Spectronic Genesys 5 Manual

User Manual:

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The information in this publication is provided for reference only. All information contained in this publication is
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Copyright © 2003 by Thermo Electron Corporation, Madison, WI 53711. Printed in the United States of America.
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For technical assistance, please contact:
Technical Support:
Thermo Electron Corporation
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Telephone: 800-642-6538 or 608-276-6373
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SPECTRONIC, GENESYS, WinSpec and SoftCard are trademarks of Thermo Electron Scientific Instruments
Corporation, a subsidiary of Thermo Electron Corporation.
Lotus is a registered trademark of Lotus Development Company.
336001-10063 Rev. W
Declaration of Conformity
(For instruments manufactured after September 1, 2001)
Instruments: GENESYS 2 and GENESYS 5 Spectrophotometers
Thermo Electron Scientific Instruments Corporation certifies that the GENESYS 2 and GENESYS 5 Spectrophotometers have been
tested according to instrumentation standards listed in this section in compliance with IEC directive(s) and other regulatory requirements.
The equipment under test (EUT) consisted of a sample instrument and applicable accessories manufactured by Thermo Electron
Scientific Instruments Corporation. The EUT was configured to ensure that worst case conditions were represented. This equipment has
been tested for use in non-residential environments.
The following instrument models meet the listed directives, when powered from the noise suppressing line cord:
336001-02 336008-02 336001-04 336008-04
336002-02 336009-02 336002-04 336009-04
The instrument MUST include one of the following noise suppression line cords, in order to be compliant with the standards of the
International European Community:
336001-634 U.S. Noise Suppression Line Cord (120 V.A.C.)
336001-635 Eurocord Noise Suppression Line Cord (220 V.A.C.)
336001-636 U.K. Noise Suppression Line Cord (240 V.A.C.)
IEC Directives
89/336/EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive
Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Standards
IEC 61326-1 1998, Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory use - EMC Requirements. Class A Limits
IEC 61000-4-2 1999, Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test (Test level: 4KV Air Discharge and 4 KV Contact Discharge)
IEC 61000-4-3 1998, Radiated, Radio Frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test (Test level: 3V/m)
IEC 61000-4-4 1995, Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity Test (Test level: 1KV on the supply lines)
IEC 61000-4-5 1995, Surge Immunity Test (Test level: 0.5KV line to line and 1KV line to earth on the supply lines)
IEC 61000-4-6 1996, Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields (Test level: 3V on the supply lines)
IEC 61000-4-11 1994, Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions, and Voltage Variations Test Level: 1 cycle/100%
CISPR 16-2 1999, Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods–
Methods of Measurement of Disturbances and Immunity
Safety Test Standards
IEC 61010-1 1990 + A1 1992 +A2 1995. Safety requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and
Laboratory use.
CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1, plus Am 2
IEC 61010-1 1997, Safety requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory use;
Part 1: General Requirements Test level: Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2
Warning: This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be
required to take adequate corrective measures.
Installation restrictions may be applied by supply authorities in relation to harmonics and voltage fluctuation.
Authorized signature:
_______________________________________ ___ Date: ______27May03_____________
Brenda Wilcox
Vice President, Molecular Spectroscopy
FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT FOR U.S.A. USERS
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance
with the reference guide, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply
with the limits in effect at the time of manufacture for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15
of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a
commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which
case the user, at their own expense, will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the
interference.
GENERAL SAFETY NOTES USED IN THIS MANUAL
This symbol alerts you to important information about using the instrument. Be sure to read and
follow the associated instructions carefully.
This symbol alerts you to potential electrical hazards. Be sure that only qualified persons perform
the related procedures.
This symbol alerts you to hot surfaces. Be sure to read and follow the associated instructions
carefully.
This symbol alerts you to potential UV radiation exposure, which can cause eye damage. Wear
UV-opaque eye protection.
NEW PRODUCT WARRANTY
Thermo Electron Corporation instrumentation and related accessories are warranted against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of delivery. This warranty is provided only if the warranty
registration card is returned within fifteen (15) days after delivery.
This warranty covers parts (except those specified below) and labor, and applies only to equipment which has been
installed and operated in accordance with the operator's reference guide and which has been serviced only by
authorized Thermo Electron Corporation dealers or service personnel. This warranty does not apply to equipment
and accessories that have been modified or tampered with in any way, misused, or damaged by accident, neglect, or
conditions beyond Thermo Electron Corporation’s control.
This warranty does not apply to lamps, glassware, and similar expendable components. However, such parts and
components may be warranted by their manufacturer.
Thermo Electron Corporation is not responsible under this warranty for loss in operating performance due to
environmental conditions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR
MERCHANTABILITY OR OTHERWISE, and states Thermo Electron Corporation’s entire and exclusive liability
and the Customer's exclusive remedy for any claim in connection with the sale or furnishing of services, goods, or
parts, their design, suitability for use, installation, or operations. Thermo Electron Corporation will in no event be
liable for any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, whatsoever, including loss of goodwill, whether
grounded in tort (including negligence), strict liability or contract, and Thermo Electron Corporation’s liability under
no circumstances will exceed the contract price for the goods and/or services for which liability is claimed.
UPDATE POLICY
Thermo Electron Corporation may, from time to time, revise the performance of its products, and in doing so incur
no obligation to furnish any such revisions to any Thermo Electron Corporation customer.
SOFTWARE PASSWORD
This password allows you to enter the security section of your spectrophotometer software used on GENESYS 2 and
GENESYS 5 models. Through the security section, you can "lock" test setups (test parameters) so that they may not
be altered. The password also allows you to remove the security so that you may edit the test parameters. Please
refer to the appropriate section in this Operator's Manual for more information on locking a test.
PASSWORD: 4 3 6 3 7 9 7
Main keyboard and screen display of GENESYS spectrophotometers
Contrast
Name of key Function Name of key Function
ACC Sets parameters (e.g., auto MINUS (-) Used for numerical entries
increment, temperature) used to NUMBER KEYS Used for numerical entries
control the automated accessory PERIOD (.) Used for numerical entries
currently installed in the instrument PRINT Sends screen information or test
AUTO ZERO Sets the instrument to 0.0A or results to the selected printer
100%T (internal or external to the
CELL /\ Increments the Multi-Cell Holder instrument)
one position (from position #8, the SAMPLE ID Sets (changes and enters a new
holder will advance to position #1) sample identifier (alphanumeric)
CELL \/ Decrements the Multi-Cell Holder SETUP TESTS Accesses the application program
one position (from position #1, the set-up screen, enabling you to
holder will advance to position #8) enter instrument and test
CLEAR Clears the numeric or alphanumeric parameters for the current test
entry field, one character at a time TEST TYPES Loads a specific test, previously
CONTRAST Controls the contrast of the display stored, from a Memory SoftCard
ENTER Accepts the displayed entry or from the instrument (default test)
EXIT Backs up one screen in the UTILITY Accesses selected instrument
software or out of the screen functions (lamp interchange
currently displayed. Pressing this key wavelength, time/date settings,
causes the instrument to language, turning lamps on and off,
accept any valid changes made. printer/plotter devices, parameters
GOTO WL Sets the analytical wavelength for RS232C port)
Pictogram Component/Status
Tungsten lamp lit
Tungsten lamp burnt out
Deuterium lamp lit
Deuterium lamp burnt out
Printer selected
Pump installed
Pictogram Component/Status
Thermoelectric accessory installed
SoftCard installed in card slot A
SoftCard installed in card slot B
In addition to the above pictograms, a pictogram illustrating a key is displayed on the
screen when you set up a test and "lock" it. This means that the test cannot be edited, it
can only be run. A password must be used to "unlock" the test.
Pictograms used in GENESYS spectrophotometers
Front view of GENESYS 2 and 5 spectrophotometers
KEY
1. Lamp compartment
2. LCD screen
3. Sample compartment
4. Card slots
5. Keyboard
6. Contrast keys
7. Power on/off switch
8. Printer cover
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Setting up the Instrument
Instrument description ............................................ 1-1
Specifications .................................................. 1-2
Environmental and electrical requirements ............................ 1-2
Setting up the instrument ......................................... 1-4
Setting utility parameters ......................................... 1-5
Aligning the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder.............................. 1-6
Preparing Memory SoftCards ...................................... 1-6
Section 2 - Operation
General operating principles ....................................... 2-1
GENESYS software ............................................. 2-1
Saving tests and data ............................................ 2-1
A/%T/C program ................................................ 2-2
Manual A/%T/C measurements .................................... 2-2
Automatic A/%T/C measurements .................................. 2-2
File Manager program ........................................... 2-4
Program Manager program ....................................... 2-7
Advanced Scanning program ...................................... 2-9
Section 3 - Dictionary of Parameters, Keyboard Functions and Soft Keys
Section 4 - Accessories
General Information ............................................. 4-1
Cell Holder Platform ............................................. 4-1
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder ....................................... 4-2
Printers / Plotters ............................................... 4-4
External computers.............................................. 4-7
Accessory Guide ............................................... 4-9
Contents
Section 5 - RS232C Interface
Remote operation ............................................... 5-1
Pin functions ................................................... 5-1
Connecting a device to the RS232C port (interface) .................... 5-2
Setting RS232C parameters ...................................... 5-3
Command descriptions ........................................... 5-4
Section 6 - Maintenance
Routine care ................................................... 6-1
Cleaning ...................................................... 6-1
Cleaning and maintenance of cells ................................ 6-1
Cleaning the windows of the sample compartment .................... 6-2
Cleaning the air filter ........................................... 6-2
Replacing lamps ................................................ 6-2
Replacing the tungsten-halogen lamp .............................. 6-2
Aligning the tungsten lamp vertically ............................... 6-4
Replacing the deuterium lamp .................................... 6-4
Optimizing energy ............................................. 6-6
Replacing the instrument battery ................................... 6-8
Changing the fuse ............................................... 6-8
Changing the voltage setting ...................................... 6-9
Replacing the paper in the internal printer ........................... 6-10
Cleaning the internal printer head ................................ 6-10
Replacement parts ............................................. 6-10
Section 7 - Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
Checking the wavelength calibration ................................ 7-1
Checking photometric linearity ..................................... 7-1
General troubleshooting .......................................... 7-1
Appendix A - Selecting glassware & Preparing samples/standards
Appendix B - Sample Compartment Layout/Dimensions
Appendix C - Optical Description
Index
1 - 1
Section 1 - Setting up the Instrument
Instrument description
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer is an easy-to-use,
UV-Visible wavelength spectrophotometer designed
for quantitative measurements in:
CIndustrial quality control and research laboratories,
including food and beverage, chemical and
pharmaceutical applications
CAcademic research and teaching laboratories
CEnvironmental laboratories, including water and
wastewater applications
The GENESYS spectrophotometer is available in:
CGENESYS 5 spectrophotometer
CGENESYS 2 spectrophotometer
Regardless of model, your GENESYS
spectrophotometer performs absorbance,
% transmittance and concentration measurements
within the wavelength range of 200 to
1100 nanometers. The instrument offers:
CControl and operation of all accessories
CMicroprocessor-controlled 8-Position Multi-Cell
Holder for increased productivity
CAutomatic wavelength calibration on power-up to
ensure the instrument is operating properly
CSplit-beam optical system for stable measurements
GENESYS 2 and 5
The GENESYS 2 and 5 spectrophotometers:
CAccept Application and Memory SoftCards™ for
running applications programs and manipulating
data
CSupport external devices, such as a printer, plotter or
computer
CAutomatically print data to the internal printer or to
an external printer
GENESYS 2 and 5 instruments offer the following
standard features:
CGraphic LCD (40 columns x 16 lines, backlit)
display for easy data plotting, test set-up and
instrument status information; color display on the
GENESYS 2, monochrome display on the
GENESYS 5
CTactile keyboard with audible response so you know
when a key has been completely pressed
CTwo card slots for SoftCards (Application and
Memory) to increase the test and storage capability
of the instrument
CBuilt-in RS232C and Centronics®-compatible ports
to support a wide range of output devices
GENESYS 2 and 5 instruments can use SoftCards.
These small (2" x 4") cards are formatted by the
GENESYS using the standard DOS format, making it
easy to transfer data to and from the instrument. Two
types of SoftCards are available — Application
SoftCards and Memory SoftCards.
A number of Application SoftCards are available. They
contain software used for:
CScanning
CKinetics
CStandard curves
CAbsorbance difference
CAbsorbance ratio
CMultiple wavelength
CSelected data manipulations
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 2
Table 1-1 Environmental & Electrical Requirements
The Advanced Scanning Application SoftCard is
shipped with the GENESYS 2. For information about
Application SoftCards, contact your distributor.
Memory SoftCards are used to store data files and/or
test parameter files. Applications programs can be
transferred from an Application SoftCard to a Memory
SoftCard, enabling you to make your own customized
Application SoftCards. In addition, Memory SoftCards:
CAllow you to view and output data
CStore programs and data and test files
Your GENESYS has two card slots, labeled A and B,
enabling you to have both types of cards (Application
SoftCard and Memory SoftCard) in the instrument at
the same time.
Specifications
Table 1-2 on the next page lists the specifications for
the GENESYS series of spectrophotometers.
Environmental and electrical
requirements
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer has been designed
to operate under the environmental and electrical
requirements listed in Table 1-1 and meets the
IEC 1010-1 international safety standard.
Line voltages (separate models)
115V ± 15% at 50 ± 2 Hz and 60 ± 2 Hz, 2.2 Amp
230V ± 15% at 50 ± 2 Hz and 60 ± 2 Hz, 1.1 Amp
Operating environment - The instrument meets the
specifications on the previous page under the following
conditions after a 30-minute warm-up period.
Ambient temperature Relative humidity
50°F - 75°F 20% - 80%
75°F - 85°F 20% - 70%
85°F - 95°F 20% - 60%
95°F - 105°F 20% - 50%
Storage environment
-40°F to 140°F (-40°C to 60°C) - Relative humidity not
to exceed 60%. Allow instrument to adjust to room
temperature for 24 hours after taking it out of storage.
Temperature should be maintained at ±4°F. Relative
humidity should be maintained to ±5%.
Altitude
From below sea level to 2000 meters (6562 feet)
For indoor use only
Installation Category II
Pollution Degree 2
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 3
Table 1-2 Specifications for GENESYS series of spectrophotometers1, 2
GENESYS 5 GENESYS 2
Spectral slitwidth 5nm 2nm
Optical system Split-beam, dual detectors
Wavelength:
Range
Accuracy
Precision
200 to 1100nm
± 1nm
±0.5 nm (ASTM method #E275-83)
Display Graphic, backlit
monochrome LCD
Graphic, backlit color LCD
Display range -3.0A to 4.0A
Photometric:
Readout
Range
Accuracy3
Absorbance, % Transmittance and Concentration
-0.1 A to 3.000 A; 0 to 125%T
±0.003 A from 0 to 0.3 A
±1% of reading from 0.3 to 2 A
±2% of reading from 2 A to 3 A
Noise (peak-to-peak) ±0.001 A
at 340nm at 0A
±0.0015 A at 340nm at 0A
Drift 0.002 A/hour at 340nm
Stray Radiant Energy40.05 %T at 220nm, 340nm and 400nm
Scan Speeds 300nm min (1pt/ nm),
or
900nm/min (1pt/3nm)
SLOW: up to 200nm/min (1pt/0.3nm)
MEDIUM: up to 600nm/min (1pt/1nm)
FAST: up to 1800nm/min (1pt/3nm)
TURBO: up to 2400nm/min (1pt/6nm)
Slew Speed 27,000nm/min (across full wavelength range)
Standard Cell Holder 8-position, instrument/software controlled
Standard Interfaces RS232C serial and parallel printer ports
Dimensions 47.9 cm (18.9") width x 55.5 cm (22.3") depth x
21.0 cm (8.3") height
Weight 12.3 kg (27 lbs)
1These specifications are valid only after a 30-minute warm-up period and when the required environmental conditions (see previous page) are
met.
2When working in the range of 800 to 1100nm, allow the instrument to warm up for at least an hour.
3Measured using NIST 930D filters
4220nm, 340nm, and 400nm measurements with SPECTRONIC Standards (#333150); 220nm measurement with deuterium lamp; 340nm and
400nm measurements with tungsten-halogen lamp
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 4
Setting up the instrument
1. Unpack the shipping carton and verify that you
have received all the items listed on Table 1-3. If
any item is missing, contact Customer Service
.
Table 1-3 Unpacking list
Description Part #
Zippered Binder Pocket
Memory Card 336090-240
Software Registration Card
File Transfer Disk 336090-260S
Operator’s Manual 336001-10001
App I Manual (GENESYS 5 only) 336090-10031
Registration Card
Dust Cover 336001-232
Spare Tungsten-Halogen Lamp 335401-727
Certificate of Calibration
Unpacking Notice
Line Cord
(models 336001-000 & 336001-07)
336001-634
Line Cord (model 336001-02) 336001-635
Line cord (model 336001-04) 336001-636
2. Place the instrument on a flat, even surface that is:
CAs far as possible from any strong electric or
magnetic fields and from any electrical device
that may generate high-frequency fields
CFree of dust, corrosive gases and strong
vibrations
3. Remove any obstructions or materials that could
hinder the flow of air under, behind and around the
instrument.
4. Before connecting the instrument to a power
source, check the voltage label on the back panel
of the spectrophotometer to determine the pre-set
voltage.
If the voltage shown on the label is not the
same as the voltage of your power sources,
DO NOT PLUG IN THE INSTRUMENT!
Refer to the instructions for Changing the
voltage setting in the Maintenance section.
5. Connect the female end of the power cord into the
connector labeled A/C power on the back panel of
the instrument (see Figure 6-3).
6. Plug the other end of the power cord into a
grounded outlet with the appropriate voltage.
7. Remove the tape used to secure the cell holder
during shipment.
8. If the deuterium lamp was shipped in the sample
compartment, install the lamp according to the
instruction sheet.
9. Ensure that the sample compartment does not
contain any samples, and that the sample
compartment door and the test tube access door are
closed.
10. Turn on the instrument by pressing the power
switch to ON (1=ON, 0=OFF; see diagram on page
ix). The power-on sequence will appear on the
display and the instrument will go through its self-
diagnostics. The instrument performs these
diagnostics in the sequence shown:
1) RAM CHECK
2) BATTERY CHECK
3) FILTER WHEEL INITIALIZATION
4) TUNGSTEN LAMP CHECK
5) DEUTERIUM LAMP CHECK
6) LAMP ALIGNMENT
7) WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION
8) LAMP WARM UP
Note: If necessary, adjust the screen contrast using
the two CONTRAST keys (on the left side of
the LCD screen, see diagram on page ix) until
you obtain the best contrast for your viewing
angle.
11. When the power-on sequence is completed, allow
the lamps to warm up for 30 minutes before taking
any readings.
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 5
Figure 1-1 Utilities Set-Up screen
Figure 1-2 Utilities screen used to select
printer and plotter options
Setting utility parameters
The utility parameters should be set up after the
instrument is first powered up. They include the date
and time, the parameters needed to set up printers and
plotters, and the language.
1. With the Acquisition or Main Menu screen
displayed, press the UTILITY key. The Utilities
screen (Figure 1-1) appears on the display. From
this screen, you can select the language, set the
date and time and select the parameters for a
printer or plotter.
Setting the date and time
CTo change the day, press 5. Type in the number of
the day (use the format XX; use one or two
numbers; e.g., for the first day of the month, type
X, for the fifteenth, type 15) and press ENTER.
CTo change the month, press 4 until the correct
month appears.
C
To change the year, press 6. Type in the number of
the year (use the format XXXX; e.g., for 2003, type
2003) and press ENTER.
CTo change the time, press 7. Type in the time,
using military format (HHMM using a 24-hour
clock; H = hour, M = minutes). For example, to
enter 7:30 a.m., type 0730 and press ENTER. To
enter 7:30 p.m., type 1930 and press ENTER.
Note: Any changes made are saved automatically
(even during power down) by battery backup.
Selecting the language
CPress the number next to Language until the name
of the appropriate language appears.
Note: The instrument supports English, Spanish,
French and German as the language options,
but the Application SoftCards you are using
may not.
Setting up parameters for a printer or plotter
To ensure that the GENESYS spectrophotometer can
output information to a printer or plotter, you need to
select the device. These devices include the internal
printer as well as devices connected to either the serial
port or the (parallel) Centronics-compatible port.
CWith the Utilities screen (Figure 1-1) displayed,
press the NEXT PAGE soft key to access the
printer/plotter options. A screen like the one shown
in Figure 1-2 appears.
Note: In some languages, the utility parameters
appear on different pages. Press the
NEXT PAGE soft key until the
appropriate parameter appears.
C
To select a printer, press the number next to
Printer until the name of the appropriate printer
appears.
C
To select whether or not the printer should
perform a formfeed when it reaches the end of a
page, press the number next to Printer Page
Break until the name of the appropriate selection
(NONE, FORMFEED) appears.
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 6
Figure 1-3 Setting the parameters for the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
CTo select a plotter, press the number next to
Plotter until the name of the appropriate plotter
appears.
Note: For a list of printers and plotters
supported by the GENESYS, refer to the
Accessories section.
CPress EXIT to save the selections and return to the
Acquisition screen.
Print to RS232 function
One of the devices you can select under Printer
options is RS232. When you press PRINT with this
option selected, the data is sent to the RS232C port.
Aligning the 8-Position Multi-Cell
Holder
To align the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder, press the
ACC key. With the Multi-Cell Holder screen
(Figure 1-3) displayed, you can align the accessory.
The ALIGN CELLS soft key function enables the
instrument to position low-volume (semi-micro or
ultra-micro) cells in various cell positions for optimal
results. The instrument optimizes the alignment of the
platform by aligning the cells in the light path for
precise and accurate results. The alignment is saved
when the corresponding test is saved or when the
instrument is powered down.
CWith the Multi-Cell Holder screen (Figure 1-3)
displayed, press the ALIGN CELLS soft key. The
Cell Positions / Platform Alignment screen
appears.
CPlace the cells filled with your reference solution
into the appropriate positions in the cell holder.
CPress the AUTO ALIGN soft key. A message
appears indicating that the cell positions are being
aligned.
Notes:
CA number in a particular position indicates that the
position is being aligned.
CA "P" in a particular position indicates that the
position has been properly aligned.
CAn "F" in a particular position indicates that the
alignment has failed for that position.
CWhen the alignment is complete, press EXIT to
save and return to the Multi-Cell Holder screen.
CIf the alignment failed on any position, press
MANUAL ALIGN and refer to the description in
the Dictionary section for instructions.
Preparing Memory SoftCards
Memory SoftCards purchased with your instrument are
formatted before they are shipped. However, if you
purchase a SoftCard from another source, you must
format it before you can use it in your instrument.
Formatting a Memory SoftCard
1. Insert the Memory SoftCard into one of the card
slots on the instrument.
2. Press the SETUP TESTS key. The Test Setup
screen appears.
Note: The active card slot is shown in reverse
video at the top right-hand corner of the
screen.
3. Press the CHANGE CARD soft key, if necessary,
to select the card slot containing the Memory
SoftCard as the active card slot.
4. Press the FORMAT CARD soft key. The
instrument formats the Memory SoftCard in the
active card slot.
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 7
Securing tests stored on a Memory SoftCard
A special security feature allows test files to be locked
so they can be edited only by authorized personnel.
This feature is available through TEST TYPES and
through FILE OPTIONS. Passwords are required to
lock and unlock the test file.
Note: The password for your instrument is printed in
the front of this manual. You should remove
the page and store the password in a secure
place.
Setting up the Instrument
1 - 8
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2 - 1
Section 2 - Operation
General operating principles
Once you have completed the instrument set-up
procedures in the Setting up the Instrument section
and allowed the instrument to warm up, you can use
your GENESYS spectrophotometer. Simply select the
measurement mode, enter the appropriate wavelength,
put your blank and samples into the instrument and
read the data displayed on the screen.
However, to take full advantage of the instrument's
capabilities, you will probably want to set up some
customized tests using the GENESYS software
provided on SoftCards or in the WinSpec application.
Refer to the appropriate manual (either the SoftCard
manual or the WinSpec manual) for instructions on
using the software.
GENESYS software
The software included with your GENESYS
instrument includes programs for measuring
absorbance, %transmittance and concentration and
for collecting scan data. It also includes programs that
allow you to perform file and program management
tasks such as copying and deleting files and
programs.
Later in this section, you'll find more detailed
descriptions of each of the standard programs:
CA/%T/C program
CFile Manager
CProgram Manager
CScanning program
The descriptions include flowcharts to help you
become familiar with how to move around within the
software, and some step-by-step guidelines for using
the software.
For specific information about the options, keyboard
functions and soft keys used to set up and operate
your instrument, refer to the Dictionary section.
Saving tests and data
When you power-down the instrument, the current
test is maintained by battery back-up. This means that
when you turn the instrument on again, the cell holder
alignment and values for all parameters will be the
same as they were when the instrument was last used.
When you load a test that has been saved, the values
for all parameters stored with that test will replace the
current values for the test parameters.
As you create customized tests and collect data, you
will be saving both tests and data for later use. The
GENESYS spectrophotometer stores information in
two types of files:
CTest files contain the values for all the parameters
needed to run a test, including the alignment of the
cell holder and the other parameters for the
accessories installed. Once you select the values
for the parameters, you can assign a test name and
save the test. You can then restore the test and run
it without having to set up the parameters again.
CData files contain the data collected when you run
a test. You can view the stored data in graphical
scan or kinetics or tabular form. The "default" data
file contains the scan data for the last scan
acquired. When you collect new scan data, the new
scan is displayed and replaces the default.
Note: The acquisition parameters are not stored
with the data files.
The scanning program also includes post-processing
functions that allow you to manipulate scan data.
When you run the scanning program (standard on the
GENESYS 2 only), you can generate data files
containing multiple sets of data. The instrument saves
all sets of data for each test run in a single data file. A
number appears in square brackets next to the data
filename indicating how many sets of data are in the
data file.
For example, the data file H247P94 [6] contains six
sets of scan data. These data files would be accessed
individually as H247P94 (0), H247P94 (1),
H247P94 (2), etc.
Operation
2 - 2
Figure 2-1 A/%T/C Acquisition screen
A/%T/C program
The A/%T/C program takes measurements in
absorbance, transmittance or concentration mode.
When you select the A/%T/C program from the Main
Menu, the A/%T/C Acquisition screen (Figure 2-1)
appears.
You can take A/%T/C measurements manually or
automatically. The manual method is quick and easy,
but you must set the mode, wavelength, and cell
position. It also limits you to single measurements.
The automatic method takes a bit longer to set up, but
allows you to run the same test over and over again.
It also allows you to obtain multiple readings
automatically.
The flowchart on the next page shows how to operate
the A/%T/C program.
Manual A/%T/C measurements
Setting up manual A/%T/C measurements requires
only a few steps — select the mode and wavelength,
position the cell in the light path and take the
measurement.
To take A/%T/C measurements manually:
CSelect the mode for the measurement by pressing
MODE: A/%T/C until the desired mode appears
CSet the wavelength by pressing GOTO WL and
entering the desired value
CPosition the cells by pressing CELL v or CELL w
CInsert the blank into the current cell position
CZero the instrument by pressing AUTOZERO
CInsert the sample into the current cell position
CObserve the measurement on the screen or print
out the result by pressing PRINT
Automatic A/%T/C measurements
When you set up a test to take measurements
automatically, you are not limited to single
measurements — the test will run until all samples
have been measured. In addition, once you have set
up and saved a test, you can restore it and run it at a
later time.
When taking measurements automatically, you can
use a sample identifier (ID) to name each sample. The
sample ID can be up to 10 characters (alphabetic or
numeric), but it must be completely numeric if you
want the ID to increment automatically as sample
measurements are taken.
Instead of the sample ID, you can specify a preset
label to indicate the type of sample you are
measuring. For example, you may use a preset label
to indicate that a particular set of measurements is for
a series of controls.
Operation
2 - 3
Operation
2 - 4
Refer to the Dictionary section for instructions about
keyboard functions, parameters, options and soft key
functions.
Set up a new test:
CSelect the mode for the measurement by pressing
MODE: A/%T/C until the desired mode appears
CSet the sample ID by pressing SAMPLE ID and
entering the identifier or preset label (optional)
CSet up cell holders and blank location by pressing
ACC (optional)
- Turn ON Auto Increment if you want the
instrument to advance the cell holder
automatically after each measurement
- Specify which cell positions are empty and
which contain samples
- Specify the location of the blank
- Select Serial or Parallel data collection
- Turn ON Automatic Initiation of Multi-Cell
Holder if desired
CSet up the following test parameters by pressing
SETUP TEST (optional):
-Test name
- Name of file to contain the test data
- Analytical wavelength
- Number of samples
- Initial delay
- High and low limits for test results
- AutoPrint function
- AutoSave function
CSave the test by pressing SAVE TEST and
entering a test name (optional)
OR
Restore a test:
CPress TEST TYPES to display the TEST TYPES
screen
CPress the number next to the name of the test you
want restored
THEN
Run the test:
CMake sure you have the test parameters set or you
have restored the appropriate test
CLoad your blank and samples into the cell holder
according to the cell assignments
CRun the test by pressing MEASURE. Remember
that when you run a test, the instrument runs the
entire test automatically. You can press STOP
TEST to interrupt the test at any time.
File Manager program
The File Manager program allows you to access data
files and application program directories, and to
perform routine functions on your files, such as
viewing, copying, renaming, deleting, converting to
ASCII format and converting to Lotus format.
Using the File Manager Program, you can:
CCopy a directory and its contents from one
SoftCard to a second SoftCard (DIRECTORY
OPTIONS)
CView the directories on both SoftCards
CView the files (test or data) in a specific directory
CView the contents of a file (test or data)
CDelete files (DELETE, DELETE ALL)
CRename files (RENAME)
CCopy files (COPY, COPY ALL)
CConvert files (single or multiple) to ASCII or
Lotus® format (CONVERSION OPTIONS)
CTransfer files (single or multiple) to an
IBM™-compatible personal computer (PC) in
ASCII or Lotus format (CONVERSION
OPTIONS)
The flowchart on the next page shows how to operate
the File Manager program.
Operation
2 - 5
Operation
2 - 6
Figure 2-2 File Manager screen
When you select File Manager from the Main
Menu, a screen like the one shown in Figure 2-2
appears.
In the upper-right corner of this screen, the active
SoftCard is identified in reverse video. The screen
also displays the space available on the active
SoftCard.
From this screen you can also display the contents of
a file. When you select a directory, a screen appears
listing all the files in that directory. When you select
a specific file, a screen appears listing the contents of
that file:
CTest files contain a list of all the parameters and
their values
CData files contain all the data obtained during a
test
Refer to the Dictionary section for instructions about
keyboard functions, parameters, options and soft key
functions.
Transferring files in ASCII or Lotus format
The file transfer function allows you to transfer test
and data files from Memory SoftCards installed in a
GENESYS spectrophotometer to an IBM-compatible
personal computer. You may transfer a single file or
all the files in a selected directory.
The available formats are:
CASCII format - suitable for importing into a word
processing program
CLotus format - suitable for importing into a
spreadsheet program
To transfer a file to an IBM-compatible PC:
• The file transfer program must be installed on the
PC. To install the program, copy the genxfer.exe
file from the File Transfer Program diskette
(shipped with instrument) to one of the hard drives
on the PC.
Example:
C:\>copy b:\genxfer.exe c:\
• The spectrophotometer is connected to a serial
(RS232C) port on the PC as described in the
RS232C Interface section. The program defaults to
COM1: as the port being used.
In addition, the RS232C parameters set using
UTILITY must be identical to those on the PC. If
they are not, the File Transfer Program will not
function.
GENESYS instruments and the File Transfer
Program use the YMODEM file transfer protocol to
communicate. The File Transfer Program defaults
to the following RS232C parameters:
CBaud rate = 9600
CParity = NONE
CPort = COM1
To transfer a file from the instrument to your PC
using the default parameter settings, make sure that:
CThe RS232C parameters on the instrument (Utility
screen) are set as follows:
- Baud rate = 9600
- Parity = NONE
If you need to override these defaults, you can use the
following command line options:
-pe parity = EVEN
-po parity = ODD
-pn parity = NONE (default)
-b300 baud rate = 300
-b1200 baud rate = 1200
-b2400 baud rate = 2400
-b4800 baud rate = 4800
-b9600 baud rate = 9600 (default)
-c1 port = COM1 (default)
Operation
2 - 7
-c2 port = COM2
-c3 port = COM3
-c4 port = COM4
For example, entering the command line
genxfer.exe -pe -b2400 -c2
sets the parity to EVEN, the baud rate to 2400 and the
port to COM2.
To transfer a single file:
1. On your PC, change to the directory containing the
genxfer.exe file and type genxfer.exe to run the
File Transfer Program.
2. With the File Manager screen (Figure 2-2)
displayed on the screen of your instrument, press
the number of the directory containing the file you
want to transfer. For example, to transfer files in
the ABS/%T/CONC directory, press 1. A screen
appears listing the names of the available files.
3. Press the number of the file you want transferred.
A screen appears listing the contents of the file.
4. Press CONVERSION OPTIONS. A screen
appears listing the conversion options.
5. Press the number corresponding to the format you
want used for the transfer. The selected file will be
transferred in the selected format and will appear
in the current PC directory.
Note: Files transferred in ASCII format will be
given the extension .asc and those in Lotus
format will be given the extension .lts.
A message will appear on the screen of the
instrument indicating that the transfer is
complete.
To transfer all the files in a selected directory:
1. On your PC, change to the directory containing the
genxfer.exe file and type genxfer.exe to run the
File Transfer Program.
2. With the File Manager screen (Figure 2-2)
displayed on the screen of your instrument, press
DIRECTORY OPTIONS. A screen appears
listing the available directories.
3. Press the number of the directory containing the
files you want to transfer. For example, to transfer
all the files in the ABS/%T/CONC directory
shown in Figure 2-3, press 1. A screen appears
listing the names of the available files.
4. Press FILE OPTIONS. A screen appears listing
the options.
5. Press the number corresponding to the format you
want used for the transfer. All the files in the
selected directory will be transferred in the
selected format and will appear in the current PC
directory.
Note: Files transferred in ASCII format will be
given the extension .asc and those in Lotus
format will be given the extension .lts.
A message will appear on the screen of the
instrument indicating that the transfer is
complete.
Program Manager program
The Program Manager allows you to install or
remove an application program from a Memory
SoftCard. This allows you to customize your Memory
SoftCards. For example, you may install the Survey
Scan program on a Memory SoftCard and also store
subsequent scans on the same Memory SoftCard.
The flowchart on the next page shows how to operate
the Program Manager program.
Operation
2 - 8
Operation
2 - 9
Figure 2-3 Program Manager screen
Figure 2-4 Scanning main screen
When you select Program Manager from the Main
Menu, a screen like the one shown in Figure 2-3
appears.
In the upper-right corner of the Program Manager
screen, the active SoftCard is highlighted in reverse
video. The screen also displays the available space on
the active SoftCard.
The Program Manager screen is split to display the
contents (application programs) of both SoftCards
installed in the instrument.
Notes:
CThe list includes names of application programs
only.
CThe NEXT PAGE soft key appears when all the
application programs will not fit on one screen.
Press NEXT PAGE to view any additional pages.
Advanced Scanning program
(GENESYS 2 only)
The scanning program obtains a spectrum for a
sample in absorbance, transmittance, or derivative
(first, second or fourth) mode. Some models of the
GENESYS 2 are shipped with the scanning program
pre-loaded, so the scanning program appears on the
Main Menu when you start up the instrument. A
Memory SoftCard must be inserted into slot A or B to
run the scanning program.
If you received a Scanning Application SoftCard with
your GENESYS 2 spectrophotometer, insert the card
into slot A at the front of the instrument and a
Memory SoftCard into slot B. When you turn on the
instrument, the scanning program appears on the
Main Menu.
When you select the scanning program from the
Main Menu, the Scanning screen (Figure 2-4)
appears.
The flowchart on the next page shows how to operate
the Scanning program.
Operation
2 - 10
Operation
2 - 11
Collecting scan data
Set up a new test:
CSet up cell holders and blank location by pressing
ACC
- Turn ON Auto Increment if you want the
instrument to advance the cell holder
automatically after each measurement
- Specify which cell positions are empty and
which contain samples
- Specify the location of the blank
- Select Serial or Parallel data collection
- Turn ON Automatic Initiation of Multi-Cell
Holder if desired
CSet up the following test parameters by pressing
SETUP TEST (optional)
-Test name
- Name of file to contain the test data
- Start and stop wavelengths for the scan
- Scan speed
- Measurement mode (absorbance or
%transmittance)
- Derivative scan (first, second, fourth)
- Smoothing (low, medium, high)
- AutoPrint function
- Repeat scans
- Overlay scans
OR
Restore a test:
CPress TEST TYPES to display the TEST TYPES
screen
CPress the number next to the name of the test you
want restored
THEN
Collect the scan data:
CMake sure you have the test parameters set or you
have restored the appropriate test
CLoad your blank and samples into the cell holder
according to the cell assignments
CCollect a baseline scan by pressing COLLECT
BASELINE
CCollect scan data by pressing SCAN
Refer to the Dictionary section for instructions about
keyboard functions, parameters, options and soft key
functions.
Processing scan data
Once you have collected data, you can display it on
the screen and process it in several ways:
CChange the way the data is displayed (DISPLAY
FUNCTIONS):
- Label a curve with measurements at peaks and
valleys
CPerform scaling functions (SCALE
FUNCTIONS):
- Manually or automatically scale displayed data
by changing the scale of the X- and Y-axes
- Use a cursor to obtain the absorbance value for a
selected point on a displayed curve
CPerform mathematical manipulations (MATH
FUNCTIONS):
- Switch between absorbance and %transmittance
modes by pressing MODE: A/%T
- Calculate first, second or fourth derivative of an
absorbance scan
- Addition/ subtraction of a constant or another
scan, multiplication by a constant)
- Determine 3-point net absorbance for a displayed
curve
- Calculate area under a displayed curve
These functions are all accessed through the POST
PROCESS soft key that appears on the Scanning
main screen.
Note: The POST PROCESS functions are available
only when data is displayed on the screen.
Only the active scan (the scan displayed in
white) will be processed.
Once a post-processing operation has been
performed, you can print or save the data. If you exit,
the post-processed data will be erased.
Operation
2 - 12
Figure 2-5 POST PROCESS screen
When you press POST PROCESS, a screen like the
one shown in Figure 2-5 appears.
You can also save scan data, load previously saved
data files and unload data files (FILE OPTIONS).
Refer to the Dictionary section for instructions about
keyboard functions, parameters, options and soft key
functions.
3 - 1
Section 3 - Dictionary of Parameters,
Keyboard Functions and Soft Keys
This section contains definitions, descriptions,
instructions and limits for each parameter, keyboard
function and soft key function available on the
GENESYS 2 and 5 spectrophotometers.
The entries in this section are arranged alphabetically
to help you find what you are looking for quickly and
easily.
The descriptions also include specific symbols to
identify which keys are found on the keyboard and
which are soft keys:
Keyboard key
Soft key
All other entries are parameters or options on menus.
Dictionary
3 - 2
ACC
Sets parameters (e.g., auto increment,
temperature) used to control the automated
accessory installed in the instrument.
CPress ACC to list the parameters available for
whatever accessory is installed.
ADD
Allows you to create concentration units.
CPress ADD to display the UNITS SELECTION
Input screen. Use the arrow soft keys to move
the cursor around the screen to highlight the
desired character, then press ENTER.
CWhen you have selected all the characters, press
EXIT.
Note:
CA maximum of 10 characters may be selected.
ADD A SCAN
Allows you to add data from a selected scan to the
scan data displayed on the screen.
CSelect ADD A SCAN to list the data files stored
on the active card
CSelect the data file containing the data to be
added to the scan data displayed on the screen.
The instrument sums the data and plots the
summed data on the screen.
ADD/SUBTRACT A CONSTANT
Allows you to add a constant to, or subtract a
constant from, the scan data displayed on the
screen.
CSelect ADD/SUBTRACT A CONSTANT to
enter the constant you want added to or
subtracted from the scan data displayed on the
screen. The instrument calculates the sum or
difference and plots the data on the screen.
Limits: -999.9 to +999.9
ALIGN CELLS
Enables the instrument to align low-volume
(semi-micro or ultra-micro) cells in the light path
for precise and accurate results. The alignment is
saved when the corresponding test is saved and
when the instrument is powered down.
CPress ALIGN CELLS to display the CELL
POSITIONS / PLATFORM ALIGNMENT
screen.
CSelect either the automatic or manual alignment
procedure. Refer to AUTO ALIGN (page 3-4)
or MANUAL ALIGN (page 3-13) for
instructions.
ALIGN LAMP
Aligns the tungsten lamp after it has been replaced.
Refer to the Maintenance section for specific
instructions on aligning the tungsten lamp.
Dictionary
3 - 3
Figure 3-1 Area under a curve screen with
calculation
Figure 3-2 Baseline and tangent methods for calculating area under
a curve
AREA UNDER CURVE
Determines the area under a curve defined by two
wavelengths. The area can be calculated using
either the "baseline" method or the "tangent"
method.
Figure 3-2 shows the two methods. When using
the "baseline" method, the calculated area is Area
A+B in Figure 3-2; when using the "tangent"
method, the calculated area is Area A only.
CPress AREA UNDER CURVE to display a
cursor line to help you select the wavelengths for
the calculation.
CPress the 6 soft key to move the cursor line to
the first wavelength or use the numeric keypad to
type the wavelength, then press ENTER to select
the first wavelength.
CRepeat for the second wavelength. The
calculated area under the curve, the baseline for
the selected curve appear on the screen and the
type of calculation used (baseline or tangent
method) appear on the screen.
Notes:
CAs you move the cursor line, the current
wavelength and data value at that position are
displayed below the X-axis.
CIf you wish to multiply the calculated area under
the curve by a factor, press FACTOR, type in its
value and press ENTER. The factor appears on
the screen.
CIf you wish to switch to the other calculation
method (tangent or baseline), press
TANGENT/BASELINE and select the
wavelengths for the calculation.
Dictionary
3 - 4
ASSIGN CELL POSITIONS
Assigns cell positions as either SAMPLE or
EMPTY.
The 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder provides eight
positions. However, you may install other types of
cell holders on the platform. For example, if you
have replaced the Multi-Cell Holder with three
longpath cell holders (installed on the Cell Holder
Platform) in positions 3, 5 and 7, you would
designate these as SAMPLE positions.
CPress ASSIGN CELL POSITIONS to list each
cell position and its current assignment.
CPress the number of the cell position you want to
assign until the setting you want (SAMPLE or
EMPTY) is displayed
CContinue until you have assigned all the
appropriate cell positions.
CPress EXIT to save all cell position assignments
automatically.
Note:
CThe blank position can only be changed from the
Multi-Cell Holder screen, not from the Assign
Cell Positions screen.
AUTO ALIGN
Automatically aligns the cells in the light path for
precise and accurate results. The alignment is
saved when the corresponding test is saved or
when the instrument is powered down.
CPress ALIGN CELLS to display the Cell
Positions / Platform Alignment screen.
CPlace the cells into the appropriate positions in
the cell holder and press AUTO ALIGN. A
message appears, indicating that the cell
positions are being aligned:
- A number in a particular position indicates
that the position is being aligned.
-A "P" in a particular position indicates that the
position has been properly aligned.
- An "F" in a particular position indicates that
the alignment has failed for that position.
- If the alignment failed on any position,
perform a manual alignment (see MANUAL
ALIGN on page 3-13).
AUTO INCREMENT
When ON, the instrument automatically moves the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder to the next position
after a measurement is taken.
Notes:
Ensure that Auto Increment is set correctly for
single or multiple sample measuring:
CTo acquire multiple readings on a single sample,
set Auto Increment to OFF.
CTo acquire a single reading on up to eight
samples, set Auto Increment to ON.
AUTO SCALE
Instructs the instrument to replot the graph using
all the data.
AUTO ZERO
Sets the instrument to 0.0A or 100%T.
Notes:
CIf a blank position (1 to 8) is selected and AUTO
ZERO is pressed, the cell positioner moves to
the blank position and sets 0.0A (100%T).
CIf no blank position (NONE) is selected and
AUTO ZERO is pressed, the instrument sets
0.0A (100%T) on the cell position currently in
the light beam.
AUTOMATIC INITIATION OF
MULTI-CELL HOLDER
When ON, the instrument automatically
repositions the instrument platform at the "home"
position each time MEASURE is pressed. When
OFF, the platform will be repositioned at the
"home" position only when INITIATE
PLATFORM is pressed.
This operation is required when the cell holder has
been moved out of alignment while loading
samples or sample holders.
Dictionary
3 - 5
AUTOPRINT
When ON, prints data automatically after data
collection.
Note:
CA printer must be installed for AutoPrint to
function.
AUTOSAVE DATA
Instructs the instrument to save data automatically
after collection. If you want data saved
automatically, you must insert a formatted
Memory SoftCard in either card slot A or B.
CPress AUTOSAVE DATA until the desired
setting (OFF, CARD A, CARD B) is displayed.
BLANK POSITION
Selects the cell position of the blank. You may
select one blank position (or none).
Limits: NONE, 1 to 8
CPress BLANK POSITION until the appropriate
cell position is displayed.
CANCEL
Cancels a selected operation. This soft key
function appears if an error occurs while
performing an operation.
CPress CANCEL to cancel the operation.
CELL v
Increments the Multi-Cell Holder one
position.
CPress CELL v until the desired cell position is in
the light path.
Note:
CIf the holder is in position #8, it will advance to
position #1.
CELL w
Decrements the Multi-Cell Holder one
position.
CPress CELL w until the desired cell position is in
the light path.
Note:
CIf the holder is in position #1, it will advance to
position #8.
CELL ASSIGNMENT
Displays the current cell assignments (SAMPLE,
EMPTY) for a stored test.
CHANGE
Changes the concentration units.
CPress CHANGE to list the current concentration
units.
CPress the number corresponding to the units to be
changed.
CPress ENTER. The UNITS SELECTION
Input screen appears.
CUse the arrow soft keys to move the cursor
around the screen to highlight the desired
character, then press ENTER.
CWhen you have selected all the characters, press
EXIT.
Notes:
CA maximum of 10 characters may be selected.
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
CHANGE CARD
Switches between CARD A and CARD B. The
active card is shown in reverse video at the top of
the screen.
CPress CHANGE CARD to activate the other
SoftCard. For example, if the active SoftCard is
in card slot B, pressing CHANGE CARD
would change the active SoftCard to the one
installed in card slot A.
Dictionary
3 - 6
CLEAR
Clears the numeric or alphanumeric entry
field, one character at a time.
CPress CLEAR until the desired characters are
deleted.
COLLECT BASELINE
Collects a baseline over the specified wavelength
range of a scan.
To ensure that scan data is corrected for optical
and solvent variations across a range of
wavelengths, the instrument requires a valid
baseline.
Whenever you change the test setup or load a
different test, the instrument checks the start and
stop wavelength values and the scan speed. If the
scan speed is lower than the previous setting or if
either wavelength value is outside the range of the
current scanning baseline, the message "New
Baseline Required" appears. When the instrument
has collected the baseline data, the date and time
when the baseline was collected are displayed on
the screen.
CEnsure that the start and stop wavelengths match
those of the test you want to run, load your blank
in the blank position of the cell holder and close
the cover of the sample compartment.
CPress COLLECT BASELINE. When the
instrument has collected the baseline data, the
date and time when the baseline was collected
are displayed on the screen.
Notes:
CMake sure that the appropriate lamp is turned
ON (use UTILITY to turn lamps ON and OFF).
If a lamp is turned OFF but is needed for the
selected wavelength range, the message "Setting
lamp state. . ." is displayed and the instrument
automatically turns ON the lamp.
CBe sure to select the BLANK position using the
ACC key. If no blank position is defined, the
baseline will be collected for the current position.
CONTRAST
Two keys control the contrast of the
display.
CPress the top CONTRAST key to lighten the
display.
CPress bottom CONTRAST key to darken the
display.
CONVERSION OPTIONS
Allows you to convert GENESYS test and data
files to either ASCII or Lotus format.
CPress CONVERSION OPTIONS to list the
available conversion options.
CPress the number corresponding to the type of
conversion you want done on the file. When the
file has been converted, the message "Operation
successful" appears on the screen.
CONVERT ALL
Converts all selected files to the selected format
(ASCII or Lotus) at one time.
CONVERT TO ASCII FORMAT
Converts selected file(s) to ASCII format (suitable
for importing into a word processing program).
CSelect CONVERT TO ASCII FORMAT to
display a list of files.
CPress the number corresponding to the file you
want converted. The file is converted to ASCII
format.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Dictionary
3 - 7
CONVERT TO LOTUS FORMAT
Converts selected file(s) to Lotus format (suitable
for importing into a spreadsheet program).
CSelect CONVERT TO LOTUS FORMAT to
display a list of files.
CPress the number corresponding to the file you
want converted. The file is converted to Lotus
format.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
COPY ALL
Copies all the directories on one SoftCard or all
the files in a selected directory to another SoftCard
at one time.
COPY DIRECTORY
Copies a selected directory on one SoftCard to
another SoftCard.
CPress the number corresponding to the directory
you want copied.
CPress COPY DIRECTORY.
COPY TO OTHER CARD
Copies selected file(s) on one SoftCard to another
SoftCard.
CSelect COPY TO OTHER CARD to display a
list of files.
CPress the number corresponding to the file you
want copied. The file is copied to the other
SoftCard.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
CURSOR
Provides a cursor line to select wavelengths and
data values on a displayed scan.
CPress CURSOR to display a vertical line and to
identify the two arrow soft keys.
CUse the left and right arrow soft keys to move the
cursor. The current wavelength and data value
are displayed below the X-axis.
DATA COLLECTION TYPE
Specifies the type of data collection for the
measurement:
CSerial - The blank is measured once, then each
sample is measured
CParallel - The blank is measured immediately
before each sample is measured
CPress the number next to Data Collection Type
until the desired selection is displayed.
Note:
CIf the blank position is set to NONE, only
SERIAL data collection is allowed.
DATA FILENAME
Allows entry of a data filename. The filename will
be used when the AutoSave function is ON.
CPress DATA FILENAME to display the DATA
FILENAME Input screen.
CUse the arrow soft keys to highlight the first
character to be used for the data filename and
press ENTER to select it.
CContinue until you have selected all the
characters for the data filename, then press
EXIT.
Notes:
CA maximum of eight characters is allowed for the
filename.
CA Memory SoftCard must be inserted in a card
slot for the AutoSave Data function to be
operational.
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
Dictionary
3 - 8
DATA MODE: ABS/%T
Switches between absorbance and transmittance
modes for scan data displayed on the screen.
CPress DATA MODE: ABS/%T until the desired
selection is displayed.
DATE, DAY
Selects a numerical day of the month.
CPress the number next to Date, Day.
CEnter the desired date.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CUse the format X or XX; e.g., for the first day of
the month, type 1; for the fifteenth, type 15
DATE, MONTH
Selects the month of the year.
CPress the number next to Date, Month until the
desired month is displayed.
DATE, YEAR
Selects the year.
CPress the number next to Date, Year.
CEnter the desired year.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CUse the format XXXX; e.g., for 2003, type 2003
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
DELETE
Deletes a selected item from a list.
CPress DELETE to display the list.
CPress the number corresponding to the item to be
deleted.
CPress ENTER to verify that you want the
selected item deleted.
CIf the selection is not the one you want deleted,
press EXIT. When the item has been deleted, an
updated list appears on the screen.
DELETE ALL
Deletes all the directories on one SoftCard or all
the files in a selected directory at one time.
DELETE DIRECTORY
Deletes a selected directory from a Memory
SoftCard.
CPress the number corresponding to the directory
you want deleted.
CPress DELETE DIRECTORY.
DELETE TEST
Deletes a selected test.
CPress DELETE to display a list of the tests.
CPress the number corresponding to the test to be
deleted.
CPress ENTER to verify that you want the
selected test deleted.
CIf the selection is not the one you want deleted,
press EXIT. When the test has been deleted, an
updated list appears on the screen.
Dictionary
3 - 9
DERIVATIVE
Collects a real-time derivative scan.
Limits: FIRST, SECOND, FOURTH, OFF
CPress the number next to Derivative until the
desired derivative is displayed.
DEUTERIUM LAMP
Turns the deuterium lamp on or off.
Note:
CA BUSY label indicates that the lamp is needed
based on the current wavelength setting.
DIRECTORY OPTIONS
Copies or deletes selected directories at one time.
CPress DIRECTORY OPTIONS to list your
options.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Accesses labeling and sensitivity parameters for
peaks and valleys in the data.
CPress DISPLAY FUNCTIONS to list your
options.
CSelect the parameter you want to define and
follow the instructions on the screen.
ENTER
Accepts the highlighted item.
EXIT
Exits the screen currently displayed and
accepts any changes made.
FACTOR
Multiplies the calculated three point net
absorbance by a factor.
CPress FACTOR.
CEnter the desired value.
CPress ENTER. The factor appears on the screen.
FILE OPTIONS
Copies, deletes, renames or locks and unlocks
selected files.
CPress FILE OPTIONS to list the file options.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
FIRST DERIVATIVE
Determines the first derivative of the scan data
displayed on the screen.
CSelect FIRST DERIVATIVE. The instrument
calculates the derivative and plots the data on the
screen.
FORMAT CARD
Formats a Memory SoftCard.
CPress FORMAT CARD. A message appears
warning you that formatting a card will destroy
its contents.
CPress ENTER to the Memory SoftCard in the
active card slot.
Notes:
CMemory SoftCards must be formatted before
they can be used to store information.
CThe Memory SoftCard to be formatted must be
inserted into one of the card slots and must be the
active card.
CThe active card is identified in reverse video in
the top right-hand corner of the screen. Press
CHANGE CARD to switch the active card if
necessary.
Dictionary
3 - 10
FOURTH DERIVATIVE
Determines the fourth derivative of the scan data
displayed on the screen.
CSelect FOURTH DERIVATIVE. The
instrument calculates the derivative and plots the
data on the screen.
GOTO WL
Sets the analytical wavelength.
Limits: 200.0 to 1100.0
Either:
CPress GOTO WL and enter the desired
analytical wavelength.
CPress ENTER.
Or:
CEnter the desired analytical wavelength and press
GOTO WL.
HI
Indicates that the result is above the specified High
Limit.
HIGH LIMIT
Enters a value indicating the highest acceptable
result.
Limits: -9999 to 9999
CSelect High Limit and enter the desired value.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CIf the measured test value is above the specified
limit, the message HI is displayed next to the
measured value.
HIGH SMOOTHING
Removes the effects of noise from the data
displayed on the screen.
CSelect HIGH SMOOTHING. The instrument
smooths the data over each 12 nm interval (using
moving boxcar averaging) and displays the
smoothed data plot on the screen.
INITIATE PLATFORM
Resets the platform to the "home" position. You
can use this whenever the position of the platform
is in question.
Note:
CThe "platform" is the plate on which the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder is mounted.
INITIATE RS232C
Activates the RS232C port. It also deactivates the
LCD screen and the keyboard of the GENESYS
spectrophotometer so that you can use an external
computer to control the instrument. The RS232C
section of this manual contains more specific
information about the RS232C interface.
CPress INITIATE RS232C. A screen appears
listing the settings for the RS232C parameters,
along with the message "RS232C port activated."
Note:
CPress EXIT at any time to return to the Main
Menu.
Dictionary
3 - 11
Figure 3-4 Program Manager screen
showing that ADVANCED
KINETICS program was installed
on card B
INSTALL PROGRAM
Installs an application program onto a Memory
SoftCard.
CSelect INSTALL PROGRAM to enter the
number of the application program you want to
install. When the instrument has installed the
selected program, the name of the program
appears in the list of application programs. For
example, Figure 3-3 shows that the
ADVANCED KINETICS program was
installed on card B.
Note:
CThe application program that you want to install
on a Memory SoftCard must be on the active
SoftCard. Use the CHANGE CARD soft key to
activate the Program SoftCard, if necessary. The
application programs on the card will be
numbered.
INTERVAL TIME (seconds)
Specifies the length of time between repeat scans
(from the beginning of one scan to the beginning
of the next scan).
Limits: 0.1 to 999.0 seconds
CPress the number next to Interval Time and
enter the desired value.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CIf you set the interval time too low for the
instrument to complete its measurement, a
warning message will appear while the test is
running stating that the interval time has been
exceeded. The instrument will collect data as fast
as possible, exceeding the total run time if
necessary to measure the requested number of
samples.
LABEL PEAKS
When ON, the calculated peaks (maxima) of scan
data will be displayed. Both the wavelength value
and the measurement data (either absorbance or
%transmittance) will appear on the data screen.
Limits: ON, OFF
LABEL VALLEYS
When ON, the calculated valleys (minima) of scan
data will be displayed. Both the wavelength value
and the measurement data (either absorbance or
%transmittance) will appear on the data screen.
Limits: ON, OFF
LAMP INTERCHANGE WL
Specifies the wavelength at which the source lamp
changes between the tungsten-halogen lamp and
the deuterium lamp.
Limits: 320 - 360nm
CSelect Lamp Interchange WL and enter the
desired value.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CTo optimize the data, select a wavelength at
some distance from the analytical wavelength of
the solution you are measuring.
Dictionary
3 - 12
LANGUAGE
Selects the language to be used for the screen
displays.
CPress the number next to Language until the
name of the appropriate language appears.
Note:
CThe instrument supports English, Spanish, French
and German as the language options, but the
Application SoftCards you are using may not.
LO
Indicates that the result is below the specified Low
Limit.
LOCK / UNLOCK
"Locks" a test so it can be modified only by
someone with the appropriate password. A "key"
pictogram appears next to the name of each locked
test to indicate that a password is required to
modify the test.
CPress LOCK / UNLOCK. A screen appears
prompting you to enter the password.
CType the appropriate password and press
ENTER.
CPress the number corresponding to the test to be
locked (or unlocked). The test will be locked (or
unlocked).
Note:
CThe test in current memory cannot be locked.
Only tests that are stored on Memory SoftCards
can be locked or unlocked.
LOCK ALL
Locks all the files listed in a selected directory
at one time.
LOW LIMIT
Enters a value indicating the lowest acceptable
result.
Limits: -9999 to 9999
CSelect Low Limit and enter the desired value.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Note:
CIf the measured test value is below the specified
limit, the message LO is displayed next to the
measured value.
LOW SMOOTHING
Removes the effects of noise from the data
displayed on the screen.
CSelect LOW SMOOTHING and the instrument
smooths the data over each 3 nm interval (using
moving boxcar averaging) and displays the
smoothed data plot on the screen.
MAIN MENU
Returns you to the GENESYS Main Menu
screen, listing the programs available on your
instrument.
Dictionary
3 - 13
MANUAL ALIGN
Aligns the cell positions manually. The
following conditions require manual alignment to
ensure proper positioning of the cells in the light
beam:
CWhen only some of the cell positions are defined
as SAMPLE
CWhen an automatic alignment fails on any position
CPress ALIGN CELLS to display the Cell
Positions / Platform Alignment screen.
CPlace the cells into the appropriate positions in the
cell holder
CPress MANUAL ALIGN to display the Manual
Platform Alignment screen.
CUse the 8 and 9 arrow soft keys to select the cell
position to be aligned and the 7 and 6 arrow soft
keys to align the selected position.
CWhen the maximum value is displayed (number to
the right of the cell positions on the screen), press
ENTER. The maximum value indicates that the
cell holder is at the optimum position in the light
beam.
Note:
CWhen ENTER is pressed, a "P" should appear in
the box for the aligned cell position. If an "F"
appears, the cell holder was not at the maximum
when ENTER was pressed. This means that the
manual alignment must be repeated on that
position.
MANUAL SCALE
Allows you to select a different scale for scan
data displayed on the screen.
CPress MANUAL SCALE to list the maximum
and minimum for both the X- and Y-axes.
CSelect the maximum or minimum you want to
modify and follow the instructions on the screen.
Note:
CThe limits for the maximum and minimum values
are determined by the range of values of the
instrument.
MATH FUNCTIONS
Performs selected mathematical manipulations
on scan data displayed on the screen. The
manipulations available include adding/subtracting
a constant, adding/subtracting a scan, taking
derivatives, smoothing a curve, determining
three-point net absorbance for a selected curve and
calculating the area under a selected curve.
CPress MATH FUNCTIONS to list the
mathematical manipulations available.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
MAX X VALUE
Specifies the maximum value for the X-axis
when you are manually scaling scan data.
Note:
CThe limit for the maximum value is 1100 nm.
MAX Y VALUE
Specifies the maximum value for the Y-axis
when you are manually scaling scan data.
Note:
CThe limit for the maximum value is determined
by the instrument display range (4A or 200%T).
MEASURE
Begins measuring the sample or standard
solution in the cell.
Notes:
CBe sure to load your samples in the cell holder
and to close the cover of the sample
compartment before pressing MEASURE.
CVerify that the accessory parameters (Auto
Increment, Data Collection Type, Auto
Initiation, Blank Position) are set correctly
before pressing MEASURE. Press ACC to
access these parameters.
Dictionary
3 - 14
MEASUREMENT MODE
Specifies whether measurements will be in
absorbance or %transmittance.
Limits: ABS, %T
MEDIUM SMOOTHING
Removes the effects of noise from the data
displayed on the screen. When you select
MEDIUM SMOOTHING, the instrument
smooths the data over each 6 nm interval (using
moving baxcar averaging) and displays the
smoothed data plot on the screen.
MIN X VALUE
Specifies the minimum value for the X-axis
when you are manually scaling scan data.
Limit: 200nm
MIN Y VALUE
Specifies the minimum value for the Y-axis
when you are manually scaling scan data.
Limit: -3.0A, 0%T
MINUS (-)
Toggles numerical values between positive and
negative.
MODE: A/%T/C
Selects the test mode (absorbance [A], %
transmittance [%T] or concentration [C]).
Note:
CWhen concentration mode is selected, the factor
and the concentration units (if selected) are also
displayed. The factor (1 / ab) is the inverse of the
slope of the standard curve. If no units have been
selected, a "C" appears next to the concentration
value.
MULTIPLY A CONSTANT
Multiplies the scan data displayed on the screen by
a constant.
Limits: -999.9 to +999.9
CSelect MULTIPLY A CONSTANT to enter the
constant by which you want to multiply the scan
data displayed on the screen. When you enter the
constant, the instrument calculates the product
and plots the data on the screen.
NEXT PAGE
Displays the next screenful of a list or other
information.
NUMBER KEYS
These keys are used to enter numerical
values and to select numbered menu
options.
NUMBER OF SAMPLES
Sets the number of samples that will be measured.
When the value of this option is greater than one,
the instrument automatically positions the cell
holder and measures the specified number of
samples. When the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder is
installed, one to eight samples may be measured at
one time.
CPress the number next to Number of Samples
and enter the desired value.
CPress EXIT.
Notes:
CThe limits for the maximum and minimum values
are determined by the type of accessory installed.
The number of samples may be up to the number
of cell positions for the accessory. For example,
the Thermoelectric Flowcell has one cell position
available, the Thermoelectric Cuvette Holder has
two.
CEnsure that the Number of Samples is greater
than one and that AutoIncrement is ON for
multiple measurements.
Dictionary
3 - 15
OPTIMIZE ENERGY
Runs an energy scan of both lamps. You
should run an energy scan each time you install a
new deuterium or tungsten-halogen lamp. Refer to
the Maintenance section for specific instructions
on running an energy scan.
OVERLAY SCANS
When ON, subsequent scans will be displayed on
the same set of axes. Scans are displayed in
different colors, with the current scan displayed in
white.
PARALLEL
Method of data collection in which the blank is
measured immediately before each sample is
measured.
PEAK SENSITIVITY
Sets a threshold to indicate where a peak occurs in
scan data.
Limits: 0.001 to 3.000
PERIOD
Enters a decimal point for numerical values.
PLOTTER
Selects the external plotter on the RS232C (serial)
port.
Limits: NONE, HP LASERJET, HPGL
PLOTTER
CPress the number next to Plotter until the desired
selection appears.
CPress EXIT.
POST PROCESS
Accesses data manipulation and processing
functions available for scan data. The functions
available include:
CSELECT DATA
CDISPLAY FUNCTIONS
CSCALE FUNCTIONS
CMATH FUNCTIONS
CPress POST PROCESS to display the
post-processing soft keys at the bottom of the
screen.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
PRINT
Sends screen information or test results to
the selected printer (internal or external to the
instrument).
PRINTER
Selects the internal printer or an external printer
connected to the Centronics-compatible port.
Limits: NONE, INTERNAL, IBM
PROPRINTER II, IBM PROPRINTER
III, EPSON FX-850, HP LASERJET,
IBM PROPRINTER II (High
Resolution), IBM PROPRINTER III
(High Resolution), EPSON FX-850
(High Resolution), HP LASERJET
(High Resolution), HP LASERJET
(HPGL), RS232
CPress the number next to Printer until the
desired selection appears.
CPress EXIT.
Dictionary
3 - 16
PRINTER PAGE BREAK
Specifies whether or not the printer should perform
a formfeed when it reaches the end of a page. (60
lines = 1 page)
Limits: NONE, FORMFEED
CPress the number next to Printer Page Break
until the desired selection appears.
CPress EXIT.
Notes:
CWhen using the internal printer, you should set
Printer Page Break to NONE.
CWhen using an external printer, you may want to
set Printer Page Break to FORMFEED.
PROGRAM OPTIONS
Allows you to install a program, remove a program
and check the revision of an application program.
CPress PROGRAM OPTIONS to list the
program options available.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
REMOVE PROGRAM
Removes an application program from a Memory
SoftCard.
CSelect REMOVE PROGRAM and enter the
number of the application program you want to
remove. When the instrument has removed the
selected program, the name of the program is
removed from the list of application programs.
Note:
CThe application program that you want to remove
on a Memory SoftCard must be on the active
SoftCard. Use the CHANGE CARD soft key to
select the correct SoftCard, if necessary. The
application programs on the card will be
numbered.
RENAME
Renames a stored test or data file.
CSelect RENAME to select the file you want to
rename. A screen appears prompting you to enter
the new filename.
CUse the arrow soft keys to highlight the first
character to be used for the filename and press
ENTER to select it.
CContinue until you have selected all the
characters for the data filename, then press
EXIT.
Notes:
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
RETRY
Retries a selected operation. This soft key function
appears if an error occurs while performing an
operation.
CPress RETRY to try the operation again.
RS232C BAUD RATE
Specifies the speed at which the instrument will
transmit data.
Limits: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600
CPress the number next to RS232C Baud Rate
until the desired value appears.
CPress EXIT.
RS232C DATA BITS
Specifies the number of data bits for the RS232C
interface.
Limits: 7 or 8
CPress the number next to RS232C Data Bits
until the desired value appears.
CPress EXIT.
Dictionary
3 - 17
RS232C PARITY
Specifies the parity for the RS232C interface.
Limits: NONE, EVEN, ODD
CPress the number next to RS232C Parity until
the desired value appears.
CPress EXIT.
RS232C TERMINATOR
Specifies the terminator for the RS232C interface.
Limits: CR, LF, CRLF
CPress the number next to RS232C Terminator
until the desired value appears.
CPress EXIT.
SAMPLE ID
Changes or enters a new alphanumeric
sample identifier.
CPress SAMPLE ID to display the Sample I.D.
Input screen.
CUse the arrow soft keys to highlight the first
character to be used for the sample ID and press
ENTER to select it.
CContinue until you have selected all the
characters for the sample ID, then press EXIT.
Notes:
CThe ID can be up to 10 characters (alphabetic or
numeric), but the ID must be completely numeric
if you want the ID to increment automatically as
sample measurements are taken.
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
CTo assign a preset label instead of a sample ID,
use the arrow soft keys to highlight the
appropriate label. The preset label will appear in
the "Entry:" field after it has been highlighted
and entered.
SAVE DATA
Saves scan data to a Memory SoftCard.
CPress SAVE DATA to display the DATA
FILENAME Input screen.
CUse the arrow soft keys to highlight the first
character to be used for the data filename and
press ENTER to select it.
CContinue until you have selected all the
characters for the data filename, then press
EXIT. The instrument saves the data to the
Memory SoftCard installed in the card slot.
Notes:
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
SAVE TEST
Saves a test to a Memory SoftCard that has been
formatted. Accessory parameters, including the
alignment, are saved when the test is saved.
When you press SAVE TEST, a message appears,
indicating that the test has been saved. The test
name and date the test was saved are displayed on
the screen.
Notes:
C
One test is stored in the instrument itself. This
stored test is the last test loaded before the
instrument was powered down.
CA Memory SoftCard must be inserted into one of
the card slots and must be the active card.
SCALE FUNCTIONS
Allows you to select the data mode (absorbance or
% transmittance), change the scale (manually or
automatically) or use a cursor line to obtain the
absorbance value for selected points on the
displayed curve.
Dictionary
3 - 18
SCAN
Initiates a scan of the sample in the cell.
Note:
CBe sure to load your samples in the cell holder
and to close the cover of the sample
compartment before pressing SCAN.
SECOND DERIVATIVE
Determines the second derivative of the scan data
displayed on the screen.
CSelect SECOND DERIVATIVE. The
instrument calculates the derivative and plots the
data on the screen.
SELECT SCAN
Selects which set of data will be used for any
post-processing functions. The selected scan is
displayed in white.
CPress SELECT SCAN to switch from one data set
to another until the appropriate set is displayed in
white.
SELECT UNITS
Specifies the units to be used for concentration
measurements.
CSelect SELECT UNITS to access the UNITS
SELECTION screen, displaying the current list
of concentration units. You may also ADD,
DELETE and CHANGE units from this screen.
SERIAL
Method of data collection in which the blank is
measured once, then each sample is measured.
SET CONC. AND ABS.
Enters the concentration of a standard and its
absorbance.
CSelect Set Conc. and Abs. to enter the
concentration of your standard (Limits:
±29997.0).
CEnter the absorbance of the standard (Limits:
±3.0). The calculated factor appears on the
FACTOR / STANDARD SETUP screen.
SET CONC. AND MEASURE ABS.
Enters the concentration of a standard and its
absorbance.
CSelect Set Conc. and Measure Abs. to enter the
concentration of your standard (Limits:
±29997.0).
CInsert the cell containing the standard solution
into the cell holder and press MEASURE. When
the measurement is complete, the calculated
factor appears on the FACTOR / STANDARD
SETUP screen.
SET FACTOR
Enters the factor to be used when taking
measurements in concentration mode. A factor
(1 / ab) is the inverse of the slope of the
concentration curve. It is used to obtain the
concentration of an unknown solution by
multiplying the absorbance of the solution by the
value of the factor.
Limits: ±9999.00
CPress the number next to Set Factor and enter
the desired value.
CPress ENTER.
CPress EXIT.
Dictionary
3 - 19
SET FACTOR/STANDARD
CSets a factor
CSets the concentration and measures the
absorbance of a standard
CSets the concentration and absorbance of a
standard
CSelects the concentration units to be used for
results
CPress SET FACTOR/STANDARD to display
the FACTOR/STANDARD SETUP screen.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
SETUP TESTS
Accesses the application program set-up
screen, allowing you to enter instrument and test
parameters for the current test, save a test or
format a Memory SoftCard.
SHOW PROGRAM REVISION
Displays the revision level of an application
program.
CSelect Show Program Revision to enter the
number of the application program whose
revision level you want to check.
START WAVELENGTH
Enters the value of the minimum wavelength for
the scan.
Limits: 200.0 to 1100.0nm
STOP TEST
Interrupts the test that the instrument is running.
STOP WAVELENGTH
Enters the value of the maximum wavelength for
the scan.
Limits: 200.0 to 1100.0nm
SUBTRACT A SCAN
Subtracts scan data from a selected scan from the
scan data displayed on the screen.
CSelect Subtract a Scan to list the data files
stored on the active card.
CSelect the data file containing the data you want
subtracted from the scan data displayed on the
screen. The instrument subtracts the data and
plots the data on the screen.
TABULAR
Switches between tabular and graphical displays of
scan data. Tabular data includes wavelength and
data value.
TANGENT/BASELINE
Switches between the tangent and baseline
methods for calculating the area under a curve for
scan data. See Figure 3-2 in AREA UNDER
CURVE for more information about the two
calculation methods.
TEST NAME
Specifies a name to be used for a selected set of
test parameters.
CSelect Test Name to display the TEST NAME
Input screen appears.
CUse the arrow soft keys to move the cursor
around the screen to select each character, then
press ENTER.
CWhen you have selected all the characters, press
EXIT.
Notes:
CA maximum of eight characters may be selected.
CYou may also use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers.
CIf you make a mistake, press CLEAR to remove
one character at a time.
Dictionary
3 - 20
TEST/DATA
Switches between test files and data files in a
selected directory.
TEST TYPES
Loads a specific stored test from a Memory
SoftCard or from the instrument. It also allows you
to delete and lock/unlock tests.
CPress TEST TYPES to display the TEST
TYPES screen.
CSelect the function you want to perform and
follow the instructions on the screen.
Dictionary
3 - 21
Figure 3-5 Three point net absorbance
screen with calculation
Figure 3-6 3-Point Net Absorbance sample curve
THREE POINT NET
Determines the absorbance of a sample at three
wavelengths and calculates the peak height relative
to a calculated baseline.
The Three Point Net Absorbance analysis is used
to correct for the effects of a broad sloping
baseline on a peak height calculation. Figure 3-5
shows an example of this type of curve.
The baseline corrected absorbance for the sample
is calculated using the following equation:
where:
A = Absorbance
81= Base wavelength 1
82= Peak wavelength
83= Base wavelength 2
CSelect Three Point Net to display a cursor
line to help you select the wavelengths for the
calculation.
CPress the 6 soft key to move the cursor line
to the first wavelength or use the numeric
keypad to type the wavelength, then press
ENTER to select the first wavelength.
CRepeat for the other two wavelengths. The
calculated 3-point net absorbance and the
baseline for the selected curve appear on the
screen.
Notes:
CAs you move the cursor line, the current
wavelength and data value are displayed below
the X-axis.
CIf you wish to multiply the calculated 3-point net
absorbance by a factor, press FACTOR, type in
its value and press ENTER. The factor appears
on the screen.
Dictionary
3 - 22
TIME
Specifies the current time.
Note:
CUse military format (HHMM using a 24-hour
clock; H = hours, M = minutes); e.g., to enter
7:30 a.m., type 0730; to enter 7:30 p.m., type
1930
TOTAL RUN TIME
Specifies the total time for data collection.
Limits: 0.0 to 99999.0 seconds
TRANSFER ALL
Transfers all selected files to the selected format
(ASCII or Lotus) at one time. Refer to
Transferring files in ASCII or Lotus format in the
Operation section for instructions on transferring
files.
TRANSFER TO ASCII FORMAT
Transfers selected file(s) to ASCII format (suitable
for importing into a word processing program).
Refer to Transferring files in ASCII or Lotus
format in the Operation section for instructions on
transferring files.
TRANSFER TO LOTUS FORMAT
Transfers selected file(s) to Lotus format (suitable
for importing into a spreadsheet program). Refer to
Transferring files in ASCII or Lotus format in the
Operation section for instructions on transferring
files.
TUNGSTEN LAMP
Turns the tungsten lamp on or off.
Note:
CA BUSY label indicates that the lamp cannot be
turned off based on the current wavelength
setting.
UNLOAD ALL
Unloads all the scan data that is currently
displayed.
UNLOAD DATA
Removes selected scan data from the scan data that
is currently displayed.
CPress UNLOAD DATA to list the scan data files
currently displayed.
CPress the number corresponding to the scan data
you want removed from the scan data displayed on
the screen. When you return to the display screen,
the selected scan data will not appear.
UNLOCK ALL
Unlocks all the files listed in a selected directory at
one time.
UTILITY
Accesses selected instrument functions
(lamp interchange wavelength, time/date settings,
language, turning lamps on and off, printer/plotter
devices, parameters for RS232C port).
CPress UTILITY to display the UTILITIES
screen.
CSelect the function you want to perform and follow
the instructions on the screen.
VALLEY SENSITIVITY
Sets a threshold to indicate where a valley occurs
in scan data.
Limits: 0.001 to 3.000
WAVELENGTH
Enters a value for the analytical wavelength, in
nanometers.
Limits: 200.0 to 1100.0 nm
CPress the number next to Wavelength and enter
the desired value.
CPress EXIT.
4 - 1
Section 4 - Accessories
General Information
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer supports a
variety of sample-handling accessories. The
Accessory Guide (inserted at the end of this section)
describes the sample-handling and data-handling
accessories in detail, including part numbers, related
accessories and ordering information.
This section describes how to remove the 8-Position
Multi-Cell Holder and install other cell holder
accessories in the sample compartment.
It also describes the printer and plotters that you can
use with your GENESYS 2 and 5 spectrophotometers
and how to install them. Finally, this section includes
instructions for connecting an external computer to
your instrument. The RS232C interface is described
separately in the RS232C Interface section.
Cell Holder Platform
The Cell Holder Platform (335626) is available as an
accessory and it can accommodate the following cell
holders:
CUp to eight standard Single Cell Holders (336028)
CUp to four Rectangular (335112) or Cylindrical
(336012) Longpath Cell Holders
CUp to four Thermal Blocks (335079)
CUp to four Adjustable Filter Holders (336017)
CUp to four Test Tube Holders (336014)
Information on using cell holders other than the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder is included in the
Accessory Guide.
If you want to use longpath cells (cylindrical or
rectangular), use test tubes, measure solid filters, or
regulate cell temperature via an external water
circulator, you must install various cell holders on the
Cell Holder Platform. Refer to the Accessory Guide
for more information.
Accessories
4 - 2
Figure 4-1 Removing / Replacing the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
The standard cell holder for the GENESYS is the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder which comes installed
in the instrument. However, it can easily be removed
to install other accessories.
Removing the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
1. Open the sample compartment and let the sample
compartment door rest on its hinge.
2. With one hand, pinch the cell holder retainer
spring at the front of the instrument platform.
3. With the other hand, pull up on the 8-Position
Multi-Cell Holder and lift it out of the sample
compartment (Figure 4-1).
Replacing the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
1. Align the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder on the
platform with the pin located at the far end of the
instrument platform.
2. Pinch the cell holder retainer spring and push the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder down onto the
instrument platform.
3. Align the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder as
described in the Setting up the Instrument section.
KEY
1. Instrument platform 3. 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
2. Alignment pin 4. Cell holder retainer spring
Accessories
4 - 3
Figure 4-2 Installing Cell Holders on the Cell Holder Platform
Installing accessory cell holders
1. Remove the 8-Position Multi-Cell Holder from the
sample compartment as described in Removing the
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder.
2. Install the desired accessory cell holders on the
Cell Holder Platform (335626) by tightening the
set screw on each cell holder.
3. After installing the cell holders on the Cell Holder
Platform (Figure 4-2), align the Cell Holder
Platform on the instrument platform with the pin
located at the far end of the platform.
4. Pinch the cell holder retainer spring and push the
Cell Holder Platform down onto the instrument
platform.
5. Manually align the cell holder positions (see
MANUAL ALIGN in the Dictionary section).
KEY
1. Instrument platform 4. Set screw
2. Alignment pin 5. Accessory cell holder
3. Cell holder platform 6. Cell holder retainer spring
Accessories
4 - 4
Figure 4-3 Internal Printer (336088)
Printers / Plotters
Two accessory printers are available for the
GENESYS 2 and 5 spectrophotometers - one is
internal and the other is external to the instrument.
The GENESYS supports various printers which can
be connected through the parallel port on the back of
the instrument. See page 4-7 for more information.
In addition, the GENESYS enables you to plot data
on a plotter connected to the serial port on the back of
the instrument. See page 4-7 for more information.
Internal printer
The internal printer (336088) is installed in the
instrument and supports both text and graphics. Print
resolution is equal to the display resolution of the
instrument (320 x 240 pixels). Shown in Figure 4-3,
the internal printer uses paper that is 112 mm wide.
C
To install the internal printer, see the following
instructions.
C
To print, press the PRINT key on the keyboard.
CTo advance the paper, press the Line Feed key on
the printer.
KEY
1. Printer cover panel 5. Ribbon cable
2. Line feed key 6. Paper bar
3. Printer 7. Printer paper
4. White connector
Accessories
4 - 5
WARNING
Turn off the instrument and
disconnect the power cord from the outlet
before installing the internal printer.
Figure 4-4 Location of cables under the panel for the Internal Printer (336088) — viewed from the rear of the
instrument
Installing the internal printer
1. Turn off the instrument and disconnect the power
cord.
2. With a flat-blade screwdriver, lift the printer
cover and remove it from the instrument.
3. Unfold the two cables located under the panel
(Figure 4-4).
4. Connect the ribbon cable (20-pin) to the ribbon
cable connector on the printer (Figure 4-3).
5. Connect the white connector (4-pin) to the white
connector on the printer (Figure 4-3).
6. Slide the printer, with the printer head on top and
the circuit board facing the front, into the
instrument cover slot.
KEY
1. White connector
2. Ribbon cable connector
3. Paper bar slots
Accessories
4 - 6
Figure 4-5 Inserting the Internal Printer (336088) — viewed from the rear of the instrument
7. With a Phillips screwdriver, tighten the two
captive screws (Figure 4-5) on either side of the
printer.
8. Plug the power cord into the outlet and turn on
the power switch.
9. Cut the paper at the end of the roll in a "V" to
make a point at the end of the paper.
10. Carefully feed the printer paper (from the bottom
of the paper roll; shiny side down) into the back
of the printer using the Line feed key on the
printer.
11. Place the printer paper on the paper bar and place
the paper bar in the appropriate slot on the
printer compartment (Figure 4-4).
12. When the paper is installed, thread the paper
through the panel slot in the printer cover panel
and snap the printer cover panel back into the
instrument cover.
13. With the Acquisition screen displayed, press the
UTILITY key.
14. With the UTILITIES screen displayed, press the
NEXT PAGE soft key.
15. Press the number next to Printer until
INTERNAL appears.
16. Press EXIT to return to the Acquisition screen.
17. To test the printer, press the PRINT key on the
keyboard.
KEY
1. Captive screws
Accessories
4 - 7
External printers
The instrument also supports these printers with text
and graphics:
CIBM Proprinter II
CIBM Proprinter III
CEpson FX-850
CHP LaserJet
Installing an external printer
To connect an external printer, connect the printer
cable to the Centronics-compatible printer port
(parallel printer port) on the back of the instrument
(see Figure 6-3).
1. Press UTILITY, then NEXT PAGE to display
the printer option.
2. Press the number next to Printer until the name
of the appropriate printer appears. Selected
printers support both high and low resolution
options. When you select "high" resolution, the
printing may take a little longer than "low"
resolution.
3. Set Printer Page Break to FORMFEED or
NONE. When set to FORMFEED, a page break
is sent after 60 lines are printed.
4. Press EXIT to return to the Acquisition screen.
5. Turn on the printer, set the top of form and turn
the printer on line.
6. To test the printer, press PRINT on the
keyboard.
Notes:
CWhen installing an IBM ProPrinter II, be sure
that DIP switch 6 is set to ON. (Please refer to the
manufacturer's instructions for more information.)
CThe Epson FX-870 is supported in IBM
Emulation mode. (See manufacturer's instructions
for more information.)
CLaserJet printers store all characters until a
formfeed is received. Either press the formfeed on
the LaserJet printer or set the Printer Page Break
to FORMFEED.
External plotters
Your GENESYS supports single-color plots,
regardless of the capability of the plotter. For color
plotters, the first available pen will be used. The
GENESYS supports the following plotters:
CHP LaserJet - all series supporting HPGL
CHP Color Plotter 7440A using HPGL
CGeneric HPGL format plotter
Installing an external plotter
1. Press UTILITY, then NEXT PAGE to display
the plotter option.
2. Press the number next to Plotter until the name
of the appropriate plotter appears.
3. Press EXIT to return to the Acquisition screen.
4. To test the plotter, press PRINT on the
keyboard.
External computers
To connect an external computer, connect the
computer cable to the 9-pin RS232C port on the back
of the instrument (see diagram on page x).
CTo connect the GENESYS to an IBM AT, use a
DB9 pin (female) to DB9 pin (female) interface
cable (336042).
CTo connect the GENESYS to an IBM PC/XT or
P/S2 models, use a DB9 pin (female) to DB25 pin
(female) interface cable (336041).
CTo connect the GENESYS to an Apple computer,
use a DB9 pin (female) to DB25 pin (male)
interface cable (345002-111) and a DB25 pin
(female) to DB25 pin (male) straight-connect
interface cable. (You can obtain the
straight-connect cable from your local computer
store.)
Refer to the RS232C Interface section for information
about using an external computer with your
GENESYS spectrophotometer.
Accessories
4 - 8
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5 - 1
Figure 5-1 Connector-to-connector information flow
Section 5 - RS232C Interface
The GENESYS spectrophotometer has a built-in
RS232C interface that enables the instrument to
communicate with an external computer that is RS232C
compatible. This section:
CDescribes the RS232C (serial) port of the GENESYS
spectrophotometer
CDescribes how to set up the interface between the
spectrophotometer and an RS232C compatible
computer
CLists and describes the commands for the RS232C
interface
Remote operation
By communicating with external devices, selected
instrument functions can be performed remotely.
Remote functions include:
CWavelength control
CAccessory control
CData acquisition
CLamp control
Instrument automation provides several advantages,
including:
CMinimizes operator error in setting up and running
tests, and in reporting data
CFrees the operator to perform other tasks while the
analysis is running
CConsiderably enhances the versatility of the
instrument because the user can develop or purchase
software to meet specific needs
Notes:
CThe RS232C command set is supported in the
English language only.
CThe RS232C interface cannot be used with serial
printers, data loggers or other similar devices.
Pin functions
The serial port connector on the rear panel of the
GENESYS spectrophotometer is a nine-pin connector
(male; DCE format). Figure 5-1 and Table 5-1 identify
the pin functions for the nine-pin connector.
RS232C Interface
5 - 2
Table 5-1 Pin functions of RS232C port on
GENESYS spectrophotometers IMPORTANT!
The signal names listed in Table 5-1 are those
assigned to the pins in the RS232C interface
connector on the IBM computer. Connecting
these GENESYS spectrophotometer pins to
IBM RS232C pins with these names ensures
the correct connection (see Figure 5-1).
Pin # Signal name Function
1 Data Carrier Spectrophotometer
Detect supplies +12V when power is
ON and the instrument is
operational.
2 Receive Data Spectrophotometer transmits
data to the computer.
3 Transmit Data Spectrophotometer receives
data from the computer.
4 Data Terminal Spectrophotometer
Ready requires +3V to +25V from
the external device before
transmitting data.
5 Signal Ground Acts as return for data and
control signals.
6 Data Set Ready Spectrophotometer supplies
+12V when power is ON and
the instrument is operational.
7 Request to Spectrophotometer
Send requires +3V to +25V from
the external device before
transmitting data.
8 Clear to Send Spectrophotometer supplies
+12V when power is ON and
the instrument is operational.
9 Ring Indicator Spectrophotometer supplies
+12V when power is ON and
the instrument is operational.
Connecting a device to the RS232C
port (interface)
You can connect a variety of electronic devices (with
two-way communication capability) to the RS232C port
of the spectrophotometer. However, any device you
connect to the interface must meet certain standards to
ensure compatibility and to prevent possible damage to
the spectrophotometer. Refer to Table 5-1 for a
description of the nine-pin connector used as part of the
interface.
Be sure to follow the installation instructions in the
manual provided by the manufacturer of the selected
external device. Once you assign the proper pinouts on
the connector cable, just connect the female end of the
RS232C cable from your external device to the nine-pin
D connector of the RS232C port of the
spectrophotometer.
Table 5-2 lists the specifications for the RS232C
interface on the GENESYS.
RS232C Interface
5 - 3
Table 5-2 Specifications for the RS232C Interface
Figure 5-2 Utilities screen used to select
printer and plotter options
Interface RS232C compatible, 9-pin D
connector (male) (DCE format)
(mate: 9-pin female)
Data transmission
rate (baud rate) Five software-selectable rates:
300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600
Transmission mode Full duplex, ASCII code
Data • 8 data bits,* one stop bit and
one start bit
• Selectable parity: ODD/EVEN
or OFF
Signal
characteristics • Receiver input threshold: -3 to
+3 V minimum
• Receiver maximum input
voltage: -25 to +25 V
• Transmit: ±12 V nominal
Line terminators Three software-selectable
terminators:
• Carriage return
• Line feed
• Carriage return / line feed
Commands • Wavelength control
• Lamp control
• Accessory control
• Data acquisition
* You may select seven data bits on the Utilities screen; however,
the eight data bit mode is recommended.
Setting RS232C parameters
1. With the Acquisition or Main Menu screen
displayed, press the UTILITY key to display the
Utilities screen.
2. Press NEXT PAGE to access the options for the
RS232C interface. A screen like the one shown in
Figure 5-2 appears.
3. Set the values for baud rate, number of data bits,
parity and terminator parameters.
4. Press INITIATE RS232C to transfer control from
the spectrophotometer to the computer.
RS232C Interface
5 - 4
Command descriptions
Each command description includes the command
syntax and any appropriate parameters that can be used
with the command.
When you run a command, the message “OK” appears
if the command was successful. If it was not successful,
the message “ERR” appears.
ACCESSORY
List installed accessories. This list may contain:
PLATFORM Movable platform
PROBE Temperature Probe
PUMP Peristaltic Pump
TEC1 1-Position Thermoelectric Cuvette
Holder
TEC2 2-Position Thermoelectric Cuvette
Holder
TEFC Thermoelectric Flowcell
ACCESSORY <accessory>
Returns YES if the specified accessory is present, or
NO otherwise. <accessory> is one of the following
values:
PLATFORM Movable platform
PROBE Temperature Probe
PUMP Peristaltic Pump
TEC1 1-Position Thermoelectric Cuvette
Holder
TEC2 2-Position Thermoelectric Cuvette
Holder
TEFC Thermoelectric Flowcell
ALIGN
Returns the step number for the current cell position.
The step number is returned as an integer in the range
of 0 to 730.
ALIGN <step number>
Sets the alignment step number for the current cell
position. <step number> is an integer in the range of 0
to 730.
ALIGN +
Increments the alignment step number for the current
cell position.
ALIGN -
Decrements the alignment step number for the current
cell position.
ALIGNAUTO
Automatically aligns the current cell position in the
multiple cell holder.
ALIGNAUTO ALL
Automatically aligns all cell positions in the multiple
cell holder.
ALIGNLAMP
Returns an energy reading for the current lamp
alignment. The energy reading is returned as an
integer in the range of 0 to 800.
ALIGNSAVE
Saves the stage alignment of all cell positions in the
current accessory.
ANSWERBACK
Returns the current answerback settings.
ANSWERBACK "<success msg>" "<failure msg>"
Enables command completion answerback using the
specified values. The first eight characters of each
message are used.
ANSWERBACK OFF
Disables command completion answerback.
AUTOCAL OFF
[GENESYS 5 only] Disables asynchronous dark
compensation.
AUTOCAL ON
[GENESYS 5 only] Enables asynchronous dark
compensation.
RS232C Interface
5 - 5
AUTOZERO
Sets the currently measured absorbance to 0.0.
AUTOZERO <absorbance>
Sets the currently measured absorbance to the
specified absorbance. <absorbance> is a number in
the range of -3.000 to 3.000.
BASELINE
[GENESYS 5 only] Generates a scan baseline over
the instrument's entire wavelength range. Resolution
is fixed at one nanometer per point.
BASELINE <start wavelength><stop wavelength>
[GENESYS 5 only] Generates a scan baseline over
the specified wavelength range. Resolution is fixed at
one nanometer per point.
BASELINE <resolution> <start wavelength> <stop
wavelength>
[GENESYS 2] Generates a scan baseline over the
specified wavelength range. <resolution> is a number
in the range of 0.3 to 6.0 that specifies the number of
nanometers per point in the scan (i.e., the speed of the
scan). <start wavelength> and <stop wavelength> are
numbers in the range of 200.0 to 1100.0 nanometers.
CELL
Returns the current cell position. The cell position is
an integer in the range of 1 to 8.
CELL <cell number>
Sets the current cell position to the specified value.
<cell number> is an integer in the range of 1 to 8.
CELL +
Increments the current cell position.
CELL -
Decrements the current cell position.
CELL INITIATE
Initializes the platform to the "home" position, then
returns to the current cell position.
COMMENT OFF
Indicates the end of a comment block. The
COMMENT ON command remains in effect until
this command is sent. Comment blocks may be
nested.
COMMENT ON
This allows a section of a program to be commented
out. This command remains in effect until the
COMMENT OFF is sent. Comment blocks may be
nested.
DATA
Returns the current photometric data in the current
measurement mode. In absorbance mode, the data is a
number in the range of -3.100 to +4.000. In %
transmittance mode, the data is a number in the range
of 0.0 to 200.0.
DATAMODE
Returns the current measurement mode. Returned
values are:
ABS Indicates data will be returned as
absorbance
TRANS Indicates data will be returned as %
transmittance
DATAMODE ABS
Sets the current measurement mode to absorbance.
DATAMODE TRANS
Sets the current measurement mode to transmittance.
DEUTERIUM
Returns the current state of the deuterium lamp.
Returned values are:
ON Indicates the lamp is on
OFF Indicates the lamp is off
OUT Indicates the lamp is burned out
DEUTERIUM OFF
Turns the deuterium lamp off.
DEUTERIUM ON
Turns the deuterium lamp on. This command will fail
if the lamp is burned out.
DISPLAY "<printable ASCII string>"
Displays a string on the GENESYS screen. Printable
ASCII characters and the bell character "\g" are
supported.
RS232C Interface
5 - 6
ECHO "<ANSI C ASCII string>"
Sends a string out the RS232 port. ANSI C escape
sequences are supported. The returned value will be
the specified string with any escape sequences
interpreted.
EXIT
Exits remote mode and executes the Main Menu.
LAMPCHANGE
Returns the current lamp change wavelength in
nanometers. The lamp change wavelength will be in
the range of 320.0 to 360.0.
LAMPCHANGE <wavelength>
Sets the lamp change wavelength to the specified
value. This command will cause the required lamp to
be turned on, if necessary. <wavelength> is a number
in the range of 320.0 to 360.0 nanometers.
LAST ERROR
Returns a string indicating the error code of the
previously executed command. If the previous
command was successful (returned “OK”), LAST
ERROR returns “NONE.”
Error code Description
16000 Monochromator step-to-WL table code
not defined. Default value set (0). If
your instrument has a different code,
you must issue the WLTABLE
command.
16001 Invalid command syntax
16002 Command execution failure
16004 Accessory not installed
Any other error codes displayed indicate specific
internal system errors and are for the use of
authorized service engineers. Be sure to record the
error code before requesting technical support.
MODEL
Indicates the instrument model; e.g., "GENESYS 5".
OPTIMIZE
Generates a single-point baseline over the
instrument’s entire wavelength range.
PRINT "<ANSI C ASCII string>"
Sends a string to the current printer. ANSI C escape
sequences are supported.
PRINTINIT
Initializes the printer.
PRINTLOG OFF
Disables logging of all input and output to the current
printer.
PRINTLOG ON
Enables logging of all input and output to the current
printer.
PUMP <speed> <direction> <duration>
Pumps at the specified speed for the specified
duration in the specified direction. <direction> is
either CW (clockwise) or CCW (counterclockwise).
<speed> may be one of:
SLOW
MEDIUM
FAST
<duration> is 0 to 999 seconds.
REVISION <ROM>
Returns the revision of the specified instrument ROM.
The ROM's that may be specified are:
ACC Accessory Board ROM
MAIN Main instrument ROM
OB Optical Bench ROM
PUMP Pump Board ROM
This command will fail if the specified board is not
present. The returned value will be a string indicating
the revision of the specified ROM.
SCAN <resolution> <start wavelength> <stop
wavelength>
Returns the current photometric data at all
wavelengths in the specified range. The <resolution>
specifies the number of nanometers per point in the
scan (i.e., the speed of the scan). For the
GENESYS 2, the <resolution> can be set to 0.3, 1, 3
or 6. For the GENESYS 5, the <resolution> can be set
to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
One wavelength and measurement will be returned on
each line. The format of the line will be
<wavelength> <data>
where <wavelength> is a number between 200.0 and
1100.0 and <data> is the same as the output of the
DATA command.
RS232C Interface
5 - 7
Notes:
CIf <start wavelength> and <stop wavelength> are not
specified, data from 200.0 to 1100.0nm will be
returned.
CA baseline must be collected prior to running the
SCAN command.
SIPPER
Returns the type of the last sipper switch action. The
returned value will be UP, DOWN or NONE.
STIR
Returns the current stirrer speed. The returned value
is in the range of 0 to 10, where 0 is off and 10 is the
fastest speed.
STIR <speed>
Turns on the stirrer at the specified speed. <speed> is
an integer from 0 to 10, where 0 is off and 10 is the
fastest speed.
TEMP
Returns the current temperature in degrees Celsius.
The temperature is a number with one decimal place.
TEMPCTRL
Returns the status of temperature control. Returned
values are:
ON Indicates that temperature control is enabled
OFF Indicates that temperature control is disabled
TEMPCTRL OFF
Disables temperature control.
TEMPCTRL ON
Enables temperature control.
TEMPDEV
Returns the current temperature sensing device.
Returned values are:
BLOCK Indicates the temperature is
determined by the block
PROBE Indicates the temperature is
determined by the probe
TEMPDEV BLOCK
Sets the temperature sensing device to the block
(peltier device).
TEMPDEV PROBE
Sets the temperature sensing device to the probe.
TEMPSETPT
Returns the current temperature setpoint. The
returned value is a number in a range that is specific
to the installed thermoelectric device.
TEMPSETPT <temperature>
Sets the temperature setpoint to the specified value.
<temperature> is a number in a range that is specific
to the installed thermoelectric device.
TUNGSTEN
Returns the current state of the tungsten lamp.
Returned values are:
ON Indicates the lamp is on
OFF Indicates the lamp is off
OUT Indicates the lamp is burned out
TUNGSTEN OFF
Turns the tungsten lamp off.
TUNGSTEN ON
Turns the tungsten lamp on. This command will fail
if the lamp is burned out.
WAVELENGTH
Returns the current measurement wavelength. The
returned value is a number in the range of 200.0 to
1100.0.
WAVELENGTH <wavelength>
Sets the measurement wavelength to the specified
value. <wavelength> is a number in the range of
200.0 to 1100.0.
WLTABLE
Returns the current selection of the monochromator
step-to-wavelength table.
WLTABLE <selector>
Selects the monochromator step-to-wavelength table.
<selector> is an integer in the range of 0 to 2.
ANSI C escape sequences
GENESYS spectrophotometers support the following
ANSI C escape sequences:
\n CRLF
\r CR
\t tab
\f form feed
RS232C Interface
5 - 8
6 - 1
WARNING
Operating the instrument with
the cover off exposes the operator to
potentially dangerous voltages and ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. Therefore, it is recommended
that only authorized service representatives
perform procedures requiring removal of the
instrument cover and replacement of electrical
components. To protect both yourself and the
instrument, be sure to contact an authorized
service representative to perform any service
procedure you do not feel comfortable
performing.
Handle and dispose of chromic acid
with care!
Section 6 - Maintenance
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer is durable and
reliable, so routine maintenance is minimal. This
section includes complete instructions for:
CRoutine care, cleaning and maintenance of the
instrument and cells
CReplacing and aligning the lamps
CChanging the fuse and voltage setting
CCleaning and maintaining the internal printer
This section also includes lists of replacement parts
and accessories.
Routine care
Routine care for your GENESYS spectrophotometer
does not require a lot of time. To help minimize
maintenance time and to increase the life and
performance of your instrument, please follow these
guidelines:
CTo prevent dust from accumulating on and in the
instrument, always replace the dust cover when the
instrument is not turned on. The dust cover,
supplied with the instrument, is resistant to most
aqueous solutions.
CDo not use or store the instrument in a corrosive
environment.
CGently wipe the outside of the instrument with a
soft cloth to remove any dust or spills. Water,
isopropyl alcohol and other common laboratory
cleaning agents may be used if necessary.
CAlways clean up spills to prevent or minimize
damage to the instrument. If concentrated acids or
bases, or any hydrocarbon materials, are spilled on
the instrument, be sure to clean up the affected
area immediately.
CUse water, alcohol or other common laboratory
cleaning agents to clean the keyboard. It is
recommended that you clean spills off the
keyboard as soon as they occur.
Cleaning
Cleaning and maintenance of cells
Cleaning of cells both inside and out is important not
only because any contaminating material may absorb
light, but also because material within the cell may
react chemically with subsequent reagents or
standards introduced into the cell. Cleaning methods
depend to some extent on the nature of the
contaminating material. Sodium (or ammonium)
hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid may be used
to remove some acidic and basic contaminants,
respectively. Clorox (undiluted or 1:1) is very
effective in removing proteinaceous and bacterial
contaminants. You may also use Cell Cleaning
Solution (332260-169) to clean your cells.
Finally, soaking in chromic acid will remove most
contaminants, but the acid should be handled, and
disposed of, with care. Because of the exothermic
reaction of the acid and water, any heat generated
should be quickly dissipated to avoid altering the
pathlength of the cell. Cells should not be placed in
hot chromic acid.
Maintenance
6 - 2
The lamp gets very hot during
operation. Before removing the lamp,
turn off the instrument and allow the lamp to
cool down for 10 minutes.
Turn off and unplug the instrument
before removing the cover of the lamp
compartment.
To avoid personal injury or damage to
the instrument, follow these instructions
carefully!
Note: To prepare chromic acid cleaning solution,
slowly add (with stirring) 800 mL of
concentrated sulfuric acid to 458 mL of
distilled water containing 92 g of sodium
dichromate (Na2Cr2O7•2H2O). This cleaning
solution should be red-brown. Discard, using
proper disposal methods, when green tinge
appears.
Cells with scratches in the optical path should be
discarded because scratches will cause anomalous
absorbance readings. Cells should be protected during
cleaning and never thrown into a bath with glassware
where they might get scratched, or placed in a wire
rack that might scratch them. The outside of the cells
may be wiped with a soft, lint-free tissue, and should
be kept free of fingerprints.
Micro flowcells can be kept clean by:
CFlushing well with a solvent after use
CAspirating dilute acid, base, non-filming detergent
or Clorox through the cell in short bursts
CStoring with distilled water in the cell
Cleaning the windows of the sample
compartment
Follow these guidelines to clean the windows of the
sample compartment:
CDo not use acetone to clean the windows of the
sample compartment. Instead, use a non-abrasive
laboratory cleaning solution (Cell Cleaning
Solution, 332260-169), distilled water or alcohol.
CUse the liquid and a soft, lint-free cloth to clean
the windows. Do not apply too much pressure or
the surface of the windows may be damaged. Be
sure to remove all fingerprints.
Cleaning the air filter
1. Turn off the instrument. This prevents dust and
lint on the filter from being pulled into the
instrument by the fan.
2. Pull the foam air filter out of the area directly
behind the fan (see diagram on page x).
3. Clean the filter by shaking off the dust. If
necessary, you can wash the filter in warm soapy
water to remove excessive dirt and then rinse
thoroughly.
Note: The filter must be completely dry before
it is replaced in the instrument.
4. Insert the clean dry air filter in the area directly
behind the fan.
Replacing lamps
Replacing the tungsten-halogen lamp
1. Turn off and unplug the instrument.
2. Make sure that the lamp has had time (at least
10 minutes) to cool off.
3. Remove the cover of the lamp compartment (a
coin will release the lock).
4. Pull the lamp (#8, Figure 6-1) horizontally out of
its socket.
Maintenance
6 - 3
Do not touch the lamp with your
fingers!
Figure 6-2 Lamp compartment
5. Align the two legs protruding from the clean,
new lamp with the two holes in the socket of the
lamp and press the lamp securely into the socket
(the legs should fit snugly in the holes).
6. Use a soft, lint-free cloth to wipe off any
fingerprints on the lamp.
7. Replace the cover of the lamp compartment.
8. Plug the instrument into an appropriate wall
outlet and turn on the power.
9. During the power-on sequence, the lamp
interchange mirror will automatically align on
the tungsten-halogen and the deuterium lamps.
Note: The lamp interchange mirror automatic
alignment, which takes place during the
power-on sequence, aligns the light beam
horizontally. Vertical alignment of the
tungsten-halogen lamp is a manual
adjustment. This adjustment may provide
additional energy to the optical system.
Follow the vertical alignment (page 6-4)
and optimizing energy (page 6-6)
procedures to optimize the system to the
new lamp.
KEY
1. Deuterium lamp 7. Vertical alignment screw for
2. Deuterium lamp connector tungsten-halogen lamp
3. Thumbscrew 8. Tungsten-halogen lamp
4. Lamp and cable well 9. Tungsten-halogen lamp socket
5. Lamp interchange mirror locking screw 10. Notched tab at base of deuterium lamp
6. Lamp interchange mirror
Maintenance
6 - 4
CAUTION
This procedure requires removal of the cover
of the lamp compartment while the instrument
is turned on. This exposes the operator to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation which can damage
the eye and burn the skin. Minimize exposure
to hands and wear UV-absorbing glasses to
protect your eyes whenever the lamps are
exposed.
Turn off and unplug the instrument
before removing the cover of the lamp
compartment.
The lamp gets very hot during
operation. Before removing the lamp,
turn off the instrument and allow the lamp to
cool down for 10 minutes.
Do not touch the glass portions of the
deuterium lamp assembly with your
bare fingers - use a lint-free cloth!
Aligning the tungsten-halogen lamp vertically
This adjustment positions the reflected
tungsten-halogen light image so it falls fully (top to
bottom) onto the entrance slit to the monochromator.
IMPORTANT!
To avoid personal injury or damage to the instrument,
follow these instructions carefully.
1. Turn on the instrument and allow the power-on
sequence to be completed.
2. Press the UTILITY key when the Main Menu
(or the Acquisition screen) appears.
3. Press 2 to turn off the deuterium lamp.
4. Press the ALIGN LAMP soft key. The
instrument will set the wavelength to 550nm and
will change the electronics to alignment mode.
5. Remove the cover of the lamp compartment.
6. Locate the vertical alignment screw (#7, Figure
6-1).
Note: The vertical alignment screw is very close
to the lamp interchange mirror. Use
caution when working in this area, and be
careful NOT to touch or scratch the lamp
interchange mirror.
7. Slowly adjust the vertical alignment screw while
watching the display.
C
If the energy decreases, reverse the direction of
the adjustment.
CIf the energy increases, continue adjusting in the
same direction.
8. Adjust the vertical alignment screw until the
reading reaches a maximum.
9. Replace the cover of the lamp compartment.
10. Press EXIT to end the alignment diagnostic.
Follow the optimizing energy procedure
(page 6-6) before using the instrument.
Replacing the deuterium lamp
1. Turn off and unplug the instrument.
2. Make sure that the lamp has had time (at least
10 minutes) to cool off.
3. Remove the cover of the lamp compartment (a
coin will release the lock).
4. Unscrew and remove the thumbscrew securing
the lamp assembly (#3, Figure 6-1).
Note: The thumbscrew is not needed for the
replacement lamp because it is supplied
with its own lamp holder assembly.
5. Disconnect the deuterium lamp connector.
6. Carefully raise the lamp and lift it slightly to the
left to unhook the tab at the base.
Maintenance
6 - 5
Do not touch the lamp with your
fingers!
Figure 6-3 Lamp compartment after replacing deuterium lamp
7. Hold the new deuterium lamp by the locking
handle, making sure you don't touch the quartz
envelope of the deuterium lamp.
8. Carefully route the cable on the replacement
deuterium lamp into the lamp and cable well
(Figure 6-2).
9. Insert the new deuterium lamp onto the
illumination assembly, aligning the locking
handle so that it faces away from the lamp
interchange mirror (#5, Figure 6-2).
10. Squeeze the locking handle toward the lamp as
you insert the new deuterium lamp into the lamp
and cable well. You may push down on the metal
bracket around the deuterium lamp to seat it
properly, but be careful not to push on the quartz
envelope.
11. When the lamp is seated, release the locking
handle to secure the new deuterium lamp in
position.
12. Plug the three-wire connector into the socket at
the rear of the lamp compartment. The lamp
compartment should now look like Figure 6-2.
13. Use a soft, lint-free cloth to wipe off any oil or
fingerprints which may be on the deuterium
lamp.
14. Replace the cover of the lamp compartment.
15. Plug the instrument in and turn it on. The
instrument will run its power-on sequence and
automatically align the deuterium lamp.
Notes: If you have a problem, follow these steps:
CTurn the instrument off and allow the lamp
to cool. Then reinsert the lamp and turn the
instrument back on.
CIf the problem persists, contact service.
KEY
1. Deuterium lamp locking handle 6. Vertical alignment screw for
2. Deuterium lamp connector tungsten-halogen lamp
3. Deuterium lamp 7. Tungsten-halogen lamp
4. Lamp interchange mirror locking screw 8. Tungsten-halogen lamp socket
5. Lamp interchange mirror 9. Lamp and cable well
Maintenance
6 - 6
The lamp gets very hot during
operation. Before removing the lamp,
turn off the instrument and allow the lamp to
cool down for 10 minutes.
Turn off and unplug the instrument
before removing the Accessory Board
cover plate.
Turn off and unplug the instrument
before continuing.
Optimizing energy
Whenever you replace either the tungsten-halogen
lamp or the deuterium lamp, you should optimize the
energy. This procedure performs an energy scan on a
wavelength-by-wavelength basis. It takes
approximately five minutes on the GENESYS 5 and
12 to 15 minutes on the GENESYS 2.
1. Press UTILITY.
2. Press ALIGN LAMP.
3. Press OPTIMIZE ENERGY. The message
"Setting lamp state" will appear.
4. When the lamp state is set, make sure the sample
compartment is empty and closed, then press
ENTER to start the scan.
5. Press EXIT when the scan is complete.
Replacing the instrument battery
The instrument battery (336001-738) provides power
for the backup Random Access Memory (RAM)
components. A missing, defective or depleted battery
can cause a battery voltage error message during
power-on diagnostics. In addition, setup parameters
stored in RAM can be lost or revert to default settings.
Any RAM data lost will have to be reset after the
battery is replaced. Follow this procedure to replace
the battery, then refer to the information on page 6-8 if
you need to reset lost setup parameters.
1.
Turn off and unplug the instrument.
2. If any accessory is plugged into the socket at the
rear of the sample compartment, disconnect it.
This socket is part of the Accessory Board located
behind the sample compartment. To access the
instrument battery, you must remove the
Accessory Board.
3. Position the instrument so you can access the rear
panel).
4. Loosen the single screw securing the Accessory
Board and the Accessory Board cover plate.
5. Remove the cover plate and set it aside.
6. The Accessory Board plugs into a socket on the
Optical Bench Board (the board to which the
battery is secured).
Grasp the bottom left section of the Accessory
Board and pull it back through the opening in the
rear panel to disconnect the plug. You should now
be able to see the instrument battery (1/2AA
lithium) in the battery socket mounted on the
Optical Bench Board.
7. The battery is surrounded by a plastic strap used
to secure the battery during shipment. Use a pair
of diagonal cutters to remove it.
8. Observe which end of the battery is plus (to the
right, when viewed from the rear of the
instrument) and then remove the battery by lifting
it straight up and out of the socket.
9. If you have a GENESYS 5:
a. Plug in the instrument. (You can ignore the
error messages displayed during the next step.)
b. Turn on the instrument for approximately 10
seconds to ensure that the electronics are in the
proper state.
c.
Turn off and unplug the instrument.
10. Identify the positive (+) and negative (-) ends of
the replacement instrument battery and battery
holder.
Maintenance
6 - 7
Figure 6-4 Location of Accessory Board and Instrument Battery
KEY
1. Accessory board 6. LAN connector
2. A/C power connector 7. Parallel (Centronics) port
3. Dust filter 8. Battery in battery holder
4. Fuse/Voltage select access panel 9. Optical bench board
5. Serial (RS232C) port 10. DC power status LEDs
11. Insert the battery into the battery holder with the
positive (+) and negative (-) ends aligned as when
the battery was removed in step 8.
12. Replace the Accessory Board which was removed
in step 6.
13. Replace the Accessory Board cover plate and
secure with the single screw.
14. Tighten the screw to secure the Accessory Board
and the cover plate.
15. Reconnect any accessories disconnected in step 2.
16. Position the instrument so you can access the front
panel, plug the instrument in and turn on the
power.
Maintenance
6 - 8
The instrument fuse must be replaced
with the same type and rating fuse.
If the fuse fails repeatedly, it may
indicate a serious problem with the
instrument. Contact your service representative as
soon as possible.
Resetting setup parameters
It is possible for battery-backed-up memory to be
corrupted when the instrument battery is replaced. If
the memory is corrupted, you will need to reset the
setup parameters. The following list identifies the
parameters you may need to reset and the section of
this manual containing the appropriate instructions.
C
Date and time (
Setting up the Instrument
)
C
Language (
Setting up the Instrument
)
C
Printer (
Setting up the Instrument
)
C
Plotter (
Setting up the Instrument
)
C
Lamp change wavelength (
Dictionary
)
C
Cell alignment (
Setting up the Instrument
)
Note:
If you have a cell-holder accessory
installed, refer to the manual shipped with
the accessory for instructions.
C
Printer page break (
Dictionary
)
C
Last test setup used (
Operation
)
C
Concentration units (
Dictionary
)
C
Serial port setup (
RS232C
)
In addition, you may also need to reset the Motor
Step-to-WL table code and/or the instrument baseline.
If either of these needs to be reset, the instrument will
prompt you to do so. The code for the instrument
Motor Step-to-WL table is located on a sticker
underneath the instrument keyboard.
Note:
Some of these parameters are not available in
all versions of the instrument software. If your
version of the software does not prompt for
these parameters, you may ignore them.
Changing the fuse
The fuse is located within the power entry module
located at the center of the rear panel of the instrument
(see diagram on page x).
120VAC, 2.5A, Slo-Blo
240VAC, 1.25A, Slo-Blo (2 required)
See Table 6-1 on page 6-10 for a list of replacement
part numbers.
1. Turn off and unplug the instrument.
2. Position the instrument so you can see the power
entry module on the rear panel.
3. Remove the power cord.
4. Insert a flat-blade screwdriver (
c" wide blade)
into the fuse/voltage select cover removal notch.
Pry off the fuse/voltage select cover.
5. Pull out the fuse/voltage select cover (Figure
6-4). This removes the fuse holder assembly and
allows you to access the fuse.
6. Remove the fuse by unsnapping it from the
contact on the fuse/voltage select cover.
7. Snap a new fuse into the contact on the fuse/
voltage select cover.
8. Reinsert the fuse/voltage select cover with the
new fuse.
9. Replace the power cord.
10. Plug the instrument back in the appropriate outlet
and turn on the power.
Note: If the fuse blows again, contact service at
the number listed on back cover.
Maintenance
6 - 9
The proper line voltage must be
selected, and the corresponding fuse
installed (see step 9 below), to ensure that the
instrument operates properly and/or to prevent
damage to the instrument.
Turn off and unplug the instrument
before changing the voltage setting.
Figure 6-5 Fuse / Voltage select cover
Figure 6-6 Orienting the voltage select card
Changing the voltage setting
You may select either 120 VAC or 240 VAC for the
line voltage on your GENESYS spectrophotometer.
The power entry module located at the center of the
rear panel contains a voltage selection card that
enables you to select the correct voltage.
Determine the current line voltage setting by
examining the voltage selection indicators (see Figure
6-4) on the rear panel of the instrument. A white peg
appears in the hole adjacent to the 120 VAC or 240
VAC setting to indicate the current setting.
If the current line voltage is different from the line
voltage being supplied to the instrument, you have
two choices:
CUse an outlet that supplies the line voltage indicated
on the instrument
CChange the voltage setting on the instrument
Follow the procedure below to change the voltage
setting on the instrument.
1. Turn off and unplug the instrument.
2. Position the instrument so you can see the power
entry module on the rear panel.
3. Remove the power cord.
4. Insert a flat-blade screwdriver (c" wide blade)
into the fuse/voltage select cover removal notch.
Pry off the fuse/voltage select cover (Figure 6-4).
This allows you to access the fuse and the
voltage selection card (Figure 6-5)
5. Grasp the exposed edge of the voltage select card
with a pair of needle-nose pliers.
6. Remove the card by pulling it horizontally out of
the voltage select card slot.
KEY
1. Power cord receptacle
2. Fuse cover removal notch
3. Fuse holder and voltage selector cover
4. Voltage selection indicator
5. Do not remove these screws
7. Position the white plastic indicator dot on the
voltage select card so it is in the 120 VAC
position or the 240 VAC position as indicated in
Figure 6-5.
8. Firmly insert the voltage select card back into the
voltage select card slot.
Maintenance
6 - 10
Table 6-1 Replacement parts for GENESYS spectrophotometers
9. If you have changed the voltage, you must also
reverse the fuse holder and change the fuse:
CFor 240V operation, there should be slots for
two fuses.
CFor 110V operation, there should be one fuse
slot and a shorting bar.
Loosen the Phillips screw, slide the fuse holder
away from the screw hole, then lift up. Flip the
fuse holder over and replace it on the voltage
cover, making sure the edges seat properly.
Tighten the Phillips screw and place the correct
fuse(s) in the fuse holder (see the instructions for
Changing the fuse in this section). Refer to Table
6-1 for part numbers for the fuses.
10. Replace the fuse/voltage select cover, making
sure that the white peg on the voltage select card
extends through the correct opening.
11. Replace the power cord.
12. Plug the instrument back in and turn on the
power.
Replacing the paper in the internal
printer
1. Cut the paper at the end of the roll in a "V" to
make a point at the end of the paper.
2. Carefully feed the printer paper (shiny side
down) into the printer using the Line feed key on
the printer.
3. When the paper is installed, thread the paper
through the panel slot in the printer cover and
snap the printer cover panel back into the
instrument cover.
4. To test the printer, press the PRINT key on the
keyboard.
Cleaning the internal printer head
Run a piece of coarse paper (similar to construction
paper) back and forth through the printer head to
remove any dirt.
Replacement parts
Table 6-1 lists the replacement parts for your
GENESYS spectrophotometer.
Tungsten-halogen lamp
(package of 2 lamps) 335423
Deuterium lamp 343425
Sample Compartment Door 336001-253
Fan filter (package of 10) 335660
Battery (instrument) 336001-738
Dust cover 336065
Fuse (for 115V operation, 2.5A, Slo-Blo, package of 4) 333526
Fuse (for 220V operation, 1.25A, Slo-Blo, package of 8) 336013
Lamp area cover 336001-174
Power cord (120V U.S.) 335001-634
7 - 1
Section 7 - Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
In addition to the general maintenance procedures
described in the Maintenance section, periodically
you may need to perform selected diagnostic and
troubleshooting procedures. For example, you should
check wavelength calibration and photometric
linearity to verify the instrument's performance.
This section includes selected diagnostic procedures
that you can perform and a troubleshooting guide,
including a list of error messages for GENESYS 2
and 5 instruments.
Checking the wavelength calibration
Normally, your GENESYS spectrophotometer
retains its wavelength calibration indefinitely.
However, if the instrument receives a severe shock or
is abused, use one of the following items to check the
wavelength calibration:
!Wavelength Accuracy Test filter from Standards
(#333150)
!NIST Standards
Checking photometric linearity
If you suspect the photometric linearity of your
instrument is not adequate, first check your analytical
procedure and technique. You can check the
photometric linearity of the instrument by inspecting
the standard curve of a chemical species known to
obey Beer's Law. A linear standard curve indicates
photometric linearity and low stray light levels.
We recommend one of the following items to check
photometric linearity:
C SPECTRONIC Standards (#333150)
CNIST Standards #930 and #1930
General troubleshooting
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer should provide
consistently reliable performance. However, if you
have problems operating the instrument, you can
often resolve them by performing a few basic checks:
CEnsure that the instrument is getting the right
power; i.e., steady line voltage at the correct voltage
for the instrument.
CVerify that the line voltage selection card (mounted
in the fuse compartment of the main unit) is set for
the correct line voltage.
CCheck that the instrument goes through the
power-on sequence properly when you turn it on.
CObserve and record any error messages.
Troubleshooting GENESYS 2 and 5
Generally, when you enter a value outside the limits
for a parameter, the instrument will beep three times
to warn you. The instrument will continue to display
the limits for the parameter (Entry: will remain the
same) until you enter a value which is within the
limits for the parameter.
You may want to obtain and use the Performance
Validation SoftCard (336090-10) to evaluate and
track the performance of your GENESYS 2 or 5
instrument. For more information, contact your
distributor.
Troubleshooting GENESYS 2 PC
The WinSpec software includes a Performance
Validation application that you can use to evaluate
and track performance. Refer to your WinSpec
Operator’s Manual for more information.
Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
7 - 2
Table 7-1 Alphabetical list of error messages for GENESYS 2 and 5 instruments
Message Cause Action
Access denied (<SoftCard
letter>:)
Write-protect violation on
Memory SoftCard. The write-
protect tab is set to "protect."
Remove the SoftCard and turn off
the write-protection mechanism.
Re-insert the SoftCard.
Accessory un-installed.
Please re-install and
press CANCEL.
An accessory was removed from
the instrument while running an
application.
Re-install the accessory that was
removed and press CANCEL.
Bad format (<SoftCard
letter>:)
Memory SoftCard has a bad
format.
Format the SoftCard (see
Formatting a Memory SoftCard in
the Setting up the Instrument
section).
Cannot execute <program
name>
An application program could not
load.
Insert the SoftCard containing the
application program and try the
operation again. If the problem
persists, call Technical Support.
Corrupted test/data file
filename: <filename>
The specified test or data file is
corrupt.
The specified test or data file can
no longer be used. Delete the file
and use a different one.
Database read error There was an error reading a text
string from the language database.
Call Technical Support.
Database file:
<basename>.sdb not found
The specified language database
was not found.
Call Technical Support.
Dead battery (<SoftCard
letter>:)
Battery in Memory SoftCard is
dead; data may be lost.
Replace the battery according to
the procedure in the Setting up the
Instrument section.
Debug message:
<specific message>
A debugging message put in by
the programmer is being
displayed.
Call Technical Support.
Error saving test. Test
<testname> exists and is
locked.
An attempt was made to save to a
locked test file.
Unlock the test file and try to save
the test file again OR save the test
using a new name.
File access denied
(<filename>)
An attempt was made to write to a
locked file.
Unlock the file and try the write
operation again.
Global system data is
corrupt
press IGNORE to reload
defaults
Non-volatile instrument memory
is corrupt or not initialized.
Press IGNORE. The default
instrument settings will be loaded
into the non-volatile memory.
Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
Message Cause Action
7 - 3
I/O error (<SoftCard
letter>:)
SoftCard is not making a good
connection with the instrument.
Remove the SoftCard and insert it
again. If the problem persists, call
Technical Support at the numbers
listed on back cover.
Illegal interrupt number
####
called from ####:####
An illegal interrupt has occurred
within the instrument.
Call Technical Support.
Incompatible programs
ROM version ###,
application number ###
The application is not compatible
with the system firmware and will
not run.
Run a compatible version of the
application OR call Technical
Support.
Instrument error:
<specific message>
An error occurred that prevents
the program from executing.
Call Technical Support.
Internal filesystem error
(<SoftCard letter>:)
This error indicates a serious
corruption on the specified
SoftCard.
Try to back-up the SoftCard using
the File Manager program then
reformat the SoftCard according to
the procedure in the Setting up the
Instrument section.
LAN communication error Interference or faulty connection
with internal LAN.
Call Technical Support.
LAN error response
received
IDENTIFIER: ##
<specific LAN error
message>
An internal hardware error that
prevents the system from
operating has occurred.
Call Technical Support.
Low battery (<SoftCard
letter>:)
Low voltage in the battery in the
Memory SoftCard.
Replace the battery in the
SoftCard according to the
procedure in the Setting up the
Instrument section.
Memory allocation error An error occurred in the system
memory.
Call Technical Support.
Microsoft runtime error
<specific message>
This indicates an error message
from the Microsoft library.
Call Technical Support.
Not enough space
(<SoftCard letter>:)
The specified SoftCard does not
have enough free space to
perform the requested operation.
Delete information from the
SoftCard, or use another SoftCard
that has enough free space.
Not Installed (<SoftCard
letter>:)
Memory SoftCard is not inserted
in the card slot.
Insert a SoftCard into the specified
card slot.
Optical bench does not
respond
The optical bench is not
responding to the computer board
master.
Call Technical Support.
Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
Message Cause Action
7 - 4
Plotter communication error A serial communication error
occurred on the connection to the
plotter.
1) Check that the cable connecting
the plotter is connected properly.
2) Check the baud rate, parity,
word size and number of stop bits
on both the instrument and the
plotter.
Plotter disconnected An attempt was made to access
the plotter, but no plotter is
connected.
Re-connect the plotter.
Plotter is off-line An attempt was made to access
the plotter, but it is off-line.
Put the plotter on-line.
Plotting complete
Please replace paper
The page plot is complete. Load the plotter with a new sheet
of paper to plot the next page.
<screen is cleared>
Power failure:
cycle power to restart
AC power has been briefly
interrupted; a brownout may have
occurred.
Turn off the instrument and then
turn it back on.
Printer disconnected An attempt was made to access
the printer, but no printer is
connected.
! If the printer is the external
printer, re-connect it.
! If the printer is the internal
printer, call Technical Support.
Printer error A printer fault has occurred. 1) Check that the printer is ON,
connected, on-line, has paper and
that the paper is inserted correctly.
2) Reinstall the printer by pressing
UTILITY and selecting the
appropriate printer.
Printer is off-line An attempt was made to access
the printer, but it is off-line.
Put the printer on-line.
Printer out of paper The printer does not have any
paper.
Re-load the printer with paper.
Remove write-protect on
(<SoftCard letter>:)
An attempt was made to write to a
SoftCard that has been protected
against writes.
Remove the SoftCard and turn off
the write-protection mechanism.
Re-insert the SoftCard.
sys_init_memory(): out of
memory
The system ran out of memory
during initialization.
Call Technical Support.
System baseline error
A new base line will be
generated
Press IGNORE and wait
about 20 minutes
The system baseline is invalid and
must be rebuilt.
Press IGNORE and wait for the
new baseline to be built.
Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
Message Cause Action
7 - 5
System clock error
press IGNORE to reset
to <time and date>
System clock has been corrupted
with an invalid time or date.
Press IGNORE to accept the
default time and date. Then press
UTILITY and set the correct time
and date according to the
procedure in the Setting up the
Instrument section.
Test/data file <filename>.
The file is incompatible
with the current version of
the software.
The specified test or data file is
not compatible with the software
that is running on the instrument.
Use a different test or data file OR
use the version of the software that
is compatible with the desired test
or data file.
Too little light The illumination level may be too
low. This error may also occur if
the path of the light beam is
disturbed or if the sample has too
high an absorbance.
1) Check the light path and
remove any blockage in the
sample compartment.
2) Set AutoZero.
3) Set the lamp interchange
wavelength to 340 nm.
4) Adjust the tungsten lamp.
5) Replace the tungsten lamp.
6) Perform the optimize energy
procedure.
If the condition still exists, call
Technical Support.
Too much light The illumination level is too high;
there is too much light in the
sample compartment.
1) Close the door of the sample
compartment.
2) Set AutoZero.
3) Perform the optimize energy
procedure.
If the condition still exists, call
Technical Support.
Tungsten lamp burned out. The tungsten lamp has burnt out. Install a new tungsten lamp
according to the procedure in the
Maintenance section.
Turn plotter ON An attempt was made to access
the plotter, but it is OFF.
Turn on the plotter.
Turn printer ON An attempt was made to access
the printer, but it is OFF.
Turn on the printer.
Unexpected LAN response.
Sent: ##
Got: Addr ##, Command
##, Status ##,
Data ## . . .
An error occurred in the optical
subsystem.
Call Technical Support.
Diagnostics & Troubleshooting
Message Cause Action
7 - 6
Value outside photometric
range
1) The reading is outside the
photometric measurement range
of the instrument.
2) The sample may be too dark.
1) Re-enter values and make sure
they are within the operating range
of the instrument.
2) Dilute the sample OR change to
a different wavelength.
A - 1
Appendix A - Selecting glassware & Preparing samples/standards
Preparing samples and standards
To ensure accurate and consistent results, always
follow good laboratory practices when preparing
samples and standards. Treat samples and standards
the same throughout the preparation and
measurement procedures. Use consistent measuring
and mixing techniques and be sure to clean glassware
thoroughly, both inside and out. Contaminating
material on glassware may absorb light, and may also
react chemically with reagents or standards.
Selecting glassware
For best results, exactly the same cell (square cuvette
or test tube) should be used for every reading -
blanks, standards and samples. In practice, however,
it is usually inconvenient to clean cells between
readings. Consequently, many different cells are
used. The operator must ensure that each of the cells
used has identical optical characteristics.
The traditional approach to matching cells in a
single-beam instrument is to ensure that the
absorbance and reflection characteristics of the glass
or quartz are the same. This is done by cleaning the
inside and outside of all the cells to be matched,
filling the cells with distilled water and measuring the
transmittance (or absorbance) near 100%T (0A). The
agreement between transmittance readings indicates
the degree of matching between cells.
Matching cells in a single-beam instrument should
always be done at the analytical wavelength because
matching at one wavelength does not guarantee
matching at others. If the selected cells do not match,
it is better to find cells that do match rather than
applying corrections to the data.
In addition to comparing cells containing water, the
cells should also be filled with the solution to be
measured. This provides an additional check and
alerts the operator to any discrepancies in pathlength
which would not be detected by matching with water
only.
Test tubes must also be matched and always placed in
the instrument in exactly the same orientation in the
light beam. A fiducial mark on the test tube helps you
orient the test tubes consistently and correctly in the
sample compartment.
Square cuvettes that are carefully matched yield very
precise results. Matched test tubes, when properly
handled, can show as little as 1-2% deviation between
readings.
The pathlength of test tubes is not as well defined as
in square cuvettes. However, constructing a standard
curve eliminates the need for great accuracy in
knowing the pathlength, provided that the same
pathlength cell is used for all blanks, standards and
samples.
The wavelength range for different types of cells
varies depending on the manufacturer:
CGlass: From 320 to 360nm (depending on
manufacturer) up to 1100nm
CQuartz: From 200 to 230nm (depending on
manufacturer) up to 1100nm
CDisposable: Refer to manufacturer's
specifications and ensure that you
work within the recommended
range.
Note: When using small aperture cells, please be
sure to follow these guidelines:
CAlways use masked cells.
CAlign the cell holder using the cells you intend
to use when measuring samples.
CUse the same cell (or cuvette) for your blank
and your samples.
A - 2
CELL SELECTION CHART FOR GENESYS Spectrophotometers
PICTURE DESCRIPTION CATALOG
NUMBER
PATHLENGTH DIMENSIONS VOLUME USABLE
RANGE
NUMBER
INCLUDED
REMARKS
Square Cuvette
Optical Glass
331709 10 mm 45 H x 12.52 OD
mm
min 1.3 ml
max 4.0 ml
320-1100 nm Matched
set of 2
Square Cuvette
Quartz
331742 200-1100 nm
Ultra-Microcell
Quartz
331752 10 mm 50 H x 12.52 OD
mm
min 0.07 ml
(70 :l)
max 3.0 ml
200-1100 nm One •Masked
•Sample Chamber Aperture Dimensions:
2 H x 2-2.5 W mm
•Z-Dimension 8.5 mm
Flowcell
Optical Glass
335171
10 mm 38.5 H x 12.52 OD
mm
0.08 ml
(80 :l)
chamber
volume
320-1100 nm
One •Sample Chamber Aperture Diameter 3 mm
•Z-Dimension 8.5 mm
Flowcell
Quartz
335172 200-1100 nm
10 mm Test Tube
Optical Glass
331775 10 mm
(0.39")
88 H x 12 OD mm
(3.5" x 0.48")
In test tube
holder:
min 1.3 ml
max 6.5 ml
In sq. holder:
min 1.5 ml
max 6.5 ml
340-1100 nm Box of 12
•The 10 mm Test Tube (#331775) can
be used in the following square cuvette
holders - the single cuvette holder
(#336028), the standard 8-Position
Multi-Cell Holder (#336027), or the test
tube holder (#336014)
•¾” and 1" Test Tube (#331782) requires
Light Shield (336015)
•Test Tube (#331773) has flat bottom
20 mm Test Tube
Optical Glass
331777 20 mm
(0.8")
88 H x 22 OD mm
(3.5" x 0.9")
min 4.5 ml
max 27.0 ml
1/2" Test Tube
Optical Glass
331780 0.459"
(11.7 mm)
101.6 x 12.7 mm
(4" H x 0.5" OD)
min 1.3 ml
max 10.0 ml
3/4" Test Tube
Optical Glass
331781 0.675"
(17.2 mm)
152.4 x 18.2 mm
(6“ H x 0.715" OD)
min 3.0 ml
max 33.0 ml
1" Test Tube
Optical Glass
331782 0.880"
(22.4 mm)
152.4 x 24.4 mm
(6" H x 0.96" OD)
min 5.5 ml
max 55.0 ml
1" Short Test Tube
Optical Glass
331773 0.880"
(22.4 mm)
65.0 x 24.4 mm
(2.56" H x 0.96"
OD)
min 6.0 ml
max 24.0 ml
A - 3
CELL SELECTION CHART FOR GENESYS Spectrophotometers
Continued
PICTURE DESCRIPTION CATALOG
NUMBER
PATHLENGTH DIMENSIONS VOLUME USABLE
RANGE
NUMBER
INCLUDED
REMARKS
Longpath Cylindrical
Cell, Optical Glass
331731 50 mm
Outer Diameter,
22 mm
Inner Diameter,
19 mm
min 13.0 ml
max 13.0 ml
320-1100 nm
Matched
set of 2 •Double Stoppered
Longpath Cylindrical
Cell, Quartz
331768 50 mm min 13.0 ml
max 13.0 ml
200-1100 nm
Longpath Cylindrical
Cell, Optical Glass
331732 100 mm min 28.0 ml
max 28.0 ml
320-1100 nm
Longpath Cylindrical
Cell, Quartz
331769 100 mm min 28.0 ml
max 28.0 ml
200-1100 nm
Longpath Rectangular
Cell, Optical Glass
331733 50 mm
45 H x 12.5 W mm
min 6.5 ml
max 20.0 ml
320-1100 nm
Matched
set of 2
Longpath Rectangular
Cell, Quartz
331734 50 mm min 6.5 ml
max 20.0 ml
200-1100 nm
Longpath Rectangular
Cell, Optical Glass
331766 100 mm min 16.5 ml
max 56.0 ml
320-1100 nm
Longpath Rectangular
Cell, Quartz
331767 100 mm min 16.5 ml
max 56.0 ml
200-1100 nm
Selecting glassware
A - 4
B - 1
Figure B-1 Light beam (10 mm
square cuvettes)
Figure B-2 Light beam (10 mm
test tubes)
Table B-1 Light beam specifications
Appendix B - Sample Compartment Layout / Dimensions
The sample compartment of your GENESYS
spectrophotometer contains the 8-Position Multi-Cell
Holder that is included with the instrument. This cell
holder can accommodate up to eight of the following
cells:
C
Square cuvettes (regular, semi-micro, 70 µL micro,
flowthrough) - see
Appendix A
for more information
C
Test tubes (10 mm pathlength, 88 mm tall -
#331775)
C
Short pathlength cuvettes (1 mm, 2 mm or 5 mm
pathlength), spacers are required
Note:
Semi-micro and ultra-micro cuvettes must be
manually aligned in the Multi-Cell Holder.
Figure B-1 and Figure B-2 illustrate the GENESYS
spectrophotometer light beam. Table B-1 contains the
specifications for the sample compartment, including
the dimensions of the beam.
Z-dimension
Square cuvettes 8.5mm
Test tubes 15mm
Beam size 2mm (wide) x 9mm (high)
The test tube access door is the hinged cover on top
of the sample compartment door. This access door is
particularly useful when test tubes greater than
100 mm in length are used. The test tubes can be
inserted through this door into the accessory Test
Tube Holder (336014). Test tubes greater than
100 mm in length also require the use of the Light
Shield (336015).
Sample Compartment Layout / Dimensions
B - 2
C-1
Figure C-1 Optical diagram for GENESYS spectrophotometers
Appendix C - Optical Description
Your GENESYS spectrophotometer is a split-beam The appropriate source lamp is selected
instrument equipped with two detectors, as shown in automatically (based on the switchover wavelength
Figure C-1. selected by the user). Upon power-up, the lamp
The overall optical system of the instrument offers greater precision and accuracy.
several advantages: The light beam is 9 millimeters (mm) high by
The two detectors are UV-enhanced silicon diode 2 mm wide. Using a beam this high minimizes
detectors. One detector is used for sample sensitivities to small variations in the vertical
measurements and the other for reference position of the sample cell.
measurements. The reference detector monitors
any small source fluctuations. In addition, the The GENESYS 2 model differs from the
location of the reference detector reduces GENESYS 5 model in the following ways:
polarization, resulting in smoother data and more TheGENESYS2hasa2nmsinglebandwidth
consistent results. versus the 5 nm single band width of the
The instrument uses a crossed Czerny-Turner GENESYS 5.
monochromator with a blazed holographic grating The GENESYS 2 and 2 PC have a chopped optical
(1200 grooves / millimeter) which provides better system for better signal-to-noise performance.
performance in the UV and near IR regions.
position is automatically optimized and aligned for
KEY
1. Mirror A 9. Detector
2. Tungsten lamp 10. Beam splitter
3. Entrance slit 11. Lens
4. Grating 12. Reference detector
5. Filter wheel assembly 13. Exit slit
6. Mirror B 14. Concave mirror
7. Sample 15. Concave mirror
8. Condenser lens 16. Deuterium lamp
Optical description
C-2
i
Index
A
A/%T/C program ............ 2-2
Accessory cell holders
Installing .................. 4-3
Accessory Guide ............ 4-9
Air filter ................... 6-2
Automatic A/%T/C measurements 2-2
B
Battery
Instrument ................ 6-6
Memory SoftCards .......... 1-7
C
Cell Holder Platform ......... 4-1
Cell Holders
Installing .................. 4-3
Cells
Cleaning and maintenance . . . 6-1
Changing the fuse ........... 6-8
Changing the voltage setting . . . 6-8
Checking photometric linearity . 7-1
Checking wavelength calibration 7-1
Cleaning .................. 6-1
Cleaning internal printer head . 6-10
Cleaning the air filter ......... 6-2
Computer (external) ......... 4-7
D
Deuterium lamp ............. 6-4
E
8-Position Multi-Cell Holder
Aligning................... 1-6
Removing ................. 4-2
Replacing ................. 4-2
Electrical requirements ....... 1-2
Energy scan ............... 6-6
Environmental requirements . . . 1-2
External computers .......... 4-7
External plotters ............ 4-7
External printers ............ 4-7
F
File Manager ............... 2-4
File types .................. 2-1
Fuse ..................... 6-8
G
General operating principles . . . 2-1
I
Instrument battery ........... 6-6
Instrument description ........ 1-1
Instrument setup ............ 1-4
Internal printer ......... 4-4, 6-10
M
Maintenance ............... 6-1
Manual A/%T/C measurements 2-2
Memory SoftCards
Formatting ................ 1-7
Preparing ................. 1-7
Replacing the battery ........ 1-7
Securing tests.............. 1-7
O
Optimizing energy ........... 6-6
Output devices ............. 1-5
Index
ii
P
Photometric linearity ......... 7-1
Pin functions ............... 5-1
Plotter .................... 1-5
Plotters ................ 4-4, 4-7
Power-on sequence ......... 1-4
Printer .................... 1-5
Printers .................... 4-4
External .................. 4-7
Internal ................... 4-4
Program Manager program .... 2-7
R
Remote operation of instrument 5-1
Replacement parts ......... 6-10
Replacing instrument battery . . 6-6
Replacing parts
Deuterium lamp ............ 6-4
Paper in internal printer ..... 6-10
Tungsten-halogen lamp ...... 6-2
RS232C interface
ANSI C escape sequences . . . 5-7
Command descriptions ...... 5-4
Specifications .............. 5-3
S
Scanning program ........... 2-9
Collecting scan data ........ 2-11
Processing scan data....... 2-11
Specifications ............... 1-2
T
Troubleshooting ............. 7-1
Tungsten-halogen lamp ...... 6-2
U
Utility parameters ........... 1-4
V
Vertical alignment of
tungsten-halogen lamp ....... 6-4
Voltage setting .............. 6-8
W
Wavelength calibration ....... 7-1

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