XOS_Fact_Sheet_Aug72 XOS Fact Sheet Aug72

XOS_Fact_Sheet_Aug72 XOS_Fact_Sheet_Aug72

User Manual: XOS_Fact_Sheet_Aug72

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XOS FACT SHEET

August 10, 1972

XOS Development Section

be~n optimized for direct replacemen~ of IBM DOS installations. Using the
harllwore arch; tccture of Sinma/~the system has been implemented ~'" m~nimiz;e system overhead
thusenobJing high performance real-time and Timesharing support to beimplemented~withi~' .the
!some structure •. The resulting multi-use operating syst~rri is' unique in the industrt. The malor
design features which have r~ceived special attenti~n ~re:
",
.
ThQ XOS dcsi'cn has

.- Fil~ data management system superior to DOS and competitive to
• IBM compatible data organization

as

•. Data catalogin~ on the volume with the data

~ Ability to specify Block size as a datasetattrib~te .

• Gen~'ration data group support·
.
• Data access. control for security and integrity
.....
.
. . . :':. User control of access methods, blockin9ibuffering and error handling
. through JCL or program control
- Ease of use and conversion .
,'
'.. !
- ,. IBM c017l?atible file formats
.·1usiste·d access'"methods
". Simple yet flexible JCl
• JCl cataloging' capability
:.:,.
: I
" - ec;mmunications Network Support.
• TAM device ind~pendence
:'
• Multi-drop message. mode .
• Point to point character mode'
..:
- Performance
'.
I
• Mult.i-buffered I/O .
. ' . _.'
• Frequency of use non-resident monitor handler" ..
..".......
::'.'.' .
, • Vb scheduling by either priority or minimum disk arm movement'.
• Resdurce management within the iob schec:luler procesS selects iob ~inixes
for multiprogramming throughput
" . . <:'"
'-.
.., ..:.:0.;.
,. Real-Time c;lesign which supplies lessthciri'3'miJliseconds'responseto the,
typ"
ical intetrupt . . '. . '.:
--',
. . ' ,I
.... ...... :
.
'.
~ The iob and task scheduling system takes advantage of Sigma unique
. . interrupt structure to provide a truly event driven operating system
. :..
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.- Fu~1 memory' map support
'. '~<':'.,:.;
.. ~::'.<" " .. I : ·
~
Minimum system size 32K
.... " ..
,1 . .
. , ..
~ ~elia~ility f maintenance' " .
. . (." .
• COm;>lete tecnnical, fu'"nctionol and desig'n level documen.ta'tion·
~ .:' ,
.' • Debug facilities
"1
•
' "~", ~.
'..!D rotches do not hove to be'loodedat each~yst~m boot .
~ , .;. - .Timesharing compatibility with B a t c h ' , . ' ,,' ,.~ . ~.Real.-Time support
'..
. .... >~:'.,.:..'
. ,
.. -: ..... ..
- Fast (30 min.) on--line S Y S G E N . . . .
' ..
~ Future.development .
. ,.
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'f

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s~"te~is ~eroting' in~" production installations in Fro~ce~nd 2 loc~tion: in the States.· It is
consi.d~red to t:e a highly reliable and usable system. Recent visits 'by'c prospect (Lummus) to the

, "the

XOS O.ccounts In Europe rewl ted in a very favorably' impressed prospect.
.
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4'

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Job Classes

".

The system provides eight separate iob classes, .aJ I of wh~ch ~e~ be r~n ~i~ul taneously .i.f .
odequote resources· .ore available. The schedull~g and d,sp~tchlng prlorl.fle.s .are. estabt.ls~ed
at will'during system generetion. However, the normal assignment of prloratles Is.. as defined
in the sequence below.
lheclosses are: .
Foreground (Class f)

Any ~umber of for~ground iobs may be run si mul taneously.
These are typically. ·operator initiated real-time tasks. .
.

.."

'"

I

Any number of i~bs mey· ~e run simulta~eously. These,·
.. are typically operator"initiated uti.li~ iobs •·

Parallel (Crass P)

(Classes A, B, C, D, E and T) in which iobs are typically
user production or test i obs •
..'

Production.

.

Super Jobs

I

..... ,.-1

A feat~re of XOS is the ability of the user to chain several related iobs' of one productio~ clas~ i. ,... ~~::.:~:,~
(other than T) into a superiob. The series of iobsconstituting asuperjobare executed sequentially.
lEach is executed only upon the proper completion of the preceedingiob. If anyio b of a superiob .•..
aborts, all remaining member iobs are ignored. Superiobs may communicate ~itheach other. '.'
:via the iob switchboard.
.
'. . ...
.

•

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,",,.,'

Monitor Residence
. ~~

. ".:'

the monitor is organized in

two ports (with respect to memory residence); 'a small resident monitor <,.
that remains n memory at all times, and Q nonresid.ent portion tha~ resides on secondary storage and
is brought into memory as needed.
.. _ _
4

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l .:. :....

. The XOS monitor is divided into resident and nonresident portions. Relatively few

~f

.'

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the ~nitor services are required frequently enough to justify being made resident; the majority· .
ore mode nonresident, thus sa~ing space for addi tionaluser tesks~ .
. . i. ....... . .. ,. .
. .
.
. .. '
.. I·' .....
The nonresident roonitor isphysically dividedi~to a numberof elements t~at arei~~Jp~nd'ently
loaded into memory as required .. , When one of theseelements1that wes loaded into memory
is no longer in use, it remains' in memory, but is marked "disengaged". The resident monitor
maintains statistics on the freqt.:ency of use of these IIdisengaged" elements, and when additional
~rrory is required, the least frequently used element{s} are overlaid by the program or element
that requires space. Using this technique, the system is able to make the most efficient use of
·unused" memory and significantly reduce the number of requests for loeding nonresident monitor
elements.
__ ~ _'. :.:::.: ... .: _ -:- ..:...
.
.
System Device Residency

-

.

,,:".

--.-.-

'.

, ! - - •.- -

-

! .

.. - _ . - : : .

-

-:- ... - -

.... i

"

Job Scheduling
o

,

. Ylllen the scheduler is called, it always begins by examining the queue of waiting pa.rall~1
'iohs • All perallel and foreground iobs will be scheduled before any .of t.he other cla~es
orc examined. The first iob in each of the remaining class queues WI 1'1 ,be .scheduled If:
(1) the resource profile associated with the iob can be satisfied from the. ,list 01 ~ystem resources
currently availcble for .reassignment, ond(2) no job from that class is cur,rently actiye. '
The scheduler continues examining ,the first iob in each queue until ite~counters a io b wh:'~e'
, resource rcqui~cments cannot be satisfied or until it runs out of io~s to examine. When t~is '
occun the scheduler ceases to search the queues and dismisses itself to the idle state.' The ,o~ly
case in which the scheduler will scan beyond the' first iob in the queue', f.or which resources ,
were not o'lailobie, is if. the iob is in' the Production closs T. I~ this case the scheduler .will
examine the rest of the T closs and, if a iob is found which can be executed, it will be scheduled.
This search of tr.e T Production closs is mode in the order of the oiob prioritY given by the user
on his JOB card. "MultipleT jobs may 'run 'si-multo'neously.
0

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Job Step Scheduling

Within iobs, iob-steps are scheduled se~ially for execution based o~ available resources. If
resources are uoavai labl~ ~ iob-step is placed in a -hold state unti I the resources ani~,Jreed ",
by other tasks. Job steps con be conditionally executed under JCL or prog,ram control.
Resource Allocation

,

,- I.
- .~. "'

....

.',
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,;.~.

~.

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I

Users may optimize the sched~ling of their iob':"step~ and resour:ces ~by mea~~ ~f the lIMIT,': ,"
.. SllMIT and ,RESOURCE control commands.: These commar:'dsall.oW:'sc~edulin9'of iobsprior '
to the availobil i ty of tot~1 iobrequire~ents. i
,i: :. "~. >, ~'," ',:,'
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Task Management,

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Execution or dispatching priorities of iobs are controlled by' utilizing the hardware external
interrupts of the Sigma computer, thus reducing overhead~ Job classes are assigned at .sYSGEN.:
time to hardware interrupt levels. To change tasks oriobs requires triggering of 'the" . ' '~, ..'~':,
hardware inter'rupt. ,Multiple iob classes can be essig,ned to oneo,int~rrupt'level and; if
"
. desired, a time-slicing opticnmay be used to share the CP,U resources with the tasks at tha~ 'ievel.
0

.

Symbionts

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XOs maintains symbionts~ that osychrono~s!y buff~r I/O
card punch, I ine printer and remote bat~h !erminel.

~

oper~ti~ns on disk '

0 / , _"

',~

for the

0 _

•••

Accounting

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~~~d re~~er'

.' '. ' . . .

.....

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XOS maintain$,r via iob and iob step manageme~t,. statistics ~bout system arid ~ser progra'rri~':' ....
~?r.mance for purposes of system performance evaluation and scheduHng to'improve ._-:,<~, "
!tlgn,flc~ntly, an. i~stc~lation's throughput. Statistics gathered are:
"
'."
", ...

----.

Volume Accounting
- Disk ACcounting - -".

,

,_Job and iobs,iep Acco~ntln9

'

, 'MULTI-BATCH.

The ,items which may exclusively be used by the batch user are:

.

"- 'The procedures
M:S'TIMER
c;nd
tJ.:lINK
.
.
.
.
" ""

- Private and occount,volumes

'.

.-

Direc~~ddressi~~ of peripheral dey ices via an os~ign or reserve

,.
#l.aximum; User Program' Size

Virtual
~

Real

= 128K ",

=

I07K on a 128K system as specified in ,the Statistics Section under the'
, Mini-Batch con.figuration

TIMESHARING SUBSYSTEM

'The' Timcshari~ Subsystem i~ an optional

component of
~hich permits an installation
to provid,e concurrent batch processing and Times~aring'. XOS Timesharing allows the user
to perform Timeshoi'in~ Subsystem Commands, to execute conversational processors from his
,terminal such as the Text Editor and Debug,and submit iobs to the batch processing stream.

'1he interrupt leve'l at which-the

xes

Timesh~ring

Subsystem executes and the Subsystem characteristics ..
and COr.1:t1unications network are defined at system generation time~ The' commonsystein
.
. resources to be allocated to Thnesharing -such as memory and disk space - are defined when
the TiJnl.:s~rin9 subs~t\em is in'itioted. These res~urces may be dynamically modified, however, .
, by the' centrol operator. at anytime.

The Timesh~ring Subsystem controls the management of all, terminals usingthe:-TAM Access
"'Methodin·"charcic.er:-,mode.,.-"Teletype~like.,Qnd 2741-:1 i.ke .fermi nals are sl:'.pported •

•
The Timesharing' Subsystem associates a task with each user and time-slices these tasks. When.
a task completes its time $Iice or is waiting 'for an event (such as terminal 1/0 completion), it
I1'lOY. be ~wOppcd from meroory to a prede~ined file on a secondary storage device. This permits.
a number of tasks to be ~naged at the same time~ When· a Timesharing task is swapped into . _
memory, it is pl'oced on the activity chain corresponding to a priority defined at system generation.
~ach Timesharing user task can take advantage of all batch processing ;and file management
; .'.
facilities using the Timesharing Commands and the TSAM 'access method to the standard TimeshCring
,processors - EDIT, .Timesharing DEBUG, SLINK,BASIC and FLAG. ,T~e'user may)ssue three' .
'types of commands to. the Timesharing Subsystem from his terminal:

, - Primary Commands
-Batch Commands
- S'~coridary Commands
PRIMARY COMMANDS

. These co m~ndS .~i

t the.!i meshari ~9 - Exe~u ti ve to pe~form certain fu nc ti ons di rectly • Pri mary
Commands are ~raefly descnbed bel~w.
, . . .' ,..... .,:':.-.. '.

rec

:, :: --,-.1"'-

'

!

'Jniti~te a Ti ~eshcring session for the user. The use~ . ' ,

'LOGIN

..

must specify

0

valid account number and narrie, aDd: a

.'

, passWord, (if:his name' and account are. f:'as~word protected).
I

'....
.. .
'

,

a.OCK

.- .

-

Is

used to cancel CJ request to login to the Timesharing
Subsystem and causes an automatic disconnect.
.Prints the current time of day

~n the, user's t~~minal, ..

PRIMARY COt_~MANDS' (Continued)
CHARGE

, qutputs the user's accounting log for his' session'
on his terminal.

·COMNlENT

Permits- the user to insert comments on his terminal which
'are' not analyzed by the system.

TAB

Causes tab posltions to' be' established for termi~alinpu.t

STOP

Permits the user to stop his currently executi~g program

RESTART

Restarts apr()gram which the user interrupted by keying in an
Attention 1
'

WAIT

Permits the user to stop his session temporarily' without performing'
a disconnect
'
'
...;. .

~

..:.

~

-

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:-"

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..... ' .

SAVE

Causes the files specified to be saved fo~ the user.

LOGOUT

Closes a Timesharing session and causestheaccount~n'g·log
for the session to be output on the user's terminal and saved
in the system accounting log.
: "" '

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'.' :... .,.

._

SATCH COMMANDS

These commands permit the Ti'mesharing u~er to create iobs ,for batch pr~cessing a~d execute these
,
iobs in the batch processing stream. 'The Timesharing user can directly access any removable volume "
or private account vO,fume using these commands:. Batch pr~cessing comman~s are summarized below:

CATAl

, EXECUTE

Causes a group ~f control cards defining a s~condary command
, to be cataloged. The Timesharing user specifies the name
under which his control card set is. to be cataJoged. ,He may;
, also delete or replace previously cataloged files", ,or he may, , '
request th~t his group of control cards simply ~e a'nalyzed for '
errors. The secondary command created byCATAL is available
to all users under the same account number.
Permits the user' to execute a ioa step ofa cat~log~d cO~ITl(Jnd
in batch processing. Upon completion of the iob step, the _.
listing
log willI
be output to the user's
terminal.
", ",
'.
,

, BATCH COMMANDS (Continued) ,
Allows the user to inpu't a compl~te i~b 'for batch processing
from his terminal. The user may specify the job- class (and
pri~rit1 if the T-class, is 'used), job iden.tificatiorf and .w~ere
the' iob resul ts are to be outp~t.· He. may also spe~ify th~t,. '
his output is to be placed in.o permanent file.' 'Each user.
may be executing many BATCH commands simultaneously,
- the number is defined atsy~tem genera~ion.

BATCH·

Obtains the status of a job sub.mitted to batch processing fr~m
the user's t e r m i n a l . '
'
.
.

STATUS

'

SECONDARY COMN\ANDS
I

"

...

. -

These commands area group of commands written in the XOS batch. ~ont.rol language and
cataloged either from the user's terminal or in a batch stream., They are, therefore, d~finable ..
and extendible by the user. Secondary commands may be cataloged under a ·user'so.ccount, : .' .
in which case only authorized users of that account' may access the. comni?nd•. Or,they may
be
cataloged under account:SYS in
which case they may be
used, but!notmodified
by_ oll.users._
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The Timesharing processors are created in this manner. , . '.
.....~.
."':" -, .:
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The no~ of a secondary command is the name under which the grqup of com~nds has be'~:n cataloged. A secondary command is 'initiated 'by the' Timesharing us~r 'by giving lts name and',
:if necessary, a list which specifies parameter values. When a',secondary command is-issued, the
:Timesharing Subsystem first searches for such a partition in the file .ass~ciated with'theuser's' ,:"
occount. If it finds it, it i~itiates the execution of the corre~ponding iob; otherwise, the sy~tem
file is searched.
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Any standard batch processor may be run directly from the user's terminal by cataloging" the.
,proce1SOr as a ~condary command, with the input anc;loutput op'eraiional ~abelsas'si9ned toJN. '
and OUT respectively. However, the procedures ,~:LINK and M:STIMER·are ignor~d~ :. .. "
The secondary commands permit the user to cre':1te his own co'mmandsand"execute them. i~med.i~teh~.
He may olso use secondary command sets to c.reate ne~ commands at ~~n. ~'
.'.~,:-<. '"
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.,PROCESSORS

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Oebu~, th~'lin'k Edit~'r (SLIN~),
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Tjhe interactive Timesharin; processors-include the' Text Edito'r,
,BASlC and fLAG. Two of these are described bel~w:
' ,- .

-.

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The standard batch processors can also be
#

execu~ed

in the'
..

,

TimeshJringpartit·i~n.
~

' .

6

...

_

:

•

TEXT EDITOR
The ,Text Editor isoneof the i~terQ~tiv~ xes Timesharing proc~ssors.lt is activated fro~ the'
user's terminal via :the command EDIT. The Text Editor allows the' user to create and modIfy
'disk residen! sour~e f~les f~r use by other processors or pr~grams. The user has the ability to:

a

, - Crea't~ sequenced source file '
'.
_ Copy a specified file or part of a file :
. .... .'
., .
-Create a new sequ~nced file from an'old file <;l'r part of an old

,

fil~

.

list it~.
characteristics
. - Locate a file and'

- Delete a fi Ie '
-.Insert or delete a record or-sequence of-'records~in-an-exi~tirg

file

.

.

. _ Replace a record or sequence of records in an existing file with a
. '
new set of records
- Perform intra-record character string substitution and manipulation
- Li.st a file without line numbers or list only' the file line sequence
numbers
'
- List a sequenced file'
..
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The Text Editor uses the TSAM1 ASAM and AIAM access methods. The files it creates"and
n:cnipulates are:

..

,.
.":

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- Fixed consecutive, 80 byte record fil6$.,.,.
i •
;
, -Variable consecutive file with records less than"14l'bytes
-,Indexed sequential files with records less than 145 ,bytes (bytes
1:3 are used for the key)
. '.
"~;.'
,- ,
DEBUG,' '.'

.'

.'.,....

".

·1'· .

' ','

'l"

The Timest:aring De'bug pr~cessor is one of the xes interactive Timesharing processors which may
be used in coniolJction wifh Meta-Symbol created programs and the Timesharing Link Editor. '
Jt is ~~si9ned t9 aid the us~r in program check-out. The user .~cs the ability to:
I
.

.'

- List andmoqify the contents of memory.. locations y.,Hhin
his program.,
'.,
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•
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",

- Insert instructions or data

i~

his

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progra~"

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'

- Reinifialize,'restart ,or halt progra~ execution
I

:...

Insert and suppress program checkpoi~ts

. ." Exe:ute his program in single-step OlOde controlled
.ternunal.
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fro~ his'
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, TSAM
The Timesharing- Access M.ethod -' TSAM- is the access, method used by programs operating in'
Timesharing mode: to perform terminal input/output. TS,AM is designed to permit compatibility .
, of programs between' Timesharing and Batch. Its operation is identical to ASAM, however, the
logiCQlla~ls mu~t be I.N "and OUT which designate respectively the' terminal keyboard and printer.
•

,'.

j

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On input, the user'~ program receives' the texi of the message with~orr'ec;tions effected a~d·
without the end-of-message character. If fixed format 'is declared, each record is compl eted
with blanks.

On output, TSAM performs any tabulations or formatting specified in thedatc::z control block.
It tokes into consideration ,the physical number of characters per line in order to seperate, if
necessary, the message into several lines. TSAM terminates output by positioning the carriage
at the beginning of the next line.
'
'
,
TSAM outputs the prefix or prompt character specified by the user without intervention' of. the
,user task.

'
,

The I/O procedures M:OPEN, M:CLOSE, M:SETDCB, M:MOVEi:iCB, M:GET, M:PUT ~~d ','
M:DEVICE are available to the user and operate as in ASAMwith 'the additional features cited
i below:
", ,-,,:, , I
-. ,

M:DCB

M:DEVICE

Permits the user to specify a prompt', ,:characterwhich will be output by , ,
TSAM each ti me the user task is ready
to accept input (PFX). Also, the .user>
may specify that he wishes to perform'his own output formatting (ULC)."
, Allows the user to suppress
on ~nput
'
.'

cha~acter echo "
.1

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«

REAL-TIME

.

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The system makes available foreground User tasks (FUT) for user implementa~ion .
of real ·time routines. I n BOO, FUT's wilt operate ot a primary interrup'! level,·
equal tothct of • p.1 -closs iobs.lnodditionl FUT's mayA TTACH ·themselv·es. to .
any nu,."bcr ofRccl~Time intcrrupt.lev~lsi these Real-Time routines (ATTACH'ed ...i
'.
to external interrupt levels of higher priority than the XOS TaskMenagement levels}' ..
will be g~vcn control of the CPU (in mestermode) upon the oc~urrel1'ce of their' .' I · . ·
respective interrupt level (after the monitor insures thet the rtJ.ap is I~aded to reflect the virtual image of the ATTACHing FUT and after exchanging the ac.co~~ting
cbck so·os to charge SST for the upcoming CPU time).
..

-.

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Please note the ~bove terminology: ~ are Opergtor -:- irii.tiated tgsks·Vfhich .
.. op.eratc.,ot "the Jask . Manogement interrupt level of 'P' -classiobs; .Real-Time routines
are "sub-routines" within a FUT lood module which are· ATTACH 'ed to Reel-Time'
'. (external) interrupt levels and which operate in ~a~!.~~ mode as IIpseud~ B?T's"
..
(BASIC SYSTEM TASKS). A Real-Time routine may be cctiv'ated by another Fur
(ie., a differe·nt'operator-initiated FUT) via the M:1RIGGER C·All.· This.allows ' ..
multiple FUT~sto communicate with each other. Inform~tion may be passed between'
the Fur's via~ common data..J.lr.~-9 (mopped 1:1· in·the LOWCORE modul~) defined'at .
SYSGEN by SYSPKOI (FRGD keyword of MONITPROC). This·dataarea will.,> ..
immediately follow the XPSD instructionsgener(]ted to ,handle the Reel-Time and· '.~~,'.
Task Management interrupts. Since then,umber.~f interrupts used in a syste~will ':':."\':~: :.-,',
seldom change, the address of this common data area w.ill not change from. SYSGEN " . :~i
to SYSGEN. ;, "
":
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Real-TIme routines may not issUe CAL11~. Theycommuni.catewith their, ATTACHing
FUl's via the M:CLEAR PROC (this generates a Branch inst~uctiort rather-than a CALl ).'
The ATTACHing FUT may synchronize its operation' with that of its Real-Time routin~s'

by issuing tV\-:WAIT CAL l' s referencing the appropriate ECB (ari ECB is'defined for'·
.'
each M:ATTACH issued). Multiple FUT'swill operate at the same primary interrupt·.·· ,
~I (ie., that defined at SYSGEN for 'PI-closs iobs). Unless ·'tirneslicing' is specified.·
for this interrupt level (at SYSGEN), FUT's will shore the CPU with other FUT' s.~an·d ..:
'P'-class iobs on a "~ound-robinu demand basis •. If 'timeslici'ng" is speci fi~d, FUT's· will "
be timesliced ("round-robin-with-interrupt") among other FUTl s and. I'P'-cl~ss iobs•. · .: i

. '
~ the above mentioned ATTACHing:
capabilitie~,
'FUT' s ma)t·do th~ fullo·wing:·
...
".
..
.

In addition

..

I. Change from Slave to Moster mode and vi ce-versci CALl's mqy.only .: ..... ,
be issued when in Slave mode.

......

.

,.~
-,'.

.

.., .

'

:l. Obtain cnritrol in the case of an abort conditi;n (~xpansi;n ofM:tRAP Cf-i..{>.
.
.
. ..
. ..
.....
.

3. Su.spend itself for, a period of (real elapsed) tim.e;M,~LQ~~ used
With M:WAIT.

. .

.

.... , .

._~.:::

'

in c.:o~iuncttion

',- ":' .. ~

"

Real~Timeroutine

4.

AITACH a

s.

'Execute the lRA

inst~ction

C~~e

'

,

(when in Moster

,

6.

in~er~'pt {COUNTER1=ZER

to a real,-time clock

mod~).'

"

the I/O Supervisor to execute (via'M:EXCP) a' channel program built by
'

-, the FUT; this. allows support 0 f non-standard peripherals.
"

7•. '

.

A TIACH a- Real':"Time ~uti ne to the' occurrence, of the chapnel-end interrupt
associated with the channel program exe'cuted via M:EXCP (see 6 above).

,ALSO: If R- T t'a"sks do ~t need to he core,-resident, , they may be coded as a portion, '
.. -of the NRM 'cndits core allocation loading capabilities will he available to load
these routines when requi red.'

'

,.
" Privileged Procedu~es '

,.
"

I

-

iM:SLAVE

, Cha~ges the stptus of the executing foreground program to master mode.
This procedure inus~ be executed prior to using any of the Sigma 6/7/9,
privileged instructions. No CALl instructions; that is,' M:procedure:
reference, may be attempted while in master mode except for the' '
'1:SlAVE ar:'d M:CLEAR procedures.
,,'
,

,I

.. !

Retums,the status of the executing foreground program to slave mode.'
,' .

,

'.

,In slave mode, any CALl procedures maybe used.
-'M:ATTA~H

. Associates a specific interrupt with the user'~ interrupt processing
routine. Execution of the procedure csuses the interrupt location t~ be", ,
initialized and the interrupt to be armed and enabled., ,M:ATTACH may:·:
be used ,to "ott~ch" three ty~s of interrupts ,to, the user's routine,:
' :
, -.External, in ~hich the user specifi~s the interrupt group o~d level.,', '
", ~ ~ou~ter 1 zero, i'n which the user moy sp~cify reguiarinterruptions
" - to be proc~ssed by his routine.
'"
."
'
,

-I/o

,

",

-

,

I

interrupt associated with M:EXCP'processing, in which the,
user m"ay speci fy his own processing routine fo~ interrupts from an
I/o device accessed by the I:v\:EXCP procedure.
.

~:DE.1ACH

°M:CLOCK'"
.
. . ,

,

"

!'

I '

,

, Co~ses the specified interrupt or interrupts to be disanned ooddisobled
,and the memory location for the interrupt (s) to ~e reset to ~ero.

. P~rri,its

execution of a user routine at reguIar int~IVals controll'ed by'· ',','
- thecou~ter, 1 ond counter 1 zero interrupts. The user spec; fies a , '
, ,clocki~ inferval relative to the counter 1 zero interrupt frequency. "
Each time this interval elapses, on ever:tt is posted in the event control
'" block (ECB)"ond the user's.routine is entered. A count of the total
~~be~'of elapsed in~ervals is kept in the ~CB a,nd may ,be acc~ssed by

4.

A ITACH

0

Reol·-Time routine to a real-time clockir-~~rrupt (Co.UNTER l=ZERO)·

s.

. Execute the lRA instru~tion(wh~n in Master mode)•..

6.

, Cause the I/O Supe~iso~· to execute (via M:EXCP)"~· channel. program built by .
the FUTi this.ollows supP'!rt ~f non-standard peripherals.
..:
.. 1. .

7.

ATTACH o· Real-TIme ~utine to the occurrence of the channel-end interrupt
Ossociat.ed with the channe.l program executed viaM:EXCP (see 6 above).

i

AlSO: If R- tosks do not need to be core-resident, they may be coded. as a portion
of the NRM and it~ core allocation loading capabilities will be available to load .
these routines when required.
Privileged Procedures
.. Changes the st~tus of the executing foreground program to master mode•..
This procedure must be executed prior to using any of the Sigma 6/7/9 .
privileged instructions. No .CALl instructio~s, that is, M:procedure
reference, may be attempted while in master mode except for the
M:SLAVEand M:CLEAR procedures.
'.
:

M:MASTER

,.1 .

M:SLAVE

Retums the status of the executing foreg~ound program .to slave m~de.
In slave mode, any CALl procedures may be used.

M:ATTACH

Associates a specific interrupt with the user's interrupt processing
routine. Execution of the procedure csuses the interrupt location to be , .
initialized and the interrupt to be ar~ed and enabled.M·:A TTACH may.,>
be used to lIattac~1I three types of interrupts. to t~e user's routin~: '
.'
- External, in which the. user specifies theinte~rupt group and level."
- Counter 1 zero, in,which the user may specify regular interruptions'.:
to be processed by his routine.
\~
J

,

-,':,,'

interrupt associated ~ith M:EXCP pr~~~ssing, in which the
user may specify his own processing routin'e for interrupts from an
I/o device accessed by the M:EXCP procedure.
. .. . ' : '

-I/o

M:DETACH

Causes the specified interrupt or interrupts to be disarmed CI1d disabled
and the memory location for the interrupt {s)to be. reset to zero.
.

M:CLOCK

Permits execution of a user routine at regular intervals controlled by
the counter 1 and counter 1 zero interrupts. The user speci fies a
clocking·interval relative to the counter 1 zero interrupt frequency.
Each time this interval elapses, an event is posted in the event control
block (ECB) and the user's routine is entered. A count of the total
number of elapsed intervals is kept in the ECB and may be accessed by

·the user.· ~,u1tipte M:CLOCK. proceduresmoy b~· issued by the
user each specifying a ·differenffrequency •. Multipte procedures
are processed· on a first-in, first-:outbases •.. ·

M:RClOCK

M:ClEAR

M:1RIGGER

M:INITECB

Stops the interruption of th~ user program at regular intervals by
cancelling the corresponding M:CLOCK request. Up to 5 ~:CLOCK
procedures may bE; conceited with qne M:~CLOCKrequ~st~
Returns to the monitor wher~ the interrupt prt;;cessetl by the· u.ser
routin·e is cleared, rearmed and enabled, M:CLEAR is the last procedure
/ executed in the user interrupt processing routine. '.
.
Caus'!s an externalinterruptspeci,fied in 'an M:A TTACH procedure tc? be
triggered. This procedure also allows communi c~tion ~etween two fore:-.
ground tasks with the aid of the M:ATTACH procedYf~. ~
Permits the initialization of on event control block (ECB). lhis.pro~·
cedure is executed each time on ECB is used for posting on event. A
user task may wait for· many events' to ~eposted·to the ECBprior to
. executing on M:INITECB by using the M:WAIT procedure
.

M:EXCP

.. '. i

.

va

'

~i ... •

Permits the user's foreground p~ogram to access
devices direc·tly.: .
The user builds an Input/Output Block (IOBr for the device he IS using;
The M:EXCP procedure requests the Input/Oufput Supervisor to: execute
the Channel program ossa ciated with" the user blJilt io B and optional fYi·
retUm control to the user. The. user may' specify that he wishes.to pro.cesS··
all interrupts from the I/O device.
.,., .. '~,'.~...
, .... .
I

M:1RAP

Includes on option to aid the fo;eg~tJnd user ·in. abort c:O~trol -ABRT. . ... ~.
This option will cause control to be retUl:ned.t,o~he u~~r fi?r a~y "ab?rt
conditions except the following:
'.
;
. . .. ,..~",.".
iob exc:eeded its ~~ecutio~ Hmehmit:~r'outputipages
limit as specified on the! LIMIT command.:·
~:.I :........:.

•

t"

:-

••

nle user's

>.

'.

.••

......

'....:./. . :.1 , .:.~:'~. :'.,

. The operator aborted th e io h.

.

"

- -.~.,

The iob aborted during ~bort.processing: .
.. . Th~. iob executed an ,~:eRR.· .
M:OPENAL

M:lOCK

i..

•

...

. • . • '., ,,'.

i

......

Permits the user executi':lg'in foreground, mode ~·access· the ac~ou'nti~g ..
log •. This file is consecutive.. 80 charact~rs. per record, creo.teid via.
;.
MAM. The reading of the aC'counting log is destructive.· After the" .
exe.cution of an M:OPEN.AL, ·the accounting log is re!nitialized.··.. ' . .
Pennits a resource" or a·number of resour~euni.ts .to· be
Use by ~ us~r task running in foreground mo·de. .
•

!

•

.

t~cked' f6r' ~x:~rusi'~~' .'
•. ....
. . ' .:'

M:FREE

Frees the resource(s) locked' via the M:LOC K· pr6cedure~

M:RCB

Generates;a resource control

'. '.

. ':.

.
". ;~.:: " .-'."... ~:i

',,,

...... .:,

blo~k(R~B).~ Thi·s ~ro·~edure··i~n~n~e~ec~·;~ble.
..
.

.

..

."

·TELEPROCESS1NG
'Telecommunicati~ns Access Method (TAM)

lAM provides' the programmer witha'coHectionof ~ser-Ievel s~rvic.es prOlid~d by· t~e .XOS
, Communicqtions N\anagement System (CMS) for input/output operations over transmlss.lon
lines'.· "Some. of the a,:,tomctic functions provided by TAM are:'"
.

I·

.'- Device Controller handling
. - I/O and external interrupt processing
- Enor detection and retry processing
- Queue ing of I/O requests .
.- Line ti~-out processing
- Line/terminal/component polling and selection
- Automatic data translation, e. g., ANSell to .EBCqIC. Sysgen definable
Itanslation tables of character ~ets
. \
-'Switched and leased lines insi'rnplex, +101f·dupl.ex,or .fullduplex mode
- B.loc~ing of groups of characters received by 7611 during a defined time period

!

I

Communications

I

eMS

.

-

.

Ne~works

.

II

supports o,neor more bi-point and multi-poi~tnetworks definable at system generation and
modifiable by program, control atrun-tirne.' .
. .
. '. .' '. . . . . .
'.
.
.
,

' .

.

.

~

.

I

, . Polling/Selection Seq~ences
I

. ~ TAM provides the userwith the capability o{polling automaHcally (for input) or selecting
. (for
.~utput) (l station and/or. component of a station.
. .. " '.
. .....
..
.
..
': ':., .....:... . :.
'Do to Access
.
~

.

'

..:

'.'"

I

:'

..

" :1 .

TAM'I/O oper~,tions are perf~rmed '0.1 monito,r transmissio~ blocks in buffe~s managed by the
user via the Virtu~l Sequential Access N . e t h o d . .
' ... ' "
.'. "
:., .
.
Groups of tine~; . . . .'.
.

I

;

,

,

.

"

,

. I··.· .

"A.gr~~~ .of Ii~e~'is a ~etortran~mission Jines with identical characteristics li'nked t~,a given
. appllcataon.· These I.nes are managed as a group to reduce overhead •. Multiple groups and
.: multiple applications can be support~d simultaneously.
'.
.. ...' ',,_. ,,

.

. ~':
,~

.

..

"
, ' -

.

i

. I

:. Trarysmission
'Modes . . .' ' .
,
'

~'.'- MesSage" IkJde
I

I',

.i

Foruse wi th buffered termi nals such as

the 7670 Remote Batch Terminal

•

.

.

For use .with terminals I acking aha~dware .
buffer such as the teletype

.....

.. -.....

'

'Rerrote Batch Processing and Telcsymbionts
,

,

Rerrote Batch Processing, is handled via:the telesymbionts. Thetelesymbionts are 'sys~e~ routines
that read programs, data and control messages from and send progr~ms to remote terminals a
such Os' the 7670 RBT.

TA..N. System Procedures.

-'M:DCB

- M:MOVEDCB

Enables user at assembly time to introd~ce
DeB parameters appl icable to TAM

~ny or all

of the,

Allows dynami c creatio~ of a DCB in the co'mmon 'area by
repl ication of an existing DCB.
.
,

,

\

'I

;':"'M:SETDCB

'Allows modification of 'DE'B'parameters,during program execution

-M:OPEN

Establishes the connection between the program DCBand the
network b y '
..'
"
, - verification o(the explicit user defined lists ,and the
lines assigned as resources'
'. '
..... . . '
~

- initialization of the ne'twork; initiali~ation of th:e transmission
" device controllers and the line adap.ters (character mode)
. ":Yerification of the operationQI'stQt~s'ofthe "i~termediate
':' telecommunications equipment,
. ~,::...~:.:,~~:, :;' .:~~,.;', '::, .
• ,>

•

",'-,.,!.

;

:,'

- creation i'n the user program of th~li:s;~lcorhp~~e'nts 'or
L .. '<,"~,-:'
. terminals if a~ implicit list is required
.
- creation of the required communications tables between the
access method and the I/O supervisor>' ,",
",
'."

'

i

..

,

'-~'.

.

,

- M:ClOSE-

'

.

.

1

Closes the DCB and, optionally, the network. , T~e, clos~ may be
either temporary or definite.
,.- " ' ; ,
,

>

•

' : "

"

.

,
,

- M:llST

Requests at assembly time an explicit component or terminal
polling, or selection list. Lists may be linear or circular.

- M:MDFlST

Requests at execution time modification of a component or
terminal list.
'"
,
,
'
.
•

-M:WRITE
,
I
M;READ

I

c

'.

•

....

.. / ' . ' . ' . .

•

I

:.,:'

Requests a transmission of data to or from a terminal, respectively.
A user may also read in survey mode to detect any attention
. cha~acters a terminal may have sent.
'

'- M:CHECK .
- M:DEVICE

Requests a test for succesSful -completion. of.· a specific.
....

. ·,1/0 operation

. Enables th~ users
perrorm a device

BEL·

SUS
ABO···

INO
MOD·

t~· specify
spe~ific

o' transmission code' ch~nge or to

operation such as:

..

I

send an· alarm to a component
suspend transmissiqn from a' component
aborttransrnission from a component'
identify .by ind~x into a list the component
on whic.h the oper~tion is to be perfo'rmed .
re~efine working mode to £BCDIC or binary

USER CONTROL
XOS Control Commend

TheXOS monitor receives 'job de~criptions from control commands. They are a means of
communication between user and system; they describe the seq'uence of the different steps
comprising a. iob. Data may be placed after each s.tep for use. during execution of that step.

.

.

The ~lIection of control· commands and data forms a iob, which is enter'~d into the system by the'
input symbiont. ...bb initiation do~s"not necessarily occur in order of pr.esentation to the input
. symbi~nt. The system schedules iobs and job steps by job class, by user-assigned priorities, '
(T class), ' and by required reSc;>urces, 'as described by" the control commands.
. ,

xos allows th~ cataloging of control commands into' groups called 'command'sets~
,' . '
A set to be cataloged'is syntactically analyzed and is then ',flied on the system disk in a specialized
,

.

'. fi Ie.

•

The set

t

'

.

'

'

.:

~

•

c~n be retrieved .for execution in two different ways:
6-

•

•

.1 •.. I~ertion into a set of commands. This execution is made with the aid of the! EXEC
command. , . The command set to be executed can represent one or several job steps, . or p~rt
of a iob step.
" ,
'

'

,

. 2.' Initiation of a parallel iob from the operat()r control device. The cataloged'~ommandset
must contain ~Il the commands necessary to execute the same 'job in a production class•
•

l

'

••

B~tch "Commands .

.

""

.:. Signi'fies'the start of a iob a~d defines i~b closs, account and user-:-id. It may be
used to catalog 0 set of, control commands.
",'
, .
,,
(J job ;iep. ,Allows explicit ~alls to lo~d modules as' files or
IRUN " Executes a progra'm'
'partitions of 0 file •. Allows (via iob switch word control) selective step execution.
Allows passage of parameters to the called program. ,
. '.',:
'.
Ill1-AIT
.Specifies'~aximu~ system res~urces that may be used bya particular'iob. '.-::"
ISllMIT Specifies maximum core or ,temporary disk space that may be used by a iob step:' !RESOU!CE -Specifi,es.' therriinimum requirements. for shored peripherals required to initiate oiob
.J EXEC, . ,'-Execut.es pre~iously cataloged command sets with facilities for passing parameters and,'
..
.:' conditional execution
'
iASSIGN .. Defines·o physical'medium and' <":lssociat~~ it with a program. d~fi~ed DCB (D~ta C~ntrol
.
'-Slock). ,Basi c assignment types are: .
-',' '
'
lJOB

as

'I

•

•

....

'

-

'.

permanent files o~temporaiY files 'on magn~tic devices ..
,
,Oe,~ice' -fifes on non-magnetic devices - unlabeled, files on magnetic tape volumes.
Indarect-reference to another ASSIGN command and its associated characteristics - '
-Dummy -:-Simulotlon of an input ,or output file
:,'
File

~lab~l~d

,

.

~igns may be FRE - releos~ ~fter iob step tenninatiori - or MTN {maintained - remain
I~.eff~ct over job step u~til freed or job termination.

·.Assign commend optionel parome,ters ~re: '

- STS

Defines sto!,,'s of file -OLD, NEW or' MOD
- LNK
Indicates concatenation of multiple fi les
"
,
- UNT
Defines the volume (tape or disk), account or private account volume on
which a file resides., Sub-option 0 P FOints"t,?volume defined on a previous
assign.
Specifies index into series of volumes.,
,
-SON
- PAR/MNT Allows for PARallel OF MNT (serial) mounting of volumes.
Allows for deferred mounting of volumes.
,
"
-Off
Specifies volume disposition after file DeB closing: RET=remain mounted
- DSP
thru next job step.' KEP=remain mounted thru next iob. Default IS dismount.
" Specifies file size allocation characteristics for new files {disk}. SEParation ,
-SIZ
ollo.ws writin~ of overflow and index blocks (indexed file) on a separate volume.
-NAM
Specifies a 1 to17character file neme. Sub-options allow for specification
of version, absolute and: relative gener~tion numbers.
'
, ,-,GIG
·:,·lnd·i,co·tes·the,volume ... id'·on,whi ch ,a ,fi.l~,r:esides,is to ,be cataloged.
- PRT
specifies file occess protection for readers and writers by account and password"
- RET
' Specifies file retention period. '
'
- OUT
. Specifies output is to printer symbiont associated with the listing logs.
-SlP
'Specifies printed output is to be d,irected to a separate"file". '
Specifies no catch up mode for line printer 'symbiont.
- NKP
Specifies card punch symbiont.
- SCP
- STA
Specifies a rernoteterminal station for printed output.
- DEV, nn
Specifics a closs of device (MT,CR, CP, etc.') , '
- DEV,ADR, nn Specifies a bgical device address.
' ..
- DCB
Introduces a series of optional parameters that, optionally ,define the file
· t·I cs:
" '
, 'Charae t
ens
: ' ",
.. ~: ' .,~' ;~'., ,
,,'
,
'
ORG
File organization (sequential,:' indexedl partiti~ried, direct)
NBF
Number of b u f f e r s " , ' ,:
'
MOD
Binary, BCD, EBCDIC, pock~d,'~np'~ck~d
BHR'
Block header length'
' '
.
Bl K
Block length
',' ... '
MXl
Maximum allowable I/O transf~rlen9th
.. NBC
No block count
'
Ole
Record delete croracte~
.
.FRM
Record form (fixed, ~ariable, undefined)
KYL
Key length
, '.
KYP
Key fX)sition
REl
Record Length'
CNT.
Page count on each page at ~pecify print position,
OTA
Column/print position in which data' is to begin, .'
LIN
Number of I ines per printed' page '
.'
SEQ
Sequence number in columns 73-80
5 PC, "
Number of spaces between printed lines
TAB , Tab character settings
VFC/NVF Vertical format control for printed output
I

1

'I

"

15VlITCH

. :AllovlS rcsettin!) cnd setting' of e~ch ~f the 32 bits in a ·word (job'
...
.
switchWor~j associated with each job. Switch bits may be tested (ana
. set) by programs or by RUN and EXEC commands for conditional execution
Bits 0 and 1 allow for forced step execution and pro.gram abort ~emc;)ly '.
dump respectively.
,.
.

'.

ITITlE

Specifies the printing of a page heading at the begi~~ing 'of each logical
~ge· of printed ,output.
'

IMES'SAGE

Allows the' sending of a message to the ope~ator co~trol device with' a.
WAIT option to temporari I,Y suspend the io~ unti"l operator action.. .

JCO~ENT

Permits insertion of any kind of commentary in the '6?mmand deck.

I Processor' Call

Allows the invocation of programs catalo'ged und~~ the system accou.nt(:SYS).
Parameters may be. passed to the co lied pn?cessor.

"tDATA

"Indicates"that ioh 'con·trol'commandslbinory:,card·sr ..
determine the destiny of job output files. He ~an also rec~ive operctionaLmessoges' from, the '.:
telesymbiont and from the operator at the central station. ~. C;:ommands are introduced oncaros .
in the iob deck inputstr.eam.
. '1
•
•
!

/MESSAGE

,

.'.

•

,

/STATUS

."

• •-

'.

..'

".

Allows the remote operator, to send ,0 mes~age to the ¢entrdl station operato"r.
·

!"

•

"

o

•

!

_ .

'.......

.•

-."

I.

i

/HOLD

/RELEASE
/SWITCH

_.

Designates that all output files for tne
.station until, requested.

/CONTINUE

•

.

'.

.:"

,

•.

'

':. ' . ",

.

. ..., . . .

Directs the system' to output any flies for the sp~cifi~d job.
Redirects the output for the station to a re~ote
central site printer. ' , '
. ...
'.. .

stati~n
",

.'

specified or'to the".
•

• •

".

·1····

.

'. .

.

Trcnsmi~sion ofa

.

.

Annuls the effects of a /SWITCH command. "
.
Indicotes that the sending station will terminate itsco~ne~tion ~h~~' -th~
output for the spe.cified iob has been ~ransmitted to 'the ~e'rl1ot~ ·st~t~ori•.
Permit the remote operator to temporarilyh~lt.
'.
...

.

'

i~bare' to .b·e held at ·the ce"ntral... ..,:

.

/SUSPEND

. . '

.....

',c

/RESTORE
/END

,."'

Requests the status of the specified iob~, The status is output on the remote'
station printer betweenjobs. The status indicat~s whether or not ~he iob ..
. has been received, is ,que~ed or is active. ."", '.

. ....
.
fi Ie ~d i ~ntinue the tr~nsm.iss.ion ~f ;~e sa~ef'ile 1·6t~~.:·· ,
" . '

.

~

..

. SYSTEM SERVICES·

'IJ.emory Monoqcmen,
XOSutil.izc$ the Sigma mcmorY map option; user .jobs are ·execute.d in virtual memory. Most us~rs
need not be concerned with virtual memory and mapping since the mapping function is performed
by XOS in o'way thetis transparent to the user. Only the moster-mode u~er need be concerned'
with the distinction between virtual vs.·-physical memory.
.
j . .

Space Alloccti on Procedures

..

Get limits of dynamic sp~ce by returning the number of contiguous unallocated,
'whole poges bctween the highest, address' of local dynamic and the lowest
, . ' address C?f common dynamic.

,°

Allocate specified number of pages iii local' dynamic.

M:GL

-

..

M:GP

, M:FP
M:GSP

M:FSP.

D~al r~ate specified ~umber of pages inloca'f dynamic.

I'

Allocate block of specified number of words in common dynamic.

,,'

I

':.

Deallocate previously requested bf~ck of words' in common dynamic.

-

"

Dynami~ Overlay and Progre~ loading
M:~EGlD

load a ~peci fled program overlay segment into memory as well as all thos-e
segments not already loaded which lie on the path of the tree between,
the colling segments and t~e speCified segments •. ' .

•I
1 .,

Dynamically request the loading into memory-of, o'nd transfer of contr~f
to another' program without preserving the calling program. Memory
°
space and Jocaldynamic of the calling program is freed;'common '
~Yn~mi,: ren:tains t)nchanged.
'- -.:'

M:LDTRC
~

:'

..

.'

I,

.M:U,N~ ':, ,

'

;-

DYnamically lOad and transf~r contr'ol to:~~other program ~hile' prese~~in~
... .the colling program and its local dynamic area on a temporary disk file
for '0 later return. .
-,
". ' ,'. ,'. . LI
•

'

0"

-,.

..

. Program ~naqement . ~'
)
. '.
. .
.... ,
, " : 'I,
~rRAJ~.:· .~: Enables the executing program'to be allowed to handle certain CPU . detected abnOrmal conditions
.
I

o.

PS

'. Stock ,overflow.
Unimplemented instructj on
Nonexistent instruction, '
·NIv\A ·Nonexistent memory address
PSM , Privileged instruction in slave mode
·MPV . Memory ,protection violation, .,-.
FP
. Floating-point faul t
OEC , Decimal arithmetic fault
FX.
Fixed:-point arithmetic fault
CL2' CA12 instructi on
Cl3
~Al3instruction .
CL4
'CAl4 instr:uction
.NAO Non-dllowe~ operation
All
All of thecbove

UI
. Nt

.

.

..

~"

:'With other~tions c~rtain combinations of faults maybe ignored~
M:RETURN -Allows retur~ from a use~routine which'maybe his main program orfrom his.
"obnormcil" routine, trap,timer, or operator interrupt routine.

,M:WAIT

.- Permits ~he· user to place his program' in a wait state unti I orie ,or :more ~f up to
255. events occur. . ' • .
.'
' , .. ,

M:WAITL-, Pcrmi'ts the user to wait on ~ompletionof a specified number of events,; of o'
total number of events outstandi ng.
M:ERR

I

I

-

Allo'ws user to request abnormal iob-step termination; i.e., execution' of M:ERR
. causes the program to be aborted with a specified code printed on the iob
control file.

tnter-JOb and ]6b~StepCommuriicafion
M:SSS

-

Allows program to set (to 1) one or more of bits.2 throu~h 31 of the JSW
"

(~ Switch Word).

I

Alio~ program to reset (to 0) one or more of bits 2 through 31' of the JSW•• '

M:RSS

-

M:TSS

- AI lows program to test the status of one' or more bits of the JSW for set or.
reset conditions. '

. "

I

External Communication
M:KEYIN

-

M:TVPe
M:PRINT

.

:'.

Display a messC!ge on'the operator console and wait for the operator to reply
the message. The reply is transferred to a specified area in the program.

to

.

.

Display a message on the operator console without a solicited reply.

- Write a record on the system listing log  each memb'e,r of which is distinguishable
"~ from ~riothe(: by an absolute generation num~er.
" .

~ ·Clos~
I,

'loop -, volum~s in the defined generation group are rota'ted so thaf(b~ default) th~ ','
~Idest_'.v~fume
is used__,
fo~ output and the newest is used for input. . "." .........' ,.',:,'
.. :',. '.
_ , .. _. ..
. .

; 'q~n'~~p

-,volumes in a ge~eration group are (by default) new v~lu'mes for output and are
. the ~o~t "recent volume for input. The oldest volume is "pushed" out of the loop when a new
~ne_lS. created.,
_ _ ..
"

.
.
'V;';umes may be .refcrenccdbydefault (fi Ie name only), by absolute G.~neration num~er or '
by relative gcneration numbers. '.•
'

.

Volume Sharability
"

'Nhcn a volume i~ defined as sharable, one or more users can access one or more files under
, one or several accounts on a given volume.

File Sharabi lity
When a volume is sharable, the files residing on that volume may be defined as sharable as
follows:

1.

' More thonone DCB can be open to the same file for c,oncurrent input mode processing.

2.

" The system controls multiple access to a single file wh~never more than one user wishes'
to modifyth(f'fi Ie by qucueing requests for"opens.

3.

:, Account authorization and passwords apply.
I

'

Creation and Modification of

DCBs~

M:DCB

allows assembly time creation of a partially specified or complete DCB

;M:MOVE DCB

allows dynamic creation of a DeB by execution time replication of on '
existing DeB
.

M:SETDCB

allows execution time modification or completion of a DCB prior to'
.openin9,~nd .modification of error'.and ,abnormaLre.turnQddressessub~ " ,

sequent to, opening
'ASSIGN
COMMAND
I

,

ollo~, ~n

time specification of certa'in DCB pa~ameters which modify the:
DCB at open time'
",' "
"
,i
.
effects both explicitDCB modifjcatio~ and' as specified by the ASSIGN
command and/or implicit modification by information contained in the'
label of a fi Ie opened for input
"
'

M:OPEN

•

i

Execution Time DeB Assignment
M:ASSIGN

Allows during program execution to

(1) define a temporary file and assign anoperationalla'bei to it
(2) ,define a permanent fPe on a phy~ic~1 resource,

P~es~ing of Files -,
M:OPEN

. ~ctivateslinkbetween a DCB and a physicar' file. The modes are:
-lnpu't mode (forward reading)
Backward readi ng'
.
,
, Output mod~ (forward wri ti ng)
Update ~ode (reading and mOdification)"

• M:CLOSE

~ . suspends activity· of a .DCBand the processed·file. Types of close:
-temporary close~ DCB link .maintained •.. S~b~equen~ open .may be in
different mode.·
.
'
·1
-definite close~ Canc~ls DCB link, but maintains job Hie link.,··
Resource not re leased.
-definite close • . ~a~cels DCB, and i~b-file . link.

Resour.ce'·not.r~lea~ed.

-definite close.' Cancels DeB and iob-file.' link. Resources reledsed.·
Some sub-options are:
catalog the fi Ie if CTG.specified or if on on account volume'
delete existing file or suppress cataloging o~ new· fi Ie

~Get next record. 'Valid -for ASAM,IS·AM aha APAM. Permits readi.ng of ~

M:GET

M:PUT

M:TRUNC

logical records either to a program deHned buffer (MOV model or t~ a
monitor buffer (LOC mode) with'.? poin.ter suppJi.ed~
..
_. . Put next record. Valid for ASAM, ISAM and ·APAM.· Permits .writing of
next logical record in file being created or updated. MOV mode' or laC
mode are allowed.
.

.-

Permits termination of operations on ~ ·p~rtioJIy.processed block'q~d
passage to the next sequential block for proces~ing.

M:DELREC

Permits deletion of last logical'record access ~y an' ~:G·ET•. '

M:CVOl

Permits explicit' svAtchingto the' nex~

M:NOTE

Obtains pointer to current block/record .p~sition for subsequent 'use by
on M:POINT
."
'
:..
.
i.

M:POINT

Permits repositioning within a file to-~ r~cord p~i~t~d ·t~ by information
obtained from a previously issued M:NOTE. ". . .
'..

sequentia(v~lu.n:te· of a fir~.• ','

•

M:DEVICE·

'.

.

.1

Allows re~uests for device dependeni·operat!ons•. Op.tionsar~?
- send message to operator for ~hange of print forms·'
.
- !equest page eiection during priryting of a file_.,:-- .. ".·
- position a magnetic tape.'file by one block backspacing, . one block
forward spacing, position to first block, 'ari~ position pehinCi Jast ~lock...

M:STOW

Permits storing or deleting of p:rincipol and's'ynonym partition ke.ys ·i~t~ ..
.
~
'..:" .

the directory of a p'crtitioned file.
M:FIND

:;:;:,.' .....

Permits positioning to a partition boundary s.ele~ted by ei'tner ~ .priri~ipai: ':
or synonym
key in a partitioned fi Ie. - . " _' ~...-.: . . :.
- : ' . '. .'. .. ..
.
...

M:READ

M:WRITE

,

.~ ~

..

.

~

,.,"

Permits reading of the next ~equential physical r~cord0iSAM) .o~~. pro:···
.gram determined by physical record (VDAM) •.. BDAM i~ by re'lative ~isk:
!sector number.. "::: :. ~-=:::-:.:~:;
.
.' ...... " ' . ! ' • • • ' .

~P;rmits ~iting-·~f the

next

sequenti~'r physi cal ;e~·~rd·(VS·AM) .~n·~·,'·

."

p~~~r~r11 ~eterm~~~d ph!'si5~.I_r~c~~·(yDAM} •. BDAM.is py reIative.di~k: ..
sector number.

-

....

' . ".

"

~:CHECK

'

'T~sts ~ given I/O operating for proper, completion pl~cing the issuing'
program in a wait state, if necessary, to await such completion •. Applies
to VSAM, , VDAM and aDAM..
.
.' '

Abnormal and Error Handling Routines,

A program DeB may specify certain routines which are to handle events :~r"errors 'in I/O
processi n9 such as:

.

Programmi n9 errors

Job initialization errors
Abnor~lities in file content

-

Device related errors
Transmi ssion' errors

-

Bypass of errors
Passwords

-

End of file, or 'volume
File expiration date

User label processing
File or key non-existence or 'existence
-

Sequence errors

.

'.

PERFORtAANC E

.

~

.

.

Several ~mporotive perfOr~ance iob streams have bee~ run on XOS and other ~stems.
Some of the results are sUmmarized belo~. Details of the following may be obtained
from. P. H~

Jo hnson.

F320 Business Job Stream

An intemal business system (F320) was run on XOS-AOt, BPM-FOI andUTS-COO. The'"
following repr.esents the totol elapsed times for eac~ system:

-

• UTS

'BPM

XOS

68 minutes

124 minutes
. Dow Ch~icar Benchmark

,

.

ITimes given for this benchmark are for XOSon a Sigma 6 vs. OS/MFT-II on a 360/40
,lOr a series of commercial appl icotions.

OS/MFT-II - 360/40

XOS - Sigma 6

Elapsed

18 minutes 45 seconds'

Execution'

12 minutes 23 seconds

37 minutes 30 seconds
36 minutes,

COBOL Compilations

~A 'set of tests were performed with seven COBOL compiles. The iobs. were executed'
under XOS, UTS and .BPM. ~·Times are expressed as elapsed throughout.
\

'1.

•

.:'

·XOS .' .'

'? .:nfnut~.· . ~
.

.

•

-

.. . BPM

•

•

.'

UTS

.' -' '13 minute.s

14 minutes

,.

'..Wichi.ta' State University. '
.. ~.~eries of COBOL cnd FORTRAN programs ~ere compiled, link~d ~nd ex~~uted under
:several hardware vendor configurations and operating systems. The .results·expressed in total'
'i, •

._ t

.,

..

...

,

. . .
XQS Tirz:1~ha~ing Only System
I

., .
,

•

:

•

."

...,

",:

..... ",~ ..

.

.,

....

_.

Basic M;nitor with 1 symbiont
. Minimum .Tim~haring .

.

17.5 K
" 28.5 K
, 46.0K

I

1 ResPonse to specific" "configu;o"tion sizing
,features section. for mi~imum 32K system.

,'I

;

re~uest "from Marketing (seespe~ioi ."'
.'

.

.

.
'\",

(.00 Core Size Requirements (cont .) .
".-'.

I

I-Ainimum Botih

.0.

Basic Monitor (with IMTc.ontro II er and 4 drives;
I OM controller and 2 drives;
DEBUG troce stack)

12. OK
, 1.5 .
1.5 .

. NRMAre~

SST V/ork Spoce
DEBUG Patch Area
Card Reader Symbiont (when' active)
Cord Punch Symbiont (when active)
line Printer Symbiont (when active)
.•
Total Basic W~nitor Size

I

.,

1.0
1.5
1.5
1.5

I

20.5K

User .Si~e(Minimum Botch)

2. OK
. 17.0

User Context & NLonitor Service Work Area
. FLAG, COBOL, METASYM

19. OK .

39.5K .

Total Minimum Batch

b. Remote Batch (7670)
TAM - Message tv\ode
Residen't l-Aodu Ie
'1. 8K
I/o Tobles (2 7670~L
2 Telesymbionts {when active}
.

..
.

'

.

'

"

....

".

- ..

.

~

~

...

;

.

. .... .. '. ,~:.. ,,..;.
;

.

~

'.

. "·2.SK

'

"
<

. . . . ~.

3.0
5.5K.

,

c. Reol Time

.

~

.'

..

.

-:

"

~

. i

.

~

.

.. :.

..

,

'

.. '.,. ;,j .
..

-'

~

~

.

.
.'

'.~:

' ..... 2. OK

Real time User Context & fvAonitor Work Space .
Real time User Program
.
. . ; ',!,"'; - '

2.0

.........

d.

.

.

4. OK

:

Terminar Batch Entry'
.. ~ .,~' ~ ... , . ::.' '- • " . ,...~ ,'" ~ ": .*

TAM -

~;'

Character Mode
Resident i'I~ules
Vo Tables (~ lines)

•

Exec.
...

::';~'

...

'. ·r.'"...:. :•...

~

. 2.6 K .....

.9

,

.' .

.......

·3.5 K··

.

,..

. - e".

Timesharing Task
Resident N\oduJes .
DRAGON Task

TIs

,

..

1.5

K :. '

2.0

...

-1.5

...

.. 5.0

.. .

T/S Us~~: ..

.

. 1......USer Context &. Mc;~itor Service
. Work Space
·User Program (EDIT) ..

..•.

2.0 K

.

.

.

..

'~.,

17.0.

15.0

Total Terminal Botch E~.trt

-:-:--- . .

'J

~<::""'~~'I:~:':.-'
7-track Magnetic Tope Control Unit, .,._.
'. _;. _
7-track Magnet~c Tape Unit (200, 556, BOO BP.!, 60~B)
BCD Binary Packing Option for 7371'
'.
.
Buffered line Printer (628-795 lPM) .
Buffered line' Printer (820-1100 -LPM),,·
Buffered linePrinter (1000 LPM)
,Message Oriented- Communica'tfons Equipm~nt,.
"Olorocter Oriented Communi caHons Subsystem
- Comroonications Controller ~nd Expansion Unit Package (C;:OC)
Rem~te Batch Terminel (half duplex only)
.
IBM Terminal with upper/lower case printing:
Dual Access for 7260 Disk
'Duol Access for 7265 Disk

'.

-

-

..

The following

a~aacble

----

RMA'

features of 'XOSins~re system reliabitity

'~r~

maint6.inability:

.. ..; Error log file to record har~wore errors
- System debug facil ities

,
Analyze program for, itemized and formatted core -dumps
, Trace capability to monitor events within the syst"em
'
, A system debug capabi I i ty to patch, dump or trace '.events ,wi thin
, the systern
'.,
..
Capability to selectively addpatches,forperrrianent·stora9~ or
optionally at system i~itial ization

- ~ulQrity of the system
Centralized system tabl es
.
Standardized naming conventions
Systems modules groupedintQ functional elements
Error codes identified by functional element identification
File management system designed to,preveritJile loss'
.

' .

0'"

- Corrptete functional, technical and design "documenta.tion
- Flexible sysgen capabilities
I
Allow adding 'new processors without re~ysgening " '
Allow varying software and hardware configurations'
without requiring a complete resysgen'
, , , - Recovery
~
Automatic timesharing' recovery ,"
. '," "
Complete listing of iobs in executron:.vh~n' the'system c~as'hed ,',
Recovery of and lost disk space,
' "': "
.
All symbiont files that were closed are mciinta'ined'
t:oJd start or restart capabili'ty." Typical restart. time isapproxim<;1tely.
one minute
·
, ,'_.",
"
'..-

i

" 'SPECIAL FEATURES

Among the features of XOS certain enhancements have been made to the base level of the system
, r~ the BOO version. Some of these a r e : '
..,'
,

New I/O Su~crvisor - This subsystem provides two major improvements inJ/O performance •

.

Optimized scheduli~g of disk I/O to minimize arm movement. The queued requ~ts
are segmented by device and selected by lOS according to the current arm location.

'.:.

#

.0

'

.

.

'

MJlti-chann,elaccess to'the same device allows I/O requests to be scheduled via on
. ~ltc~?ate c.hannel if the primary channel path' is busy.
'
Additional Device Support'
- ..72.60.,oisku.Drcj.ve '.
',~ 7265 Disk Drive
.~, ,7446 Pr,inter (all features supported)
- IBM 2741 terminal wit~ full upper/lower case printing caoabilities
.- ·TTYs with type-ahead capability .

.

.'

Minimum System Reduction
.The system ,'can be both!sysgened and operated

iry 32K.

:.Additional Enhancements

.

.

'. :-:- ~ood modules in partition~d datosets~
-: lriput error bypass.
"
'. - Prep of vo'fumes from an AVR ke'yin~, ~ ,
. - Acc~unting log. improvemen'ts for'iob step accounting.
- ~op,e catalog improve'ments·.
."
Output 'file 10 on operator console:
Lost' disk fa Ie space recovery
' ..
- Ex!ended catqlog. whi~h.allows up to 255 volumes per multi-volume file and up to 8192
. f.les per account 'or volume.
'
,.--. S~t~e library control system.:
-

..

'

.

.

APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSORS

'Sto'ndard XOS Processors and Utilities

The' follOwing proc'es~ors and ~tilities are available under XOS:
. fMGE

-

File fknogement Utility that will

..

··-

PREP

-

copy.files
save fifes ..
restore fi les
compress (EBCDIC) data into files
display (decompress) compressed fil~
include. (aad) partitions to p:artitioned files
extract and/or delete from partitions files
list account or volume catalogs
delete files {one or all)
list file contents on a line printer
cards to magnetic medium/magnetic medium to cards

Preparation of Removabt'e Volumes '
,-

- writes volume header labels on disk or tope volumes for
subsequent use as standard labelled volumes
I

REORGP •

Reorganize Partitioned Files
recopies partitioned files
.
- listing all key names and synonyms .and .deleting~.al.l partition.- _
records whose principal keys have been deleted
- lists parti ti on' keYs and synonyms in order of creation

I

• -

REORGI I

Reorganize Indexed Sequential FiJes"
_

.' ,- -

DEFG

-

disk to intermediate tape
disk to disk
disk to intermediate tape and to disk'
tape (sequential or REORGI created) files to disk
partial processi ng of fj les

Generation ,Group Definition
- creates and maintains file/volume, generation groups
..;. OPEN or CLOSE loops
~ list all entries .
.:. delete entries

GENER~MEDIA CONVERSION GENERATION'
.·-

generate specifically tailored utility,
generate generalized utility
user input/output own-code exits, - ,',
cord to tape/disk/printer/card .
tope/disk to printer/card/tape/disk "
record selection
erint filer,estart by block number or user defined k~y.

, GEF

-

Test 'File Generator
- through COBOL-like language generate one
any user defi ned format or pattern

DEBUG

or more sequential

Program Execution CO,ntrol '

filesil1.- '
.'

- request prog"ram dump automatically after program obort or explicity " ,I

, - SNAP (print) registers and core locations conditionally or'unconditionally'
- .modify or insert instructions into a load module'

LINK

'

- Program. linkage Editor
• Some of the features are:
- Create executcble programs from. assembler or, compiler generated opject modules.
- Create library load modules for: insertion into execut.able I
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