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User Manual: UC_GENERATOR_OPM

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UC Alternators

OWNER MANUAL

English
Original Instructions

A040J848 (Issue 6) Public

Table of Contents
1.

FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................

1

2.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................

3

3.

SAFETY DIRECTIVES AND STANDARDS ..........................................................................

7

4.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................

11

5.

APPLICATION OF THE ALTERNATOR .............................................................................

15

6.

INSTALLATION INTO THE GENERATOR SET .................................................................

21

7.

SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE.........................................................................................

31

8.

PARTS IDENTIFICATION ...................................................................................................

49

9.

TECHNICAL DATA..............................................................................................................

53

10. SERVICE PARTS AND AFTER SALES SERVICE.............................................................

55

11. END OF LIFE DISPOSAL ...................................................................................................

57

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Foreword

1.1

The Manual
This manual contains guidance and instructions for the installation and operation of the
alternator. This manual does not include instructions for servicing and maintaining the
alternator. Contact CGT Customer Service for details.
Before operating the alternator, read this manual and make sure that all personnel who work
on the equipment have access to the manual and all additional documentation supplied with
it. Misuse and failure to follow the instructions, and the use of non-approved parts, may
invalidate the product warranty and lead to potential accidents.
This manual is an essential part of the alternator. Make sure that the manual is available to
all users throughout the life of the alternator.
The manual is written for skilled electrical and mechanical technicians and engineers, who
have prior knowledge and experience of generating equipment of this type. If in doubt,
please seek expert advice or contact your local Cummins Generator Technologies
subsidiary.

NOTICE
Information in this manual was correct when published. It may be superseded due to our
policy of continuous improvement. Please visit www.stamford-avk.com for latest
documentation.

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Safety Precautions

2.1

Safety Information and Notices used in this
manual
Danger, Warning and Caution panels are used in this manual to describe the sources of
hazards, their consequences and how to avoid injury. Notice panels emphasize important or
critical instructions.

DANGER
Danger indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, WILL result in death or serious
injury.

WARNING
Warning indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, COULD result in death or
serious injury.

CAUTION
Caution indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, COULD result in minor or
moderate injury.

NOTICE
Notice refers to a method or practice which can result in product damage, or to draw
attention to additional information or explanations.

2.2

General Guidance
NOTICE
These safety precautions are for general guidance and supplement your own safety
procedures and all applicable laws and standards.

2.3

Skill Requirements of Personnel
Service and maintenance procedures must only be carried out by experienced and qualified
engineers, who are familiar with the procedures and the equipment.

2.4

Risk Assessment
A risk assessment has been performed on this product by Cummins, however a separate
risk assessment must be performed by the user/operating company to establish all
personnel-related risks. All affected users must be trained on the identified risks. Access to
the Power Plant/Generator Set during operation must be restricted to persons who have
been trained on these risks.

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2.5

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All persons operating, servicing, maintaining or working in or with a power plant or a
generator set must wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Recommended PPE includes:
• Ear and Eye Protection
• Head and face protection
• Safety footwear
• Overalls that protect the lower arms and legs
Ensure that all persons are fully aware of the emergency procedures in case of accidents.

2.6

Noise
WARNING
Noise
Noise from a running alternator can cause serious injury by permanent hearing damage.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

Maximum A-weighted noise emissions may reach 106 dB(A). Contact the supplier for
application-specific details.

2.7

Electrical Equipment
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

All electrical equipment can be dangerous if not operated correctly. Always install, service
and maintain the alternator in accordance with this manual. Work that requires access to
electrical conductors must comply with all applicable local and national electrical safety
procedures for the voltages involved and any site specific rules. Always use genuine
branded replacement parts.

2.8

Lock Out/Tag Out
WARNING
Reconnected Energy Source
Accidental reconnection of energy sources during service and maintenance work can cause
serious injury or death by electric shock, burns, crushing, severing or trapping.
To prevent injury and before starting service and maintenance work, use appropriate lock
out/tag out safety procedures to keep the generator set isolated from energy sources. Do not
defeat or bypass the lock out/tag out safety procedures.

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2.9

Lifting
DANGER
Falling Mechanical Parts
Falling mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by impact, crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before lifting:

• Check the capacity, condition and attachment of lifting equipment (crane, hoists and
jacks, including attachments to anchor, fix or support the equipment).

• Check the capacity, condition and attachment of accessories for lifting (hooks, slings,
shackles and eye bolts for attaching loads to lifting equipment).

• Check the capacity, condition and attachment of lifting fixtures on the load.
• Check the mass, integrity and stability (e.g. unbalanced or shifting center of gravity) of
the load.

WARNING
Falling Mechanical Parts
Falling mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by impact, crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before lifting the alternator:

• Do not lift the complete generator set by the alternator lifting fixtures.
• Keep the alternator horizontal when lifting.
• Fit drive end and non-drive end transit fittings to single bearing alternators to keep the
main rotor in the frame.

Do not remove the lifting label attached to one of the lifting points.

2.10

Alternator Operating Areas
WARNING
Ejected Debris
Debris ejected during catastrophic failure can cause serious injury or death by impact,
severing or stabbing.
To prevent injury:

• Keep away from the air inlet and air outlet when the alternator is running.
• Do not put operator controls near the air inlet and air outlet.
• Do not cause overheating by running the alternator outside rating plate parameters.
• Do not overload the alternator.
• Do not run an alternator with excessive vibration.
• Do not synchronize parallel alternators outside the specified parameters.

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Always wear suitable PPE when working in the hatched areas shown in the diagram or
directly in-line with any air inlet/outlet.
Make sure this consideration is captured in your risk assessment.

2.11

Hazard Warning Labels
WARNING
Safety Cover Removed
A hazard exposed when a safety cover is removed can cause serious injury or death.
To prevent injury:

• Fit the safety labels at the locations shown on the back of the label sheet supplied.
• Observe the safety labels.
• Refer to the service manual before removing covers.
The generator set manufacturer is responsible for fitting the self-adhesive hazard warning
labels supplied with the alternator.
Replace labels that are missing, damaged or painted over.

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Safety Directives and Standards
STAMFORD Alternators meet applicable European safety directives, and national and
international standards relevant to alternators. The alternator must be operated within the
limits specified in the relevant standards and within the parameters on the alternator rating
plate.
Marine alternators meet the requirements of all the major marine classification societies.

3.1

Low Voltage Directive: Declaration of Conformity
TABLE 1.

LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE: DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

This synchronous A.C. generator is designed for incorporation into an electricity generatingset and fulfils all the relevant provisions of the following EC Directive(s) when installed in
accordance with the installation instructions contained in the product documentation:
2006/95/EC
2004/108/EC

Low Voltage Directive
The Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

and that the standards and/or technical specifications referenced below have been applied:
EN 61000-6-2:2005
EN 61000-64:2007+A1:2011
EN ISO 12100:2010
EN 60034-1:2010
BS ISO 8528-3:2005
BS 5000-3:2006

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Generic standards – Part 6-2:
Immunity for industrial environments
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Generic standards – Part 6-4:
Emission standard for industrial environments
Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk
assessment and risk reduction
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current
generating sets - Part 3: Alternating current generators for generating
sets
Rotating electrical machines of particular types or for particular
applications - Part 3: Generators to be driven by reciprocating internal
combustion engines - Requirements for resistance to vibration

The name and address of authorised representative, authorised to compile the relevant
technical documentation, is the Company Secretary, Cummins Generator Technologies
Limited, 49/51 Gresham Road, Staines, Middlesex, TW18 2BD, U.K.
Date: 01st February 2014

Signed:

Name, Title and Address:
Kevan J Simon
Global Technical and Quality Director
Cummins Generator Technologies
Fountain Court
Lynch Wood
Peterborough, UK
PE2 6FZ

Description

Serial Number
Registered in England under Registration No. 441273.
Cummins Generator Technologies Ltd. Registered Office: Barnack Road, Stamford, Lincolnshire PE9 2NB, England.
DRAWING REF 450-16383-D

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3.2

Machinery Directive: Declaration of Incorporation
TABLE 2.

MACHINERY DIRECTIVE: DECLARATION OF INCORPORATION - SHEET 1

Function: Synchronous A.C. generator designed for incorporation into an electricity
generating-set.
The partly completed machinery supplied with this declaration:

• Is designed and constructed solely as a non-functional component to be incorporated
into a machine requiring completion.

• Is designed to comply with the provisions of the following EU Directives so far as their
level of build will allow:
2004/108/EC
The Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive
2006/95/EC
Low Voltage Directive

• Must not be put into service within the European Community ("EC") until the final
machinery into which it is to be incorporated has been declared in conformity with the
Machinery Directive and all other applicable EC Directives.

• Is designed and constructed to comply with the essential health and safety
requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC listed on sheet 2 of this Declaration.
The relevant technical documentation is compiled in accordance with the provisions of part B
of Annex VII of the Machinery Directive. All relevant information about the partly completed
machinery will be provided, in writing, on a reasoned request by the appropriate national
authority to its authorised representative. The name and address of authorised
representative, authorised to compile the relevant technical documentation, is the Company
Secretary, Cummins Generator Technologies Limited, 49/51 Gresham Road, Staines,
Middlesex, TW18 2BD, U.K.
The undersigned representing the manufacturer:
Date: 01st February 2014

Signed:

Name, Title and Address:
Kevan J Simon
Global Technical and Quality Director
Cummins Generator Technologies
Fountain Court
Lynch Wood
Peterborough, UK
PE2 6FZ

Description

Serial Number
Registered in England under Registration No. 441273.
Cummins Generator Technologies Ltd. Registered Office: Barnack Road, Stamford, Lincolnshire PE9 2NB, England.
DRAWING REF 450-16388-D

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TABLE 3.

MACHINERY DIRECTIVE: DECLARATION OF INCORPORATION - SHEET 2

ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF PARTLY COMPLETED MACHINERY
1.1 General Remarks

LEGEND

• 1.1.2 : Principles of safety integration
• 1.1.3 : Materials and products
• 1.1.5 : Design of machinery to facilitate its handling
1.3 Protection Against Mechanical Hazards
• 1.3.1 : Risk of loss of stability
• 1.3.2 : Risk of break-up during operation
• 1.3.3 : Risks due to falling or ejected objects
• 1.3.4 : Risks due to surfaces, edges or angles
• 1.3.7 : Risks related to moving parts
• 1.3.8.1 : Moving transmission parts
1.4 Guarding *
• 1.4.1 : Guards – General requirements *

1. Essential Health and Safety
Requirements not shown are
not considered applicable for
this Partly Completed
Machinery or must be
fulfilled by the assembler of
the Machinery.

2. Essential Health and Safety
Requirements shown are
considered applicable for
this Partly Completed
Machinery and have been
fulfilled by the manufacturer
to the extent possible,
subject to the build
requirements of the
Machinery assembler, the
information contained in the
assembly instructions and
Cummins bulletins.

3. * Customers may request

• 1.4.2.1 : Fixed guards *
1.5 Other Hazards

• 1.5.2 : Static electricity
• 1.5.3 : Energy supply other than electric
• 1.5.4 : Errors of fitting
• 1.5.6 : Fire

Partly Completed Machinery
without some or all guarding
attached. In these cases
section 1.4 Guarding does
not apply and the Essential
Health and Safety
Requirements for guarding
must be fulfilled by the
assembler of the Machinery.

• 1.5.13 : Emissions of hazardous materials and
substances
1.7 Information

• 1.7.1 : Information and warnings on the machinery
• 1.7.4 : Instructions

Registered in England under Registration No. 441273.
Cummins Generator Technologies Ltd. Registered Office: Barnack Road, Stamford, Lincolnshire PE9 2NB, England.
DRAWING REF 450-16388-D

3.3

Additional Information for EMC Compliance
STAMFORD alternators are designed to meet EMC emissions and immunity standards for
industrial environments. Additional equipment may be required when the alternator is
installed in residential, commercial and light industrial environments.
The installation ‘earth/ground’ arrangements require the connection of the alternator frame to
the site protective earth conductor using a minimum lead length.

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Installation, maintenance and servicing must be carried out by adequately trained personnel
fully aware of the requirements of the relevant EC directives.

NOTICE
Cummins Generator Technologies is not liable for EMC compliance if unauthorized parts, not
of STAMFORD brand, are used for maintenance and servicing.

3.4

Additional Information for CSA Compliance
To comply with Canadian Standards Association (CSA) regulations, all external wiring and
components must be rated at the alternator rated voltage shown on the rating plate label.

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Introduction

4.1

General Description
The UC22/27 range of alternators is of brushless rotating field design, available up to 690 V,
50 Hz (1500 RPM) or 60 Hz (1800 RPM), and built to meet BS5000 Part 3 and international
standards.
All the UC22/27 range are self-excited as standard with excitation power derived from the
main output windings, using either the SX460 or AS440 AVR. The UC22 is also available
with specific windings and a transformer controlled excitation system.
A permanent magnet generator (PMG) powered excitation system is available as an option
using either the MX341 or MX321 AVR.

Alternator Name

4.3

UC

I

22

4

C

2

Number of poles

Core length
(A, B, C, ...)

Number of bearings
(1 = NDE, 2 = DE & NDE)

22

Frame size
(22, 27)

UC

Alternator model
(UC22, UC27)

Example:

UC ALTERNATOR NAMING FORMAT

Application
(I = industrial, M = marine)

TABLE 4.

Alternator type
(UC = standard,
UCG = Grid Code compliant,
UCD = dedicated, UC27 only)

4.2

-

Serial Number Location
A unique serial number is stamped into the drive end ring of the frame.

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4.4

Rating Plate
WARNING
Ejected Debris
Debris ejected during catastrophic failure can cause serious injury or death by impact,
severing or stabbing.
To prevent injury:

• Keep away from the air inlet and air outlet when the alternator is running.
• Do not put operator controls near the air inlet and air outlet.
• Do not cause overheating by running the alternator outside rating plate parameters.
• Do not overload the alternator.
• Do not run an alternator with excessive vibration.
• Do not synchronize parallel alternators outside the specified parameters.
The fixed rating plate label states the intended operating parameters of the alternator.

FIGURE 1.

4.5

GLOBAL STAMFORD AC ALTERNATOR RATING PLATE

Product Authentication
The STAMFORD high security, anti-counterfeit hologram is located on the Tracking
Label. Check that the dots are visible around the STAMFORD logo when viewing the
hologram from different angles and the word "GENUINE" appears behind the logo. Use a
flashlight to see these security features in low ambient light. Check that the alternator is
genuine by entering the unique 7 character hologram code at www.stamfordavk.com/verify.

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FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 3.

TRACKING LABEL

DOTS VISIBLE IN LEFT, RIGHT, UPPER AND LOWER VIEWS OF 3D HOLOGRAM

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Application of the Alternator
WARNING
Ejected Debris
Debris ejected during catastrophic failure can cause serious injury or death by impact,
severing or stabbing.
To prevent injury:

• Keep away from the air inlet and air outlet when the alternator is running.
• Do not put operator controls near the air inlet and air outlet.
• Do not cause overheating by running the alternator outside rating plate parameters.
• Do not overload the alternator.
• Do not run an alternator with excessive vibration.
• Do not synchronize parallel alternators outside the specified parameters.
It is the customer's responsibility to make sure that the selected alternator is suitable for the
final application.

5.1

Environment
The alternators are protected to IP23 as standard. IP23 is not adequate protection for use
outdoors without additional measures.
Ambient Temperature

-15° C to 40° C (5° F to 104° F)

Relative Humidity

< 70%

Altitude

< 1000 m (3280 ft)

The alternator has been designed for the environment shown in the table. The alternator can
operate outside these conditions if it is rated accordingly; the nameplate gives details. If the
operating environment is changed after purchase, refer to the factory for a revised alternator
rating.

5.2

Air Flow
TABLE 5.
Alternator model and
frequency

MINIMUM AIR FLOW AND MAXIMUM PRESSURE DROP
50 Hz

60 Hz

Minimum Air flow, m3/s (ft3/min)

Maximum intake to
outlet pressure drop,
mm (in) water gauge

UC22

0.216 (458)

0.281 (595)

6 (0.25)

UCD22

0.25 (530)

0.31 (657)

6 (0.25)

UC27

0.514 (1090)

0.617 (1308)

6 (0.25)

UCD27

0.58 (1230)

0.69 (1463)

6 (0.25)

Make sure that the air inlets and outlets are not blocked while the alternator is running.

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5.3

Airborne Contaminants
Contaminants such as salt, oil, exhaust fumes, chemicals, dust, and sand will reduce the
effectiveness of the insulation and the life of the windings. Consider using air filters and an
enclosure to protect the alternator.

5.4

Air Filters
Air filters trap airborne particulates above 5 microns. The filters must be cleaned or replaced
regularly, depending on site conditions. Check the filters frequently to establish an
appropriate service interval.
Alternators with factory-fitted filters are rated to account for the reduced flow rate of cooling
air. If filters are retrofitted, the alternator rating must be reduced by 5%.
Air filters do not remove water. Keep the filters dry with additional protection. Wet filters
further restrict airflow, causing the alternator to overheat and leading to premature failure of
the insulation.

5.5

Humid Conditions
The water carrying capacity of air depends on temperature. If the air temperature falls below
its saturation point, dew may form on the windings, reducing the electrical resistance of the
insulation. In humid conditions, additional protection may be required even if the alternator is
fitted inside an enclosure. Anti-condensation heaters are supplied on request.

5.6

Anti-Condensation Heaters
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

Power to the anti-condensation heater is supplied from a separate source. Anti-condensation
heaters raise the air temperature around the windings to deter condensation forming in
humid conditions when the alternator is not operating. Best practice is to energize the
heaters automatically when the alternator is off.

5.7

Enclosures
Fit an enclosure to protect the alternator from adverse environmental conditions. Make sure
that air entering the alternator is of adequate flowrate, free from moisture and contaminants,
and below the maximum ambient temperature on the rating plate.
Make sure there is sufficient access around the alternator for safe maintenance.

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5.8

Vibration
The alternators are designed to withstand the vibration levels encountered on generator sets
built to meet the requirements of ISO 8528-9 and BS 5000-3. (Where ISO 8528 is taken to
be broad band measurements and BS5000 refers to the predominant frequency of any
vibrations on the generator set).

NOTICE
Exceeding either of the above specifications will have a detrimental effect on the life of the
bearings and other components, and may invalidate the alternator warranty.

NOTICE
The terminal box is designed to support the fitted busbars or terminals,
transformers, load cables and auxiliary terminal box. Additional mass could cause
excessive vibration and lead to failure of the terminal box enclosure and mounting.
Refer to the Installation Manual to connect the load cables to the terminal box. Refer
to CGT before fixing any additional mass to the terminal box.

5.8.1

Definition of BS5000–3
Alternators shall be capable of continuously withstanding linear vibration levels with
amplitudes of 0.25 mm between 5 Hz and 8 Hz, and velocities of 9.0 mm/s RMS between 8
Hz and 200 Hz, when measured at any point directly on the carcass or main frame of the
machine. These limits refer only to the predominant frequency of vibration of any complex
waveform.

5.8.2

Definition of ISO 8528-9
ISO 8528-9 refers to a broad band of frequencies; the broad band is taken to be between 10
Hertz and 1000 Hertz. The table below is an extract from ISO 8528-9 (Table C.1, value 1).
This simplified table lists the vibration limits by kVA and speed for acceptable operation of
standard generator set designs.

5.8.3

Vibration Frequencies
The main vibration frequencies produced by the alternator are as follows:
• 4-pole 1500 RPM 25 Hz
• 4-pole 1800 RPM 30 Hz
Vibrations induced in the alternator by the engine are complex. It is the responsibility of the
generator set designer to ensure that the alignment and stiffness of the bedplate and
mountings do not allow vibration to exceed BS5000 part 3 and ISO 8528 part 9 limits.

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5.8.4

Linear Vibration Limits
Linear Vibration Levels As Measured On The Alternator - UC
Engine Speed
RPM
(min-1)

Power Output
S
(kVA)

Vibration
Displacement
RMS (mm)

Vibration
Velocity
RMS (mm/s)

Vibration
Acceleration
RMS (mm/s2)

1300 ≤ RPM < 2000

10 < S ≤ 50

0.64

40

25

50 < S ≤ 250

0.4

25

16

250 < S

0.32

20

13

The broad band is taken as 10 Hz - 1000 Hz

5.8.5

Linear Vibration Monitoring
We recommend using vibration analyzing equipment to measure vibration at the positions
shown below. Check that vibration of the generator set is below the limits stated in the
standards. If vibration is above the limits, the generator set builder should investigate the
root causes and eliminate them. Best practice is for the generator set builder to take initial
readings as a reference and for the user to periodically monitor vibration, according to the
recommended service schedule, to detect a deteriorating trend.

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5.8.6

Excessive Vibration
WARNING
Ejected Debris
Debris ejected during catastrophic failure can cause serious injury or death by impact,
severing or stabbing.
To prevent injury:

• Keep away from the air inlet and air outlet when the alternator is running.
• Do not put operator controls near the air inlet and air outlet.
• Do not cause overheating by running the alternator outside rating plate parameters.
• Do not overload the alternator.
• Do not run an alternator with excessive vibration.
• Do not synchronize parallel alternators outside the specified parameters.
If the measured vibration of the generator set is not within the limits:
1. The generator set manufacturer should change the generator set design to reduce the
vibration levels as much as possible.
2. Contact Cummins Generator Technologies to assess the impact on bearing and
alternator life expectancy.

5.9

Bearings

5.9.1

Sealed Bearings
Inspect sealed-for-life bearings periodically, according to the recommended service
schedule. Check for signs of wear, fretting or other detrimental features. Damage to seals,
grease leakage or discoloration of the bearing races indicate that the bearing may need to
be replaced.

5.9.2

Bearing Life
Factors that reduce bearing life or lead to bearing failure include:
• Adverse operating conditions and environment
• Stress caused by misalignment of the generator set
• Vibration from the engine that exceeds the limits in BS 5000-3 and ISO 8528-9
• Long periods (including transportation) when the alternator is stationary and subjected
to vibration can cause false brinelling wear (flats on the balls and grooves on the races)
• Very humid or wet conditions that cause corrosion and deterioration of the grease by
emulsification.

5.9.3

Health Monitoring of the Bearings
We recommend that the user checks the bearing condition using vibration monitoring
equipment. Best practice is to take initial readings as a reference and periodically monitor
the bearings to detect a deteriorating trend. It will then be possible to plan a bearing change
at an appropriate generator set or engine service interval.

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5.9.4

Bearing 'Service Life' Expectancy
Bearing manufacturers recognise that service life of bearings depends on factors that are
outside their control: Rather than quote a service life, practicable replacement intervals are
based on the L10 life of the bearing, the type of grease and the recommendations of the
bearing and grease manufacturers.
For general-purpose applications; if the correct maintenance is carried out, vibration levels
do not exceed the levels stated in ISO 8528-9 and BS5000-3, and the ambient temperature
does not exceed 50°C, plan to replace the bearings within 30,000 hours of operation.
UC alternator bearings are sealed for life and are not re-greasable.
If in doubt regarding any aspect of bearing life of a STAMFORD alternator, contact the
nearest authorized supplier of the STAMFORD factory.

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Installation into the Generator Set

6.1

Alternator Dimensions
Dimensions are included in the data sheet specific to the alternator model. Refer to the
rating plate to identify the alternator model.

NOTICE
Data sheets are available from www.stamford-avk.com

6.2

Lifting the Alternator
WARNING
Falling Mechanical Parts
Falling mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by impact, crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before lifting the alternator:

• Do not lift the complete generator set by the alternator lifting fixtures.
• Keep the alternator horizontal when lifting.
• Fit drive end and non-drive end transit fittings to single bearing alternators to keep the
main rotor in the frame.

Before coupling, remove the drive end transit arrangement. After coupling, remove the nondrive end transit bar. Lift the alternator by hooks or shackles attached to the lifting points
(lugs or eyes) provided. A label attached to a lifting point shows the correct lifting
arrangement. Use chains of sufficient length, and a spreader bar if necessary, to make sure
that the chains are vertical when lifting. Make sure that the capacity of the lifting equipment
is sufficient for the alternator mass shown on the label.

FIGURE 4.

6.3

LIFTING LABEL

Storage
If the alternator will not to be used immediately, it must be stored in a clean, dry, vibrationfree environment. We recommend the use of anti-condensation heaters, when available.
If the alternator can be rotated, turn the rotor a minimum of 6 revolutions every month during
storage.

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6.3.1

After Storage
After a period of storage, carry out the pre-running checks to determine the condition of the
windings. If the windings are damp or the insulation resistance is low, follow one of the
drying out procedures (see Chapter 7 on page 31).
Before putting the alternator into service, refer to the following table.
TABLE 6.

Sealed Bearing(s)

6.3.2

Not Rotated during Storage

Rotated during Storage

If stored less than 12 months, put
the alternator into service.
If stored more than 12 months,
replace the bearing(s) then put the
alternator into service.

If stored less than 24 months, put
the alternator into service.
If stored more than 24 months,
replace the bearing(s) then put the
alternator into service.

Storage Instruction
When an alternator is stationary, in storage or otherwise, it may be subjected to
environmental factors, such as vibration, humidity, temperature and airborne contaminant
particles, that could degrade the bearing arrangements.
Contact CGT for advice in advance if the alternator will be stationary for long periods.

6.4

Side Loads
For belt-driven generators, make sure drive end and drive pulleys are aligned to avoid axial
load on the bearings. We recommend screw type tensioning devices to allow accurate
adjustment of belt tension whilst maintaining pulley alignment.
Belt and pulley guards must be provided by the generator set builder.
Important! Incorrect belt tensioning will result in excessive bearing wear.
2/4-Pole

6.5

Side Load

Shaft extension
mm

Kg

N

UC22

408

4000

110

UC27

510

5000

140

Generator Set Coupling
WARNING
Moving Mechanical Parts
Moving mechanical parts during generator set coupling can cause serious injury by crushing,
severing or trapping.
To prevent injury, keep arms, hands and fingers away from mating surfaces when coupling
the generator set.

NOTICE
Do not attempt to rotate the alternator rotor by levering against the vanes of the cooling fan.
The fan is not designed to withstand such forces and will be damaged.

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Efficient operation and long component life depend on minimizing mechanical stresses on
the alternator. When coupled in a generator set, misalignment and vibration interactions with
the prime mover engine can cause mechanical stress.
Generator sets need a substantial flat continuous bedplate to suit the installation site floor
loading, with engine and alternator mounting pads to make a firm base for accurate
alignment. The height of all mounting pads must be within 0.25 mm for skid mounting, 3 mm
for non-adjustable anti-vibration mounts (AVM) or 10 mm for adjustable height AVMs. Use
shims to achieve level. The rotational axes of alternator rotor and engine output shaft must
be coaxial (radial alignment) and perpendicular to the same plane (angular alignment). The
axial alignment of the alternator and engine coupling must be within 0.5 mm, to allow for
thermal expansion without unwanted axial force on the bearings at operating temperature.
Vibration can occur by flexing of the coupling. The alternator is designed for a maximum
bending moment not exceeding 140 kgm (1000 lbs ft). Check the maximum bending
moment of the engine flange with the engine manufacturer.
Close-coupling of alternator and engine can increase the rigidity of the generator set. Both
single and two bearing alternators can be close-coupled. The generator set builder must
supply guarding for open-coupled applications.
To prevent rust during transit and storage, the alternator frame spigot, rotor coupling plates
and shaft extension have been treated with a rust preventative coating. Remove this before
coupling the generator set.
To prevent movement of the rotor during transport, single bearing alternators without a
permanent magnet alternator (PMG) have a non-drive end (NDE) transit bracket fitted.
Remove the NDE cover, remove the NDE transit bracket and fasteners, then refit the NDE
cover before coupling the generator set.

FIGURE 5.

SINGLE BEARING ALTERNATOR ROTOR SHOWING COUPLING DISCS BOLTED TO
DRIVE END COUPLING HUB (AT RIGHT)

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FIGURE 6.

6.5.1

TWO BEARING ALTERNATOR ROTOR SHOWING SHAFT WITH KEYWAY FOR
FLEXIBLE COUPLING (AT RIGHT)

Single Bearing
WARNING
Falling Mechanical Parts
Falling mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by impact, crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before lifting the alternator:

• Do not lift the complete generator set by the alternator lifting fixtures.
• Keep the alternator horizontal when lifting.
• Fit drive end and non-drive end transit fittings to single bearing alternators to keep the
main rotor in the frame.

1. Remove the drive end transit bracket that keeps the rotor in place during transport.
2. Remove the air outlet covers from the drive end of the alternator to access the coupling
and adaptor bolts.
3. Make sure the coupling discs are concentric with the adaptor spigot.
4. Fit two alignment dowels into flywheel bolt holes 180 degrees apart to help align the
disc and the flywheel.
5. Lift and offer the alternator to the engine, barring the engine over by hand to align discs
and flywheel.
6. Engage the alignment dowels into coupling disc bolt holes and push the alternator
towards the engine until the coupling discs are against the flywheel face.

NOTICE
Do not pull the alternator to the engine using bolts through the flexible discs.

7. Fit the adaptor bolts, using heavy gauge washers under the heads. Tighten the adapter
bolts evenly around the adapter.
8. Check the torque of each bolt in a clockwise direction around the bolt circle to ensure
all the bolts are tight. Refer to the engine manufacturer’s manual for correct tightening
torque.
9. Remove the alignment dowels. Fit the coupling bolts, using heavy gauge washers
under the heads.

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10. Tighten the bolts to fix the coupling disc to the flywheel, in the sequence shown above.
11. Check the torque of each bolt in a clockwise direction around the bolt circle to ensure
all the bolts are tight.
12. If a PMG is not fitted, remove the NDE transit bracket.
13. Replace all covers.

6.5.2

Two Bearing
A flexible coupling, designed to suit the specific engine/alternator combination, is
recommended to minimise torsional vibration effects.
If a close coupling adaptor is used the alignment of machined faces must be checked by
offering the alternator up to the engine. Shim the alternator feet if necessary.

6.6

Pre-Running Checks
Before starting the generator set, test the insulation resistance of windings, check all
connections are tight and in the correct location. Ensure the alternator air path is clear of
obstructions. Replace all covers.

6.7

Direction of Rotation
The fan is designed for clockwise rotation, as viewed from the drive end of the alternator
(unless otherwise specified when ordered). If the alternator must run counter-clockwise,
please seek advice from Cummins Generator Technologies.

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6.8

Phase Rotation
Main stator output is connected for a phase sequence of U V W when the alternator runs
clockwise, as viewed from the drive end. If the phase rotation must be reversed, the
customer must re-connect the output cables in the terminal box. Ask Cummins Generator
Technologies for a circuit diagram of ‘reverse phase connections’.

6.9

Voltage and Frequency
Check that the voltage and frequency shown on the alternator rating plate meet the
requirements of the generator set application.

6.10

AVR Settings
The AVR is factory set for initial running tests. Check that the AVR settings are compatible
with your required output. Refer to detailed instructions in the AVR manual for on- and offload adjustments.

6.11

Electrical Connections
WARNING
Incorrect Electrical Installation and System Protection
Incorrect electrical installation and system protection can cause serious injury or death by
electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury, installers must be qualified and are responsible for meeting appropriate
inspectorate and local electricity authority requirements and site safety rules.

NOTICE
The terminal box is designed to support the fitted busbars or terminals,
transformers, load cables and auxiliary terminal box. Additional mass could cause
excessive vibration and lead to failure of the terminal box enclosure and mounting.
Refer to CGT before fixing any additional mass to the terminal box.

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Fault current curves and alternator reactance values are available on request from the
factory so that the system designer can calculate the necessary fault protection and/or
discrimination.
The installer must check that the alternator frame is bonded to the generator set bedplate,
and must bond to site earth. If anti-vibration mounts are fitted between the alternator frame
and its bedplate, a suitably-rated earth conductor must bridge across the anti-vibration
mount.
Refer to wiring diagrams for electrical connection of the load cables. Electrical connections
are made in the terminal box, constructed with removable panels to suit site-specific cable
entry and glanding. Panels must be removed to be drilled or cut to prevent swarf entering
the terminal box or alternator. After wiring, inspect the terminal box, remove all debris using
a vacuum cleaner if necessary and check that no internal components are damaged or
disturbed.
As standard, the alternator neutral is not bonded to the alternator frame. If required, neutral
may be connected to the earth terminal in the terminal box, by a conductor of at least one
half of the sectional area of a phase lead.
Load cables must be supported appropriately to avoid a tight radius at the point of entry into
the terminal box, clamped at the terminal box gland, and allow at least ±25 mm movement
by the generator set on its anti-vibration mountings, without causing excessive stress to the
cables and alternator load terminals.

6.12

Grid Connection: Voltage Surges and MicroInterruptions
Take precautions to prevent transient voltages generated by the connected load and/or the
distribution system from causing damage to the alternator components.
To identify any possible risk, all aspects of the alternator’s proposed application should be
considered, especially the following:
• Loads with characteristics that result in large load step changes.
• Load control by switchgear, and power control by any method likely to generate
transient voltage spikes.
• Distribution systems susceptible to external influences, such as lightning strikes.
• Applications involving parallel operation to a mains supply, where the risk of a mains
disturbance in the form of a micro-interruption could occur.
If the alternator is at risk from voltage surges or micro-interruptions, include adequate
protection into the generation system, usually with surge arrestors and suppressors, to meet
regulations and installation requirements.
Surge protection must reduce the peak voltage at the alternator of a transient pulse of 5 µs
rise time to less than 1.25 x √2 x (2 x rated output voltage + 1000 V). Best practise is to fit
protective devices close to the output terminals. Refer to guidance from professional bodies
and specialist equipment suppliers for further advice.

6.13

Varying Load
Under certain conditions, load variations can reduce alternator life.
Identify any possible risk, especially the following:
• Large capacitive loads (for example Power Factor Correction equipment) can affect
alternator stability and cause pole slip.

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• Stepped grid voltage variation (for example Tap Changing).
If the alternator is at risk from varying load, include adequate protection into the generator
set system by under-excitation protection.

6.14

Synchronization
WARNING
Ejected Debris
Debris ejected during catastrophic failure can cause serious injury or death by impact,
severing or stabbing.
To prevent injury:

• Keep away from the air inlet and air outlet when the alternator is running.
• Do not put operator controls near the air inlet and air outlet.
• Do not cause overheating by running the alternator outside rating plate parameters.
• Do not overload the alternator.
• Do not run an alternator with excessive vibration.
• Do not synchronize parallel alternators outside the specified parameters.

6.14.1 Parallel or Synchronizing Alternators

FIGURE 7.

PARALLEL OR SYNCHRONIZING ALTERNATORS

The quadrature droop current transformer (Droop CT) gives a signal proportional to reactive
current; the AVR adjusts excitation to reduce circulating current and allow each alternator to
share reactive load. A factory-fitted droop CT is pre-set for 5% voltage drop at full-load zero
power factor. Refer to the supplied AVR manual for droop adjustment.
• The synchronizing switch/breaker (CB1, CB2) must be of a type that will not cause
“contact bounce” when it operates.
• The synchronizing switch/breaker must be adequately rated to withstand the
continuous full load current of the alternator.
• The switch/breaker must be able to withstanding the rigorous closing cycles during
synchronizing and the currents produced if the alternator is paralleled out of
synchronizm.
• The closing time of the synchronizing switch/breaker must be under the control of the
synchronizer settings.
• The switch/breaker must be capable of operation under fault conditions such as short
circuits. Alternator data sheets are available.

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NOTICE
The fault level may include a contribution from other alternators as well as from the
grid/mains utility.

The method of synchronizing should be either automatic, or by check synchronizing. The
use of manual synchronizing is not recommended. The settings on the synchronizing
equipment should be such that the alternator will close smoothly.
The Phase sequence must match
Voltage difference

+/- 0.5%

Frequency difference

0.1 Hz/sec

Phase angle

+/- 10o

C/B closing time

50 ms

The settings for the synchronizing equipment to achieve this must be within these
parameters.
The voltage difference when paralleling with the grid/mains utility is +/- 3% .

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Service and Maintenance

7.1

Recommended Service Schedule
Refer to Safety Precautions section (Chapter 2 on page 3) of this manual before starting
any service and maintenance activity.
Refer to Parts Identification section (Chapter 8 on page 49) for an exploded view of
components and fastener information.
The recommended service schedule shows the recommended service activities in table
rows, grouped by alternator subsystem. Columns of the table show the types of service
activity, whether the alternator must be running, and the service levels. Service frequency is
given in running hours or time interval, whichever is sooner. A cross (X) in the cells where a
row intersects the columns shows a service activity type and when it is required. An asterisk
(*) shows a service activity done only when necessary.
All service levels in the recommended service schedule can be purchased directly from
Cummins Generator Technologies Customer Service Department,
Telephone: +44 1780 484732,
Email: service-engineers@cumminsgeneratortechnologies.com
1. Proper service and repair are vital to the reliable operation of your alternator and the
safety of anyone coming into contact with the alternator.
2. These service activities are intended to maximize the life of the alternator but shall not
vary, extend or change the terms of the manufacturer's standard warranty or your
obligations in that warranty.
3. Each service interval is a guide only, and developed on the basis that the alternator
was installed and is operated in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines. If the
alternator is located and/or operated in adverse or unusual environmental conditions,
the service intervals may need to be more frequent. The alternator should be
continually monitored between services to identify any potential failure modes, signs of
misuse, or excessive wear and tear.

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ALTERNATOR SERVICE SCHEDULE

Generator
Windings
Bearings
Terminal Box

X

X

Bedplate arrangement

X

X

Coupling arrangement

X

X

Environmental
conditions and
cleanliness

X

X

X

X

Ambient temperature
(inside & outside)

X

30,000 hrs / 5 years

Level 3

10,000 hrs / 2 years

Level 2

1000 hrs / 1 year

250 hrs / 0.5 year

Post Commission

Commission

Replace

Clean

Test

SERVICE LEVEL

Generator rating

*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Complete machine damage, loose parts &
earth bonds

X

X

X

X

X

X

Guards, screens,
warning and safety
labels

X

X

X

X

X

X

Maintenance access

X

X

Electrical nominal
operating conditions &
excitation

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Vibration

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

*

*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Condition of windings

32

Inspect

X = required
* = if necessary

TYPE

Alternator running

System

SERVICE ACTIVITY

Level 1

TABLE 7.

X

Insulation resistance of
all windings

X

Insulation resistance of
rotor, exciter and PMG

X

Temperature sensors

X

X

X

Customer settings for
temperature sensors

X

X

Sealed bearing(s)

X

X

Sealed bearing(s)
Temperature sensors
Customer settings for
temperature sensors
All generator/customer
connections and
cabling

every 4000 to 4500 hours

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

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Controls & Auxiliaries

Initial AVR & PFC set
up

X

X

AVR & PFC settings

X

X

Rectifier

X

X

Function of auxiliaries

X

X

Synchronization

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

*

X

X
X

X

Diodes and varistors

X

X

X

X

X

Three phase rectifier (if
fitted)

X

X

X

X

X

Diodes and varistors

X
X

Air flow (rate &
direction)

X

Condition of fan
Condition of air filter
(where fitted)
Air filters (where fitted)

7.2

Bearings

7.2.1

Introduction

30,000 hrs / 5 years

X

X

Air inlet temperature

Level 3

10,000 hrs / 2 years

Level 2

1000 hrs / 1 year

Level 1

250 hrs / 0.5 year
X

Customer connection of
auxiliaries

Synchronization
settings

Post Commission

Commission
X

Anti condensation
heater

Cooling

SERVICE LEVEL

Replace

Clean

Test

Inspect

X = required
* = if necessary

TYPE

Alternator running

System

SERVICE ACTIVITY

X

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

*

*

*

X
X

X

NOTICE
Store removed parts and tools in static- and dust-free conditions, to prevent damage or
contamination.
A bearing is damaged by the axial force needed to remove it from the rotor shaft. Do not
reuse a bearing.
A bearing is damaged if the insertion force is applied through the bearing balls. Do not press
fit the outer race by force on the inner race, or vice versa.
Do not try to turn the rotor by levering against the cooling fan vanes. The fan will be
damaged.

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The alternator rotor is supported by a bearing at the non-drive end (NDE) and by either a
bearing or a coupling to the prime mover at the drive end (DE).
• Inspect each bearing according to the recommended service schedule. Seek advice
from CGT if grease has leaked out of the bearing, notifying the bearing type and
quantity leaked.

7.2.2

Safety
DANGER
Rotating Mechanical Parts
Rotating mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over rotating parts, isolate the generator set
from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety procedures.

WARNING
Hot Surfaces
Skin contact with hot surfaces can cause serious injury by burns.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

CAUTION
Grease
Skin contact with grease can cause minor or moderate injury by contact dermatitis.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

NOTICE
Do not overfill a bearing with grease; the bearing may be damaged.
Do not mix lubricant types. Change gloves to handle different lubricant
Assemble bearings in static- and dust-free conditions while wearing lint free gloves.
Store removed parts and tools in static- and dust-free conditions, to prevent damage or
contamination.
A bearing is damaged by the axial force needed to remove it from the rotor shaft. Do not
reuse a bearing.
A bearing is damaged if the insertion force is applied through the bearing balls. Do not press
fit the outer race by force on the inner race, or vice versa.
Do not try to turn the rotor by levering against the cooling fan vanes. The fan will be
damaged.

7.3

Controls

7.3.1

Introduction
An operating alternator is a harsh environment for control components. Heat and vibration
can cause electrical connections to loosen and cables to fail. Routine inspection and test
can identify an issue before it becomes a failure that incurs unplanned downtime.

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7.3.2

Safety
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

WARNING
Hot Surfaces
Skin contact with hot surfaces can cause serious injury by burns.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

7.3.3

Requirements
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Wear mandatory site PPE

Consumables

None

Parts

None

Tools

Multimeter
Torque wrench

7.3.4

Inspect and Test
1. Remove the terminal box lid
2. Check the tightness of fasteners securing the load cables.
3. Check that cables are firmly clamped at the terminal box gland, and allow ±25 mm
movement by an alternator on anti-vibration mounts.
4. Check that all cables are anchored and unstressed within the terminal box.
5. Check all cables for signs of damage.
6. Check that AVR accessories and current transformers are correctly fitted, and cables
pass centrally through current transformers.
7. If an anti-condensation heater is fitted
a. Isolate the supply and measure the electrical resistance of the heater element(s).
Replace the heater element if open circuit.
b. Test the supply voltage to the anti-condensation heater at the heater connection
box. 120 VAC or 240 VAC. (depending on cartridge option and shown on a label)
should be present when the alternator is stopped.
8. Check that AVR and AVR accessories fitted in the terminal box are clean, securely
fitted on anti-vibration mounts, and the cable connectors are firmly attached to the
terminals.
9. For parallel operation*, check that the synchronization control cables are securely
connected. (*not applicable to S0 and S1 alternators)
10. Refit and secure the terminal box lid.

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7.4

Cooling System

7.4.1

Introduction
The alternators are designed to meet standards supporting EU Safety Directives, and are
rated for the effect of operating temperature on winding insulation.
BS EN 60085 (≡ IEC 60085) Electrical insulation – Thermal Evaluation and Designation
classifies insulation by the maximum operating temperature for a reasonable service life.
Although chemical contamination and electrical and mechanical stresses also contribute,
temperature is the dominant aging factor. Fan cooling maintains a stable operating
temperature below the insulation class limit.
If the operating environment differs from the values shown on the rating plate, rated output
must be reduced by
• 3% for class H insulation for every 5 °C that the temperature of the ambient air entering
the cooling fan exceeds 40 °C, up to a maximum of 60 °C
• 3% for every 500 m increase in altitude above 1000 m, up to 4000 m, due to the
reduced thermal capacity of lower density air, and
• 5% if air filters are fitted, due to restricted air flow.
Efficient cooling depends on maintaining the condition of the cooling fan, air filters and
gaskets.

7.4.2

Safety
DANGER
Rotating Mechanical Parts
Rotating mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over rotating parts, isolate the generator set
from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety procedures.

WARNING
Hot Surfaces
Skin contact with hot surfaces can cause serious injury by burns.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

CAUTION
Dust
Inhaling dust can cause minor or moderate injury by irritating the lungs. Dust can cause
minor or moderate injury by irritating the eyes.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE). Ventilate the area
to disperse dust.

NOTICE
Do not attempt to rotate the alternator rotor by levering against the vanes of the
cooling fan. The fan is not designed to withstand such forces and will be damaged.
NOTICE
Filters are designed to remove dust, not moisture. Wet filter elements can cause
reduced air flow and overheating. Do not allow filter elements to get wet.

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7.4.3

Requirements
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Wear mandatory site PPE
Wear eye protection
Wear respiratory protection

Consumables

Lint-free cleaning cloths
Thin disposable gloves

Parts

Air filters (if fitted)
Air filter sealing gaskets (if fitted)

Tools

7.4.4

None

Inspect and Clean
1. Inspect the fan for damaged vanes and cracks.
2. Remove air filters (at the fan and terminal box, if fitted) from their frames.
3. Wash and dry the air filters and gaskets to remove contaminant particles.
4. Inspect the filters and gaskets for damage and replace, as necessary.
5. Install the filters and gaskets.
6. Reinstate the generator set for running.
7. Make sure the air inlets and outlets are not blocked.

7.5

Coupling

7.5.1

Introduction
Efficient operation and long component life rely on minimizing mechanical stresses on the
alternator. When coupled in a generator set, misalignment and vibration interactions with the
prime mover engine can cause mechanical stress.
The rotational axes of alternator rotor and engine output shaft must be coaxial (radial and
angular alignment).
Torsional vibration can cause damage to internal combustion engine shaft-driven systems, if
not controlled. The generator set manufacturer is responsible for assessing the effect of
torsional vibration on the alternator: Rotor dimensions and inertia, and coupling details are
available on request.

7.5.2

Safety
NOTICE
Do not attempt to rotate the alternator rotor by levering against the vanes of the cooling fan.
The fan is not designed to withstand such forces and will be damaged.

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7.5.3

Requirements
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Wear mandatory site PPE

Consumables

None

Parts

None

Tools

Dial gauge
Torque wrench

7.5.4

Inspect Mounting Points
1. Check the generator set bedplate and mounting pads are in good condition, not
cracked
2. Check that rubber in anti-vibration mounts has not perished
3. Check vibration monitoring historical records for a trend of increasing vibration

7.5.4.1 Single Bearing Coupling
1. Remove the DE adapter screen and cover to access the coupling
2. Check that the coupling discs are not damaged, cracked or distorted, and the coupling
disc holes are not elongated. If any are damaged, replace the complete set of discs.
3. Check tightness of bolts fixing the coupling discs to the engine flywheel. Tighten in the
sequence shown for alternator coupling in the Installation chapter, to the torque
recommended by the engine manufacturer.
4. Replace the DE adapter screen and drip proof cover.

7.6

Rectifier System

7.6.1

Introduction
The rectifier converts alternating current (AC) induced in the exciter rotor windings into direct
current (DC) to magnetize the main rotor poles. The rectifier comprises two semicircular
annular positive and negative plates, each with three diodes. In addition to connecting to the
main rotor, the DC output of the rectifier also connects to a varistor. The varistor protects the
rectifier from voltage spikes and surge voltages that may be present on the rotor under
various loading conditions of the alternator.

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Diodes provide a low resistance to current in one direction only: Positive current will flow
from anode to cathode, or another way of viewing it is that negative current will flow from
cathode to anode.
The exciter rotor windings are connected to 3 diode anodes to form the positive plate and to
3 diode cathodes to form the negative plate to give full wave rectification from AC to DC.
The rectifier is mounted on, and rotates with, the exciter rotor at the non-drive end (NDE).

7.6.2

Safety
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

DANGER
Rotating Mechanical Parts
Rotating mechanical parts can cause serious injury or death by crushing, severing or
trapping.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over rotating parts, isolate the generator set
from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety procedures.

7.6.3

Requirements
Type

Description

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)

Wear appropriate PPE.

Consumables

Loctite 241 thread locking adhesive
Midland silicone heat sink compound type MS2623 or similar

Parts

Full set of three anode lead diodes and three cathode lead diodes
(all from the same manufacturer)
One metal-oxide varistor

Tools

Multimeter
Insulation tester
Torque wrench

7.6.4

Test and Replace Varistor
1. Inspect the varistor, (if fitted).
2. Record varistor as faulty if there are signs of overheating (discoloration, blisters,
melting) or disintegration.
3. Disconnect one varistor lead. Store fastener and washers.
4. Measure the resistance across the varistor. Good varistors have a resistance greater
than 100 MΩ.
5. Record the varistor as faulty if the resistance is short circuit or open circuit in either
direction. (Some multimeters will read O.L. at high resistance levels. Please be aware
of the limits of your tools.)
6. If the varistor is faulty, replace it and replace all diodes.

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7. Reconnect and check that all leads are secure, washers fitted and fasteners tight.

7.6.5

Test and Replace Diodes
NOTICE
Do not tighten a diode above the stated torque. The diode will be damaged.
1. Disconnect the lead of one diode where it joins the windings at the insulated terminal
post. Store fastener and washers.
2. Measure the voltage drop across the diode in the forward direction, using the diode test
function of a multimeter.
3. Measure the resistance across the diode in the reverse direction, using the 1000 Vd.c.
test voltage of an insulation tester.
4. Diode is faulty if the voltage drop in the forward direction is outside the range 0.3 to 0.9
V, or the resistance is below 20 MΩ in the reverse direction.
5. Repeat the tests for the five remaining diodes.
6. If any diode is faulty, replace the full set of six diodes (same type, same manufacturer):
a. Remove diode(s).
b. Apply a small amount of heat sink compound only to the base of the replacement
diode(s), not the threads.
c. Check polarity of diode(s).
d. Screw each replacement diode into a threaded hole in the rectifier plate.
e. Apply 2.0 to 2.25 Nm (18 to 20 in-lb) torque to give good mechanical, electrical
and thermal contact.
f. Replace the varistor.
7. Reconnect and check that all leads are secure, washers fitted and fasteners tight.

7.7

Temperature Sensors

7.7.1

Introduction
The alternators are designed to meet standards supporting EU Safety Directives, and
recommended operating temperatures. Temperature sensors (where fitted) detect abnormal
overheating of the main stator windings and bearing(s). Sensors are of two types Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) sensors, with three wires, and Positive
Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors, with two wires – which are connected to a
terminal block in the auxiliary or main terminal box. The resistance of Platinum (PT100) RTD
sensors increases linearly with temperature.

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TABLE 8.

RESISTANCE (Ω) OF PT100 SENSOR BETWEEN 40 TO 180 °C

Temperature
(°C)

+1 °C

+ 2 °C

+3 °C

+ 4 °C + 5 °C + 6 °C + 7 °C + 8 °C + 9 °C

40.00

115.54 115.93 116.31 116.70 117.08 117.47 117.86 118.24 118.63 119.01

50.00

119.40 119.78 120.17 120.55 120.94 121.32 121.71 122.09 122.47 122.86

60.00

123.24 123.63 124.01 124.39 124.78 125.16 125.54 125.93 126.31 126.69

70.00

127.08 127.46 127.84 128.22 128.61 128.99 129.37 129.75 130.13 130.52

80.00

130.90 131.28 131.66 132.04 132.42 132.80 133.18 133.57 133.95 134.33

90.00

134.71 135.09 135.47 135.85 136.23 136.61 136.99 137.37 137.75 138.13

100.00

138.51 138.88 139.26 139.64 140.02 140.40 140.78 141.16 141.54 141.91

110.00

142.29 142.67 143.05 143.43 143.80 144.18 144.56 144.94 145.31 145.69

120.00

146.07 146.44 146.82 147.20 147.57 147.95 148.33 148.70 149.08 149.46

130.00

149.83 150.21 150.58 150.96 151.33 151.71 152.08 152.46 152.83 153.21

140.00

153.58 153.96 154.33 154.71 155.08 155.46 155.83 156.20 156.58 156.95

150.00

157.33 157.70 158.07 158.45 158.82 159.19 159.56 159.94 160.31 160.68

160.00

161.05 161.43 161.80 162.17 162.54 162.91 163.29 163.66 164.03 164.40

170.00

164.77 165.14 165.51 165.89 166.26 166.63 167.00 167.37 167.74 168.11

180.00

168.48

PTC thermistors are characterised by a sudden increase in resistance at a reference
“switching” temperature. Customer-supplied external equipment may be connected to
monitor the sensors and generate signals to raise an alarm and to shutdown the generator
set.
BS EN 60085 (≡ IEC 60085) Electrical insulation – Thermal Evaluation and Designation
classifies insulation of windings by the maximum operating temperature for a reasonable
service life. To avoid damage to windings, signals should be set, appropriate to the
insulation class shown on the alternator rating plate.
TABLE 9.

ALARM AND SHUTDOWN TEMPERATURE SETTINGS FOR WINDINGS

Windings insulation

Max. Continuous
temperature (°C)

Alarm temperature
(°C)

Shutdown
temperature (°C)

Class B

130

120

140

Class F

155

145

165

Class H

180

170

190

To detect overheating of bearings, control signals should be set according to the following
table.
TABLE 10. ALARM AND SHUTDOWN TEMPERATURE SETTINGS FOR BEARINGS
Bearings

Alarm temperature (°C)

Shutdown temperature (°C)

Drive end bearing

45 + maximum ambient

50 + maximum ambient

Non-drive end bearing

40 + maximum ambient

45 + maximum ambient

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7.7.2

Safety
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

WARNING
Hot Surfaces
Skin contact with hot surfaces can cause serious injury by burns.
To prevent injury, wear appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

7.7.3

Test RTD Temperature Sensors
1. Remove the terminal box lid.
2. Identify the sensor leads at the terminal block and where each sensor is fitted
3. Measure the resistance between the white and each red wire of one sensor
4. Calculate the sensor temperature from the measured resistance
5. Compare calculated temperature with temperature indicated by external monitoring
equipment (if available)
6. Compare alarm and shutdown signal settings (if available) with recommended settings
7. Repeat steps 3 to 7 for each sensor
8. Refit the terminal box lid.
9. Contact Cummins Customer Service Help Desk to replace faulty sensors.

7.8

Windings

7.8.1

High Voltage Test
NOTICE
Windings have been tested at high voltage during manufacture. Repeated high voltage tests
may degrade the insulation and reduce operating life. If a further test is required at
installation for customer acceptance, it must be done at a reduced voltage, V = 0.8 x (2 x
Rated Voltage + 1000). Once in service, any further tests for maintenance purposes must be
done after passing visual checks and insulation resistance tests, and at a reduced voltage, V
= (1.5 x Rated Voltage).

7.8.2

Introduction
NOTICE
Disconnect all control wiring and customer load leads from alternator winding
connections before conducting these tests.

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NOTICE
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) contains electronic components which
would be damaged by high voltage applied during insulation resistance tests. The
AVR must be disconnected before doing any insulation resistance test. Temperature
sensors must be grounded to earth before doing any insulation resistance test.
Damp or dirty windings have a lower electrical resistance and could be damaged by
insulation resistance tests at high voltage. If in doubt, test the resistance at low
voltage (500 V) first.
Alternator performance depends on good electrical insulation of the windings. Electrical,
mechanical and thermal stresses, and chemical and environmental contamination, cause the
insulation to degrade. Various diagnostic tests indicate the condition of insulation by
charging or discharging a test voltage on isolated windings, measuring current flow, and
calculating the electrical resistance by Ohm’s law.
When a DC test voltage is first applied, three currents can flow:
• Capacitive Current: To charge the winding to the test voltage (decays to zero in
seconds),
• Polarizing Current: To align the insulation molecules to the applied electric field
(decays to near-zero in ten minutes), and
• Leakage Current: Discharge to earth where the insulation resistance is lowered by
moisture and contamination (increases to a constant in seconds).
For an insulation resistance test, a single measurement is made one minute after a DC test
voltage is applied, when capacitive current has ended. For the polarization index test, a
second measurement is made after ten minutes. An acceptable result is where the second
insulation resistance measurement is at least double the first, because the polarization
current has decayed. In poor insulation, where leakage current dominates, the two values
are similar. A dedicated Insulation Tester takes accurate, reliable measurements and may
automate some tests.

7.8.3

Safety
DANGER
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors can cause serious injury or death by electric shock and burns.
To prevent injury and before removing covers over electrical conductors, isolate the
generator set from all energy sources, remove stored energy and use lock out/tag out safety
procedures.

WARNING
Live Electrical Conductors
Live electrical conductors at the winding terminals after an insulation resistance test can
cause serious injury or death by electric shock or burns.
To prevent injury, discharge the windings by shorting to earth through an earthing rod for at
least 5 minutes.

7.8.4

Requirements
Type

Description

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)

Wear mandatory site PPE

Consumables

None

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Type

Description

Parts

None

Tools

Insulation test meter
Multimeter
Milliohm Meter or Micro Ohmmeter
Clamp Ammeter
Infrared thermometer

7.8.5

Test the Electrical Resistance of Windings
1. Stop the alternator.
2. Verify the electrical resistance of the exciter field (stator) winding:
a. Disconnect the exciter field leads F1 and F2 from the AVR.
b. Measure and record the electrical resistance between F1 and F2 leads with a
multimeter.
c. Reconnect the exciter field leads F1 and F2.
d. Make sure the fasteners are secure.
3. Verify the electrical resistance of the exciter armature (rotor) winding:
a. Mark the leads attached to diodes on one of the two rectifier plates.
b. Disconnect all exciter rotor leads from all diodes at the rectifier.
c. Measure and record the electrical resistance between pairs of marked leads
(between phase windings). A specialist micro ohmmeter must be used.
d. Reconnect all exciter rotor leads to the diodes.
e. Make sure the fasteners are secure.
4. Verify the electrical resistance of the main field (rotor) winding:
a. Disconnect the two main rotor DC leads from the rectifier plates.
b. Measure and record the electrical resistance between the main rotor leads. A
specialist micro ohmmeter must be used.
c. Reconnect the two main rotor DC leads to the rectifier plates.
d. Make sure the fasteners are secure.
5. Verify the electrical resistance of the main armature (stator) winding:
a. Disconnect the leads of the main stator from the output terminals.
b. Measure and record the electrical resistance between U1 and U2 leads and
between U5 and U6 (if present). A specialist micro ohmmeter must be used.
c. Measure and record the electrical resistance between V1 and V2 leads and
between V5 and V6 (if present). A specialist micro ohmmeter must be used.
d. Measure and record the electrical resistance between W1 and W2 leads and
between W5 and W6 (if present). A specialist micro ohmmeter must be used.
e. Reconnect the leads to the output terminals, as before.
f. Make sure the fasteners are secure.
6. Verify the electrical resistance of the PMG armature (stator) winding, if fitted:
a. Disconnect the three PMG output leads P2, P3 and P4 from the AVR.

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b. Measure and record the electrical resistance between pairs of the PMG output
leads, with a multimeter.
c. Reconnect the three PMG output leads P2, P3 and P4 to the AVR.
d. Make sure the fasteners are secure.
7. Refer to the Technical Data (Chapter 9 on page 53) to verify the measured resistances
of all windings agree with the reference values.

7.8.6

Test the Insulation Resistance of Windings
NOTICE
The alternator must not be put into service until the minimum insulation resistance
is achieved.
TABLE 11. TEST VOLTAGE AND MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE INSULATION RESISTANCE
FOR NEW AND IN-SERVICE ALTERNATORS
Test
Voltage
(V)

Minimum Insulation Resistance at 1
minute (MΩ)
New

In-service

Main stator

500

10

5

PMG stator

500

5

3

Exciter stator

500

10

5

Exciter rotor, rectifier & main rotor
combined

500

10

5

1. Inspect the windings for mechanical damage or discoloration from overheating. Clean
the insulation if there is hygroscopic dust and dirt contamination.
2. For main stators:
a. Disconnect the neutral to earth conductor (if fitted).
b. Connect together the three leads of all phase windings (if possible).
c. Apply the test voltage from the table between any phase lead and earth.
d. Measure the insulation resistance after 1 minute (IR1min).
e. Discharge the test voltage with an earth rod for five minutes.
f. If the measured insulation resistance is less than the minimum acceptable value,
dry the insulation, then repeat the method.
g. Reconnect neutral to earth conductor (if fitted).
3. For PMG and exciter stators, and combined exciter and main rotors:
a. Connect together both ends of the winding (if possible).
b. Apply the test voltage from the table between the winding and earth.
c. Measure the insulation resistance after 1 minute (IR1min).
d. Discharge the test voltage with an earth rod for five minutes.
e. If the measured insulation resistance is less than the minimum acceptable value,
dry the insulation, then repeat the method.
f. Repeat the method for each winding.
g. Remove the connections made for testing.
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7.8.7

Dry the Insulation
Use the methods below to dry the insulation of the main stator windings. To prevent damage
as water vapor is expelled from the insulation, make sure the winding temperature does not
increase faster than 5 ºC per hour or exceed 90 ºC.
Plot the insulation resistance graph to show when drying is complete.

7.8.7.1 Dry with Ambient Air
In many cases, the alternator can be dried sufficiently using its own cooling system.
Disconnect the cables from the X+ (F1) and XX- (F2) terminals of the AVR so there is no
excitation voltage supply to the exciter stator. Run the generator set in this de-excited state.
Air must flow freely through the alternator to remove the moisture. Operate the anticondensation heater (if fitted) to assist the drying effect of the air flow.
After drying is complete, re-connect the cables between the exciter stator and AVR. If the
generator set is not put into service immediately, turn on the anti-condensation heater (if
fitted) and retest the insulation resistance before use.

7.8.7.2 Dry with Hot Air
Direct the hot air from one or two 1 to 3 kW electrical fan heaters into the alternator air inlet.
Make sure each heat source at least 300 mm away from the windings to avoid scorching or
over-heating damage to the insulation. Air must flow freely through the alternator to remove
the moisture.
After drying, remove the fan heaters and re-commission as appropriate.
If the generator set is not put into service immediately, turn on the anti-condensation heaters
(where fitted) and retest the insulation resistance before use.

7.8.7.3 Plot IR Graph
Whichever method is used to dry out the alternator, measure the insulation resistance and
temperature (if sensors fitted) of the main stator windings every 15 to 30 minutes. Plot a
graph of insulation resistance, IR (y axis) against time, t (x axis).

A typical curve shows an initial increase in resistance, a fall and then a gradual rise to a
steady state; if the windings are only slightly damp the dotted portion of the curve may not
appear. Continue drying for another hour after steady state is reached.

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NOTICE
The alternator must not be put into service until the minimum insulation resistance
is achieved.

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Parts Identification

8.1

UC Single Bearing Alternator

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8.2

50

UC Two Bearing Alternator

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8.3

UC Parts and Fasteners
TABLE 12. PARTS AND FASTENERS
Reference

Component

Fastener

1

Complete PMG parts

2

PMG Cover/non-PMG Cover

M5 / M6 x
12

4

5 / 10

3

PMG Rotor

M10 x 85

1

45

4

PMG Stator

M6

4

10

5

Main Stator Bottom Cover

M10 x 25 /
30

6/8

56 / 69

5a

Air Inlet Cover

M5 x 12

8

5

6

Main Stator Top Cover

M10 x 25 /
30

4

56 / 69

7

NDE Bracket

M8 x 25 /
M10 x 30

6

28 / 56

8

Complete NDE Bearing parts

-

-

-

10

Exciter Stator

M6 x 45 / 55
/ 75

4

10

11

Main Stator & Frame

-

-

-

12

Foot

M10 x 35 /
40

6

13

Main Rotor

-

-

-

14

Exciter Rotor

-

-

-

15

Rectifier Assembly

M6 x
40/50/60

4

8

16

Diode/Varistor

-

-

2.0-2.25

17

Main Terminals

M8 x 25 / 30

2

20

18

Terminal Box End Panel NDE

M6 x 12

12

10

19

Terminal Box End Panel DE

M6 x 12

12

10

20a / 20b

Terminal Box Side Panel

M10 x 25 /
M12 x 25

6/8

10 / 69

21

Terminal Box Lid

M6 x 12

6

6

22

AVR Cover Plate

M5 x 12

6

5

23

AVR Mounting Bracket

M5 x 12

4

5

24

AVR

M5 x 12

4

5

25

Auxilliary Terminal Board

M6 x 25

8

10

26

Anti-condensation Heater

M4 x 12

2

hand

27

Heater terminal Box

M5 x 12

2

5

M8 x 25 /
M10 x 30

6

56 / 56

M10 x 50/60

6

56

28

DE Adapter Ring

-

Torque
(Nm)

Quantity
-

-

62 / 118

30

DE Adapter (1 bearing)

31

DE Air Outlet Screen (1 bearing)

M5 x 12

8

5

32

DE Louvres (1 bearing)

M5 x 12

8 / 12

5

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Reference

52

Component

Fastener

Quantity

Torque
(Nm)

M16

8

250

33

DE Coupling Hub
and Coupling Discs (1 bearing)

40

DE Bracket (2 bearing)

M12 x 40

8

95

41

DE Air Outlet Screen (2 bearing)

M5 x 12

12

5

42

DE Louvres (2 bearing)

M5 x 16

12

5

43

Complete DE Bearing parts (2 bearing)

-

-

-

46

DE Adapter (2 bearing)

M12 x 40

8

95

47

DE Adapter Screen (2 bearing)

M5 x 12

12

5

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Technical Data
NOTICE
Compare measurements with the technical data sheet and the test certificate supplied with
the alternator.

9.1

UC Winding Resistances
TABLE 13. AVR-CONTROLLED ALTERNATORS

Exciter Rotor, L-L (Ohms)

Main Rotor (Ohms)

UC22C

0.090 0.045 0.030 0.059 0.140 0.308 n/a

21

0.142

0.59

2.6

UC22D

0.065 0.033 0.025 0.045 0.100 0.180 n/a

21

0.142

0.64

2.6

UC22E

0.050 0.028 0.020 0.035 0.075 n/a

n/a

20

0.156

0.69

2.6

UC22F

0.033 0.018 0.012 0.024 0.051 0.111 n/a

20

0.156

0.83

2.6

UC22G

0.028 0.014 0.010 0.018 0.043 0.090 n/a

20

0.156

0.94

2.6

UC27C

0.030 0.016 0.011 0.022 0.044 0.082 n/a

20

0.156

1.12

2.6

UC27D

0.019 0.010 0.007 0.014 0.026 0.053 n/a

20

0.156

1.26

2.6

UC27E

0.016 0.009 0.008 0.011 0.003 0.040 0.038

20

0.182

1.34

2.6

UC27F

0.012 0.007 0.005 0.010 0.019 0.037 n/a

20

0.182

1.52

2.6

UC27G

0.010 0.006 0.004 0.008 0.013 0.028 n/a

20

0.182

1.69

2.6

UC27H

0.008 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.015

20

0.182

1.82

2.6

UCD27J

0.006 n/a

n/a

0.004 0.009 n/a

n/a

20

0.182

2.08

2.6

UCD27K

0.006 n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

20

0.182

2.08

2.6

Alternator

Main Stator (lead - lead) (Ohms)

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05

06

14

17

25

27

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(U1-U2)

(V1-V2)

(U5-U6)

(U5-U6)

(V1-V2)

(V1-V2)

(V1-V2)

(V1-V2)

(W1-W2)

(W1-W2)

(W1-W2)

(W1-W2)

(W1-W2)

(U5-U6)

(U5-U6)

(U5-U6)

(U5-U6)

(U5-U6)

(V5-V6)

(V5-V6)

(V5-V6)

(V5-V6)

(V5-V6)

(W5-W6)

(W5-W6)

(W5-W6)

(W5-W6)

(W5-W6)

0.009 n/a

PMG Stator, L-L (Ohms)

Exciter Stator (Ohms)

Resistance of windings at 20 °C (measured values should be within 10%)

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TABLE 14. TRANSFORMER-CONTROLLED ALTERNATORS

Exciter Rotor, L-L (Ohms)

Main Rotor (Ohms)

Resistance of windings at 20 °C (measured values should be within 10%)

UC22C

0.059

0.078

0.082

0.055

0.059

28

138

0.142

0.59

UC22D

0.054

0.056

0.057

0.049

0.054

28

138

0.142

0.64

UC22E

0.041

0.05

0.053

0.038

0.041

30

155

0.156

0.69

UC22F

0.031

0.032

0.033

0.025

0.031

30

155

0.156

0.83

UC22G

0.022

0.026

0.028

0.021

0.022

30

155

0.156

0.94

Alternator

Main Stator 3 Phase Windings, L-N
(Ohms)

54

380 V
50 Hz

400 V
50 Hz

415 V
50 Hz

416 V
60 Hz

460 V
60 Hz

Exciter Stator
(Ohms)

1 phase

3 phase

transformer,

transformer,

1 or 3 phase

3 phase

generator

generator

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Service Parts and After Sales Service

10.1

Parts Orders
When ordering parts the machine serial number or machine identity number and type should
be quoted, together with the part description. The machine serial number can be found on
the name plate or frame.

10.2

Customer Service
Cummins Generator Technologies' service engineers are experienced professionals, trained
extensively to deliver the best support possible. Our global service offers:
• On-site a.c. alternator commissioning
• On-site bearing maintenance & bearing condition monitoring
• On-site insulation integrity checks
• On-site AVR & accessories set-up
www.stamford-avk.com
Email: service-engineers@cumminsgeneratortechnologies.com.

10.3

Recommended Service Parts
In critical applications a set of these service spares should be held with the alternator.
Part

Number

Diode Set (6 diodes with surge suppressor)

RSK2001

AS440 AVR

E000-24403/1P

MX321 AVR

E000-23212/1P

MX341 AVR

E000-23412/1P

SX460 AVR

E000-24602/1P

Non drive end Bearing

UC22: 45-0867
UC27: 45-0868

Drive end Bearing

UC22: 45-0365
UC27: 45-0367
Transformer Controlled Generators (UC22 Only)

Diode Set (6 diodes with varistor)

RSK2001

Three Phase Rectifier

E000 22016

Non drive end Bearing

UC22: 45-0867

Drive end Bearing

UC22: 45-0365

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End of Life Disposal
Companies specializing in reclaiming material from scrap products can reclaim most of the
iron, steel and copper from the alternator. For more details, please contact Customer
Service.

11.1

Recyclable material
Mechanically separate the base materials, iron, copper and steel, removing paint, polyester
resin, and insulation tape and/or plastics residues from all components. Dispose of this
‘waste material’
The iron, steel and copper can now be recycled.

11.2

Items requiring specialist treatment
Remove electrical cable, electronic accessories and plastic materials from the alternator.
These components need special treatment to remove the waste from the reclaimable
material.
Forward the reclaimed materials for recycling.

11.3

Waste material
Dispose of waste material from both of the above processes via a specialist disposal
company.

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A040J848 (Issue 6) Public

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User Access                     : Print, Extract
Author                          : Turn-Key Systems Pty Ltd
Create Date                     : 2015:12:01 08:03:44-06:00
Modify Date                     : 2015:12:01 15:29:32Z
Top Leaf-Profile                : default
Top Leaf-Version                : Version=tlapi 8.0 9 2015/10/02 support@turnkey.com.au Licence=X0514600
XMP Toolkit                     : Adobe XMP Core 5.4-c005 78.147326, 2012/08/23-13:03:03
Format                          : application/pdf
Creator                         : Turn-Key Systems Pty Ltd
Title                           : tmp_rGRBOO
Creator Tool                    : TopLeaf 8.0.009
Metadata Date                   : 2015:12:01 15:29:32Z
Producer                        : iText 2.1.7 by 1T3XT
Document ID                     : uuid:e50533f8-ca0a-4d6f-8c72-ad0d1f982851
Instance ID                     : uuid:c38f78e4-e6be-492b-be00-f0acee2376f5
Page Mode                       : UseOutlines
Page Count                      : 64
EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools

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