TM 1146_Augmented_Satellite_Control_Facility_System_Description_Apr63 1146 Augmented Satellite Control Facility System Description Apr63

TM-1146_Augmented_Satellite_Control_Facility_System_Description_Apr63 TM-1146_Augmented_Satellite_Control_Facility_System_Description_Apr63

User Manual: TM-1146_Augmented_Satellite_Control_Facility_System_Description_Apr63

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UNCLASSIFLED

AD

404

800

DEFENSE

DOCUMENTATION

CENTER

FOR

SCIENTIFIC

AND

IECHNICAL

INFORMATION

CAMERON

STATION.

ALEXANDRIA.

VIRGINIA

UNCLASSIFIED

NOTICE:

When

government

or

other

drawings,

speci-

fications

or

other

data

are

used

for

any

purpose

other

than

in

connection

with

a

definitely

related

government

procurement

operation,

the

U.

S.

Government

thereby incurs

no

responsibility,

nor

any

obligation

whatsoever;

and

the

fact

that

the

Govern-

ment

may

have

formulated,

furnished,

or

in

any

way

supplied

the

said

drawings,

specifications,

or

other

data

is

not

to

be

regarded

by

implication

or

other-

wise

as

in

any

manner

licensing

the

holder

or

any

other

person

or corporation, or

conveying

any

rights

or

permission

to

manufacture,

use

or

sell

any

patented invention

that

may

in

any

way

be

related

thereto.

IC

TM-1146/000

00

Augmented

Satellite

Control

Facility

System

Description

I A 9;!

1q'

TM-11l6/ooo/oo

(TM

Series)

DDCf

AVAILABILITY

NOTICE

Qualified requesters

Tay

obtain

copies

of

this

report

from

DDC.

this

document

was

produced

by

SOC

in

performance

of

contract

AF

19(628)

-16kG8,

Space

Systems

Division

Progrwm,

for

Spaoe

Syýtems

DivLsion,

AFSC.

Augmenited

Satellite

Control

Fneility

SYSTEM

System

Description

DEVELOPMENT

by

CORPORATION

1

April

1963

2500

COLORADO AVE.

Approved

SANTA

MONICA

R.

D.

Knight

CALIFORNIA

The

views,

conciusions

or

recommendations

expressed

in

this

document

do

not

neces-

sarily

reflect

the

official views

or

policies

of

agencies

of

the

United

States

Cuvernment.

Permission

to

quote

from

this

document

orto

reproduce

it,

wholly

or

in

part,

should

be

obtained

in

advance

from

the

System

Development

Corporation.

Although

this

document

contains

no

classified

information

it

has

not

been

cleared

for

open

publication

by

the

Department

of

Defense-

Open

publication,

wholly

or

in

pail,

is

prohibited

without

the

prior

approval

df

the System

Development

Corporation-

1

April

1963

21

nl146/O00/oO

SJMARY

This

description

of

the

Augmented

Satellite

Control

Facility

(SCF)

is

approached

from

two

points

of

view:

first,

the

equipment

subsystems

are

described

in

terms

of

their

capabilities,

functions,

and

primary

usages;

second,

the

principal

activities

performed

by

the

SCF;

i.e.,

telemetry,

tracking,

commanding,

and

scheduling

arŽ•

explained

in

such

a

way

that the

previously

described

equipments

are

tied

together

into

systems,

with

emphasis

on

the

functional

aspects

of

SCF

operations.

The

SCF

is

composed

of

a

central

control

station

called

the

Satellite

Test

Center

(STC)

and

six

remote

tracking

stations,

three

of

which

have

limited

dual

capability.

Mhe

STC

is

equipped

to

support

six

satellites

simultaneously.

Its

data

processing

subsystems

are divided

into

two

main

functional

groupings:

one,

the

"Bird

Buffer

complex,"

is

vehicle

oriented,

and

has

eight

CDC

160A

computers, each

of

which

can

be

individually

assigned

to

an

active

satellite

as

a

buffer;

the

other

grouping

is

the

off-line-computer

complex,

which

uses

four

CDC

1604

computers

to

do

the

main

computational

chores

for

the

system.

To

achieve

flexibility

of

operation

and

rapid

reconfiguration,

computer-

controlled

switching

units

are

used

to

interconnect

the

Bird

Buffers

with

the

off-line

computers

on

one

side,

and

with

the

tracking

stations

on

the

other.

The

three

dual

tracking

stations

are

capable

of

supporting

certain

com-

binations

of

two

satellites

simultaneously.

Each

tracking

station

has

three

main

equipment

groupings:

1.

Antenna

subsystems--these

subsystems

are

in

closest

contact

with

the

orbiting

vehicles

and

provide

the

communication

links

between

the vehicles

and

the

ground.

2.

Data

Processing

subsystem--tnis

subsystem,

which

interfaces

with

the

STC

via

data

link,

is

made

up

of

two

CDC

160A

computers

and

their

peripheral

equipment.

The

two

computers,

one

for

telemetry

and

one

for

tracking

and

commanding,

process

data

sent

to

and from

the

STC.

3.

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Command

subsystems--these

subsystems

transform

telemetry,

tracking,

and

commanding

data

from

the

Antenna

subsystems

into

a

form

suitable

for

the

Data

Processing

subsystem,

and

vice versa.

The

above

three

equipment

groupings

are

connected

together

by

manual

patchboards

to

give

tracking

stattons

a

flexibility

and

reconfiguration

capability

ap-

proaching

that

of

the

STC.

The

tracking,

telemetry,

and

commanding

functions

are

initiated

by

a

prepass

message,

which

is

sent

to

the

tracking

station

by

the

STC.

This

message

1

April

1963

2

UM-1I,46/000/00

contains

the

satellite

acquisition

data for

the

antennas,

the

telemetry

mode

configuration,

and

the

command

data

to

be

sent

to

the

satellite.

Upon

acquisition,

tracking

data

are

sent

to

the

STC

for

orbit

determination,

and

selected

telemetry

data

points

are

processed

and

sent

to

the

STC

in

real

time.

Commands

are

initiated

at

the

tracking

station

in

accordance

with

the

instructions

received

from

the

STC,

and

a

record

of

all

commands

sent

to

the

satellite

is

returned

to

the

STC.

Commands

may

be

initiated

from

the

STC

in

real

time

and

telemetry

mode

changes

may

be

made

during

a

pass.

The

functions

of

the

STC

and

the

tracking

stations

are

performed

in

accordance

with

a

master

schedule.

This

schedule,

prepared

by

a

1604

computer

program

called

SCHOPS,

with

inputs

from

the Multi-ops

personnel,

takes

into

account

the

contact

times

of

each

active

vehicle

with

each

station,

the

priorities

of

each

vehicle,

the

system

resources,

and

other

pertinent

information

that.

affects

the

operating

schedule.

These

data

are

processed

to

predict

con-

flicting

demands

on

system

facilities.

The

conflicts

are

resolved

by

preset

priorities

or

by manual

intervention,

and

a

schedule

is

output

detailing

the

usage

of

system

resources.

Also

part

of

the

output

is a

schedule

tape

for

driving the

Switch

Control

Computer

at

the

STC5,

which

causes

switches

to

connect

and

disconnect

the

various

subsystems

at

the

times

dictated

by

the

schedule.

Tracking

station

subsystems

are

connected

and

disconnected

manually

at

the

times

specified

by

the

schedule.

1

April

1963

3

T-lih6/ooo/Oo

FOREWORD

A

need

has

been

recognized

for

a

single-document

source

that

describes

the

end

products

of

the

Augmentation

Program

in

sufficient

detail

to

be

of

interest

to

all

the

diverse

technical

groups

working

on

the

program.

Such

a

treatise

should

be

useful

in

presenting

a

more

complete

picture

to

those

workers

who

are

necessarily

engrossed

in

the minutiae

of

their

daily tasks.

It

should

also

be

of

value

to

those

who

have

a

need

for

a

general

under-

standing

of

the

overall

effort

without

becomming

excessively

involved

in

the

details

of

the

program.

This

document

attempts

to

fill

this

need.

In

preparing

this

document,

the

author

has

borrowed

heavily

from

many

of

the

sources

listed

in

the bibliography.

In

many

cases

whole

sections

were

lifted

intact,

as

were

drawings

and

charts.

The

document

therefore

reflects

the

efforts

of

many

individuals.

The

system

described

herein

is

the

system

that

was

planned

as

of

shortly

before

the

publication

date

of

this

document.

In

a

fast-moving

program

of

this

type,

changes

are

inevitable

and

the

probability

is

high

that

this

document

will

have

already

become

obsolete

in

some

respects

before

reaching

the

hands

of

the reader.

It is

not

planned

to

keep

this

document

current;

rather,

it is

believed

that

its

purpose

will

have

been

achieved

if it

conveys

a

general

understanding

of

the

Augmented

SCF,

its

equipment

functions,

and

its

philosophy

of

operation.

1

Apr1l

1963

4

Tm-

1146/ooo/oo

TABLE OF

CONTENTS

St.umaary-

i

F,,-

............ ,. *...,....c ... eta.,....,oc.....o.,....,..*c..,

1.0

Introduction

....

.......................................... 7

2.0

SCF

Equipment

......................

........................

9

2.1

STC

Equipment

.........................................

.. 9

2.1.1

Bird

Buffer

Subsystems0............

*

*.......... ..... 10

2.1.2

CDC

1604

ComputerSubsystems.........................

18

2.1.3

Communication

Data

Select

&

Cross

Connect

Unit

and

Computer

Select

&

Cross

Connect

Unit

..........

20

2.1.4

CDC

16OA

Switch

ControlComputer.................

21

2.1.5

Master

Data

ControlConsole.......................

22

2.1.6

CDC

1604

Computer

.................. .............

23

2,

2.7

CDC

160A

Computer

.... ............ ..... .........

24

2.1.8

CDC

1615

Magnetic

Tape

Unit.......... ..............

25

2.

1 .

9

CDC

166

Line

Printer

..................

....

.......

26

2.1,10

CDC

3612

Line

Printer

......

....

c cct c

.cc

26

2.1.11

CDC

163

Magnetic

Tape

Unit

........................

26

2.1.12

CDC

169

Awuiliary

Memory

Unit

........................

26

2.1.13

CDC

161

Typewriter

Unit

...........................*cc

27

2.2

Tracking

Station

Equipment

...........................

28

2.2.1

Antenna Subsystems

......

cc.c..sccccccc..

.

.....

ccc.

31

2.2.1.1

Verlort

Radar

..........

c...

c...c......c........

31

2.2.1.

2

Prelort

Radar

......... cc...

cc.c.c..

c......

c.

32

2.2.1.3

Telemetry

and Data

(T&D)

Antenna

........ ...

32

2.2.1.4

TLM-18

TelemetryAntenna..

......... ......

32

2.2.1-5

Diac-On-Rod

(DOR)

Antenna

.......

cc.c.t.acc..

34

2.2.1.6

Tri-Helix

Antenna

..................... *.c..c..cc.

34

2.2.2

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Ocananding

Subsystems

..........

35

2.2.2.1

FM/FM

Ground

Station

........

ccoot*cc....o.

35

2.2.2.2

PCM

Ground

Station

.......... .c............a.......cc

36

2.2.2.3

GP-1

Ground

Station

........ . .....c..*c.

37

2.2.2.4

400-me

Receiving/Commanding

Equipment................

39

2.2c3

Data

Processing

Subsystem

...............................

39

2.2.3.1

Tracking

and

Cormand

Computer

Subsystem

(T&C)

........

40

2.2.3.2

Telemetry

Computer

Subsystem

(TIM)

..................

42

2.2.3.3

Input/Output

Buffer

(IOB)

..................

o....c....

43

2.2.3.4

Telemetry

Data

Processor

(TDP)

.......................

44

2.2.3:5

Command

Logic

Equipment

(CLE)

........................

44

2.2.3.6

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC)

.....................

46

1

April

1963

5

TM-1146/O00/O0

TABLE

OF

CONTENS

(Conttd)

2.3

Communication

Equipment

..................................

60

2.3.1

Computer

Communications

Converter

(CCC)

...............

60

2.3.2

Modulator

and

Demodulator

Terminal

Equipment

(MODEM)..

61

2.3.3

IM-13

Cryptographic

Machine

...........................

62

2.3.4

Automatic

Resynchronizing

Equipment

(Auto-Resync).....

62

3.0

Tracking

Functional

Description

.............................

64

3.

1

General

.................................................

64

3.2

Prepass

Message

..........................................

64

3.3

Acquisition

.............................................

64

3.4

Track

History

...........................................

65

4.0

Telemetry

Functional

Description

............................

66

4.1

iGeneral ..................................................

66

4.2

STA

Telemetry

Processing

Outputs

.........................

66

4.2.1

Preflight

Mode

........................................

66

4.2.2

Prepass

Mode

.........................................

67

h.2.3

Real

Time

Telemetry

Processing

Mode

...................

67

4.3

Telemetry

Modules

at

the

STC

.............................

68

4.4

Data

Flow

at

the

Tracking

Station

........................

68

4.5

Data

Flow

at

the

STC

....................................

71

4.6

Telemetry

Operational

Program

(TLMOP)

....................

71

5.0

Commanding

Functional

Description

..........................

73

5.1

General

....

.......................................... .

73

5.2

Analog

Commanding--Manual

Mode..........................75

5.3

Analog

Commanding--Computer

Automatic

Mode

...............

76

5.4

Digital

Commanding--Manual

Mode

..........................

77

5.5

Digital

Commanding--Computer

Automatic

Mode..............

79

5.6

Stored-Program

Commands

.................................

79

5.7

Real-Time

Commands

........... ......................

83

5.8

Command

History

.........................................

85

6.0

Scheduling

Functional

Description

.........................

87

6.1

General

.................................................

87

6.2

Input

Processing

Module

..................................

88

6.3

Conflict

Prediction

Module

...............................

88

6.4

Conflict

Resolution

Module

..............................

89

6.5

Resources

Allocation

Module

.............................

89

6.6

Launch

Planning

Module

.................................

90

6.7'

Output

Processing

Module

.................................

90

6.8

Simulation

and

Data

Reduction

Module

.....................

91

6.9

Control

Module

........................................... ()

References

.............................................................

93

1

April

1963

6

xm-li46/Ooo/oo

LIST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure

Page

1

Locations

of

Augmented

SCF

Tracking

Stations

8

2

STC

Equipment

Block

Diagram

11

3

STC

Control

Area

Layout

13

4

Typical

Augmented

Tracking

Station

Block

Diagram

29

5

Augmented

Tracking

Stations

Equipment

Configurations

33

6

Station

Operator's

Console

(SoC)

47

7 SOC--Antenna

Controller

Section

49

8

SOC--Command

Controller

Section

51

9

SOC--Shift

Supervisor

Section

57

10

Augmented

SCF

Telemetry Data

Flow

69

11

Analog

Pulse

Modulation

Scheme

74

12

Command

Message

Preparation--Inputs

and

Outputs

81

13

Transfer

of

Ctlimand

Message

from

the

1604

to

the

82

Bird

Buffer

14

Transfer

of

Command

Message

frco

Bird

Buffer

to

84

T&C

Computer

at

Tracking

Station

1

April

1963

7

-lJ46/000/00

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The

Augmented

Satellite

Control

Facility

(SCF)

will

be

a

global

network

of

satellite

tracking

stations,

controlled

and

coordinated

from

E

central

location called

the

Satellite

Test

Center

(STC),which

is

located

at

Sunnyvale,

California.

There

will

be

six

remote

tracking

stations

-

five

in

the

western

half

of

the

northern

hemisphere

and

one

off

the

east

coast

of

Africa.

These

stations

are:

1.

Thule

Tracking

Station

(TTS).

2.

New

Hampshire

Station

(NHS).

3.

Vandenberg

Tracking

Station

(VTS).

4.

h.waii

Tracking

Station

(HTS).

5.

Kodiak

Tracking

Station

(KTS).

6.

Indian

Ocean

Station

(IOS).

The

locations

of

these

stations

are

shown

in

Figure

1.

The

primary

function

of

the

Augmented

SCF

is

to

provide

communication

and

control

for

tests

of

space

vehicles

in

the

dense

multiple-satellite

environment

of

the

near

future.

The

SCF

will

have

the

capability

to:

(1)

track

orbiting

satellites,

(2)

command

vehicle-attitude

changes

and

control special

payload

functions,

(3)

receive

and

process

telemetered

data,

and

(4)

effect

the

recovery

of

re-entry

vehicles.

The

Augmented

SCF

will

be

based

on

the

presently

existing

SCF

but

will

have

an

increased

capability

to

support

multiple,

simultaneous

satellite

operations

through

the

use

of

new

tracking,

data

processing,

and

communications

equipment.

This

increased

capability

includes

the

ability

to

support

the

following

operational

situations:

1.

Coincident

support

for

certain

limited

combinations

of

two

different

satellites

having

a

simultaneous

pass

over

VTS,

HTS,

or

NBS.

2.

Six

satellites

being

processed

simultaneously

at

the

STCo

3.

Simultaneous launch

countdown and

single-satellite

pass

at

VTS.

4.

Only

one

vehicle

recovered

during

a

24-hour

period.

5.

A

five-minute-maximum

interval

from

the

time

a

tracking

station

ceases

to

support

one

vehicle

to

the

time

it is

ready

to

support

another

vehicle

(a

design

goal).

The

Augmented

SCF

will

be

able

to

support

the

following

satellite

systems:

162,

2o6, 417,

461,

626,

698BK,

and

823.

1

April

1963

8

TM-inh6/ooo/oo.

Figure

1.

Locations

of

SCF

Tracking

Stations

,S

GREENLAND

KTS

..

'

.,K

HTS

AFRICA

INSET

I

Aycil

1963

9

TM-i146/0oo/oo

2M0

SCF

EQUIPMEVT

2.1

STC

EQUIPMENT

The

STC

exercises

overall

control

and

coordination

of

satellite

tests

and

the

network

facilities.

This

centralization

of

control

is

expecially

necessary

in

a

multiple

-satellite

environment

to

resolve

conflicts

and

priorities,

and

to

insure

optimum

use

of

the

SCF

resources.

The

Augmented

STC

will

have

the

capability

to

control

six

satellites

simultaneously.

Equipment

in

the

STC

is

designed

around

this

maximum

workload.

There

are

eight

vehicle-oriented

Bird

Buffer

computers.

The

two

extra

computers

allow

for

a

backup

capability

and

increased

flexibility.

There

are

four

CDC

1604

off-line

computers,

which

handle

the

bulk

of

the

computational

work

load.

These

two

computer

complexes--

the

vehicle-oriented

Bird

Buffers

and

the

off-line

16

04's--are

mated

together

through

a

programmable

switch,

which

is

under

the control

of

a

CDC

160A

computer;

the

Bird

Buffers

are

connected

to

the

tracking

stations

through

a

similar

s4telh,

controlled

from

the

same

source.

These

switches

make

the

system

flexible

and amenable

to

rapid

reconfiguration.

Figure

2

is a

block

diagram

of

the

STC

equipment

inter-connections.

Although

many

of

the

control

operations

performed

at

the

STC

are

automated,

there

is still a

need

for

a

large

amount

of

human

control

and

decision

making.

The

control

area

is

laid

out

so

as

to

facilitate

the

handling of

up

to

the

maximum

number

(6)

of

simultaneous

satellites.

Figure

3

shows

the

layout

and

same

of

the

communication

facilities

and

display

equipment

available

to

the

operators.

In

the center

of

the

control

area

is

the

main

control

room,

in

which

are

located

the

Master

Controller

and

the

Test

Controllers,

and

from

which

tracking

station

operations

are

directed.

On

the

second

level,

and

overlooking

the

main

control

room,

is

the

Test

Directors'

control

room,

ihere

program

personnel

can

monitor

an

actual

satellite

operation.

AdJacen-

to

the

main

control

room

is

the

Multi-ops

room,

where

Multi-ops

personnel supervise

the

equipment

time

sharing

and

scheduling

necessitated

by

multiple

satellite

operations.

Also

adjacentto

tte

main

controlroomis

the

Data

Presentation

room,

where

operators

prepare

data

for

display

to

the

Test

Controllers

in

the

control

room.

Grouped

around

the

main

control

room

are

six

operating

complexes,

one

for

each

of

the

six

vehicles

the

system

can

control

simultaneously.

Each

complex

has

several

rooms

where

functions

such

as

orbit

planning,

vehicle

analysis,

payload

analysis,

and

command

generation

are

performed under

the

supervision

of

a

Test

Controller.

Across

the

hall

from

the

main

control

area

are

six

rooms

reserved

for

the

Test

Directors,

where

they

can

do

the

necessary

work

of

preparing

for

satellite

operations.

Some

monitoring

facilities

are

also

available

in

these

rooms

to

allow

program

personnel

to

follow

operations

during

vehicle

contact.

The

principal

communications

systems

available

to

the

operators

in

the

main

control

area

are

closed-circuit

television;

pneumatic

tubes

for

passing

written

and

graphic

material;

CDC

166

Buffered

Line

Printers

in

the

Multi-ops,

Data

Presentation,

and

Data

Analysis

rooms

of

the

various

program

complexes;

and

voice

and

teletype

lines

to

the

tracking

stations.

1

April

1963

10

TM-1i46/O00/o0

The

principal

equipment

subsystems

at

the

STC

are

discussed

in

more

detail

in

Sections

2.1.1

through

2.1.13

below,

2.1.1

Bird

Buffer

Subsystem.

The

Bird

Buffer

subsystem

acts

as

a

buffer

between

the

tracking

stations

and

the

STC

complex

of

test

personnel

and

the

CDC

1604

off-line

computers.

It

operates

iln

two

modes:

Non-Real-

Time

and

Real-Time.

The

Real-Time

mode

is in

effect

when

the

tracking

station

is in

contact

with

a

vehicle;

at

that

time,

commanaing,

tracking,

and

telemetry

data

are

passed

between

the

Bird

Buffer,

the

tracking

station,

and

the

vehicle

in

real

time.

The

Non-Real-Time

mode

is

entered

when

there

is

no

vehicle

con-

tact;

it is

used

to

send

prepass

data

to

the

tracking

stations

and

to

pass

data

to

and

from

the

1604

computers.

The

Bird

Buffer

program

is

made

up

of

seven

modules,

whose

specific

functions

are

as

follows:*

1.

Executive

Control

Module

(SXCON)--SXCON

determines

the

operating

sequence

of

the

various

programs,

effects

data

transfers,

and

transmits

system

outputs

to

the

proper

equipment.

2.

Command

Module

(SCOMD)--SCOMD

has

three

primary

functions:

a.

Special

verification

of

command

transmission

to

the

tracking

stations

(explained

in

detail

in

Section

5.0).

b.

Processing

and

printout

of

real-time

command

status

reports.

c.

Postpass

printout

of

command

history.

3.

Prepass

Module

(SPREP)--SPREP

has

four

functions:

a. It

maintains

an

updated

prepass

tape

with

TLM

processing

tables,

command

messages,

antenna

pointing data,

scheduling

messages,

and

text.

b.

Upon

request,

it

sends

the

prepass

data

to

the

tracking

station,

verifies

the

messages

sent,

and

keeps

an

account

of

all

data

received

by

the

station.

c.

When

a

change

in

TLM

mode

is

requested,

it

reads

in

the

appropriate

TEEM

proccasing

table

from

the

first

files

of

the

prepass

tape.

d.

Before

the

start

of

a

pass,

it

writes

on

the

recording

tape

the prepass

information

that

the

station

has

received

for

the

coming

pass.

*

For

a

more

detailed

description,

sce

Reference

4.

1

April

1963

11

TM-1146/000/O0

(Page

12

blank)

1200

BITS

FER

SECOND S

RAL

PARLLEL

N B

D SEIL C

LNS

LINES

'10

TRACKING

5)TATTI0UIN

BIRD

BUFFER

C

169-1

D *B

161

167

C

C

II

AtDDITIONAL

-r

7ADDITIONAL

TRA.CKING

BIRD

BUFFERS

TATOO1PEXES

F,

:14

N

160

A

TIME

iCONTRO

LUFgr .SECOMmPUTER

3=50 I)P-1

iiFigure

2.

STO

Equipment

B

-i

•4-ii.46/000/00

I

160A

B

6

W

I604

CIURITf;

i.

BIRD

BUFFER

CO)MPUT1ER 1

61

6-2

3=

1661A 61-P<16

169-i

6511

B

04

CC•4LEXES

C

C 6D 1,

VA

IN

DP

HOW

U

Y ADDITIONAL =6- 1 It! !,!A

1F

(- DA

RO(W4

BIRD

BUIWFRS

COMPLEXES S1~~

IA

S 1-"! .':T

,)p;;.

1l0(.4

CON"-

TROL

Ai-HIEVIATIONM

CCC

Co"'puter

Conmunication

Converter

CDSCCU

Communication

Data

Select

&

Cross

Connect

Unit

CSCCU

Computer

Select

&

Cross

Connect

Unit

I M.r.A .

Modulator

&

Demodulator

IDCC

Master Deta

Control

Console

BG-13

Cryptographic

Unit

Auto-Resync Automatic

henv-nchronlzation

Unit

533

IBM1

Card Punch and

Reader

1610A

CDC-1604

Adaptor

for

1I'l

Crd

Reader

and

Punch

350

CDC

Paper

Tope

neader

66i

1RPF-11

CDS

Paper

Thpe

Punch

161

CD,

'1M•wite

r

163-h

CDC I

apnetlc

Tape

Freme

(the

dash

number

indicates

tie

numler

of

tope

handlers)

166-2

150

Ipw.

Pr

Inter

167

CDC

Card

Reader

169-1

CBC

External

Memory

(8K)

1612

CDC

1000

ipm

Printer

160A

CDC

Computer

(18K)

16oh

CDC

Computer

(32K)

1615

CBIS

TM

agnetic

Tape Frame

w.ith CDC5

606

Tape

Driven

Figure

2.

STO

Equipment

Block

Diagram

1

1

April

1963

13

Tm-iJA6/ooo/oo

LUMvI

t

I

LUHPILA?

I

K t

COW

ANo ORRt O.t. ORV

r ml r ULANIN

[InJ .-

jJ

DAtA i-

GEI

W0 UY

I

L

]aG

[10 001

--L

QP~JII

II....))~

AIEtoo.I

-' SIRCTO

=3

CIO

IOW

lADCOMPLEX

5M

00DIkECION

AALY jJ>I

L

I

Q(ýA(

EDO, SECOND

1Too0

WI001.

LEGEND M1ARCNOEA

O M

-

SL

E -NTAPG

%sYSIT

1.ELE PITAT E J

I

ENE(-,DK TUPE

TItATE

ToECCts

CoN TRat

00o.'

Figure

3.

STO

Control

Area

Layout

1

April

1963

ik

m-iik6/c0oo/oo

4.

Telemetry

Processing

Modujle

(STEPP)...STEPP

accepts

telemetry

data

frcn

the

tracking

station,

performs

the

necessary

con-

versions

to

engineering

units,

perpares

one

set

of

selected

data

for

printout

on

the

Data

Analysis

printer

and

a

different

set

for

printout

on

the

Data

Presentation

printer,

and

prepares,

for

printout,

any

alarms

or

status

messages

generaLed

by

the

TIM

computer

at

che

tracking

station.

5.

Tracking

Module

(STRAK).--STRAK

has

three

functions:

a.

During

a

pass,

it

accepts

track

data

from

a

tracking

station

at

the

rate

of

one

message

per

second,

formats

'the

data

for

printout,

and

sets

flags

so

the

data

will

be

printed

out

on

the

Data

Presentation

and

Data

Analysis

printers.

b.

On

request

from

the

1.604

computer,

it

searches

the

re-

cording

tape

for

the

requested

tracking data,

reads

it

into

core,

and

uses

the

crnunications

subroutine

SIBBTC

to

trans-

fer

it

to

the

1604.

This

operation

is

accomplished

in

the

post-pass

mode.

c.

STRAK

will

print

out

alarm

and

status

messages

which

are

con-

cerned

with

tracking

and

are

received

from

the

remote

site's

T&C

computer.

These

will

consist

of

text

messages

and

will

be

transferred

to

the

Data

Analysis

and

Data

Presentation

printers

as

specified.

6.

Communication

Module

(SIBBTC)-.

SIBIITC

enables

the

Bird

Buffer

to

comr-unicate

with

th

1±60h

computer

on

a

core-to-core

basis,

using

the

direct transfer

mode

of

the

1615

tape

units.

Five

types

of

transfers

are

ef

coted

by

SIBBTC:

a. It

receives

prepass

messages

containing

antenna

pointing,

commands,

scheduling,

and

text

information. All

messages

are

checksumamed

and

the

comnand

messages

are

retransmitted

to

the

1604

computer

for

bit-by-bit

verification.

b.

It

receives

commands

from

the

1604

computers

for

real-time

transmission

to

the

vehicle

via

the

T&C

computer.

Each

message

is

retransmitted

to

the

1604

computer

for

bit-by-bit

verification.

c.

It

transfers

vehicle-time

and

tracking

data

to

the

1604

computer.

These

data

arc

verified

for

correctness

by

the

i6o4,

with

a

response

back

to

the

Birt

Buffer.

d.

A

"last

Operation

Complete"

control

message

is

sent

by

SIBBTC

after

the

last

block

of

tracking

data

has

been

sent.

'lint

function

is

called

for

by

the

user

program

and

is

not

a

decision

of

SIBBTCo

1

April

1963

15

Mrs-11.46/000/00

e.

SCHOPS

data

are

sent

by

the

1604

to

the

Bird Buffer

and

SIBBTC

responds

as

to

the

correctness of

the

data.

7.

Input

Processing

Module

(SPROC)--SPROC

interprets

control

card

inputs

and

causes

the appropriate

actions

to

be

taken

by

the

Bird

Buffer

modules.

The

card-input

requests

and

the

SPROC

response

to

each

request

are

as

follows:

a.

Initialize--The

Bird

Buffer

will

identify

with

the

vehicle

number

contained

on

the

card;

tapes

will

be rewound,

system

flags set

to

zero,

and

system

buffers

initialized.

b.

Transfer

TRK--SPROC

reads

the

requested

tracking

data

from

the

163

tape,

interrupts

the

1604,

and

transfers

the

data

core

to

core.

c.

Transfer

Prepass--SPROC

interrupts

the

1604

and

requests

the

prepass

data.

Each

message

is

checksummed

and

stored

on

the

163

tape.

d.

Command

History--SPROC

searches

the

163

for

the

specified

pass

and

prints

out,

on

the

designated

printers,

all

commands

given

and

operational

report

messages

received

during

this

pass.

e.

Merge

Tape--SPROC

finds

the

telemetry

mode

tables

on

tape,

as

specified

on

this

card,

and

merges

them

onto

the

first

part

of

the

prepass

tape.

f.

Contact

Site--A

"Hello,

STC

to

Site"

message

is

flagged

to

send

to

the

tracking

station.

g.

Send Prepass--SPROC

reads

the

prepass

data

into

core

and

flags

it

for

transmission

to

the

tracking

station.

h.

Transfer

Card

Prepass--SPROC

reads

prepass

data

from

the

cards

and

writes

it

on

a

163

tape

in

the

proper

format

for

transmission

to the

tracking

station.

i.

Transfer

SCHOPS--An

interrupt

and

request

for

a

tracking

station's

scheduling

data

is

sent

to

the

1604

computer.

Transfer

is

core

to

core

and

recording

on

the

163

tape

is

in

the

same

format

in

which

it is

received.

1

April

1963

16

24-fL46/000/00

J.

Restart--This

card,

followed

by

an

initialize

card,

causes

the

Bird

Buffer

to

be

re-initialized.

k.

Change

TRK

Rate--The

new

rate

data

on

the

card

are

assembled,

a

check

sum

is

calculated,

and

a

flag

is

set

for

transmission

to

the

TOC

computer.

1.

Request

Commands--SPROC

interrupts

and

request

commands

from

the

1604.

Commands

sent

are

verified

by

retransmission,

then

flagged

to

be

sent

immediately

to

the

tracking

station.

No

format

change

is

made

and

the

Bird

Buffer

does

not

accept

a

second

64-word

command

message

until

the

first

message

has

been

sent

to

the

tracking

station

and

verified.

m.

Send

Comiand-.SPROC

assembles

the

command

message

from

the

card input,

calculates

a

checksum,

and

flags

the

message

for

transmission

to

the

tracking

station.

n.

Send

Text--SPROC

assembles

the

text

message

from

the

card

input,

computes

a

checksum,

and

flags

it

for

transmission

to

the

tracking

station.

It

also

flags

the

message

for

printout

on

any

of

the

166

printers

designated.

o.

Select

or

Modify

TLM

Mode--SPROC

assembles

the

now

parameters,

computes

a

checksum,

anm

sets

a

flag for

trans-

mission

of

the

message

to

;he

tracking

station.

If

a

new

mode

is

requested,

SPROC

inputs

the

new

mode

tables

from

the

prepass

tape.

p.

Suppress

TRK

Printout--Periodic

printout

of

vehicle

time

and

tracking

data

is

halted

until

a

"Re-initiate

TRK

Printout"

card

is

inserted.

The

data

flow

to the

163

tape

is

not

interrupted.

q.

Re-initiate

TRK

Printout--This

card

restarts

the

printout

of

tracking

data

on

the

166

printers.

r.

END--This

notifies

SPROC

of

the

end

of

an

input

which

is

contained

on

more

than

one

card.

All

cards

following

the

end

card

are

disregarded

until

another

control

card

is

encountered.

0

1

April

1963

17

TM-iI46/ooo/Oo

A

Bird

Buffer

subsystem

consists

of

the

following

equipment

(see

Figure

2).

1.

One

CDC

160A

computer.

2.

One

CDC

169-1

auxiliary

memory,

which

gives

a

total

high-speed

core-memory

capability

of

16,384

twelve-bit

words.

3.

One

160A-P

phantom

resume, which

gives

a

response

to

the

160A

when

an

equipment

selected

by

it is

not

available

0 It is

mounted

on

the

CDC-161

typewriter.

4.

One

160

A-D

amplifier

unit.

This

is a

set

of

line

amplifiers,

which

enable

the

160A

computer

to

drive

equipment

located

up

to

500

feet

away.

5.

One

CDC

161

input/output typewriter

on

the

CDC

169

buffer

channel.

6.

One

350

paper-tape reader

on

the

1.60K

normal

channel.

7.

One

BEPE-11

paper-tape

punch

on

the

160A

normal

channel.

8.

One

CDC

163-4

magnetic-tape

unit

on

the

160A

buffer

channel.

9.

One

CDC

167-2

card

reader

on

the

CDC

169

buffer

channel.

10.

One

CDC

166-2

printer

on

the

160A

normal

channel.

11.

One

CCC

on

the

160A

normal

channel.

It

will

have

two

input

spigots

to

the

Bird

Buffer--one

from

the

TLM

computer

and

the

other

from

the

T&C

computer.

The

Bird

Buffer

system

interfaces

with

the

CDC-1604

off-line

computers

through

CDC-1615

magnetic

tape

units

operating

in

the

satellite

mode.

All

transfers

between

these

two

computers

are

on

a

core-to--core

basis.

The

CSCCU

connects

the

Bird

Buffer

to

a

1604

computer

in

accordance

with

the

SCHOPS

schedule

or

through

manual

intervention

by

the

MDCC

operator. Thirteen

remote

166-2

printers

are

shared

by

all

Bird

Buffers;

un

to

three

of

them

can

be

connected

to

the

160A

buffer

channel

at

one

time.

The

printers

are

connected

to

the

Bird

Buffer

by

the

CSCCU.

1

April

1963

18

r&-1146/O0o/oo

2.1.2

CDC

1604

Computer

Subsystems.

These

subsystems

consist

of

four

computers and

their

peripheral

equipment.

The

four

computers

operate

independently

of

each

other.

In

contrast

to

the

Bird

Buffers,

'which

are

vehicle

oriented,

the

1604's

do

not

usually

support

vehicles

in

real

time;

they

are

normally

operated

off

line

and

on

demand.

(However,

there

are

cases

in

which

real-time

support

of

a

vehicle

may

be

necessary

because

of

urgent

time

con-

siderations.

Some

of

these

cases

are:

(1)

initial

orbit

determination,

(2)

re-entry

impact-point determination

immediately

after

receipt

of

re-entry

tracking

data,

sad

(3)

generation

of

emergency

alternate

command

messages.)

The

1604's

are

time

shared

by

all

satellite-program

users,

with

the

actual

schedule

of

usage

being

prepared

by

SCHOPS

and

Multi-ops

personnel.

Four

main

functions

are

performed

by

the 1604's:

1.

Orbit determination

and

prediction.

2.

Ascent and

re-entry

calculations.

3.

Preparation

of

vehicle

command

messages.

4.

Production

of

SCHOPS

schedules.

A

brief

description

of

these

functions

is

given

below,

with

the

exception

of

the

SCHOPS

function,

which

is

described

in

Section

6.0.*

Orbit

determination

and

prediction

involves

the

collecting

of

tracking

data

from

the

launch

site

and

tracking

stations,

and

the

use

of

these

data

to

generate

ephemerides

for

the

active

satellites

in

the

system.

The

scheduling

of

the

SCF

equipment

and

human

resources

depends

on

these

derived

data.

The

specific

operations

performed

by

the

Orbit

Determination

and

Prediction

programs

are:

1.

Receive

rav

tracking

data

from

the

launch

site

and

tracking

stations

via

the

Bird

Buffer

Subsystem.

2.

Screen

and

process

the

raw

tracking

data

to

obtain

updated

orbital

elements.

3.

Print

out

the

raw

tracking

data

for

visual

analysis.

4.

Use

nominal

or

actual

orbital

elements

to

calculate

vehicle

acquisition

rise

and

set

times

for

SOY

and

SPADATS

tracking

stations.

5.

Use

nominal

or

actual

orbital

elements

to

generate

vehicle

ephemerides

over

designated

time

periods.

*For

more

detailed

descriptions

of

the

functions,

see

References

6

and

10.

I

April

1963

9

-146/000/00

6.

Provide

for

data

fitting

and

tracking

data

prediction

over

an

orbit

adjust

0

7.

Maintain

the

capability

to

select

and

combine

orbital

vectors

to

obtain

updated

orbital

elements.

8.

Generate

data

for

driving

antennas

at tracking

stations.

The

Ascent

and

Re-enlry

programs

support

the

critical

phases

of

a

satellite's

operational

life

by

performing

the

following

operations:

1.

Process

nominal

vehicle

ascent

parameters

to

provide

tracking

station

antenna

pointing

data

for

vehicle

ascent.

2.

Produce

a

nominal

ascent

ephemeris.

3.

Process

data

from

weather

balloons

to

determine

wind

shear

ana

its

effect

upon

booster

performance.

4.

Reduce

ascent

tracking

data

received

from

tracking

stations

and

determine

orbital-injection

parameters.

5.

Provide

the

capability

to

establish

a

nominal

orbit

with

nominal

injection

conditions

0

6.

Predict the

time

to

start

the

re-entry

thrust

stage,

based

upon

desired

impact

location

7.

Determine

nominal

re-entry

impact

location,

based

upon

the

time

of

thrust

start.

8.

Receive,

screenjand process

raw

re-entry

tracking

data

to

determine

the

impact

point

location.

9.

Provide

a

re-entry

ephemeris

and

antenna

pointing

data

for

driving

antennas

and

for

use

by

operations

personnel.

The

vehicle

command

messages

that

are

transmitted

to

the vehicle

by

the

tracking

station

are

assembled

and

formatted

by

the

Vehicle

Command

programs.

(Initiation,

transmissionond

verification

of

commands

are

discussed

in

Section

5.0).

Operations

performed

by

the

Vehicle

Command

programs

are:

1.

Generate

Real

Time

Commands

(RTC)

and

Stored

Program

Commands

(spc).

1

April

1963

20

2&-146/000/O0

2.

Determine

required

Auxiliary

Real

Time

Commands

(ATC)

to

control

the

Fairchild

Timer

operation.

3.

Update

command

tablesbased

upon

commands

being

transmitted

to

and

verified

by

the

vehicle

0

4.

Establish

the

relationship

between

vehicle

and

system

time.

The

1604

computers

interface

with

the

vehicle-oriented

Bird

Buffers

through

the

intermediary

of

the

1615

tape

unit

operating

in

the

satellite

mode.

The

working

time assignments

for

the

1604

are

determined

by

the

SCHOPS

schedule

under

the

direction

of

Multi-ops

personnel

0

Actual

connection

to

a

Bird

Buffer

is

through

the

CSCCU,

under

the

control

of

the

Switch

Control

Computer.

A

1604

sabsystem,

with

its

peripherial

equipment,

consists

of:

1.

One

CDC

1604

Computer.

2.

Four

CDC

1615

Tape

Units.

3-

One

CDC

1612

On-Line

Printer.

4.

One

IBM

088,

8

0o-column

Card

Reader.

5

One

IBM

523,

8-=column

Card

Punch.

0

6.

One

CDC

ERPE-11

Paper

Tape

Punch.

7T

One

CDC

350

Paper

Tape

Reader.

2.1.3

Communication

Data

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit

(CDSCCU)

and

Computer

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit

(.SCOUJo

The

capability

that

the

Angmented

SCF

has

to

handle

multiple-satellite

operations

is in

large

part

dependent

upon

being

able

to

rapidly

connect

and

disconnect

the

equipment

arrays

at

the

STA

that

are necessary

to

support

the

varied

high load

situation

encountered

in

a

dense

satellite

environment.

The

designs

of

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU

are

such

that

great

flexiblity

is

allowed

in

setting

up

and

reconfiguring

the

equipment

complexes

demanded

by

the

rapidly

changing

conditions.

The

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU

are

switching

devices used

to

interconnect

the

communications

and

data-processing

facilities

at

the

STCo

The

CDSCCU

connects

the Bird

Buffers

with

the

terminal

equipment

of

the

1200-bps

communication

lines

which

connect

with

the

tracking

stations.

The

CSCCU

connects

the

Bird

Buffers

to

the

1604

computers

through

the

CDC

1615

magnetic

tape

units

operating

in

the

satellite

mode,

and

to

the

CDC=166

printers

(See

Figure

2). These

switching

units

are

under

the control

of

the

160A

Switch

Control

Computer

(SCC)

and

the

Master

Data

Control

Console

(MDCC).

1

April.

196

21

TM-

1146/ooo/0o

'Thne

CDSCCU,

by

swit...n

a

Bird

Buffer

from

one

track

t

ng-

atin

line

to

another,

enables

the

Bird

Buffer

to

process

all

the

data

from

a

given

sat-

ellite

as

contact

with

it

passes

among

the

various

tracking

stations

in

the

SCF

network.

The

actual

interfaces

of

the

CDSCCU

are

with

the

Computer

Communication

Converter

(CCC)

on

the

Bird

Buffer

side,

and

with

the

KG-13

cryptographic

equipment

on

the

line

side.

The

initial

capacity

of

the switch

is '_

KG-13's

and

8

CCC's.

Each

cross

point

is

a

relay

with

20

break-before-

make

contacts.

Four

of

these

contacts

are

used

for

duplex

serial

input/output

data,

eleven are

for

control

between

the

CCC

and

Autoresync,and

five

are

spares.

The

CSCCU,

by

switching

a

Bird

Buffer

from

among

the

available

1604's,

makes

possible

the

best

use

of

the available

computer

capacity.

The

CSCCU

differs

from

the

CDSCCU

in

that

multiple

connections

may

be

made on

the

1604

side

of

the

switch

so

that

more

than

one

166

printer

may

be

connected

to

a

Bird

Buffer.

Also,

on

the

CSCCU,

there

is

a

Security

mode,

which

can

be

used

to

restrict

certain

printers

from

being

connected

to

certain

Bird

Buffers

by

the

control

computer

or

by

override

from

the

MDCC.

The

initial

capability

of

the

CSCCU

is

eight

Bird

Buffers

on

one

side

by twenty

connections

on

the

other

(four

1615's,

thirteen

166-2's

and

three spares).

It

has

a

growth

potential

to

thirty-two

Bird

Buffers

by

sixty-four

1615's

and

166's.

Each

cross-point

connection

has

forty

break-before-make

contactr,

thirty-six

of

which

are

wired.

Of

the

thirty-six

wired

contacts,

twenty-four are

used

for

duplex

parallel

input/output

data

and

twelve

are

for

control

between

the

tape

storage

units

.nd

the Bird

Buffer.

2.1.h

CDC

160A

Switch

Control

Computer.

The

principal

functions

of

the

Switch

Control

Computer

(SCC)

are

to

control

the

operations

of

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU

in

response

to

the

SCHOPS-generated

master

schedule

tape

and

to

monitor

the

switch

actions

controlled

from

the

Mas:ter

Data

Control

Console

(MDCC).

The

SCC

maintains

status

information

on

all

of

the

zross

point

connections

of'

the

two

cross-connect

units.

At

regular

intervals

(one

hour),

and

on

request

from

the

MDCC,

this

status

is

printed

out

on

the

166

printer

located

at

the

MDCC.

There

are

five

modes

of

operation

of

the

SCC:

(1)

Normal,

(2)

Card

Override,

(3)

Cards-only,

(4)

Status,

and

(5)

Interrupt.

The

Normal

mode

operation

processes

a

SCHOPS

tape

input

to

provide

output

commands

that

control

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU.

In

the

Card

Override

mode,

card

inputs

can

modify

the

SCHOPS

schedule.

The

Cards-Onlý

mode

puts

all

switch

operations

under

control

of

the

input

cards.

The

Status

mode

allows

checking

of

the

actual

switch

status

with

the

SCHOPS

schedule;

discrepancies

are

noted

and

explained

on

the

printout.

The

Interrupt

mode

allows

interruption

of

the

SCC

by

its

peripheral

equipment

(Figure

2).

As

most

routines

cannot

be

interrupted,

interrupts

are

held

active

so

that

they

can

be

processed

after

the

routine

being

processed

is

completed.

The

SCC

is

supplied

with

system

time

by

the

Computer

Timing

Buffer

Equipment

(CTBE).

Time

is

stored

in

memory,

where

it is

periodically

compared

with

the

switch

times

listed

on

the

SCHOPS-generated

master

schedule.

When

the

schedule time

for

a

cross-point-connection

change

is

reached,

the

SCC

outputs

a

command

to

the

switching

unit

concerned.

The

status

table

is

then

updated

1

Apri-

1963

22

T4-

i146/000/00

for

each

valid

command.

If

the

command

was

not

successful

in

changing

the

cross-point

connection,

the

response

word from

the

switch

unit

is

analyzed

and

an

alarm

is

printed

on

the

MDCC

166

printer.

Invalid

commands,

such

as

commands

for

units

in

a

Maintenance

mode

or

commands

which

set

a

cross-point

connection

to

its

existing

position,

are not

sent

to

the

switching

units.

The

equipment

associated

with

the

160A

Switch

Control

Computer

is

as

follows

(see

Figure

2):

1.

Computer

Timing

Buffer

Equipment

(CTBE).

2.

CDC

167

Card

Reader0

3.

CDC

350

Paper

Tape

Reader.

4.

CDC

BRPE

-

11

Paper

Tape

Punch.

5.

CDC

161

Electric

Typewriter.

6.

CDC

163-4 Magnetic

Tape

Handler.

7.

CDC

166

Printer

0

8.

CDSC~g.

9o

CSCCUo

2.165

Master

Data

Control

Console.

The

Master

Data

Control

Console

(MDCC)

is

the

central

monitor

of

the

data-processing

system

at

the

STC.

It

also

functions

as

a

backup

to

the

160A

Switch

Control

Computer

(SCC)

in

controlling

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU.

In

this

capacity,

it

has

three

operating

modes:

(1)

Dual

Control,

(2)

Manual

Lockout,

and

(3)

Manual

Control.

When

operating

in

the

Dual

Control

mode,

the

IDCCC

can

command

the

connect

or

disconnect

of

any

cross-point

connection

in

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU.

In

this

mode,

the

SCC

has

the

same

capability

to

control

the

switches

as

the

MDCC.

Thus,

the

CDSCCU

and

the

CSCCU

respond

to

commands

from

either

of

these

sources

and

either

source

can

change

any

cross-point

connection

at

any

time.

In

the

Manual

Lockout

mode,

the

MDCC

has

the

same

control

of

the

switches

as

in

the

previous

mode

but

can

exclude

the control

of

the

SCC

over

any

selected

cross-point

connection.

By

means

of

a

lockout

command,

manually

executed

in

conjunction

with

any

connect

or

disconnect.

the

MDCC

can

prevent

the

SCC

from

changing

that

connection.

This lockout

condition

is

removed

when

a

subsequent

manual

selection,

without

a

lockout

command,

is

made

for

that

cross-point

connection.

I

April

1963

23

T1-

1146/000/00

In

the

Manual

Control

mode,

the

SCC

is

prevented

from

making

cross-point

connects

or

disconnects.

All

switch

changes

are

made

manually

from

the

MDCC.

Changing

from one

mode

of

operation

to

the

other

does

not

in

itself

change

any

existing

cross-point

connections.

The

MDCC

will

have

displays

which

indicate

the

status

of

all

cross-point

connections

in

the

CDSCCU

and

CSCCU,

including

the

"lockout"

condition

of

the

Manual

Lockout

mode.

Timing

displays

available

at

the

MDCC

are:

(i)

universal

time

in

one-second

intervals

up

to

23

hours,

59

minutes,

and

59

seconds;

and

(2)

system

time

in

seconds

up

to

86,399

seconds.

A

communications

panel

is

available

on

the

MDCC

to

allow

the operator

access

to

the

intra-station

and

inter-station

voice-communication

networks.

The

MDCC

is

provided

with

a

CDC-161

input/output

typewriter

for

communication

with

the

SCC.

All

cross-point

connections

made

by

the

MDCC

are

monitored

by

the

SCC

and

a

record

of

these

actions

is

output

on

the

MDCC

166

printer.

2.1.6

CDC

1604

Computer.

The

CDC

1604

is

an

all-transistorized,

stored-

program,

general-purpose

digital

computer.

It

has

a

storage

capacity

of

32,768

forty-eight-bit

words.

Following

axe

some

3f

the

1604

features:

1.

rean&_el

mode

of

operation.

2.

Single-address

logic,

two

instructions

per

48-bit

word:

--

operation

code

-----------

6

bits

--

designator

---------------

3

bits

--

base

execution

address--15

bits

3.

Six

index

registers.

4.

Storage

in

two

independent

16,384

word

banks,

alternately

phased.

--

4.8

microseconds

effective

cycle

time

(overlapping

cycles)

--

6.4

microseconds

total

cycle

time

5.

Input/output

facilities:

--

Three

48-bit

buffer

input

channels

--

Three

48-bit

buffer

output

registers

--

One

high-speed,

48-bit,

input-transfer

channel

(4.8

micro

seconds,

48-bit

parallel

word)

6.

Program

interrupt.

1

April

1963

24

TM-'146/ooo/oo

In

the

i6o0,

input/output

operations

are

carried

out

independently

of

the

main

computer

program

0

When

transmission

of

data

is

required,

the

main

computer

program

is

used only

to

initiate

an

automatic cycle,

which

buffers

data

to

and

from

the

computer

memory

0

The

main

computer

program

then

continues

while

the

actual buffering

of

data

is

carried

out

independently

and

automatically.

The

input/output

section

of

the

1604

contains

facilities

for

several-

modes

of

communication.

For

normal

exchange

of

data

with

peripheral

equipment,

independent

control

is

provided

for

the

transfer

of

data

via three

48-bit

buffer

input

channels

and

three

48-bit

buffer

output

channels.

These

channels

operate

asynchronously

with

the

main

computer

program

0

For

high-speed

communication,

one

48-bit

input-transfer

channel

and

one

48-bit

output-transfer

channel

are

provided

so

that

two

or

more

1604's

can

communicate

with

each

other.

Communication

control

is

performed

by

the

external

function

instruction.

In

addition,

the

interrupt

feature

provides

requests

from

peripheral

equipment

to

the

computer.

See

Section

2.1.8

for

a

description

of

the

1604

Satellite

mode

of

operation

with

a

CDC

160A

computer.

2.1o7

CDC

160A

Computer.

The

CDC

160A

computer

is a

flexible,

multi-

purpose,

stored-program

data

processor

and

converter.

It

employs

high

speed

(:2

megacycle

clock frequency)

transistor

amplifier

circuits,

diode

logic,

and

a

magnetic-core

matrix

memory.

Word

construction

is

12

binary

digits,

parallel

throughout,

programmable

to

multi-precision

and

to

alpha-numeric

end

binary-

coded

decimal.

The

basic

memory

of

the

160A

computer

consists

of

two

units

(banks)

of

magnetic-

core

storage,

each

with

a

capacity of

4096

tvelve-bit

binary

words

and

a

storage

cycle

time

of

6.4

microseconds.

The

internal

program

will

automatically

switch

from

one

storage

bank

to

another,

depending

on

the

addressing

mode.

The

switch

can

also

be

accomplished

by

instructions

which

specifically

assign

and/or

select

the

reference

for

a

particular

bank.

This

basic

memory

may

be

expanded

in

modules

of

8,192

words,

up

to

a

maximum

of

32,768

words.

Instructions

are

executed

in

one

to

four

storage

cycles;

the

time

varies

between

6.4

and

25.6

microseconds.

The

average

program

time

for

executing

the

repertoire

of

130

basic

instructions

is

approximately

15

microseconds

per

instruction.

A

general-purpose

input-channel

and

output-channel

system

is

provided

for

attaching

a

variety

of

input/output

devices.

Input

and

output

transmissions

are

either

a

single

6-bit,

7-bit,

or

8-bit

character,

or

a

12-bit

word.

Standard

input/output

is

by

punched-paper-tape,

high-speed,

read-and-punch

units.

Optionally,

other

input/output

devices,

such

as

on-line

typewriter,

magnetic-tape

handlers,

ounched-card

units,

digital

communication

units,

analog-

to-digital

converters,

or

other

similar

equipment

may

be

added.

A

buffer

input/output

channel

permits

the

computer

to

continue

high-speed

computation

while

communicating

with

external

equipment.

Any

peripheral

unit

connected

to

the

buffer

channel

may

also

be

addressed,

using

the

normal

input/

outpat

channel.

1

April

1963

25

TM-li146/000/C0

Four

interrupt

lines,

including

a

manual

interrupt,

allow

effective

use

of

computer

time

0

Operation

of

the

160A

computer

is

sequenced

by

an

internally

stored

program.

This

program,

as

well

as

the

data

being

processed,

is

contained

in

the

high-

speed,

random-access

storage.

An

instruction

is a

12-bit

word

comprising

a

6-bit

function

code

and

a

6-bit

code

extension

and/or

execution address.

Program

modifications

are

accomplished

and

operands

are

manipulated

by

direct,

relative,

or

indirect

addressing.

The

160A

is

constructed

in

a

standard-size

office

desk.

2.1.8

CDC

1615

Magnetic

Tape

Unit.

The

CDC

1615

is

an

optional

input/

output

and

auxiliary-memory

storage

device

for

the

CDC

1604

computer

0 It is

comprised

of

four

CDC-606

digital

tape

handlers

and

a

synchronizer

control

unit,

all

housed

in a

single

cabinet.

Each

tape

unit

handles

and

processes

plastic-

base

tape

on

which

data

are

stored

as

magnetized

spots.

The

synchronizer

buffers

and

controls

the

flow

of data

between

the

computer

and

the

individual

tape

units.

Transfer

of

data

from

computer

memory

to

magnetic

tapes,

and

vice

versa,

and exchange

of

control

information

is

accomplished

through

coded,

programmed,

external-function

instructions.

Tape

speed

during

reading

and

writing

operations

is

150

inches

per

second;

the

maximum

character

transfer rate

is

83,400

characters

per

second.

A

seven-track,

non-return-to-zero

recording

scheme

is

used.

Six

tracks

are

assigned

to

the

data

(termed

a

character)

and

one

track

contains

a

parity

check

bit

for

the

character.

A

character

and

its

parity

bit

comprise

a

line

of

tape

data.

Data

are

recorded

in

two

formats:

binary

and

binary-coded

decimal

(coded).

The

parity

bit

is

chosen

to

make

the

total

number

of

"I"

bits

in

a

line

odd

in

binary

format

and

even

in

coded

format.

Data

are

recorded

on

the

tape

at

a

selectable

density

of

556

or

200

lines

per

inch

in

records

of

varying

length.

In

the

Satellite

mode

of

operation,

a

1604

computer

communicates

with

a

160A

computer

through

the

1615.

Both

computers

have

access

to

the

tape

units

and

simultaneous

read

and

write

operations

may

take

place.

The

160A

communicates

on

a

12-bit,

two-way

channel

and

the

1604

communicates

on

two

48-bit

channels.

The

160A

may

write

while

the

1604

reads,

or

vice

versa,

but

the read

or

write

control

can

be

used

by

only

one

computer

at

a

time.

An

additional

feature

is

a

6-bit

path

from

the

write-channel

control

to

the

read=channel

control,

which

bypasses

the

tape

completely

and

allows

direct

transfer

of

data

between

computers.

The

rate

of

data

transfer

in

this

mode

is

dependent

only

on

the

transfer

rates

of

the

computers.

For

the

1604,

the

word-transfer

rate

(8

characters)

is

5,000

wps

min

and

50,000

wps maximum.

The

160A

word-transfer

rate

(2

characters)

is

80,000

wps.

1

April

1963

26

r4-

n46/ooo/oo

2.1.9

CDC

166

Line

Printer.

The

CDC

166

Line

Printer

is

a

P88-line-

per-minute

buffered

printer,

with

120

character

positions

per

line.

It

can

be

connected

and

controlled

on

line

from

the

CDC

160A.

That

is,

data

can

be

processed

and

formatted

in

the

computer

and

then

sent

to

the

166

for

printing.

The

166

can

also

be

used

in

an

off-line tape-to-printer

mode.

2.1.10

CDC

]612 Line

Printer.

The

CDC

162

Line

Printer

is a

data-output

device

designed

to

work

in

direct

communication

with

the

CDC

160A

or

160A

computers.

Its

characteristics

are:

1.

Printing

Rate--l000

lpm.

2°

Maximum

Paper

Speed--9000

1pm.

3.

Line

Length-.120

columns.

4.

Line

Spacing--6

lines

per

inch.

5.

Character

Spacing--lO

per

inch

(on

line).

6.

Number

of

Characters--64

including

blanks.

2.1.11

CD)C

163

Magnetic

Tape

Unit,

The

CDC

163

Magnetic

Tape

Unit

is a

high-speed

input/output

device

consisting

of

control

logic

and

several

magnetic-

V

tape

handlers.

The

unit

has

a

maximum

transfer

rate

of

15,000

tvelve-bit

words

per

second,

and

its

data

format

can

be

either-

binary

or

BCD.

2.l.12

CDC

169

Auxii

Memory

Unit.

The

CDC

169

Auxiliary

Memory

Unit

connects

on

line

to

one

or

two

160A

computers.

The

unit

increaseb

the

storage

capacity of

the

160A

in

modules

of

8192 words,

up

to

a

maximum

additional

capacity

of

24,576

words, and

provides the

computers

with

an

additional

input/

output

buffer.

This

buffer,

once

addressed,

operates

independently

of

the

.-

omjumas.

(The

number

following

the

dash,

as

in

GDC

169-1,

indicates

the

number

of

?192-word

modules

that

are

in

the

auxiliary

memory;

thus,

a

CDC

169-1

gives

a

CDC

160A

computer

a

total

memory

capacity

of

16,384

words.)

The

auxiliary

memory

unit

makes

up

to

five

peripheral

equipments

and

six

external

memory

banks

available

to

either

computer.

Since

external buffer

and

memory

circuits

function

independently,

one

computer

can

initiate

an

external

buffer

operation

while

the

other

uses

an

external

memory

module.

As

long

as

the

computers

select

separate

modules,

concurrent

external

memory

references

are

possible.

The

unit

resolves

multiple

requests

for

a

single

module

on

a

word-

by-word,

equal-share

basis.

The

169

cabinet

holds

one,

two,

or

three

external

memory

modules.

Each

module

has

two

4096

twelve-bit

word

banks,

identical

to

those

of

the

160A

internal

memory.

A

basic

twelve-bit

storage

address

designates

a

word

location

in

an

internal

or

external

bank.

Storage

cycle

time

is

6.4

microseconds.

0

I

April

1963

2f

TM-

L:f6/000/O0

The

computer

storage

bank

controls

specify

four

functional

banks:

1.

Relative

(for

instructions)

0

2.

Direct

(for

constants).

3.

Indirect

(foz

operands).

4.

Buffer

(for

internal

buffered

I/O

data).

Programmed

or

manual

bank

selection

by

the

160A

determines

the

physical

bank

to

be

used

(banks

0

and

I in

the

160A,

banks

2

through

T

in

the

169).

A

bank

can

represent

more

than

one

functional

bank.

Several

banks

cannot

operate concurrently

as

one

functional

bank.

For

example,

to

have

banks

2

and

4

represent

the

relative

bank,

the

computer

must

make

two

bank

selections,

negating

the

first

before

selecting

the

second.

Independent

storage

cycles

eliminate

the

need

for

synchronization

between

external

memory

modules.

The

external

buffer

and

computers

share

access

to

each

external-memory

module.

Each

module

contains

a

scanner,

which

continually

monitors

module-access

requests

from

the

computers

or

external

buffer.

When

it

detects

such

a

request,

the

scanner

stops

and

the

module

storage

cycle

starts.

During

the

last

quarter

of

this

cycle,

the

scanning

resumes.

One

device

cannot

monopolize

a

module.

If

the

computers

and

the

external

buffer

try

to

make

concurrent

storage

references

in

a

module,

the

scanner

allows

first

one,

then

another,

and

finally

the

third

device

to

use

the

memory.

In

the

most

unfavorable

case,

the

waiting

period

between

storage

cycles

cannot

exceed

16

microseconds.

In

the

most

favorable

case

(one

device

continuously

interrogating

a

particular

module),

the

scanLner

cycles

back

during

the

fourth

quarter

of

the

cycle

so

that

there

is

no

delay

between

storage

references.

The

external

buffer

is

an

input/output

circuit

that transfers

information

between

the

external

memory

and

peripheral

equipment

at

rates

up

to

125

kc.

Operation

of

the

external

buffer

is

independent

of

the

computer,

once

the

buffer

mode

has

been

initiated.

During

this

time,

the

computer

can

select

another

equipment

or

perform

internal

computation.

The

160A

can

simultaneously

perform

input/output

operations

on

the

interna.•

buffer

channel,

external

buffer

channel

(via

the

169),

and

normal

input/output

channel.

2.1.13

CDC

161

Typewriter

Unit.

The

CDC

161

Typewriter

Unit

is

an

optional

input/output

device

for

the

160A

Computer

System.

The

unit

consists

of

an

IBM

electric

typewriter

modified

by

Soroban

Engineering,

Inc.

,

and

a

control

chassis.

The

typewriter,

which

operates

at

a

rate

of

approximately

lO-to-12

output

characters

per

second,

may

be

used

as

a

keyboard

input

device

or

as

an

output

device

for

producing

printed

copy.

1

April

1963

28

TM-1146/ooo/oo

Control

panel

switches

and

indicators

allow

the

operator

to

monitor

and

manually

control

the

opr-rations.

Information

passes

between

the

typewriter

unit

and

the

computer

via

two

cables,

which

connect

at

the

bottom

wiring

side

of

the

logic

chassis.

Wires

jumper

these

two

cable

connectors

to

allow

other

equipment

to

commnnicate

with

the

computer

on

the

same

communication

paths.

If

more

than

one

typewriter

is

included

in

the

system,

internal

biasing

changes

are

required.

The

typewriter

unit

provides

the

computer

with

a

flexible

input/output

monitoring

device.

Through

this

medium,

data

may

be

entered

manually

into

the

computer,

or,

in

the

output

mode,

monitoring

information

in a

printed

form

may

be

received

from

the

computer.

2.2

TRACKING

STATION

EQUIPMENT

The

six

Augmented

tracking

stations

in

the

SCF

(see

Figure

1)

will

have

major

equipment

additions

and

will

be

connected

to the

STC

with

duplex

1200-bit-per-

second

data

lines.

(IOS,

however,

will

have

100-wpm

telemetry

lines

for

an

indefinite

time.)

The

major subsystems

at

the

six

Augmented

stations

are:

1.

Two

Antenna

subsystems

(one

for

telemetry,

the other

for

tracking

and

commanding).

2.

One

Telemetry Data

Processor

(TDP),

one

FM/FM

Ground

Station,

and

peripheral

equipment.

3.

One

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC).

4.

One

Input/Output

Buffer

(IOB)

and

Command

Logic

Equipment

(CLE).

5.

One

Data

Processing

subsystem

(two

160A

computers

with

their

peripheral

equipment--one

for

telemetry,

the other

for

tracking

and

commanding).

In

addition

to

the

above

equipments,

three

of

the

Augmented

stations

(VTS,

NHS,

and

HTS)

have

duplicate

data-processing

subsystems

and

various

other

equipments.

These

additional

facilities

give

them

a

limited

capability

to

support

two

satellites

simultaneously.

Certain

combinations

of

satellite

systems

may

be

supported

simultaneously

and

others

may

not,

depending

upon

the

particular

requirements

for

ground

support

equipment

that

each

satellite

has

and

the

capabilities

of

the

various

stations

to

satisfy

these

requirements.

In

addition

to

the

standard

configurations

discussed

above,

some

of

the

Augmented

stations

will

have

satellite-specific

equipment,

such

as

400-mc

receiving/

commanding

equipment,

PCM

telemetry

equipment,

and

GP-l

Ground

Station

equipment.

Reference

11

lists

the

individual

station

equipment

configurations

in

greater

detail.

Figure

4

shows

the

configuration

of

a

typical

augmented

station

and

1

April

1963

29

TM-1146/000/00

(Page

30

blank)

RADAR

TRACKER ERG

NFL

RZEL-STRTAS

GPTER

KIM TRACKER FIRILTo

FROM

PRLESS

OTU

B-

.

ITEOVTE FRIM EL-

STRTO

-

TOG TI

E OSY RATf DIGITAL QUALIFY BIT TGBUFFER

RI-EL-I

TEDIGIINALT

RPRRIITIRI

STRTR .ONORO

COIBOR TOE

DIG.A C=O

PROGRAM TIGITALLRRRMOEER

CRECK

RTEM A BBOR SO F

BCEIIR

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..

ECNO

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1 1 FGTsANALOG (OMARRRS TAGILIT TO TIRE TIKE PISEGR STM

OCOOISITIOAST5.OD

ARO TRACRTOAETE GIIRKIOBS

C- IF

CO",M I,

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,05_IL E_

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SIgACTE

TOM.. S005011

TIMTITLNOG

BISRBT 0500

DIS

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CA

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A

ORE RE

DISC RBBON

ARTEB TM/FMTN

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III,.. TR ITO BR-EL ODS T GUU '.M B ISETATSBOA B STELA

DISBTRIBU0TOR

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REDD TIMIBG

Figure

4.

Typical

Augmented

TrackingS

-n6/000/00

MI F -ELSTATUS CC -uIc.

-

'0 IF ANIMALT

F-EL-Ru5STUFus

I FROMFMLEOL S"S TU~J

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(Mu..... T.D

CAC-IAL

T COFMLLC.TERm

s

-

CC

RTf AlMA

D.G11A,~F~l FMFF

1.

o-

.

OFAITAL MAIMAN

S.

O

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-

1C 0 C 50-[1"

S,1C

SCU

A

BS

C OAT

AMM

-t4'.

'Su.EF V

S F.5I

C'TO

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T- PT

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A (O.FMF 10Pý

C I TQ

L IAF

A F M C O MI

UFIL

TO SotAF

ME TFST SQFl A

CM~M

h£FC

COIFIUOLo

BITMI,

Tu/ FM.

FPuyA

lILI4 FCC-"

FME

...

C TO

SO

LA.

~

~

(MA.DKE

MAICFI

[ 1JCT

F.M

O.CFIIMC

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L.QIOMIM _ C'E CEM- FF1M

A

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IMFIF

MF MC

MFAAS EG

to

u MOLL iCA6-

e

4.

Typical

Augmented

Tracking

Station

Block

Diagram

I

Apr!Ii)

193

31ft1)246/000/oo

fi!gure

5

lists

the

antenna

systems

that.

wilt

exist

at

the

various

stations.

Tbe

tracking

station

equipment

can

be

grouped

into

three

ma.in

subsystem

c

at

egories;

3.

Antenna

subsystems.

2.

Telemetry,

Tracking

and

Command

subsystems.

3.

Data

Processing

subsystem.

J;,Lexib111ty

of

operation

is

assured

by

intoerconnecting

these

subsystems

through

patchboards.

The

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Command

subsystems

are

connected

to

the

Antenna

subsystems

by

the

Station

Patchboard

and

to

the

Data

Processing

subsystem

by

the

Cross

Connect

Panel.

These

tnterronnections

are

determined

at

the

STC

with

the

aid

of

the

SCHOPS

scheduling

program.

A

schedule

is

provided

to

the

station

operators,

which

assures

the

best

use

of

the

available

equipment

to

accomplish

the

multiple

satellite

control

mission.

The

three

main

equipment

subsystems

groupings

are

discussed

in

more

detail

in

Sections

2.2.1

through

2.2.3

below.

2.2.1

Antenna

Subsystems.

The

Antenna

subsystems

are

the

primary

data-

input

devices

of

the

SCF.

They

are

in

direct

contact

with

the

orbiting

vehicles.

The

standard

configuration

at

each

tracking

station

consists

of

two

Antenna

subsy_'ems,

one

foe

telemetry

and

the

other

for

tracking

and

commanding.

M.odifications

to

some

Antenna

subsystems

provide

additional

capabilities.

Scme extra

equipment,

including

antennas,

has

been

installed

at

certain

ztationE

for

use

by

a

specific

satellite

system. For

these

reasons,

the

antenna

configttrations

at

the

various

stations

are

not

identical.

Figure

5

lists

-the

major

Antenna

subsystems

that

will

be

used

at

the

different

stations.

Brief

descriptions

of

the

operating

characteristics

of

the

principal

Antenna

subsystems used

in

the

Augmented

SCF

are

given

in

Sections

2.2.2.1

through

2.2.1.6

below.

2.2.1..1

Verlort

Radar.

The

Verlort

is

an S-Band

radar

operating

in

the

2.7-to&2.9-kmc

frequency

band.

It

transmits

interrogation

pulses

to

a

trans-

ponder

in

the

orbiting

vehicle

and

tracks

the

return

signals.

Tracking

data

are

furnished

in

azimuth,

elevation,

and

range.

The

radar

has

a

10-foot-

diameter, 37-db-gain,

parabolic

reflector.

Verlort

has

an

effective

range

of

500C

miles.

The

feed

assembly

furnishes

a

30-cps

conical

scan,

which

produces

an

error

signal

to

drive

the

antenna

positioning

servos.

The

peak

S "-rir_

1963

32

M-

1146/000/00

power

output

is

325

KW,

the

"main

bang"

pil

se

width

is

0.8

microseconds,

and

the

prf

rates

are

410,

512

584,

and

610.

(More

detailed

system

specifications

are

listed

in

Reference

3.1

The

radar

transmits

a

3-pulse

code

(two

0.25

microseconds

pulses

precede

the

main

bang).

The

first

pulse

position

with

respect

to

the

main

bang

provides

a

code

address

to

identify

a

particular

vehicle

transponder

0

Command

data

are

transmitted

by

means

of

the

middle

pulse

(see

Section

5.0).

The

maximum

automatic

tracking

rates

are

10

degrees

per

second

in

azimuth

and

elevation,

and

10,000

yards

per

second

in

range.

The

angular

and

range

accuracies

are

0.3

degree

and

2500

feet

respectively.

2.2.1.2

Prelort

Radar.

The

Prelort

radar

is

an

S-band

radar

covering

the

seme

frequency

band

and

having

the

same

general

operating

characteristics

as

the

Verlort

radar.

It

represents

a

major

modification

to

the

Verlort

with

improved

resolution

and

accuracy.

It

has

a new

14-foot-diameter

parabolic

reflector

with

an

improved

feed

system,

a

new

precision

pedestal

with

improved

servo

drive

system

and

digital

encoders,

and

low-noise-figure

parametric

pre-amplifiers.

These

improvements

greatly

increase

the

tracking

accuracy

in

azimuth

and

elevation

over

that

of

the

Verlort.

The

range

accuracy

remains

the

same

as

for

the

Verlort.

2.2.1.3

Telemetry

and

Data

(T&)

Antenna.

The

T&D

Antenna

is a

passive

telemetry

receiving

system

originally

designed

to

operate

in

the

2.2-to-2.3-kmc

band.

All

T&D

Antennas

in

use

in

the

SCF

have

been

modified

to

also

receive

telemetry

signals

in

the

225-to-245o-mc

band.

Some

of

these

have

been

further

modified

to

receive

telemetry

signals

in

the

375-to-400

mc

band.

All

have

been

modified

to

have

auto-track

capability

in

either

the

2.2-to-2.3

kmc

band

or

the

375-to-4W0-mc

band.

The

antenna

has

a

60-foot

parabolic

reflector

giving

a

gain

of

from

28

db

to

49

db

and

a beam

width

of

between

3

degrees

and

0.5

degree,

depending

on

the

frequency

band

being

used.

In

addition

to

the

antenna

being

automatically

positioned

in

the

Auto-Track

mode,

it

can

also

be

manually

positioned

or

driven

from

the

slave

data

bus.

Preamplifiers

are

installed

at

the

antenna

for

all

frequency

bands.

Remote

receivers

for

the

2.2-to-2.3-kmc

band

of

frequencies

are

part

of

the

antenna

system.

These

receivers

have

a

maximum

sensitivity

of

about

-134

dbm.

The

amplified

RF

signals

from

the

other

two

frequency

bands

are fed

to

external

telemetry

receivers.

A

doppler

receiver

can

be

used

with

the

antenna

to

extract

dopper

velocity

information

from

the

received

signals

in

the

375-to-400-mc

band

in

those

antennas

where

the

mod-

ification

to

receive

this

frequency

band

exists.

2.2.1.4

TLM-18

Telemetry

Antenna.

The

ThM-18

Antenna

subsystem

passively

tracks

VHF

telemetry signals

in

the

215=to-2

6

0-mc

frequency

band.

Its

principal

function

is

to

receive telemetry

data

from

orbiting

vehicles

but

it

also

supplies

azimuth

and

elevation

angle

information

on

the

vehicle

it is

tracking.

The

antenna

has

a

60-foot-diameter,

28-db-gain,

parabolic

reflector.

The

feed

assembly

furnishes

a

l0-cps-conical-scan

modulation,

which

produces

an

error

I

April

1963

33

Tx-iJ.f

6/ooo/o00

x x

CA

-

-- r

IF0

A w t cm

14 c

I April

1963

34

TM-

1146/ooo/oo

signal

to

drive

the

antenna

positioning

servos.

Pre-amplifiers

at

the

antenna,

with

22-db

gain,

permit

location

of

the

VHF

receivers

at

some

distance from

the

antenna without

appreciable

deterioration

of signal

quality.

The

tracking

accuracy

varies

between

0.12

degree

at

a

1-degree-per-second

rate

and

0.75

degree

at

a

6

-degree-per-second

rate.

The

antenna

can

be

remotely

positioned

by

the

Slave

Data

Bus;

pointing

information

is

derived

from

another

antenna

or

from

acquisition

data

from

the

STC.

Tracking

accuracy

in

the

Slave

mode

of

operation

is

2

degrees.

2.2.1o5

Disc-On-Rod

(DOR)

Antenna.

The

DOR

Antenna

is a

VHF,

passive,

telemetry

receiving

system.

It

consists

of four

slow-wave,

disc-on-rod

structures,

with

a

ground

plane

mounted

on

a

synchro-driven,

gimballed

pedestal.

It

has

a

21-db

gain

over

the

design

frequency

range

of

225

to

260

mc.

It

has

a

beam

width

of

approximately

14

degrees.

It

uses

the

interferometer

method

of

angle

determination

and

has

an

angular

accuracy

of

0.5

degree

in

both

azimuth

and

elevation.

The

antenna

can

be

manually

positioned,

can

automatically

track

VHF

signals,

or

can

be

slaved

to

synchro

data

from

other

antenna

systems

or

aquisition

information

from

the

STC

via

the

slave

data

bus.

Signal

sensitivity

is in

the

range

of

-113

to

-120

dbm.

The

system

has

self-contained

amplifiers

to

develop

the

error signals

used

to

drive

the

azimuth

and

elevation

servos.

The

Telemetry

signal

is

passed

on

undetected

to

external

telemetry

receivers

in

the

FM/FM

Ground

Station.

2.2l.6

Tni-Helix

Antenna.

This

is

a

VHF

passive,

telemetry receiving

system.

It

consists

of

a

three-element

helical

array

on

a

hexagonal

ground

plane,

which

is

mounted

on

a

rotatable

base.

It

has

a

15-db

gain

over

the

design

frequency

range

of

235

to

265

me.

It

has

a

beam

width

of approximately

20

degrees

and

an

angular

accuracy

of

about

10

degrees-

It

can

be

manually

operated

to

assist

in

initial

acquisition

of

satellite

VHF

signals

by

supplying

rough

azimuth

and

elevation

information.

Its

broad

beam

width

does

not

require

highly

accurate

acquisition

data.

It

may

be

driven

by

the

slave

data

bus,

using

acquisition

data

originating

at

the

STC,

or

from

data

developed

by

more

accurate

antenna

systems,

such

as

Verlort

or

TLM-18.

The

pre-amplifiers

used

give

an

additional

gain of

20

db

and

multicouplers

allow

up

to

six

receivers

to

be

connected

to

the

same

pre-amplifier

channel.

1

April

1963

35

•4-l11i6/000/O0

2.2.2

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Command

Subsystems.

The

three

subsystems

described

below

have

two

important

functions.

On thh.

one

hand,

they

receive

data

from

the

satellite

in

the

form

of

outputs

from

the

Antenna

subsystems

and

process

it

into

a

format

that

is

usable

to

the

Data

Processing

subsystem.

On

the

o~ier

hand,

acquisition

data

and

commands

from

the

STA

via

the

Data

Processing

subsystem

must

be

acted

upon

and

put

into

a

form

suitable

for

transmission

tc

the

satellite

by

the

Antenna

subsystems.

Flexibility

in

the

use

of

the

station

equipment.

is

made

possible

by

the

use

of

two

manual

patching

terminals--the

Station

Patch

Board

and

the

Cross

Connect

Panel.

The

Station

Patch

Board

(SPB)

interconnects the

Telemetry

Tracking,

and

Command

subsystems

with

the

Antenna

subsystems.

In

addition

to

the

regular

control-circuit

patching

facilities,

the

SPB

has

coaxial

switches

for

connecting

radio-frequency

lines

from

+he

FM/FM

ground

stations

to

the

Antenna

subsystems.

The

Cross

Connect

Panel

(C'P)

interconnects

the

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Command

subsystems

to

the

Data

Processing

subsystem.

The

actual

interfaces

for

the

CCP

are

the

TDP

and

LOB

on

one

side,

inter-

connecting

with

the

T&C

and

TLM

data-processing

computers

on

the

other

side.

1+ is

by

means

of

these

two

patching

terminals

that

the configurations

of

the

dual

tracking

stations

are

determined.

The

configuration

is

usually

selected

by

the

STC

and

sent

to

the

tracking

stations

in

the

prepass

message.

Emer-

gency

reconfigurations

and

last

minute

changes

are

readily

accomplished

because

of

the

flexibility

inherent

in

the

patching

terminals.

2.2.2.1

FM/FM

Ground

Station.

The

FM/FM

Ground

Station

processes

and

records

VHF

telemetry

data

from

the

Telemetry

Antenna

Subsystem.

There

are

5

VHF

receivers,

including

one

spare,

which

accept

inputs

in

the

215-to-260-

me

band

or

at

a

5i-mc

predetection

IF

frE

Taneucy

from

an

extc_

iaal

VHF

receiver.

The

composite

video

output

of

the

Leceivers

(100

cps

to

125

kc)

is

recorded

on

magnetic

tape

for

permanent

record

of

all

FM/.7M

telemetry

data

received.

The

subsystem

has

one

18-channel

subcarrier

dtseriminator

(SCD)

group

for

converting

subcarrier

channels

into

corninuous

telemetry

analog

outputs.

In

addition

there

are

two

30-channel,

pulse-amplitude-modulated

(PAM)

de-

commutators

to

demultiplex

a

total

of

60

commutated

points

of

the

NRZ,

GERZ

or

IRIG

standard

types.

Up

to

a

total

of

64

selected

analog

outputs,

con-

tinuous

and decommutated,

are

sent

to

the

telemetry

data

processor

for

conversion

into

digital

form.

The

telemetry

data

flow

is

described

more

fully

in

Section

4.O

and

a

simplified

block

diagram

of

the

FM/FM

Ground

Station

is

shown

in

Figure

10.

Greater

detail

of

the

equipment

and

functions

are given

in

References

3

and

16.

The

major

functional

components

are

listed

below.

1.

Two

VHF

Multicouplers.

2.

Five

VYE

Telemetry

Receivers.

1

April

1963

36

TM-

1146/ooo/oo

3.

Two

Spectrum

Display

Units.

4.

One

3264

Pin

Master

Patch Panel.

5-

One

40-Position

RF

Patch

Panel.

6.

Two

Seven-Channel

Magnetic

Tape

Recorder/Reproducer

Systems.

7.

One

18-Channel

Subcarrier

Discriminator

System.

8.

Two

90-Channel

Decommutator

Systems

with

30

Selectable

Outputs.

9.

Two

36-Channel

Optical Oscillographic

Recorder

Systemz.

10.

One

Band

Switching

Discriminator.

11.

Three

8-Channel

Pen

(heated

stylus)

Oscillographic

Recorders.

12.

Five

18-Channel

Analog/Digital

Line

Driver Amplifiers.

13.

One

Monitoring

Equipment.

14.

One

Operational

Alignment

Equipment.

15.

One

Auxiliary

Support

Equipment.

2.2.2.2

PCM

Ground

Station.

The

PCM

Ground

Station

functions

as

inter-

mediate

processing

equipment

between

the telemetry

receivers

and

the

Telemetry

Data

Processor.

It

converts the

serial,

3-level,

pulse-code-modulated

(PCM)

data

from

the

receiver

frequency-discriminator

output

into

parallel

binary

data

words

that

are

compatible

with

the

Data

Processing

subsystem.

The

detected

signal

from

the

frequency

discriminators

is

passed

through

a

30-kc

filter

to

remove

other

telemetry

data

carried

on

a

70-kc

subcarrier.

The

filter

output

is

then

fed

to

the

input

of

the

PCM

converter.

The

PCM

con-

verter

converts the

3-level signal

into

2-level

form

and

performs

a

noise

rejection

operation.

The

converted

data

are

placed

in

intermediate

storage

to

allow

bi-directional

entry.

This

is

necessary

because,

on

some

programs,

the

PCM

data

are

recorded

on

a

vehicle-borne

magnetic-tape

system,

and

playback

may

be

in

either

forward or

reverse

direction.

The

PCM

data

may

be

received,

therefore,

in

either

a

forward

or

backward

format.

For

off-line

data

processing~the

3-level

PM14

data

is

used

to

modulate

a

voltage-controlled

oscillator

to

provide

a

frequency

modulated

70-kc

carrier

for

recording

on

magnetic

tape.

The

tape

may

then

be

played

back

through

a

70-kc

subcarrier

discriminator

to

recover

the

3-level

PCM

signal

train,

which

may

then

be

sent

through

the

PCM

converter

for

processing.

I

1

April

1963

37

24-1146/O00/00

2.2.2.3

GP-1

Ground

Station.

The

General

Fhxrpose

PAM

Ground

Station

(PAM;-GPl)

has

been

designed

to

receive

a

frequencyý-modulated

PAM

input

signal

from

ground-,based

telemetry-receiving

equipment

and

to

provide

digital

output

data.

In

addition,

demultiplexing

and.

analog

outputs

are

provided

for

various

users,

ThiE

eruipment

can

be

programmed

to

handle

various

PAM

formats

by

a

main

Program Board.

It is

capable

of

recording

all

received

information

on

an

appropriate

wideband

magnetic-tape

recorder,

such

as

the

Ampex

FR

700,

and

of

reproducing

this

recorded

information

for

off-line

processing.

A

digital

tape

recorder,

provided

for

backup

capability,

can

record

received

information

and

reproduce

this

information

for

off-line

processing.

This

recorder

also

makes

it

possible

to

check

the

input/output

transfer

per-

formance

of

the

PAM4GPl.

The

Ground

Station

is

also

capable

of

normalizing

all

PAM

data;

i.e.,

by

making

use

of

the

calibrate

information

in

the

pulse

train,

the

data

information

is

normalized

to

the correct

relative

value,

regardle6s of

amplifier

gain

drift,

r-f

deviation

drift,

or

initial

system

setup

inaccuracieswithin

a

correction

range

of-±30

percent.

This

equipment,

of

modular

construction

for

the

most

part

and

subject

to

programming

is

made

up

of

19

functional

units.

These

units

are

not

necessar-

ily

physia-2l

entities,

but

may

be

composed

of

certain

modules

or

groups

of

m=dules,

the

arrangements

of

vhich

may

change

from

one

program

to

another.

Tbe

PAK.GPl

Ground

Station

is

composed

of

the

following

major

functional

components,

which

are

housed

in

seven

14-inch

relay

racks:

i.

Video

Circuits.

2.

Clock

and

Raw

Sync

Separator.

3.

Multiphase

Clock

Generator.

4.

FYame

Sequencer.

5.

S~ibframe

Sequencer.

6.

Frame

Sync

Logic.

7. Subframe

Svn,

Logic.

8.

Automatic

Gain

Control.

9.

Digitizer.

10.

Output

Buffer.

11.

Digital

Record

Electronics.

12.

Digital

Reproduce

Electronics.

1

April

1963

38

Tm-1146/000/00

13.

Analog

Circuits.

14.

Patch

Panel.

15.

Power

Supplier

and

Interlock.

16.

Digital

Tape

Recorder.

17.

Wideband

Tape

Recorder.

18.

R-F

Detectors

and

Subcarrier Discriminators.

19.

Signal

Simulator.

The

Ground

Station

performs

these

main

functions:

1.

Accepts

input data

in

the

form

of

a

5-mc

frequency-modulated

carrier.

2.

Accepts

input data

in

the

form

of

a

30-mc

frequency-modulated

carrier.

3

Provides

the capability

of

recording,

on

magnetic

tape,

the

input

data

described

in

1

and

2

above.

4.

Allows

for

the

capability

of

detecting

the

frequency modulation

of

the

input

signals

described

in

1

and

2

above.

5.

Allows

for

the

additional

capability

of

detecting

frequency-

modulated

subcarriers

in

systems

utilizing

PAM-FM-FM.

6.

Provides

the

capability

of

supplying

composite

PAM

video,

PAM

clock,

PAM

frame sync,

and

PAM

block

sync

to

display

equipment.

7.

Provides

seven

channels

of

smoothed

(interpolation

filtered)

analog

outputs,

which

may

be

programmed

to

any

desired

channel.

8.

Provides

a

minimum

of

eight

channels

of

sample-and-hold

analog

outputswhich

may

be

programmed

to

any

desired

channel.

9.

Provides

the

capability

of

performing

the

internal

functions

required of

a

General

Purpose

Sync

Separator

and

Digitizer.

The

equipment

accepts

a

serial

PAM

pulse

train

at

a

data-sampling

rate

ranging

from

500

cps

to

40

kc.

It

can

process

a

maximum

of

256

high-frequency

channels.

Four

of

these

high-frequency

channels

may

be

asynchronously

A

1

April

1963

39

U.41146/000/0o

subcommutated

to

a

maximum

of

128

low-frequency

channels;

however,

additional

channels

may

be

subcommutated

provided

they

are

synchronized with

one

or

more

of

the

asynchronous

channels.

Seven

smoothed

analog

outputs

are

provided.

These

signals

are

generated

by

demultiplexing

the

PAM

pulse

train,

passing

the

resulting

PAM

pulses

through

an

interpolation

filter

and

then

through

an

amplifier

for

ampli-

fication.

The

choice

of

the

channels

to

be

demultiplexed

is

performed

on

the

Program

Board.

Eigtt

sample-and-hold

outputs are

also

provided.

The

choice

of

channels

to

be

sampled

and

held

is

performed

on

the

Program

Board.

Each

sample-

and-hold

circuit

samples

the

level

of

a

particular

data

channel

over

a

brief

interval

of

time

and

then,

through

memory,

retains

this

level

until

a

new

sample

is

made

available.

Upon

the

arrival

of

a

keying

pulse

that

initiates

another

sample,

the

output

of

the

sample-and-hold

circuit

changes

to

the

new

data

level

and

remains

at

that

level

until

a

new

sample

is

provided.

2.2.2.4

400-mc

Receiving/Commanding Equipment.

The

1OO-mc

equipment

is

used

with

the

TU4J18

or

T&D

antenna

subsystems

to

enable

them

to

actively

track

vehicles

having

400-mc

transponders.

'The

feed

systems

of

these

antennas

are

modified

to

accomodate

the

new

frequency

band.

The

equipment

can

furnish

error

signals

to

null

the

antenna-positioning

servos

and

provide

auto-track

capability

for

the

antenna

at

400

mc.

The

dopplier

shift

frequency

can

be

extracted

from

the

received

signal

to

obtain

range-rate

information.

The

existing

precision

synchros

and encoder5

geared

to

the

antenna

axes

provide

antenna angle

data.

The

equipment can

&ccept

telemetry

data

from

4

00-mc,

vehicle-borne

transmitters

and can be

us-.d

for

cormanding

with

vehicles

carrying

375-mc

receivers.

The

modifications

to

the

antennas

do

not

affect

their

capability

to

function

at

their

originsl

design

frequency.

2.2.3

Data

Processing

Subsystem.

The

Data

Processing

subsystem

inter-

faces

with

the

Telemetry,

Tracking,

and

Command

subsystems

through

the

Cross

Connect

Panel.

Direct

contact

with

the

SIC

is

maintained

via

the

1200-bps

data

1ines.

The

principal

uncmtions

of

the

Data

Processing

subsystem

are

the

following:

1.

Accepts

predicted

acquisition

and

ephemeris

data

from

the

STC

and

converts

this

information

to

continuous

antennaý

position

data

far

the

tracking-

station

antenna

systems.

2.

Provides

antenna-pointing data

to

the

radar-tracking-subsystem

antenna

drives

and

telemetry-subsystem

antenna

drives,

via

the

appropriate

slaving

busses.

3.

Accepts

tracking

data

from

the

radar-tracking

subsystem

and

provides

tracking

data

for

transmission

to

the

STC.

1

April

1963

4o

IM-1

1

46/0oo/oo

4.

Accepts

digital

antenna

position

data

from

the

telemetry-

antenna

subsystem

and

provides

data

for

transmission

to

the

STC.

5.

Provides

and

accepts

status

and

control

data

to

and

from

the

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC).

Provides

digital-command

data for

modulating

the

radar,

command

transmitter,

and

telemetry

antennas

commancL-modulation

equipment,

and

provides

analog-

command

data

to

the radar-modulation

equipment.

6.

Processes

telemetry

data

from

the telemetry

subsystems

in

real

time

and

postpass.

7.

Performs

control

and

monitoring

functions

for

the

Checkout

Subsystem.

8.

Provides

for

generating the

ETA

and

ETT

in

time

displakyr

on

the

SOC.

9.

Records

selected

data.

10.

Provides

time

comparison

between

vehicle

and

system

time

and

provides

this

to

the

STC.

Main

components

of

the

Data

Processing

subsystem

are

as

follows:

1.

Tracking

and

Command

(T&C)

Computer

Subsystem.

2.

Telemetry

(TIM)

Computer

Subsystem.

3.

Input/Output

Buffer.

4.

Telemetry

Data

Processor.

5.

Command

Logic

Equipment.

6.

Station

Operator's

Console.

2.2.3.1

Tracking

and

Command

Computer

Subsystem

(T&C).

The

T&C

computer

complex

consists

of

one

each

CDC

160A

Computer,

CDC

169

External

Computer

Memory,

CDC

166

Buffered

Line

Printer,

CDC

163-4

Magnetic

Tape

Unit,

and

CDC

162

Typewriter.

The

computer

has

one

set

of

programs

for

real-time

(RT)

operations

and

one

set

for

non-real-time

(NRT)

operations.

Me

RT

programs

operate

when

the

tracking

station

is

servicing

a

vehicle.

NRT

programs

operate

in

the

period

between

active

servicing

of

vehicles.

I

I

1

April

1963

41

TN-1146/o10/O/

The

following

tracking

and

cosmanding

functions

are

performed

during

RT.

1.

The

RT

Program

uses

standardized

predicted acquisition

data

messages

(in

station

azimuth,

elevation,

and

range

coordi-

nates)

to

provide

slaving data

to

an

acquisition

synch

conver-

ter

for

use

by

the

Antenna

subsystem.

Each

pointing

data

message

contains

header

data

and

data-point

sets

(azimuth,

elevation,

and

range)

spaced

at

a

uniform

At

between

sets.

(At=

2n

seconds,

where

0

:

n

r

6).

The

RT

program

interpolates

the

data

to

20

sps

and

supplies

it

to

the

acquisition

synch

converter

for

use

under

SOC

control.

2.

The

RT

program

provides

and

accepts

command

data

and

status

to

and

from

the

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC),

commands

and

command

data

from

the

STC,

provides

digital-command

capa-

bility,

records

significant

events

pertaining

to

analog

and

digital

commanding,

and

reports

commanding

operational

status

to

the

STC.

Provisions

will

be

made

to

accept

command

ver-

ification

from

the

FM/FM

Ground

Station

(or

the

Telemetry

Data

Processor)

and

echo

signals

from

the

CLE,

when

available.

3.

The

RT

program

reads

data

on

azimuth,

elevation,

transverse,

range,

range

rate,

control,

and

status

(as

supplied

by

the

antennas

selected)

through

a

digital

data

link,

from

the

antennas

once

each

second

for

history

records,

and

formats

the

selected

information

for

transmission

to

STC

at

a

normal

rate

(or

rate

selected

by

STC

prepass

or

real

time).

4.

The

RT

program

provides

and

accepts

status

and

control

data

to

and

from

STC,

the

Station

Operator's

Console,

and

other

tracking

station

subsystems.

5.

The

RT

program

accepts

system

time

and

vehicle

system

time

word

inputs

and

provides

timing

and

vehicle

identification

display

outputs.

System

time

will

be

accepted

from

the

ground

timing

equipment

and

used

in

timing

displays

or

for

time-tagging

acquisition

messages

and

command

messages.

Vehicle

system

time

and

ground

vehicle

time

offset

shall

be

accepted

from

the

ground

telemetry

subsystem

and

recorded

and

transmitted

to

STC,

as

required.

6.

The

RT

program

provides

the

capability

for

recording

a

history

of

selected

data.

The

history

subprograms

provides

the

capa-

bility

to

record

and

play

back

chronological

records

of

command

actions

(analog

or

digital)

including

initiations,

transmission,

echo-check

data,

and

vehicle

reactions;

tracking

data;

raw

time-tagged

telemetry

;

and

other data,

as

dictated

by

operation

1

April

1963

42

nIM-116/ooo/Oo

requirements

such

as

timing

and

SOC

actions.

This

function

is

also

required

of

the

telemetry

operational

program.

The

following

tracking

and

commanding

functions

are

performed

during

NRT:

1.

The

NRT

program

accepts

new

vehicle

specifications,

commanding

and

pointing

data

from

STC,

and

merges

them

with

operation

tapes

alroeady

on

hand

at

the

tracking

station.

2.

If

required,

the

NRT

program

enters

a Playback

mode,

in

which

history

tapes

are

made

available

to

the

STC

or

for

readout

at

the

station.

3.

The

NRT

program

performs

schedule

printouts,

as

required,

for

station

operation.

4.

In

some

cases,

the

NRT

program

coordinates

those

SOC

functions

involving

system

time,

ETA,

ETT,

etc.

5.

The

NRT

program

coordinates

the

checkout

programs,

including

daily

and

prepass

checkouts.

6.

The

NRT

program

arranges

the

real-time

program

in

the

specific

configuration

determined

by

data

sent

from

the

STC.

7.

The

NRT

program

accomplishes

the

transition

from

non-real-time

to

real-time

operation,

2.2.3.2

Telemetry

Computer

Subsystem

(TLM).

The

TIM

Computer

subsystem

has

the

same

basic

equipment

as

the

T&C

computer

complex;

only

the

programming

is

different.

The

TIM

programs

are

divided

into

an

RT

set

and

an

NRT

set,

as

are

the

T&C

programs.

The

following

telemetry functions are

performed

during

RT:

One

telemetry

data

stream

is

accepted,

time

tagged,

and

recorded.

Some

of

the

data

are

processed

for

local

and

STC

real-time

use

and

postpass

analysis.

The

telemetry

program

formats

and

compresses

the

data

from

selected

channels

in

real

time,

sends

selected

outputs

to

the

STC,

and

locates

command

ver-

ification

data.

Compression

modes

will

be

provided

as

options

in

the

computer

program.

The

telemetry

points selected

and

the

parameters

of

a

processing

algorithm

may

be

changed

without

loss

of

data.

The

telemetry

mode

may

also

be

changed

during

a pass but

some

data

are

lost

during

the

change

over.

During

NRT

,the

following

telemetry

functi

ons

are

performed:

1.

New

modes

are accepted

for

telemetry

compression.

1

April

1963

43

TM-11i46/Oo/O0

direction,

specifying

which

mode

is

to

be

used

on

particular

vehicle

passes,

and

merged

with

data already

on

the

magnetic

operations

tapes

at

the

site.

2.

Scheduled

printouts

are

produced,

as

necessary.

3.

Transition

from

non-real

time

to

real

time

is

performed.

4.

The

capability

exists

to

read

and

process

raw

telemetry

data

from

a

digital

history

tape.

2.2.3.3

In.put/Output

Buffer

(lOB).

The

1OB

provides

for

computer-pro

grammable

input

and

output

of

digital

data,

in

real

time,

to

and

from

a

CDC

160A

computer.

The

computer

Drogram

sets

the

rate

of

input/output

for

each

datum

and

selects

the

input/output

device

and

function

at

the

correct

time

by

the

use

of

function-select

codes.

Computer

interrupts

are

used

to

trigger

input/output

functions of

the

computer

program.

The

IOB

interrupts

the

computer

by

means

of

interrupt

10

for

the

Command

Logic

Equipment

(CLE)

functions,

which

have

the

higheEt

priority

of

any

interrupt

in

the

TMC

160A.

The

1OB

uses

interrupt

40

to

interrupt

the

computer

at

a

20

pps

rate

for

timing

inputs

and

outputs

from

the

other

equipment.

Finally,

the

lOB

uses

interrupt

30

for

digital

data

link

equipment

inputs.

The

1OB

transfers

output

data

to

the

following

equipment

under

computer

control:

1.

CDC-160A

Computer.

2.

Station

Operator

Console.

3.

Acquisition

Servos

for

Slave

Data

Bus.

4.

Command

Logic

Equipment.

5.

Check-out

Subsystem.

It

transfers

input data

from

the

following

equipment

under

computer

control:

1.

CDC-160A

Computer.

2.

Selected

Antenna

Position

Encoders

(Via

Computer

Digital

Terminals

1

and

2).

3.

System

and

Vehicle

Time

Word

and

Offset.

1

April

1963

44

TM-1146/O00/O0

4.

Station

Operator

Console.

5.

Command

Logic

Equipment.

6.

Checkout

Subsystem.

2.2.3.4

Telemetry

Data

Processor

(TDP).

The

TDP

interfaces

between

the

telemetry

subsystems

and

the

telemetry

160A

computer.

It

accepts

vehicle

telemetry data

from

the

GP-l(a),

GP-l(b),

FM/FM,

and

PCM

telemetry

sub-

systems.

The

TDP

can

select

for

input

the

system-time

code

word

(STCW)

and

a

122-bit

input

control

word.

With

certain

telemetry

systems,

the

TDP

can

send

a

12-bit

output

(control)

word

to

the

station

patchboard

for

trans-

mission

to

the

IOB.

This

word

is

used

in

communicating

the

vehicle

command

verification

to

the

commanding

subprogram

in

real

time.

The

GP-l

systems

will

input

one

12-bit

word/telemetry value

to

the

TDP.

The

FM/FM

system

will

input

up

to

64

channels

of

analog

values

to

the

TDP;

a

manually

programwable

plugboard

permits

sampling

of

up

to

64

channels

(at

a

maximum

rate

of

25

kc) and

digitizing

of

sampled

data

for

the

160A.

The

PCM

system

will

provide

one

or

ten

unsynchronized

data

bits/12-bit

word(s)

to

the

160k-

One

pps

is

marked

to

in

all

telemetry data

streams.

A

receiver

phase-loop,

lock-.on

bit

is

provided

in

the

twelfth

bit.

The

160A

can

select

any

one

of

the

TDP

inputs

or outputs

by

programmed

execution

of

the

appropriate function

select

codes.

The

TDP

includes

a

scanner,

a

digitizer,

and

a

computer

select

unit.

The

scanner

will

be

capable

of

sampling

the

input

from

each

subcarrier discriminator

or

de-

commutator

in

the

FM/FM

ground

telemetry

subsystem

(or

a

maximum

of

64

similar

sources)

at

a

minimum

individual

rate

of

5

cps and

a

maximum

combined

rate

of

25

kc.

The

selectable

rates

and

sequence

of

sampling

the

various

sources

will

be

determined

by

a

programmed

patchooard.

2.2.3.5

Command

Logic

Equipment

(CLE).

The

CLE

processes

inputs

from

the

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC)

and

the

T&C

computer

in

order

to

control

the

transmission

of

analog

and

digital

commands

to

satellites

via

the

command

transmission

facilities

of

the

antenna

subsystems.

The

CIE

has

storage

buffers,

logic

circuitry,

and

function

counters.

It

furnishes

outputs

to

various

external

equipments

in

the

form

of

relay

closures.

It

transforms

parallel

digital

commands

from

the

computer

to

serial

form

for

transmission

to

the

satellite.

For

"analog"

commands,

the

CLE

translates

the

command

number

selected

by

the

SOC

(two

BCI

digits)

into

two

outputs

corresponding

to

one

of

15

commands.

When

the

"Trans,.L."

signal

is

received

from

the

SOC,

these

outputs

are

gated

to

pick

up

two

out

of

six

relays

and

to

hold

them

in

an

operate

condition

for

one

second.

These

relay

closures

are

used

to

tone-modulate

the

radio-

frequency

carrier

that

carries

the

command

information

to

the

satellite.

A

1

April

1963

45

•m-_ll6/ooo/oo

command

counter

is

stepped

once

for

each

"transmit"

and

the

number

of

the

command

transmitted

is

indicated

on

the

SOC.

Approximately

300

milliseconds

after

the

command

relays

close,

a

command

echo

check

is

returned

from

the

transmitter.

This

echo

check

consists

of

two

out

of

six

relay

closures,

held

closed

for

one

second.

The

CLE

compares

the

echo-check

data

with

the

cammand

previously

transmitted.

If

not

in

agreement,

the

Command

Error

indicator

on

the

SOC

is

turned

on,

and

further

commanding

is

inhibited

until

the

Command

Error

indication

has

been

cleared

by

the

"Error

Override"

pushbutton

on

the

SOC.

Also, about

300

milliseconds

after

transmission,

a

command

verification

from

the

satellite

is

returned

to

the

CLE

via

the

FM/FM

ground

station.

This

consists

of

two

out

of

six

relay

closures,

held

closed

for

one

second,

which

are

compared

with

the

transmitted

command

relay

closures.

If

they

agree,

the

verification

indicator

on

the

SOC

is

turned

on

and

a

verification

counter

is

stepped

on

count.

When

the

SOC

goes

into

the Repetitive

Transmit

mode,

the

CLE

retransmits

the

same

command

once

every

two

seconds

until

the

"Stop

Repetitive"

push

button

is

depressed

or

until

the

total

number

of

commands

transmitted

equals

the

repetitive

number

selected

on

the

SOC.

The

CLE

stops

repetitive

transmission

if a

command

echo

check

error

is

received.

When

the

"Error

Override"

push

button

is

depressed

on

the

SOC,

the

CLE

resumes

sending

the

repetitive

commands.

A

count

of

successful

repetitions

made

is

furnished

by

the

CLE

for

display

at

the

SOC.

Digital

command

messages

are

furnished

to

the

CLE

from

the

T&C

computer.

The

command

mode,

command

number,

reject

level,

and

transmit

order

are

transferred

from

the

SOC

to

the

T&C

Computer

via

the

CLE.

The

computer

extracts

from

memory

the

command

word

corresponding

to

the

command

number

and

provides

it

to

the

CLE

via

the

IOB,

serially

bit

by

bit,

on

a

computer-

interrupt

basis.

The

rate

of

command-bit

transfers

from

the

computer

to

the

=LE

is

primarily

determined

by

the

sync

PRF

of

the

command

transmitter

(the

maximum

rate

being

one

kc),

which

also

controls

the

command

bit

transmission

rate

from

the

CLE

to

the

command

transmitter.

Echo

check

data

are

returned

from

the

command

transmitter

to

the

CLE,

serially

bit

by

bit,

at

the

sync

PRF.

These

data

are

sampled

by

the

computer

and

compared

in

the

computer

with

the

original

command

in

memory,

in

real

time.

An

Echo

Check

error

indication

is

made

on

the

SOC.

A

Command

Verification

indication

(accept

or

reject)

is

returned

to

the

CLE

after

completion

of

each

command

word

transmission,

and

is

made

available

to

the

SOC

and

the

T&C

computer

via

the

IOB.

The

computer

also

monitors

the

verification

inputs

for the

occurrence

of

spoofs,

which

also

are

dis-

played

on

the

SOC

and

recorded

by

the

computer.

The

various

modes

of

analog

and

digital

commanding

are

explained

in

detail

in

Section

5.0,which

also

describes

additional

functions

performed

by

CLE.

1

April

1963

46

M-i1146/000/00

2.2-3.6

Station

Operator's

Console.

The

Station

Operator's

Console

(SOC)

is

the

central

control point

at

the

tracking

station.

It is

here

that

the

switches

and

displays

used

to

monitor

and

control

the

tracking,

telemetry,

command,

data

handling,

and

other

functions are

located.

There

are

18

panels,

arranged

in

functional

groupings,

so

that

three

operators

can

work

the

console

with

a

minimum

of

interference

with

each

other

(Figure

6).

These

operators

are

the

Command

Controller,

the

Antenna

Controller,

and

the

Shift

Supervisor.

On

the

left

side

of

the

console

is

a

group

of

panels

involved

with

the

Antenna

subsystem

(Figure

7).

These

are:

1.

Signal Strength

Panel

-

This

panel

has

two

meters,

which

display

the

strength

of

the

tracking

signals

of

the

Radar

Tracker

and

Telemetry

Tracker.

Four

lighted

displays

indicate

the operating

mode

of

each

tracker.

For

the

Radar

Tracker,

these

modes

are

Locked

on,

Slaved,

Search,

and

Manual.

For

the

Telemetry

Tracker

they

are

Auto

Tracking,

Slaved,

Search,

and

Manual.

2.

Range

Panel

-

This

panel

has

a

large,

circular

dial,

which

shows

the

range

in

20

n.m.

increments

out

to

5100

n.m.

The

dial

has

two

cursors:

one

indicates

range

from

the

Radar

Tracker,

and

the

other

the

range

from

the

Computer

Acquisition

program.

3.

Azimuth

Panel

-

This

panel

has

a

large,

circular

3600

dial,

which

is

divided

into

20

increments.

The

dial

has

three

cursors,

which

indicate

azimuth

derived

from:

(1)

the

Radar

Tracker,

(2)

the

Telemetry Tracker,

and

(3)

the

Computer

Acquisition

program.

4.

Elevation

Panel

-

This

panel

has

a

large,

circular

dial,

which

displays elevation

in

20

increments

from

900

at

the top

center

of

the

dial

down

to

-200

on

each

side.

The

dial

is

not

cali-

brated

full

scale.

The

dial

has

three

cursors,

which

display

elevation

as

derived

from

the

same

three

sources

listed

for

the

Azimuth

Panel.

5.

Antanna

Control

Panel

-

This

panel

has

two

sets

of

push

buttons

and

one

set

of

indicator

lamps.

One

set

of

three

push

buttons

is

labeled

"Directing

Source"

and

offers

three

choices

for

selecting

the

source

to

drive

the

system

sync

slave

bus:

(1)

"Computer",

(2)

"Radar

Tracker",

and

(3)

"Telemetry Tracker.

The

other

set

of

four

push

buttons

controls

the

starting

and

stopping

of

the

acquisition

program.

When

the

"Computer

Control"

push

button

is

depressed,

the

acquisition

program

is

under

the

control

of

the

T&C

computer.

When

the

"Manual

Control"

push

button

is,

depressed,

along

with

the

"Manual

Start"

or

"Manual

0

1

April

1963

47 T-116/000/00

(Page

48

blank)

ANTENNASHF

CONTROLLER

SUPERVISOR

SECTION

SECTION

-75

Figure

6.

Station

operator's

Consc

L346/000/00

SHIFT

COMMAND

SUPERVISOR

CONTROLLER

SECTION

SECTION

Figure

6.

Station

Operator's

Console

I

April

1963

49

T.P46/000/00

(Page

50

blank)

RA

AZIMUTH

3 M R0 0 20

320 3M3 0

22X0 60

S100

2000

210 90

U

250

noN

~240,125

RADAR

TRACKER

200,

0RA TL

Figure

7.

SOC--Antenna

Controller

E

T-_146/ooo/lo

RADAR

TRACKER TELEMETRY TRACKER

SIGNAL STRENGTH SIGNAL STRENGTH

AZIMUTH

ELEVATION

ft R COMPUTER2P

ft TRAANTENANARCTRACOE

1TR

DIRECTING SOURCE

ACQUISITIONPRGA

I2W:

::

0-0 -10

Fitgu~re

7.

SOC--Antenna

Controller

Section

•

1:

w in

1

April

1963

51

TM-1146/Ooo/Oo

(Page

52

blank)

STEPPER

SWITCH

POSITION

110 I0

SECONDS

SECONDS

VEHICLE

PROGRAMMER

COMMAND

COUNT

ANALOG

COMMANIE

VEHICLE

VERIFICATIONS

_________S-TEPPEOR3SW2TC4

r.E WI-f'T"CN

TIME

TO

RESET

SELECT

TRANSMISSIONS

IA"

'

0

vU

V ERIFC OW

U

VSWIFI CAT

COMMAND

MODE

REPETITIVE

COMMI

NUMBER

SELECTED

NUMBER

SEI

3MANUJAL MANUAL

I

UO

SNRSI..

TRANSMIT

MODE

NUM&ER

SELECT

NUMBER

S

SINOLE 11EPE-T-ITIV

_PE Elr

Figure

8.

SOC--Command

Controller

TM-i2l46/ooo/0o

COMMAND

STATUS

CEPMTITTV

COMMAODREJUECT~AEKRO

MPIiC

A"DN B EET COMPLETE

COMPUER

AUT

Ad=______

READY REASY

COMPUTER

ISTOP 7I

MAND

COUNT

ANALOG

COMMAND

VERIFICATION

COMMAND

STATUS

LE

VERIFICATIONS

_WYE E 3OR EESYN

O - a Uon

Sect

3

io WVY

RANSUISSIONS

2EW 9E RW

SEONus I

_______

C

RWIFCATION

VEMICTIiONUE

KEPRCRO

EPETITIVE"""

=COMMAND

-mýREJECTý

MISER

SELECTED

NUMBER

SELECTEDCONCUTCLA

lUMSER

SELECT

NUMBER

SELECT

TRAIUSMrC

LEVEL

SELECT

ure

8.

SOC--Command

Controller

Section

U2

I

i

April

1963

53

M-

1146/000/00

Start"

or

"Manual

Stop"

push

button,

the

acquisition

program

is

under

the

control

of

the

SOC

operator.

Two

lighted

displays

indicate

"Acquisition

Program

Ready"

or

"Acquisition

Program

in

Progress".

On

the

right

side

of

the

SOC

is

a

group

of

panels

involved

with

the

commanding

and

telemetry

functions

(Figure

8).

These

are:

1.

Command

Status

Panel

-

This

is

actually

two

panels,

one

above

the

other,

on

the

far

right

of

the

SOC.

The

upper

panel

has

two

switches

and

three

banks

of

indicator

lights.

The

two

switches

are

"Computer

Auto

Stop,"

which

stops

the

automatic

sending of

the

commands

by

the

computer,

and

"Computer

Command

Advance,"

which

allows

the

command

program

to

proceed

when

a

"Command

Reject"

has

been

received

or

the

reject

level

has

been

reached.

One

bank

of

indicators

shows

whether

the

com-

puter

automatic

commanding

program

is

"ready",

"in

progress",

or

"complete". Another

bank

shows

the

same

three

conditions

for

a

command

sequence

from

remote

console.

The

third

bank

indicates

whether

the

MCDU

console

is

"ready"

to

transmit

a

command

sequence

or

whether

the

command

sequence

is

"complete".

The

lower

panel

has

two

parts:

(1)

a

"Command

Status"

part,

which

has

two

banks

of

indicators

and

a

row

of

push

button

switches;

(2)

a

"Reject"

part,

which

has

a

digital

select

switeh,

a

digital

"Count"

display,

and

a

"Count

Clear"

push

button

switch.

One

bank

has

four

indicators.

There

is

an

"Analog

Command

Coder"

and

a

"Digital

Command

Coder"

to

show

which

type

of

cozmand

the

selected

Radar

Tracker

is

prepared

to

send.

The

other

two

indicators

light

up

if

either

the

number

1

or

number

2

deco-mutator

drops

out

of

synchronism.

The

second

bank

has

seven

indicators,

as

follows:

a.

"Verification

Not

Received"

-

Indicates

that

a

command

has

been

sent but

that

nc

;rify

cr

reject

has

been

received

from

the

vehicle.

b.

"Command

Accept"

-

Indicates

that

the

vehicle

has accepted

the

last

command

and

sent

verification.

c.

"Command

Error"

-

Indicates

that

an

error

was

made

in

the

transmission

of

the

command.

d.

"Reject

Level

Reached"

-

Indicates

that

the

number

of

rejec-

tions

of

a

command

by

the

vehicle

has

reached

the

preset

level.

e.

"Command

Reject"

-

Indicates

that

the

last

command

sent

has

been

rejected

by

the

vehicle.

4:

1

April

1963

54

24-•l146/ooo/oo

f.

"Improper

Command"

-

Indicates

that

the vehicle

has

accepted

an

improper

command.

g.

"Spoof"

-

Indicates

that

a

false verification

was

received

while

the

last

command

was

being

transmitted.

In

the

row

of

push

button

switches

are:

(1) "Manual

Verify,"

which

allows

the

command

program

to

proceed

when

verification

of

the

last

command

was

not

received

from

the

vehicle

and

there

was

no

"Command

Error"

or

"Command

Reject;"

(2)

"Error

Override,"

which

allows

the

command

program

to

proceed

when

a

"Command

Error"

and

a

"Command

Accept"

occur

simultaneously;

and

(3)

"Spoof

Override,

"

which

resets

the

"Spoof"

indicator.

On

the

"Reject"

part

of

this

panel,

the

digital

select

switch,

"Level

Select,"

has

100

positions,

(0

-

99)

which

allows

the

operator

to

select

any

number

up

to

99

for

which a

command

will

be

transmitted

and

rejected

by

the

vehicle.

There

is a

"Count"

display,

which

indicates,

in

decimal

digits,

the

number

of

times

a command

has

been

rejected.

A

"Count

Clear"

push

button

clears

this

indicator.

2.

"Radar

Command

Panel"

-

This

panel

controls

a

number

of

functions

and

is

divided

into

six

groups of

controls;

these are:

0

a.

"Vehicle

Programmer"

group

-

There

are

four

displays

pertinent

to

the

Fairchild

Timer

Operation.

Two

indicators

show

whether

the

stepper

switch

in

the vehicle

is in

the

"Increase"

or "Decrease"

position.

A

third

indicator,

the

"Reset

Monitor,"

indicates

whether

the

vehicle

stepper

switch

may

be

reset.

The

fourth

indicator

is

composed

of

five rotary

drums,

each

of

which

has

ten

digital

positions

(0

-

9);

this

indicator

is

used

to

display

the

system

time

at

which

the

reset

command

must

be

manually

transmitted.

b.

The

next

group

is

made

up

of

two

banks

of

push

buttons:

the

"Command

Mode"

switches

and

the

"Transmit

Mode"

switches.

These

set

up

the

commanding

options

discussed

in

detail

in

Section 5.0.

The

Command

modes

are:

Analog

Manual,

Digital

Manual,

Computer

Auto,

Remote

Enable,

and

MCDU

Enable.

The

Transmit

modes

are:

Analog

Long,

Single,

Repetitive,

and

Stop

Repetitive.

c.

The

"Command

Count"

group

has

two

2-digit

projection

readout

displays.

One,

the

"Vehicle

Verifications"

display,

shows

the

number

of

verifications

received

on

the

last

ccomand

selected.

The

other

display, the

"Transmissions"

readout,

0

1

April

1963

55

TK-)-/O00/00

shows

the

number

of

times

the

last

selected

command

has

been

transmitted.

d.

The

"Repetitive"

group

has

a

"Number

Select"

switch

that

has

100

positions

(0

-

99)

which

allows

the

operator

to

select

the

number

of

times

a

conmmand

will

be

repeated

with

verification

from

the

vehicle.

It

also

has

a

0-99

pro-

jection

readout

display,

which

indicates

the

number

of

repetitions

of

the

comnand

that

have

actually

been

made.

¶

e.

The

"Analog

Command

Verification"

group

has

two

switches

and 15

split-legend

indicators.

The

switches

are:

(1)

I

"Primary

Verification

Source,"

which

selects

the

tcne

analog

output

of

the

subcarrier

discriminator

for

command

verification.

The

15

split-legend

indicators

show,

in

one

half

of

the

split

legend,

which

of

15

possible

analog

commands

have

been

transmitted

and

show,

in

the

other

half,

the

vehicle ver-

ification

of

that

command.

f.

The

"Command"

group

has

a

"Number

Select"

control

con-

sisting

of

two

rotary

drums

with

ten

positions

(0

-

9)

each, which

allows

the

operator

to

select

one

of

99

cosmmands

stored

in

the

T&C

computer.

A

"Number

Selected"

display

shows

the

number

of

the

comand

or block

transmitted.

The

"Transmit"

push

button,

which

initiates

all

command

from

the

SOCis

also

in

this

group.

3.

"Telemetry

Readout"

Panels

-

There

are

two

panels,

each

having

six

meters

with

a

full-scale

calibration

of

0

to

10,

in in-

crements

of

0.2.

Selected

telemetry

points

in

analog

form

can

be

displayed

on

these

meters.

Above

each

meter

is

fastened

a

piece

of

white

formica,

on

which

the

identity

of

the

telemetry

point

selected

may

be

written

in

with

grease

pencil.

4.

"Stepper

Switch

Position"

Panel

-

There

are

two

meters

on

this

panel-,

which

indicate

the

positions

of

the

first

and

second

stepv'ev

switches

in

the

Fairchild

Timer

in

the

vehicle.

The

"10

Seconds"

display

indicates

the

position

of

tne

first

stepper

switch

and

the

"110

Seconds"

display

indicates

the

position

of

the

second

stepper

switch.

Grouped

in

the

center of

the

SOC

are

the

seven

remaining

panels,

which

"ontrol

the

functions

that

would

normally

be

the

responsibility

of

the

Shift

Supervisor

(Figure

9).

Here

are

located

Liuch

functions

ts

vehicle

selection

and

assign-

ment,

equipment

status,

system

configuration,

system

time

and

testing

facilities.

These

seven

panels

are:

1

April

1963

57

TM-1146/OOO/OO

(Page

58

blank)

EQUIPMENT

STATUS

CURRENT

VEHICLE

ETT

SECONDS 0 *oooc coo

mocr 11.i;

ETA

,..

0NONCN*

CUScc"0

0

WTL00000NOO

I'A

NEXT

VEHICLE

SSE

OFGRTO

ETT SYSTEM

CONFIGURATION

SECONDS TELEMETRY COMD/7RA,•K

ETA

SECONOS

NUMtBE

R

==STATION BOARD

CURRENT VEHICLE==

NUMBER

NUMBER

TELEMETRY

BOARDm

NUMBER

TSELECTr

ENTE*

DATA

TRANSMIT

ELAMP

TESTm

ýSTATION

STATUS•

Figure

9.

SOC-0Shift

SuV0

Tm-1146/oOO/0O

EQUIPMENT

STATUS SYSTEM

TIME

TELEMETRY

READOUTJ

•

liTn 01 OIITI

ON

lat 011(0(

SYSTEM

CONFIGURATION

AUTOMATIC

LOOP

TEST

TELEMETRY

READOUT

-ELEUETRY

COMO/0RACK

-E - E40

S .. ... ..... .-- I-

Ail..

TO

.. 0...

' 01 --

I

ITO-+

101

lO

100 00 1000|0

102

SOON

Figure

9.

SOC--Shift

Supervisor

Section

•

1

April

1963

59

TM-ll46/000/O0

2.

Current

Vehicle

Panel

-

This

panel

has

two

5-projection

readout

displays

which

show

the

total

seconds

remaining

until

time

of

acquisition

("ETA")

and

the

total

seconds

remaining

to

track

("ETT")

the

current

vehicle.

These

displays

are

driven

by

the

T&C

computer.

3.

Next

Vehicle Panel

-

This

panel

has

the

same

"ETA"

and

"ETT1"

displays

as

the

Current Vehicle

panel,

but

they

are

used

for

the

next

vehicle.

The

next

vehicle

number

is

selected

by

a

"Number

Select"

control,

which

has

four

10-position

rotary

drums

and

is

located

on

this

panel.

The

vehicle

number

is

entered

into

the

T&C

computer

via

the

IOB

by

means

of

an

"Enter"

push

button,

also

located

on

this

panel.

4.

Equipment

Status

Panel

-

This

panel

has

12

pairs

of

lighted

indicators

for

the

following

12

station

subsystems.

These

status

indicators

are

furnished

to

the

SOC

by

manual

switch

closures

made

at

the

various

equipments.

a.

Telemetry

Computer.

b.

Tracking

and

Command

Computer.

c.

Command

Logic.

d.

Telemetry

Data

Processor.

e.

Computer

Communications

Converter

# 1.

f.

Computer

Communications

Converter

#

2.

g.

Input/Output

Buffer.

h.

Radar

Tracker.

i.

Telemetry

Tracker.

A.

FM/FM

Ground

Station.

k.

PJAM

Ground

Station.

1.

Timing.

5.

System

Time

Panel

-

System

time

is

displayed

on

5

projection

readout

units,

which

indicate

the

system

time

in

total

number

of

seconds

accumulated

in a

24-hour

day

to the

nearest

second.

I

April

1963

6c

U&-ifJ6/ooo/oo

6.

System

Configuration

Panel

-

Ihis

panel

has

28

indicators,

which

operate

from

inputs

derived

from

the

Station

Program

Board and

the

Cross

Connect

Panel.

The

indicators

show

which

equipments

are

assigned

to

the

tracking

station

equipment

complex

under

control

of

the

SOC.

The

remaining

equipments

will,

of

course,

be

assigned

to

the other

SOC

or

held

as

spare.

Thus,

for

the

station

telemetry

configuration,

there

are

indicators

for

two

TDP's,

four

160A

computers

and

four

CCC's

(each

half

of

a

CCC

is

listed

separately

because

the

TIM

computer

could

be

assigned

to

either

half).

For

the

command

and

tracking

configuration,

a

similar

set

of

indicators

exists,

showing

computers

CCC's

and CLE's.

Other equipments

listed

are

Radar

Trackers

1

and

2;

TLM

Trackers

1,

2

and

3;

FM/FM

Ground

Stauion

1

and

2;

and

PAM

Ground

Stations

1

and

2.

7.

Automatic

Loop

Test Panel

-

This

panel

has

two

switches:

one

starts

the

automatic

loop

test

and

the

other

interrupts

it.

There

are

five pairs

of

"Go"

and

"No

Go"

indicators,

one

pair

each

for

the

computer,

radar

tracker,

TIM

tracker,

FM/FM

Ground

Station,

and

the

TDP.

A

sixth

pair

of

indicators

shows

whether

the

simulatc

r is

"Ready"

or

"Not

Ready".

Most

of

the

panels discussed

above

have

spare

indicators

and

switches

to allow

for

additions

and

reconfigurations.

0

2.3

COMMUNICATIONS

EQUIPMENT

Certain

equipments

are

associated

with

the

1200-bps

data

lines

and

are

common

to

the

STC

and

all

the

tracking

stations.

These

equipments

are:

1.

Computer

Communications

Converter.

2.

Modulator

and

Demodulator

Terminal

Equipment

(MODEM).

3.

KI-13

Cryptographic

Machine.

4.

Automatic

Resynchronizing

Equipment

(Auto.Resync).

2.3.1

Computer

Communications

Converter

(CCC).

The

CCC

is

the

interface

device

that

makes

the

160A

computer

parallel,

Input/outrat,

word

format

compatible with

the

serial

input/output

requirements

of

the

1200-bps

data-line

terminal

equipment.

The

CCC

is

used

at

both

ends

of

the

1200-bps

data

lines.

At

the

STC,

it

interfaces

with

the

160A

Bird

Buffer.

At

the

tracking

station,

it

handles

data

to

and

from

both

the

T&C

computer

and

the

Telemetry

computer,

interchanging

a

word

with

each

computer

alternately. Just

as

the

1200-bps

line

has

a

full

duplex

capability,

so

does

the

CCC;

its

sending

and

receiving

functions

are

completely

independent.

6@

.

April

1963

61

Tm-146/ooo/oo

The

CCC

has

four

modes

of

operation:

(1)

Sending,

(2)

Receiving,

(3)

No

Data,

and

(4)

Resync. Only

the

Resync

mode

excludes

the

other

modes.

In

the

Sending

mode,

when

a

computer

has

a

word

to

transmit

to

the

other

station,

it

sends

a

transmit request

to

the

CCC,

followed

by

a

12-bit data

word.

The

CCC

also

provides

an

interrupt

to

the

computer

at

the

end

of

each

data

transmission

cycle,

which

may

be

utilized

by

the

computer

to

assure

proper

timing

of

data

transfers

to

or

from

the

CCC.

Four

control

bits

are

added

to

the

word

for

identification

of

the

source

and

destination

of

the

word,

for

parity

check,

and

for

synchronization.

The

resultant

16-bit

word is

then

passed

to

the

1200-bps

line

terminal

equipment.

An

internally

generated

resync

word

is

sent

after

each

128

words.

In

the

Receiving

mode,

the

16-bit

word

is

stripped

of

its

4

control

bits

and

placed

serially

into

the

output

register,

where

it is

ready

for

parallel

transmission

to

the

proper

computer.

The

CCC

furnishes

an

interrupt

to

the

computer

which

will

accept

the

word.

The

No

Data

mode

is

entered

when

there

is

no

word

to

be

transmitted

by

a

computer.

Where

a

CCC

is

interfaced

with

two

computers,

and one

computer

has

no

word

to

transmit,

the

CCC

accepts

alternate

words from

one

computer,

after

sending

an

interrupt to

the

non--transmitting

computer

each

time

its

turn

to

transfer

a

word

comes

up.

When

there

is

no

word

to

be

transferred

from

either

computer,

the

No

Data

mode

is

entered

and

the

CCC

generates

an

internal

word

for

transmission

to

the

CCC

on

the

other

end

of

the

line.

This

self-generated

word

is

used

to

keep

the

system

in

synchronism,

and

is

not

transferred

beyond

the

CCC.

The

Resyn-

mode

is

entered

when

the

system

drops

out

of

synchronism.

In

this

condltion,

sync

data

words

are

exchanged

by

the

two

CCC's

at

each

end

of

the

line.

The

128--word

counters are

reset to

zero

when

synchronism

is

reestablished

and

the

CCC's

enter

one

of

the other

three

modes.

2.3.2

Modulator

and

Demodulator

Terminal

Equipment

(MODEM).

The

inter-

Station

Communication

Modulator

and

Demodulator

(MODEM)

Terminal

Equipment

is

designed

to

interface

the

1200-bit

data

lines

to

the

high-speed

cryptographic

equipment

(KG-13).

Each

duplex

line

that

is

used

to

communicate

with

the

STA

will

require

a

MODEM

at

each

end

of

the

line.

The

MODEM

is

used

at

the

transmitting

terminal

to

transform

the

input

digital

data

into

a

form

suitable

for

transmission

over

voice-communication

circuits.

At

the

receiving

terminal, the

MODEM

restores

the

information

to

its

original

digital

form.

In

addition,

the

MODEM

supplies

a

bit-rate

timing

pulse

to

the

KG-13,

Auto-Resync,

and Computer

Communications

Converter

(CCC)

equipment,

and

is

capable

of

operating

between

0

and

50,000

bits

per

second.

1

April

1963

62

T-1l

4

6/ouo/oo

2.3.3

KG-13

Cryptographic

Machine.

The

KG-13

is a

cryptographic

machine

that

is

used

on

the

1200-bps

line.

The

KW-26

cryptographic

unit

will

be

standard

equipment

for

the

lOO-word-per-minute

teletype

line.

The

KW-26

does

not

require

the

MODEM

to

interface

it

with

the

teletype

transmission

lines.

The

word

length

that

the

KG-13

can

handle

is

limited

to

16

bits.

A

word

length

of

16

bits

has

been

selected

as

a

standard

transmission

word

length

for

the

Augmented

System.

Of

these

16

bits,

only

12

can

be

used

to

transmit

data.

The

other

4

bits

are

used

by

the

Inter-Station

Communication

System

as

control

bits.

2.3.4

Automatic

Resynchronizing

Equipment

(Auto-Resync).

The

Auto-Resync

Equipment

is

part

of

the

Inter-Station

Communication

System.

It is

used

to

check,

sense,

and

perform

the

commands

and

routines

necessary

for

maintaining

the

integrity

of

the

transmitting

and

receiving

cryptographic

equipment.

This

equipment

interfaces

with

the

KG-13

and

the

CCC,

via the

Communication

Data

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit

(CDSCCU)

and

MODEM.

Normal

use

of

the

KG-13

requires

manual

intervention

to

place

the

equipment

back

on

the

line

if.,

for

some

reason,

improper

line

response

has

been

detected.

The

amount

of

time

to

manually

resync

a

single

KC-13

would

probably

be

acceptable:

but

if,

for

some

retor,,

a

power

fluctuation

should

occur

and

two

or

more

Ko-13's

lose

sync,

the

resyncing

time

1¢ould

be

intolerable.

It was

for

this

reason

that

the

Auto.Resync

unit

was

designed

to

take

over

the

manual

resynchronization

job.

The

Auto-Resync

Equipment

Is

designed

to

perform

the

following

functions:

1.

Interface

with

the

Inter-Station

Communication

System

equipment

at

operating

Tates of

between

0

and

50,000

bits

per

second.

2.

Originate

a

resynchronization

when

(1)

phase

lock

is

lost

or

(2)

in

response

to

a coimnand

from

the

CCC

or

from

the

remote

Auto

Resync

Unit.

3.

Respond

to

a

request

from

a

remote

Auto-Resync,

the

CCCor

the

KG-

13.

4.

Tally

and

li._o

the

number

of

resync

operations.

This

limit

is

variable

and

is

controlled

by

security.

5.

Verify

the

validity

of

resync

before

releasing

the

circuit

for

data

operation.

6.

Prohibit

the

transmission

of

data

into

or

out

of

the

KG-13

equipment.

7.

Give

an

indication

whenever

a

resync

operation

is in

progress.

1

1

April

1963

63

-m-

,146/uuu/uO

The

Auto-Resync

is

considered

to

be

in

its

Operate

mode

when

it is in a

quiescent

state

(the

ED-13

is in

a

Transmit

mode.)

On

command,

the

Auto-

Resync

will

be

switched

into

a

Resynchronization

mode

or

to

an

Alarm

Check

mode.

After

performing

the

functions

necessary

to

satisfy

the

conditions

that

may

exist,

it

will,

if

possible,

revert

back

to

the

Operate

mode.

Should

it

fail

to

obtain a

resync

condition,

an

alarm

will

be

given,

via

the

CCC,

to

the

cryptographic operator

and

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

1

April

1963

64

TK-

3146/ooo/oo

3°0

TRACKNG

FUNCTIONAL

DESCRIPTION

3o1

GENERAL

Tracking

stations

are

the

sensing

elements

of

the

SCFo

All

satellite

data

enter

the

data

processing

system

at

the

STC

through

the

tracking

stations.

Data

transfer

between

the

STC

and

a

tracking

station

is

effected

by

a

CDC

160A

Bird

Buffer

computer

at

the

STC

and

the

two

CDC

160A

computers

at

the

tracking

station,

via

the

12CO-bps

line.

One

of

the

two

CDC

160A

computers

at

the

tracking

station

processes

all

tracking

data;

it is

called

the

Tracking

and

Command

(T&C)

computer.

The

other

CDC

160A

processes

telemetry

data.

There

are

two

modes

of

operation

by which

the

Bird

Buffer

interacts

with

a

T&C

computer.

One mode,

called

the

Satellite-Contact

mode,

provides

real-time

support

for

a

satellite.

The

other

mode,

the

Non-Satellite-Contact

mode,

effects

such

non-real-time

functions

as

transmitting-antenna-pointing

information,

inter

changing

administrative

messages,

and

forwarding schedule

information.

Both

modes

of

operation

are

used

in

the

tracking

function.

3.2

PREPASS

MESSAGE

A

few

hours

prior

to

an

exoected

station

contact

with

a

particular

satellite,

an

acquisition

message

is

sent

from

the

STC

to

the

T&C

computer

at

the

tracking

station.

This

message

will

have

been

generated

by

a

1604

computer

at

the

STC,

using

all

available

known

and

calculated

orbital

information

on

6

the

particular

vehicle

to

be

tracked.

These

data

are

then passed

to

a

Bird

Baffer

vla

the

1615

tape

unit

and

are sent

to

the

tracking

station

during

operation

in

the

Non-Satellite-Contact

mode. At

the

tracking

station,

the

acquisition

message

is

stored

in

the

magnetic

tape

memory

of

the

T&C

computer.

This

message

specifies

the

tracking

and

telemetry

antennas

to

be

used,

and

the

antenna

driving

information,

which

consists

of

azimuth,

elevation,

and

range

in

local

coordinates

for

successive equal-time

intervals

over

the

duration

of

the

pass.

In

addition

to

the

prepass

acquisition

message,

an

administrative

message

is

sent,

which

specifies

the passes

or

portions

of

passes

during

which

the

station

for

each

pass

is

specified,

including

the

number

of

the

pre-wired

patchboard

that

will

be

used

and

the

manual

switch

actions

that

are

to

be

taken.

3.-3

ACQUISITION

Five

minutes

before

the

scheduled

time

for

the

first

pass,

the

SOC

operator

at

the

tracking

station

will

switch

the

slave-data

message

from

the

tracking

computer

to

the

slave-data

bus.

These

data

position

the tracking

radar

antenna

in

azimuth,

elevation,

and

time

to

the

predicted

acquisition

point

for

the

vehicle.

They

also

stert

the

raster

scan

in

a

search

for

radar-return

signals

from

the

vehicle.

If

acquisition

is

not

made

at

the

acquisition

6!

1

ApIr

1963

64

x-1iJ46/uuu/oo

3°0

TRACKING

FUNCTIONAL

DESCRIPTION

3o1

GENERAL

Tracking

stations

are

the

sensing

elements

of

the

SCF.

All

satellite

data

enter

the

data

processing

system

at

the

STC

through

the

tracking

stations.

Data

transfer

between

the

STC

aud

a

tracking

station

is

effected

by

a

CDC

160A

Bird

Buffer

computer

at

the

STC

and

the

two

CDC

160A

comuters

at

the

tracking

station,

via

the

1200-bps

line.

One

of

the

two

CDC

160A

computers

at

the

tracking

station

processes

all

tracking

data;

it is

called

the

Tracking

and

Command

(T&C)

computer.

The

other

CDC

160A

processes

telemetry

data.

There

are

two

modes

of

operation

by

which

the

Bird

Buffer

interacts

with

a

T&C

computer.

One mode,

called

the

Satellite-Contact

mode,

provides

real-time

support

for

a

satellite,

The

other

mode,

the

Non-Satellite-Contact

mode,

effects

such

non-real-time

functions

as

transmitting-antenna-pointing

information,

inter

changing

administrative

messages,

and

forwarding

schedule

information.

Both

modes

of

operation

are

used

in

the

tracking

function.

3.2

PREPASS

MESSAGE

A

few

hours

prior

to

an

expected

station

contact

with

a

particular

satellite,

an

acqujisition

message

is

sent

from

the

STC

to

the

T&C

computer

at

the

tracking

station.

This

message

will

have

been

generated

by

a

1604

computer

at

the

STO,

using

all

available

kniown

and

calculated

orbital

information

on

0

the

particular

vehicle

to

be

tracked.

These

data

are

then

passed

to

a

Bird

Buffer

via

the

1615

tape

unit

and

are sent

to

the

tracking

station

during

operation

in

the

Non-Satellite-Contact

mode.

At

the

tracking

station,

the

acquisition

message

is

stored

in

the

magnetic

tape

memory

of

the

T&C

computer.

This

message

specifies

the

tracking

and

telemetry

antennas

to

be

used,

and

the

antenna

driving

information,

which

consists

of

azimuth,

elevation,

and

range

in

:Local

coordinates

for

successive

equal-time

intervals

over

the

duration

of

the

pass.

In

addition

to

the

prepass

acquisition

message,

an

administrative

message

is

sent,

which

specifies

the

passes

or

portions

of

passes

during

which

the

station for

each

pass

is

specified,

including

the

number

of

the

pre-wired

patchboard

that

will

be

used

and

the

manual

switch

actions

that

are

to

be

taken.

3.o3

ACQUISITION

Five

minutes

before

the

scheduled time

for

the

first

pass,

the

SOC

operator

at

the tracking

station will

switch

the

slave-data

message

from

the

tracking

computer

to

the

slave-data

bus.

These

data

position

the

tracking

radar

antenna

in

azimath,

elevation,

and

time

to

the

predicted

acquisition

point

for

the

vehicle,

They

also

start

the

raster

scan

in a

search

for

radar-return

signals

from

the

vehicle.

If

acquisition

is

not

made

at

the

acquisition

6

1

April

1963

65

TM.1146/O00/00

point

at

the

predicted

time,

the

tracking

radar

follows

the predicted

orbit,

and

continues the

raster

scan

about

the

predicted point,

until

the

vehicle

is

acquired.

During

acquisition,

the

error

developed

by

the

raster

scan

is

driven

to

zero

by

the

servo loop of

the

tracking

radar,

which

signifies

that

the

antenna

is

pointed

at

the

vehicle.

When

this

stage

is

reached,

the

track-

radar

"locks-on"

to

the

vehicle,

the predicted

acquisition

data

are

removed

from

the

slave-data

bus,

and

the

tracking

radar

begins

to

supply

the

antenna

driving

information

for

the

slave-data

bus.

For

a

period

of

five

minutes

after

acquisisti.on,

the

tracking data

will

be

compared

with

the

predicted

data

from

the

acquisition

message

by

the

tracking

computer.

The

results

of

this

comparison

are

available

only

at

the

tracking

station

and

enable

the

operator

to

determine

whether

the

actual

tracking

data

and

the

predicted

data

are

in

agreement..

If

they

are

not,

he

must

determine

whether

the

fault

is

local

with

the

tracking

radar

or

whether

inaccurate

acquisition

data

were

furnished

by

the

STC.

In

the

former case,

local

correction

is

made;

in

the

latter

case,

the

STC

is

notified

of

the

error

by

means

of

an

administrative

communication

channel

(telephone or

teletype).

3.

h

TRACK

HISTORY

Digitally

coded

tracking

data,

taken

from

the

tracking

radar

and

one

telemetry

tracker,

are

stored

in

the

tracking

computer.

There,

the

data

are

compressed

and

sent

to

the

STC

in

close-to-real

time.

These

data

are

not

printed

out

at

the

Bird

Buffer

but

are

passed

to

the

1615

tape

units

for

storage,

where

they

are

available

for the

1604

orbit

determination

program.

This

program

fits

tracking

data

from

various

tracking

stations

together

to

find

and

update

the

vehicle

ephemeris

for

the

preparation

of

acquisition

messages.

i

April

1963

66

0M41U46/000/00

4.O

TELE4ETRY

FUNCTIONAL

DESCRIPTION

4.1

G(MERAL

It is

of

vital

importance

to

the

satellite

research

and

development programs

serviced

by

the

Augmented

SCF

that

adequate

and

reliable

telemetry processing

facilities

be

available.

The

Augmented

SCF

is

designed

to

provide

these

facilities

with

a

degree

of

flexibility

and

automation

not

hitherto

obtainable.

A

unique

feature

of

the

Augmentation

program

is

that

selected

telemetry

data

received

from

the

satellite

vehicle

are

processed

in

real

time

and

displayed

in

the

proper

engineering

units

to

the

Test

Controllers,

at

the

same

time

that

the

reported

events

in

the vehicle

are

actually

taking

place.

This

is a

decided

advantage

to

the

technical

personnel

directing

the

various

programs.

The

capability

exists

to

change

the

parameters of

a

processing

algorithm

or

to

zhange

the

whole

telemetry

mode

during

a

pass;

however,

the

latter

change

occasions

the

loss

of

some

data

during

the

time

the

new

program

is

being

read

into

the

processing

computer.

Telemetry

operations

are

under

the

control

of

the

Test

Controllers

at

the

STC

and

the

need

for

the

relaying

of

informa-

tion

by

telephone

from

the

tracking

stations

to

the

STC

is

reserved

for

emergency

equipment

failures

or

unusual.

situations.

4.2

TEI2MERY

PROCESSING

OUrPUTS

The

STC

provides

telemetry

processing

instructions

to

the

TIM

160A

computer

at

the

tracking

station

and

provides

printout

format

instructions

with

conversion

units

to

the

Bird Buffer.

The

tracking

station

receives

telemetry

processing

inputs

from

the

prepass

module,

SPREP,

at

the

STC

in

the

form

of

instructions

on

which

telemetry

points

are

to

be

processed,

what

algorithms

are

to

be

used

with

each

telemetry

point,

and

other

telemetry

processing

information.

'Me

Bird Buffer

receives telemetry

data

inputs

from

the

tracking

ý+-tion

and

receives

processing

instructions

from

the

1604

pertaining

to

the

printer

formats

and

conversion

routines

to

be

used.

Outputs

to

the

tracking

station

and

the

remote

printers

are

provided

by

the

STC

during

the

following

operational

modes:

1.

Preflight

mode.

2.

Prepass

mode.

3.

Real

Time

Telemetry

Processing

mode.

4.21.

Preflight

Mode.

During

the

Preflight

mode,

the

1604

(or

an

off-

line

computer)

generates,

from

punched-card

input,

a

library

tape

containing

files

of

mode-specific

information.

A

mode

is

defined

as

a

specification

to

the

tracking

station

of

the

following

telemetry

information:

1

April

1963

67

2l4-1146/OOO/OO

1.

Selection

of

the

ground

station

patchboard.

2.

Number

of

TIM

link.

3.

Processing

priority.

4.

Format

for

transmission

on

the

1200-bps

line.

5.

Algorithms

to

be

used.

6.

Scanner

&

Digitizer

patchboard

parameters.

During

the

Preflight

mode.

the

conversion

routines

and

remote

printer

formats

are

specified

to

the

TIM

Processing

mcdule.

Each

flight

may

have

several

modes

because

the

telemetry

parameters,

algorithms,

and

sampling

rates

may

change

from

pass

to

pass.

Telemetry

information

con-

taining

the

mode-specific

information

generated during

preflight

by

the

1604

program

would

be:

1.

Preflight

TIM

messages

for

each

station.

Information

for

all

modes

of

the

satellite.

2.

Scanner

&

Digitizer

wiring

instructions

for

all

modes.

3.

Conversion

and

printer

tables

for

the

TIM

Processing

module

at

the

STC.

Upon

request, the

Bird

Buffer

transmits

the

telemetry

processing

information,

previously

stored

on

the

Prepass

Tape

by

SPREP,

to

the

tracking

station

TIM

160A.

The

tracking

station

then

performs

the

necessary

functions,

as

instruct-

ed

by

the

preflight

telemetry

processing

information.

The

T1M

160A

has

available

the

necessary

information

for

processing

the

telemetry

data

for

all

modes

of

the

flight.

Conversion

instructions

and

printer

formats

for

each

mode

are

available

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

4.2.2

Prepass

Mode.

A

card input

to

the Bird

Buffer

specifies

to

the

tracking

station

what

mode

to

use

before

each

pass

and

generates

a

mode

selection

message.

Upon

confirmation

from

the

TIM

16OA

at

the

tracking

station

that

it is

prepared

to

operate

in

the

correct

mode,

the

STC

Prepass

module

reads

into

core

the

appropriate

mode-specific

data

for

the

remote

printer

format

and

conversion

units.

4.2.3

Real

Time

Telemetry

Processing

Mode.

During

a

pgss,

the

TIM

160A

transmits

to

the

Bird

Buffer

three

types

of

FM/FM

telemetry:

(1)

"Fixed

Format"

Telemetry

Parameters,

(2)

"Event"

Telemetry

Parameters,

and

(3)

Status

and

Alarm

Messages.

1

April

1963

68

TM-1146/000/00

"Fixed

Format"

Telemetry

parameters

are

printed

out

once

every

second

and

occupy

a

fixed

position

in

the

printer

format.

"Event"

telemetry

parameters

are

printed

out

as

they

occur

and

are

identified

as

to

the

parameter

name

or

number

and

the

time

at

which

the

event occurred.

Status

and

Alarm

Messages

are

printed

out

as

they

occur

and

are

printed

out

in

the

same

area

of

the

printer

formats

as

"Event"

type parameters.

During

real

time,

it is

possible

to

change

the

parameters

of

algorithms

being

processed

at

the

tracking

station

TIM

160A

by

a

card

input

to the

Bird

Buffer.

Details

of

the

telemetry

processing

instructions

sent

by

the

Bird

Buffer

to

the

tracking

station,

and

the

telemetry

processing

and

formatting

at

the

Bird Buffer,

are

discussed

in

Reference

4.

4.3

TELEMETRY

MODULES AT

THE

STC

The

Prepass

module,

SPREP,

keeps

an

updated

prepass

tape of

telemetry

process-

ing

tables

and

telemetry

mode

information.

SPREP.

upon

request,

sends

the

prepass

telemetry processing

data

to

the

tracking

station.

If a

change

In

telemetry

selection

is

requested

during

bird

contact,

SPREP

reads

in

the

appropriate

telemetry

processing

tables

from

the

first

files

of

the prepass

tape.

The

telemetry

processing

tables

needed

for

bird

contact

are

located

in

the

first

files

to

minimize

tape

search.

SPREP

obtains

its

telemetry

information

for

its

prepass

tape

from

either

the

1604

computer

or

through

manual

inputs.

The

telemetry

processing

tables

and

telemetry

mode

information

messages,

which

are

not pass

specific,

are

made

up by

a

1604

program

preflight

and

stored

on

the prepass

tape

by

SPREP.

New

modes

should

be

carefully

validated

before they

are

used,

however,

The

Telemetry

Processing

module,

STEPP,

generates

a

table

of

instructions

describing the

printer

format

and

conversions

to

be

used

by

the

Bird

Buffer.

STEPP

accepts

Lelemetry

data

from

the

tracking

station,

performs

the

necessary

conversions,

and

prepares

specific

telemetry

parameters

for printout

on

the

166

printers.

4.

4

DATA

FLOW

AT

THE

TRACKING

STATION

A

block

diagram

of

the

FM/FM

Ground

Station

used

with

Augmented

SCF

tracking

stations

is

shown

in

Figure

10.

Outputs

from

other

telemetry

sources

(GP-l's

and

PCM)

are

shown

as

inputs

to

the

Switching

Matrix.

Telemetry

signals

transmitted

from

the

satellite

are

received

by

the

TIM

antenna,

pass

through

the

pre-amp

and

multicoupler,

and

are

sent

to

the

FM

receivers.

The

multi-

coupler

provides

an

r-f

composite

signal

of

all

TIM

links

to

usually

four

FM

receivers.

II

•1

April

69

TM-

146/0O00/O0

(Page

70

blank)

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1

April

1963

71

TM-1146/000/00

The

outputs

of

the

FM

receivers

are

then

routed

simultaneously

to

the

7-track

analog

tape

recorders

and

the

18

subcarrier

discriminators

(SCD's).

Four

tracks

of

the

analog

tape

recorder

are

used

for

recording

the

outputs

of

the

FM

receivers

(one

to

each

track),

while

the

other

three tracks

are

used

for

system

time,

reference

signals,

receiver

signal

strengths,

and

voice.

The

outputs

of

the

SCD's

are

fed

to

a

patchboard,

where

two

commutated

channels

selec•ted

from

the

SCD's

are

routed

to

two

decommutators.

Each

decommutator

has

the

capability

of

decommutating

30

data

points

from

each

commutated

channel.

A

total

of

64

data

pointb

are

fed

into

the

Scanner

&

Digitizer

through

the

TIM

patchboard.

The

64

data

noints

consist

of

outputs

from

the

rwc

decommutators,

the

continuous channels

the

-eceiver

signal

strength

lock-

on

indicators,

and

other

analog

function

The

64

analog

inputs

can

be

sampled

at

a maximum

rate

of

25

kc

and

a

minimum

rate

of

5

cps.

The

digitized

outputs

cf

the

Scanner

&

Digitizer

(8-bit

words)

can

be

fed

into

the

Switching

Matrix

together

with

three

digitized

inputs

from

the

two

GP-l's

and

PCM

equipment.

The

Switching

Matrix

manual

patchboard

outputs

two

of

the four

inputs

to

the

Computer

Select

Unit

(CSU).

The

TI24

160A.

which

controls the

CSU,

selects

one

of

the

two

telemetry

inputs

to

the

CSU

for

processing.

The

telemetry

data

are processed,

compressed,

and

formatted

by

the

tracking

station

general-

purpose

telemetry

program,

TIMOP.

Information

concerning

the

data

points

to

be

processed. the

specific

algorithms

associated

with

each

data

point,

the

sampiing

rates

to

be

used,

and

other telemetry

processing

is

sent,

duriLI6

the

preflight,

prepass,

and

real-time

telemetry-processing

modes,

from

the

STC

Bird

Buffer

by

the

Prepass

module,

SPREP.

The

outputs

of

the

TIM

160A

computer

(and

the

T&C

16CA)

are

controlled

by

the

Computer

Communication

Converter

(CCC).

Outputs of

the

CCC

are

passed

through

the

KG-.13,

MODEM,

and

then

to

the

STC

over

the

1200-bits/sec

communicatl

on

lines.

4,

5

DATA

FLOW

AT

THE

STC

At

the

STC.

data

from

the

tracking

station

pass

through

the

MODEM

and

the

&(1,-13:,

and

are

received

by

the

CCC

and

transferred

to

tho

Bird

Buffer.

At

the

Bird

Buffer,

the

Telemetry

Processing

module,

STEPP,

converts

the

telemetry

data

to

the

desired

engineering

units

and

outputs

preselected

data

points

on

the

various

remote

printers.

4.

6

TELEME'RY

OPERATIONAL

PROGRAM

(Ti-IOP)

TLMOP

is a

general-purpose

operational

program

for

processing, formatting,

and

controlling

the

transmission

of

telemetry

data

at

the

tracking

staticns.

TI40P

is, in

general,

non

satellite-specific

and

can

process

each

type

of

data

processed

by

the

Telemetry

Data

Processor

(TDP).

1

April

1963

72 TM-1146/Ooo/Oo

TIMOP

operates

in

prepass,

pass,

and

postpass

functions.

The

prepass

function

is

used

to

receive

and

process prepass

instructions

from

the

STC

during

the

Bird

Buffer's

p

reflight

and

prepass

modes.

The

instructions

contain

informa-

tion

concerning

telemetry

processing,

as

specified

by

the

STC

Prepass

module,

SPREP.

The

tracking

station

prepass

program

stores

and

prints

out,

upon

direction,

prepass

messages

for

each

vehicle.

This

printout

could

include

a

schedule

of

all

vehicles

and

ETA's

contained

in

the

prepass

message.

During

the

pass

function,

which

corresponds

to the

Bird

Buffer's

real-time

telemetry

mode,

TIMOP

accepts

digital

telemetry

data

from

any

one

of

four

sources

(TDP,

two

GP-l's,

or

PCM)

and

processes

these

data

in

accordance

with

instructions

from

the

STC. TIMOP,

during

the

pass

function,

supplies

a

system-time

code

word

(STCW)

and

the

compressed

telemetry

data to

the

STC.

The

following

functions

are

accomplished

in

the telemetry

processing

by

TIMOP:

1.

Reasonableness

checks

of

telemetry

data.

2.

Smoothing

calibration

points

and

normalization

of

data,

if

required.

3.

Compression

of

acceptable

data

and

reporting

of

step

function

levels,

periodic

time

tagged

data-point

values,

time-tagged

data-point

minimum/maximum

values,

time

of

event,

and

other

functions

as

required.

The

STC

can

request

TIMOP

to

process

different

telemetry

points

and

to

use

different

algorithms

during

a

pass.

TU4OP

can

detect

a command

verification

in

the

digital

telemetry

input

to

the

TIM

160A.

TIMOP

transmits

this

infor-

mation

to

the

STC

and

prints

it

on

a

166

printer

at

the

tracking

-tation.

Command

verification

information

may

also

be

transmitted

to

the

T&C

160A,

if

required.

The

data

for

the

postpass

program

are obtained

from

either

digital

or

analog

tapes

recorded

during

the

pass

function

and

are

transmitted

to

the

STC

during

the

Bird

Buffer's

Real-Time

mode.

The

STCW

on

the

tape

corresponds

to

the

system time

when

the

data

were

recorded.

The

tracking

station

con-

figuration

and

telemetry

processing information

during

postpass

is

the

same

as

that

specified

during

the

pass

function.

If

desired,

telemetry

data

can

be

displayed

on

a

166

printer

without

transmission

to

the

STC.

1

April

1963

73

Tm-li46/ooo/oo

5.0

COMMANDING

FUNCTIONAL

DESCRIPTION

5o1

GEERAL

The

ability

to

control

the

functions

of

a

satellite

vehicle

and

its

payload

is

just

as

important

as

the

ability

to

acquire

and

track

it.

Control

of

a

satellite

depends

upon

the

ability

to

establish

two-way

communication

with

it

while

it is in

orbit.

T.o-way

communication

is

necessary

to

allow

the

Test

uontruotev

Vo

oend

h.16

.....

=d:.

to

the

sIatlite

and

to verify

that

they

have

been

received

and

executed.

The

requirements

for

cammanding

a

satellite

vary

with

the

type of

satellite

and

its

mission.

The

means

of

accomplishing

the

command

function

vary

accordingly.

In

general,

commands

are

transmitted

to

satellite

systems

to

perform

the

following

types

of

functions:

1.

Set

or

reset

a

Fairchild

timer

and

shorten

or

lengthen

timer

periods.

(The

Fairchild

timer

turns

equipment

in

the

satellite

on

or

off

at

predetermined

times.)

2.

Send

Stored

Program

Commands

(SPC's)

to

turn

equipment

on

or

off

at

the

proper

time.

3.

Turn

beacons,

payload,

or

telemetry

systems

on

or

off

with

Real

Time

Commands

(RTC's).

4.

Adjust

or

calibrate

internal

systems;

initiate

special

events

such

as

engine

ignition,

separation,

or

recovery.

Different

techniques are

used

to

modulate

the

various

transmitters

used

for

commanding

in

order

to

effect

the transmission

of

commands

to

the

satellites.

These

are

explained

in

detail

in

Reference

3.

There

are

two

main

types

of

command

systems

that

are

of

interest:

analog

systems

and

digital

systems.

The

analog

systems

utilize

a

three-pulse-group

transmission,

with

command

information

carried

by

time

modulation

of

the

center

pulse.

(See

Figure

11.)

The

digital

systems

use

various

forms

of

modulation,

such

as

tone

or

pulse

spacing,

to

send

a

"one"

or

"zero"

each

time

a

pulse-code

group

is

transmitted.

A

succession of

these

binary

bits

form

digital-command

words, which

the

logic

in

the

satellite

command

package

translates

into

relay

closures

at

specific

times.

Two

different

equipments

are

used

for

communicating

coands

from

tracking

stations

to

satellites.

One is

S-band

(2.7-2.9

Kmc)

command

equipment

used

with

the

Verlort

and

Prelort

radar

antenna

systems.

The

other

is

the

UHF

(375-400

mc)

equipment

used

with

the

TIM-18

telemetry

antenna

system

and

the

Telemetry

and

Data

(T&D)

antenna

system.

1

April

1963

n-I146/ooo/oo

0t

UJ

t2 p3

I I

I

I

I I I iI

I I I I

-.t 3+t

t,

can

be

set

to

one

of

six

different intervals

and

is

used

as

the

code

address

for

a

particular

vehicle,

-h C.

will

not

respond

to

pulse

trains

ha-:ing

a

different

t,

interval.

Two

linearly

mixed

audio

tones

are

used

to

time-vary

the

position

of

pulse

P31

causing

it

to

vary

about

its

center

position

by

a

maximum

interval

of

ý t3.

p P2,

and

P3

represent

the

pulse

train

that

modulates

tU~e

transmitter.

It is

repeated

at

the

pulse

repetition

rate

of

the

transmitter

being

used

for

commanding.

Figure

11.

Analog

Pulse

Modulation

Scheme

0

1

April

1963

75

TM-U

2

46/000/00

There

are

two

different

modes

of

operation

for

both

Analog

and

Digital

commanding:

the

Manual

mode

and

the

Computer

Automatic

mode.

In

the

MAnual mode,

commands

are

initiated

by

operations

personnel

at

the

tracking

station

by

means

of

switch

actions

at

the

System

Operators

Console

(SOC).

In

the

Computer

Automatic

mode,

commands

are

automatically

provided

and

executed

by

the

•Thacking

and

Cm•'--u-nand

(T&C)

computer.

5°2

ANALOG

COMMAINDING--MANUAL

MODE

Four

submode

options

are

available

in

the

Manual

mode

of

the

Analog

Commanding

Syfstem:

Single,

Lcn.g,

Repetitive,and

Remote.

In

the

Single

submode,

the

operator

at

the

SOC

sets

a

rotary

switch

to

a

number

representing

one

out

of

a

total

of

fifteen

possible

commandso

He

then

closes

the

"Transmit"

switch.

The

Command

Logic

Equipment

(LUE)

translates

this

into

the

closure

of

two

relays

out

of

bank

of

six.

Each

relay

determines

a

different

audio tone

for

time-modulating

the

output

},ulses

of

the

transmitter

being

used

for

commanding

(Figure

11).

The

command

package

in

the

satellite

has

logic

circuitry

which

translates

the

two

tones

into

one

of

fifteen

different

commands.

Verification

that

the

proper

command

was

sent

from

the

tronsmitter

is

made

in

the

form

of

an

echo

check,

-This

echo check

is

derived

by

sampling

the

transmitted

radio

frequency

signal,

demodulating

it

to

recover

the

two

tone

modulating

signals,

and

ceverting

them

to

a

pair

of

relay

closures,

which

are

compared

with

the

original

re]

ay

closures

by

the

CLE.

If

the

original

command

stored

in

the

CLE

and

the

command

returned

from

the

radio

frequency

monitor

on

the

command

transmitter

are

in

agreement,

the

CLE

sends

an

"Echo

Check"

indicator

to

the

SOC

and

the

T&C

computer.

If

they

do

not

check,

a

"Command

Error"

indicator

will

be

sent

to

the

SOC

and

T&C

computer.

Further

commanding

through

the

CLE

will

be

prevented

until

the

"Error

Override"

switch

on

the

SOC

has

been

actuated.

Verification

that

the

satellite

has

received

the

correct

command is

made

in

the

following

way:

relays

in

the

satellite

that

are

actuated

by

the

command

signals

from

the

command

trans-

mitter

have

contacts

whi-ah

are

used

to

modulate

channels

in

the

space-

to-ground

telemetry

link;

these

channels

are

received

by

the

ground

equipment

and

demodulated

by

the

FM/FM

ground

station,

which

sends

two

relay

closures

to

the

CLE

for

verification;

the

CLE

compares

the

relay

closures

with

the

original

command-relay

closures

and

sends

an

indicator

to

the

SOC

and

the

T&C

computer

as

to

whether

the

command

was

received

correctly

or

was

in

error;

and

ditfplay

lamps

on

the

SOC,

which

are

similar

to

the

"Echo

Check"

displays,

indicate

the

status

of

the

command.

Additional

SOC

displays

derived

from

the

CLE

and

displayed

in

decimal

digit

format,

are:

(1)

Comm&.d

Number

Selected,

(2)

Command

Transmission

Count

(number

of

times

that

the

command

was

transmitted),

and

(3)

Vehicle

Verification

Count

(number

of

times

that

the

command

was

verified).

1

April

1963

76

24-

Ll6/ooo/oo

The

Long submode

of

the

manual

mode

permits

the

operator

of

the

SOC

to

continue

to

transmit

a command

as

long

as

he keeps

the

Transmit

push

button

depressed.

Otherwise,

the

functions

and

displays

are

similar

to

the

Single

submode.

Operation

in

the

Repetitive

Transmit

submode

allows

the

SOC

operator

to

select,

by

switch

action,

the

number

of

repetitions

with

verification

of

a

command

which

the

CLE

is

to

automatically

make.

The

CLE

will

repeat

the

whole

procedure

described

for

the

Single

submode

at

the

rate

of

one

command

repetition

for

each

two-second

interval

of

time.

When

the

command

repetition

number

is

reached,

the

command

transmission

will

stop.

The

SOC

operator

may

stop

the

repetitive

action

by

pressing

the

"Stop

Repetitive"

push

button.

If a

"Command

Error"

occurs

on

any

of

the

repetitions,

further

transmission

will

be

inhibited.

Transmission

of

the

remaining

command

repetitions

will

resume

when

the "Error

Override"

push

button

is

actuated.

All

other

functions

and

displays

are

the

same

as

for

the

Single

submode.

The

Remote

submode

is

identical

to

the

Single

and

Long

submodes,

except

that

command

control

will

be

executed

from

a

remote

console.

One

satellite

systemwhich

uses

a

special

console

and

special

logic

equipment

in

the

satellite,

is

able

to

handle

more

than

the

maximum

number

of

15

analog

commands.

This

is

accomplished

by

sending

a

sequence

of

three

tone-pair

combinations,

which

the

satellite

equipment

translates

into

a

single

command.

5.3

ANALOG

COMMANDING--COMPUTER

AUTOMATIC

MODE

In

the

Computer

Automatic

mode,

blocks

of

commands

are

stored

in

the

core

memory

of

the

T&C

computer.

These

blocks

are

made

up

of

RTC's

arranged

in

the

proper

order

for

transmission

to

the

satellite.

(See

Section

5.6

for

the description

of

how

these

commands

are

made

up

at

the

STC

and

transmitted

to

the

tracking

station

as

part

of

the

prepass

acquisition

message.)

The

SOC

operator,

by

pressing

the

"Computer

Auto

Command

Mode"

push

button,

places the

system

in

the

Computer

Automatic

mode.

A

switch

action

at

the

SOC

designates the

number

of

the

block

of

commands

to

be

sent

to

the

satellite

Actuation

of

the

"Transmit"

push

button

on

the

SOC

initiates

the

sending

of

the

entire

block of

commands

under

the

control

of

the

T&C

computer.

The

identification

of

each

co~mnd

sent,

plus

indications

of

echo

checks

completed

and

verifications

received

from

the

satellite,

will

be

displayed

at

the

SOC

in

the

same

manner

as

for

the

Manual

mode.

Also,

the

T&C

computer

will

make

the

usual

records

of

command

status.

Automatic

transmission

of

commands

will

be

inhibited

if

either

an

echo

check

or

vehicle

verification

check

fails,

and

an

alarm

display

will

be

activated

on

the

SOC.

Error

overrid

controls

are

available

on

the

SOC

to

permit

the

operator

to

restart

the

auto-

matic

command

sequence.

The

computer

command

program

may

be

stopped

by

nressing

the

"Computer

Auto

Stop" push

button

at

the

SOC.

It

can

be

restarted

by

pressing

the

"Transmit"

push

button.

Displays

on

the

SOC

indicate:

(1)

whe

the

appropriate

computer

command

program

has been

loaded

in

the

computer

and

i

1

April

1963

77

Ti-ll'i6/ooo/oo

ready

for

transmission;

(2)

when

the

computer

command

program

is in

progress,

transmitting

cosinands

to

the

satellite;

and

(3)

when

the

program

has

been

completed.

5.4

DIGITAL

COMMANDING

--

MANUAL

MODE

Digital

command

requires

more

extensive

use

of

the

T&C

computer

than

does

Analog

commanding. The

T&C

computer

maintains,

in its

memory

files,

a

repertoire

of

RTC' a

which

will

be

used

in

the

Digital

Manual

mode

of

commanding.

The

repertoire

of

commands

is

sent

to

the

T&C

computer,

initially,

as

part

of

the

command

portion

of

the

initial

prepass

message.

Subsequently,

the

reLoertoire

is

maintained

in

a

current

status

through

the

addition

or

deletion

of

commands

by

later

prepass

messages.

The

SOC

operator

can

call

up

a command

from

the

repertoire

by

setting

the

"Number

Select"

control

on

the

SOC

to

the

number

of

the

command

desired

and

pressing

the

"Transmit"

push

button.

The

T&C

computer,

in

response

to

the

switch

action,

provides

the

corresponding

digital-

command

word

to

the

CLE,

via

the

Input-Output

Buffer

(lOB),

serially

bit-by-bit,

on a

computer-interrupt

basis.

The

CLE

will

output

the

command,

serially

bit-by-bit,

to

the

modulating

equipment

of

the

command

transmitter.

The

transmitted signals

are

subject

to

an

echo

check,

made

by

the

computer,

which compares

the

echo

returns

from

the

command

transmitter,

bit-by-bit,

with

the

original

command

word

stored

in

computer

memory.

Echo

check

errors

will

be

displayed

on

the

SOC

and

recorded

by

the

T&C

computer.

In

the

satellite

command

package,

the received

command

word

will

be

checked

for

parity

and

checksum.

If

the

word

passes

this

combined

check,

the

command is

accepted

and

the

"accept"

channel

of

the

telemetry

package

is

used

to

send

a

"word

accept"

verification to

the

ground.

If

the

word

check

fails,

a

"word

reject"

notification

is

sent

to

the

ground

via

the

"reject"

channel

of

the

telemetry

package.

This

acceptance

or

rejection

of

the

command

by

the

satellite

will

be

displayed

on

the

SOC

and

will

be

available

to

the

computer

for

recording.

Additional

controls

and

displays

that

are

available

to

the

operator

of

the

SOC

are:

1.

Reject

Level

Select

Control--sets

the

number

of

times

a

command

will

be

automatically

repeated

when

not

verified.

2.

Reject

Level

Display--inlicates

the

level

selected

by

the

Reject

Level

Select

control.

3.

Reject

Count

Display--indicates

the

number

of

times

a

command

has

been

rejected.

4.

Command

Reject

Display--indicates

the

number

of

the

command

that

was

last

rejected

by

the

vehicle.

5.

Command

Verify

Display--indicates

the

number

of

the

command

that

was

last

accepted

by

the

vehicle.

6.

Spoof

Display--indicates

that

a

false

accept

or

reject

signal

1

April

1963 78

Tm-l146/ooo/oo

was

received

from

the

satellite

while

a

command

word

was

in

the

process

of

transmission.

7.

Repetitive

Number

Select

Control--

sets

the

number

of

times

a

command

will

be

transmitted

and

verified.

8.

Reject

Count

Clear

Control--sets

the

Reject

Level

Display

to

zero

and

allows

the

computer

to

resume

the

command

transmissions

that

were

inhibited

when

the

reject

level

was

reached.

Four

submode

options

are

available

in

the

Manual

mode

of

the

digital

commanding

system:

Single,

Repetitive,

Manual

Control

and

Display

Unit

(MCDU),

and

Remote.

In

the

Single

submode

of

operation,

a

command

will

be

transmitted

and

verified

only

once each

time

the

"Transmit"

switch

is

actuated

from

the

SOC.

If a

transmission

is

not

verified,

the

T&C

computer

will

retransmit

the

command

until

it is

accepted

by

the

satellite,

or

until

the

reject

level

set

by

the

Reject

Level

Select

Control

is

reached. Operation

of

the

Reject

Count

Clear

Control

on

the

SOC

will

allow

the

computer

to

resume

command

transmission

after

the

reject

level

has

been

reached.

In

the

Repetitive

submode

of

operation, the

SOC

operator

sets

the

Repetitive

Number

Select

Control

Switch

to

the

number

of

times

he

wants

a command to

be

repeated

and

verified

by

the

vehicle.

The

computer

will

continue

re-

transmitting

the

command

until

this

number

is

reached.

Other

controls

and

displays

are

the

same

as

for

the

Single

submode.

The

Remote

submode

enables

a

remote

console

to

assume

command

control.

Only

the

Single

submode

type of

operation

previously described

is

allowed

from

the

remote

console.

These

controls

and

displays,

identical

to

those

on

the

SOC,

will

be

provided

to

the

remote

console:

Command

Number

Select

Switches,

Transmit

Switch,

Error

Override

Switch,

Reject

Override

Switch,

Command

Verification

Display,

Command

Echo

Check

Error

Display~and

Command

Reject

Display.

The

status

of

the

remote

console

will

be

indicated

on

the

SOC

by

three

displays:

the

Remote

Command

Ready,

the

Remote

Command

in

Progress,

and

the

Remote

Command

Complete.

The

MCDU

submode

makes

provision

for

transferring

command

control

to

the

MCDU

console

(G.E.

702).

A

digital

command,

selected

from

one

of

six

command

switches

on

the

MCDU

console,

will

be

transferred

to

an

encryptor

keyboard,

a

security

classified

device

in

the

CLE.

The

keyboard

will

trans-

late

the

switch

closure

to

a

7-bit

command,

which

will

be

provided

in

parallel

to

the

computer

via

the

IOB.

The

computer

will

store

the

Command

in

core

memory

and

then

proceed

to

output

the

command

to

the

CLE,

serially

bit-by-bitat

the

synch

PRF

rate

of

the

command

transmitter.

Echo

check

on

the

transmitted

command

words

will

be

handled

in

the usual

manner.

The

1

April

1963

T9

TM-IIa6/Ooo/OO

command

selection

made

by

the

MIDU

operator

will

be

made

available to

the

T&C

computer

for

recording.

Two

displays

on

the

SOC

will

notify

the

SOC

operator

of

the

status

of

the

MCDU

console;

the

MCDU

Ready

and

MCDU

Complete.

.5.5

DIGITAL

COMMAN

DING--

COMPUTER

AUTOMATIC

MODE

In

the

C-mputer

Automatic

mode,

command

control

is

transferred

from

the

SOC

to

the

T&C

co.mputer

for the

transmission

of

a

block

of

commands. The

block

of

commands

may

consist

of

RTC's

and

SPC's

(see

Section

5.6).

Once

the

SOC

operator

has

set

the

"Command

Block

Number"

switch

to

the

proper

command

block

number,

and

pushed

the

"Transmit"

push

button,

the

T&C

comnuter

proceeds

to

send

the

entire

block

of

commands

to

the

CLE

Y

n

proper

sequence

for

transmission

to

the

satellite.

Echo

check

and

verifics~io"

-re

wie

same

as

for

the

Manual

mode.

Automatic

transmission

wil]

cease

if

verification

in

not

obtained

prior

to

reaching

the

present

reject

level.

The

SOC

has

override

controls

available

for

both

echo

check

errors

and

vehicle

word

rejects.

Manual

override

controls

permit

the

computer

to

retransmit

or

proceed

to

the

next

command

word

w4hen

the

computer

command

sequence

has stopped

because

of

an

echo

check

error

and

verification,

or

when

a

word

reject

is

received,

or

if

the

word

reject

I

vel

has

been

attained.

5.6

STORED

PROGRAM

C41MM.NDS

A

satellite-specific

command

program

for

each

satellite

system

is

available

in

the

computer

library

to

enable

a

1604

computer

to

prepare

command

messages

for

transmittal

to

the

tracking

stations.

The

programs

format

real

time

commands

(RTC's'

and

stored

program

commands

(SPC's)

in

response

to

command

requests

Initiated

by

operations

personnel

via

the

088

nard

reader,

the

350

paper

tape

reader,

or

magnetic

tape

input.

They

determine

auxiliary

real-

time

commands

(ATC)

to

conurol

the

?Kirchild

timer

operationas

required

by

some

satelitte

systems.

They

also

establish

the

relationship

between

vehicle

and

system

time,

and

determine

delay

line

assignments

for

storage

of

SPC's

in

the

satellite

memory.

Some

time

prior

to

the

predicted

time

of

a

particular

pass,

the

Test

Con-

troller,

in

preparation

for the

impending

satellite

operation,

makes

up

his

command

requirements

on

data

cards,

wnich

are

read

into

a

1604

computer

via

the

IBM

088

;ard reader.

The

1604

then

makes

the

necessary

computations

to

compile

a

command

list

that

satisfies

the

Test

Controller's

requirements.

A

printout

of

the

command

listwith

execution times

and

other

pertinent

data,is

furnished

to

the

Test

Controller

by means

of

the

1612

printer.

The

Test

Controller

checks

this

command

list

and

inserts

such

corrections

as

are

necessary

via

the

088

ward

reader.

The

1604

then

makes

up

a

command

message

in

the

proper

format

for

transmission

to

the

tracking

station.

This

message

is

stored

in a

1615

tape

unit

with

the

rest

of

the

prepass

acquisition

message,

which

consists

of

commands,

schedules,

telemetry

mode

processing

parameters,

and

antenna

pointing

data.

Figure

12 is a

simplified

1

April

1963

80

TM-

116/0

0

0/oo

schematic

of

the

inputs

to

and

outputs

from

the

1604

during

this

operation.

When

the

Computer

Switching

and

Cross

Connect

Unit

(CSCCU),

under

control

of

the

Switch

Control

computer,

connects

the

1604

computer

to

a

160A

Bird

Buffer

through

the

1615

tape

unit.

the

acquisition

message

is

transferred

to

the

Bird

Buffer

in

the

sequence

of

events

described

below

and

illustrated

in

Figure

13.

The

Test

Controller

inserts

a

function

card

into

the

CDC-167

Card

Reader

associated

with

the

Bird

Buffer.

The

Bird Buffer

will

test

the

1604

commu-

nication

flag

to

determine

if

the

1604

can be

interrupted.

(The

1604

cannot

be

interrupted

by

the

Bird

Buffer

while

it is

engaged

in

another

operation.)

If

the

communication

flag

indicates

the

1604

cannot

be

interrupted,

the

Bird

Buffer

will

print

a

message

telling

the

Bird

Buffer

operator

that

it is

going

into

a

loop

until

the

1604

becomes

available,

and

what

jump

action

shoula

be

taken

to

abort

the

attempt.

It

will

then

enter

a

tight

loop,

continually

testing

the

communication

flag

and

the

jump

switch.

If

the

flag

is

cleared

while

the

Bird

Buffer

is in

the

loop,

it

will

notify the

operator

that

the

transfer

is

starting

and

will

interrupt

the

1604.

If

the

jump

switch

action

is

taken

before the

flag

is

cleared,

the

attempt

to

communicate

will

be

aborted,

and can

be

initiated

only

by

another

card

input

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

The

flag

will

be

cleared

for

a

three

second

interval

at

least

once

between

successive

1604

functions

to

allow

interrupt

by

the

Bird

Buffer.

If

commu-

nication

with the

1604

in

real

time

is

anticipated,

the

1604

can

be

put

into

an

idle

loop

by

means

of

a

function

card

inserted

by

the

1604

operator,

and

it

will

then

"wait"

for

an

interrupt

from

the

Bird

Buffer.

When

the

.1604

is

free

it

will

act

on

the

interrupt

and

initiate

the

transfer.

When

ready;

the

1604

reads the

first

message

(64

words)

of

the

prepass

message

into

core

and

starts

a

core-to-core

transfer

from

the

1604

to

the

Bird

Buffer

by

means

of

1615

tape

unit

operating

in

the

satellite

mode.

Verification

of

the

message

transfer will

be

made

for

each

message

before

proceeding

with

the

next

message.

Although

the

complete

prepass

message

is

checked

for

parity

and

checksum

errors,

the

command

portion

of

the

message

will,

in

addition,

be

subjected

to

a

bit-by-bit

comparison

between

the

message

trans-

mitted

to

the

Bird

Buffer

from

the

1604 and

the

same

message

returned

to

the

1604

from

the

Bird

Buffer

for

verification.

The

comparison

is

done

by

a

1604

program which,

when

it

detects

an

error,

will

retransmit

the

message

until

bit-by-bit

correspondence

is

achieved.

The

1604

then

sends

a

verification

message

to

the

Bird

Buffer,

which

requests the

next

block

from

the

1604.

This

procedure

is

continued

until

the

complete

verified

command

message

is

trans-

ferred

to

the

Bird

Buffer

core.

The

Bird

Buffer

now

transfers

the

prepass

message

to

tape

storage

(163).

It is

read

back

into

core

from

tape

storage

and

verified

in

the

same

manner

as

was

the

original

transfer

from

the

1604

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

After

verification,

the

prepass

message

is

held

in

the

magnetic

tape

unit

until

time

to

transfer

it

to

the

tracking

station.

At

this

point,

the

1604

is

through

with

this

particular

message

and

all

further

handling

and

verification

will

be

accomplished

by

the

Bird Buffer.

The

capability

also

exists

to

read

prepass information

directly

into

the

Bird

Buffer

command

files

from

6I

1

April

1963

81

m-]3.16/ooo/Oo

Card

Reader

088

1615

A~o4

F

Preneter

16a

Figure

12.

Command

Message

Preparation--Inputs

and

Outputs

1

April

1a63

32

u4-

6/o0o/0o

'(i)

.167-2

Card

Reader

(2)

_

i60A

(3)

Bird

(4)

1604

Buffer

Computer

Computer

_ _(_5_)

(6)

(7)

(8)

E163-

4

S(9)

1.

Initiate

request

for

prepass

acquisition

message.

2.

Interrupt

and

request

for

data.

3-4

Read

command

message

into

core

from

magnetic

tape.

5.

Transmit

command

message from

1604

to

160A.

6.

Transmit

command

message

from

160A

to

1604

for

bit-by-bit

verification.

7.

"Command

message

correct"

verification.

8-9.

Store

and

verify

message

in

163

tape

unit

for

future

transmission

to

tracking

station.

Figure

13.

Transfer

of

Command

Message

from

the

1604

to

the Bird

Buffer

1

April

1963

83

TM-l

1

6/1000/00

cards.

Certain "vehicle

specific"

commands,

which

need

to

be

available

at

the

tracking

station

for

every pass

over

the

station, will

be

sent

only

once

to

the

station,

and

will

not

be

included

in

the

prepass

message

for

each

pass.

A

short

time

before

a

tracking

station

is

scheduled

to

contact

a

satellite,

the

switch

control

computer

at

the

STC

will

connect

the

Bird

Buffer

to

the

computer

at

the

tracking

station

by

means

of

the

Communication

Data

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit

(CDSCCU).

The

operation

of

transmitting

thc prepass

acquisition

message

is

initiated

manually

by

operations personnel

at

the

tracking

station

by

causing

the

two

160A

computers

at

the

tracking

station

to

send

a

"Real

Time

Near"

message

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

This

is

done

about

ten

minutes

before

the

expected

acquisition

time

of

a

satellite

pass.

Trans-

mission

of

the

prepass

message

may

also

be

initiated

at

the

Bird

Buffer

by

means

of

a

function

card.

Additional

data

may

be manually

appended

to the

command

message

at

this

time.

Transmission

and

verification

of

the

command

part

of

the

prepass

message

from

the

Bird

Buffer

to

the

T&C

computer

at

the

tracking

station

is

handled

in a

manner

similar

to

its

transmission

and

verification

from

Lhe

1604

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

The

Bird

Buffer

will

read

the

message

into

core

from

tape

storage

and

initiate

a

core-to-core

transfer

to

the

T&C

computer.

The

T&C

computer

will

check

parity

and

checksum

for

errors

and,

if

none

are

found,

will

retransmit

the

command

message,

a

block

at

a

time,

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

A

Bird

Buffer

program

will

make

a

bit-by-bit

comparison

for

each

message

before

sending

a

verification

for

that

message.

When

the

complete

prepass

message

has

been

verified

in

core

memory

at

the

tracking

station,

it

will

then

be

transferred

to

magnetic

tape,

using

the

same

verification

schemc

employed

by

the

Bird

Buffer.

When

the

complete

message

has

been

verified

and

successfully stored

in

the

163

tape

units,

a

text

message

to

that

effect

will

be

sent

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

The

Bird

Buffer

will

do

the

necessary

bookkeeping

on

its

files

to

keep

track

of

the

prepass

data

that

has

been

sent

to

a

tracking

station

so

that

only

new

information

will

be

sent

in

the

pre-

pass

message;

old

data

referred to

previous

revolutions

will

be

deleted

from

the

prepass

data

stored

in

the

163

tape

units.

Figure

14

shows

the

data

flow

involved

in

this

transfer.

Part

of

the

prepass

message

is a

text

message

which

has

the

schedule

for

the

nominal

times

to

transmit

the

various

commands

in

the

repertoire

of

RTC's.

This

text

message

also

contains

command-specific

instructions

to

the

SOC

operator.

5.7

RFAL-

TIME

COWANDS

Real-time

commands

may

be

initiated

in a

number

of

different

ways.

They

may

be

generated

in a

1604

computer

in

response

to

card

inputs

from

the

Test

Con-

troller.

Command

messages

may

be

input

directly

uo

the

Bird

Buffer

by

card,

in

which

case

they

must

be

made

up

in

the

proper

command

message

format.

1

April

1963

84

-i146/ooo/oo

160A

3

.61

yp

rite

Trackin;

Cand

Ccimputer

134

()Buffer

at

"

Computer

Tracking_(5) at

Station

(6)

f

STC

(7)

(8)

163-2

.. (9) :I

1.

Initiate

request

for

prepass

acquisition

message.

2.

Request

for

data.

3-4.

Rad

command

message

into

core

from

magnetic

tape.

5.

Transmit

command

message

from

BB

to

TWC

computer.

6.

Transmit

command

message

from

T&C

computer

to

BB

for

bit-by-bit

verification.

7.

"Command

Message

Correct"

verification.

8-9.

Store

and

verify

message

in

163

tape

unit

for future

transmission

to

satellite.

Figure

14.

Transfer

of

Command

Message

from

Bird

Buffer

to

T&C

Computer

at

Tracking

Station

1

April

1963

85

Tn-1146/000/00

Commands

may

be

initiated

at

the

tracking

station

SOC,

where

capability

exists

to

call

up

commands

from

the

command

repertoire

stored

in

the

T&C

computer.

Some

programs

have

special

commanding

requirements

and

for

this

purpose,

special

"back

room"

consoles

are

provided

from

which

commanding

is

initiated

and

controlled.

Commands

generated

by

the

1604

for

real-time

transmission

to

the

tracking

station

are

handled

in

much

the

same

way

that

the

block

commands

previously

described are

handled.

They

are

made

up

by

the

1604

from

data

tables,

put

into

proper

messea

format,

nud

trenrmitted

to

the

Bird Buffer

with

the

smm

verification

procedure.

However,

as

RYTVa

can

be

sent

only

when

the

Bird

Buffer

is

Operating

in

the

station

contact

mode,

there

is

no

need

to

store

the

command

messages

on

magnetic

tape

prior

to

transmittal.

Instead,

the

messages

are

transmitted

to

the

tracking

station

immediately

after

verification

is

received

from

the

1604. The

command

message

is

recorded

on

the

163

tape

unit

along

with

all

other

data

received

or

generated

by

the

Bird

Buffer

system

while

operating

in

a

real-time

mode.

The same

core.-to-core

transfer

and

bit-by-bit

verification

of

command

messages

between

the

Bird Buffer

and

the

T&C

computer

is

used

for

RTC's

as

is

used

for

SPC's.

Again,

at

the

tracking

station,

as

at

the

Bird Buffer,

the

command

message

is

not read

into

tape

storage

but

is

stored

in

core,

where

it is

available

for

immediate

use.

5.8

COMMAND

HISTORY

The

command

function,

having

such

a

vital

part

in

the

accomplishment

of

a

satellite's

mission,

requires

special

arrangements

to

insure

that

the

commands

received

by

the

satellite

are

accurate,

and

that

their

operational

status

will

be

available

for

postpass

analysis.

Accuracy

is

maintained

by

the

elaborate

verification

procedures

previously

discussed,

while

the

methods

used

for

handling

command

data

insure

th1at

a

complete

record

is

preserved

of

all

commands

sent.

During

real-time

station

contact

between

the

tracking

station

and

the

Bird

Buffer,

Command

Operational

Status

Report

messages

will

be

made

up

by

the

T&C

computer

and

sent

to

the

Bird

Buffer.

These

messages

will

be

sent

in

near

real

time

and

will

report

the

status

of

all

commands

sent

to

the

satellite.

These

messages

w1.11

contain

the

following

detailed

information

on

each

command:*

1.

Command

or

command

block

number.

2.

Time

of

report.

3.

Time

command

was

transmitted.

4.

Report

number-=zreports

will

carry

sequential

numbers.

5.

Status

of

command

(where

applicable):

*

From

Reference

4,

p.

60

1

April

1963

86

TM-uI46/O00/OO

a.

Accepted

or

verified.

b.

Wrong

verification

on

analog

command.

c.

Digital

command

rejected.

If

the

reject

occurs

on

a

command

block,

the

number

of

step

within

the

command

block

will

also

be

given.

d.

No

accept,

reject

or

verification

was

received.

e.

Error

was

overriden

by

S0C

action

and

command

retransmitted.

f.

Spoof--Spurious

verify

or

reject

received

during

trans-

mission

g.

A

change

in

address,

line,

matrix,

etc.,

was

performed

in

transmitting

this

command.

The

new

condition

will

also

be

included.

h.

An

echo-check

error

was

detected

during

transmission.

If

the

command

was

accepted

by

the

satellite

despite

the

echo-check

error,

the

image

of

the

command

will

be

sent

with

a 'l"

bit

in

the

position

corresponding

to

the

bit

in

error.

i..

The

command

sequence

was

advanced.

This

pertains

to

blocks

of

commands

and

the

number

of

advances

will

be

included.

J.

The

command in

question

is

needed

at

the

tracking

station

but

is

not

available

and

must

be

sent

from

the

STC.

This

report

may

be

the

result

of

tape

parity

errors

encountered

at

the

site.

In

addition

to

the

command

data

from

the tracking

station,

all

real-time

commands

formatted

and

sent

from

the

1604

computer

or

originated

by

card

input

to

the

Bird

Buffer

will

become

a

part

of

the

command

record.

These

reports

will

be

printed

out

in

near

real

time

for

the

information

of

the

test

controllers.

The

reports

will

also

be

stored

in

the

Bird

Buffer

magnetic

tape

memory.

In

the

post-pass

period,

the

Bird Buffer

will,

on

request,

search

the tapes

for

these

command

records

and

will

print

out

a

collected

time-sequenced

history

of

the

commanding

operations

for

that

particular

pass.

0

1

April

1963

8T3

•4-i46/ooo/oo

6.2

INPUT

PROCESSING

MODULE

This

module

provides

the

data

required

for

the

operation

of

the

other

SCHOPS

modules

and

maintains

a

history

of

the

events

which

occurred

during

the

last

scheduled

interval.

The

module

utilizes

the

following

five

types

of

inputs:

1.

Orbital

and

tracking

station

parameters.

2.

Radio-frequency-interference

(RFI)

data

on.

satellites

controlled

by

other

agencies.

3.

Status

.nf-rmation

and

descriptive

data

on

the

resources

of

the

satellite

systems.

the

tracking

stations,

and

the

STC.

4.

Logical

parameters

essential

to

operation

of

the

scheduling

modules,

and

subject

to

variation

by

the

Mqlti-Opf

Controller.

5.

Overrides

by

the

Multi-

Ops

Controller

which

take

precedence

over

decisions

of

the

scheduling

p'ogram.

With

these

inputs,

the

module

generates

rise

and

fade

times,

with

azimuth

,.nd

elevation,

for

each

satellite

and

tracking

station

6.3

CONFLICT

PREDICTION

MODULE

4

Using

the

data

made

available

by

the

Input

Processing

module,

this

module

predicts

the

occurrence

of

four

types

of

conflicts:

1.

Satellite

conflicts--this

type

of

conflict

is

the

result

of

more

than

one

satellite

requiring

the

services

of

a

tracking

station

at

the

same

time.

2.

Coverage

conflict--this

conflict

is

the

result

of

one

sat-

ellite

being

in

view

of

more

than

one

tracking

station.

The

conflict arises

because

the

Bird

Buffer

assJgned

to the

satellite

can

only

work

with

one

station at

a

time.

3.

Printer

conflict--when

more

than

one

satellite

of

the

same

flight

program

is

being

serviced

by

different

tracking

stations,

there

is a

conflict

at

the

printer

in

the

program

room

if

more

than

one

Bird Buffer

attempts

to

pass

infor-

mation

to

the

printer.

4.

RFI

conflict--this

conflict

occurs

when

one

or

more

SCF

or

non-

SCF

satellites

are

in

close

proximity

to,

and

are

transmitting

in

the

same

frequency

range

as,

a

SCF

satellite

being

serviced

by

a

tracking

station.

This

could

result

in

radio-frequency

interference

with

the

satellite-to-ground

communications.

I

I

April

1963

T39

TM-1i46/oo0/O0

The

results

of

these

conflict

predictions

are

made

available

to

the

Conflict

Resolution

and

Output

Processing

modules

for

preparation

of

printouts.

6.4

CONFLICT

RESOLUTION

MODULE

This

module

resolves the

satellite

and

coverage

conflict

situations

described

above, and

generates

a

listing

of

the

resolved

vehicle/station

contacts.

Conflict

resolution

is

done

in

three

phases

(I, II,

and

III)

and

is

res-

ponsive

to input

priorities

and

to

the

value

judgements

of

operations

personnel.

Phase

I

selection

is

based

on

mandatory

pass

coverage,

as

designated

by

the

Multi-

ops

Controller.

Phase

II

selection

is

based

on

computations

to

derive

priorities

for

each

vehicle.

These

priorities

include:

(1)

gain

to

the

system

resulting

from

required

frequency

of

contacts;

(2)

gain

due

to

contact

time;

(3)

gain

for

specific

contacts,

independent

of

time;

and

(4)

initial

priority at

the

start

of

a

resolution

period.

The

algorithm

for

resolving

conflicts

in

phase

II

optimizes

the

priority

function

over

the

space

of

possible

pass

combinations

for

each

resolution

period.

The

results

produce

a

sharing

of

time

between

satellites

at

single

sT.ations

and

between

stations

for

a

single

satellite,

depending

on

the

type

of

conflict

being

resolved.

Phase

III

selection

assigns the

inactive

vehicles

to

the

remaining

possible

service

time,

using

vehicle-specific,

constant

priorities

to

resolve

conflicts.

6.5

RESOURCE

ALLOC'ATION

MODULE

This

module

has

three

submodules:

(1)

Transmission,

(2)

1604

Scheduling,

and

(3)

Switch

Scheduling..

1The

Transmission

submodule

allocates

time

for

communications

between

the

B-rd

Buffers

and

the

tracking

stations

for

the

Non-Real-Time

node.

IJ

-)ptimizF.ss

t.he

assignment of non-pass

time,

using

message

requests,

prlnrities,

and

other

message

related

parameters

as

inputs.

The

1604

Scheduling

suboodole

assigns

tasks

to

the

four

160 4

's.

These

tasks

consist

of:

(1)

flight

support

operations

(2)

general

support

operations

such

as

scheduling

and

(3)

non-support

operations

such

as

program

validation

and

acceptance.

The

Inpui

:

are

requests,

priorities,

pass-time,

and

other

parameter

values.

There

are

two

modes

of

operation

in

the

1604

Scheduling

submodule.

One

is

the

Look-Ahead

mode,

which

covers

a

long

period

of

time.

The

schedule

which

is

generated

in

this

mode is

used

as

a

planning

toolo

The

other

mode

is

the

Short-Term

mode;

the

schedule

generated

is

the

final

working

allocation

of

1604

time.

The

Switch

Scheduling

submodule

allocates

the

SCF

equipment

to

be

used

to

perform

multi-vehicle

support

by

generating

a

switching

schedule

for

the

CDCCU

and

CDSCCU.

An

interim

switching

schedule

is

made

up

by

merging

a

1

•Aril

1963

90

Tm-il6/OOO/Oo

0

table

produced

from

the

Conflict

Resolution

lists

with

the

availability table

from

the

Transmission

submodule

and

the

Flight

Support

Computer

Time

Require-

ment

table.

The

final

switching

schedule

is

generated

by

combining

the

interim

schedule with

the

Vehicle

Equipment

Requirements

table.

A

magnetic

tape

of

the

final

schedule

is

prepared

by

the

Output

Processing

module

and

hand

carried

to

the

Switch

Control

computer.

The

Switch

Control

computer

causes

the

CSCCU

and

CDSCCU

to

connect

and

disconnect

the

various

station

and

equipment

in

accordance

with

the

prepared

schedule.

(.6

LAUIICH

PLANNING

MODULE

J-is

module

is

used

to

determine

the

optimum

time

to

launch

a

new

satellite

Yhe

module

predicts

the

number

of

conflicts

that

would

be

generated

if

the

vehicle

was

launched

during

each

10-minute

interval

of

the

launch

window.

It

lists

the

passes

in

which

the

conflicts

occur,

the

nature

of

the

conflicts

and

the

vehicles

involved.

Two

types

of

conflicts

are

corsid-•red,

Satellite

and

Coverage (see

Conflict

module).

The

Output

Processing

,udule

prepares

a

printout

of

this

list

for

the

use

of

control

personnel

in

planning

the

best

launch

time.

6.7

OUTPUT

PROCESSING

MODULE

This

module

prepares outputs

from

the

data

generated

by

the

other

SCHOPS

modules.

These

outputs

are

printouts

or magnetic

tapes.

The list

of

outputs

prepared

is

as follows:

1.

Master

Data

Console Schedule.

2.

Vehicle-Station

Summary

3.

Vehicle-Acquisition

Schedule.

4.

Vehicle-Switch

Scheduie.

5.

Station-Acquisition

Schedule.

6.

Bird

Buffer

Schedule.

7.

1604

Allocation

Conflict

List.

8.

1604

Short

Term

Schedule.

9.

1604

Daily

Usage

Plan.

10.

Conflict

Resolution

Work

Plan.

11.

Simulated

Launch

Schedule.

12.

RFI

Conflict

List.

S

1

April

1963

91

T-1146/ooo/Oo

6.8

SIMULATION

AND DATA

REDUCTION

MODULE

This

module

faciii,.ates

program

checkout

and

permits

study

of

special

sit-

uations

better

specifi-d

by

non-standard

inputs.

It

can

furnish

non-standard

outputs,

such

as

the

contents of

internal

tables,

for

purposes

of

checkout

and

research

and

development

data.

It

can

generate

distributions,

compute

means

and

standard

devwationi-

cztablish correlations,

and

perform

analysis

of

variance.

Its

purpose

is

to

complement

analysis

of

data

obtained

by

simulation

and

data

cntained

from

external

sources.

6.9

CONTROL

MODULE

This

module

maintains

control

over

the

other

SCHOPS

modules

and

directs

the

sequence

of

operation

of

these

modules.

I

Apri

1

!963

92

TM-i146/000/00

(last•;V•''

REFERENCES

1.

"Implementation Plan

Augmentation

Computer

Programs",

System

Development

Corporation,

TM-751/000/00,

September

4,

1962.

2.

"Augmentation

of

the

USAF

Satellite

Control

Facility"

(U),

Aerospace

Corporation,

TOR-930

(2110)-l, April,

1962.

(SECRET)

3.

"Satellite

Control

Facilities

Capabilities

Manual"

(U),

6594th

Aerospace

Test

Wing,

AFSC,

Sunnyvade

California.

TWRDE-61-26,

(CONFIDENTIAL)

4.

"Bird

Duffer

Combined

Milestone

3-4,"

System

Development

Corporation,

Th4-834/000/0A,

Yebruary

11,

1963.

5.

"Command

System",

Aerospace

Corporation,

AS-62-0000-07768.

(SECRET)

6.

"New

and

Modiled

160h

Computer

Programs

in

Support of

Augmentation--

Milestone

3",

System

Development

Corporation,

TM-810,

November

20,

1962.

7.

"Data

Handling

Subsystem

Specification",

Philco

Corporation,

WDL-98-2046B-09,

N1ovember

5,

1962.

8T

"Control

and

Display

Subsystem

Specification",

Philco

Corporation,

WDL,-98-204A-09,

Au,-usL

10,

1962.

9.

"Data

Subsyctem

Diagnostic

and

Maintenance

Computer

Programs

Multiple

Satellite

Augmentation

Program",

Philco

Corporation

WDL-

TR1950,

November

26,

1962.

10.

"Scheduling

Operations

(SCHOPS)

XMliiestone

4",

System

Development

Corporation,

TM-(L)-795/000/02,

February

7,

1963.

11.

"Augmented

SCF

Tracking

Station

Equipment

Configurations

Description"

(U),

System

Dcvelopment

Corporation,

TMQ(L)-.80/0C0/01, March

1,

1963

(SECRET).

12.

"Milestone

3

for

Contcol

160A

Computer

at

STA",

Lockheed

Aircraft

Corporation,

LMSC-656884,

November

9,

1962.

13.

"Master

Data

Control

Console

Desiqn

Specification",

Lockheed

Aircraft

Corporation,

LaMD

Spec.

1415194,

September

6,

1962.

14.

"Communication

Data

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit",

Lockheed

Aircraft

Corporation,

LMSC

-Spec 1415185,

September

5,

1962.

15.

"Computer

Select

and

Cross

Connect

Unit", Iockheed

Aircraft

Corporation

UISC

Spec

1415190,

September

5,

1962.

1

April

1963

93

TM-1146/O00/00

(last

page)

16.

"FM/FM

Telemetry

Ground

Station

Subsystem

Specification",

Philco

Corporation,

WDI,98-2045C-09,

August

16,

1962.

17.

"Telemetry Data

Flow

for

the

Augmented

SCF",

System

Development

Corporation,

TM(L)-949/000/00,

January

14, 1963

18.

"Multiple

Satellite

Augmentation

Program

Tracking

Station

Computer

Operational

Programs

(Milestone

2

&

3)",

Philco

Corporation

WDL-TR]931,

November

15,

1962.

1;.

"CharuteriE5i.c

f

uDhe

Model

1W

4

Cc-•mnpter",

c÷)

....

ta

Corporation,

Publication

No.

01

8

c,

May

1,

1961.

20.

"Milestone

h

-

MSAP

Tracking

Station

Operational

Computer

Program

Design

Specification",

Philco

Corporation,

WDL-TRI957,

February

4,

1963.

1

April

1963

TM-

ll6/000/O0

EXTERNAL

DISTRIBUTION

LIST

Space

Systems

Division

Pnl-E4

(GE-Box

8555)

(Contracting

Agency)

J.

S.

Brainard

Maj.

C.

R.

Bond

(SSOCD)

R. J.

Katucki

Maj.

N.

D.

LaVally

(SAFSP-206)

J.

D.

Selby

6594th

Aerospace

Test

Wing

PIR-E4

(GE-3198

Chestnut)

(Contracting

Agency)

J.

F.

Butler

Col.

A. W.

Dill

(TWRD)

(10)

C. A.

Cummings

Lt.

Col.

M. S.

McDowell

(TWRU'

H. D.

Gilman

TWACS

(20)

PIR-

E4

(GE-

Bethesda)

PIRWE1

(

Lockheed

)

W.

L.

Massey

J.

A.

Boysen

N. N.

Epstein

PIR-E4

(GE-Box

8661)

W.

E.

Moorman

G.

F.

Vader

Fý

T.

Clark

P

.

Eo

.:l±•.

J.

D.

Roger

G. F.

Taylor

Wo

R.

Wcinrieh

PIR-F2

(Philco)

PTIR-.E5

i(Aerospace)

J.

A.

Bean

F.

M.

Adair

J. A.

Isaaes

A.

Bakst

R.

Morrison

J.i W.

Bengston

S.

M.

Stanley

Ro.

V.

Bigelow

P.

0.

Brandsberg

PIR-E3

(LFE)

L.

H.

Garcia

G.

J.

Hansen

(3)

D.

F.

Criley

L, .J.

Kreisberg

K. B.

Williams

M.

L.

Luther

T. R.

Parkin

PIR-E4

(GE-Santa

Clara)

E.

E.

Retzlaff

H. M.

Reynolds

D.

Alexander

D.

Saadeh

R. G.

Stephenson

PIR-Eh

(GF-Sunnyvale)

D. D.

Stevenson

V.

White

J.

Farrentine

N.

Kirby

PIR-E7

(STL)

A. J.

Carlson

(3)

PIR-E8

(Mellonics)

F.

Drudirg

I

1

Apil

1963

TM-1146/000/00

WINSOR,

Me

E.

22156

WONG.

J.

P. SUNNYVALE

WINTER,

J, E,

24117

ZUBRIS.

C. Js

24075

WISE#

Re

C.

22085

40

UNCLASSIFIED

System Development

Corporation,

Santa

Monica,

California

AUGMENTED

SATELLITE

CONTROL

FACILITY

SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION.

Scientific

rept.,

TM-1146,

by

S.

Weems.

1

April

1963,

93p.,

20

refs.

11

figs.

(Contract

AF

19(628)-1648,

Space

Systems

Division

Program,

for

Space

Systems

Division,

AFSC)

Unclassified

report

DESCRIPTORS:

Satellite

Networks.

Programming (Computers).

UNCLASSIFIED

Describes

the

Augmented

Satellite

UNCLASSIFIED

Control

Facility

(SCF)

from

two

points

of

view:

first,

the

equipment

subsystems

are

described

in

terms

of

their

capabilities,

functions

and

primary

usages;

second,

the

principal

activities

performed

by

the

SCF;

i.e.,

telemetry,

tracking,

commanding,

and

scheduling

are

explained

in

such

a way

that

the

previously

described

equipments

are

tied

together into

systems,

with

emphasis

on

the

functional

aspects

of

SCF

operations.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASS]IFIED

UNCLASSI[FED