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1

Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS
and JOURNALS (February 2017)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Member, IEEE

Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing
papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document as
a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise,
use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your
paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles should be
written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase.
Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short
formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do
not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are
preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space
between authors’ initials. The abstract must be a concise yet

comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In
particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without
abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a
microcosm of the full article. The abstract must be between
150–250 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits;
otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly.
The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should
not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular
material. The abstract should include three or four different
keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is
important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this
can result in a page being rejected by search engines.
Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically
correct.
Index Terms—Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical
order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords,
send a blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt

I. INTRODUCTION

T

HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions
6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF version of
this document, please download the electronic file,
trans_jour.docx,
from
the
IEEE
Web
site
at
www.ieee.org/authortools so you can use it to prepare your
manuscript. If you would prefer to use LaTeX, download
IEEE’s LaTeX style and sample files from the same Web page.
You can also explore using the Overleaf editor at
This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you
submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information,
including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, “This
work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant
BS123456.”
The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affiliations,
including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A. Author is with the

https://www.overleaf.com/blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-withieee-collabratec-your-quick-guide-to-gettingstarted#.Vp6tpPkrKM9
If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your
conference editor concerning acceptable word processor
formats for your particular conference.
II. GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
When you open trans_jour.docx, select “Page Layout” from
the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), (these
instructions assume MS 6.0. Some versions may have alternate
ways to access the same functionalities noted here). Then, type
over sections of trans_jour.docx or cut and paste from another
document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is
at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word
window (for example, the style at this point in the document is
“Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a
certain style, and then select the appropriate name on the style
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not
change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into
a limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not
underline.
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion
point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the
image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special |
Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper
is intended for a conference, please observe the conference page
limits.
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do
not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable
(for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (email: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is
now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).

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B. Other Recommendations
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
[It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
calculated the potential.”
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
“cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 0.2
cm,” not “0.1 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,”
not “sec.” Use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter,” not
“webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values, write “7 to 9”
or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) In
American English, periods and commas are within quotation
marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”! Avoid
contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.”
The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B
and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
carefully proofread your paper.
III. MATH
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for
equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft
Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” should not
be selected.
A. Equations
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more
compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or
appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in
denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a
sentence, as in
(1)
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize
symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla).
Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the
beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
IV. UNITS
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are

2

strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. For
example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An exception is
when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as
current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often
leads to confusion because equations do not balance
dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the
units for each quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ 0H. Use the
center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
V. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the
permeability of vacuum µ 0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.”
The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or “remnant.”
Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A graph
within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
“alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
you really mean something that alternates). Use the word
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to
simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions are
not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for
example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
composition NixMn1-x.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,”
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” (e.g.,
“principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and
“infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra”
are not independent words; they should be joined to the words
they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after
the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also italicized).
The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the abbreviation
“e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not
italicized).
A
general
IEEE
styleguide
is
available
at
www.ieee.org/authortools.

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3

TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Symbol

H
m

magnetic flux
magnetic flux density,
magnetic induction
magnetic field strength
magnetic moment

M

magnetization

4 M

magnetization
specific magnetization
magnetic dipole
moment
magnetic polarization

B

j
J
,
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces.
It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.

r

w, W
N, D

VI. GUIDELINES FOR GRAPHICS PREPARATION
AND SUBMISSION
A. Types of Graphics
The following list outlines the different types of graphics
published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on their
construction, and use of color / shades of gray:
1) Color/Grayscale figures
Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of
black/gray. Such figures may include photographs,
illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
2) Line Art figures
Figures that are composed of only black lines and shapes.
These figures should have no shades or half-tones of gray,
only black and white.
3) Author photos
Head and shoulders shots of authors that appear at the end
of our papers.
4) Tables
Data charts which are typically black and white, but sometimes
include color.
B. Multipart figures
Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented sideby-side, or stacked. If a multipart figure is made up of multiple
figure types (one part is lineart, and another is grayscale or
color) the figure should meet the stricter guidelines.
C. File Formats For Graphics
Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics
processing program that will allow you to create the images as
PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged Image
File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format (.PDF), or
Portable Network Graphics (.PNG) sizes them, and adjusts the
resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of the
following programs you will be able to submit the graphics

Quantity

susceptibility
mass susceptibility
permeability
relative permeability
energy density
demagnetizing factor

Conversion from Gaussian and
CGS EMU to SI a
1 Mx 10 8 Wb = 10 8 V·s
1 G 10 4 T = 10 4 Wb/m2
1 Oe 103/(4 ) A/m
1 erg/G = 1 emu
10 3 A·m2 = 10 3 J/T
1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
103 A/m
1 G 103/(4 ) A/m
1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g 1 A·m2/kg
1 erg/G = 1 emu
4
10 10 Wb·m
1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
4
10 4 T
1 4
1 cm3/g 4
10 3 m3/kg
1 4
10 7 H/m
=4
10 7 Wb/(A·m)
r

1 erg/cm3 10 1 J/m3
1 1/(4 )

Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for
the entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cg emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell,
G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m =
meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.

without converting to a PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF, or PNG file:
Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Microsoft Excel.
Though it is not required, it is strongly recommended that these
files be saved in PDF format rather than DOC, XLS, or PPT.
Doing so will protect your figures from common font and arrow
stroke issues that occur when working on the files across
multiple platforms. When submitting your final paper, your
graphics should all be submitted individually in one of these
formats along with the manuscript.
D. Sizing of Graphics
Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5
inches / 88 millimeters / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches /
181 millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic can
be is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing the
depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures can
be sized between column and page widths if the author chooses,
however it is recommended that figures are not sized less than
column width unless when necessary.
There is currently one publication with column measurements
that do not coincide with those listed above. PROCEEDINGS OF
THE IEEE has a column measurement of 3.25 inches (82.5
millimeters / 19.5 picas).
The final printed size of author photographs is exactly
1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4 millimeters x 31.75
millimeters / 6 picas x 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in
editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40
millimeters x 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).
E. Resolution
The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type
of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures” section.

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Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures should be at
least 300dpi. Line art, including tables should be a minimum of
600dpi.
F. Vector Art
In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple
computer platforms, we accept files in the following formats:
.EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts must be embedded or text converted
to outlines in order to achieve the best-quality results.
G. Color Space
The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that can
be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, the
three main color spaces are Grayscale, RGB (red/green/blue)
and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black). RGB is generally
used with on-screen graphics, whereas CMYK is used for
printing purposes.
All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color
space. Grayscale images should be submitted in Grayscale color
space. Line art may be provided in grayscale OR bitmap
colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and “bitmap file
format” are not the same thing. When bitmap color space is
selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended file formats.
H. Accepted Fonts Within Figures
When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use
of one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman,
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and Symbol. If you are supplying
EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must be embedded. Some fonts
may only be native to your operating system; without the fonts
embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing.
A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the
fonts before you save the files, creating “outline” type. This
converts fonts to artwork what will appear uniformly on any
screen.
I. Using Labels Within Figures
1) Figure Axis labels
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words
rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put units
in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1,
for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization
(A m 1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of
quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not
“Temperature/K.”
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not
write “Magnetization (A/m) 1000” because the reader would
not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m
or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8
to 10 point type.
2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables
Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before final
submission. Labels should appear centered below each

4

subfigure in 8 point Times New Roman font in the format of (a)
(b) (c).
J. File Naming
Figures (line artwork or photographs) should be named
starting with the first 5 letters of the author’s last name. The
next characters in the filename should be the number that
represents the sequential location of this image in your article.
For example, in author “Anderson’s” paper, the first three
figures would be named ander1.tif, ander2.tif, and ander3.ps.
Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the
caption) and should be named similarly to figures, except that
‘.t’ is inserted in-between the author’s name and the table
number. For example, author Anderson’s first three tables
would be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps, ander.t3.eps.
Author photographs should be named using the first five
characters of the pictured author’s last name. For example, four
author photographs for a paper may be named: oppen.ps,
moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.
If two authors or more have the same last name, their first
initial(s) can be substituted for the fifth, fourth, third... letters of
their surname until the degree where there is differentiation. For
example, two authors Michael and Monica Oppenheimer’s
photos would be named oppmi.tif, and oppmo.eps.
K. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper
When referencing your figures and tables within your paper,
use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence.
Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be numbered with
Roman Numerals.
L. Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics Analyzer
The IEEE Graphics Analyzer enables authors to pre-screen
their graphics for compliance with IEEE Transactions and
Journals standards before submission. The online tool, located
at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/, allows authors to upload their
graphics in order to check that each file is the correct file
format, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are
missing or corrupt; that figures are not compiled in layers or
have transparency, and that they are named according to the
IEEE Transactions and Journals naming convention. At the end
of this automated process, authors are provided with a detailed
report on each graphic within the web applet, as well as by
email.
For more information on using the Graphics Analyzer
or any other graphics related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics
Help Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org.
M. Submitting Your Graphics
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and
tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition to, or
even in lieu of submitting figures within your final manuscript,
figures should be submitted individually, separate from the
manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in section VIJ. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles
above the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the

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figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Also,
do not place borders around the outside of your figures.
N. Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Journals
All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author
to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore® at no charge, and
automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In
most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed in
color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this service
comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend to have
print color graphics, include a note with your final paper
indicating which figures or tables you would like to be handled
that way, and stating that you are willing to pay the additional
fee.
VII. CONCLUSION
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the
abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on
the importance of the work or suggest applications and
extensions.

5

around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles.
When citing IEEE transactions, provide the issue number, page
range, volume number, year, and/or month if available. When
referencing a patent, provide the day and the month of issue, or
application. References may not include all information; please
obtain and include relevant information. Do not combine
references. There must be only one reference with each number.
If there is a URL included with the print reference, it can be
included at the end of the reference.
Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper title,
except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers
published in translation journals, please give the English
citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation
See the end of this document for formats and examples of
common references. For a complete discussion of references
and their formats, see the IEEE style manual at
www.ieee.org/authortools.
A. Footnotes
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference
list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I).

APPENDIX
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” In most
cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.
REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES
A. References
References need not be cited in text. When they are, they
appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation.
Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets.
When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page
numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not
use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic endnotes
in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of the paper
using the “References” style.
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of
their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The
reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets.
In all references, the given name of the author or editor is
abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use
them all; use et al. only if names are not given. Use commas
1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.

VIII. SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER FOR REVIEW
A. Review Stage Using Word 6.0 or Higher
If you want to submit your file with one column
electronically, please do the following:
--First, click on the View menu and choose Print Layout.
--Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to
the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column Layout,
and choose “apply to whole document” from the dropdown
menu.
--Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4
inches in width.
The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can
drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push
out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic.
B. Final Stage Using Word 6.0
When you submit your final version (after your paper has
been accepted), print it in two-column format, including figures
and tables. You must also send your final manuscript on a disk,
via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript submission system as
directed by the society contact. You may use Zip for large files,
or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.
Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This
information will be used to send each author a complimentary
copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition,
designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the

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author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent
to the corresponding author only.
C. Review Stage Using ScholarOne® Manuscripts
Contributions to the Transactions, Journals, and Letters
may be submitted electronically on IEEE’s on-line manuscript
submission and peer-review system, ScholarOne® Manuscripts.
You can get a listing of the publications that participate in
ScholarOne at
http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/autho
rs/authors_submission.html First check if you have an existing
account. If there is none, please create a new account. After
logging in, go to your Author Center and click “Submit First
Draft of a New Manuscript.”
Along with other information, you will be asked to select
the subject from a pull-down list. Depending on the journal,
there are various steps to the submission process; you must
complete all steps for a complete submission. At the end of each
step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploading the
paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see a
confirmation that the submission is complete. You should also
receive an e-mail confirmation. For inquiries regarding the
submission of your paper on ScholarOne Manuscripts, please
contact oprs-support@ieee.org or call +1 732 465 5861.
ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review in
various formats. Please check the guidelines of the specific
journal for which you plan to submit.
You will be asked to file an electronic copyright form
immediately upon completing the submission process (authors
are responsible for obtaining any security clearances). Failure
to submit the electronic copyright could result in publishing
delays later. You will also have the opportunity to designate
your article as “open access” if you agree to pay the IEEE open
access fee.
D. Final Stage Using ScholarOne Manuscripts
Upon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific
instructions regarding the submission of your final files. To
avoid any delays in publication, please be sure to follow these
instructions. Most journals require that final submissions be
uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts, although some may
still accept final submissions via email. Final submissions
should include source files of your accepted manuscript, high
quality graphic files, and a formatted pdf file. If you have any
questions regarding the final submission process, please contact
the administrative contact for the journal.
In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses.
Designate the author who submitted the manuscript on
ScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This is
the only author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.

E. Copyright Form
Authors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form
(eCF) upon submitting their final manuscript files. You can
access the eCF system through your manuscript submission

6

system or through the Author Gateway. You are responsible for
obtaining any necessary approvals and/or security clearances.
For additional information on intellectual property rights, visit
the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights department web page at
http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights
/index.html.
IX. IEEE PUBLISHING POLICY
The general IEEE policy requires that authors should only
submit original work that has neither appeared elsewhere for
publication, nor is under review for another refereed
publication. The submitting author must disclose all prior
publication(s) and current submissions when submitting a
manuscript. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The
submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of all
coauthors and any consent required from employers or sponsors
before submitting an article. The IEEE Transactions and
Journals Department strongly discourages courtesy authorship;
it is the obligation of the authors to cite only relevant prior
work.
The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not
publish conference records or proceedings, but can publish
articles related to conferences that have undergone rigorous
peer review. Minimally, two reviews are required for every
article submitted for peer review.
X. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
The two types of contents of that are published are; 1) peerreviewed and 2) archival. The Transactions and Journals
Department publishes scholarly articles of archival value as
well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical
subjects and topics of current interest.
Authors should consider the following points:
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
the work. For example, an obvious extension of previously
published work might not be appropriate for publication or
might be adequately treated in just a few pages.
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the editors
of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the
standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
unexpected results are reported.
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
information to allow readers to perform similar
experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
contain new, useable, and fully described information. For
example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be
reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a
new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be
challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by
adequate data and critical details.

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[12] The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014.
[Online].
Available:
http://dl.zthz.com/eBook/zomega_ebook_pdf_1206_sr.pdf. Accessed
on: May 19, 2014.
[13] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’
Constitution. Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press,
1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28, 2010, [Online] Available:
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/

5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest
technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation
at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for
publication.

REFERENCES
Basic format for books:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book,
xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher,
year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Basic format for journals (when available online):

J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp.
xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. Accessed on: Month, Day, year, DOI:
10.1109.XXX.123456, [Online].

Examples:
[14] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J.
Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Jan. 1995.
[15] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic
frequency shifter using a surface acoustic wave incident at an
oblique angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb.
1986.
[16] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based
conductive layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz
Sci.
Technol.,
to
be
published.
DOI:
10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.

Examples:
[1]
[2]

G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in
Plastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J . Peters, E d . New Y o r k ,
NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont,
CA, USA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.

Basic format for periodicals:

J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp.
xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, DOI. 10.1109.XXX.123456.

Examples:
[3]

[4]
[5]

J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An
assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices,
vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959,
10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,”
Phys. Rev.,
vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., to be published.

Basic format for reports:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev.
State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.

Examples:
[6]

[7]

E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen
absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los
Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov.
1988.
J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the
16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin,
TX, USA, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.

Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when
available online):

J.K. Author. (year, month). Title. presented at abbrev. conference title.
[Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file

Example:
[17] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets:
Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall for
corporate productivity. Presented at INET96 Annual
Meeting. [Online]. Available:
http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp

Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available
online):
J. K. Author. “Title of report,” Company. City, State, Country. Rep. no.,
(optional: vol./issue), Date. [Online] Available: site/path/file

Examples:
[18] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis
and modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12,
Jan. 12, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=raster
[19] Teralyzer. Lytera UG, Kirchhain, Germany [Online].
Available:
http://www.lytera.de/Terahertz_THz_Spectroscopy.php?id=
home, Accessed on: Jun. 5, 2014

Basic format for handbooks:
Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co.,
Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:
[8]
[9]

Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western
Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola
Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989.

7

Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents
(when available online):

Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month day). Number of
bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
NOTE: ISO recommends that capitalization follow the accepted practice
for the language or script in which the information is given.

Example:
Basic format for books (when available online):

J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, xth ed.
City of Publisher, State, Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp.
xxx–xxx. [Online]. Available: http://www.web.com

[20] U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H.
Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military
Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File:
BILLS

Examples:
[10] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in
Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed.,
2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 1564. [Online]. Available: http://www.bookref.com.
[11] The Founders’ Constitution, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph
Lerner, eds., Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. Chicago Press, 1987.
[Online].
Available:
http://presspubs.uchicago.edu/founders/

Basic format for patents (when available online):
Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number
[Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Example:
[21] Musical toothbrush with mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks. (1992,
May 19). Patent D 326 189

> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
[Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DES

transparent/translucent optical networks,” J.
Technol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 439–448, Sep. 2011.

8
Lightw.

Basic format for conference proceedings (published):
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf.,
Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxxxxx.

Example:

[22] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched passively coupled single-mode optical network,” in Proc.
IOOC-ECOC,
Boston,
MA,
USA,
1985,
pp. 585–590.

Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished):
[23] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband
detection for interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd
Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan.
2-5, 1984.

Basic format for patents:
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day,
year.

Example:

[24] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power
supply,” U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.

Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):

a) J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ.,
City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
b) J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept.,
Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

Examples:
[25] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation,
Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA,
1993.
[26] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical
nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron.
Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

Basic format for the most common types of unpublished
references:
a) J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
b) J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
c) J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.

First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and
all authors may include biographies.
Biographies are often not included in
conference-related papers. This author
became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976, a
Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a
Fellow (F) in 1987. The first paragraph
may contain a place and/or date of birth
(list place, then date). Next, the author’s
educational background is listed. The degrees should be listed
with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state,
and country, and year the degree was earned. The author’s
major field of study should be lower-cased.
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or
she) and not the author’s last name. It lists military and work
experience, including summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles
are capitalized. The current job must have a location; previous
positions may be listed without one. Information concerning
previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
three books or published articles. The format for listing
publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book
(publisher name, year) similar to a reference. Current and
previous research interests end the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last
name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List
any memberships in professional societies other than the IEEE.
Finally, list any awards and work for IEEE committees and
publications. If a photograph is provided, it should be of good
quality, and professional-looking. Following are two examples
of an author’s biography.

Examples:
[27] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[28] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,”
unpublished.
[29] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary
computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository,
Paper R-67-85.

Basic formats for standards:
a) Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
b) Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.

Examples:
[30] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard
308, 1969.
[31] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

Article number in reference examples:
[32] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun,
“Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laserassisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6,
Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.
[33] J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics
of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE
Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art. no. 2600111

Example when using et al.:

[34] S. Azodolmolky et al., Experimental demonstration of an
impairment aware network planning and operation tool for

Second B. Author was born in Greenwich
Village, New York, NY, USA in 1977. He
received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in
aerospace engineering from the University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 2001 and
the Ph.D. degree in mechanical
engineering from Drexel University,
Philadelphia, PA, in 2008.
From 2001 to 2004, he was a Research Assistant with the
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Since 2009, he has been
an Assistant Professor with the Mechanical Engineering
Department, Texas A&M University, College Station. He is the
author of three books, more than 150 articles, and more than 70
inventions. His research interests include high-pressure and
high-density nonthermal plasma discharge processes and
applications, microscale plasma discharges, discharges in
liquids, spectroscopic diagnostics, plasma propulsion, and
innovation plasma applications. He is an Associate Editor of the
journal Earth, Moon, Planets, and holds two patents.

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Dr. Author was a recipient of the International Association of
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Young Scientist Award for
Excellence in 2008, and the IEEE Electromagnetic
Compatibility Society Best Symposium Paper Award in 2011.

Third C. Author, Jr. (M’87) received the
B.S. degree in mechanical engineering
from National Chung Cheng University,
Chiayi, Taiwan, in 2004 and the M.S.
degree in mechanical engineering from
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, in 2006. He is currently pursuing
the Ph.D. degree in mechanical
engineering at Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX, USA.
From 2008 to 2009, he was a Research Assistant with the
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan. His
research interest includes the development of surface
processing and biological/medical treatment techniques using
nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas, fundamental study
of plasma sources, and fabrication of micro- or nanostructured
surfaces.
Mr. Author’s awards and honors include the Frew Fellowship
(Australian Academy of Science), the I. I. Rabi Prize (APS), the
European Frequency and Time Forum Award, the Carl Zeiss
Research Award, the William F. Meggers Award and the
Adolph Lomb Medal (OSA).

9



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