Format Manual Version 4.3 _7.1.08__updated 8.25.10_ UPA Tournament 7.1.08 Updated 8.25.10

THE UPA MANUAL OF

CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES

TOURNAMENT FORMATS

Version 4.3 – January 17, 2008

Original submitted by Eric Simon

Revised in 8/2003 by:

Brian Canniff

Jin Ding

Hank Ibser

AJ Iwaszko

Florian Pfender

David Raflo

Adam Tarr

Edited by:

Will Deaver

Michael Degnan

Adam Tarr

Version 2.23 accepted by the UPA as the Official Tournament Format Document

for all UPA Series Tournaments

at the Annual Meeting, January, 1993

Version 3.01 accepted by the Competition Committee of National Division

Directors, September 2004

Version 4.0 accepted by the Competition Committee of National Division

Directors, August 2005

Version 4.3 accepted by the Competition Committee of National Division

Directors, July 2008

i

Introduction ............................................................... 1

Allowable Forfeits ........................................................... 2

Seeding ..................................................................... 2

Switching opponents in parallel bracket games ............................... 4

A One-Day or Two-Day Format? ................................................ 5

How to Read these Schedules ................................................. 5

Guidelines for round lengths and caps ....................................... 5

Tie breakers for round-robins ............................................... 6

3. Three Teams ........................................................... 8

Table 3.1 - Three-Team Round-robin .................................... 8

4. Four Teams ............................................................ 9

4.1 - One day formats ................................................. 9

4.2 - Two day formats ................................................. 9

Table 4.1 - Pre-set four-team round-robin. ........................... 10

Table 4.2 - The flexible four-team round-robin ....................... 10

Bracket 4.1 - Four-team single elimination. .......................... 10

Bracket 4.2.1 - Modified four-team double elimination. ............... 10

Bracket 4.2.2 - Modified four-team double eliminations - seeding

out of two pools ............................................... 11

Bracket 4.3 - Four-team clipped double elimination ................... 11

5. Five Teams ........................................................... 12

5.1 - One team advances .............................................. 12

5.2 - Two teams advance .............................................. 12

5.3 - Three teams advance ............................................ 12

5.4 - Four teams advance ............................................. 12

5.5 - Five teams advance ............................................. 12

Table 5.1.1 - Five-team round-robin – version 1. ..................... 13

Table 5.1.2 - Five-team round-robin – version 2. ..................... 13

Table 5.1.3 - Five-team round-robin – version 3. ..................... 13

Table 5.1.4 - Five-team round-robin – version 4. ..................... 13

Bracket 5.1 - Five-team bracket with three teams advancing ........... 14

Bracket 5.2 - Five-team bracket with four teams advancing ............ 14

ii

6. Six Teams ............................................................ 15

6.1 - One team advances .............................................. 15

6.2 - Two teams advance .............................................. 15

6.3 - Three teams advance ............................................ 15

6.4 - Four teams advance ............................................. 15

6.5 - Five teams advance .............................................. 15

6.6 - Six teams advance ............................................... 15

Table 6.1.1 - Six-team round-robin – version 1. ...................... 16

Table 6.1.2 - Six-team round-robin – version 2. ...................... 16

Table 6.1.3 - Six team round-robin over two days - version 3. ........ 16

Table 6.1.4 - Six team round-robin over two days - version 4 ......... 16

Table 6.1.5 - Six team round-robin over two days - version 5. ........ 16

Table 6.1.6 - Six team round-robin over two days - version 6 ......... 16

Bracket 6.1.1 - Six team modified elimination. ....................... 17

Bracket 6.1.2 - Six team modified elimination, seeding from two

pools. ......................................................... 17

Bracket 6.2 - Six team modified bracket - only two qualify. ......... 18

Bracket 6.3 - Six team clipped elimination - three teams qualify ..... 18

Bracket 6.4 - Six team clipped elimination - four teams qualify ...... 18

7. Seven Teams .......................................................... 19

7.1 - One or Seven teams advance ..................................... 19

7.2 - Two teams advance .............................................. 19

7.3 - Three teams advance ............................................ 19

7.4 - Four teams advance ............................................. 19

7.5 - Five teams advance ............................................. 19

7.6 - Six teams advance .............................................. 19

Table 7.1.1 - Seven-team round-robin over two days - version 1 ....... 20

Table 7.1.2 - Seven-team round-robin over two days - version 2 ....... 20

Table 7.1.3 - Seven-team round-robin over two days - version 3 ....... 20

Table 7.1.4 - Seven-team round-robin over two days - version 4 ....... 21

Table 7.1.5 - Seven-team round-robin over two days - version 5 ....... 21

Bracket 7.1 - Seven-team clipped elimination - only five qualify ..... 22

Bracket 7.2 - Seven-team clipped elimination - only six qualify ...... 22

8. Eight Teams .......................................................... 23

8.1 - One team advances .............................................. 23

8.2 - Two, teams advance ............................................. 23

8.3 – Three, seven, or eight teams advance ........................... 23

8.4 - Four teams advance ............................................. 23

8.5 - Five teams advance ............................................. 23

8.6 – Six teams advance .............................................. 23

Table 8.1.1 - Seeding into two pools of four - version 1 ............. 24

Table 8.1.2 - Seeding into two pools of four - version 2 ............. 24

Table 8.1.3 - Seeding into two pools of four - version 3 ............. 24

Bracket 8.1 - Eight-team modified elimination ........................ 25

Bracket 8.2.1 - Eight-team clipped double elimination ................ 26

Bracket 8.2.2 - Eight team double elimination ........................ 27

Bracket 8.3 - Eight-team modified elimination - three teams advance .. 28

Bracket 8.4 - Eight-team modified elimination - four teams advance ... 29

Bracket 8.5 - Eight-team modified elimination - six teams advance .... 30

iii

9. Nine Teams ........................................................... 31

9.1 - One team advances .............................................. 31

9.2 - Two or three teams advance ..................................... 31

9.3 - Four through nine teams advance ................................ 31

9.4 - Five teams advance ............................................. 31

9.5 - Six, seven, eight, or nine teams advance ....................... 32

Table 9.1.1 - Seeding into two pools of four and five - version 1 .... 33

Table 9.1.2 - Seeding into two pools of four and five - version 2 .... 33

Table 9.1.3 - Seeding into two pools of four and five - version 3 .... 33

Table 9.1.4 - Seeding into two pools of four and five - version 4 .... 33

Table 9.2 - 7-team pool play completion from two pools ............... 33

Table 9.3 - 5-team pool play completion from two pools ............... 33

10. Ten Teams ............................................................ 34

10.1 - One team advances ............................................. 34

10.2 - Two or three teams advance .................................... 34

10.3 - Four teams advance ............................................ 34

10.4 - Five teams advance ............................................ 34

10.5 - Six teams advance ............................................. 34

10.6 - Seven or ten teams advance .................................... 35

10.7 - Eight or nine teams advance ................................... 35

Table 10.1.1 - Seeding for pools of five - version 1 ................. 36

Table 10.1.2 - Seeding for pools of five - version 2 ................. 36

Table 10.1.3 - Seeding for pools of five - version 3 ................. 36

Table 10.1.4 - Seeding for pools of five - version 4 ................. 36

Bracket 10.1 - Ten-team modified elimination - five teams advance .... 37

11. Eleven Teams ......................................................... 38

11.1 - One team advances ............................................. 38

11.2 - Two or three teams advance .................................... 38

11.3 - Four teams advance ............................................ 38

11.4 - Five teams advance ............................................ 38

11.5 - Six teams advance ............................................. 38

11.6 - Seven teams advance ........................................... 39

11.7 - Eight, nine, ten, or eleven teams advance ..................... 39

Table 11.1.1 - Seeding two unequal pools of five and six - version 1 . 39

Table 11.1.2 - Seeding two unequal pools of five and six - version 2 . 39

Table 11.1.3 - Seeding two unequal pools of five and six - version 3 . 40

Table 11.1.4 - Seeding two unequal pools of five and six - version 4 . 40

Table 11.2 - Seven-team pool play completion from two pools .......... 40

Table 11.3 - Five-team pool play completion from two pools ........... 40

iv

12. Twelve Teams ......................................................... 41

12.1 - One team advances ............................................. 41

12.2 - Two teams advance ............................................. 41

12.3 - Three, ten, eleven, or twelve teams advance ................... 41

12.4 - Four teams advance ............................................ 41

12.5 - Five teams advance ............................................ 43

12.6 - Six teams advance ............................................. 43

12.7 - Seven teams advance ........................................... 43

12.8 - Eight teams advance ........................................... 43

12.9 - Nine teams advance ............................................ 43

Table 12.1 - Seeding for two pools of six - version 1 ................. 44

Table 12.2 - Seeding for two pools of six - version 2 ................ 44

Table 12.3 - Seeding for two pools of six - version 3 ................ 44

Table 12.4 - Seeding for two pools of six - version 4 ................ 45

Table 12.5 - Seeding for two pools of six - version 5 ................ 45

13. Thirteen Teams ....................................................... 46

13.1 – One, three, five, or more than nine teams advance ............ 46

13.2 - Two teams advance ............................................. 46

13.4 - Four teams advance ............................................ 46

13.5 - Six or eight teams advance .................................... 46

13.6 - Seven teams advance ........................................... 46

13.7 - Nine teams advance ............................................ 47

Table 13.1 - Seeding for three pools ................................. 47

Table 13.2.1 - Schedule for three pools - version 1(six fields) ...... 47

Table 13.2.2 - Schedule for three pools - version 2(five fields) ..... 47

Table 13.3.1 - Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – v.

1 48

Table 13.3.2 - Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – v.

2 48

Table 13.3.3 - Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – v.

3 48

Table 13.3.4 - Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – v.

4 49

Table 13.4 - Five-team pool play completion from three pools ......... 49

Table 13.5 - Seeding 13 teams into four pools ........................ 49

Bracket 13.1 - Eight-team double elimination from three pools ........ 50

Bracket 13.2 - Thirteen team bracket completion - six or eight

advancing ...................................................... 51

Bracket 13.3 - Thirteen team bracket completion - seven advancing .... 52

Bracket 13.4 - Thirteen team bracket completion - nine advancing ..... 53

v

14. Fourteen Teams ....................................................... 54

14.1 - One team advances ............................................. 54

14.2 - Two teams advance ............................................. 54

14.3 - Three teams advance ........................................... 54

14.4 - Four teams advance ............................................ 54

14.5 - Five teams advance ............................................ 54

14.6 - Six, or eight teams advance ................................... 54

14.7 - Seven teams advance ........................................... 55

14.8 - Nine teams advance ............................................ 55

14.9 – Ten teams advance ............................................. 55

14.10 - Eleven, thirteen, or fourteen teams advance .................. 55

14.11 - Twelve teams advance ......................................... 55

Table 14.1.1 - Seeding for two pools of seven - version 1 ............ 56

Table 14.1.2 - Seeding for two pools of seven - version 2 ............ 56

Table 14.1.3 - Seeding for two pools of seven - version 3 ............ 56

Table 14.1.4 - Seeding for two pools of seven - version 4 ............ 56

Table 14.1.5 - Seeding for two pools of seven - version 5 ............ 56

Table 14.2.1 - Seeding 14 teams into four pools, version 1 ........... 58

Table 14.2.2 - Seeding 14 teams into four pools, version 2 ........... 58

Bracket 14.1 - Fourteen team bracket completion - 5 advancing ........ 59

Bracket 14.2 - Fourteen team bracket completion - 6 or 8 advancing ... 60

Bracket 14.3 - Fourteen team bracket completion - seven advancing .... 61

Bracket 14.4 - Fourteen team bracket completion - nine advancing ..... 62

Bracket 14.5 - Fourteen team bracket completion - ten advancing ...... 63

Bracket 14.6 - Fourteen team bracket completion - 11, 13, or 14

advancing ............................................................ 64

Bracket 14.7 - Fourteen team bracket completion - twelve advancing ... 65

15. Fifteen Teams ........................................................ 66

15.1 - One team advances ............................................. 66

15.2 - Two teams advance ............................................. 66

15.3 - Three teams advance ........................................... 66

15.4 - Four or eight teams advance ................................... 67

15.5 - Five teams advance ............................................ 67

15.6 - Six teams advance ............................................. 67

15.7 - Seven teams advance ........................................... 67

15.8 - Nine teams advance ............................................ 67

15.9 - Ten, eleven, or twelve teams advance .......................... 68

15.10 - Thirteen or more teams advance ............................... 68

Table 15.1.1 - Seeding 15 teams into four pools - version 1 .......... 69

Table 15.1.2 - Seeding 15 teams into four pools - version 2 .......... 69

Table 15.1.3 - Seeding 15 teams into four pools - version 3 .......... 69

Table 15.1.4 - Seeding 15 teams into four pools - version 4 .......... 69

Table 15.1.5 - Seeding 15 teams into four pools - version 5 .......... 69

Table 15.2 - Seven-team pool play completion from four pools ......... 70

Table 15.3.1 - Five-team pool play completion from four pools - v.

1 .............................................................. 70

Table 15.3.2 - Five-team pool play completion from four pools - v.

2 .............................................................. 70

vi

16. Sixteen Teams ........................................................ 71

16.1 - One team advances ............................................. 71

16.2.1 - Two teams advance - bracket option .......................... 71

16.2.2 - Two teams advance - pool play option ........................ 71

16.3.1 - Three teams advance - bracket option ........................ 72

16.3.2 - Three teams advance - pool play option ...................... 72

16.4.1 - Four teams advance - bracket option ......................... 72

16.4.2 - Four or eight teams advance - pool play option .............. 72

16.5 - Five teams advance ............................................ 73

16.6 - Six teams advance ............................................. 73

16.7 - Seven or eleven teams advance ................................. 73

16.8 - Nine teams advance ............................................ 73

16.9 - Ten or twelve teams advance ................................... 73

16.10 - Thirteen or more teams advance ............................... 73

Table 16.1.1 - Seeding for four pools of four - version 1 ............ 74

Table 16.1.2 - Seeding for four pools of four - version 2 ............ 74

Table 16.1.3 - Seeding for four pools of four - version 3 ............ 74

Table 16.1.4 - Seeding for four pools of four - version 4 ............ 74

Table 16.1.5 - Seeding for four pools of four - version 5 ............ 74

Table 16.2.1 - Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/2 bracket ........... 75

Table 16.2.2 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/2 brackets, v. 1 ... 75

Table 16.2.3 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/2 brackets, v. 2 ... 75

Table 16.3.1 - Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/3 bracket ........... 76

Table 16.3.2 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/3 brackets, v. 1 ... 76

Table 16.3.3 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/3 brackets, v. 2 ... 76

Table 16.4.1 - Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/4 bracket ........... 77

Table 16.4.2 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/4 brackets, v. 1 ... 77

Table 16.4.3 - Alternate 12-field schedule for 16/4 brackets, v. 2 ... 77

Bracket 16.1 - Single elimination bracket from four pools ............ 78

Bracket 16.2.1 - 16-team double-elimination .......................... 79

Bracket 16.2.2 – Two teams advancing - seeding from four pools ....... 80

Bracket 16.3.1 - 16-team, three advance bracket ...................... 82

Bracket 16.3.2 - Re-seeded eight-team elimination .................... 84

Bracket 16.4.1 - 16-team, four advance bracket ....................... 85

Bracket 16.4.2 - Four or eight teams advancing - seeding from four

pools ................................................................ 87

Bracket 16.5 - Five teams advancing - seeding from four pools ........ 89

Bracket 16.6 - Six teams advancing - seeding from four pools ......... 91

Bracket 16.7 - Seven or eleven teams advancing - seeding from four

pools ................................................................ 93

Bracket 16.8 - Nine teams advancing - seeding from four pools ........ 95

Bracket 16.9 - Ten or twelve teams advancing - seeding from four

pools ................................................................ 97

Bracket 16.10 - Sixteen team elimination - 13 or more teams

advancing ............................................................ 99

17. Seventeen through Twenty-Four Teams ................................. 101

17.1 - One team advances ............................................ 101

17.2 – Two or four teams advanceOne team advances ................... 101

17.3 - Three teams advance .......................................... 101

17.4 – Five or nine teams advance ................................... 101

17.5 – Six, eight, ten, or twelve teams advance ..................... 101

17.6 - Seven or eleven teams advance ................................ 101

Table 17.1.1 - Seeding for four pools for large sections - version

1 ................................................................... 102

Table 17.1.2 - Seeding for four pools for large sections - version

2 ................................................................... 102

Table 17.1.3 - Seeding for four pools for large sections - version

vii

3 ................................................................... 102

Table 17.1.4 - Seeding for four pools for large sections - version

4 ................................................................... 102

Bracket 17.1 – 17 teams, two or four teams advance .................. 103

Bracket 17.2 – 18 teams, two or four teams advance .................. 104

Bracket 17.3 – 19 teams, two or four teams advance .................. 105

Bracket 17.4 – 20 teams, two or four teams advance .................. 106

Bracket 17.5 - 17-24 elimination - 3 teams advancing ................ 107

1

Introduction

It is said that when you get right down to it, there are only two essential

ingredients to a tournament: fields and a schedule. Once the games finally begin,

tournaments pretty much run themselves if the schedule (which should include field

numbers and a field map) is self explanatory.

Unfortunately, scheduling is not so easy for UPA Series tournaments. Sure, for

most other tournaments, when you limit the number of teams to four, or eight, or

sixteen, scheduling is fairly easy. But at sectionals (or even regionals in those

situations where there are not sixteen teams), where every eligible team is

guaranteed a spot things aren't so easy. Try devising a schedule for a thirteen team

tournament while keeping everyone happy.

The fact is that most UPA Series tournaments do more than pick a single winner.

This makes scheduling infinitely more difficult than non-Series tournaments.

Ordinarily, it doesn't matter if you come in third or fourth at a tournament, but if

the top three teams qualify to the next level, the schedule must be scrupulously fair

to teams that have a shot at the third place spot.

Not everyone who is a UPA coordinator has run a tournament before. And those

that have, have often only needed a format that picks a winner. Many UPA

coordinators are also competing on one of the teams in the tournament, which leaves

him or her open to charges of bias, both in terms of format and seeding. Tournaments

that use formats that are not well-thought out can become disasters, especially if

something very unexpected happens, and people realize that the format wasn't even-

handed. Under such circumstances, the tournament director is faced with sticking

with an unfair format because that's what the captains agreed to, or unfairly

changing the format after play has started. Neither situation is acceptable.

This manual attempts to alleviate these problems. We have tried to be fair to

all teams involved, analyzing different situations and unlikely scenarios. We hope

that this manual makes running a tournament easier for you. No one can claim that

the format of a tournament is biased when it's an official "UPA Series Format."

Basic Theories of Tournament Scheduling

There are a couple of basic rules that should be applied to tournament

scheduling, each of which is elaborated below. They are:

1. Every team must get an equal chance and there should be as much

independence from seeding as possible. That is, all teams should have a fair shot at

winning the tournament (and/or qualifying to the next level). No team should have to

do something different in the schedule from the other teams because of how they are

seeded. Now it may be that some pools are of different size than other pools (there

just isn't any number that divides into thirteen!), but in this case an entire pool

is playing more games than other pools. No team in the larger pool is doing anything

different than any other team in that pool.

2. Each team should get a good number of games. Teams that travel from far

away should be able to go home after a tournament feeling like they played their fair

share of games, no matter where they finished. This means that teams should be

eliminated from the tournament as late as possible, and that if they are eliminated

early, there are placement games available to them.

On the other hand,

3. Teams should not have to play more than nine games in two days.

Four games per day, games to 15, is about the most any team should be asked to

play in one day. The only time teams should be expected to play five games is when

those games are played to 11, and this only applies to pool play on the first day of

a two-day event. People who are into triathlons and marathons can go compete in

those other competitions.

Furthermore, these games should be scheduled in reasonable blocks of time (e.g.

two-hour time blocks with a soft time cap of "plus two" after 1 hour and 30 minutes).

2

Time caps are needed, not only for scheduling purposes, but so that a team does not

have to play too many hours of Ultimate in a day. In those games where the wind is

strong, both teams have good defenses, or neither team has a good offense, games to

15 can drag out for a long time. A succession of long, killer games often results in

unwarranted injuries.

4. The order of the games should be fair

Teams which play one another should have had similar schedules leading into

that game. This means that bye rounds should be arranged such that the “unmatched

bye” is avoided whenever possible. Obviously, if there are an odd number of teams in

a pool, then avoiding all unmatched byes is impossible, but an effort should be made

to minimize them.

When unmatched byes must exist in bracketed play, they should benefit the

higher seed, who has presumably earned the advantage through stronger play leading

in.

Allowable Forfeits

“Placement Games” include games for seeding amongst teams already advancing

and games to advance to the next stage of the Championship Series (“games to go”).

Normally, teams are required to play out their entire schedule, lest they forfeit

the remainder of their games in the Series (see the “Forfeit Rule” in the latest

Series Guidelines for exact wording). In certain limited situations, however, a

placement game may be left un-played or not played at all. This can only be done

without penalty in the two cases outlined below.

Case 1

1 - It is the last game of the tournament for both teams.

2 - Both teams are already guaranteed to advance to the next stage of the

Championship Series (or both teams have already been eliminated from advancing).

3 - Neither of the teams wishes to play the game.

If ALL of the above conditions are met, then the game may be left un-played. The

final placement of the teams will be determined based on their current standing in

the format.

Case 2

1 – It is the last game of the tournament for both teams.

2 – The teams have played twice already in the tournament and one team has a 2-0

record against the other team.

If ALL of these conditions are met, then the game will not be played. The team with

the 2-0 record will be placed above the other team in the final tournament rankings.

Note that in formats that utilize pool play completion to determine which

team(s) will advance, all pool games by all teams must be completed or the forfeiting

team(s) will forfeit the remainder of their games in the Series (see the “Forfeit

Rule” in the latest Series Guidelines for exact wording). This is because pool play

completion can result in ties and tie-break scenarios that depend on the outcome of

games involving teams who are not necessarily in the running to advance. Therefore,

Cases 1 and 2 above can only be applied to games in placement brackets.

Seeding

"Seeding" a tournament is a way of ranking the teams and, assuming there is

pool play, distributing the teams into the pools in such a way as to be fair to the

teams involved, and to avoid matching up the best teams in the early rounds. For

example, suppose, at your sectional, you were trying to choose the top three teams to

qualify for regionals. The last situation you want is where a team gets beaten by

the number one and number two teams and never has a chance to compete against the

3

number three team. Suppose you had ten teams divided into two pools of five. You

would try your best not to put the two best teams in the same pool. If this is

difficult to determine (and it sometimes is in those sections where teams don't play

each other often), you would try to make sure that when pool play is done, the top

three teams in each pool have not yet been eliminated.

Ideally, it shouldn't matter where or how teams are seeded. Indeed, when the

entire tournament is in one round-robin pool, it doesn't matter how the teams are

seeded. Attempts have been made, in every format in this manual, to minimize the

effect of seeding. A team might get eliminated earlier or later because of where

they were seeded, but whether or not the team qualifies for the next level tournament

should not depend on seeding.

In many of the formats in this document, pool play results are used to prepare

a bracket or brackets for subsequent play. In preparing pools, the traditional

method for arranging the pools to be balanced and fair is to “snake” the pools, as

below:

Pool A Pool B

1 2

4 3

5 6

8 7

The Traditional method for preparing a bracket is for the strongest team to

play the weakest remaining team:

1─────┐

├─────────┐

8─────┘ │

├──────────┐

5─────┐ │ │

├─────────┘ │

4─────┘ │

├────────────────

3─────┐ │

├─────────┐ │

6─────┘ │ │

├──────────┘

7─────┐ │

├─────────┘

2─────┘

Analysis of these two examples shows that the same matchups from pool play will

occur again in bracket play. In order to avoid this situation, the authors of these

formats have often chosen to adjust the seeding of the pools and not use the

traditional “snaking” method. Doing this enables more traditional matchups for the

bracketed portion of the tournament, and can be done while still maintaining the

balance of the overall strength of the pools with respect to one another. Because

pools often lead to brackets in these formats (and the opposite never happens) the

authors have determined that it is more important to have the traditional matchups

later in the tournament.

How to seed

For UPA Series tournaments, UPA seeding guidelines should be followed. Check

with your National Division Director or your division’s series guidelines for more

information. In general, it is useful to get as much information as possible

beforehand, i.e., which teams have beaten other teams, etc. As general rules, one

should take into account the entire season, giving more weight to games and

tournaments that were played more recently. (In college situations, the "Top 20"

rankings service can be used as a guide; the rankings should not necessarily be

controlling).

4

Switching opponents in parallel bracket games

In many brackets in this manual, a given round will contain two "parallel"

games where the winners of two games in the previous round play two teams which just

entered that bracket. Examples of this would be games c and d in bracket 6.1.2,

games j and k in bracket 8.2.2, and games z and aa in bracket 16.2.1.

The choice of which opponent plays which in these situations is made to

minimize the likelihood of a rematch occurring. However, in certain cases, upsets

in previous rounds can cause rematches to occur in these games. Generally, these

rematches are unavoidable and must be played. However, in certain specific cases

these rematches should be avoided by switching the lower seeded opponents. The

exact procedure for determining when to make this switch is as follows:

1) Examine the regularly scheduled matchups and determine whether either game

is a rematch of a game which occurred earlier in BRACKET play. If so, continue to

step 2, otherwise skip to step 3. (For the purposes of this procedure, all games

after the conclusion of pool play are considered bracket games.)

2) Consider the matchups that would occur if the lower-seeded teams (that is,

the teams that were already in the sub-bracket in the previous round) were

switched. If either of the resulting games would be rematches of BRACKET play, then

the procedure is complete and no changes should be made to the schedule. Otherwise,

go to step 5.

3) Examine the regularly scheduled matchups and determine whether either game

is a rematch of a game which occurred earlier in POOL play. If so, continue to step

4, otherwise the procedure is complete and no changes should be made to the

schedule.

4) Consider the matchups that would occur if the lower-seeded teams (that is,

the teams that were already in the sub-bracket in the previous round) were

switched. If either of the resulting games would be rematches of earlier games in

the tournament (either in pool play or bracket play), then the procedure is complete

and no changes should be made to the schedule. Otherwise, continue to step 5.

5) Switch the lower-seeded teams, so that they now play the opposite

opponents.

For the purposes of clarity, here are a few examples:

Example 1. Teams are playing bracket 8.2.1 - eight-team clipped double

elimination. In game b, A2 defeats B1. Games a, d, and e all go to seed. No

change in the schedule is made, since switching lower seeded opponents in games f

and g would result in a pool play rematch in game f.

Example 2. Teams are playing bracket 8.2.1 - eight-team clipped double

elimination. In game b, A2 defeats B1. In game a, B2 defeats A1. Games d and e go

to seed. Lower seeded opponents are switched in games f and g, since this will

prevent pool play rematches (A1 vs. A3 and B1 vs B3) without creating any pool play

rematches.

Example 3. Teams are playing bracket 16.5 - 5 teams advancing - seeding from

four pools (15-16 teams). A1 wins game a, and then loses in games e and k, while B2

loses game a and loses game h, but wins game u. As such, the teams that played in

bracket game a (A1 and B2) are scheduled to play again in bracket game w.

Furthermore, the team which won game h also won game j, so no bracket rematch is

created by moving the lower seed in game w (B2) into game v. Therefore, the lower

seeded opponents are switched in games w and v.

Whether this creates (or avoids) a pool play rematch is not considered, since

the priority is to avoid a bracket play rematch. For example, the winner of game t

could be A4, which would mean the switched game v would be a pool play rematch (A1

vs. A4). The change would be made despite this.

5

A One-Day or Two-Day Format?

For Regional Championships: Even though there may be as few as four teams, two

days of play are expected for teams that will be competing for spots at nationals.

There should be no exceptions (except in the case where there are three teams or less

competing).

For Sectional Championships: Sectionals should be a two-day tournament. If

there are 7 or more teams competing, then there are no exceptions to this rule

(except as noted in the format descriptions). If there are 6 or less teams, there

are limited circumstances where a one-day format is acceptable. Whether or not there

are two days of play depends on the characteristics of the section. Where most,

sometimes all, of the teams advance, and none of the teams are traveling far, a one-

day tournament might be acceptable. The sectional coordinator should ask the teams in

the section if they prefer a one- or two-day tournament. Note: a greater weight

should be given to the preferences of the teams that are traveling far, and,

secondarily, to the weaker teams. If the weaker teams want to play more games, the

better teams should accommodate them. This is even more important if the weaker

teams face elimination at sectionals. The UPA should afford them the opportunity to

play more games before their season ends.

How to read these schedules.

Below is a sample six-team round-robin schedule. In the schedule below, each

row is a round, and each column can be a field. So, in the first round, 1 plays 5 on

field one, etc.

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

1 v 4 2 v 3 5 v 6

1 v 3 2 v 6 4 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 6 2 v 5 3 v 4

Guidelines for round lengths and caps

The amount of time in the day which you will have to play the tournament will

vary depending on your location, the time of year, preferred starting time, and

field availability. However, the following guidelines should be adhered to.

1) If the format dictates that different pools play to different point totals,

the round lengths in those pools should be different. The pool which plays to a

higher total should have commensurately longer rounds.

2) Soft and hard time caps.

- The soft time cap should be no less than 30 minutes before the start of the

next round.

- The hard time cap (if utilized) should be no less than 20 minutes after the

soft time cap.

- The start of the next round should be no less than 10 minutes after the hard

time cap (if utilized).

Following these minimum time requirements reduces the likelihood that a team

has to begin a game immediately on the heels of another game, which is important for

health and safety as well as for tournament and team logistics. These minimums also

reduces the likelihood that a game will be hard time capped, by allowing adequate

time to finish the remaining points after the soft time cap is implemented. These

recommended minimums take into account standard cap and timeout rules, which may be

adjusted for logistical reasons in accordance with the official UPA rules of

Ultimate and cap guidelines for Series coordinators.

3) All rounds of pool play in a given pool must have identical cap rules. All

bracket play games in a given round must have identical cap rules as well. Time

caps may vary from pool to pool and between pool play and bracket play, and from

round to round in bracket play.

6

Tie breakers for round-robins

The worst part of a round-robin the possibility of a three-way tie between

teams that have all beaten each other. (E.g., A beats B, B beats C, and C beats A).

One unlucky team will have to finish 3rd when they only lost one game. This is the

very reason why the UPA tries to avoid pool play when the third place team can get

eliminated. So, for example, in a tournament that is organized into 4 pools of 5,

where the top 2 teams advance, a team can lose one game, to the best team, and be

denied the chance to finish in the top eight.

Nevertheless, while the UPA tries to minimize such situations, they all can't

be avoided. The following are the UPA Standard set of round-robin tie breaker rules.

Rule 1. A given tie-breaker rule applies equally to all the teams that are tied.

For an example of this application, see example 3.1.

Rule 1a. If, after the application of a given rule, all of the teams are still

tied, go to the next rule. For an example of this application, see example

3.3.

Rule 1b. If not all teams, but one or more subgroups of the teams are tied,

separate these teams into groups and go back to rule 2 with each of the groups

individually. For an example of this application, see example 3.2.

Rule 2. Won-loss records, counting only games between the teams that are tied.

Example 2.1. A and B are tied for third place at 4-2, and during the

tournament, A has beaten B. Then, A gets third place and B gets fourth place. When

only two teams are involved, this rule is commonly called "head-to-head."

Example 2.2. A, B, and C, are tied for first place; they are all 3-2 after the

six team round-robin. A has beaten both B and C, while B has beaten C. The records

among the three teams only are: A is 2-0, B is 1-1, and C is 0-2. A finishes first,

B finishes second, and C finishes third.

Example 2.3. A, B, and C are in a three-way tie. A has beaten B, B has beaten

C, C has beaten A. The relevant records for all three teams are 1-1. This tie-

breaker won't work, and you must go on to tie-breaker #3.

Rule 3. Point differentials, counting only games between the teams that are tied.

Example 3.1. A, B, C are in a three-way tie for first place. A has beaten B

15-10, B has beaten C 15-12, and C has beaten A, 15-13. A's point differential,

then, is +5 and -2, which equals +3. B's is -2 and C's is -1. A finishes first, C

finishes second, and B finishes third. Note that the three point differentials, in

this case, +3,-2,-1, must always add up to zero. Note also that we do not use the

point differential to choose the winner and then go "head to head" to choose the

other two. This would be a violation of Rule #1, which says that we must apply a

tie-breaker rule equally to all the teams that are tied.

Example 3.2. A, B, C are in a three-way tie for first place. A has beaten B

15-11, B has beaten C 15-12, and C has beaten A, 15-13. A's point differential,

then, is +4 and -2, which equals +2. B's is -1 and C's is -1. A takes first place.

B and C are still tied. When, after the application of a rule, there are still

teams that are tied, we go back to rule 2. Since B beat C, B takes 2nd place, and C

takes 3rd. At this point we do not go onto rule 4.

Example 3.3. A, B, C are in a three-way tie for first place. A has beaten B

15-13, B has beaten C 16-14, and C has beaten A, 15-13. A's point differential,

then, is +2 and -2, which equals +0. B's is 0 and C's is 0. This tie-breaker can

not be applied, go on to tie-breaker rule 4, unless there are only three teams in the

pool to begin with, in which case you should have played an extra point. See the

discussion on three-team pools on page 7).

Rule 4. Point differentials, counting games against all common opponents.

Example 4.1. As in example 3, above, A, B, C are in a three-way tie for first

place in a four team pool. A has beaten B 15-13, B has beaten C 16-14, and C has

beaten A, 15-13. All three point differentials are 0. Suppose all of them have

played D; A beat D 15-9, B beat D 15-7, and C beat D 15-12. B takes first place

(because their point differential against the common opponent, D, was +8), A takes

7

second (by beating D by six goals), and C takes third (beating D by three goals).

4.a. Multiple games against common opponents are averaged.

Example 4.2. Assume all of example 1, but that, for some reason, B beat D

twice, 15-7 and 15-12. Take the average of the scores and only count it once, thus,

we would calculate the point differential as though B beat D once, by a score of 15-

9.5. Then A takes first (point differential of +6), B takes second (we count, as a

point differential, the score of 15-9.5, which is 5.5), and C takes third (beating D

by three goals).

5. Point differentials, counting games against all common opponents, excluding each

team's best and worst differentials. This is about the same as Rule 4, except that

the best and worst scores are eliminated. This eliminates "blowouts" with which the

teams in question might have been involved.

6. Points scored, counting only games among the teams that are tied. (Note to UPA

officials. I thought long and hard about whether we should count most points scored,

or least points allowed. There is really no good reason why one should count more

than the other. The reason why I chose points scored, is that it, at least, provides

an incentive for the game to start on time, and to minimize all the things that delay

games (extra long time outs, excessive foul calling, procrastinating at the beginning

of games and at the beginning of the second half, stalling in the hope that the game

is capped, stalling because the team is tired, etc.)

7. Points scored, counting games against all common opponents.

8. Points scored, counting games against all common opponents, excluding each team's

best and worst scores.

9. Sum of the square roots of the absolute values of the point differentials,

counting games against all common opponents. This has the effect of minimizing the

effect of blowouts without totally excluding them from consideration. Thus, as

described in the example below, a team that wins its games by the scores of 15-8 and

15-10 will have a better differential that a team that wins 15-12 and 15-4. (One

might assume that at a certain point, the losing team in the 15-4 game gave up since

points became somewhat irrelevant to them.) It also has the added benefit of making

it almost mathematically impossible to still be tied after this rule, unless all the

scores of the teams involved are identical.

Strictly speaking, mathematically, the computation regarding losses should be

subtracted. Here's an example:

A beats W 15-12 B beats W 15-8

A beats X 15-4 B beats X 15-8

A lost to Y 15-8 B lost to Y 15-12

A lost to Z 15-8 B lost to Z 15-4

Suppose, further, that these were the only games involving common opponents of

A and B, and that all the tie-breakers are the same through the first eight rules.

Then, applying this rule, A's differentials are 3, 11, -7 and -7. The tie-breakers,

then, are

A's tie breakers = sqrt(3) + sqrt(11) - sqrt(7) - sqrt(7)

B's tie breakers = sqrt(7) + sqrt(7) - sqrt(11) - sqrt(3)

A's tie breakers are approximately -0.2 while B's tie breakers are

approximately +0.2.

10. Flip a disc. As a last resort, discs should be flipped. Two discs should

be flipped with one team calling "odd" or "even."

8

3. Three Teams

There is not a lot you can do with a three team tournament, although you only

need one field. The following is a round-robin tournament for three teams.

Table 3.1 - Three-Team Round-robin

1 v 3

2 v 3

1 v 2

The Three team tie-breaker problem.

When all three teams in a pool finish with 1-1 records, apply the standard tie-

breakers, but you should add the following rule to the tournament:

If the first two games of a three-way round robin end with the exact same score (but

different winners), one additional point should be played after the second game. The

pulling team and the sides should be the same as at the beginning of the second half.

This point will only count in the case of the otherwise unbreakable three-way tie,

where each game results in the exact same score. If each team has a point

differential of zero after the last game and all three games resulted in the same

score, the additional point played after round two determines the first and third

place teams.

Example 1. A beats B 15-12. B beats C 15-12. At the conclusion of their

game, B and C play one additional point. This point will only come into play if C

beats A 15-12 in the final game.

Remember, this provision only goes into effect if all three scores are

identical; if merely all three point differentials are identical, that is not enough

to trigger this provision (see next example).

The problem with this, of course, is that where a team finishes, in part, is

due to the round in which that team has a bye. But since teams know entering the

final game what an identical score will cause, those two teams are in control of

their fate, and the third team had a chance to impact the tie during the tiebreak

point of the previous round.

Example 2. A beats B 15-12. B beats C 14-11. C beats A 15-12. All three

point differentials are zero, but not all the scores are identical. The tie can be

broken, however, with tie-breaker rule #6, which is "points scored, counting only

games among the teams that are tied." A has scored 27 points, B and C have each

scored 26 points. A takes first place, and you attempt to break B and C's tie by

going back at the first rule. On head-to-head (rule #2), B beat C, and so B takes

second and C takes third.

9

4. Four Teams

For Regional Championships: Even though there are only four teams, two days of

play are expected for teams that will be competing for spots at nationals.

For Sectional Championships: Whether or not there are two days of play depends

on the characteristics of the section. See the discussion on "A One-Day or

Two-Day Format" on page 3.

4.1 One day formats:

one team advances: Use Table 4.2. If there is a 3-0 team, the tournament is

over. Otherwise, Bracket 4.1 must be played to determine the champion. This

creates five games in one day, but is necessary to prevent a situation where

two teams are eliminated from the series as a result of point differential. 3

rd

place is given to the winner of the pool play game between the semifinal

losers.

two teams advance: Use Bracket 4.2.1.

three teams advance: Use Bracket 4.2.1. The last game for second place can be

left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined in the section on Placement

Games on page 2.

four teams advance: Use Table 4.2. If there is no 3-0 team, then Bracket 4.1

may be played to accurately determine the champion.

4.2 Two day formats:

one team advances: Use Table 4.1 on the first day, and Bracket 4.1 the second

day. The semifinal losers play an additional game for third place.

two teams advance: Use Table 4.1 on the first day, and Bracket 4.3 the second

day.

three or four teams advance: Use Table 4.1 on the first day, and Bracket 4.2.1

the second day. The last game for second place can be left unplayed if it

meets the conditions outlined in the section on Placement Games on page 2.

10

Table 4.1 - pre-set four-team round-robin.

1 v 3 2 v 4

1 v 4 2 v 3

1 v 2 3 v 4

Table 4.2 The flexible four-team round-robin

First round: 1-3 and 2-4.

Second round: winners play losers. In other words, the winner of each game

plays the loser of the other game. This will increase the chances of two

undefeated teams playing each other in the third round.

Third round: the remaining game of the round-robin.

Bracket 4.1 - four-team single elimination.

This should never be used alone. A team should never be eliminated from a tournament

after losing only one game. On the other hand, this is a fairly typical format for

use in the second half of a tournament.

1─────┐

a ├─────┐

4─────┘ c ├────────────

2─────┐ │ first place

b ├─────┘

3─────┘

Bracket 4.2.1 - modified four-team double elimination.

This format is very exciting if second place matters. Alone, it doesn't offer much.

A team that loses two games is finished. But it has its place if used as the second

day of a tournament where you have eliminated down to four teams the day earlier.

1─────┐

a ├─────┐

4─────┘ c ├────────────

2─────┐ │ first place

b ├─────┘

3─────┘

La──────┐

d ├─────┐

Lb──────┘ e ├─────────────

│ second place

Lc ──────┘

loser of game e is third place.

11

Bracket 4.2.2 - modified four-team double elimination – seeding out of two pools.

A1────┐

a ├─────┐

B2────┘ c ├────────────

A2────┐ │ first place

b ├─────┘

B1────┘

La──────┐

d ├─────┐

Lb──────┘ e ├─────────────

│ second place

Lc ──────┘

loser of game E is third place.

Bracket 4.3 – four-team clipped double elimination

This is essentially table 4.4.1, four team double elimination, with the first round

removed. It should never be used by itself, but it is used in some formats after

pool play.

1 ─────┐

a ├────────────

│ first place

2 ─────┘

3 ─────┐

b ├─────┐

4 ─────┘ c ├─────────────

│ second place

La ────┘

12

5. Five Teams

A five-team round-robin requires two fields and five rounds. Unless all five

teams advance, a two-day event is required to accurately determine the

advancing teams.

5.1 One team advances:

Use Table 5.1.3 (round-robin) on the first day. The top four teams qualify and

use Bracket 4.1, a single elimination on the second day. The losers in the

first round on the second day should play one another (as in Bracket 4.2.1) in

order to get a second game that day.

5.2 Two teams advance:

Use Table 5.1.1 (round-robin) on the first day. On the second day, the top

four teams play Bracket 4.3, four-team clipped double elimination.

This format requires seven rounds, five for the round-robin and two for the

clipped double-elimination. The most games a team will play is six.

5.3 Three teams advance:

Use Table 5.1.2 (round-robin) on the first day. On the second day, play

Bracket 5.1, the three team advancing format.

This format requires seven rounds, five for the round-robin and two for the

elimination bracket. Note that the top seed and the bottom finisher will only

get one game on Sunday. This is almost unavoidable, given the desire to keep

all five teams in contention.

5.4 Four teams advance:

Use table 5.1.2 (round robin) on the first day. On the second day, use Bracket

5.2, the four team advancing format. Note that the top team is determined on

the first day, and that team has no games the second day.

5.5 Five teams advance:

Use Table 5.1.2 (round-robin) on the first day. The top four teams qualify and

use Bracket 4.1, a single elimination on the second day. The losers in the

first round on the second day play one another for 3

rd

place.

For five teams advancing, simply playing the round-robin as a one-day event is

an acceptable alternative.

13

The following schedules are for five-team round-robins, which take five rounds.

Games in the round robin are to 13. Consult individual formats for instructions on

which schedule to use.

Table 5.1.1 - Five-team round-robin - version 1:

1 v 2 3 v 4

1 v 4 2 v 5

1 v 3 4 v 5

2 v 4 3 v 5

2 v 3 1 v 5

Table 5.1.2 - Five-team round-robin - version 2:

4 v 5 2 v 3

1 v 3 2 v 4

1 v 5 3 v 4

1 v 4 2 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 5

Table 5.1.3 - Five-team round-robin - version 3:

1 v 5 3 v 4

1 v 3 2 v 4

4 v 5 2 v 3

1 v 4 2 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 5

Table 5.1.4 - Five-team round-robin - version 4:

1 v 2 4 v 5

1 v 4 3 v 5

2 v 5 3 v 4

2 v 4 1 v 3

2 v 3 1 v 5

14

Bracket 5.1 - Five-team bracket with three teams advancing

1─────┐ winner 1

st

place

b ├────────────

2────┐ │ loser 2

nd

place

a ├─────┘

3────┘

4────┐

c ├─────┐ 3

rd

place

5────┘ d ├─────────────

│

La──────┘

Bracket 5.2- Five-team bracket with four teams advancing

First place is based on pool play.

2────┐

a ├─────┐ winner 2

nd

place

5────┘ c ├────────────

4────┐ │ loser 3

rd

place

b ├─────┘

3────┘

La ──────┐ 4

th

place

d ├─────

Lb ──────┘

15

6. Six Teams

Unless all six teams advance, a two-day event is required to accurately

determine the advancing teams.

6.1. One team advances:

Use Table 6.1.4 (round-robin split over the two days – version 4). The top

four teams use Bracket 4.1, a single elimination when the round-robin is

finished. The teams that make it to the finals will be playing seven games

over the weekend. The bottom two teams in the round-robin can play an

additional game for place, in order to give them a second game on the second

day.

6.2. Two teams advance:

Use Table 6.1.4 (round-robin split over the two days – version 4). After the

round-robin is completed, play Bracket 4.3 (four team clipped double

elimination) for the top four teams. The bottom two teams play for place as in

6.1.

6.3. Three teams advance:

Use Table 6.1.4 (round-robin split over the two days – version 4). After the

round-robin is completed, use Bracket 6.1.1 (6-team modified elimination) for

the last three rounds.

6.4. Four teams advance:

Use table 6.1.4 (round-robin over two days – version 4). After the conclusion

of pool play on the second day, play Bracket 6.4 - Six team clipped elimination

- four teams qualify.

6.5. Five teams advance:

Use Table 6.1.4 (round-robin split over the two days – version 4). After the

round-robin is completed, use Bracket 6.1.1 (6 team modified elimination).

6.6. Six teams advance:

Use Table 6.1.4 (round-robin split over the two days – version 4). The top

four teams use Bracket 4.1, a single elimination, when the round-robin is

finished. The teams that make it to the finals will be playing seven games

over the weekend. 3

rd

place is given to the winner of the pool play game

between the semifinal losers. The bottom two teams in the round robin play an

additional game to determine 5

th

and 6

th

place.

For six teams advancing, simply playing the round-robin as a one-day event,

using Table 6.1.1, is an acceptable alternative.

16

The following schedules are for six-team round-robins, which take five rounds.

Consult individual formats for instructions on which schedule to use.

Table 6.1.1 - Six-team round-robin – version 1:

The following schedule is played in one day. Games are played to 11.

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

Table 6.1.2 - Six-team round-robin – version 2:

The following schedule is played in one day. Games are played to 11.

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

Table 6.1.3 - Six-team round-robin over two days – version 3.

The last round listed should be played on the second day. Games are played to 13.

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

--------------------------

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

Table 6.1.4 - Six-team round-robin over two days – version 4:

The last round listed should be played on the second day. Games are played to 13.

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

--------------------------

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

Table 6.1.5 - Six-team round-robin over two days – version 5.

The last two rounds listed are played on the second day. Games are played to 13.

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

--------------------------

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

Table 6.1.6 - Six-team round-robin over two days – version 6:

The last two rounds listed are played on the second day. Games are played to 13.

1 v 2 3 v 4 5 v 6

1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 5

1 v 6 2 v 3 4 v 5

--------------------------

1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 6

1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

17

Bracket 6.1.1 - Six team modified elimination

1 ──────┐

4 ─────┐ c ├────┐

a ├─────┘ │

5 ─────┘ e ├─────────

2 ──────┐ │ winner e: first place

3 ─────┐ d ├────┘ loser e: second place

b ├─────┘ winner f: third place

6 ─────┘ loser f: fourth place

winner g: fifth place

Lc ──────┐

f ├─────────

Ld ──────┘

La ─────┐

g ├───────

Lb ─────┘

Bracket 6.1.2 - Six team modified elimination, seeding from two pools

A1 ──────┐

A3 ─────┐ c ├────┐

a ├─────┘ │

B2 ─────┘ e ├─────────

B1 ──────┐ │ winner e: first place

B3 ─────┐ d ├────┘ loser e: second place

b ├─────┘ winner f: third place

A2 ─────┘ loser f: fourth place

winner g: fifth place

Lc ──────┐

f ├─────────

Ld ──────┘

La ─────┐

g ├───────

Lb ─────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

18

Bracket 6.2 - Six team modified bracket - only two qualify.

Note that this bracket is not to be used in situations where more than two teams

qualify for the next level.

A1 ─────┐

a ├──────

B1 ─────┘ 1st

A2 ──────┐

b ├─────┐

B3 ──────┘ │

d ├─────┐

A3 ──────┐ │ │

c ├─────┘ e ├─────────

B2 ──────┘ │ 2nd

La ──────┘

Bracket 6.3 - Six team clipped elimination – three teams qualify.

The following approach in used in certain formats where the top three teams must be

determined in only two rounds. The finals game is for place only, as both teams have

already qualified for the next event.

1 ──────┐ winner 1

st

place

a ├──────

2 ──────┘ loser 2

nd

place

3 ──────┐

b ├─────┐

6 ──────┘ │ 3

rd

place

d ├─────

5 ──────┐ │

c ├─────┘

4 ──────┘

Bracket 6.4 - Six team clipped elimination - four teams qualify.

The following approach is used in certain formats where the top four teams must be

determined in only two rounds. The finals and the 2/3 game are for place only, as

both teams have already qualified for the next event. The last game for second place

can be left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined in the section on Placement

Games on page 2.

1 ──────┐ winner 1

st

place

a ├──────

2 ──────┘

La ─────┐

│ winner 2

nd

place

c ├─────

3 ──────┐ │ loser 3

rd

place

b ├─────┘

4 ──────┘

Lb ─────┐

│ 4

th

place

e ├─────

5 ──────┐ │

d ├─────┘

6 ──────┘

19

7. Seven Teams

A seven team tournament requires a round robin. A pool of four and a pool of

three are not acceptable for the same reasons as explained in the six team

formats. The round robin is spread out over two days, such that every team

plays four games of pool play on the first day, and two on the second day.

All approved formats feature five rounds of pool play on the first day. There

are three rounds of pool play plus two rounds of bracket play on the second

day. No team has to play more than four games on either day.

7.1 One or Seven teams advance:

Use Table 7.1.1, round-robin version 1. If there is a 6-0 team, then

tournament is complete. However, if there is no 6-0 team, use Bracket 4.1

(four team single elimination) to accurately determine the champion. 3

rd

place

is given to the winner of the pool play game between the semifinal losers.

7.2 Two teams advance:

Use table 7.1.1, round-robin version 1. The top four finishers continue, and

use Bracket 4.3, clipped four-team double elimination, to determine the two

advancing teams.

7.3 Three teams advance:

Use Table 7.1.1, round-robin version 1. The top six finishers continue, and

use Bracket 6.3, six-team clipped elimination with three teams advancing.

7.4 Four teams advance:

Use Table 7.1.1, round-robin version 1. The top six finishers continue, and

use Bracket 6.4, six-team clipped elimination, with four teams advancing.

7.5 Five teams advance:

Use Table 7.1.2, round-robin version 2. Then use Bracket 7.1, seven-team

clipped elimination, with five teams advancing.

7.6 Six teams advance:

Use Table 7.1.2, round-robin version 2. Then use Bracket 7.2, seven-team

clipped elimination with six teams advancing.

20

Table 7.1.1 - Seven-team round-robin over two days – version 1.

The first five rounds below should be played on the first day, and the last three

rounds should be played on the second day.

Day One

Round 1 5 v 6 2 v 7 3 v 4

Round 2 1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 7

Round 3 1 v 2 5 v 7 3 v 6

Round 4 1 v 5 4 v 6

Round 5 1 v 7 2 v 3 4 v 5

------------------------

Day Two

Round 6 6 v 7

Round 7 1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 7

Round 8 1 v 6 2 v 4 3 v 5

Table 7.1.2 - Seven-team round-robin over two days – version 2.

The first five rounds should be played on the first day; the last three rounds should

be played on the second day.

Day One

Round 1 1 v 7 2 v 3 4 v 5

Round 2 1 v 4 2 v 6 3 v 7

Round 3 1 v 2 4 v 6 3 v 5

Round 4 1 v 6 5 v 7 3 v 4

Round 5 2 v 7 5 v 6

------------------------

Day Two

Round 6 6 v 7

Round 7 1 v 3 2 v 5 4 v 7

Round 8 1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 6

Table 7.1.3 - Seven-team round-robin over two days – version 3.

The first five rounds should be played on the first day; the last three rounds should

be played on the second day.

Day One

Round 1 1 v 2 5 v 7 3 v 4

Round 2 1 v 4 2 v 5 3 v 6

Round 3 4 v 7 2 v 3 5 v 6

Round 4 1 v 7 2 v 6

Round 5 1 v 3 6 v 7 4 v 5

------------------------

Day Two

Round 6 1 v 6

Round 7 1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 7

Round 8 4 v 6 2 v 7 3 v 5

21

Table 7.1.4 - Seven-team round-robin over two days – version 4.

The first six rounds should be played on the first day; the last two rounds should be

played on the second day. Note that this format is not approved for use in seven-

team tournaments—it is designed for use in 13 and 14-team events.

Day One

Round 1 1 v 7 2 v 3 4 v 5

Round 2 1 v 5 2 v 6 3 v 7

Round 3 1 v 3 2 v 4 5 v 6

Round 4 4 v 6 5 v 7

Round 5 1 v 2 4 v 7 3 v 6

Round 6 1 v 6 2 v 5 3 v 4

-----------------------------------

Day Two

Round 7 6 v 7

Round 8 1 v 4 2 v 7 3 v 5

Table 7.1.5 - Seven-team round-robin over two days – version 5.

The first six rounds should be played on the first day; the last two rounds should be

played on the second day. Note that this format is not approved for use in seven-

team tournaments—it is designed for use in 13 and 14-team events.

Day One

Round 1 5 v 6 2 v 7 3 v 4

Round 2 1 v 7 2 v 5 3 v 6

Round 3 1 v 2 4 v 6 3 v 5

Round 4 1 v 6 4 v 7

Round 5 1 v 4 5 v 7 2 v 3

Round 6 1 v 3 4 v 5 2 v 6

-----------------------------------

Day Two

Round 7 6 v 7

Round 8 1 v 5 2 v 4 3 v 7

22

Bracket 7.1 - Seven-team clipped elimination – only five qualify.

The finals are for place only, as the top three teams have already qualified for the

next event.

1 ──────┐ winner 1

st

place

a ├─────

2 ──────┘ loser 2

nd

place

3 from pool play = 3

rd

place

4 ──────┐ 4

th

place

c ├─────

5 ──────┘

Lc ─────┐

│ winner 5

th

place

e ├─────

6 ──────┐ │

d ├─────┘

7 ──────┘

Bracket 7.2 - Seven-team clipped elimination – only six qualify.

The finals are for place only, as the top three teams have already qualified for the

next event.

1 ──────┐ winner 1

st

place

a ├─────

2 ──────┘ loser 2

nd

place

3 from pool play = 3

rd

place

4 ──────┐

b ├─────

7 ──────┘

5 ──────┐

c ├─────

6 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐ winner 6

th

place

d ├─────

Lc ──────┘ loser 7

th

place

4

th

place is given to the winner of the pool play game between Wb and Wc.

5

th

place is given to the loser of the pool play game between Wb and Wc.

23

8. Eight Teams

Eight teams is a wonderful number to have. Besides the standard UPA options

there are other possibilities that can be used for non-UPA-sanctioned play.

8.1 One team advances

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.2. On the

second day, play single elimination according to Table 8.1, eight-team modified

elimination. The games outside the initial bracket are only for place. This

format requires only three rounds each day, so games can be spaced out well.

8.2 Two teams advance

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.2. Then,

continue into Bracket 8.2.1, eight-team clipped double elimination. The first

round of the bracket is played on the first day, while the remaining three

rounds are played on the second day.

8.3 Three, Seven, or Eight teams advance

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.3. Then,

continue into Bracket 8.3, Eight-team modified elimination – three teams

advance. The first round of the bracket is played on the first day.

8.4 Four teams advance

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.1. On the

second day, use Bracket 8.4, eight-team modified elimination – four teams

advance. There are only three games each day, so rounds can be spaced out.

8.5 Five teams advance

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.2. Then,

continue into Bracket 8.2.2, eight-team double elimination. The first round of

the brackets are played on the first day.

8.6 Six teams advance

On the first day, play two pools of four according to Table 8.1.3. Then,

continue into Bracket 8.5, eight-team modified elimination – six teams advance.

The first round of the brackets are played on the first day.

24

Table 8.1.1 Seeding into two pools of four – version 1:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Use Table 4.1 for order of play in each pool.

Table 8.1.2 Seeding into two pools of four – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Use Table 4.1 for order of play in each pool.

Table 8.1.3 Seeding into two pools of four – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Use Table 4.1 for order of play in each pool.

25

Bracket 8.1 - Eight-team modified elimination

NOTE: This format is not UPA-approved for when more than one team advances.

Round 1 Round 2

A1─────┐

a ├─────────┐

B4─────┘ │

e ├──────────┐

B2─────┐ │ │

b ├─────────┘ │

A3─────┘ │

g ├────────────────

A2─────┐ │ (1st place)

c ├─────────┐ │

B3─────┘ │ │

f ├──────────┘

B1─────┐ │

d ├─────────┘

A4─────┘

LA─────────┐

h ├──────────┐

LB─────────┘ j ├──────────

LC─────────┐ │ 5th place

i ├──────────┘

LD─────────┘

Le ──────────┐

k ├─────────

Lf ──────────┘ 3rd place

Lh ──────────┐

l ├─────────

Li ──────────┘ 7th place

Accompanying Notes to Bracket 8.1.2:

1st place - winner of g.

2nd place - loser of g.

3rd place - winner of k.

4th place - loser of k.

5th place - winner of j.

6th place - loser of j.

7th place - winner of l.

8th place - loser of l.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

26

Bracket 8.2.1 - eight-team clipped double elimination

A1─────┐

a ├----------─────────┐

B2─────┘ │ 1st place

c ├──────────

A2─────┐ │

b ├----------─────────┘

B1─────┘

La ─────────┐

│

f ├──────────┐ Lc ────────┐

A3─────┐ │ │ │winner 2nd place

d ├─────────┘ │ i ├─────────

B4─────┘ │ │loser 3rd place

h ├────────────┘

A4─────┐ │

e ├─────────┐ │

B3─────┘ │ │

g ├──────────┘

│

Lb ─────────┘

Ld ─────┐ winner 7th place

j ├─────────

Le ─────┘ loser 8th place

Lf ───────┐ winner 5th place

k ├─────────

Lg ───────┘ loser 6th place

4th place is the loser of h.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

27

Bracket 8.2.2 - Eight-team double elimination

Saturday Sunday . . .

last Round 1 Round 2

round

A1─────┐

a ├─────────┐

B4─────┘ │

e ├-----------──────────┐

B2─────┐ │ │

b ├─────────┘ │

A3─────┘ │

g ├────────────────

A2─────┐ │ (1st place)

c ├─────────┐ │

B3─────┘ │ │

f ├-----------──────────┘

B1─────┐ │

d ├─────────┘

A4─────┘

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

La ────────┐

h ├──────────┐

Lb ────────┘ j ├─────────┐

│ │

Lf ────────┘ │

Lc ────────┐ l ├────────┐

i ├──────────┐ │ │

Ld ────────┘ k │ │ │

├─────────┘ │

Le ────────┘ m ├────────────────

Lg─────────┘ (2nd Place)

Lh ────────┐

n ├─────────

Li ────────┘

Lj ─────────┐

o ├─────────

Lk ─────────┘

Accompanying Notes to Table 8.1.1:

1st place - winner of g.

2nd place - winner of m.

3rd place - loser of m.

4th place - loser of l.

5th place - winner of o.

6th place - loser of o.

7th place - winner of n.

8th place - loser of n.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

28

Bracket 8.3 - Eight-team modified elimination – three teams advance.

Saturday Sunday . . .

last Round 1 Round 2

round

A1 ────────┐

│

c ├------─────────┐

B2 ─────┐ │ │

a ├────────┘ │

A3 ─────┘ │

e ├────────────────

A2 ─────┐ │ (1st place)

b ├────────┐ │

B3 ─────┘ │ │

d ├------─────────┘

│

B1 ────────┘

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3

B4 ───────┐

f ├──────────┐

La ───────┘ h ├──────────┐

│ │

Ld ─────────┘ │

Lb ───────┐ j ├────────

g ├──────────┐ │

A4 ───────┘ i │ │

├──────────┘

Lc ─────────┘

Lf ─────────┐

k ├─────────

Lg ─────────┘

Lh ─────────┐

l ├─────────

Li ─────────┘

Accompanying Notes to Table 8.1.1:

1st place - winner of e.

2nd place - loser of e.

3rd place - winner of j.

4th place - loser of j.

5th place - winner of l.

6th place - loser of l.

7th place - winner of k.

8th place - loser of k.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

29

Bracket 8.4 - eight-team modified elimination – four teams advance.

A1─────┐ 1st place

a ├─────────

B1─────┘

La ─────────┐

│ winner 2nd place

c ├──────────

A2─────┐ │ loser 3rd place

b ├─────────┘

B2─────┘

A3─────┐ Lb ─────────┐

d ├──────┐ │ 4th place

B4─────┘ │ g ├──────────

f ├──────────┘

A4─────┐ │

e ├──────┘

B3─────┘

LA─────┐

h ├─────────

LB─────┘

30

Bracket 8.5 - eight-team modified elimination – six teams advance.

Saturday Sunday

last Round 1 Round 2 Round 3

round

A1 ────────┐

│

c ├──────────┐

B2 ────────┐ │ │

a ├────────┘ │

A3 ────────┘ │

e ├─────────────

A2 ────────┐ │ (1st place)

b ├────────┐ │

B3 ────────┘ │ │

d ├──────────┘

│

B1 ────────┘

Le ───────┐

│ 2nd place

g ├────────

Lc ─────────┐ │ loser 3rd

│ │

f ├───────────┘

│

Ld ─────────┘

La ────────┐

│

h ├──────────┐ Lf ───────┐

│ │ │winner 4th place

B4 ────────┘ │ k ├─────────

│ │loser 5th place

j ├───────────┘

│

A4 ────────┐ │

│ │

i ├──────────┘

│

Lb ────────┘

Lj ───────┐

│ 6th place

m ├─────────

Lh ─────────┐ │ loser 7th

│ │

l ├───────────┘

│ 8th = Ll

Li ─────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

31

9. Nine Teams

A nine team tournament requires two unequal pools of 4 and 5. When fewer than

five teams advance, the pool of five plays games to 11, while the pool of four

plays games to 15 in order to balance the total number of points played between

pools. Pool play for both pools is concluded on the first day; the second day

consists of bracket play (or a new pool for the lower finishers).

9.1 One team advances:

Start with two unequal pools of four and five, according to Table 9.1.2. The

pool of four receives a pool-wide by in the first round of the day, so that

this pool finishes at roughly the same time as the pool of five.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool play an eight-team single

elimination. (Note: The brackets and the initial pairings for the single

elimination is the same as the upper half of the 8-team modified elimination

format, see Bracket 8.1. The games outside the upper bracket can be played to

give the losing teams additional games.)

9.2 Two or three teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of four and five, according to Table 9.1.2. The

pool of four receives a pool-wide bye in the first round of the day, so that

this pool finishes at roughly the same time as the pool of five.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and play Bracket

8.2.1, eight-team clipped double elimination. When three teams advance, the

game for second place may be left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined

in the section on Placement Games on page 2. When only two teams advance, the

game to go is mandatory.

9.3 Four teams advance

Start with two unequal pools of four and five, according to Table 9.1.3. The

pool of four receives a pool-wide by in the first round of the day, so that

this pool finishes at roughly the same time as the pool of five.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and use Bracket 8.4,

eight-team modified elimination – four teams advance. There are only three

rounds on the second day, so they can be spaced out.

9.4 Five teams advance

Start with two unequal pools of four and five, according to Table 9.1.1, with

the exception that all games in both pools are to 13. Teams in pool B receive

two pool-wide byes to start the day, as a pool of four takes only three rounds

to complete rather than five rounds for a pool of five.

On the second day, the two teams that won their pools advance to the finals,

and play for first and second place. The other seven teams play Table 9.2,

seven-team pool play completion from two pools. Teams carry their results

against the teams in their pool into the second day, and will only play teams

from the other pool. The top three teams from this combined pool of seven

(along with the two pool winners from the first day) will advance.

32

9.5 Six, seven, eight, or nine teams advance

Start with two unequal pools of four and five, according to Table 9.1.4. All

games in both pools are to 13. Teams in pool A receive two pool-wide byes to

start the day, as a pool of four takes only three rounds to complete rather

than five rounds for a pool of five.

On the second day, the top two teams in each pool advance and use Bracket 4.2.2

- modified four-team double elimination – seeding out of two pools. The other

five teams play Table 9.3, five-team pool play completion from two pools.

Teams carry their results against the teams in their pool into the second day,

and will only play teams from the other pool. The top finishers in this pool

of five advance, along with the four top finishers from the previous day. This

format only requires three rounds on the second day, so they can be well-

spaced.

33

Table 9.1.1 Seeding into two pools of four and five – version 1

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9

Use Tables 5.1.3 and 4.1 for schedule of play in pools A and B, respectively.

Table 9.1.2 Seeding into two pools of four and five – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9

Use Tables 5.1.1 and 4.1 for schedule of play in pools A and B, respectively.

Table 9.1.3 Seeding into two pools of four and five – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9

Use Tables 4.1 and 5.1.3 for schedule of play in pools A and B, respectively.

Table 9.1.4 Seeding into two pools of four and five – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9

Use Tables 4.1 and 5.1.3 for order of play in pools A and B, respectively.

Table 9.2 7-team pool play completion from two pools.

B2-A3 A2-B3 B4-A5

B2-A4 A2-B4 B3-A5

B2-A5 A3-B4 B3-A4

B2-A2 A3-B3 B4-A4

Table 9.3 5-team pool play completion from two pools

B3-A4 A3-B4

B3-A3 A4-B5

A3-B5 A4-B4

34

10. Ten Teams

10.1 One team advances:

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.1.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool play an eight-team single

elimination. (Note: The brackets and the initial pairings for the single

elimination is the same as the upper half of the eight-team modified

elimination format, see Bracket 8.1. The games outside the upper bracket can

be played to give the losing teams additional games.).

Note: It is not acceptable to take only the top two teams from each pool and

have semi's and finals, because of the possibility of a three-way tie for first

in one of the pools.

10.2 Two or three teams advance:

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.1.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and play Bracket

8.2.1, eight-team clipped double elimination. When three teams advance, the

game for second place may be left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined

in the section on Placement Games on page 2. When only two teams advance, the

game to go is mandatory.

10.3 Four teams advance

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.2.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and use Bracket 8.4,

eight-team modified elimination – four teams advance. There are only three

rounds on the second day, so they can be spaced out.

10.4 Five teams advance

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.3.

On the second day, use Bracket 10.1, 10-team modified elimination with five

teams advancing. Note that the pool winners have already qualified, and the

finals and 2/3 game are for placement only. The game for second place may be

left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined in the section on Placement

Games on page 2. This format only takes three rounds on the second day, so

they can be well-spaced.

10.5 Six teams advance

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.4.

On the second day, the top two teams from each pool advance and use Bracket

4.2.2 - modified four-team double elimination – seeding out of two pools. The

bottom six teams use Bracket 6.2, six team modified bracket where only two

qualify, to determine the other two teams that advance. When seeding Bracket

6.2, A1, A2, and A3 are represented by A3, A4, and A5 in this case; the same

applies for pool B.

35

10.6 Seven or ten teams advance

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.4.

On the second day, the top two teams from each pool advance and use Bracket

4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination with seeding out of two pools.

The bottom six teams use Bracket 6.1.2, six team modified elimination seeding

from two pools, to determine the other two teams that advance. When seeding

Bracket 6.1.2, A1, A2, and A3 are represented by A3, A4, and A5 in this case;

the same applies for pool B.

10.7 Eight or nine teams advance

Start with two pools of five, according to Table 10.1.3.

On the second day, the top three teams from each pool advance and use Bracket

6.1.2 - six team modified elimination seeding from two pools. The bottom four

teams use Bracket 4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination with seeding out

of two pools, to determine the other teams that advance. When seeding Bracket

6.1.2, A1, and A2 are represented by A4, and A5 in this case; the same applies

for pool B.

Additionally, the winner of game c from bracket 4.2.2 plays the loser of game g

from bracket 6.1.2 in the third round of bracket play. The winner of this game

finishes 6th, while the loser finishes 7th.

36

Table 10.1.1 Seeding for pools of five – version 1:

The pools should be seeded as follows:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Use the schedule in table 5.1.1 for order of play.

Table 10.1.2 Seeding for pools of five – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Use the schedule in table 5.1.3 for order of play.

Table 10.1.3 Seeding for pools of five – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9 Seed #10

Use the schedule in table 5.1.2 for order of play.

Table 10.1.4 Seeding for pools of five – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Use the schedule in table 5.1.4 for order of play.

37

Bracket 10.1 Ten-team modified elimination – five teams advance:

A1 ────────┐ 1

st

place

a ├─────────

B1 ────────┘

A2─────┐ La ─────────┐

b ├─────────┐ │ winner 2

nd

place

B3─────┘ │ e ├──────────

d ├──────────┘ loser 3

rd

place

A3─────┐ │

c ├─────────┘

B2─────┘ loser of d = 4

th

place

Lb ─────────┐

│

h ├──────────┐

A4─────┐ │ │

f ├─────────┘ │

B5─────┘ │ 5

th

place

j ├────────────

A5─────┐ │

g ├─────────┐ │

B4─────┘ │ │

i ├──────────┘

│

Lc ─────────┘

Lf ─────────┐

k ├─────────

Lg ─────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

38

11. Eleven Teams

11.1 One team advances:

Start with two unequal pools of five and, according to Table 11.1.1.

On the second day, the top four teams in each pool play an eight-team single

elimination. (Note: The brackets and the initial pairings for the single

elimination are the same as the upper half of the eight-team elimination

format, see Bracket 8.1. The games outside the upper bracket can be played to

give the losing teams additional games.)

It is not acceptable to take only the top two teams from each pool and have

semi's and finals, because of the possibility of a three-way tie for first in

one of the pools.

11.2 Two or three teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to 11.1.1. On the

second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and play Bracket 8.2.1,

eight-team clipped double elimination. When three teams advance, the game for

second place may be left unplayed if it meets the conditions outlined in the

section on Placement Games on page 2. When only two teams advance, the game to

go is mandatory.

11.3 Four teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to Table 11.1.2. On

the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and use Bracket 8.4,

eight-team modified elimination – four teams advance. There are only three

rounds on the second day, so they can be spaced out.

11.4 Five teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to Table 11.1.3. On

the second day, the top five teams in each pool advance and use Bracket 10.1,

10-team modified elimination with five teams advancing. Note that the pool

winners have already qualified, and the finals and 2/3 game are for placement

only. The game for second place may be left unplayed if it meets the

conditions outlined in the section on Placement Games on page 2. This format

only takes three rounds on the second day, so they can be well spaced.

11.5 Six teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to Table 11.1.4. On

the second day, the top two teams from each pool advance and use Bracket 4.2.2

- modified four-team double elimination – seeding out of two pools. The next

six teams use Bracket 6.2, six-team modified bracket where only two qualify, to

determine the other two teams that advance. When seeding Bracket 6.3, A1, A2,

and A3 are represented by A3, A4, and A5 in this case; the same applies for

pool B.

39

11.6 Seven teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to Table 11.1.1, with

the exception that all games in both pools are to 11.

On the second day, the top two teams from each pool advance and use Bracket

4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination with seeding out of two pools.

The other seven teams play Table 11.2, seven-team pool play completion from two

pools. Teams carry their results against the teams in their pool into the

second day, and will only play teams from the other pool. The top three teams

from this combined pool (along with the top four finishers from the first day)

will advance.

11.7 Eight, nine, ten, or eleven teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of five and six, according to Table 11.1.3, with

the exception that all games in both pools are to 11.

On the second day, the top three teams from each pool advance and use Bracket

6.1.2 - six team modified elimination seeding from two pools. The other five

teams play Table 11.3, a five-team pool play completion from two pools. Teams

carry their results against the teams in their pool into the second day, and

will only play teams from the other pool. The top finishers in this pool

advance, along with the top six finishers from the previous day. This format

only requires three rounds on the second day, so they can be well-spaced.

Table 11.1.1 Seeding for two unequal pools of five and six – version 1:

The pools should be seeded as follows:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #11

Use Tables 5.1.1 and 6.1.2 for schedule of play in pools A and B,

respectively. In order to balance points played, games in pool A should

be to 13, while games in pool B should be to 11.

Table 11.1.2 Seeding for two unequal pools of five and six – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #11

Use Tables 5.1.3 and 6.1.2 for schedule of play in pools A and B,

respectively. In order to balance points played, games in pool A should

be to 13, while games in pool B should be to 11.

40

Table 11.1.3 Seeding for two unequal pools of five and six – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #11

Use Tables 5.1.2 and 6.1.1 for schedule of play in pools A and B,

respectively. In order to balance points played, games in pool A should

be to 13, while games in pool B should be to 11.

Table 11.1.4 Seeding for two unequal pools of five and six – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #11

Use Tables 5.1.4 and 6.1.1 for schedule of play in pools A and B,

respectively. In order to balance points played, games in pool A should

be to 13, while games in pool B should be to 11.

Table 11.2 Seven-team pool play completion from two pools.

A3-B4 B3-A4 A5-B6

A3-B5 B3-A5 A4-B6

A3-B6 B4-A5 A4-B5

A3-B3 B4-A4 A5-B5

Table 11.3 Five-team pool play completion from two pools

A4-B5 B4-A5

A4-B4 B5-A6

B4-A6 B5-A5

41

12. Twelve Teams

Pools of three, as discussed in the section on nine-team tournament, are rarely

acceptable for UPA Series play. (There are not enough games and far too much

depends on seeding. Additionally, the possibility of a three-way tie exists.

There are no tie-breakers that work for a three-way tie in a three-team pool

(but see page 7).)

Three pools of four can be difficult because whenever there is a round-robin

pool, you must allow for the possibility of a three-way tie for first. The

only way to allow for that is to take the top three from each pool, and then to

have them play-off. But here, taking the top three would leave you with nine

teams. Generally speaking, three pools of four is not the way to go.

The preferred method, therefore, for all variations of a twelve-team tournament

is to start off with two pools of six.

12.1 One team advances:

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.1.

When the round-robin is finished, the top four teams in each pool play an

eight-team single elimination. (Note: The brackets and the initial pairings

for the single elimination is the same as the upper half of the 8-team

elimination format, see Table 8.1. The games outside the upper bracket can be

played to give the losing teams additional games.).

The bottom four teams play Bracket 4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination

with seeding out of two pools, for placement.

12.2 Two teams advance:

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.5. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top three teams from each pool advance and use

Bracket 6.2, six-team modified bracket – only two qualify.

The bottom six teams use Bracket 6.1.2, modified elimination with seeding out

of two pools, for placement. When seeding Bracket 6.1.2, A1, A2, and A3 are

represented by A4, A5, and A6 in this case; the same applies for pool B.

12.3 Three, ten, eleven, or twelve teams advance:

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.2. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and use

Bracket 8.2.1 – eight-team clipped double elimination, to determine the two

teams that advance. The final game for second place is left unplayed, as it

would be the fifth game of the day.

The bottom four teams play 4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination with

seeding out of two pools. Additionally, the winner of game c from bracket

4.2.2 plays the loser of game j from bracket 8.2.1 in the third round of

bracket play. The winner of this game finishes 8th, while the loser finishes

9th.

12.4 Four teams advance:

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.3. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top four teams in each pool advance and use

Bracket 8.4, eight-team modified elimination – four teams advance.

The bottom four teams play Bracket 4.2.2, modified four-team double elimination

42

with seeding out of two pools, for placement.

43

12.5 Five teams advance:

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.4. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top five teams in each pool advance and use

Bracket 10.1, 10-team modified elimination with five teams advancing. Note

that the pool winners have already qualified, and the finals and 2/3 game are

for placement only.

12.6 Six teams advance

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.2. On the second day, the

top two teams from each pool advance and use Bracket 4.2.2 - modified four-team

double elimination – seeding out of two pools. The bottom eight teams use

Bracket 8.2.1, eight-team clipped double elimination, to determine the other

two teams that advance. When seeding Bracket 8.3, A1, A2, A3, and A4 are

represented by A3, A4, A5, and A6; the same applies for pool B.

Additionally, the winner of game c from bracket 8.2.1 plays the loser of game d

from bracket 4.2.2 in the third round of bracket play. The winner of this game

finishes 4th, while the loser finishes 5th.

12.7 Seven teams advance

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.2. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top two teams from each pool advance and use

Bracket 4.2.2 - modified four-team double elimination – seeding out of two

pools. The bottom eight teams use Bracket 8.2.1, eight-team clipped double

elimination, to determine the other three teams that advance. When seeding

Bracket 8.2.1, A1, A2, A3, and A4 are represented by A3, A4, A5, and A6, and

similarly for pool B. The final game for second place is left unplayed, as it

would be the fifth game of the day.

Additionally, the winner of game c from bracket 8.2.1 plays the loser of game d

from bracket 4.2.2 in the third round of bracket play. The winner of this game

finishes 4th, while the loser finishes 5th.

12.8 Eight teams advance

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.5. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top three teams from each pool advance and use

Bracket 6.1.2, modified six-team elimination with seeding out of two pools.

The bottom six teams use Bracket 6.2, six-team modified bracket – only two

qualify, to determine the other two teams that advance. When seeding Bracket

6.2, A1, A2, and A3 are represented by A4, A5, and A6 in this case; the same

applies for pool B.

12.9 Nine teams advance

Start with two pools of six, according to Table 12.5. After the conclusion of

pool play on the second day, the top three teams from each pool advance and use

Bracket 6.1.2, modified six-team elimination with seeding out of two pools.

The bottom six teams use Bracket 6.1.2, six team modified elimination seeding

from two pools, to determine the other three teams that advance. When seeding

Bracket 6.1.2 for the lower bracket, A1, A2, and A3 are represented by A4, A5,

and A6 in this case; the same applies for pool B.

44

Table 12.1 Seeding for two pools of six – version 1:

The pools should be seeded as follows:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #12 Seed #11

The round-robin for each pool will take five rounds. A schedule for a

six-team round-robin may be found in Table 6.1.2. Given that every team

has five games on the first day, games should be played to 11.

Table 12.2 Seeding for two pools of six – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

The round-robin for each pool will take five rounds. In the case of six

teams advancing, the schedule for a six-team round-robin may be found in

Table 6.1.2. Given that every team has five games on the first day,

games should be played to 11.

For all other numbers of teams advancing, the schedule for a six-team

round-robin may be found in Table 6.1.4. Each team will play four rounds

of pool play on the first day and their final round of pool play on the

morning of the second day. Games in pool play should be to 13.

Table 12.3 Seeding for two pools of six – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #12 Seed #11

The round-robin for each pool will take five rounds. A schedule for a

six-team round-robin may be found in Table 6.1.4. Each team will play

four rounds of pool play on the first day and their final round of pool

play on the morning of the second day. Games in pool play should be to

13.

45

Table 12.4 Seeding for two pools of six – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

The round-robin for each pool will take five rounds. A schedule for a

six-team round-robin may be found in Table 6.1.3. Each team will play

four rounds of pool play on the first day and their final round of pool

play on the morning of the second day. Games in pool play should be to

13.

Table 12.5 Seeding for two pools of six – version 5:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #11 Seed #12

The round-robin for each pool will take five rounds. A schedule for a

six-team round-robin may be found in Table 6.1.3. Each team will play

four rounds of pool play on the first day and their final round of pool

play on the morning of the second day. Games in pool play should be to

13.

46

13. Thirteen Teams

Thirteen teams is the only number of teams where three pools are used. Three

pools normally presents a problem, since there is usually not a fair way to

determine how to advance teams from the pools into an elimination bracket. For

certain numbers of teams advancing, however, it is possible to do so with 13

teams. For other numbers of teams advancing, we are compelled to use two pools

instead. In one case we use four pools.

13.1 One, three, five, or more than nine teams advance:

Start with three pools of five, four, and four, according to Table 13.1, and

play the schedule in Table 13.2.1 or Table 13.2.2 to determine the top eight

teams after the first day.

On the second day, the top eight play a double elimination bracket without the

last round. For the setup, see Bracket 13.1. Note that the lower bracket

feed-in placements are NOT the same as the standard eight-team double

elimination. For one team advancing, the lower brackets are for placement

only.

The other five teams play Table 13.4, 5-team pool play completion from three

pools. Teams carry their results against the teams in their pool into the

second day, and will only play teams from the other two pools. The game on the

first day between the fourth place finishers in the B and C pools also counts

toward the results of this pool.

13.2 Two teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of six and seven, according to Table 13.3.2.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, the top three teams in

each pool advance and use Table 6.2, six team modified bracket – only two

qualify, to determine the two teams that advance.

The lower finishing teams play out the bottom four brackets of Bracket 13.2 for

placement.

13.4 Four teams advance

Start with four pools, according to Table 13.5.

After three rounds of pool play are complete, teams should use Bracket 16.4.2

to determine advancement. The games against A4, B4, and C4 in the last round

of the first day, and in consolation play during the second day, are simply

replaced with a bye round.

13.5 Six or eight teams advance:

Start with two unequal pools of six and seven, according to Table 13.3.1.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 13.2 to

determine advancement.

13.6 Seven teams advance

Start with two unequal pools of six and seven, according to Table 13.3.3.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 13.3 to

determine advancement.

47

13.7 Nine teams advance

Start with two unequal pools of six and seven, according to Table 13.3.4.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 13.4 to

determine advancement.

Table 13.1 Seeding for three pools:

Pool A Pool B Pool C

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5 Seed #4

Seed #7 Seed #8 Seed #9

Seed #12 Seed #11 Seed #10

Seed #13

Table 13.2.1. Schedule for three pools, version 1:

When six fields are available, use the following schedule:

1 2 3 4 5 6

A4-A5 A2-A3

B1-B3 B2-B4 C1-C3 C2-C4 A1-A3 A2-A4

B1-B4 B2-B3 C1-C4 C2-C3 A1-A5 A3-A4

B1-B2 B3-B4 C1-C2 C3-C4 A1-A4 A2-A5

3B-3C* 4B-4C** A1-A2 A3-A5

(* this game, the “wild card” game, is the one between the third place

finishers of pools B and C)

(** this game is between the fourth place finishers of pools B and C)

For fewer than 10 teams advancing, games in pool A should be played to

13, while games in pools B and C, and the 3v3 crossover game, should be

played to 15. For 10 or more teams advancing, all games on the first day

should be played to 13, in all pools and all crossover games.

Table 13.2.2. Schedule for three pools, version 2:

This schedule can be used when you only have five fields available:

Fields: 1 2 3 4 5

B1-B4 B2-B3 C1-C2 A5-A5 A2-A3

B1-B3 C2-C3 C1-C4 A1-A3 A2-A5

B2-B4 C2-C4 C1-C3 A1-A5 A3-A4

B1-B2 B3-B4 C3-C4 A1-A4 A2-A5

3B-3C* 4B-4C** A1-A2 A3-A5

(* this game, the “wild card” game, is the one between the third place

finishers of pools B and C)

(** this game is between the fourth place finishers of pools B and C)

For fewer than 10 teams advancing, games in pool A should be played to

13, while games in pools B and C, and the 3v3 crossover game, should be

played to 15. For 10 or more teams advancing, all games on the first day

should be played to 13, in all pools and all crossover games.

48

Table 13.3.1 Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – version 1:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #13

For six teams advancing, pool A, the pool of 7, plays their pool

according to Table 7.1.1, and pool B, the pool of 6, plays their pool

according to Table 6.1.6.

For eight teams advancing, pool A, the pool of 7, plays their pool

according to Table 7.1.2, and pool B, the pool of 6, plays their pool

according to Table 6.1.5.

The last two rounds of pool play on the second day in pool B should be

played concurrently with the last two rounds of pool play in pool A. In

order to balance points played, games in pool B should be to 13, while

games in pool A should be to 11.

Table 13.3.2 Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven– version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #13

Pool A, the pool of 6, plays their pool according to Table 6.1.3. Pool

B, the pool of 7, plays their pool according to Table 7.1.4. The last

round of pool play on the second day in pool A should be played

concurrently with the last round of pool play in pool B. In order to

balance points played, games in pool A should be to 13, while games in

pool B should be to 11.

Table 13.3.3 Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #13

Pool A, the pool of 6, plays their pool according to Table 6.1.5. Pool

B, the pool of 7, plays their pool according to Table 7.1.2. The last

two rounds of pool play on the second day in pool A should be played

concurrently with the last two rounds of pool play in pool B. In order

to balance points played, games in pool A should be to 13, while games in

pool B should be to 11.

49

Table 13.3.4 Seeding for two unequal pools of six and seven – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #13

Pool A, the pool of 6, plays their pool according to Table 6.1.6. Pool

B, the pool of 7, plays their pool according to Table 7.1.3. The last

two rounds of pool play on the second day in pool A should be played

concurrently with the last two rounds of pool play in pool B. In order

to balance points played, games in pool A should be to 13, while games in

pool B should be to 11.

Table 13.4 Five-team pool play completion from three pools

Seed the teams in the second day pool as follows:

D1 = loser of the “wild card” game (B3-C3)

D2 = A4

D3 = 4th place team from the wild card winner’s pool

D4 = 4th place team from the wild card loser’s pool (i.e. D1’s pool)

D5 = A5

D4-D5

D2-D4 D1-D3

D2-D3 D1-D5

D3-D5 D1-D2

The other three games in this pool were already played on the first day.

Table 13.5 Seeding 13 teams into four pools

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #13

The pool of four plays according to Table 4.1, and will take three rounds to

play out. The pools of three play according to Table 3.1, and should play

games to 17 so that points played will more closely match. Note the

instructions on playing an extra point in the second game in the adjacent “The

Three team tie-breaker problem” section.

50

Bracket 13.1 - Eight-team double elimination format from three pools

Sunday

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

A1─────┐

b ├─────────┐

WC*────┘ │

f ├──────────┐

C2─────┐ │ │

c ├─────────┘ │

B2─────┘ │

h ├────────────────

C1─────┐ │ (1st place)

d ├─────────┐ │

A2─────┘ │ │

g ├──────────┘

B1─────┐ │

e ├─────────┘

A3─────┘

Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

Lb ─────────┐

i ├──────────┐

Ld ─────────┘ k ├─────────┐

│ │

Lf ─────────┘ │

Lc ─────────┐ m ├────────

j ├──────────┐ │

Le ─────────┘ l │ │

├─────────┘

Lg ─────────┘

Lk ─────────┐

n ├─────────

Ll ─────────┘

Li ─────────┐

o ├─────────

Lj ─────────┘

* WC - Wild Card - the winner of the playoff between B3 and C3.

Accompanying Notes to Bracket 13.1:

1st place - winner of h.

2nd place – loser of h.

3rd place – winner of m.

4th place - loser of m.

5th place - winner of n.

6th place - loser of n.

7th place - winner of o.

8th place - loser of o.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

51

Bracket 13.2 – Thirteen team bracket completion – six or eight advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

Ld ──────┐

A4 ──────┐ g ├─────

f ├──────┘ 6th

B4 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

A5 ──────┐ i ├─────

h ├──────┘ 8th

B5 ──────┘

3

rd

: Lc

5

th

: Le

7

th

: Lg

9

th

: Li

10

th

: Lh

The bottom three teams are considered a pool of three for the purposes of placement.

Play the following two games to 13 to complete the pool:

B6vA7

B6vA6

52

Bracket 13.3 – Thirteen team bracket completion – seven advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

A4 ──────┐

f ├──────┐

B5 ──────┘ │

h ├─────

A5 ──────┐ │ 7th

g ├──────┘

B4 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

i ├─────

Lg ──────┘ 9th

3rd: Lc

5th: Le

6th: Ld

8th: Lh

10th: Li

The bottom three teams are considered a pool of three for the purposes of placement.

Play the following two games to 13 to complete the pool:

B6vA7

B6vA6

53

Bracket 13.4 – Thirteen team bracket completion – nine advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

3rd: Lc

4th: Lb

5th through 8th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A3vB4 A4vB3

A3vB3 A4vB4

A5 ──────┐

d ├──────┐

B6 ──────┘ │

f ├─────

A6 ──────┐ │ 9th

e ├──────┘

B5 ──────┘

Lh ──────┐

g ├─────

Li ──────┘ 11th

10th: Lf

12th: Lg

54

14. Fourteen Teams

While two pools of five and a pool of four can be an excellent fourteen team

format for an informal event, it does not allow us the required independence

from seeding that we need for a UPA Series event. For this reason, all 14 team

formats, except for two four-pool formats, start with two pools of seven.

14.1 One teams advances:

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.1. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.1, with games to 13.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, the top two teams in each

pool advance and use Bracket 4.1, four-team single elimination. The first

round has A1 play B2 and B1 play A2.

14.2 Two teams advance:

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.2.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, the top three teams in

each pool advance and use Bracket 6.2, six-team modified bracket – only two

qualify, to determine the two teams that advance.

14.3 Three teams advance:

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.1. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.5, with games to 11.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, the top four teams in each

pool advance and use Bracket 8.2.1 – eight-team clipped double elimination, to

determine the two teams that advance. The final game for second place is left

unplayed, as it would be the fifth game of the day.

14.4 Four teams advance

Start with four pools, according to Table 14.2.1.

After three rounds of pool play are complete, teams should use Bracket 16.4.2

to determine advancement. The games against A4 and B4 in the last round of the

first day, and in consolation play during the second day, are simply replaced

with a bye round.

14.5 Five teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 14.2.2.

After pool play, use Bracket 14.1 to determine advancement.

14.6 Six or eight teams advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.3. For six teams

advance, both pools play according to Table 7.1.1. For eight teams advance,

both teams play according to Table 7.1.2.

At the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.2 to determine

advancement.

55

14.7 Seven teams advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.4. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.1.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.3 to

determine the teams that advance.

14.8 Nine teams Advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.5. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.2.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.4 to

determine the teams that advance.

14.9 Ten teams advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.3. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.3.

At the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.5 to determine

advancement.

14.10 Eleven, thirteen, or fourteen teams Advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.4. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.2.

After the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.6 to

determine the teams that advance.

14.11 Twelve teams advance

Start with two pools of seven, according to Table 14.1.3. Both pools play

according to Table 7.1.2.

At the conclusion of pool play on the second day, use Bracket 14.7 to determine

advancement.

56

Table 14.1.1 Seeding for two pools of seven – version 1:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #13 Seed #14

Table 14.1.2 Seeding for two pools of seven – version 2:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #7 Seed #8

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #13 Seed #14

Games in pool play are to 11. Both pools play according to Table 7.1.4.

Table 14.1.3 Seeding for two pools of seven – version 3:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #13 Seed #14

Games in pool play are to 13.

Table 14.1.4 Seeding for two pools of seven – version 4:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #13 Seed #14

Games in pool play are to 13. Both pools play according to Table 7.1.2.

Table 14.1.5 Seeding for two pools of seven – version 5:

Pool A: Pool B:

Seed #1 Seed #2

Seed #4 Seed #3

Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #8 Seed #7

Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #14 Seed #13

57

Games in pool play are to 13. Both pools play according to Table 7.1.3.

58

Table 14.2.1 Seeding 14 teams into four pools, version 1

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #14 Seed #13

The pools of four play according to Table 4.1, and will take three rounds to

play out. The pools of three play according to Table 3.1, and should play

games to 17 so that points played will more closely match. Note the

instructions on playing an extra point in the second game in the adjacent “The

Three team tie-breaker problem” section.

Table 14.2.2 Seeding 14 teams into four pools, version 2

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #14 Seed #13

The pools of four play according to Table 4.1, and will take three rounds to

play out. The pools of three play according to Table 3.1, and should play

games to 17 so that points played will more closely match. Note the

instructions on playing an extra point in the second game in the adjacent “The

Three team tie-breaker problem” section.

59

Bracket 14.1 Fourteen team bracket– 5 teams advancing

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

A1 ──────────┐

a ├──────────┐

B2 ──────────┘ e │

C2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┐

b ├──────────┘ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

C1 ──────────┐ g ├─────────

c ├──────────┐ │ 1st place

D2 ──────────┘ f │ │

A2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┘

d ├──────────┘

B1 ──────────┘

Lf ────────┐ Lg ─────────┐

│ │

j ├─────────┐ │ winner 2nd

La ─────────┐ │ │ m ├──────────

h ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3rd

Lb ─────────┘ │ │

l ├─────────┘ Ll: 4th

Lc ─────────┐ │

i ├─────────┐ │

Ld ─────────┘ │ │

k ├─────────┘

│

Le ─────────┘

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

Li ───────┐

B3 ──────────┐ │

│ t ├─────────┐

r │ │ │

A4 ─────────┐ ├─────────┘ v ├─────────┐

o ├───────────┘ │ │

D3 ─────────┘ Lj ───────┘ │

x ├─────────

C3 ─────────┐ Lk ───────┐ │ 5th place

p ├───────────┐ │ │

B4 ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ w ├─────────┘

s │ │ │

│ u ├─────────┘

A3 ───────────┘ │

Lh ────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

60

Bracket 14.2 – Fourteen team bracket completion – 6 or 8 advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

Ld ──────┐

A4 ──────┐ g ├─────

f ├──────┘ 6th

B4 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

A5 ──────┐ i ├─────

h ├──────┘ 8th

B5 ──────┘

3

rd

: Lc

5

th

: Le

7

th

: Lg

9

th

: Li

10

th

: Lh

11th through 14th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A6vB7 A7vB6

A6vB6 A7vB7

61

Bracket 14.3 – Fourteen team bracket completion – seven advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

A4 ──────┐

f ├──────┐

B5 ──────┘ │

h ├─────

A5 ──────┐ │ 7th

g ├──────┘

B4 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

i ├─────

Lg ──────┘ 9th

3rd: Lc

5th: Le

6th: Ld

8th: Lh

10th: Li

11th through 14th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A6vB7 A7vB6

A6vB6 A7vB7

62

Bracket 14.4 – Fourteen team bracket completion – nine advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

3rd: Lc

4th: Lb

5th through 8th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A3vB4 A4vB3

A3vB3 A4vB4

A5 ──────┐

d ├──────┐

B6 ──────┘ │

f ├─────

A6 ──────┐ │ 9th

e ├──────┘

B5 ──────┘

Lh ──────┐

g ├─────

Li ──────┘ 11th

A7 ──────┐

h ├─────

B7 ──────┘ 13th

10th: Lf

12th: Lg

14th: Lh

63

Bracket 14.5 – Fourteen team bracket completion – ten advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

3rd: Lc

4th: Lb

5th through 8th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A3vB4 A4vB3

A3vB3 A4vB4

A5 ──────┐

d ├──────

B5 ──────┘ 8th

Ld ──────┐

A6 ──────┐ g ├─────

f ├──────┘ 10th

B6 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

A7 ──────┐ i ├─────

h ├──────┘ 12th

B7 ──────┘

9

th

: Le

11

th

: Lg

13

th

: Li

14

th

: Lh

64

Bracket 14.6 – Fourteen team bracket completion – 11, 13, or 14 advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

3rd: Lc

5th: Le

6th: Ld

7th through 10th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A4vB5 A5vB4

A4vB4 A5vB5

A6 ──────┐

f ├──────┐

B7 ──────┘ │

h ├─────

A7 ──────┐ │ 11th

g ├──────┘

B6 ──────┘

Lf ──────┐

i ├─────

Lg ──────┘ 13th

12th: Lh

14th: Li

65

Bracket 14.7 – Fourteen team bracket completion – twelve advancing

A1 ──────┐

a ├──────

B1 ──────┘ 1st

La ──────┐

A2 ──────┐ c ├─────

b ├──────┘ 2nd

B2 ──────┘

Lb ──────┐

A3 ──────┐ e ├─────

d ├──────┘ 4th

B3 ──────┘

3rd: Lc

5th: Le

6th: Ld

7th through 10th place are determined by a two-round pool play completion (games to

13):

A4vB5 A5vB4

A4vB4 A5vB5

A6 ──────┐

f ├──────

B6 ──────┘ 10th

Lf ──────┐

A7 ──────┐ h ├─────

g ├──────┘ 12th

B7 ──────┘

11

th

: Lf

13

th

: Lh

14

th

: Lg

66

15. Fifteen Teams

Unlike 13 teams, there is no reasonable set of crossovers that allows the use

of three pools. And there are simply too many teams to use two pools.

Therefore, all 15 team formats use four pools, with one of the pools being a

pool of three. Ordinarily, pools of three are unacceptable, because of the

three-way tie problem (see page 8), but in this case, all three teams qualify

for the elimination, and, in any event, there aren't many good options for a

15-team tournament.

15.1 One team advances

Start with four pools, according to Table 15.1.2. On the fourth round of the

first day, the following crossovers should be played:

A2-D3

D2-A3

B2-C3

C2-B3

On the second day, the eight remaining teams should play an eight-team single

elimination bracket. Seeding for the single elimination can be found in Table

16.1. This format requires four rounds on the first day, and three rounds on

the second day.

15.2 Two teams advance

Start with four pools, according to Table 15.1.3. After the three rounds of

pool play are complete teams should use Bracket 16.2.2 to determine

advancement. The fourth-place finishers in each pool play a three-team round

robin for placement in stead of games 21-24. This format requires four rounds

on the first day and four rounds on the second day.

15.3 Three teams advance

Start with four pools of four, according to Table 15.1.5. On the fourth found

of the first day, the following crossovers should be played:

A1-C1

B1-D1

D2-B3

C2-A3

B2-D3

A2-C3

The 1v1 crossovers are not elimination games, but the 2v3 crossovers are.

The top eight teams are then re-seeded in the following order:

1) Winner of A1vC1

2) Winner of B1vD1

3) Loser of A1vC1

4) Loser of B1vD1

5) Winner of C2vA3 IF A1 won the A1vC1 game, otherwise winner of A2vC3

6) Winner of D2vB3 IF B1 won the B1vD1 game, otherwise winner of B2vD3.

7) Winner of A2vC3 IF A1 won the A1vC1 game, otherwise winner of C2vA3.

1) Winner of B2vD3 IF B1 won the B1vD1 game, otherwise winner of D2vB3.

On the second day, these eight teams play Bracket 16.3.2, re-seeded eight-team

elimination. Note that the loser of the finals automatically finishes second.

67

15.4 Four or eight teams advance

Start with four pools, according to Table 15.1.1. After three rounds of pool

play are complete, teams should use Bracket 16.4.2 to determine advancement.

This format requires four rounds on the first day, and four rounds on the

second day. The games against A4 in the last round of the first day, and in

consolation play during the second day, are simply replaced with a bye round.

15.5 Five teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.5 to determine advancement. The games against

A4 in the last round of the first day, and in consolation play during the

second day, are simply replaced with a bye round.

15.6 Six teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.4

After pool play, use Bracket 16.6 to determine advancement. The games against

A4 in the last round of the first day, and in consolation play during the

second day, are simply replaced with a bye round.

15.7 Seven teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.7 to determine advancement. The games

against A4 in the last round of the first day, and in consolation play during

the second day, are simply replaced with a bye round.

15.8 Nine teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.1.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.8 to determine advancement. The games against

A4 in the last round of the first day, and in consolation play during the

second day, are simply replaced with a bye round.

68

15.9 Ten, eleven, or twelve teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.1. Instead of

playing games in the pools of four to 15 and in the pool of three to 17, play

games in the pools of four to 13 and in the pool of three to 15.

After the conclusion of pool play, top two teams from each pool advance and

should use Bracket 8.3, eight-team clipped double elimination. Seeding for the

clipped double elimination can be found in table 16.9. The first round of

bracket play should be played on the last round of the first day, leaving three

rounds of bracket play for the second day. Games in the bracket are played to

15, as usual.

The third and fourth place finishing teams in each pool play out the schedule

in Table 15.2, 7-team pool play completion from four pools. The first two

rounds of pool play completion are played Saturday, and the remaining five

rounds are played on Sunday. The 3v4 games from the original pools of four

also count towards this pool. All games are played to 13. Every team in the

lower pool has exactly four pool play games each day.

15.10 Thirteen or more teams advance

Divide the teams up in four pools, according to Table 15.1.1.

After the conclusion of pool play, the following crossovers are played:

A1-D1

B1-C1

A2-D2

B2-C2

A3-D3

B3-C3

These games comprise the first round of Bracket 16.9 - 10 or 12 teams

advancing – seeding from four pools. On the second day, the winners of the

3v3 crossovers and the top eight teams play the last three rounds of the 1st

place through 8th place brackets listed there. The results of these

brackets determine 1st through 10th place.

In addition, the following game is played in the last round of the first day:

B4-C4

On Sunday, all the fourth place teams, along with the losers of the 3v3

crossover games, play out the appropriate table of Tables 15.3.1 and 15.3.2,

five-team pool play completion from four pools. Which of the two versions is

played depends on the winner of the A3-D3 crossover game.

69

Table 15.1.1 Seeding 15 teams into four pools, version 1

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

The pools of four play according to Table 4.1, and will take three rounds to

play out. The pool of three plays according to Table 3.1, and should play

games to 17 so that points played will more closely match. Note the

instructions on playing an extra point in the second game in the adjacent “The

Three team tie-breaker problem” section.

Table 15.1.2 Seeding 15 teams into four pools, version 2

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #12 Seed #11 Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #13 Seed #14 Seed #15

Table 15.1.3 Seeding 15 teams into four pools, version 3

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #15 Seed #13 Seed #14

Table 15.1.4 Seeding 15 teams into four pools, version 4

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #7 Seed #8 Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

Table 15.1.5 Seeding 15 teams into four pools of four, version 5

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #11 Seed #12 Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #14 Seed #13 Seed #15

70

Table 15.2 7-team pool play completion from four pools

A3-C4 B3-D3 C3-D4

A3-B4

-------------------------------------

B3-C3 A3-D3 D4-C4

B3-C4 A3-D4 D3-B4

B3-D4 A3-C3 C4-B4

C3-B4 D3-C4

B3-A3 D4-B4 D3-C3

Table 15.3.1 5-team pool play completion from four pools – version 1

Use this version if A3 wins the A3-D3 crossover. Seed the teams in the second day

pool as follows:

E1 = loser of B3-C3

E2 = D3

E3 = 4th place team from E1’s pool

E4 = D4

E5 = Remaining 4th place team

E1-E5 E3-E4

E4-E5 E2-E3

E1-E4 E2-E5

E1-E2

The other three games were played on the first day.

Table 15.3.2 5-team pool play completion from four pools – version 2

Use this version if D3 wins the A3-D3 crossover. Seed the teams in the second day

pool as follows:

E1 = loser of B3-C3

E2 = A3

E3 = 4th place team from E1’s pool

E4 = D4

E5 = Remaining 4th place team

E1-E4 E2-E3

E3-E4 E2-E5

E1-E5 E2-E4

E1-E2 E4-E5

The other two games were played on the first day.

71

16. Sixteen Teams

16.1. One Team Advances

Start with four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.2. On the fourth round

of the first day, the following crossovers should be played:

A2-D3

D2-A3

B2-C3

C2-B3

On the second day, the eight remaining teams should play an eight-team single

elimination bracket. Seeding for the single elimination can be found in

Bracket 16.1. This format requires four rounds on the first day, and three

rounds on the second day.

16.2.1 Two Teams Advance – bracket option

Advancement is determined solely by Bracket 16.2.1. This format takes eight

fields for the first three rounds, and only two fields after that. For an

alternate schedule that only requires six fields on the first day, refer to

Table 16.2.1. If you have two divisions of 16, and 12 fields, you may use

table 16.2.2 or 16.2.3 instead.

16.2.2 Two Teams Advance – Pool Play Option

Start with four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.3. After the three

rounds of pool play are complete, teams should use Bracket 16.2.2 to determine

advancement. This format requires four rounds on the first day, and four

rounds on the second day.

72

16.3.1 Three teams advance – bracket option

Advancement is determined solely by Bracket 16.3.1. This format takes eight

fields for the first three rounds, and three fields after that. For an

alternate schedule that only requires six fields on the first day, refer to

Table 16.3.1. If you have two divisions of 16, and 12 fields, you may use

table 16.3.2 or 16.3.3 instead.

16.3.2 Three teams advance – pool play option

Start with four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.5. On the fourth found

of the first day, the following crossovers should be played:

A1-C1

B1-D1

D2-B3

C2-A3

B2-D3

A2-C3

The 1v1 crossovers are not elimination games, but the 2v3 crossovers are.

The top eight teams are then re-seeded in the following order:

8) Winner of A1vC1

9) Winner of B1vD1

10)Loser of A1vC1

11)Loser of B1vD1

12)Winner of C2vA3 IF A1 won the A1vC1 game, otherwise winner of A2vC3

13)Winner of D2vB3 IF B1 won the B1vD1 game, otherwise winner of B2vD3.

14)Winner of A2vC3 IF A1 won the A1vC1 game, otherwise winner of C2vA3.

15)Winner of B2vD3 IF B1 won the B1vD1 game, otherwise winner of D2vB3.

On the second day, these eight teams play Bracket 16.3.2, re-seeded eight-team

elimination. Note that the loser of the finals automatically finishes second.

16.4.1 Four teams advance – bracket option

Advancement is determined solely by Bracket 16.4.1. This format takes eight

fields for the first day, and four on the second day. For an alternate

schedule that only requires six fields on the first day, refer to Table 16.4.1.

If you have two divisions of 16, and 12 fields, you may use table 16.4.2 or

16.4.3 instead.

16.4.2 Four or Eight Teams Advance – pool play option

Start with four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.1. After three rounds

of pool play are complete, teams should use Bracket 16.4.2 to determine

advancement. This format requires four rounds on the first day, and four

rounds on the second day.

73

16.5 Five Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.5 to determine advancement. This format

requires four rounds on the first day, and four rounds on the second day.

16.6 Six Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.6 to determine advancement. This format

requires four rounds on the first day, and four rounds on the second day.

16.7 Seven or Eleven Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.7 to determine advancement. This format

requires four rounds on the first day, and three rounds on the second day.

16.8 Nine Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.1.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.8 to determine advancement. This format

requires four rounds on the first day, and three rounds on the second day.

16.9 Ten or Twelve Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.1.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.9 - 10 or 12 teams advancing – seeding from

four pools. This format requires four rounds on the first day, and three

rounds on the second day.

16.10 Sixteen Teams – 13 or more Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools of four, according to Table 16.1.4.

After pool play, use Bracket 16.10 to determine advancement. This format

requires four rounds on the first day, and three rounds on the second day.

74

Table 16.1.1 Seeding for four pools of four, version 1

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #16 Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

The pools play according to Table 4.1, and will take three rounds to play out.

Table 16.1.2 Seeding for four pools of four, version 2

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #12 Seed #11 Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #13 Seed #14 Seed #15 Seed #16

Table 16.1.3 Seeding for four pools of four, version 3

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #15 Seed #16 Seed #13 Seed #14

Table 16.1.4 Seeding for four pools of four, version 4

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #7 Seed #8 Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #16 Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

Table 16.1.5 Seeding for four pools of four, version 5

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #11 Seed #12 Seed #9 Seed #10

Seed #14 Seed #13 Seed #16 Seed #15

75

Table 16.2.1 Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/2 bracket

Cross-reference the following three tables with the game numbers from Bracket 16.2.1.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6

Round 1: h g e d c f

Round 2: a b r j

Round 3: i l k p s q

Round 4: w t u v dd ee

Round 5: m n x y ff gg

Table 16.2.2 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/2 brackets, version

1

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: u1 t1 dd1 ee1 r2 l2 s2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: m1 n1 v1 w1 ee2 n2 w2 u2 m2 t2 v2 dd2

Round 5: x1 hh1 y1 ii1 ff1 gg1 ii2 x2 gg2 hh2 y2 ff2

Table 16.2.3 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/2 brackets, version 2

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Use this version when (due to weather, field conditions, etc) priority must be given

to completing games which affect advancement as early as possible.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: t1 u1 v1 w1 r2 l2 s2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: m1 x1 y1 n1 dd1 n2 w2 u2 m2 t2 v2 dd2

Round 5: ee1 x2 y2 ee2

76

Table 16.3.1 Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/3 bracket

Cross-reference the following three tables with the game numbers from Bracket 16.3.1.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6

Round 1: h g e d c f

Round 2: a b r j

Round 3: i l k p s q

Round 4: w t u v gg hh

Round 5: m n x y ii jj

Table 16.3.2 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/3 brackets, version 1

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: u1 t1 gg1 hh1 r2 l2 s2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: m1 n1 v1 w1 hh2 n2 w2 u2 m2 t2 v2 gg2

Round 5: x1 kk1 y1 ll1 ii1 jj1 ll2 x2 jj2 kk2 y2 ii2

Table 16.3.3 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/3 brackets, version 2

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Use this version when (due to weather, field conditions, etc) priority must be given

to completing games which affect advancement as early as possible.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: t1 u1 v1 w1 r2 l2 s2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: m1 x1 y1 n1 gg1 n2 w2 u2 m2 t2 v2 gg2

Round 5: hh2 x2 y2 hh2

77

Table 16.4.1 Alternate 6-field schedule for 16/4 bracket

Cross-reference the following two tables with the game numbers from Bracket 16.4.1.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6

Round 1: h g e d c f

Round 2: a b r j

Round 3: i l k p s q

Round 4: w t u v ll mm

Round 5: m n x y dd ee

Table 16.4.2 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/4 brackets

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: u1 t1 ll1 mm1 r2 l2 s2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: m1 n1 v1 w1 mm2 n2 w2 u2 m2 t2 v2 ll2

Round 5: x1 dd1 y1 ee1 nn1 oo1 ee1 x2 oo2 dd2 y2 nn2

Table 16.4.3 Alternate 12-field schedule for two sets of 16/4 brackets

One division is referred to as division “1”, and the other as division “2”. These

distinctions are arbitrary.

Use this version when (due to weather, field conditions, etc) priority must be given

to completing games which affect advancement as early as possible.

Flds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Round 1: a1 b1 c1 f1 e1 d1 h1 g1 h2 e2 f2 g2

Round 2: i1 p1 q1 r1 k1 j1 l1 s1 a2 b2 d2 c2

Round 3: w1 t1 v1 u1 r2 s2 l2 k2 i2 p2 j2 q2

Round 4: ee1 dd1 y1 x1 m1 n1 t2 u2 w2 n2 v2 m2

Round 5: ll1 mm1 dd2 x2 ee2 ll2 y2 mm2

78

Bracket 16.1 Single elimination bracket from four pools

Sat Sun

Round 4 1 2 3

A1 ─────────┐

e │

B2 ───────┐ ├──────────┐

a ├─────────┘ │

C3 ───────┘ i │

├──────────┐

D1 ─────────┐ │ │

f │ │ │

C2 ───────┐ ├──────────┘ │

b ├─────────┘ │

B3 ───────┘ k │

├─────────

C1 ─────────┐ │

g │ │

A3 ───────┐ ├──────────┐ │

c ├─────────┘ │ │

D2 ───────┘ j │ │

├──────────┘

B1 ─────────┐ │

h │ │

D3 ───────┐ ├──────────┘

d ├─────────┘

A2 ───────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

79

Bracket 16.2.1 – 16 team Double-Elimination

Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 ─────────┐

a ├─────────┐

16 ─────────┘ i │

9 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐

b ├─────────┘ │

8 ─────────┘ m │

5 ─────────┐ ├---------------───────┐

c ├─────────┐ │ │

12 ─────────┘ j │ │ │

13 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘ │

d ├─────────┘ │

4 ─────────┘ o │

3 ─────────┐ ├──────────────

e ├─────────┐ │ 1

st

place

14 ─────────┘ k │ │

11 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐ │

f ├─────────┘ │ │

6 ─────────┘ n │ │

7 ─────────┐ ├─--------------───────┘

g ├─────────┐ │

10 ─────────┘ l │ │

15 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘

h ├─────────┘

2 ─────────┘

Ll ─────────┐ Lo ────────┐

La ─────────┐ t ├─────────┐ │

p ├─────────┘ x │ │

Lb ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ cc │

Lk ─────────┐ │ z │ ├────

Lc ─────────┐ u ├─────────┘ ├────────┐ │2nd

q ├─────────┘ │ │ │

Ld ─────────┘ Lm ────────┘ │ │

Lj ─────────┐ bb │ │

Le ─────────┐ v ├─────────┐ ├────────┘

r ├─────────┘ y │ │

Lf ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ │

Li ─────────┐ │ aa │ │

Lg ─────────┐ w ├─────────┘ ├────────┘

s ├─────────┘ │

Lh ─────────┘ Ln ────────┘

Lp ─────────┐

dd ├─────────┐

Lq ─────────┘ │W13th

ff ├───

Lr ─────────┐ │L14th

ee ├─────────┘

Ls ─────────┘

Ldd ─────────┐W 15th

gg ├───

Lee ─────────┘L 16

th

80

Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lt ─────────┐W 9th

hh ├───

Lu ─────────┘L 11th

Lv ─────────┐W 9th

ii ├───

Lw ─────────┘L 11th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

81

Bracket 16.2.2 Two teams advancing, seeding from four pools (15-16 teams)

Sat Sun

Round 4 Round 1 2 3 4

A1 ────────┐

a ├-------------------------─────────┐

D1 ────────┘ │

c ├──────────

C1 ────────┐ │ 1st place

b ├-------------------------─────────┘

B1 ────────┘

C2 ────────┐ La ────────┐ Lc ─────────┐

d ├────────────┐ │ │

D3 ────────┘ │ j ├──────────┐ │

h │ │ │ │

A3 ────────┐ ├──────────┘ │ m ├──────────

e ├────────────┘ │ │ 2nd place

B2 ────────┘ │ │

l ├─────────┘

A2 ────────┐ │

f ├────────────┐ │ 3rd = Lm

B3 ────────┘ ├──────────┐ │ 4th = Ll

i │ │ │ 5th = Lj/Lk

C3 ────────┐ │ k ├──────────┘

g ├────────────┘ │

D2 ────────┘ Lb ────────┘

Lh ────────┐W 7th

n ├───

Li ────────┘L 8th

Lc ─────────┐

o ├──────────┐

Ld ─────────┘ │W 9th

q ├───

Le ─────────┐ │L 10th

p ├──────────┘

Lf ─────────┘

Lo ────────┐W 11th

r ├───

Lp ────────┘L 12th

A4 ─────────┐

s ├──────────┐

D4 ─────────┘ │W 13th

u ├───

C4 ─────────┐ │L 14th

t ├──────────┘

B4 ─────────┘

Ls ────────┐W 15th

v ├───

Lt ────────┘L 16th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

82

Bracket 16.3.1 16 teams, three teams advance

Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 ─────────┐

a ├─────────┐

16 ─────────┘ i │

8 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐

b ├─────────┘ │

9 ─────────┘ m │

5 ─────────┐ ├---------------───────┐

c ├─────────┐ │ │

12 ─────────┘ j │ │ │

1 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘ │

d ├─────────┘ │

4 ─────────┘ o │

3 ─────────┐ ├──────────────

e ├─────────┐ │ 1

st

place

14 ─────────┘ k │ │

11 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐ │

f ├─────────┘ │ │

6 ─────────┘ n │ │

7 ─────────┐ ├─--------------───────┘

g ├─────────┐ │

10 ─────────┘ l │ │

15 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘

h ├─────────┘

2 ─────────┘

Ll ─────────┐ Lo ────────┐

La ─────────┐ t ├─────────┐ │

p ├─────────┘ x │ │

Lb ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ cc │

Lk ─────────┐ │ z │ ├────

Lc ─────────┐ u ├─────────┘ ├────────┐ │2nd

q ├─────────┘ │ │ │

Ld ─────────┘ Lm ────────┘ │ │

Lj ─────────┐ bb │ │

Le ─────────┐ v ├─────────┐ ├────────┘

r ├─────────┘ y │ │

Lf ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ │

Li ─────────┐ │ aa │ │

Lg ─────────┐ w ├─────────┘ ├────────┘

s ├─────────┘ │

Lh ─────────┘ Ln ────────┘

Lcc ────────┐

Lbb ────────┐ │

│ ff ├────

ee ├────────┘ 3rd

Lz ───────┐ │

dd ├────────┘

Laa ───────┘

83

Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lp ─────────┐

gg ├─────────┐

Lq ─────────┘ │W13th

ii ├─────

Lr ─────────┐ │L14th

hh ├─────────┘

Ls ─────────┘

Lhh ─────────┐W 15th

jj ├─────

Lii ─────────┘L 16th

Lt ─────────┐W 9th

kk ├─────

Lu ─────────┘L 11th

Lv ─────────┐W 9th

ll ├─────

Lw ─────────┘L 11th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

84

Bracket 16.3.2 Re-seeded eight-team elimination, 3 teams advance (15-16 teams)

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

1 ─────┐

g ├─────────┐

8 ─────┘ │

k ├- - -──────────┐

5 ─────┐ │ │

h ├─────────┘ │

4 ─────┘ │

m ├────────────

3 ─────┐ │ (1st place)

i ├─────────┐ │

6 ─────┘ │ │

l ├─- - -─────────┘

7 ─────┐ │

j ├─────────┘

2 ─────┘

Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

Lg ────────┐

n ├──────────┐

Lh ────────┘ p ├────────┐

│ │

Ll ─────────┘ │

Li ────────┐ r ├────────

o ├────-─────┐ │ (3rd place)

Lj ────────┘ q │ │

├────────┘

Lk ─────────┘

Ln ─────────┐

s ├─────────

Lo ─────────┘

Lp ────────┐

t ├────────

Lq ────────┘

Accompanying Notes to Bracket 16.3.2:

1st place - winner of m.

2nd place – loser of m.

3rd place – winner of r.

4th place - loser of r.

5th place - winner of t.

6th place - loser of t.

7th place - winner of s.

8th place - loser of s.

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

85

Bracket 16.4.1 16 team, four teams advance

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 ─────────┐

a ├─────────┐

16 ─────────┘ i │

8 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐

b ├─────────┘ │

9 ─────────┘ m │

5 ─────────┐ ├------------------------────────┐

c ├─────────┐ │ │

12 ─────────┘ j │ │ │

1 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘ │

d ├─────────┘ │

4 ─────────┘ o │

3 ─────────┐ ├─────────

e ├─────────┐ │ 1

st

place

14 ─────────┘ k │ │

11 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┐ │

f ├─────────┘ │ │

6 ─────────┘ n │ │

7 ─────────┐ ├------------------------────────┘

g ├─────────┐ │

10 ─────────┘ l │ │

15 ─────────┐ ├-----─────────┘

h ├─────────┘

2 ─────────┘

Ll ─────────┐ Lo ────────┐

La ─────────┐ t ├─────────┐ │

p ├─────────┘ x │ │

Lb ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ cc │ 2nd

Lk ─────────┐ │ z │ ├────

Lc ─────────┐ u ├─────────┘ ├---------────────┐ │ 3rd

q ├─────────┘ │ │ │

Ld ─────────┘ Lm ────────┘ │ │

Lj ─────────┐ bb │ │

Le ─────────┐ v ├─────────┐ ├────────┘

r ├─────────┘ y │ │

Lf ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ │

Li ─────────┐ │ aa │ │

Lg ─────────┐ w ├─────────┘ ├---------────────┘

s ├─────────┘ │

Lh ─────────┘ Ln ────────┘

Lbb ────────┐

Lz ────────┐ │

Ly ─────────┐ │ │

│ hh ├────────┐ │ 4th

ff ├────────┘ │ kk ├────

Lt ─────────┐ │ │ │ 5th

dd ├─────────┘ │ │

Lu ─────────┘ │ │

Lv ─────────┐ jj ├────────┘

ee ├─────────┐ │

Lw ─────────┘ │ │ 6th

= Ljj

gg ├────────┐ │

│ │ │ 7th = Lhh/Lii

Lx ─────────┘ ii ├────────┘

│ 11th = Ldd/Lee

Laa ───────┘

86

Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lp ─────────┐

ll ├─────────┐

Lq ─────────┘ │W13th

nn ├───

Lr ─────────┐ │L14th

mm ├─────────┘

Ls ─────────┘

Lll ─────────┐W 15th

oo ├───

Lmm ─────────┘L 16th

Lff ───────┐W 9th

pp ├───

Lgg ───────┘L 10th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

87

Bracket 16.4.2 4 or 8 teams advancing - seeding from four pools (13-16 teams)

4 1 2 3 4

A1─────┐

a ├------------------------─────────┐

D1─────┘ │ 1st place

c ├──────────

C1─────┐ │

b ├------------------------─────────┘

B1─────┘

La ─────────┐ Lc ──────────┐

│ │

f ├--------------─────────┐ │ winner 2

nd

C2─────┐ │ │ i ├──────────

d ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3

rd

B2─────┘ │ │

h ├──────────┘

A2─────┐ │

e ├─────────┐ │

D2─────┘ │ │

g ├--------------─────────┘

│

Lb ─────────┘

Lg ────────────┐

Ld ─────────┐ │ Lh ──────────┐

│ n ├─────────┐ │

l ├─────────────┘ │ │ 4th place

A3─────┐ │ │ q ├──────────

j ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 5th

D3─────┘ │ │

p ├──────────┘

C3─────┐ │

k ├─────────┐ │

B3─────┘ │ │

m ├─────────────┐ │

│ │ │

Le ─────────┘ o ├─────────┘

│

Lf ────────────┘

Lp ─────────┐

│ 6th place

Ln ─────────┐ s ├──────────

r ├──────────┘ loser 7th

│

Lo ─────────┘

88

Lm ────────────┐

Lj ─────────┐ │ Lr ─────────┐

│ x ├─────────┐ │

v ├─────────────┘ │ │ 8th place

C4─────┐ │ │ aa ├──────────

t ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 9th

B4─────┘ │ │

z ├─────────┘

A4─────┐ │

u ├─────────┐ │ 10th = Lz

D4─────┘ │ │ 11th = Lx/Ly

w ├─────────────┐ │ 14th = Lcc

│ │ │ 16th = Lbb

Lk ─────────┘ y ├─────────┘

│

Ll ────────────┘

Lt ─────────┐

│

bb ├── 15th

│

Lu ─────────┘

Lv ────────────┐

│

cc ├─ 13th

│

Lw ────────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

89

Bracket 16.5 5 teams advancing – seeding from four pools (15-16 teams)

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

A1 ──────────┐

a ├──────────┐

B2 ──────────┘ e │

C2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┐

b ├──────────┘ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

C1 ──────────┐ g ├─────────

c ├──────────┐ │ 1st place

D2 ──────────┘ f │ │

A2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┘

d ├──────────┘

B1 ──────────┘

Lf ────────┐ Lg ─────────┐

│ │

j ├─────────┐ │ winner 2nd

La ─────────┐ │ │ m ├──────────

h ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3rd

Lb ─────────┘ │ │

l ├─────────┘ Ll: 4th

Lc ─────────┐ │

i ├─────────┐ │

Ld ─────────┘ │ │

k ├─────────┘

│

Le ─────────┘

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

B3 ─────────┐ Li ───────┐

n ├───────────┐ │

A4 ─────────┘ │ t ├─────────┐

r │ │ │

D4 ─────────┐ ├─────────┘ v ├─────────┐

o ├───────────┘ │ │

C3 ─────────┘ Lj ───────┘ │

x ├─────────

D3 ─────────┐ Lk ───────┐ │ 5th place

p ├───────────┐ │ │

C4 ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ w ├─────────┘

s │ │ │

B4 ─────────┐ │ u ├─────────┘

q ├───────────┘ │

A3 ─────────┘ Lh ────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

90

Lr ─────────┐ winner 11th

y ├────────

Ls ─────────┘ loser 12th

Ln ─────────┐

z ├─────────┐

Lo ─────────┘ │ winner 13th

bb ├────────

Lp ─────────┐ │ loser 14th

aa ├─────────┘

Lq ─────────┘

Lz ─────────┐ winner 15th

cc ├────────

Laa ─────────┘ loser 16th

91

Bracket 16.6 6 teams advancing – seeding from four pools (15-16 teams)

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

A1 ──────────┐

a ├──────────┐

B2 ──────────┘ e │

C2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┐

b ├──────────┘ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

C1 ──────────┐ g ├─────────

c ├──────────┐ │ 1st place

D2 ──────────┘ f │ │

A2 ──────────┐ ├─ - - - - -────────┘

d ├──────────┘

B1 ──────────┘

Lf ────────┐ Lg ─────────┐

│ │

j ├─────────┐ │ winner 2nd

La ─────────┐ │ │ m ├──────────

h ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3rd

Lb ─────────┘ │ │

l ├─────────┘

Lc ─────────┐ │

i ├─────────┐ │

Ld ─────────┘ │ │

k ├─────────┘

│

Le ─────────┘

Ll ───────┐

│ 4th place

o ├─────────

Lj ────────┐ │ loser 5th

n ├─────────┘

Lk ────────┘

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

A3 ─────────┐ Lh ────────┐ Ln ─────────┐

p ├───────────┐ │ │

B4 ─────────┘ │ v ├──────────┐ │

t │ │ │ │ winner 6th

C4 ─────────┐ ├─────────┘ │ y ├──────────

q ├───────────┘ │ │ loser 7th

D3 ─────────┘ │ │

x ├─────────┘

C3 ─────────┐ │

r ├───────────┐ │

D4 ─────────┘ ├─────────┐ │

u │ │ │

A4 ─────────┐ │ w ├──────────┘

s ├───────────┘ │

B3 ─────────┘ Li ────────┘

92

Lt ─────────┐ winner 11th

z ├────────

Lu ─────────┘ loser 12th

Lp ─────────┐

aa ├─────────┐

Lq ─────────┘ │ winner 13th

cc ├────────

Lr ─────────┐ │ loser 14th

bb ├─────────┘

Ls ─────────┘

Laa ─────────┐ winner 15th

dd ├────────

Lbb ─────────┘ loser 16th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

93

Bracket 16.7 7 or 11 teams advancing – seeding from four pools

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

A1 ──────────┐

a ├──────────┐

B2 ──────────┘ e │

C2 ──────────┐ ├──────────┐

b ├──────────┘ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

C1 ──────────┐ g ├─────────

c ├──────────┐ │ 1st place

D2 ──────────┘ f │ │

A2 ──────────┐ ├──────────┘

d ├──────────┘

B1 ──────────┘

Lg ──────────┐

│ 2nd place

i ├─────────

Le ─────────┐ │ loser 3rd

h ├───────────┘

Lf ─────────┘

La ──────────┐

│

j ├──────────┐Lh ────────┐

│ │ │winner 4th place

Lb ──────────┘ │ m ├─────────

│ │loser 5th place

l ├───────────┘

│ 6th = Ll

Lc ──────────┐ │

│ │

k ├──────────┘

│

Ld ──────────┘

94

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

B3 ──────────┐ Lk ────────┐

n ├──────────┐ │

A4 ──────────┘ │ t ├──────────┐

r │ │ │

D4 ──────────┐ ├──────────┘ │

o ├──────────┘ │

C3 ──────────┘ │ 7th place

v ├─────────

D3 ──────────┐ │ loser 8th

p ├──────────┐ │

C4 ──────────┘ ├──────────┐ │

s │ │ │

B4 ──────────┐ │ u ├──────────┘

q ├──────────┘ │

A3 ──────────┘ Lj ─────────┘

Lt ─────────┐ winner 9th

w ├─────────

Lu ─────────┘ loser 10th

Ls ─────────┐

│

z ├──────────┐

Ln ─────────┐ │ │

x ├──────────┘ │

Lo ─────────┘ │ 11th place

bb ├─────────

Lp ─────────┐ │ loser 12th

y ├──────────┐ │

Lq ─────────┘ │ │

aa ├──────────┘

│

Lr ─────────┘

Lz ─────────┐ winner 13th

cc ├─────────

Laa ─────────┘ loser 14th

Lx ─────────┐ winner 15th

dd ├────────

Ly ─────────┘ loser 16th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

95

Bracket 16.8 9 teams advancing – seeding from four pools

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

A1 ──────────┐

│

a ├- - - - - ─────────┐

│ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

c ├─────────

C1 ──────────┐ │ 1st place

│ │

b ├─ - - - - -────────┘

│

B1 ──────────┘

Lb ────────┐ Lc ────────┐

│ │

f ├─────────┐ │ winner 2nd

A2 ──────────┐ │ │ i ├──────────

d ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3rd

D2 ──────────┘ │ │

h ├─────────┘ Lh: 4th

C2 ──────────┐ │

e ├─────────┐ │

B2 ──────────┘ │ │

g ├─────────┘

│

La ────────┘

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

Le ───────┐

A3 ──────────┐ │

│ l ├─────────┐

j │ │ │

├─────────┘ n ├─────────┐

D3 ──────────┘ │ │

Lf ────────┘ │ winner 5th

p ├─────────

Lg ────────┐ │ loser 6th

C3 ──────────┐ │ │

├─────────┐ o ├─────────┘

k │ │ │

│ m ├─────────┘

B3 ──────────┘ │

Ld ───────┘

Ln ─────────┐ winner 7th

q ├─────────

Lo ─────────┘ loser 8th

96

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

Lk ───────┐

A4 ──────────┐ │

│ t ├─────────┐

r │ │ │

├─────────┘ v ├─────────┐

D4 ──────────┘ │ │

Ll ────────┘ │

x ├─────────

Lm ────────┐ │ 9th place

C4 ──────────┐ │ │

├─────────┐ w ├─────────┘

s │ │ │

│ u ├─────────┘

B4 ──────────┘ │

Lj ───────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

97

Bracket 16.9 10 or 12 teams advancing – seeding from four pools

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

A1 ──────────┐

│

a ├- - - - - ─────────┐

│ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

c ├─────────

C1 ──────────┐ │ 1st place

│ │

b ├─ - - - - -────────┘

│

B1 ──────────┘

Lb ────────┐ Lc ────────┐

│ │

f ├─────────┐ │ winner 2nd

A2 ──────────┐ │ │ i ├──────────

d ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 3rd

D2 ──────────┘ │ │

h ├─────────┘

C2 ──────────┐ │

e ├─────────┐ │

B2 ──────────┘ │ │

g ├─────────┘

│

La ────────┘

Lh ────────┐

│ 4th place

k ├─────────

Lf ────────┐ │ loser 5th

j ├─────────┘

Lg ────────┘

Le ────────┐ Lj ────────┐

│ │

n ├─────────┐ │ winner 6th

A3 ──────────┐ │ │ q ├──────────

l ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 7th

D3 ──────────┘ │ │

p ├─────────┘

C3 ──────────┐ │

m ├─────────┐ │

B3 ──────────┘ │ │

o ├─────────┘

│

Ld ────────┘

98

Lp ───────┐

│ 8th place

s ├─────────

Ln ────────┐ │ loser 9th

r ├─────────┘

Lo ────────┘

Lm ────────┐ Lr ────────┐

│ │

v ├─────────┐ │ winner 10th

A4 ──────────┐ │ │ y ├──────────

t ├─────────┘ │ │ loser 11th

D4 ──────────┘ │ │

x ├─────────┘

C4 ──────────┐ │

u ├─────────┐ │

B4 ──────────┘ │ │

w ├─────────┘

│

Ll ────────┘

Lx ───────┐

│ 12th place

aa ├─────────

Lv ────────┐ │ loser 13th

z ├─────────┘

Lw ────────┘

99

Bracket 16.10 13 or more teams advancing – seeding from four pools

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

A1 ──────────┐

a ├──────────┐

B2 ──────────┘ e │

C2 ──────────┐ ├──────────┐

b ├──────────┘ │

D1 ──────────┘ │

C1 ──────────┐ g ├─────────

c ├──────────┐ │ 1st place

D2 ──────────┘ f │ │

A2 ──────────┐ ├──────────┘

d ├──────────┘

B1 ──────────┘

Lg ──────────┐

│ 2nd place

i ├─────────

Le ─────────┐ │ loser 3rd

h ├───────────┘

Lf ─────────┘

La ──────────┐ Lh ─────────┐

│ │

j ├──────────┐ │ winner 4th place

│ │ m ├─────────

Lb ──────────┘ │ │loser 5th place

│ │

l ├───────────┘

│ 6th = L19

Lc ──────────┐ │

│ │

k ├──────────┘

│

Ld ──────────┘

100

Sat Sun

Rd. 4 Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3

B3 ──────────┐ Lk ────────┐

n ├──────────┐ │

A4 ──────────┘ │ t ├──────────┐

r │ │ │

D4 ──────────┐ ├──────────┘ │

o ├──────────┘ │

C3 ──────────┘ │ 7th place

v ├─────────

D3 ──────────┐ │ loser 8th

p ├──────────┐ │

C4 ──────────┘ ├──────────┐ │

s │ │ │

B4 ──────────┐ │ u ├──────────┘

q ├──────────┘ │

A3 ──────────┘ Lj ─────────┘

Lt ─────────┐ winner 9th

w ├─────────

Lu ─────────┘ loser 10th

Lr ─────────┐ winner 11th

x ├────────

Ls ─────────┘ loser 12th

Ln ──────────┐

│

y ├──────────┐

│ │

Lo ──────────┘ │

│ winner 13th

aa ├───────────

│ loser 14th

Lp ──────────┐ │

│ │

z ├──────────┘

│

Lq ──────────┘

Ly ─────────┐ winner 15th

bb ├────────

Lz ─────────┘ loser 16th

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

101

17. Seventeen through Twenty-Four Teams

All formats for 17 through 24 teams have four pools, with between four and

six teams, depending on the number of teams in the event. Pool play

comprises the first day of play, while a bracket is used on the second day

of play.

17.1 One Team Advances

Divide the teams up in four pools according to Table 17.1.3. At the

conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 16.1 - Single elimination

bracket from four pools - to determine advancement. Note that rather than

having one round of bracket play on the first day and three on the second

day, all four rounds of bracket play will be on the second day.

17.2 Two or Four Teams Advance

For 17, 18, 19, or 20 teams advancing, play the appropriate bracket of

17.1, 17.2, 17.3, or 17.4 to determine advancement.

For twenty-one or more teams, divide the teams up in four pools according

to Table 17.1.1. At the conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 16.9 -

10 or 12 teams advancing – seeding from four pools. (Do not use brackets

16.2.2, 16.4.2, or 16.6 – those brackets are for fewer than 17 teams.)

Note that rather than having one round of bracket play on the first day and

three on the second day, all four rounds of bracket play will be on the

second day.

17.3 Three Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools according to Table 17.1.2. At the

conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 17.5 to determine advancement.

17.4 Five or Nine Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools according to Table 17.1.1. At the

conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 16.8 - 9 teams advancing –

seeding from four pools - to determine advancement. (Five teams advance

does NOT use bracket 16.5 – that bracket is for fewer than 17 teams.) Note

that rather than having one round of bracket play on the first day and three

on the second day, all four rounds of bracket play will be on the second

day.

17.5 Six, Eight, Ten, or Twelve Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools according to Table 17.1.1. At the

conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 16.9 - 10 or 12 teams advancing

– seeding from four pools. (Do not use brackets 16.2.2, 16.4.2, or 16.6 –

those brackets are for fewer than 17 teams.) Note that rather than having

one round of bracket play on the first day and three on the second day, all

four rounds of bracket play will be on the second day.

17.6 Seven or Eleven Teams Advance

Divide the teams up in four pools according to Table 17.1.4. At the

conclusion of pool play, play, use Bracket 16.7 - 7 or 11 teams advancing –

seeding from four pools - to determine advancement. Note that rather than

having one round of bracket play on the first day and three on the second

day, all four rounds of bracket play will be on the second day.

102

Notes for all large section pool seeding sets:

For less than 24 teams, not all of these positions will be filled. Pools will

have four, five, or six teams, depending on the size of your event. Pools of

four play to 15, pools of five play to 13, and pools of six play to 11. Pools

of four begin with a pool-wide bye

Table 17.1.1 Seeding for four pools for large sections, version 1

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #9 Seed #10 Seed #11 Seed #12

Seed #16 Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

Seed #17 Seed #18 Seed #19 Seed #20

Seed #24 Seed #23 Seed #22 Seed #21

Use Table 4.1 for pools of 4. For 5, 6, or 8 teams advancing, use tables

5.1.2 and 6.1.1 for pools of five and six, respectively. For 2, 4, 9, 10,

or 12 teams advancing, use tables 5.1.3 and 6.1.2 for pools of five and six,

respectively.

Table 17.1.2 Seeding for four pools for large sections, version 2

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #15 Seed #16 Seed #13 Seed #14

Seed #17 Seed #18 Seed #19 Seed #20

Seed #24 Seed #23 Seed #22 Seed #21

Use Tables 4.1, 5.1.2 and 6.1.1 for pools of 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

Table 17.1.3 Seeding for four pools for large sections, version 3

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #8 Seed #7 Seed #6 Seed #5

Seed #12 Seed #11 Seed #10 Seed #9

Seed #13 Seed #14 Seed #15 Seed #16

Seed #17 Seed #18 Seed #19 Seed #20

Seed #24 Seed #23 Seed #22 Seed #21

Use Tables 4.1, 5.1.2 and 6.1.1 for pools of 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

Table 17.1.4 Seeding for four pools for large sections, version 4

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

Seed #1 Seed #2 Seed #3 Seed #4

Seed #7 Seed #8 Seed #5 Seed #6

Seed #10 Seed #9 Seed #12 Seed #11

Seed #16 Seed #15 Seed #14 Seed #13

Seed #17 Seed #18 Seed #19 Seed #20

Seed #24 Seed #23 Seed #22 Seed #21

Use Tables 4.1, 5.1.1 and 6.1.2 for pools of 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

103

Bracket 17.1 17 teams, two or four teams advance

1 ────────┐

16 ───────┐ b ├────────┐

a ├────────┘ j │

17 ───────┘ ├─────────┐

8 ────────┐ │ │

c ├────────┘ │

9 ────────┘ n │

5 ────────┐ ├------------------────────┐

d ├────────┐ │ │

12 ────────┘ k │ │ │

├─────────┘ │

13 ────────┐ │ │

e ├────────┘ │

4 ────────┘ p │

3 ────────┐ ├─────────

f ├────────┐ │ 1

st

place

14 ────────┘ l │ │

├─────────┐ │

11 ────────┐ │ │ │

g ├────────┘ │ │

6 ────────┘ o │ │

7 ────────┐ ├------------------────────┘

h ├────────┐ │

10 ────────┘ m │ │

├─────────┘

15 ───────┐ │

i ├---------────────┘

2 ───────┘

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lm ────────┐ Lp ────────┐

Lb ────────┐ v ├─────────┐ │

r ├────────┘ │ │

Lc ────────┘ z ├─────────┐ │ 2nd

Ll ────────┐ │ │ ee ├────

Ld ────────┐ w ├─────────┘ bb ├────────┐ │ 3rd

s ├────────┘ │ │ │

Le ────────┘ Ln ─────────┘ │ │

Lk ────────┐ │ │

Lf ────────┐ x ├─────────┐ dd ├────────┘

t ├────────┘ │ │

Lg ────────┘ aa ├─────────┐ │

La ────────┐ Lj ────────┐ │ │ │

q ├────────┐ y ├─────────┘ cc ├────────┘

Li ────────┘ u ├────────┘ │

Lh ────────┘ Lo ─────────┘

Ldd ────────┐

│

Lbb ───────┐ gg ├────

│ │ 4th

ff ├────────┘

│

Lcc ───────┘

104

Bracket 17.2 18 teams, two or four teams advance

1 ────────┐

16 ───────┐ c ├────────┐

a ├────────┘ │

17 ───────┘ k ├─────────┐

8 ────────┐ │ │

d ├────────┘ │

9 ────────┘ o │

5 ────────┐ ├------------------────────┐

e ├────────┐ │ │

12 ────────┘ │ │ │

l ├─────────┘ │

13 ───────┐ │ │

f ├---------────────┘ │

4 ───────┘ q │

3 ───────┐ ├─────────

g ├---------────────┐ │ 1

st

place

14 ───────┘ │ │

m ├─────────┐ │

11 ────────┐ │ │ │

h ├────────┘ │ │

6 ────────┘ p │ │

7 ────────┐ ├------------------────────┘

i ├────────┐ │

10 ────────┘ │ │

15 ───────┐ n ├─────────┘

b ├────────┐ │

18 ───────┘ j ├────────┘

2 ────────┘

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Ln ────────┐ Lq ────────┐

Lc ────────┐ x ├─────────┐ │

t ├────────┘ │ │

Ld ────────┘ bb ├─────────┐ │ 2nd

Lm ────────┐ │ │ gg ├────

Le ────────┐ y ├─────────┘ dd ├────────┐ │ 3rd

Lf ────────┐ u ├────────┘ │ │ │

r ├────────┘ Lo ─────────┘ │ │

Lb ────────┘ Ll ────────┐ │ │

Lh ────────┐ z ├─────────┐ ff ├────────┘

Lg ────────┐ v ├────────┘ │ │

s ├────────┘ cc ├─────────┐ │

La ────────┘ Lk ────────┐ │ │ │

Li ────────┐ aa ├─────────┘ ee ├────────┘

w ├────────┘ │

Lj ────────┘ Lp ─────────┘

Lff ────────┐

│

Ldd ───────┐ ii ├────

│ │ 4th

hh ├────────┘

│

Lee ───────┘

105

Bracket 17.3 19 teams, two or four teams advance

Note the placement of the 18th and 19th seeds.

1 ────────┐

16 ───────┐ d ├────────┐

a ├────────┘ │

17 ───────┘ l ├─────────┐

8 ────────┐ │ │

e ├────────┘ │

9 ────────┘ p │

5 ───────┐ ├------------------────────┐

f ├---------────────┐ │ │

12 ───────┘ │ │ │

m ├─────────┘ │

13 ───────┐ │ │

g ├---------────────┘ │

4 ───────┘ r │

3 ────────┐ ├─────────

14 ───────┐ h ├────────┐ │ 1

st

place

b ├────────┘ │ │

18 ───────┘ n ├─────────┐ │

11 ───────┐ │ │ │

i ├---------────────┘ │ │

6 ───────┘ q │ │

7 ────────┐ ├------------------────────┘

j ├────────┐ │

10 ────────┘ │ │

15 ───────┐ o ├─────────┘

c ├────────┐ │

19 ───────┘ k ├────────┘

2 ────────┘

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lo ────────┐ Lr ────────┐

Ld ────────┐ z ├─────────┐ │

v ├────────┘ │ │

Le ────────┘ dd ├─────────┐ │ 2nd

Lf ────────┐ Ln ────────┐ │ │ ii ├────

s ├────────┐ aa ├─────────┘ ff ├────────┐ │ 3

rd

Lb ────────┘ │ │ │ │ │

Lg ────────┐ w ├────────┘ │ │ │

t ├────────┘ Lp ─────────┘ │ │

La ────────┘ Lm ────────┐ hh ├────────┘

Lh ────────┐ bb ├─────────┐ │

Li ────────┐ x ├────────┘ │ │

u ├────────┘ ee ├─────────┐ │

Lc ────────┘ Ll ────────┐ │ │ │

Lj ────────┐ cc ├─────────┘ gg ├────────┘

y ├────────┘ │

Lk ────────┘ Lq ─────────┘

Lhh ────────┐

│

Lff ───────┐ kk ├────

│ │ 4th

jj ├────────┘

│

Lgg ───────┘

106

Bracket 17.4 20 teams, two or four teams advance

1 ────────┐

16 ───────┐ e ├────────┐

a ├────────┘ │

17 ───────┘ m ├─────────┐

8 ───────┐ │ │

f ├---------────────┘ │

9 ───────┘ q │

5 ───────┐ ├------------------────────┐

g ├---------────────┐ │ │

12 ───────┘ │ │ │

13 ───────┐ n ├─────────┘ │

b ├────────┐ │ │

20 ───────┘ h ├────────┘ │

4 ────────┘ s │

3 ────────┐ ├─────────

14 ───────┐ i ├────────┐ │ 1

st

place

c ├────────┘ │ │

19 ───────┘ o ├─────────┐ │

11 ───────┐ │ │ │

j ├---------────────┘ │ │

6 ───────┘ r │ │

7 ───────┐ ├------------------────────┘

k ├---------────────┐ │

10 ───────┘ │ │

15 ───────┐ p ├─────────┘

d ├────────┐ │

18 ───────┘ l ├────────┘

2 ────────┘

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lp ────────┐ Ls ────────┐

Le ────────┐ bb ├─────────┐ │

Lf ────────┐ x ├────────┘ │ │

t ├────────┘ ff ├─────────┐ │ 2nd

Lb ────────┘ Lo ────────┐ │ │ kk ├────

Lh ────────┐ cc ├─────────┘ hh ├────────┐ │ 3rd

Lg ────────┐ y ├────────┘ │ │ │

u ├────────┘ Lq ─────────┘ │ │

La ────────┘ Ln ────────┐ │ │

Li ────────┐ dd ├─────────┐ jj ├────────┘

Lj ────────┐ z ├────────┘ │ │

v ├────────┘ gg ├─────────┐ │

Ld ────────┘ Lm ────────┐ │ │ │

Ll ────────┐ ee ├─────────┘ ii ├────────┘

Lk ────────┐ aa ├────────┘ │

w ├────────┘ Lr ─────────┘

Lc ────────┘

Ljj ────────┐

│

Lhh ───────┐ mm ├────

│ │ 4th

ll ├────────┘

│

Lii ───────┘

107

Bracket 17.5 17-24 team elimination – 3 teams advancing

Rd. 1 Rd. 2 Rd. 3 Rd. 4

A1 ─────────┐

a ├──────────┐

D1 ─────────┘ │ 1st

c ├──────────

C1 ─────────┐ │ loser 2nd

b ├──────────┘

B1 ─────────┘

D2 ────────┐ Lb ────────┐

d ├────────────┐ │

C3 ────────┘ │ j ├──────────┐

h │ │ │

A2 ────────┐ ├──────────┘ │

e ├────────────┘ │

B3 ────────┘ │

l ├─────────

C2 ────────┐ │ 3rd

f ├────────────┐ │

D3 ────────┘ ├──────────┐ │

i │ │ │

B2 ────────┐ │ k ├──────────┘

g ├────────────┘ │

A3 ────────┘ La ─────────┘

Note the comment on swapping opponents in parallel games on page 4.

Format Manual Version 4.3 _7.1.08__updated 8.25.10_ UPA Tournament 7.1.08 Updated 8.25.10

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