of
"obeying a superior order" for the commission of a war crime.
(2) Describe whether a subordinate soldier, who actually commits a
war crime, is excused from prosecution if the commander is charged with
the commission of the war crime.
(3) Describe the responsibility of a soldier to disobey any order
that requires the soldier to commit criminal acts in violation of the Law of
War.
(4) Describe the responsibility of a soldier to obey the rules of
engagement and the potential consequences for violating the rules of
engagement.
(5) Describe the responsibility of the soldier to ask a superior for
clarification of an order presumed to be criminal or illegal.
g. Describe a soldier's obligation to report violations of the Law of War.
3-26 181-105-1001
Performance Steps
(1) Describe the requirement of a soldier to inform the chain of
command of known or suspected violations of the Law of War.
(2) Describe what other avenues or agencies are available for the
soldier to report known or suspected violations of the Law of War.
(3) Describe when soldiers should notify their chain of command or
alternative agencies of known or suspected violations of the Law of War.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Evaluate this task at the end of Law of War training.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier that he will be evaluated on his ability to
identify, understand, and comply with the Law of War, including the Geneva
and Hague conventions. Tell the soldier that he will also be evaluated on his
ability to identify problems or situations that violate the Law of War and take
appropriate action, including notifying appropriate authorities of suspected or
actual violations of the Law of War, so expedient action may be taken to
correct the problem or situation.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Defined the Customary Law of War. ______ ______
a. Described the purpose and result of the
Customary Law of War.
b. Described the relationship between the
Customary Law of War and the Hague Convention of
1907 and the Geneva Convention of 1949.
2. Described what the Hague and Geneva conventions
basically represent. ______ ______
3. Described the U.S. responsibility to comply with the
Hague and Geneva conventions. ______ ______
4. Described the Customary Law of War and Hague
Convention limitation on targets. ______ ______
a. Described the international law prohibition on
targeting or attacking civilians.
b. Described the Hague Regulation prohibition on
the destruction or seizure of enemy property unless
imperatively demanded by military necessity.
c. Described the Hague Regulation provisions
regarding attacking a military target or a place occupied
by a combatant force.
181-105-1001 3-27
Performance Measures GO NO GO
d. Described the Hague Regulation prohibition
against attacking an undefended town, village, dwellings,
buildings, or other such place.
(1) Defined an undefended place within the
meaning of the Hague Convention.
(2) Described the condition that must exist for a
place to be considered undefended.
(3) Described the effect of medical units,
wounded and sick, and police forces within the
undefended place on the character or status of the
undefended place.
e. Described the permissibility of attacking or
bombarding defended places.
(1) Defined what constitutes a defended place.
(2) Described the status (defended or
undefended) of a city or town surrounded by detached
defense positions.
f. Described what constitutes a permissible military
objective for attack, including bombardment.
g. Described the relationship between military
necessity versus unnecessary suffering or destruction.
h. Described the protections afforded buildings
dedicated to religion, art, science, or charitable
purposes, or historic monuments during an attack or
bombardment.
i. Described the effect on protected status afforded
buildings dedicated to religion, art, science, or charitable
purposes, or historic monuments if these buildings are
being used for military purposes.
j. Described the protections afforded hospitals and
other places where the sick and wounded are collected
during an attack or bombardment.
(1) Described the effect on this protected status if
enemy soldiers are the sick or wounded inside these
hospitals or medical areas.
(2) Described the effect on this protected status if
these hospitals or medical areas are being used for
military purposes.
3-28 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
k. Described what may constitute an illegal trick or
method or treacherous act under the Law of War in
regards to permissible targets.
l. Described why illegal tricks or methods or
treacherous acts are prohibited.
m. Described the legality of incidental damage to
surrounding buildings during an attack on a legitimate
target.
5. Described the Customary Law of War and Hague
Regulation prohibitions on the use of certain types of
weapons. —— ——
a. Described the Hague Regulation prohibitions
against the employment of arms, material, or projectiles
designated to cause unnecessary suffering.
b. Described the possibility of a soldier violating the
Law of War by using an issued weapon in an illegal
manner.
c. Described the Hague Regulation prohibitions on
the use, in war, of poison or poisoned weapons against
human beings.
d. Described the 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibition
regarding the use, in war, of asphyxiating, poisonous, or
other gases, and bacteriological methods of warfare.
e. Described the 1925 Geneva Protocol ban on the
use of chemical weapons in war.
(1) Described the U.S. prohibition on the first use
of chemical weapons in war.
(2) Described the U.S. reservation to use
chemical weapons against a state if that state fails to
respect the Geneva Protocol ban on the use of chemical
weapons.
(3) Defined a lethal chemical agent and
described how this Geneva Protocol applies to a lethal
chemical agent.
(4) Defined what constitutes an incapacitating
chemical agent and described how this Geneva Protocol
applies to an incapacitating chemical agent.
181-105-1001 3-29
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(5) Described the U.S. position that the Geneva
Protocol does not prohibit the use of either chemical
herbicides or riot-control agents in war.
(a) Described the U.S. unilateral
renouncement of first use of herbicides in war and
exception to this policy.
(b) Described the U.S. policy regarding first
use of riot-control agents in war.
(c) Described the requirement for
Presidential approval prior to use of herbicides or riot-
control agents in armed conflict.
(6) Described the U.S. position regarding the
initial or retaliatory use of bacteriological methods of
warfare.
(7) Described the 1925 Geneva Protocol position
regarding the use of smoke and incendiary materials in
war.
(8) Described international law position regarding
the use of nuclear weapons by air, sea, or land forces.
6. Described the rules of the Customary Law of War
and Geneva Convention of 1949 governing the humane
treatment of noncombatants. —— ——
a. Defined who constitutes a noncombatant.
b. Defined what constitutes humane treatment.
c. Described what acts are strictly prohibited against
noncombatants.
d. Described what constitutes humane treatment of
prisoners of war.
(1) Described how all captured persons are
entitled to be treated as prisoners of war until their actual
status is determined.
(2) Described the requirement to evacuate all
captured or detained persons to a detainee collection
point.
(3) Described what persons determine a
captured or detained person's status.
3-30 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(4) Described the Geneva convention relative to
the treatment of prisoners of war prohibition on the use
of physical force, mental torture, or coercion to obtain
information.
(5) Described what information the 1949 Geneva
Prisoner of War Convention requires a prisoner of war to
provide to his captor.
(6) Described what actions a captor or detaining
power may take against a prisoner of war who refuses to
answer questions, and the practical reasons for this
policy.
(7) Described the required treatment of prisoners
of war in regards to—
(a) Daily food and living quarters.
(b) Medical care.
(c) Personal hygiene.
(d) Exercise or observance of religious faith.
(e) Retention of personal property.
(f) Receive and send mail.
(g) Having a prisoner’s representative.
(h) Maintaining a chain of command.
(i) Requirement to work.
(8) Described a prisoner of war responsibility to
obey lawful camp rules and disciplinary actions that may
be taken against the prisoner of war for violation of these
rules.
e. Described what constitutes the humane treatment
of the wounded and sick.
(1) Described the applicability of Article 14 of the
Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition
of the wounded and sick in the armed forces in the field
and what it provides regarding the prisoner of war status
of wounded and sick of a belligerent who falls into enemy
hands.
(2) Described what Article 12 of the Geneva
Wounded and Sick Convention provides regarding
protection and treatment of members of the armed forces
who are wounded or sick.
181-105-1001 3-31
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(3) Described the requirement to leave medical
personnel and material behind to care for wounded and
sick.
(4) Described the protections afforded medical
personnel.
(a) Described how these protections apply to
military medics.
(b) Described how these protections apply to
medical staff exclusively engaged in the administration of
medical units and establishments.
(c) Described how these protections apply to
chaplains attached to the armed forces.
(d) Described how these protections apply to
staff of national Red Cross societies and other voluntary
aid organizations.
(5) Described the status of captured full-time
medical personnel as prisoners of war or retained
personnel.
(a) Described the right of retained medical
personnel to perform medical duties.
(b) Described the right and time limitation of
the detaining power to retain full-time medical personnel
under the wounded and sick Geneva Convention.
(c) Described the requirement and
procedures the detaining power must follow to return
retained medical personnel to their own side.
(d) Described the relationship of the Geneva
Convention relative to prisoners of war and retained
personnel.
(e) Described the requirement of retained
personnel to follow the captors’ internal disciplinary
system at the camp where they are detained.
(6) Described the status and protection afforded
members of the armed forces specially trained for
employment as hospital orderlies, nurses, or auxiliary
stretcher bearers.
(a) Described these individuals’ status as
prisoners of war versus retained personnel.
3-32 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(b) Described these individuals' rights
regarding return to their own side.
(c) Described these individuals' rights
regarding work or duties while in the prisoner of war
camp.
(7) Described the status and protections afforded
members of recognized aid societies of neutral countries
that lend assistance of their medical personnel and units
to a party to the conflict.
(a) Describe what consent, authorization,
and control mechanisms are required in order for these
individuals to assist a party to the conflict.
(b) Described what notification requirements
are necessary in order for these individuals to assist a
party to the conflict.
(c) Described the captor's right to detain
these individuals and the requirement to return them to
their own side.
(d) Described what work these individuals
may perform while detained.
(8) Described the protected status of medical
property, material, and equipment under the Geneva
Wounded and Sick Convention.
(a) Described the circumstances under
which fixed medical establishments and mobile units of
the medical service may be attacked.
(b) Described the duty to ensure medical
establishments and units are not situated near military
objectives.
(c) Described the relationship between
protections afforded medical establishments and
incidental damage, injury, or death to patients or
personnel.
(d) Described the possible loss of its
protected status if fixed medical establishments and
mobile units are used to commit acts harmful to the
enemy.
181-105-1001 3-33
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(e) Described the requirement for the enemy
to warn the medical establishment prior to the loss of its
protected status.
(f) Described that only after the enemy
provides such warning, and the warning remains
unheeded, will protection of the medical establishment
lapse.
(g) Described circumstances that do not
deprive a medical unit or establishment of its protection.
(h) Described whether medical personnel
being armed and using those arms to defend themselves
and the sick and wounded deprive the medical unit or
establishment of its protection.
(i) Described whether the medical unit or
establishment being protected by a picket, sentries, or an
escort in the absence of armed orderlies deprives the
medical unit or establishment of its protection.
(j) Described whether the discovery of small
arms and ammunition taken from the wounded and sick
and not yet turned over to the proper service on the
medical unit or establishment deprives the medical unit
or establishment of its protection.
(k) Described whether personnel from the
medical unit or establishment providing humanitarian
care to the civilian wounded or sick deprive the medical
unit or establishment of its protection.
(l) Described the provisions of the Geneva
Wounded and Sick Convention regarding the
establishment of hospital zones and localities in order to
shield the wounded and sick from the impact of war.
(m) Described the enemy's obligation to
restore medical buildings to the other side and the
ownership of captured medical material, stores, and
equipment.
(n) Described the authority of a commander
to use medical buildings for other than medical purposes,
in cases of urgent military necessity.
(o) Described the private property status and
the right of requisition of real and personal property of
aid societies.
3-34 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(p) Described the protected status of medical
aircraft.
(q) Defined what constitutes a medical
aircraft.
(r) Described the requirement for medical
aircraft to fly at heights, times, and on routes specifically
agreed upon between the conflicting parties.
(s) Described the required protective
markings that must be displayed on medical aircraft.
(t) Described the prohibition against medical
aircraft flying over enemy territory or enemy-occupied
territory.
(u) Described the requirement for medical
aircraft to land, upon request from the enemy.
(v) Described the right of medical aircraft to
continue their flight after examination from the enemy.
(w) Described the prisoner of war status of
the wounded and sick and the aircraft crew captured by
the enemy after an involuntary landing of the medical
aircraft because of mechanical failure or inclement
weather.
(x) Described the emblem or distinctive sign
of the medical service of an armed force.
(y) Described what other medical service
emblems are recognized by the Geneva Convention.
(z) Described whether the Star of David,
used by the State of Israel, is specifically recognized by
the Geneva Convention.
(aa) Described under what direction and
where these medical service emblems must be
displayed.
(ab) Described what medical service emblems
medical personnel are required to wear and where these
emblems should be displayed.
(ac) Described the requirement for medical
personnel to carry a special identity card bearing the
medical emblem.
181-105-1001 3-35
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(ad) Described the circumstances under
which medical personnel may be deprived of their
insignia, identity cards, or the right to wear the armlet.
(ae) Described the right of medical personnel
to receive duplicate identity cards or replace insignia if
lost.
(af) Described the medical service emblems
that auxiliary stretcher bearers must wear and when they
must wear these emblems.
(ag) Described what information must be
specified on the military identity documents of auxiliary
stretcher bearers.
(ah) Described what flag may be flown over
medical units and establishments.
(ai) Described what flags may be flown over
captured medical units.
(aj) Described the requirement for distinctive
emblems indicating medical units and establishments to
be clearly visible to the enemy land, air, or naval forces.
(ak) Described what flags may be flown over
medical units belonging to aid societies of neutral
countries assisting a party to the conflict.
f. Described what constitutes the humane treatment
of civilians.
(1) Described what rights and protections are
afforded the civilian population of the country in conflict
under Article 27 of the Geneva Convention relative to the
protection of civilian persons in time of war.
(2) Described the rights of civilians to be
protected against all acts or threats of violence and
against insults and public curiosity.
(3) Described the rights of civilian women to be
protected against attack, enforced prostitution, rape, and
other forms of sexual assault.
(4) Described the right of an occupying force to
enforce control and security measures and how
commanders must ensure that all persons are treated
humanely while enforcing control and security measures.
3-36 181-105-1001
Performance Measures GO NO GO
(5) Described the right of civilians not to be
subjected to medical or scientific experiments, nor made
the object of collective penalties or reprisals, or held
hostage.
(6) Described the right of civilians to have their
property protected from pillage or looting.
(7) Described the right of the occupying power to
establish laws and try and punish civilians for violation of
these occupation laws.
7. Described the responsibility of U.S. soldiers to obey
the Law of War. —— ——
a. Described how U.S. soldiers are bound to obey
all the rules of the Customary Law of War and the Hague
and Geneva conventions.
b. Described how U.S. soldiers may be court-
martialed for violating these rules.
c. Described how U.S. soldiers may also be
prosecuted for committing a war crime.
d. Defined a grave breach of the Law of War.
(1) Described what criminal offenses may
constitute a grave breach.
(2) Described what disciplinary actions may be
taken against U.S. soldiers who commit a grave breach.
(3) Described the statute of limitations on the
prosecution of a war crime.
(4) Described the responsibilities of the United
States, as a signatory of the Geneva Conventions,
regarding a person who commits a grave breach.
e. Described the responsibility of the commander in
regards to violations of the Law of War.
(1) Described how the legal responsibility for the
commission of a war crime can be placed on the
commander as well as the subordinate who actually
commits the war crime.
(2) Described the circumstances under which a
commander may be prosecuted for the commission of a
war crime.
181-105-1001 3-37
Performance Measures GO NO GO
f. Described a criminal order and a soldier's
responsibility toward a criminal order.
(1) Described the applicability of a soldier
asserting the defense of "obeying a superior order" for
the commission of a war crime.
(2) Described whether a subordinate soldier, who
actually commits a war crime, is excused from
prosecution if the commander is charged with the
commission of the war crime.
(3) Described the responsibility of a soldier to
disobey any order that requires the soldier to commit
criminal acts in violation of the Law of War.
(4) Described the responsibility of a soldier to
obey the rules of engagement and the potential
consequences for violating the rules of engagement.
(5) Described the responsibility of the soldier to
ask a superior for clarification of an order presumed to
be criminal or illegal.
g. Described a soldier's obligation to report
violations of the Law of War.
(1) Described the requirement of a soldier to
inform the chain of command of known or suspected
violations of the Law of War.
(2) Described what other avenues or agencies
are available for the soldier to report known or suspected
violations of the Law of War.
(3) Described when soldiers should notify their
chain of command or alternative agencies of known or
suspected violations of the Law of War.
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show the soldier what was done wrong and
how to do it correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 27-10
3-38 224-176-1425
224-176-1425
Interact with News Media
Conditions: In a field, military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) or
garrison environment interact with news media when no public affairs
practitioners are present.
Standards: Identified the principles of interacting with the media.
Performance Steps
1. Role of the individual when interacting with the media.
a. Check identification or press credentials. If identification or press
credentials are produced, continue with interview. If no identification or
press credentials are produced, refer the individual to your chain of
command or public affairs representative.
b. Recognize your rights.
(1) You don't have to speak to the media.
(2) You don't have to answer all the questions.
(3) You control the length of the interview.
c. Maintain operational security (OPSEC). Do not discuss classified
information.
2. Guidelines for speaking with the media.
a. Think before you answer.
b. Tell the truth. You should not lie or intentionally mislead members of
the media.
c. Discuss only things that you have direct responsibility for or have
personal knowledge about. Speak at your level. You should discuss only
matters for which you have direct knowledge.
d. Don't answer speculative (what if) or hypothetical questions.
e. Avoid jargon, acronyms, slang and technical terms.
f. Answer the question with which you are most comfortable when
asked multiple questions.
g. Keep remarks brief and concise.
h. Assume everything you say may be printed or broadcast.
i. Use "I" not "we" when stating your opinion.
j. If you don't know the answer to a question or cannot discuss it for
any reason, say so. Avoid using "no comment".
3. Inform the chain of command of interaction with the media.
Evaluation Preparation:
331-202-1049 3-39
Setup: Provide soldier with a realistic scenario of a simulated media
interview situation. Use mock press credentials when necessary.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier he is about to be interviewed by the media. No
public affairs representatives are present. Evaluate soldier on his ability to
interact with the media.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Checked media representative for identification or
credentials. —— ——
2. Stated three recognized rights. —— ——
3. Maintained OPSEC throughout the interview. —— ——
4. Discussed subject areas related to direct
responsibility and personal knowledge. —— ——
5. Stated answers while avoiding speculation. —— ——
6. Performed interview without use of jargon, acronyms,
slang or technical terms. —— ——
7. Employed concise remarks. —— ——
8. Ensured no "off-the-record" comments were made. —— ——
9. Stated answers, avoiding "no comment" response. —— ——
10. Informed chain of command of interaction with
media. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if 70 percent or more of the
performance measures are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if less than 70
percent of the measures are passed. If the soldier scores NO GO on any
performance measure, show or tell him what was wrong and how to perform
the measure correctly.
References
Required Related
AR 360-1
FM 46-1
331-202-1049
Comply with the Requirements of the Code of Conduct
Conditions: Given a Survival, Evasion, Resistance or Escape (SERE)
situation or a captivity environment.
3-40 331-202-1049
Standards: Acted in accordance with the standards represented in Articles l
through VI of the Code of Conduct.
Performance Steps
1. Comply with Article I: I am an American, fighting in the forces which
guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their
defense.
Explanation. The code apples to all service members at all times, whether
in active combat, in captivity, or in peacetime as a result of hostage
situations and terrorist activities. Members of the Armed Forces have a
duty to support U.S. interests and oppose U.S. enemies regardless of the
circumstances.
2. Comply with Article II: I will never surrender of my own free will. If in
command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they
still have the means to resist.
Explanation. Members of the Armed Forces may never surrender
voluntarily. A soldier’s duty is to avoid capture and return to friendly forces
even when isolated, and no longer able to inflict casualties on the enemy or
otherwise defend themselves. The means to evade is considered
exhausted when escape is impossible. The means to resist is considered
exhausted when further fighting would lead to the soldier’s death with no
significant loss to the enemy.
3. Comply with Article III: If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all
means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to
escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
Explanation. Members of the Armed Forces must understand that a
captive situation is to be considered an extension of the battlefield and the
enemy has used a variety of tactics to exploit prisoners of war in disregard
of the Geneva Convention of 1949 Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners
of War. These efforts have included physical and mental harassment,
general mistreatment and torture, medical neglect, and political
indoctrination. The duty of a member of the Armed Forces to continue
resistance to enemy exploitation by all means available is not lessened by
the misfortune of capture.
331-202-1049 3-41
Performance Steps
4. Comply with Article IV: If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith
with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action
which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take
command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me
and will back them up in every way.
Explanation. Officers and noncommissioned officers will continue to carry
out their responsibilities and to exercise their authority in captivity.
Informing on fellow prisoners of war (PWs) is forbidden. PWs must
especially avoid helping the enemy to identify fellow PWs who have
information that is of value to the enemy. These PWs may be made to
suffer coercive interrogation because of their knowledge.
5. Comply with Article V: When questioned, should I become a prisoner of
war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I
will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will
make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or
harmful to their cause.
Explanation. When questioned a PW is required by the Geneva
Conventions and the Code of Conduct, E.O. 10631 and is permitted by the
UCMJ to give name, rank, service number and date of birth. Under the
Geneva Conventions the enemy has no right to try to force a PW to provide
any additional information. However, it is unrealistic to expect a PW to
remain confined for years reciting only name, rank, service number and
date of birth. There are many PW camp situations in which certain types of
conversation with the enemy are permitted. For example, a PW is allowed,
but not required by the Code of Conduct, the UCMJ or the Geneva
Conventions to fill out a Geneva Conventions “capture card,” to write letters
home, and to communicate with captors on matters of health and welfare.
6. Comply with Article VI: I will never forget that I am an American, fighting
for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles
which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States
of America.
Explanation. A member of the Armed Forces remains responsible for
personal actions at all times. Article VI is designed to assist members of
the Armed Forces to fulfill their responsibilities and survive captivity with
honor. The Code of Conduct, E.O. 10631, does not conflict with the
UCMJ, and the latter continues to apply to each military member during
captivity or other hostile detention. Soldiers, whether detainees or
captives, can be assured the U.S. Government will make every effort to
obtain their earliest release. Faith in one’s country and its way of life, faith
in fellow detainees or captives, and faith in one’s self are critical to
surviving with honor and resisting exploitation.
3-42 331-202-1049
Evaluation Preparation: Setup: Develop an exercise scenario based on
wartime mission requirements (including geographical areas of deployment).
The scenario should reflect enemy doctrine, capabilities, vulnerabilities,
political and cultural aspects and PW management procedures. Develop a
control plan, which incorporates the risk assessment and instructions for
controlling and evaluating the player unit. Develop and design the
intelligence information to be coordinated, synchronized and released to
bring the play on the intended path. Test the soldier on his ability to apply
elements of the Code of Conduct in a SERE situation or a captivity
environment during the survival/evasion portion of the local Major Army
Command battalion, company, or platoon field training exercise (FTX).
Maximum combat realism should be applied to tactical exercises consistent
with good safety practices. The use of PW compounds and resistance
training laboratories by other than USAJFKSWCS to teach Code of Conduct
and SERE training is prohibited in accordance with AR 350-30.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier the Code of Conduct provides him with a set of
guiding principles, moral obligations and professional ethics to survive and
return home with honor from a SERE environment and is not to be
interpreted as a set of inflexible laws. Tell the soldier he is required to
comply with the guidelines in the Code of Conduct and in FM 3-05.71,
Resistance and Escape, chapters 2 and 13.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Complied with Article l of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
2. Complied with Article II of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
3. Complied with Article III of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
4. Complied with Article IV of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
5. Complied with Article V of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
6. Complied with Article VI of the Code of Conduct. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Conduct an exercise after action review to allow
training participants to discover what happened, why it happened and how it
can be done better. Once all key points have been discussed and linked to
future training, the evaluator will make the appropriate notes for inclusion
into the score. Score the soldier GO if all performance measures are
passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed. If
the soldier fails, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly.
805C-PAD-1245 3-43
References
Required Related
AR 350-30
AR 350-41
DODD 1300.7
FM 3-05.71
805C-PAD-1245
Support Unit and Family Readiness Through the Army Family Team
Building (AFTB) Program
Conditions: You are a soldier in the U. S. Army. You have access to
AR 27-3, AR 600-20; AR 608-1, AR 608-18; AR 608-99, DA Pam 360-525;
DA Pam 608-47; DA Cir 608-95, DA Form 5304-R, Family Care Counseling
Checklist; DA Form 5305-R, Family Care Plan; and DD Form 93, Record of
Emergency Data. As an individual or member of a unit, you may deploy on
short notice for an indefinite time to support Army missions worldwide.
Standards: Your family was prepared for your separation during
deployments and aware of unit and installation programs that could provide
assistance.
Performance Steps
1. Prepare your family to take care of day-to-day business and
challenges they may face during your separation.
a. Take positive and proactive steps to prepare your family for your
possible separation.
(1) Enroll your spouse in the local installation Army Family Team
Building Course.
(2) Develop a family readiness checklist.
b. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands and has
access to current personal records.
(1) Maintain a current DA Form 5304-R.
(2) Maintain a current DD Form 93.
(3) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to a
valid special power of attorney.
(4) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to a
valid general power of attorney.
(5) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
current family member ID cards and ID tags.
3-44 805C-PAD-1245
Performance Steps
(6) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
valid passports (when appropriate).
(7) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
copies of all social security cards and records.
(8) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to a
copy of other records, documents and papers (household goods or
property inventory papers).
(9) Complete all pending administrative actions.
(10) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is well versed on
all of your personal affairs.
c. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
medical and dental records and understands medical requirements.
(1) Ensure your family members are enrolled in TRICARE and
that your spouse or designated guardian understands how to access
medical care.
(2) Ensure your family members are enrolled in the Army's dental
plan and that your spouse or designated guardian understands how to
access dental care.
(3) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
current family member immunization records.
(4) Ensure family members with special needs are enrolled in the
Exceptional Family Members Program (EFMP).
(5) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is well versed on
all medical requirements.
d. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to and
understands current legal affairs and business plans.
(1) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
and understands family member birth certificates.
(2) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
your current marriage certificate.
(3) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
any divorce papers.
(4) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
current life insurance policies and medical policies.
(5) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
current and valid real estate documents: deeds, titles, mortgages, tax
receipts, insurance policies, and leases.
805C-PAD-1245 3-45
Performance Steps
(6) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to
automobile titles, registrations, insurance policies, liens, and payment
books.
(7) Ensure your spouse or legal guardian has a valid driver's
license or arrangements have been made for transportation of a spouse
who does not drive or own an automobile.
(8) Ensure your spouse, designated guardian, business
associates, or partners are aware of your role in the military and the
possibility of being mobilized.
(9) Consult with your private attorney regarding how your
business affairs should be handled during your absence.
(10) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is well versed on
all of your legal and business affairs.
e. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to and
understands current financial affairs.
(1) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands the
Army pay system and can read and understand your leave and earning
statement (LES).
(2) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
your benefits, entitlements, and compensations.
(3) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is well versed on
survivor benefits and assistance.
(4) Ensure your spouse has proper authorization to write checks
and access your bank account(s).
(5) Ensure any allotments to provide support to family members
have been initiated and are adequate to provide support.
(6) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian has access to all
federal and state income tax, real estate, and personal property tax
records.
(7) Inform your spouse or designated guardian of any stocks,
bonds, and mutual funds.
(8) Inform your spouse or designated guardian of any
outstanding legal debts or contracts such as credit cards, installment
contracts, mortgages, leases, and bills of sale.
2. Ensure your spouse is aware of unit and installation programs that
can provide assistance during separation.
a. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is knowledgeable of
all the unit programs available to provide assistance in your absence.
3-46 805C-PAD-1245
Performance Steps
(1) Attend, with your spouse or designated guardian when
possible, unit pre-deployment briefings.
(2) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is knowledgeable
of the unit rear detachment command.
(a) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
the duties and responsibilities of the unit rear detachment.
(b) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
how to contact the unit rear detachment officer/NCO.
(3) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian is knowledgeable
of the unit family support group and participates in its activities when
possible.
(a) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
the role of the family support group in providing support to family
members during unit deployments.
(b) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
the relationships among the family support group, unit rear detachment,
and installation support activities.
(c) Ensure your spouse or designated guardian understands
how to contact the family support group coordinator for your unit.
(d) Encourage your spouse to participate in family support
group activities both prior to deployment and after deployment.
b. Ensure your spouse or designated guardian knows how to obtain
assistance from installation activities and programs (or community
activities and programs for Reserve Component soldiers) available to
provide assistance in your absence.
(1) Financial counseling: Army Community Service (ACS), local
legal aid center, or other local programs.
(2) Marital counseling: Chaplain/pastor or community mental
health service.
(3) Drug or alcohol abuse: Community Counseling Center
(CCC), Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Program
(ADAPCP), Alcoholics Anonymous, or other local programs.
(4) Mental health: Community mental health service, hospital,
local Public Health Service, or local professional counselors.
(5) Spiritual guidance: Installation chapel or local church.
(6) Death and illness notification: Red Cross.
(7) Stress management: ACS, or other local programs.
805C-PAD-1245 3-47
Performance Steps
(8) Family abuse: ACS, community mental health service,
hospital, chaplain, local department of social services or other local
programs.
(9) Legal Assistance: Army Emergency Relief (AER), ACS loan
closet/food locker, Salvation Army, or other local programs.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Evaluate soldier on his knowledge of support activities available for
family members during separations or emergencies and actions that he
should accomplish prior to a separation or emergency to ensure family
readiness. Give the soldier a scenario that directs his deployment and will
provide information necessary to have soldier identify support activities and
actions that he should take to ensure family readiness. Have paper, pencil,
and installation telephone book available.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier that he will be evaluated on his ability to
identify support activities and personal actions that should be completed
prior to deployments to ensure his family is prepared for separation or
emergencies.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Prepared his family to take care of day-to-day
business and challenges they may face during a
separation. —— ——
a. Took positive and proactive steps to prepare his
family for separation.
(1) Enrolled spouse in the local installation Army
Family Team Building Course.
(2) Developed a family readiness checklist.
b. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian had
access to and understood current personal records.
(1) Maintained a current family care plan (when
appropriate).
(2) Ensured his spouse or designated guardian
had access to valid general and/or special powers of
attorney.
c. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian had
access to medical and dental records and understood
medical requirements.
3-48 805C-PAD-1245
Performance Measures GO NO GO
d. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian had
access to and understood current legal affairs and
business plans.
e. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian had
access to and understood current financial affairs.
(1) Ensured his spouse or designated guardian
was well versed on survivor benefits and assistance.
(2) Ensured his spouse had proper authorization
to write checks and access bank account(s).
(3) Ensured any allotments to provide support to
family members were initiated and adequate to provide
support.
2. Ensured his family was aware of unit and installation
programs that can provide assistance during
separations. —— ——
a. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian was
knowledgeable of the unit programs available to provide
assistance in his absence.
(1) Attended, with his spouse or designated
guardian, when possible, unit pre-deployment briefings.
(2) Ensured his spouse or designated guardian
was knowledgeable of the Unit Rear Detachment
Command.
(3) Ensured his spouse or designated guardian
was knowledgeable of the unit family support group and
that they participate in its activities when possible.
b. Ensured his spouse or designated guardian knew
how to obtain assistance from installation activities and
programs (or community activities and programs for
Reserve Component soldiers) to provide assistance in
his absence.
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO on performance measures
passed. Score the soldier NO GO on any performance measure not
completed or identified. The soldier must receive a GO on all the
performance measures to receive a GO on this task. If the soldier receives
a NO GO, show him the performance measures he missed.
Required Related
DA Form 5304-R AR 27-3
805C-PAD-1391 3-49
Required Related
DA Form 5305-R AR 600-20
AR 600-8-1
AR 608-18
AR 608-99
Users Guide-AFTB
805C-PAD-1391
Comply With the Army's Equal Opportunity and Sexual Harassment
Policies
Conditions: You are a soldier in the U. S. Army. The soldiers with which
you serve are both male and female, and represent different races, colors,
religions, and national origins. You have access to AR 600-20 and AR 670-
1. You have received training on the Army's equal opportunity (EO) and
sexual harassment policies.
Standards: Complied with the Army's EO and sexual harassment policies.
Acted in accordance with the Army's EO and sexual harassment policies,
took actions to maintain an environment free from unlawful discrimination
and sexual harassment, and reported behaviors that violate the EO and
sexual harassment policies.
Performance Steps
1. Treat others with dignity and respect.
a. Demonstrate Army Values associated with equal opportunity.
(1) Display unquestionable loyalty.
(2) Follow your higher duty to the Army and the nation.
(3) Treat people as they should be treated.
(4) Live up to all the Army values.
b. Conform to the Army's EO and sexual harassment policies.
(1) Do not make racial or sexual comments and/or gestures.
(2) Do not make national origin or religious comments, jokes, slurs.
(3) Do not display racist or sexually offensive visual materials.
(4) Do not make unsolicited and unwelcome sexual contact with
fellow soldiers.
(5) Do not stereotype fellow soldiers or make assumptions about
their cultural background, race, religion, or beliefs.
(6) Do not use profanity or sexually oriented language.
3-50 805C-PAD-1391
Performance Steps
(7) Do not discount the religious beliefs of fellow soldiers.
c. Avoid belonging to extremist organizations or participating in
extremist activities.
d. Avoid engaging in intimate personal relationships with soldiers of
different ranks that could disrupt unit cohesion.
2. Take personal actions to keep your unit free from unlawful
discrimination and sexual harassment.
a. Promote EO and interpersonal harmony.
(1) Interact with soldiers of different races and genders.
(2) Respect the cultural background of fellow soldiers.
(3) Advocate fair treatment for all soldiers.
(4) Recognize and respect fellow soldiers' individual needs,
aspirations, and capabilities.
(5) Communicate openly and honestly with fellow soldiers.
b. Make on-the-spot corrections of fellow soldiers whose behaviors
are contrary to Army EO and sexual harassment policies.
(1) Correct soldiers using racial or sexually harassing nonverbal
gestures.
(2) Correct soldiers using racial or sexually harassing verbal
comments.
(3) Correct soldiers displaying racial or sexually harassing visual
materials.
(4) Correct soldiers who physically contact other soldiers in a
sexual manner.
c. Follow recommended techniques for dealing with sexual
harassment.
3. Report behaviors that violate the Army's EO and sexual harassment
policies.
a. Report to the chain of command.
b. Report to alternative agencies.
c. File an EO or sexual harassment complaint.
d. Report intimidation, harassment, or reprisal for making a complaint.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: This task can be tested in an administrative or field environment.
Give the soldier a scenario that provides sufficient information to evaluate
805C-PAD-1391 3-51
his knowledge of the Army's EO and sexual harassment polices, prohibited
acts, and actions that should be taken if a violation occurs.
Brief Soldier: Inform soldier that he will be tested on his knowledge of the
Army's EO and sexual harassment polices, prohibited acts, and actions that
should be taken if a violation occurs.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Treated others with dignity and respect. —— ——
a. Demonstrated Army values associated with EO.
(1) Displayed unquestionable loyalty.
(2) Followed higher duty to the Army and the
nation.
(3) Treated people as they should be treated.
(4) Lived up to all the Army values.
b. Conformed to the Army's EO and sexual
harassment policies.
(1) Avoided making racial or sexual comments
and/or gestures.
(2) Avoided making national origin or religious
comments, jokes or slurs.
(3) Avoided displaying racial or sexually offensive
visual materials.
(4) Avoided making unsolicited and unwelcome
sexual contact with fellow soldiers.
(5) Avoided stereotyping fellow soldiers or
making assumptions about their cultural background,
race, religion, or beliefs.
(6) Avoided using profanity or sexually oriented
language.
(7) Avoided discounting the religious beliefs of
fellow soldiers.
c. Avoided belonging to extremist organizations or
participating in extremist activities.
d. Avoided engaging in intimate personal
relationships with soldiers of different ranks that could
disrupt unit cohesion.
2. Personally acted to keep the unit free from unlawful
discrimination and sexual harassment. —— ——
3-52 081-831-1000
Performance Measures GO NO GO
a. Promoted EO and interpersonal harmony.
b. Made on-the-spot corrections of fellow soldiers
whose behaviors were contrary to Army EO and sexual
harassment policies.
c. Followed recommended techniques for dealing
with sexual harassment.
3. Reported behaviors that violated the Army's EO and
sexual harassment policies. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO for each performance
measure passed. Score the soldier NO GO for each performance measure
failed. Soldier must receive a GO on all performance measures to receive a
GO for the task. If the soldier receives a NO GO, show him what he did
wrong.
References
Required Related
AR 600-13 AR 670-1
AR 600-20
DA PAM 350-20
DA PAM 600-26
DODDIR 7050.6
MANUAL-MCM
TC 26-6
SUBJECT AREA 2: FIRST AID
081-831-1000
Evaluate a Casualty
Conditions: You have a casualty who has signs and/or symptoms of an
injury.
Standards: Evaluated the casualty following the correct sequence. All
injuries and/or conditions were identified. The casualty was immobilized if a
neck or back injury was suspected.
081-831-1000 3-53
Performance Steps
Note. When evaluating and/or treating a casualty, seek medical aid as soon as
possible. Do not stop treatment, but, if the situation allows, send another person to
find medical aid.
WARNING
If there are signs of chemical or biological agent poisoning, immediately
mask the casualty. If it is not nerve agent poisoning, decontaminate
exposed skin and gross contamination (large wet or oily spots) of the
clothing or overgarments. If nerve agent poisoning, administer the
antidote before decontamination. (See Task 081-831-1044.)
WARNING
If a broken neck or back is suspected, do not move the casualty unless
to save his life.
1. Check for responsiveness.
a. Ask in a loud, but calm voice, "Are you okay?"
b. Gently shake or tap the casualty on the shoulder.
c. Watch for a response. If the casualty does not respond, go to
step 2.
d. If the casualty is conscious, ask where he feels different than usual
or where it hurts. Go to step 3. If the casualty is conscious but is choking
and cannot talk, stop the evaluation and begin treatment. (See Task 081-
831-1003.)
2. Check for breathing.
a. Look for rise and fall of the casualty's chest.
b. Listen for breathing by placing your ear about one inch above the
casualty's mouth and nose.
c. Feel for breathing by placing your hand or cheek about 1 inch
above the casualty's mouth and nose. If the casualty is not breathing, stop
the evaluation and begin treatment. (See Task 081-831-1042.)
Note. Check for pulse during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, as necessary.
3. Check for bleeding.
WARNING
In a chemically contaminated area, do not expose the wound(s).
a. Look for spurts of blood or blood-soaked clothes.
3-54 081-831-1000
Performance Steps
b. Look for entry and exit wounds.
c. If bleeding is present, stop the evaluation and begin treatment as
appropriate.
(1) Arm or leg wound. (See Task 081-831-1032.)
(2) Partial or complete amputation. (See Task 081-831-1032.)
(3) Open head wound. (See Task 081-831-1033.)
(4) Open abdominal wound. (See Task 081-831-1025.)
(5) Open chest wound. (See Task 081-831-1026.)
4. Check for shock.
a. Look for any of the following signs and/or symptoms.
(1) Sweaty but cool skin (clammy skin).
(2) Paleness of skin.
(3) Restlessness or nervousness.
(4) Thirst.
(5) Loss of blood (bleeding).
(6) Confusion.
(7) Faster than normal breathing rate.
(8) Blotchy or bluish skin, especially around the mouth.
(9) Nausea and/or vomiting.
b. If signs or symptoms of shock are present, stop the evaluation and
begin treatment. (See Task 081-831-1005.)
WARNING
Leg fractures must be splinted before elevating the legs for shock.
(See Task 081-831-1034.)
5. Check for fractures.
a. Look for the following signs and symptoms of a back or neck injury:
(1) Pain or tenderness of the neck or back area.
(2) Cuts or bruises in the neck and back area.
(3) Inability of the casualty to move (paralysis or numbness).
(a) Ask about the ability to move (paralysis).
(b) Touch the casualty's arms and legs; ask whether he can
feel your hand (numbness).
(4) Unusual body or limb position.
081-831-1000 3-55
Performance Steps
WARNING
Unless there is immediate life-threatening danger, do not move a
casualty whom you suspect has a back or neck injury.
b. Immobilize any casualty suspected of having a neck or back injury
by doing the following:
(1) Tell the casualty not to move.
(2) If a back injury is suspected, place padding under the natural
arch of the casualty's back.
(3) If a neck injury is suspected, place a roll of cloth under the
casualty's neck and put boots (filled with dirt, sand, etc.) or rocks on both
sides of the head.
c. Check the casualty's arms and legs for open or closed fractures.
(1) Check for open fractures.
(a) Look for bleeding.
(b) Look for bone sticking through the skin.
(2) Check for closed fractures.
(a) Look for swelling.
(b) Look for discoloration.
(c) Look for deformity.
(d) Look for unusual body position.
d. If a fracture to an arm or leg is suspected, stop the evaluation and
begin treatment. (See Task 081-831-1034.)
6. Check for burns.
a. Look carefully for reddened, blistered, or charred skin. Also check
for singed clothes.
b. If burns are found, stop the evaluation and begin treatment. (See
Task 081-831-1007.)
7. Check for head injury.
a. Look for the following signs and symptoms:
(1) Unequal pupils.
(2) Fluid from the ear(s), nose, mouth, or injury site.
(3) Slurred speech.
(4) Confusion.
(5) Sleepiness.
3-56 081-831-1000
Performance Steps
(6) Loss of memory or consciousness.
(7) Staggering in walking.
(8) Headache.
(9) Dizziness.
(10) Vomiting.
(11) Paralysis.
(12) Convulsions or twitches.
b. If a head injury is suspected, continue to watch for signs that would
require mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (see Task 081-831-1042), treatment
for shock (see Task 081-831-1005), or control of bleeding (see Task 081-
831-1033).
8. Seek medical aid. Seek medical assistance as soon as possible, but
do not interrupt treatment. If possible, send another person to find medical
aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Prepare a "casualty" for the soldier to evaluate by simulating one or
more wounds or conditions. Simulate the wounds using a war wounds
moulage set, casualty simulation kit, or other available materials. You can
coach a "conscious casualty" to show signs of such conditions as shock or
head injury and to respond to the soldier's questions about location of pain
or other symptoms of injury. However, you will have to cue the soldier
during evaluation of an "unconscious casualty" as to whether the casualty is
breathing and describe the signs or conditions, such as shock, as the soldier
is making the checks.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, all necessary steps to evaluate
the casualty and identify all wounds and/or conditions. Tell the soldier to tell
you what first aid action (give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, bandage the
wound, etc.) he would take, but that no first aid is to be performed unless a
neck or back injury is found.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Checked for responsiveness. —— ——
2. Checked for breathing, if necessary. —— ——
3. Checked for bleeding. —— ——
4. Checked for shock. —— ——
081-831-1003 3-57
Performance Measures GO NO GO
5. Checked for fractures and immobilized neck or back
injuries, if found. —— ——
6. Checked for burns. —— ——
7. Checked for a head injury. —— ——
8. Sought medical aid. —— ——
9. Performed all necessary steps in sequence. —— ——
10. Identified all wounds and/or conditions. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1003
Perform First Aid to Clear an Object Stuck in the Throat of a Conscious
Casualty
Conditions: You see a conscious casualty who is having a hard time
breathing because something is stuck in his throat.
Standards: Cleared the object from the casualty's throat. Gave abdominal
or chest thrusts until the casualty could talk and breathe normally, the soldier
was relieved by a qualified person, or the casualty became unconscious
requiring mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Performance Steps
1. Determine if the casualty needs help.
a. If the casualty has good air exchange (able to speak or cough
forcefully—may be wheezing between coughs), do not interfere except to
encourage the casualty.
b. If the casualty has poor air exchange (weak coughing with high-
pitched noise between coughs and signs of shock), continue with step 2.
3-58 081-831-1003
Performance Steps
c. If the casualty has a complete airway obstruction (cannot speak,
breathe, or cough at all and may be clutching his neck and moving
erratically), continue with step 2.
2. Perform abdominal or chest thrusts.
Note. Abdominal thrusts should be used unless the victim is in the advanced stages
of pregnancy, is very obese, or has a significant abdominal wound.
a. Abdominal thrusts.
(1) Stand behind the casualty.
(2) Wrap your arms around the casualty's waist.
(3) Make a fist with one hand.
(4) Place the thumb side of the fist against the abdomen slightly
above the navel and well below the tip of the breastbone.
(5) Grasp the fist with the other hand.
(6) Give quick backward and upward thrusts.
Note. Each thrust should be a separate, distinct movement. Thrusts should be
continued until the obstruction is expelled or the casualty becomes unconscious.
b. Chest thrusts.
(1) Stand behind the casualty.
(2) Wrap your arms under the casualty's armpits and around the
chest.
(3) Make a fist with one hand.
(4) Place the thumb side of the fist on the middle of the breastbone.
(5) Grasp the fist with the other hand.
(6) Give backward thrusts.
Note. Each thrust should be performed slowly and distinctly, and with the intent of
relieving the obstruction.
3. Continue to give abdominal or chest thrusts as required. Give
abdominal or chest thrusts until the obstruction is clear, you are relieved by
a qualified person, or the casualty becomes unconscious.
Note. If the casualty becomes unconscious, perform a finger sweep and then start
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation procedures.
Note. If the obstruction is cleared, watch the casualty closely and check for other
injuries if necessary.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: You need another soldier to play the part of the casualty.
081-831-1005 3-59
Brief Soldier: Describe the symptoms of a casualty with good air exchange,
poor air exchange, or a complete airway obstruction. Ask the soldier what
should be done. Score step 1 based on the answer. Tell the soldier to do all
of the first aid steps required to clear an object from the casualty's throat.
Tell the soldier to demonstrate where to stand, how to position his hands,
and how to position the casualty for the thrusts. The soldier must tell you
how the thrusts should be done. Ensure that the soldier understands that he
must not actually do the thrusts. Do not evaluate step 3 in the simulated
mode.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Determined if the casualty needs help. —— ——
2. Performed abdominal or chest thrusts as required. —— ——
3. Continued abdominal or chest thrusts as required. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1005
Perform First Aid to Prevent or Control Shock
Conditions: You see a casualty who is breathing. There is no uncontrolled
bleeding. The casualty has one or more of the symptoms of shock.
Necessary equipment and materials: a field jacket and blanket or poncho.
Standards: Attempted to prevent a casualty from going into shock by
correctly positioning the casualty, loosening binding clothes, calming and
reassuring, and providing shade from direct sunlight during hot weather, or
covering to prevent body heat loss during cold weather. Did not cause
further injury to the casualty.
Performance Steps
1. Position the casualty.
a. Move the casualty to cover, if cover is available and the situation
permits.
3-60 081-831-1005
Performance Steps
b. Lay the casualty on his back unless a sitting position will allow the
casualty to breathe easier.
c. Elevate the casualty's feet higher than the heart using a stable
object so the feet will not fall.
WARNING
If the casualty has a fractured or broken leg, an abdominal wound, or a
head wound, do not elevate the casualty's legs.
2. Loosen clothing at the neck, waist, or anywhere it is binding.
WARNING
Do not loosen clothing if in a chemical area.
3. Prevent the casualty from chilling or overheating.
a. Cover the casualty to avoid loss of body heat and, in cold weather,
place cover under as well as over the casualty. Use a blanket or clothing,
or improvise a cover.
b. Place the casualty under permanent or improvised shelter in hot
weather to shade him from direct sunlight.
WARNING
Do not give the casualty anything to eat or drink.
4. Calm and reassure the casualty.
a. Take charge and show self-confidence.
b. Assure the casualty that he is being taken care of.
WARNING
If you must leave the casualty, turn his head to the side to prevent
choking if vomiting occurs.
5. Seek medical aid.
Note. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other
injuries, and seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: You will need another soldier to play the part of the casualty. Have
the casualty lie down. You can have a canteen of water available and have
the casualty say that he is thirsty while testing step 3.
081-831-1007 3-61
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do all necessary first aid steps to prevent
shock. You can vary the test by telling the soldier whether it is hot or cold or
that the casualty has a broken leg or abdominal wound to see if the soldier
knows what to do. Do not evaluate step 5 in the simulated mode.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Positioned the casualty correctly. —— ——
2. Loosened tight or binding clothes. —— ——
3. Prevented the casualty from chilling or overheating. —— ——
4. Reassured the casualty. —— ——
5. Sought medical aid. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1007
Perform First Aid for Burns
Conditions: You see a casualty who is suffering from a burn. Necessary
materials and equipment: casualty's first aid packet and canteen of water.
Standards: Gave first aid for a burn without causing further injury to the
casualty. Eliminated the source of the burn, if necessary. Applied a field
dressing lightly over the burn. The sides of the dressing were sealed and
the dressing did not slip.
Performance Steps
1. Eliminate the source of the burn.
a. Thermal burns. If the casualty's clothing is on fire, cover the
casualty with a field jacket or any large piece of nonsynthetic material and
roll him on the ground to put out the flames.
3-62 081-831-1007
Performance Steps
b. Electrical burns. If the casualty is in contact with an electrical
source, turn the electricity off if the switch is nearby. If the electricity
cannot be turned off, drag the casualty away from the source using any
nonconductive material (rope, clothing, or dry wood).
WARNING
Do not touch the casualty or the electrical source with your bare hands.
You will be injured too!
WARNING
High voltage electrical burns from an electrical source or lightning may
cause temporary unconsciousness, difficulties in breathing, or
difficulties with the heart (irregular heartbeat).
c. Chemical burns.
WARNING
Blisters caused by a blister agent are actually burns. Do not try to
decontaminate skin where blisters have already formed. If blisters
have not formed, decontaminate the skin.
(1) Remove liquid chemicals from the burned casualty by flushing
with as much water or other nonflammable fluid as possible.
(2) Remove dry chemicals by carefully brushing them off with a
clean, dry cloth. If large amounts of water are available, flush the area.
Otherwise, apply no water.
(3) Smother burning white phosphorus with water, a wet cloth, or
wet mud. Keep the area covered with the wet material.
d. Laser burns. Move the casualty away from the source while
avoiding eye contact with the beam source.
Note. After the casualty is removed from the source of the burn, he should be
monitored continually for the development of conditions that may require the
performance of basic lifesaving measures.
2. Uncover the burn.
WARNING
Do not uncover the wound in a chemical environment. Exposure could
cause additional harm.
081-831-1007 3-63
Performance Steps
a. Cut clothing covering the burned area.
WARNING
Do not attempt to remove clothing that is stuck to the wound.
Additional harm could result.
b. Gently lift away clothing covering the burned area.
Note. Do not pull clothing over the burns.
Note. If the casualty's hand(s) or wrist(s) have been burned, remove jewelry (rings,
watches) and place them in his pockets.
3. Apply a field dressing to the burn.
Note. If the burn is caused by white phosphorus, the dressing must be wet.
a. Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound.
b. Wrap the tails so that the dressing is covered and both sides are
sealed.
c. Tie the tails into a nonslip knot over the outer edge of the dressing,
not over the wound.
d. Check to make sure that the dressing is applied lightly over the burn
but firmly enough to prevent slipping.
Note. Electricity often leaves entry and exit burns. Both burns should be treated.
4. Observe precautions to avoid further injury.
a. Do not break blisters.
b. Do not apply grease or ointments to the burns.
c. Do not place dressings over the face or genital area.
Note. If the casualty is conscious and not nauseated, give him small amounts of
water to drink.
Note. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other
injuries, and seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: You will need another soldier to play the part of the casualty.
Simulate the burn(s) by marking the casualty's body with a suitable material.
Provide materials appropriate for the burn being simulated (piece of rope,
blanket, water, field dressing, or clean cloth). If a field dressing is used, use
the same one repeatedly. If an electrical burn is being simulated, have the
casualty lie on a piece of wire or rope and have enough materials available
to treat two simulated burns.
3-64 081-831-1008
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier what is burning the casualty and have the
soldier take appropriate action. After the soldier completes step 1, tell the
soldier that the casualty is conscious and has no injuries other than burns.
When testing step 2, you can vary the test by telling the soldier that clothing
is stuck to the burn or that a chemical environment exists.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Eliminated the source of the burn. —— ——
2. Uncovered the burn. —— ——
3. Applied a field dressing. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1008
Perform First Aid for Heat Injuries
Conditions: You see a casualty who has signs and symptoms of a heat
injury. The casualty has a full canteen of cool water.
Standards: Recognized the type of heat injury and gave appropriate first
aid.
Performance Steps
1. Identify the type of heat injury.
a. Heat cramps symptoms.
(1) Muscle cramps of the arms, legs, or abdomen.
(2) Excessive sweating.
(3) Thirst.
b. Heat exhaustion symptoms. (The first five occur often. The others
occur sometimes.)
(1) Profuse sweating with pale, moist, cool skin.
081-831-1008 3-65
Performance Steps
(2) Headache.
(3) Weakness.
(4) Dizziness.
(5) Loss of appetite.
(6) Heat cramps.
(7) Nausea, with or without vomiting.
(8) Urge to defecate.
(9) Chills (goose flesh).
(10) Rapid breathing.
(11) Tingling of the hands and/or feet.
(12) Confusion.
c. Heatstroke symptoms.
(1) Flushed, hot, dry skin.
(2) Headache.
(3) Dizziness.
(4) Nausea.
(5) Confusion.
(6) Weakness.
(7) Loss of consciousness.
(8) Seizures.
(9) Weak and rapid pulse and breathing.
2. Provide the proper first aid for the heat injury.
a. Heat cramps.
(1) Move the casualty to a cool or shady area or improvise shade.
(2) Loosen the casualty's clothing unless in a chemical
environment.
(3) Have the casualty slowly drink at least one canteen of cool
water.
(4) Seek medical aid if the cramps continue.
b. Heat exhaustion.
(1) Move the casualty to a cool or shady area or improvise shade.
(2) Loosen or remove the casualty's clothing and boots unless in a
chemical environment.
3-66 081-831-1008
Performance Steps
(3) Pour water on the casualty and fan him unless in a chemical
environment.
(4) Have the casualty slowly drink at least one canteen of cool
water.
(5) Elevate the casualty's legs.
(6) Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone or medical aid
arrives.
Note. If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the rest
of the day.
c. Heatstroke.
WARNING
Heatstroke is a medical emergency that may result in death if treatment
is delayed. Start cooling measures immediately and continue while
waiting for transportation and during evacuation.
(1) Move the casualty to a cool or shady area or improvise shade.
(2) Loosen or remove the casualty's clothing unless in a chemical
environment.
(3) Spray or pour water on the casualty and fan him unless in a
chemical environment.
(4) Massage the casualty's arms and legs unless in a chemical
environment.
(5) Elevate the casualty's legs.
(6) If the casualty is conscious, have him slowly drink at least one
canteen of cool water.
Note. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other
injuries, and seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: None.
Brief Soldier: Describe to the soldier the signs and/or symptoms of heat
cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke, and ask the soldier what type of
heat injury is indicated. Then ask the soldier what should be done to treat
the heat injury described.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Identified the type of heat injury. —— ——
081-831-1025 3-67
2. Provided the proper first aid for the heat injury. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1025
Perform First Aid for an Open Abdominal Wound
Conditions: You see a casualty who has an open abdominal wound. The
casualty is breathing. Necessary equipment and materials: casualty's first
aid packet and material for an improvised dressing (clothing or blankets).
Standards: Applied a dressing to the wound following the correct sequence
without causing further injury to the casualty. The dressing was secure and
protected the wound without putting pressure on the bowel.
Performance Steps
1. Position the casualty by placing the casualty on his back with the knees
up (flexed).
2. Uncover the wound unless clothing is stuck to the wound or in a
chemical environment.
CAUTION
Uncovering the wound in a chemical environment or removing stuck clothing
could cause additional harm.
3. Pick up any organs that are on the ground.
a. Use a clean, dry dressing or the cleanest material available and
gently pick up the organs without touching them with your bare hands.
b. Place the organs on top of the casualty's abdomen.
4. Apply the casualty's field dressing.
Note. If the field dressing is not large enough to cover the entire wound, the inner
surface of the plastic wrapper from the dressing may be used to cover the bowel
before the dressing is applied. Other improvised dressings can be made from
clothing, blankets, or the cleanest material available.
a. Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound.
3-68 081-831-1025
Performance Steps
WARNING
Do not apply pressure to the wound or other exposed internal parts.
b. Wrap the tails around the casualty's body completely covering the
dressing if possible.
c. Loosely tie the tails into a nonslip knot at the casualty's side.
d. Check to make sure the tails are tied firmly enough to prevent
slipping without applying pressure to the bowel.
Note. Field dressings can be covered with improvised reinforcement materials
(cravats, strips of torn cloth) for additional support and protection. The improvised
bandages should be tied on the casualty's side—the one opposite to where the
dressing is tied.
Note. Do not cause further injury. Observe the following:
Do not touch exposed organs with bare hands.
Do not push organs back inside the body.
Do not probe, clean, or remove any foreign object from the wound.
WARNING
Do not give food or water to the casualty. (Moistening the casualty's
lips is allowed.)
Note. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other
injuries, and seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Use the same field dressing repeatedly. Have another soldier act as
the casualty. Use a moulage or otherwise simulate the abdominal wound.
You can have a canteen of water available and have the casualty say that
he is thirsty while testing step 4.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, all necessary first aid steps to
treat the casualty's wound. When testing step 2, you can vary the test by
telling the soldier that clothing is stuck to the wound or that a chemical
environment exists.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Positioned the casualty. —— ——
2. Uncovered the wound. —— ——
3. Picked up organs. —— ——
081-831-1026 3-69
Performance Measures GO NO GO
4. Applied the casualty's field dressing. —— ——
5. Performed steps 1 through 4 in the correct sequence. —— ——
6. Watched the casualty closely for life-threatening
conditions and checked for other injuries, if necessary.
(See the Task 081-831-1000.) —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1026
Perform First Aid for an Open Chest Wound
Conditions: You see a casualty who has an open chest wound. The
casualty is breathing. Necessary equipment and materials: casualty's first
aid packet and material to improvise a dressing (clothing or blankets).
Standards: Applied a dressing to the wound following the correct sequence,
without causing further injury to the casualty. The wound was properly
sealed and the dressing was firmly secured without interfering with
breathing.
Performance Steps
Note. If there are two wounds, the same procedure should be followed for both.
Start with the one that is more serious; (the one that has the heavier bleeding or is
larger).
1. Uncover the wound unless clothing is stuck to the wound or in a
chemical environment.
CAUTION
Uncovering the wound in a chemical environment or removing stuck clothing
could cause additional harm.
WARNING
Do not attempt to clean the wound.
3-70 081-831-1026
Performance Steps
2. Apply airtight material over the wound.
a. Use the fully opened outer wrapper of the casualty's field dressing
or other airtight material.
b. Apply the inner surface of the airtight material directly over the
wound after the casualty exhales completely.
Note. When applying the airtight material try not to touch the inner surface.
c. Hold the material in place.
3. Apply the casualty's field dressing.
a. Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the airtight
material.
b. Have the casualty breathe normally.
c. Maintain pressure on the dressing while you wrap the tails around
the body back to the starting point.
d. Tie the tails into a nonslip knot over the center of the dressing after
the casualty has exhaled completely.
e. Check to make sure the knot is tied firmly enough to secure the
dressing without interfering with breathing.
Note. When practical, apply direct manual pressure over the dressing for 5 to 10
minutes to help control the bleeding.
4. Position the casualty on the injured side or in a sitting position,
whichever makes breathing easier.
WARNING
If the casualty's condition (difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath,
restlessness, or blueness of skin) worsens after placing the dressing,
quickly lift or remove and then replace the airtight dressing.
Note. Watch the casualty for life-threatening conditions, check for other injuries, and
seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Use the same field dressing repeatedly. Prepare the field dressing
outer wrapper or provide a piece of airtight material (plastic, cellophane, foil).
Have another soldier act as the casualty. Use a moulage or otherwise
simulate the chest wound.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, all necessary first aid steps to
treat the casualty's wound. When testing step 1, you can vary the test by
telling the soldier that clothing is stuck to the wound or that a chemical
environment exists.
081-831-1026 3-71
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Uncovered the wound unless clothing is stuck to the
wound or a chemical environment exists. —— ——
2. Applied airtight material over the wound without
touching the inner surface. —— ——
a. Used the fully opened outer wrapper of the
casualty's field dressing or other airtight material.
b. Applied the inner surface of the airtight material
directly over the wound after the casualty exhaled
completely.
c. Held the material in place.
3. Applied the casualty's field dressing. —— ——
a. Applied the dressing, white side down, directly
over the airtight material.
b. Had the casualty breathe normally.
c. Maintained pressure on the dressing while
wrapping the tails around the body back to the starting
point.
d. Tied the tails into a nonslip knot over the center of
the dressing, after the casualty exhaled completely.
e. Checked to make sure the knot is tied firmly
enough to secure the dressing without interfering with
breathing.
4. When practical, applied direct manual pressure over
the dressing for 5 to 10 minutes to help control the
bleeding. —— ——
5. Positioned the casualty on the injured side or in a
sitting position, whichever made breathing easier. —— ——
6. Performed steps 1 through 5 in the correct sequence. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
3-72 081-831-1032
081-831-1032
Perform First Aid for Bleeding of an Extremity
Conditions: You have a casualty who has a bleeding wound of the arm or
leg. The casualty is breathing. Necessary equipment and materials:
casualty's first aid packet, materials to improvise a pressure dressing
(wadding and cravat or strip of cloth), materials to elevate the extremity
(blanket, shelter half, poncho, log, or any available material), rigid object
(stick, tent peg, or similar object), and a strip of cloth.
Standards: Controlled bleeding from the wound following the correct
sequence. Placed a field dressing over the wound with the sides of the
dressing sealed so it did not slip. Checked to ensure the field and pressure
dressing did not have a tourniquet-like effect. Applied a tourniquet to stop
profuse bleeding not stopped by the dressings, or for missing arms and legs.
Performance Steps
1. Uncover the wound unless clothing is stuck to the wound or in a
chemical environment.
WARNING
Do not remove protective clothing in a chemical environment. Apply
dressings over the protective clothing.
Note. If an arm or leg has been cut off, go to step 5.
2. Apply the casualty's field dressing.
a. Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound.
b. Wrap each tail, one at a time, in opposite directions around the
wound so the dressing is covered and both sides are sealed.
c. Tie the tails into a nonslip knot over the outer edge of the dressing,
not over the wound.
d. Check the dressing to make sure it is tied firmly enough to prevent
slipping without causing a tourniquet-like effect.
WARNING
Field and pressure dressings should not have a tourniquet-like effect.
The dressing must be loosened if the skin beyond the injury becomes
cool, blue, or numb.
3. Apply manual pressure and elevate the arm or leg to reduce bleeding, if
necessary.
081-831-1032 3-73
Performance Steps
a. Apply firm manual pressure over the dressing for 5 to 10 minutes.
b. Elevate the injured part above the level of the heart unless a
fracture is suspected and has not been splinted.
4. Apply a pressure dressing if the bleeding continues.
a. Keep the arm or leg elevated.
b. Place a wad of padding directly over the wound.
c. Place an improvised dressing over the wad of padding and wrap it
tightly around the limb.
d. Tie the ends in a nonslip knot directly over the wound.
e. Check the dressing to make sure it does not have a tourniquet-like
effect.
Note. If the bleeding stops, watch the casualty closely, and check for other injuries.
Note. If heavy bleeding continues, apply a tourniquet.
WARNING
The only time a tourniquet should be applied is when an arm or leg has
been cut off or when heavy bleeding cannot be stopped by a pressure
dressing. If only part of a hand or foot has been cut off, the bleeding
should be stopped using a pressure dressing.
5. Apply a tourniquet.
a. Make a tourniquet at least two inches wide.
b. Position the tourniquet.
(1) Place the tourniquet over the smoothed sleeve or trouser leg if
possible.
(2) Place the tourniquet around the limb two to four inches above
the wound between the wound and the heart but not on a joint or directly
over a wound or a fracture.
(3) Place the tourniquet just above, and as close to the joint as
possible, when wounds are just below a joint.
c. Put on the tourniquet.
(1) Tie a half knot.
(2) Place a stick (or similar object) on top of the half knot.
(3) Tie a full knot over the stick.
(4) Twist the stick until the tourniquet is tight around the limb and
bright red bleeding has stopped.
3-74 081-831-1032
Performance Steps
Note. In case of an amputation, dark oozing blood may continue for a short time.
d. Secure the tourniquet. The tourniquet can be secured using the
ends of the tourniquet band or with another piece of cloth as long as the
stick does not unwind.
Note. If a limb is completely amputated, the stump should be padded and
bandaged (do not cover the tourniquet).
Note. If possible, severed limbs or body parts should be saved and transported
with, but out of sight of, the casualty. The body parts should be wrapped in dry,
sterile dressing and placed in a dry, plastic bag and in turn placed in a cool container
(do not soak in water or saline or allow to freeze). It is entirely possible that your
location in the field/combat may not allow for the correct preserving of parts; do what
you can.
WARNING
Do not loosen or release a tourniquet once it has been applied.
e. Mark the casualty's forehead with a letter T using a pen, mud, the
casualty's blood, or whatever is available.
6. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for
other injuries, if necessary, and treat for shock.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Use the same field dressing repeatedly. Have materials available for
a pressure dressing (wadding and cravat or a strip of cloth). Have one
soldier play the part of the casualty and another apply the field and pressure
dressing. Use a moulage or mark a place on the casualty's arm or leg to
simulate a wound. For applying a tourniquet, use a mannequin or simulated
arm or leg (padded length of 2-inch by 4-inch wood with a glove or boot on
one end) with a field dressing appropriately placed on the arm or leg. Under
no circumstances will a live simulated casualty be used to evaluate the
application of a tourniquet. Place the tourniquet materials (a stick and one
or two pieces of cloth) nearby.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, the first aid steps required to
put on a field dressing and, if necessary, a pressure dressing on the
casualty's wound. When testing step 1, you can vary the test by telling the
soldier that clothing is stuck to the wound or that a chemical environment
exists. After step 2 and 3, tell the soldier that the bleeding has not stopped.
After step 4, tell the soldier the bleeding is continuing and ask the soldier to
describe and perform first aid on the simulated arm or leg provided.
081-831-1033 3-75
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Uncovered the wound. —— ——
2. Applied a field dressing. —— ——
3. Applied manual pressure and elevated the arm or
leg, if necessary. —— ——
4. Applied a pressure dressing, if necessary. —— ——
5. Applied a tourniquet, if necessary. —— ——
6. Performed steps 1 through 5, as necessary, in
sequence. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1033
Perform First Aid for an Open Head Wound
Conditions: You see a casualty who has an open head wound. The
casualty is breathing. Necessary equipment and materials: casualty's first
aid packet and a canteen of water.
Standards: Applied a dressing to the wound following the correct sequence
without causing further injury to the casualty. The casualty was properly
positioned and the dressing was secured without applying unnecessary
pressure.
Performance Steps
1. Check the casualty's level of consciousness.
a. Question the casualty.
(1) "What is your name?"
(2) "Where are you?"
(3) "What is today's date (day, month, year)?"
3-76 081-831-1033
Performance Steps
b. Report incorrect answers, inability to answer, or changes in
answers to medical personnel.
2. Position the casualty.
WARNING
Do not move the casualty if he exhibits signs and/or symptoms, other
than minor bleeding, of a neck, spine, or severe head injury.
a. The casualty is conscious or has a minor scalp wound.
(1) Have the casualty sit up unless other injuries prohibit sitting up.
(2) Raise the head slightly if the casualty is lying down and is not
accumulating fluids in his throat.
(3) Turn his head to the side or position the casualty on his side
(opposite the wound) if the wound is bleeding into the mouth or throat.
b. The casualty is unconscious or has a severe head injury.
(1) Treat the casualty as having a potential neck or spinal injury.
Immobilize and do not move the casualty unless absolutely necessary.
(2) Turn the casualty, if he is choking and/or vomiting or bleeding
into the mouth. Position the casualty on his side opposite the wound.
WARNING
If it is necessary to turn a casualty with a suspected neck or spinal
injury, assistance will be required. Roll the casualty gently onto his side
keeping the head, neck, and body aligned while providing support for
the head and neck.
3. Expose the wound by removing the casualty's helmet if necessary.
WARNING
In a chemical environment removing the mask or other protective
clothing could be hazardous to the casualty.
Note. In a chemical environment—
− If the casualty's mask and hood are not breached, do not apply a
dressing. If the all clear has not been given, do not remove the casualty's mask to
treat the wound.
− If the casualty's mask or hood has been breached, and the all clear has
not been given, attempt to repair the breach with tape or wet cloth stuffing. Do not
apply a dressing.
− If the casualty's mask or hood has been breached and the all clear has
been given, remove the mask to apply a dressing.
081-831-1033 3-77
Performance Steps
4. Apply the casualty's field dressing to the wound.
WARNING
To prevent further injury to the casualty—
Do not try to clean the wound.
Do not put unnecessary pressure on the wound.
Do not try to push brain matter back into the head.
Do not give the casualty any food or drink.
Do not move the casualty if a broken neck or broken back is
suspected.
a. Forehead or back of the head.
(1) Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound
with the tails extending toward the sides of the head.
(2) Wrap the tails, one at a time, around the head in opposite
directions making sure the tails cover the dressing but not the eyes and
ears.
(3) Tie the tails at the side of the head using a nonslip knot.
b. Top of the head.
(1) Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound.
(2) Wrap one tail down under the chin and bring it up in front of the
ear over the dressing to a point just above, and in front of, the opposite ear.
(3) Wrap the other tail down under the chin in the opposite direction
and up the side of the head to meet the first tail.
(4) Cross the tails.
(5) Wrap one tail across the forehead above the eyebrows to a
point just above and in front of the opposite ear.
(6) Wrap the other tail above the ear, low over the back of the
head, and above the opposite ear to meet the other tail.
(7) Tie the tails using a nonslip knot.
c. Side of the head or cheek.
(1) Apply the dressing, white side down, directly over the wound
with the tails extending up and down.
(2) Wrap the top tail over the top of the head, down in front of the
ear, under the chin, and up over the dressing to a point just above the ear.
3-78 081-831-1033
Performance Steps
(3) Wrap the other tail in the opposite direction to meet the first tail.
(4) Cross the tails and complete the procedure as follows:
(a) Wrap one tail across the forehead above the eyebrows to a
point just above, and in front of, the opposite ear.
(b) Wrap the other tail above the ear, low over the back of the
head, and above the opposite ear to meet the other tail.
(c) Tie the tails using a nonslip knot.
5. Monitor the casualty.
a. Check the casualty's level of consciousness every 15 minutes.
b. Awaken the casualty every 15 minutes if he falls asleep.
c. Note any changes from earlier checks.
6. Watch the casualty for life-threatening conditions and check for other
injuries, if necessary.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Use the same field dressing repeatedly. Have another soldier act as
the casualty. Use a moulage or otherwise simulate a wound to the forehead,
back of the head, side of the head, cheek, or top of the head. Brief the
casualty on how to answer the soldier's questions during step 1. You can
have a canteen of water available and have the casualty say that he is
thirsty to see if the soldier knows what to do.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, all necessary first aid steps to
treat the casualty's wound. Tell the soldier that it is not in a chemical
environment. After the soldier completes step 4, ask him how often the
casualty's level of consciousness should be checked and what should be
done if the casualty falls asleep. Score step 5 based on the soldier's
responses.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Checked the casualty's level of consciousness. —— ——
2. Positioned the casualty. —— ——
3. Exposed the wound. —— ——
4. Applied the casualty's field dressing. —— ——
5. Monitored the casualty. —— ——
6. Performed steps 1 through 5 in the correct sequence. —— ——
081-831-1034 3-79
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1034
Perform First Aid for a Suspected Fracture
Conditions: You see a casualty who has an arm or leg that you think is
broken. The casualty has no more serious wounds or conditions that have
not been treated. Necessary materials and equipment: splint materials
(boards, poles, tree branches), padding materials (clothing, blanket, field
dressing, leafy vegetation), and tie materials (strips of cloth, belts).
Standards: Splinted the suspected broken arm or leg so the arm or leg did
not move and circulation was not impaired.
Performance Steps
1. Prepare the casualty for splinting.
a. Reassure the casualty if he is conscious and able to understand.
Tell the casualty you will be taking care of him.
b. Loosen any tight or binding clothing.
WARNING
Do not remove any protective clothing or boots in a chemical
environment. Apply the splint over the clothing.
WARNING
Do not remove boots from the casualty unless they are needed to
stabilize a neck injury or there is actual bleeding from the foot.
c. Remove all jewelry from the affected limb and place it in the
casualty's pocket. Tell the casualty that you are doing this to prevent
further injury if swelling occurs later.
2. Get splinting materials.
a. Get splints (wooden boards, tree branches, poles, an unloaded rifle)
long enough to reach beyond the joints above and below the broken part.
3-80 081-831-1034
Performance Steps
b. Get materials to pad the splints, such as a jacket, blanket, poncho,
shelter half, or leafy vegetation.
c. Get tie materials, such as strips of cloth or belts, to tie the splints.
Note. If splinting materials are not available, use the chest wall to immobilize a
suspected fracture of the arm and an uninjured leg to immobilize the fractured leg.
Continue with steps 7 and 8.
3. Pad the splints. Apply padding between the splint and the bony areas
of the body. Suggested sites for padding: wrist, elbow, ankle, knee,
crotch, and armpit.
4. Check for signs of blood circulation problems below the injury.
a. Check light-skinned persons for color of skin (skin may be pale,
white, or a bluish gray color).
b. Check dark-skinned persons by depressing the toenail or fingernail
beds and seeing how fast the color returns. A slower return of color to the
injured side indicates a circulation problem.
c. Check to see if the injured arm or leg feels colder than the uninjured
one.
d. Ask the casualty about the presence of numbness, tightness, or a
cold sensation.
WARNING
If there is a blood circulation problem, evacuate the casualty as soon as
possible.
5. Put on a splint.
WARNING
If the fracture is open, do not attempt to push bones back under the
skin. Apply a field dressing to protect the area.
a. Splint the broken arm or leg in the position in which you find it.
Note. Do not try to reposition or straighten the fracture.
b. Place one splint on each side of the arm or leg. Make sure the
splints reach beyond the joints above and below the fracture.
c. Tie the splints with improvised (or actual) cravats.
(1) Gently place the cravats at a minimum of two points above and
two points below the fracture if possible.
081-831-1034 3-81
Performance Steps
WARNING
Do not tie any cravats directly over the fracture.
(2) Tie nonslip knots on the splint away from the injury.
6. Check the splint for tightness.
a. Make sure the cravats are tight enough to hold the splinting
materials securely in place.
b. Recheck circulation below the injury to make sure circulation is not
impaired.
c. Make any adjustments without allowing the splint to become
ineffective.
7. Apply sling if applicable.
Note. A sling can be used to further immobilize an arm and to provide support by
the uninjured side.
a. Make a sling from any nonstretching material such as a strip of
clothing or blanket, poncho, shelter half, belt, or shirttail.
b. Apply the sling so the supporting pressure is on the casualty's
uninjured side.
c. Make sure the hand of the supported arm is slightly higher than the
elbow.
8. Apply swathes if applicable.
Note. Apply swathes when the casualty has a splinted, suspected fracture of the
elbow or leg, or when a suspected fracture cannot be splinted. (Improvise swathes
from large pieces of cloth or belts.)
WARNING
Place swathes above and/or below the fracture, not over it.
a. Apply swathes to an injured arm by wrapping the swathes over the
injured arm, around the casualty's back, and under the arm on the
uninjured side. Tie the ends on the uninjured side.
b. Apply swathes to an injured leg by wrapping the swathes around
both legs and tying the swathes on the uninjured side.
Note. Watch the casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other
injuries, and seek medical aid.
3-82 081-831-1034
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: You will need another soldier to play the part of the casualty. Have
the casualty lie down or sit. Place splinting materials nearby. Have
available splints, padding, and materials for ties, slings, and swathes that are
appropriate to the fracture location on the arm or leg. If available, have two
or more pairs of splints of varying lengths to help in scoring step 1.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier that the casualty has a suspected closed
fracture and where it is located (lower arm, elbow, upper leg, lower leg). Tell
the soldier to splint the suspected fracture. Do not evaluate step 8 in the
simulated mode.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Used splints that reach beyond the joints above and
below the fracture. —— ——
2. Checked blood circulation below the fracture before
and after applying the splints. —— ——
3. Applied padding between the splints and all bony
areas. —— ——
4. Used at least four ties (two above and two below the
fracture) to secure the splints, if possible. —— ——
5. Tied nonslip knots on the splint away from the injury. —— ——
6. Immobilized the splinted arm or leg using a sling
and/or swathes, as required, to prevent easy movement. —— ——
7. Checked the splint for tightness. —— ——
8. Watched the casualty for life-threatening conditions
and checked for other injuries. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1042 3-83
081-831-1042
Perform Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
Conditions: You see an adult casualty who is unconscious and does not
appear to be breathing. You are not in a chemical environment.
Standards: Gave mouth-to-mouth resuscitation correctly, in the correct
sequence. Continued mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at the rate of about 10
to 12 breaths per minute until the casualty started to breathe on his own, the
soldier was relieved by a qualified person, or the soldier was too tired to go
on.
Note: The standard is based on American Heart Association information.
Performance Steps
1. Roll the casualty onto his back if necessary.
WARNING
The casualty should be carefully rolled as a whole, so the body does
not twist.
2. Open the airway.
Note. If foreign material or vomit is in the mouth, it should be removed as quickly as
possible (see step 7).
a. Head-tilt/chin-lift method.
(1) Kneel at the level of the casualty's shoulders.
(2) Place one hand on the casualty's forehead and apply firm,
backward pressure with the palm to tilt the head back.
(3) Place the fingertips of the other hand under the bony part of the
lower jaw and lift, bringing the chin forward.
Note. Do not use the thumb to lift.
Note. Do not press deeply into the soft tissue under the chin with the fingers.
b. Jaw-thrust method.
Note. This method is usually used for casualties with a neck or severe head injury.
(1) Kneel above the casualty's head (looking toward the casualty's
feet).
(2) Rest your elbows on the ground or floor.
(3) Place one hand on each side of the casualty's head and place
the tips of the index and middle fingers under the angles of the casualty's
lower jaw. Place your thumbs on the jaw just below the level of the teeth.
3-84 081-831-1042
Performance Steps
(4) Raise your fingertips to lift the jaw forward (upward). This
action will also cause the casualty's head to tilt backward somewhat.
Note. If the casualty's lips are still closed after the jaw has been moved forward,
use your thumbs to retract the lower lip and allow air to enter the casualty's mouth.
3. Check for breathing.
a. Check for breathing within 3 to 5 seconds by placing an ear over
the casualty's mouth and looking toward his chest.
b. Look for the chest to rise and fall.
c. Listen for sounds of breathing.
d. Feel for breath on your cheek.
Note. If the casualty resumes breathing at any time during this procedure, the
airway should be kept open and the casualty should be monitored. If the casualty
continues to breathe, he should be transported to medical aid. Otherwise, the
procedure should be continued.
4. Give breaths to ensure an open airway.
Note. When mouth-to-mouth resuscitation breathing cannot be performed because
the casualty has jaw injuries or spasms, the mouth-to-nose method may be more
effective.
Note. Perform the mouth-to-nose method by blowing into the nose while holding the
lips closed. Let air escape by removing your mouth and, in some cases, removing
your mouth and separating the casualty's lips.
a. Maintain the airway and gently pinch the nose closed, using the
hand on the casualty's forehead.
b. Take a deep breath and place your mouth, in an airtight seal,
around the casualty's mouth.
c. Give two full breaths (1 ½ to 2 seconds each), taking a breath
between them, while watching for the chest to rise and fall and listening
and/or feeling for air to escape during exhalation.
Note. If chest rises, go to step 8.
Note. If chest does not rise, continue with step 5.
5. Reposition the casualty's head slightly farther backward and repeat the
breaths.
Note. If chest rises, go to step 8.
Note. If chest does not rise, continue with step 6.
6. Perform abdominal or chest thrusts.
081-831-1042 3-85
Performance Steps
Note. Abdominal thrusts should be used unless the casualty is in the advanced
stages of pregnancy, is very obese, or has a significant abdominal wound.
a. Abdominal thrusts.
(1) Kneel astride the casualty's thighs.
(2) Place the heel of one hand against the casualty's abdomen,
slightly above the navel but well below the tip of the breastbone, with the
fingers pointing toward the casualty's head.
(3) Place the other hand on top of the first.
(4) Press into the abdomen with a quick forward and upward thrust.
Note. Each thrust should be a separate, distinct movement.
(5) Give several thrusts (up to five).
b. Chest thrusts.
(1) Kneel close to the side of the casualty's body.
(2) Locate the lower edge of the casualty's ribs and run the fingers
up along the rib cage to the notch where the ribs meet the breastbone.
(3) Place the middle finger on the notch with the index finger just
above it on the lower end of the breastbone.
(4) Place the heel of the other hand on the lower half of the
breastbone next to the two fingers.
(5) Remove the fingers from the notch and place that hand on top
of the other hand, extending or interlacing the fingers.
(6) Straighten and lock the elbows with the shoulders directly
above the hands.
(7) Without bending the elbows, rocking, or allowing the shoulders
to sag, apply enough pressure to depress the breastbone 1 to 2 inches.
Note. Each thrust should be given slowly, distinctly, and with the intent of relieving
the obstruction.
(8) Give several thrusts (up to five).
7. Perform a finger sweep and repeat breaths.
a. Open the mouth by grasping the tongue and lower jaw to lift the jaw
open or crossing the fingers and thumb to push the teeth apart.
b. Insert the index finger of the other hand down along the cheek to
the base of the tongue.
c. Use a hooking motion from the side of the mouth toward the center
to dislodge the object.
3-86 081-831-1042
Performance Steps
WARNING
Take care not to force the object deeper into the airway.
d. Reopen the airway and repeat the breaths.
Note. If chest rises, go to step 8.
Note. If chest does not rise, repeat steps 6 and 7 until the airway is clear.
8. Check for a pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.
Note. Use the first two fingers in the groove in the casualty's throat beside the
Adam's apple. Do not use the thumb.
a. If a pulse is found but the casualty is not breathing, continue with
step 9.
b. If no pulse is found, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) must be
performed by qualified personnel. Send for qualified medical personnel.
9. Continue mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, at the rate of about 10 to 12
breaths per minute.
10. Recheck for pulse and breathing for 3 to 5 seconds after every 12
breaths.
Note. Once breathing is restored, watch the casualty closely, maintain an open
airway, and check for other injuries.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: For training and testing, you must use a resuscitation training
mannequin (DVC 08-15). Have a bottle of alcohol and swabs or cotton
available. Place the mannequin on the floor and alcohol and cotton balls on
the table. Clean the mannequin's nose and mouth before each soldier is
evaluated.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to do, in order, all necessary steps to restore
breathing. After step 3, tell the soldier that the casualty is not breathing.
When testing steps 4 and 5, you can vary the test by indicating whether the
chest rises or not. If step 7 is tested, tell the soldier that the airway is open.
You can stop the evaluation when the soldier rechecks for the pulse in step
10.
Note: Reference made to the mouth-to-nose method within the task presents
information on an alternate procedure that must be used under some circumstances.
This method will not be evaluated.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Positioned the casualty. —— ——
081-831-1044 3-87
Performance Measures GO NO GO
2. Opened the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift
method. —— ——
3. Checked for breathing. —— ——
4. Gave breaths to ensure an open airway. —— ——
5. Repositioned the casualty's head and repeated
breaths, if necessary. —— ——
6. Performed abdominal thrusts or chest thrusts, if
necessary. —— ——
7. Performed a finger sweep and repeated breaths if
necessary. —— ——
8. Checked for pulse. —— ——
9. Continued mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose
resuscitation. —— ——
10. Rechecked for pulse and breathing after every 12
breaths. —— ——
11. Performed all necessary steps in the correct
sequence. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all performance measures
are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance measure is failed.
If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to do it
correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1044
Perform First Aid for Nerve Agent Injury
Conditions: You and your unit have come under a chemical attack. You
are wearing protective overgarments and/or mask, or they are immediately
available. There are casualties with nerve agent injuries. Necessary
materials and equipment: chemical protective gloves, overgarments,
overboots, protective mask and hood, mask carrier, and nerve agent
antidote autoinjectors. The casualty has three sets of MARK l nerve agent
antidote autoinjectors or three antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjector
3-88 081-831-1044
(ATNAAs) and one convulsant antidote for nerve agents (CANA)
autoinjector.
Standards: Administered correctly the antidote to self, or administered three
sets of MARK l nerve agent antidote autoinjectors or three ATNAAs followed
by the CANA to a buddy following the correct sequence.
Performance Steps
Note. The ATNAA system is a nerve agent antidote device that will be used by the
armed forces. A single ATNAA delivers both the atropine and 2 Pam Cl. The
ATNAA will replace the MARK I when supplies are exhausted. Procedures for
administering ATNAA will be contained in FM 4-25.11 (FM 21-11) and FM 8-285.
Note. When performing first aid on a casualty, seek medical aid as soon as
possible. Do not stop the first aid; if the situation allows, send another person to
find medical aid.
1. Identify mild signs and symptoms of nerve agent poisoning.
a. Unexplained runny nose.
b. Unexplained sudden headache.
c. Excessive flow of saliva (drooling).
d. Tightness of the chest causing breathing difficulties.
e. Difficulty seeing (blurred vision).
f. Muscular twitching around area of exposed or contaminated skin.
g. Stomach cramps.
h. Nausea.
Note. For the above signs and symptoms first aid is considered to be self-aid.
2. React to the chemical hazard.
a. Put on your protective mask.
Note. Seek overhead cover or use a poncho to provide cover, mission permitting.
Do not put on additional protective clothing at this time. Give yourself the nerve
agent antidote first. Then, decontaminate exposed skin areas and put on remaining
protective clothing.
b. Give the alarm.
3. Administer nerve agent antidote to self (self-aid), if necessary.
a. MARK I.
(1) Prepare to administer one atropine injection.
(a) Remove one set of MARK I from your protective mask
carrier, from the pocket of the MOPP suit, or from another location as
specified by your unit SOP.
(b) With one hand, hold the set of injectors by the plastic clip
with the big injector on top.
081-831-1044 3-89
Performance Steps
(c) With the other hand, check the injection site in order to
avoid buttons and objects in pockets where injecting. For injections into
the thigh, grasp the trouser cargo pocket and pull forward, clearing
possible obstructions from the site.
(d) Grasp the small injector without covering or holding the
needle (green) end, and pull it out of the clip with a smooth motion.
(e) Form a fist around the autoinjector with the needle end
(green) extending beyond the little finger end of the fist. Be careful not to
inject yourself in the hand.
Note. If the injection is accidentally given in the hand, another small injector must
be obtained and the injection given in the proper site.
(f) Place the needle end of the injector against the outer thigh
muscle. For injections into the thigh, grasp the trouser cargo pocket and
pull forward, clearing possible obstructions from the site.
Note. The injection can be given in any part of the lateral thigh muscle from about a
hand's width above the knee to a hand's width below the hip joint.
Note. Very thin soldiers should give the injection in the upper outer part of the
buttocks.
CAUTION
When injecting antidote in the buttocks, be very careful to inject only into the
upper, outer quarter of the buttocks to avoid hitting the major nerve that crosses
the buttocks. Hitting the nerve may cause paralysis.
(2) Administer the atropine injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
Note. A jabbing motion is not necessary to trigger the activating mechanism.
(b) Hold the injector firmly in place for at least 10 seconds.
(c) Remove the injector from your muscle and carefully place
the used injector between two fingers of the hand holding the plastic clip.
(3) Prepare to administer one 2 PAM Cl injection.
(a) Pull the large injector out of the clip and form a fist around
the autoinjector with the needle end extending beyond the little finger.
(b) Place the needle (black) end of the injector against the
injection site.
(4) Administer the 2 Pam Cl injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
3-90 081-831-1044
Performance Steps
(b) Hold the injector firmly in place for at least 10 seconds.
b. ATNAA.
(1) Prepare to administer one ATNAA.
(a) Remove one ATNAA from your protective mask carrier,
from the pocket of the MOPP suit, or from another location as specified by
your unit SOP.
(b) Remove the autoinjector from the pouch.
(c) With your dominant hand, hold the ATNAA in your closed
fist with the green needle end extending beyond the little finger in front of
you at eye level.
(d) With your nondominant hand, grasp the safety (gray) cap
with the thumb and first two fingers.
CAUTION
Do not cover or hold the needle end with your hand, thumb, or fingers. You may
accidentally inject yourself.
(e) Pull the safety cap off the bottom of the injector with a
smooth motion and drop it to the ground.
(f) With the nondominant hand, check the injection site in
order to avoid buttons and objects in pockets where injecting. For
injections into the thigh, grasp the trouser cargo pocket and pull forward,
clearing possible obstructions from the site.
(g) Hold the ATNAA in your closed fist with the green needle
end pointing out by your little finger.
(h) Place the needle end of the injector against the outer thigh
muscle.
Note. Very thin soldiers should give the injection in the upper outer part of the
buttocks.
CAUTION
When injecting antidote in the buttocks, be very careful to inject only into the
upper, outer quarter of the buttocks to avoid hitting the major nerve that crosses
the buttocks. Hitting the nerve may cause paralysis.
Note. The injection can be given in any part of the lateral thigh muscle from about a
hand's width above the knee to a hand's width below the hip joint.
(2) Administer the injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
Note. A jabbing motion is not necessary to trigger the activating mechanism.
081-831-1044 3-91
Performance Steps
(b) Hold the injector firmly in place for at least 10 seconds.
(c) Remove the injector from your muscle.
4. Secure the used injectors.
a. Drop the plastic clip (MARK I) without dropping the used injectors.
b. Use a hard surface to bend each needle to form a hook without
tearing protective gloves or clothing.
c. Push the needle of each used injector (one at a time) through one
of the pocket flaps of the protective overgarment.
5. Decontaminate skin if necessary.
Note. Information on this step is provided in Task 031-503-1013.
6. Put on remaining protective clothing.
Note. Information on this step is covered in Task 031-503-1015.
WARNING
If, within 5 to 10 minutes after administering the first set of injections,
your heart begins beating rapidly and your mouth becomes very dry, do
not administer another set of injections.
7. Seek buddy-aid or medical aid.
Note. After you have given yourself the first set of MARK I injections or one ATNAA,
you most likely will not need additional antidote if you are ambulatory and know who
and where you are. If needed, additional injections will be given only by a buddy, a
combat lifesaver, or medical personnel.
8. Identify severe signs and symptoms of nerve agent poisoning.
a. Strange and confused behavior.
b. Gurgling sounds made when breathing.
c. Severely pinpointed pupils.
d. Red eyes with tearing.
e. Vomiting.
f. Severe muscular twitching.
g. Loss of bladder and/or bowel control.
h. Convulsions.
i. Unconsciousness or stoppage of breathing.
Note. If the casualty is exhibiting severe symptoms, assistance (buddy-aid) is
required by the individual to complete first aid treatment.
9. Mask the casualty if necessary.
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Performance Steps
WARNING
Do not kneel at any time while providing aid to the casualty. Contact
with the ground could force the chemical into or through the protective
clothing.
Note. Reposition the casualty on his back, if necessary, to mask the individual.
a. Place the mask on the casualty.
b. If the casualty can follow directions, have him clear the mask.
c. Check for a complete mask seal by covering the inlet valves of the
mask.
d. Pull the protective hood over the head, neck, and shoulders of the
casualty.
e. Position the casualty on the right side, similar to a swimmer
position, with the head slanted down so the casualty will not roll back over.
10. Administer first aid to a nerve agent casualty (buddy-aid).
a. MARK I.
(1) Prepare to administer one atropine injection.
(a) Position yourself near the casualty's thigh.
(b) Remove all three sets of autoinjectors and the single CANA
autoinjector from the casualty's mask carrier, BDU pocket, or from another
location as specified by your unit SOP. Place the autoinjectors and CANA
on the casualty's side. DO NOT place the unused devices on the ground.
(c) With one hand, hold the set of injectors by the plastic clip
with the big injector on top.
(d) With the other hand, check the injection site to avoid
buttons and objects in pockets. For injections into the thigh, grasp the
trouser cargo pocket and pull forward (toward you), clearing possible
obstructions from the site.
(e) Grasp the small injector and pull it out of the clip with a
smooth motion.
(f) Hold the injector in your closed fist with the green needle
end pointing out by your little finger without covering the needle end.
(g) Place the needle end of the injector against the casualty's
outer (lateral) thigh muscle.
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Performance Steps
Note. The injection can be given in any part of the lateral thigh muscle from about a
hand's width above the knee to a hand's width below the hip joint.
Note. Very thin soldiers should be given the injections in the upper outer part of the
buttocks.
WARNING
When injecting antidote in the buttocks, be very careful to inject only
into the upper, outer quarter of the buttocks to avoid hitting the major
nerve that crosses the buttocks. Hitting the nerve may cause paralysis.
(2) Administer the atropine injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
(b) Hold the injector in place for at least 10 seconds.
(c) Remove the injector from the muscle and carefully place
the used injector between two fingers of the hand holding the clip.
(3) Prepare to administer one 2 PAM Cl injection.
(a) Pull the large injector out of the clip and hold the injector in
your closed fist with the black needle end pointing out by your little finger
without covering the needle end.
(b) Place the needle (black) end of the injector against the
injection site.
(4) Administer the 2 PAM Cl injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
(b) Hold the injector in place for at least 10 seconds.
(c) Drop the clip without dropping injectors.
(d) Lay the used injectors on the casualty's side.
Note. Repeat steps 10a (1) through 10a (4) until the casualty has received a total
(including self-administered) of three sets of antidote injections.
b. ATNAA
(1) Prepare to administer one ATNAA.
(a) Obtain three or all remaining ATNAAs and one CANA from
the casualty's protective mask carrier, from the pocket of the MOPP suit, or
from another location as specified by your unit SOP.
(b) Remove one ATNAA from the pouch.
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Performance Steps
(c) With your dominant hand, hold the ATNAA in your closed
fist with the green needle end pointing out by your little finger, in front of
you at eye level.
(d) With your nondominant hand, grasp the safety (gray) cap
with the thumb and first two fingers.
CAUTION
Do not cover or hold the needle end with your hand, thumb, or fingers. You may
accidentally inject yourself.
(e) Pull the safety cap off the bottom of the injector with a
smooth motion and drop it to the ground.
(f) With the nondominant hand, check the injection site in
order to avoid buttons and objects in pockets where injecting. For
injections into the thigh, grasp the trouser cargo pocket and pull forward,
clearing possible obstructions from the site.
(g) Hold the ATNAA in your closed fist.
(h) Place the needle end of the injector against the outer thigh
muscle.
Note. The injection may be given in any part of the lateral thigh muscle from about
a hand's width above the knee to a hand's width below the hip joint.
Note. Very thin soldiers should be given the injection in the upper outer part of the
buttocks.
CAUTION
When injecting antidote in the buttocks, be very careful to inject only into the
upper, outer quarter of the buttocks to avoid hitting the major nerve that crosses
the buttocks. Hitting the nerve may cause paralysis.
(2) Administer the injection.
(a) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure
until it functions.
Note. A jabbing motion is not necessary to trigger the activating mechanism.
(b) Hold the injector firmly in place for at least 10 seconds.
(c) Remove the injector from the muscle.
(d) Place the used injector on the casualty's side.
(3) Repeat the procedure for a total of three ATNAAs.
11. Administer the anticonvulsant, CANA.
a. Prepare to administer the CANA injection.
(1) Tear open the protective plastic packet and remove the injector.
081-831-1044 3-95
Performance Steps
(2) With your dominant hand, hold the injector in your closed fist
with the black needle end pointing out by your little finger.
(3) With the other hand, pull the safety cap off the injector base to
arm the injector.
CAUTION
Do not touch the black (needle) end. You could accidentally inject yourself.
(4) Place the black end of the injector against the casualty's
injection site.
b. Administer the CANA injection.
(1) Push the injector into the muscle with firm, even pressure until it
functions.
(2) Hold the injector in place for at least 10 seconds.
12. Secure the used injectors.
a. Using a hard surface bend each needle to form a hook without
tearing protective gloves or clothing.
b. Push the needle of each used injector (one at a time) through one
of the pocket flaps of the casualty's protective overgarment.
13. Decontaminate the casualty's skin, if necessary.
Note. This information is covered in Task 031-503-1013.
14. Seek medical aid.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: You must use nerve agent antidote injection training aids to train and
evaluate this task. Actual autoinjectors will not be used. For self-aid, have
the soldier dress in MOPP 2. Have the soldier wear a mask carrier
containing a mask and the training nerve agent autoinjectors. For buddy-
aid, have the soldier being tested and the casualty dress in MOPP 2. Have
the casualty lie on the ground wearing the mask carrier containing a mask
and the training nerve agent autoinjectors.
Brief Soldier: For step 1, tell the soldier to state, in any order the mild
symptoms of nerve agent poisoning. The soldier must state seven of the
eight symptoms to be scored GO. Then, tell the soldier that he has mild
symptoms and to take appropriate action. After the soldier completes step
4, ask what should be done next. Then ask what he should do after putting
on all protective clothing. Score steps 5 through 7 based on the soldier's
responses. For step 8, tell the soldier to state, in any order, the severe
symptoms of nerve agent poisoning. The soldier must state eight of the nine
symptoms to be scored GO. Tell the soldier to treat the casualty for nerve
3-96 081-831-1044
agent poisoning. After the soldier completes step 11, ask what else he
should do. Score steps 12 and 13 based on the soldier's responses.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Identified mild signs of nerve agent poisoning. —— ——
2. Reacted to the chemical hazard. —— ——
3. Correctly administered the nerve agent antidote to
self. —— ——
4. Secured the used injectors. —— ——
5. Decontaminated skin, if necessary. —— ——
6. Donned remaining protective clothing. —— ——
7. Sought help (buddy-aid). —— ——
8. Identified severe signs of nerve agent poisoning. —— ——
9. Masked the casualty. —— ——
10. Correctly administered nerve agent antidote to the
casualty. —— ——
11. Secured the used injectors. —— ——
12. Decontaminated the casualty's skin if necessary. —— ——
13. Sought medical aid. —— ——
14. Performed steps 1 through 12 in the correct
sequence. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all the performance
measures are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any of the performance is
failed. If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to
do it correctly.
References
Required Related
DVC 08-36
DVC 08-37
FM 4-25.11
FM 8-285
081-831-1045 3-97
081-831-1045
Perform First Aid for Cold Injuries
Conditions: You see a casualty who has signs and symptoms of a cold
injury. Necessary equipment and materials: canteen of potable water,
blanket or similar item to use for warmth, and dry clothing.
Standards: Identified the type of cold injury and gave the correct first aid.
Performance Steps
Note. When performing first aid on a casualty, seek medical aid as soon as
possible. Do not stop the first aid; but, if the situation allows, send another person to
find medical aid.
1. Identify the type of cold injury.
a. Chilblain/frostnip. If the signs and symptoms are as follows, go to
step 2a.
(1) Prolonged exposure of bare skin at temperatures of 60 degrees
Fahrenheit to 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
(2) Redness or pallor of affected areas.
(3) Absence of pain (numb).
(4) May have ulcerated bleeding skin lesions.
Note. Freezing of superficial skin tissue may occur with frostnip; however, there is
no freezing of the deeper tissues.
b. Frostbite. If the signs and symptoms are as follows, go to step 2b.
(1) Superficial.
(a) Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body.
(b) Sudden whitening of the skin in the affected area followed
by a momentary tingling feeling.
(c) Redness of skin in light-skinned soldiers, grayish coloring
in dark-skinned soldiers.
(2) Deep.
(a) Blisters.
(b) Swelling or tender areas.
(c) Loss of previous feeling of pain in the affected area.
(d) Pale, yellowish, waxy-looking skin.
(e) Frozen area feels solid or wooden to the touch.
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Performance Steps
c. Immersion foot/trench foot. If the signs and symptoms are as
follows, go to step 2c.
(1) Long exposure of feet to wet conditions at temperatures from 50
degrees Fahrenheit to 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
(2) Early stage/first phase.
(a) Affected area feels cold.
(b) Numb and painless.
(3) Later stage/advanced phase.
(a) Limbs feel hot and burning.
(b) Shooting pains.
(c) Affected area is pale with bluish cast.
(d) Pulse strength decreased.
(e) Other signs that may follow include blisters, swelling,
redness, heat, hemorrhages, or gangrene.
d. Snow blindness. If the signs and symptoms are as follows, go to
step 2d.
(1) Scratchy feeling in eyes, as if from sand or dirt.
(2) Watery eyes.
(3) Redness.
(4) Headache.
(5) Increased pain with exposure to light.
e. Hypothermia. If the signs and symptoms are as follows, go to step
2e.
(1) Mild hypothermia (body temperature 90 to 95 degrees
Fahrenheit).
Note. This condition should be suspected in any chronically ill person who is found
in an environment of less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
CAUTION
With generalized hypothermia, the entire body has cooled with the core
temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. (Temperature is provided as a
guide; the common soldier probably would not have a thermometer to use.)
This is a medical emergency.
(a) Conscious, but usually apathetic or lethargic.
(b) Shivering.
(c) Pale cold skin.
(d) Slurred speech.
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Performance Steps
(e) Poor muscle coordination.
(f) Faint pulse.
(2) Severe hypothermia (body temperature 90 degrees Fahrenheit
or lower).
(a) Breathing slow and shallow.
(b) Irregular heart action.
(c) Pulse weaker or absent.
(d) Stupor or unconsciousness.
(e) Ice cold skin.
(f) Rigid muscles.
(g) Glassy eyed.
CAUTION
Hypothermia is a medical emergency. Prompt medical treatment is necessary.
Casualty should be evacuated to medical treatment facility immediately.
f. Dehydration (cold weather). If the signs and symptoms are as
follows, go to step 2f.
(1) Mouth, tongue, and throat are parched and dry.
(2) Swallowing is difficult.
(3) Nausea and dizziness.
(4) Fainting.
(5) Tired and weak.
(6) Muscle cramps especially in the legs.
(7) Focusing eyes may be difficult.
2. Perform first aid for the cold injury.
a. Chilblain/frostnip.
(1) Apply rewarming (body heat).
(a) Apply warmth with casualty's bare hands.
(b) Blow warm air on the affected area.
(c) For hands and fingertips, place hands in armpits.
(2) Protect lesions (if present) with dry sterile dressing.
(3) Seek medical aid.
CAUTION
Do not rub or massage area.
Note. If the condition does not respond to simple care, begin first aid for frostbite.
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Performance Steps
b. Frostbite.
CAUTION
DO NOT—
Rub snow on the frostbitten part.
Massage or rub the frostbitten part.
Use dry or radiant heat to rewarm.
Rupture blisters.
Use ointments or other medications on the part.
Handle a frostbitten extremity roughly.
Allow a thawed extremity to refreeze.
Allow the casualty to use alcohol or tobacco products.
(1) Warm the area using firm, steady pressure of hands, underarm,
or abdomen.
(2) Face, ears, nose—cover with hands (casualty's or a buddy's).
(3) Hands—open casualty's field jacket and place against the body
(under armpits if possible), then close the jacket.
(4) Feet—remove boots, socks, and place feet under clothing and
against the body of another soldier.
CAUTION
Do not remove clothing in a chemical environment.
WARNING
Do not attempt to thaw the casualty's feet, or other seriously frozen
areas, if the soldier will be required to walk or travel to a medical center
to receive medical treatment. The possibility of injury from walking is
less when the feet are frozen than after they have been thawed (if
possible, avoid walking). Thawing in the field increases the possibility
of infection, gangrene, or injury.
(5) Loosen or remove constricting clothing and remove any jewelry.
(6) Increase insulation (cover with blanket or something similar and
dry).
(7) Have the casualty exercise as much as possible, avoiding
trauma to injured part(s).
(8) Seek medical aid. (Evacuate the casualty.)
WARNING
Monitor the casualty for life-threatening conditions and apply
appropriate first aid as necessary.
c. Immersion foot/trench foot.
081-831-1045 3-101
Performance Steps
(1) Gradually rewarm by exposing to warm air.
(2) Protect affected parts from trauma.
(3) Dry feet thoroughly and avoid walking.
(4) Elevate the affected part.
(5) Seek medical treatment. (Evacuate the casualty.)
d. Snow blindness.
(1) Cover the eyes with a dark cloth.
(2) Seek medical treatment. (Evacuate the casualty.)
e. Hypothermia.
CAUTION
This is a medical emergency! Prompt medical treatment is necessary.
(1) Mild.
(a) Rewarm body evenly. (Must provide heat source--campfire
or other soldier's body.)
Note. Merely placing the casualty in a sleeping bag or covering with a blanket is not
enough since the casualty is unable to generate his own body heat.
(b) Keep dry and protect from the elements.
(c) Give warm liquids gradually if the casualty is conscious.
(d) Seek medical treatment immediately.
(2) Severe.
(a) Stabilize the temperature.
(b) Attempt to avoid further heat loss.
(c) Evacuate to the nearest medical treatment facility as soon
as possible.
Note. Rewarming a severely hypothermic casualty in the field is extremely
dangerous. There is a great possibility of complications such as rewarming shock
and disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat.
WARNING
Monitor the casualty for life-threatening conditions.
f. Dehydration.
(1) Keep warm.
(2) Loosen clothes to improve circulation.
(3) Give fluids for fluid replacement.
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Performance Steps
Note. Medical personnel will determine the need for salt replacement.
(4) Rest.
(5) Seek medical assistance.
Evaluation Preparation:
Setup: Have a soldier play the part of the cold injury casualty. Select one
type of cold injury on which to evaluate the soldier. Coach the simulated
casualty on how to answer questions about symptoms. Physical signs and
symptoms that the casualty cannot readily simulate (for example blisters)
must be described to the soldier.
Brief Soldier: Tell the soldier to determine what cold injury the casualty has.
After the cold injury has been identified, ask the soldier to describe the
proper treatment.
Performance Measures GO NO GO
1. Identified the type of cold injury. —— ——
2. Provided the proper first aid for the cold injury. —— ——
Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier GO if all the performance
measures are passed. Score the soldier NO GO if any performance
measure is failed. If the soldier scores NO GO, show what was done wrong
and how to do it correctly.
References
Required Related
FM 4-25.11
081-831-1046
Transport a Casualty
Conditions: You have evaluated and given first aid to a casualty. You need
to move the casualty to get further medical aid. There may or may not be
other soldiers to help. Necessary equipment and materials: two pistol belts
or rifle slings or improvised material that will not cut or bind the casualty
(cravat bandages or litter straps), poncho, shirts or jackets, and poles or tree
limbs.
Standards: Transported the casualty using an appropriate carry without
dropping or causing further injury to the casualty.
081-831-1046 3-103
Performance Steps
1. Select an appropriate carry for the casualty.
Warning
Do not use manual carries to move a casualty with a neck or spine
injury, unless a life-threatening hazard is in the immediate area. Seek
medical personnel for guidance on how to move and transport the
casualty.
a. Fireman's carry. Use for an unconscious or severely injured
casualty.
b. Support carry. Use for a casualty who is able to walk or hop on one
leg.
c. Arms carry. Use for short distances only, for a casualty who is
unable to walk.
d. Saddleback carry. Use for a conscious casualty only.
e. Pack-strap carry. Use for carrying a casualty moderate distances.
f. Pistol-belt carry. Use for long distances. This carry allows the
hands of the casualty and bearer to be free.
g. Pistol-belt drag. Use in combat, generally for short distances.
h. Neck drag. Use in combat, generally for short distances.
CAUTION
Do not use the neck drag if the casualty has a broken arm or a suspected neck
injury.
i. Cradle-drop drag. Use to move a casualty who cannot walk when
being moved up or down stairs.
j. Two-man support carry. Use for both conscious and unconscious
casualties.
k. Two-man arms carry. Use for moderate distances and for placing a
casualty on a litter.
Note. In extreme emergencies, the two-man arms carry is the safest for transporting
a casualty with a back or neck injury. If possible, use two more bearers to keep the
casualty's head and legs in alignment with his body.
l. Two-man fore-and-aft carry. Use for long distances and for placing
a casualty on a litter.
m. Two-hand seat carry. Use for carrying a casualty short distances
and for placing him on a litter.
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Performance Steps
n. Four-hand seat carry. Use for moderate distances for a casualty
who is conscious and can stand but not walk. Can be used to place a
casualty on a litter and is especially useful in transporting a casualty with a
head or foot injury.
o. Use litters if materials are available, if the casualty must be moved
a long distance, or if manual carries will cause further injury.
2. Perform the carry.
a. Fireman's carry.
(1) Kneel at the casualty's uninjured side.
(2) Place casualty's arms above the head.
(3) Cross the ankle on the injured side over the opposite ankle.
(4) Place one of your hands on the shoulder farther from you and
your other hand on his hip or thigh.
(5) Roll the casualty toward you onto his abdomen.
(6) Straddle the casualty.
(7) Place your hands under the casualty's chest and lock them
together.
(8) Lift the casualty to his knees as you move backward.
(9) Continue to move backward, thus straightening the casualty's
legs and locking the knees.
(10) Walk forward, bringing the casualty to a standing position but
tilted slightly backward to prevent the knees from buckling.
(11) Maintain constant support of the casualty with one arm. Free
your other arm, quickly grasp his wrist, and raise the arm high.
(12) Instantly pass your head under the casualty's raised arm,
releasing it as you pass under it.
(13) Move swiftly to face the casualty.
(14) Secure your arms around his waist.
(15) Immediately place your foot between his feet and spread them
(approximately 6 to 8 inches apart).
(16) Again grasp the casualty's wrist and raise the arm high above
your head.
(17) Bend down and pull the casualty's arm over and down your
shoulder bringing his body across your shoulders. At the same time pass
your arm between the legs.
(18) Grasp the casualty's wrist with one hand while placing your
other hand on your knee for support.
081-831-1046 3-105
Performance Steps
(19) Rise with the casualty correctly positioned.
Note. Your other hand is free for use as needed.
b. Support carry.
(1) Raise the casualty to a standing position as in the fireman's
carry.
(2) Grasp the casualty's wrist and draw his arm around your neck.
(3) Place your arm around his waist.
Note. The casualty is thus able to walk using you as a crutch.
c. Arms carry.
(1) Raise the casualty to a standing position as in the fireman's
carry.
(2) Place one arm under the casualty's knees and your other arm
around his back.
(3) Lift the casualty carrying him high to lessen fatigue.
d. Saddleback carry.
(1) Raise the casualty to a standing position as in the fireman's
carry.
(2) Support the casualty by placing an arm around his waist.
(3) Move in front with your back to him.
(4) Have the casualty encircle your neck with his arms.
(5) As you stoop, raise the casualty upon your back.
(6) Clasp your hands together beneath his thighs if possible.
e. Pack-strap carry.
Note. In this carry the casualty's weight rests high on the bearer's back. To
eliminate the possibility of injury to the casualty's arms, the bearer must hold the
casualty's arms in a palms-down position.
(1) Raise the casualty to a standing position as in the fireman's
carry.
(2) Supporting the casualty with your arms around him, grasp the
wrist closer to you.
(3) Place the arm over your head and across your shoulder.
(4) Move in front of the casualty while supporting his weight against
your back.
(5) Grasp the other wrist.
(6) Place this arm over your shoulder.
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Performance Steps
(7) Bending forward, hoist the casualty as high on your back as
possible so all his weight is resting on your back.
f. Pistol-belt carry.
(1) Link two pistol belts (or three, if necessary) together to form a
sling.
Note. If pistol belts are not available for use, other items, such as one rifle sling, two
cravat bandages, two litter straps, or any suitable material that will not cut or bind
the casualty may be used.
(2) Place the sling under the casualty's thighs and lower back so a
loop extends from each side.
(3) Lie face up between the casualty's outstretched legs.
(4) Thrust your arms through the loops.
(5) Grasp the hand and trouser leg on the casualty's injured side.
(6) Roll toward the casualty's uninjured side onto your abdomen,
bringing him onto your back.
(7) Adjust the sling as necessary.
(8) Rise to a kneeling position.
Note. The belt will hold the casualty in place.
(9) Placing one hand on your knee for support, rise to an upright
position.
Note. The casualty is now supported on your shoulders.
(10) Carry the casualty with your hands free for use in rifle firing,
climbing banks, or surmounting obstacles.
g. Pistol-belt drag.
(1) Extend two pistol belts (or three, if necessary) or similar objects
to their full length and join them together to make one loop.
(2) Roll the casualty onto his back.
(3) Pass the loop over the casualty's head and position it across his
chest and under the armpits.
(4) Cross the remaining portion of the loop forming a figure eight.
Note. Keep tension on the belts so they do not become unhooked.
(5) Lie on your side facing the casualty, resting on your elbow.
(6) Slip the loop over your arm and shoulder on which you are
leaning.
(7) Turn away from the casualty onto your abdomen so you can
drag the casualty as you crawl.
081-831-1046 3-107
Performance Steps
h. Neck drag.
WARNING
Do not use the neck drag if the casualty has a broken and/or fractured
arm or a suspected neck injury. If the casualty is unconscious, protect
his head from the ground.
(1) Tie the casualty's hands together at the wrists. (If conscious,
the casualty may clasp his hands together around your neck.)
(2) Straddle the casualty in a kneeling face-to-face position.
(3) Loop the casualty's tied hands over and/or around your neck.
(4) Crawl forward, looking ahead, dragging the casualty with you.
i. Cradle drop drag.
(1) With the casualty lying on his back, kneel at the head.
(2) Slide your hands, palms up, under the casualty's shoulders.
(3) Get a firm hold under his armpits.
(4) Partially rise, supporting the casualty's head on one of your
forearms.
Note. You may bring your elbows together and let the casualty's head rest on both
of your forearms.
(5) With the casualty in a semi-sitting position, rise and drag the
casualty backwards.