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User Manual: access_v2n1

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A Letter From The [Outgoing] Editor

"Alas poor Yorick, for I knew him well." Willie the Shake

For those of you who don't already know, this is to inform you of my departure from PTC and my abdication of the editorship

of ACCESS. The reason for this change is fairly simple: I'm going to work for myself as an independent consultant (free-lance

technician in plebian terminology). Sorry I can't provide any scandalous gossip about my reasons for leaving. But, if you really must

ask, well, let me tell you . . .

Obviously I couldn't have gotten to the position of being my own boss if it hadn't been for the training, experience and contacts

(not to mention confidence) I gained at PTC.

Leaving definitely creates an empty spot in my life, having grown with the company (2 years). I feel like a teenager leaving

home for the first time (sob, sob!).

But enough being maudlin and on to the corn. I think old Ralph should be able to take the helm and steer the ship-of-state

through the uncharted waters of the future, in a manner and style befitting one of this stature.

My God! Somebody shut this fool up. He sounds like journalistic Muzak!!

Why should I shut up, dammitt. I'm the Editor. I can say anything.

Not anymore you can't. You're just the Outgoing Editor. You don't count any more!

Well, as you can see, there are good reasons for me being locked up in this place. And, what the hell, the food's OK.

I guess it's time to go, so I'll close this chapter of history with a sentimental goodbye to y'all. And expecially to Les Solomon

who could be a guru. But whoever heard of a Jewish guru?

Love and kisses to all,

Aram Attarian II

(415) 534-6628

1924-10th Ave.

Oakland, CA 94606

Volume Two,

Number One

March 1978

Publisher

Processor Technology Corp.

Editor

Ralph I. Palsson

Staff Writers

Lee Felsenstein

Drew Rogge

Design/ Production

Wible/Rampton Advertising

ACCESS is published approximately every six weeks. Subscription rate: $4 per year, from Processor Technology Corp., 7100

Johnson Industrial Way, Pleasanton, CA 94566.

be reproduced in any form without permission from Processor Technology Corp.

Table of Contents

Reader Feedback................................................................................................ page 3

A review of our Extended Cassette BASIC, now available..................................page 6

The Sol Users' Society grows and wants you!.....................................................page 6

Adjusting BASIC/5 for the new Extended Cassette BASIC................................. page 7

Lee Felsenstein elucidates interfacing to Sol's parallel port .................................page 9

Having trouble with your 16KRA? Check this.................................................... page 11

Vectored interrupt capability for Sol................................................................... page 11

Interfacing the OP80A Paper Tape Reader to your Sol-20...................................page 13

A selection of programs and applications contributed by our illustrious readers... page 14

Have YOU Moved?

Please notify us of your change of address. Here's a handy form:

NAME ______________________________

NEW ADDRESS ______________________

_____________________________________

A Letter From The [New] Editor

That's me, Ralph Palsson. Remember me from One-to-One Communication? I'm changing hats because Aram Attarian II,

former ACCESS editor, lead Warranty Repair Applications Engineer, customer interfacer, and all-round good guy, has succumbed to

the siren song of "making it" freelance. He's setting up an independent systems consultant and repair technician, and we're going to

miss his red suspenders around here. He devoted a lot of creative energy and talent to making ACCESS what it is today, so I'll do my

best to keep up the good work. For Aram's last words of wisdom to us, see his outgoing editorial on p. 2.

Now that I have this column to sound off in, we'll probably discontinue One-to-One Communication as separate feature. The

original idea behind ACCESS was to make it a vehicle for one-to-one communication in its entirety, and that's beginning to happen, as

you'll see from the many excellent reader contributions in this issue. I'll be laying it pretty heavy on you readers to keep up the good

work-send us your program listings, letters, hardware modifications, applications, anything you think is worthwhile and would like to

share.

The main change I initially hope to make in ACCESS is getting it on a somewhat more regular publication schedule, aiming at

every 6 (±2) weeks. And I promise that everyone who had paid $4.00 for a year's subscription will actually receive 8 issues,

regardless of how many leaves get torn off the calendar. As for the new format- well, you people seem to be as enthusiastic about it as

we are, and we'll keep adding whatever improvements we think of. Again, your suggestions are valuable, like the punched-hole idea

several readers have mentioned.

I like to think of ACCESS as one proof of the pride Processor Technology takes in providing customer support. So far, we

have a pretty good track record, but we aim to make it even better. We have a very user-oriented Customer Service Dept., plus the

more technically inclined applications and product support engineers regularly available to help you with debugging and

troubleshooting your kits. They're also good with advice on how to interface a Sol or 3P+S to a peripheral device. And we even have

a customer service software consultant available for phone discussions. But there's one thing none of these people can do, and that's

help you with support for XYZ company's floppy disk or ABC's 16K board. No matter how expert they are, our engineers can't know

the personal design quirks of a product they may never have seen, and really your guess is as good as theirs many times. We'll do as

much "hand-holding" as we can by phone or letter, but please understand the distinction between help with interfacing and help with

someone else's product.

Our Customer Service technicians are currently available daily from 1:30 to 4:00 p. m. PST for phone consultation. The

number again is (415) 829-2600. We'll increase the hours as soon as we can add more trained personnel who can give you straight

answers you deserve.

I'll end with my usual plug for Processor Technology dealers. These guys can provide you with a wealth of information and

assistance without running up your phone bill. Our intentions are good, and we back them up with action as much as possible, but it's

a fact of life that we're way out here in Pleasanton, CA. And if you're in Manhattan, Bloomington, or even Lompoc, you will probably

get more personal service from the dealer who's helped you plan your system in the first place than you can get from a voice on the

phone. The idea is to give you the best support possible, wherever it comes from.

Well, hope you enjoy ACCESS # 5, and in the words of AA II, y'all have a good time, y'heah?!

Ralph I. Palsson

Dear Editor:

HISTOGRAMS IN BASIC

(Or how to display multiple cursors)

Attempting to use Basic 5 for plotting the results of stock analysis, I wanted to plot a graph of the derived results. An approach

has been developed, using the TAB function to start a plot, and a calculated value of a variable to end the plot. I also wanted to use

reverse video to highlight data or to plot a bar made up of (a0 hex) "cursors:" Initially this was difficult, since many 7F masks were

used in the VDM driver within CUTER to maintain a clean display. Therefore the VDM driver cannot be entered with a CALL to its

entry address, since bit 7 is cleanly stripped off. The solution to this problem lies in addressing that portion of the VDM driver

starting at location C0BB after having put the A0 into register B. That can be done as an immediate move in machine code

necessitating a call from Basic to your machine code which in turn calls the driver, or by using the ARG command in basic before the

call to the driver. This latter approach has an advantage in that the value of the ARG can also be calculated thus giving you control

over the character chosen for the plot. (Incidentally, the 7F, delete character makes a nice chart due to the spacing between bars.)

These ARG and CALL functions are used within a FOR-Next loop which is set up as described in the beginning of this description.

That looping puts out the desired number of repeated characters and leaves VDM screen management control within the

Basic/Cuter/VDM driver software management system.

In closing, let me send my praise and thanks for your product quality and utility. The PTCO additions have really enhanced my

IMSAI.

Donald F. Petrie

831 Ponderosa Dr.

So. Daytona, Fla. 32019

Donald also enclosed a carbon of a letter he wrote in response to Dave Wrobel's query in the last ACCESS:

January 10, 1978

Dear Dave:

Don't despair! Inverse video is attainable. I noticed your letter and Mr. Attarian's response in issue number four of Processor

Technology ACCESS.

I too was interested in the use of inverse video with my IMSAI/ VDM/CUTER configuration and was frustrated when using the

SOUT entry point of the VDM driver. When I use an ANI 7F in the code, a cleanup, stripping off of the parity bit (in our case the

VDM inverse video bit) is performed.

There is a simple solution to the problem, however, if you will use a machine language subroutine (callable from Basic, if

desired) which calls the VDM driver after the housekeeping stripping referred to above. This driver routine, identified as "OCHAR,"

is at CUTER location C0BBH and in SOLOS at location C098H. Calling the driver at OCHAR with bit 7 high will result in the

desired inverse video display.

You have a number of options in approaching this problem. In machine code, put the character into Register B, with bit 7 high

and then call OCHAR. In BASIC/5, establish the character as the value of an ARG function and use the Basic ARG/CALL routines to

call OCHAR. And if you want keyboard on-off toggling control of this feature, a simple custom output driver invoked by the

SOLOS/CUTER pseudo-port 3 routine can be written to sense your command choice; then either add or strip-off bit 7 as appropriate

and put the character in register B before calling OCHAR and returning to your system.

I hope one of these suggestions will be of use to you if you haven't already found a solution to your desire for inverse video

display.

D. F Petrie

cc: Mr. Aram Attarian Editor, Processor Technology Access

Dear Donald,

Yes, Virginia, Inverse Video is attainable in Sol BASIC/5, thanks to your information. Reader Tom Digate has also sent

us a contribution on this subject, a cassette written in BASIC15 demonstrating the uses of SOLO's VDM driver escape

sequence. A printout of his program appears in the ACCESS to Software: section of this issue. Many thanks to you, too, Tom.

Aram is passionately hardware oriented and doesn't always realize that anything's possible with software!

Ralph

Dear Editor:

Enclosed you will find a check for $4.00 for my 1-year subscription to ACCESS. I was at my local computer store, (Itty Bitty

Machine Company, Lombard, ILL), and they gave me a copy of ACCESS to look at. I thoroughly enjoyed reading the articles in the

November issue. Congratulations on your fine publication. I have a question that you or maybe your readers could help me on. I

have a IMSAI 8080 Micro Computer with the following boards: a 16K Processor Tech. Memory, VDM board by PTC, and my

problem, 1 Tarbell Cassette interface board. I am going to purchase your (Sol) Basic Computer and I would like to know if there is a

program to convert the CUTS format to Tarbell format for my cassette interface. I would like my IMSAI to run Sol software. If

anyone can help, please do.

Thank you.

Robert Bennett

2046 Louis Street

Melrose Park, ILL 60164

Dear Bob,

Thanks for your letter; an ACCESS subscription has been entered for you and hopefully you're now reading this in

your first copy.

Note that Sol BASIC/5 is an interpreter, not a compiler. If you're feeling any confusion about it, I'm sure your dealer

can help.

About the CUTS/Tarbell matter. PTC doesn't support the Tarbell cassette interface with hardware or software,

because we feel that CUTS is a superior system for several reasons. The CUTS (Computer Users Tape Systems) recording

method was derived from and is compatible with the Byte (Kansas City) standard recording method, a system that PTC

helped develop at the 1975 Kansas City meeting. We believe strongly in promoting software standardization and have put a

lot of effort into the cause. CUTS was especially designed to permit widespread dissemination and exchange of low cost

software. To that end, CUTS tapes are less expensive and easier to produce than Tarbell; PTC has shipped over 30,000 of

them to date with less 1 % failure rate-not bad, if we do say so ourselves! And although CUTS is slightly slower than Tarbell,

it requires less adjustment to work with a greater variety of tapes: and cassette recorders-again facilitating standardization

and exchange.

So while we can't be too encouraging about your conversion project, we hope you will continue your interest in CUTS

and Sol software. We think you'll end up very happy with it.

Ralph

Gentlemen,

I am enclosing a listing of a game written in BASIC called Hammurabi. I found it in one of the hobbyist magazines, Personal

Computing, I think. I modified it to run in Basic/5 and I and my two boys have enjoyed playing it. I thought perhaps other Sol

owners might also enjoy it. It will run in 8K and I run it on the CRT. I have enclosed a printout of a typical "year" of the game ending

with a deliberate error which ends the game with a loss of kingdom. The entire successful game would have been too long a printout

and I think the short example will give anyone looking at it the idea of how it's played.

I enjoyed the first issue of the new format of Access. Keep up the good work.

I visited your booth at the New York Coliseum and was very taken with the Sol set up to record a mailing list on tape which

was open to public entry. If a copy of this program is available, I would very much like to obtain one.

Best wishes for your continuing success.

John Dowd

Lynn's Hair Fashions

New Road, Central Ave.

Linwood, N.J. 08221

Dear John,

Thanks for your comments and contributions. The mailing list program you saw in New York was just a demo version

and not availavailable in its present form. However, our software development is now shifting to an emphasis on applications,

and you'll find many exciting programs forthcoming in the near future.

To our readers,

Besides the Hammurabi program, John also sent us two others, PAROL and COMM. All three appear in the ACCESS

to Software section-try them out!

Ralph

RE: So120

Gentlemen:

I purchased my So120 mid December 1977. After several hours of building (72) the Sol, to explicit and well defined hardware

assembly instructions, I had a letter perfect "turn on:" My compliments to all connected with this portion of the manual and hardware

parts staff.

I have encountered one problem which I have since corrected. This was a very heavy smearing and unstable effect on my video

monitor Distortion severe enough to force shut down manually and of course interrupting work in process. I could still "SAVE" etc.

But it was very difficult to read monitor and inputs, when instability occurred. Being more familiar with R.F., video and

communications equipment than logic, I found a quick and normal solution to the problem, one which is a standard practice in the R.F.

field.

Solution:

The clock generator at "14.31818 MHz" is fairly open to external field excitation, by nearby C.B. and other transmitter

frequencies. This unprotected portion of your circuit tends to wander if excited by an external signal and does not settle down. The

reason is the XTAL can itself, floating above ground. A short jumper between the can and ground corrected the problem immediately.

I hope this assists other Sol users.

Now the bad news. I realize most people purchasing Sol's are probably more software oriented than I am. Therefore, your

company did a painstaking task on the hardware. But your software writeup for a beginner (28 years communications) in computer

talk and functions is very poor.

I know it is difficult and a lot of self study must be done, which I am now doing, but!

Might I suggest you acquire some unsuspecting person with no software knowledge, sit him/her in front of the machine, hand

him "Console Manual" and "Solos Manual" and watch the confusion. If it is me, I apologize. But after showing your book to 3 top

software experts, they agreed, it was written by a software expert.

Example:

After 10 hours of reading, re-reading, 1 trip to vendor (80 miles), no luck, re-reading, etc., trying to work out the CRC

computation. Nowhere could I see it written.

"When you desire to save a file. Input SAVE (title) 5 words and press "RETURN:"

N.B. "Making sure recorder is in record mode:"

But most important, "File header is then automatic:"

I guess I'm saying try to use layman's language, if possible. If you re-read "SOLOS" I am sure you will agree.

I am very satisfied with the unit and want to congratulate those who worked hard on design and appearance. Well done.

B. W. Poste

17 Lonsdale Place,

Barrie, Ontario

Dear B. W.,

Thanks for the compliments, and for the hardware fix. Many of our readers will find your contribution from the RF/analog

world extremely useful.

Your critical points on documentation and software are very worthwhile. PTC's Technical Documentation Dept. is always

looking for input that will help future publications be more clearly presented, on the appropriate level of expertise. Meanwhile, we'll

try to provide some concrete follow through in the next issue of ACCESS.

Ralph

Gentlemen:

Loved the new ACCESS format, but tell me, will my one-year subscription be extended to cover the first 8 issues (since you

nominally publish every 6 weeks)? You haven't quite been able to keep up with the announced schedule for either ACCESS or ALS-8

users notes, (though the latter are not officially a product of P.T.). Also, (this may sound like a dumb question), is there any chance of

re-publishing the 1st 3 issues in the new format? Even if it costs $2-$3 per copy? The new format is so much better, especially for my

only good source of a CUTTER (or SOLOS) listing* Thanks.

Barry Watzman

2330 Millenium Lane

Reston, VA 22091

*Besides, then I could keep a complete collection of ACCESS in a 3-ring binder!

Dear Barry;

Yes. We'll make sure you (and other ACCESS subscribers) receive 8 issues before you come up for second year billing.

Also, we aim to put the journal back onto a more reasonable schedule.

As you might guess, costs of republishing out-of-print ACCESS

issues are prohibitive. However, I'm thinking of possibly doing a collection of the "Best of ACCESS" as a separate issue

or reprinting the most requested articles from past issues. How do you other readers

feel? (NOTE. We still have a lot of our 2nd issue on hand; numbers 1 and 3 are out of print.)

Ralph

Extended Cassette BASIC Is Here!

Our long-promised Extended Cassette BASIC has been released and is now at your local PTC dealer. It's a powerful language,

and we'll be publishing assorted program listings in future ACCESS issues to stimulate your imagination on its applications. Just for

starters, note that Extended Cassette BASIC features complete string functions and matrix operations. And the documentation is

excellent.

It's rumored there may be some bootleg copies floating around. Assure yourself of getting a quality tape and complete package

by buying only if the cassette and manual are identical to those shown in the photograph here.

There's one slight bug we've discovered in using manual FOR/NEXT loops. The bug occurs when there is a FOR/NEXT loop

within a FOR/NEXT loop which will not allow the execution of the inner loop. The squasher allows the execution of the internal loop

rather than searching for a loop elsewhere in the program. It's easily fixed by following this 5-step procedure:

1) GET BASIC from the tape. Note the load address and length.

2) Type EN B3E in SOLOS. (CR)

3) Type the following numbers, separated by a space:

C1 CA 2E 0B/(CR)

4) SAVE BASIC (refer to Section 3.4 in the BASIC User's Manual). Let the tape run in the RECORD mode for 10-15 seconds

before re-recording. You can use a new tape if you wish, but the original one will work just as well. Use the load address and length

information you obtained in Step 1 of this procedure, and make the auto start address 0 and ending address 3F84.

If you're using the original cassette, affix scotch tape over the two holes on the back of the cartridge. Remove tape when

finished; this will afford you "write protection."

The Sol Users' Society Is Up And Running

Last issue we reported on the formation and first meeting of SOLUS, the Sol Users' Society. It's an organization for owners of

Sol computers or of Sol-type computers compatible with other PTC products. Specifically, if you have an 8080 or Z-80

microcomputer you're using with SOLOS, CUTER, SOL/ CUTS cassette interface, or any functionally equivalent operating system,

you might like to join. The membership is world-wide.

Currently, SOLUS has several good services going, beginning with their own bi-monthly (approximately!) newsletter to keep

members informed on hardware, software, new products, bugs, local chapter meetings, and other items of interest. They maintain a

Software Library which collects and distributes public domain programs for a nominal charge. Local chapters hold meetings to

exchange software and ideas, and the club headquarters, in convenient proximity to PTC, keeps a close communication link going

with us. Finally, qualified SOLUS volunteers are testing products for Sol compatibility and reporting their experiences in the

newsletter.

To refresh you on the club's goal and organization: The stated goals are to facilitate communication among SOLUS members,

to provide a mechanism of exchange for Sol-compatible software, to give PTC feedback from SOLUS members, and to encourage the

development and testing of Sol-compatible hardware and software produced by independent sources. Their relationship with PTC and

other manufacturers is co-operative but independent. SOLUS is primarily a personal computer users' group, but special interest

groups can be formed within the club on subjects like commercial use, health care, education, scientific applications, etc. The society

is supported by dues and volunteer efforts.

To join SOLUS: If you live in the U.S., Canada or Mexico, send $10.00 in check or money order to SOLUS, P.O. Box 23471,

San Jose, CA 95153. If you live anywhere else, send $15.00. Dealers and manufacturers of Sol-compatible equipment or software

should contact SOLUS at the above address for details on special memberships.

What To Do With Your BASIC/5 Programs Now That You Have Extended

Cassette BASIC

Unfortunately, programs written in Sol BASIC/5 won't run with the new Extended Cassette (formerly called 8K) BASIC

interpreter. But you can save yourself several thousand tedious keystrokes by using the following assembly language program to save

your BASIC/5 programs in text form on CUTS cassette. Then it will be easy to get and run a text file on the new interpreter whenever

you wish.

The program uses the byte access tape routines in the SOLOS/ CUTER monitor. CLIST is written to be used as custom output

diver in conjunction with pseudo port 3.

When you use the program, load the machine code at the addresses indicated in the assembly listing below. Set the custom

output port address to the beginning address of this program. Get and execute BASIC/5. Get the program you want to write to the

tape. From BASIC/5, set the output port to 3 and type LIST.

After your program has been saved, this routine will set the current output port back to 0.

000D CR EQU 0DH ASCII carriage return

000A LF EQU 0AH ASCII line feed

* Solos equates

C01C ROUT EQU 0C01CH

C007 FOPEN EQU 0C007H

CODA FCLOS EQU 0C00AH

C010 WRBYT EQU 0C010H

C807 OPORT EQU 0C807H

* The program starts here.

* This is also the entry point.

CB00 ORG 0CB00H

CB00 CLIST EQU $

CB00 C5 PUSH B Save registers

CB01 D5 PUSH D

CB02 E5 PUSH H

CB03 78 MOV A,B get character

CB04 FE OD CPI CR Carriage return?

CB06 C2 26 CB JNZ CL2

CB09 21 73 CB LXI H,LCHAR

CB0C 7E MOV A,M Get last character

CB0D FE 0D CPI CR If not two carriage returns in

CB0F C2 26 CB JNZ CL2 ... in a row then nothing special

CB12 23 INX H Else check if first set

CB13 7E MOV A,M ...of carriage returns

CB14 B7 ORA A If not then close file and

CB15 C2 4B CB JNZ CLOOP reset program

CB18 3D DCR A Else say we already

CB19 77 MOV M,A had first time through

CB1A 3A 62 CB LDA UNIT Get unit to write to

CB1D 21 63 CB LXI H,HEADR Point to tape header

CB20 CD 5E CB CALL OPNOP Open the tile

CB23 C3 47 CB JMP GBACK

CB26 78 CL2 MOV A,B

CB27 FE 0B CPI LF+1

CB29 DA 2F CB JC CL3

CB2C 32 73 CB STA LCHAR

CB2F 3E 00 CL3 MVI A,0 Reflect character to screen

CB31 CD 1C C0 CALL AOUT

CB34 3A 74 CB LDA FIRST Check if writing yet

CB37 B7 ORA A

CB38 CA 47 CB JZ GBACK Return if not

CB3B 78 MOV A,B

CB3C FE 0B CPI LF+1

CB3E DA 47 CB JC GBACK

CB41 3A 62 CB LDA UNIT Get unit to write to

CB44 CD 10 C0 CALL WRBYT Write the byte

CB47 E1 GBACK POP H Restore registers

CB48 D1 POP D

CB49 C1 POP B

CB4A C9 RET . ...to Basic/5

CB4B CLOOP EQU $

CB4B 3A 62 CB LDA UNIT

CB4E CD 0A C0 CALL FCLOS Close file

CB51 AF XRA A

CB52 32 73 CB STA LCHAR Reset program for next

CB55 32 74 CB STA FIRST ...time through

CB58 32 07 C8 STA OPORT Change output port to 0

CB5B C3 47 CB JMP GBACK

CB5E OPNOP EQU $

CB5E CD 07 C0 CALL FOPEN

CB61 C9 RET

CB62 01 UNIT DB 1 Change to 2 to use tape unit 2

CB63 43 4C 49 53 HEADR ASC 'CLIST'

CB68 00 DB 0

CB69 54 DB 'T' for TEXT

CB6A 00 01 DW 256 Length of block

CB6C 00 00 DW 0

CB6E 00 00 DW 0

CB70 00 00 DW 0 Three spares

CB72 00 DB 0

CB73 00 LCHAR DB 0

CB74 00 FIRST DB 0

CB75 00 INFLG DB 0

Interfacing To The Sol's Parallel Port

by Lee Felsenstein

The parallel input/output port on the Sol, J2, is intended to allow highspeed transfer of data between the CPU and outside

devices. The circuitry was designed to be symmetrical, so that two devices having identical interfaces can communicate with each

other. I n contrast, the 3P+S circuit puts out a positive-going data strobe pulse but requires either a negative-going data strobe pulse or

a steady level in the return direction. As a result, two 3P+S boards cannot communicate without additional circuitry, while two Sols

can communicate through their parallel ports with nothing but wires between them.

Data is transferred on eight-bit-wide paths into and out of the Sol, through the pins of J2 labelled PID0-7 (data into the CPU)

and POD0-7 (data out of the processor). Polarity of the data on these pins is positive---that is, a "high" logical level is equivalent to a

binary "1." Data is latched at the output side of the interface and is not latched at the input side. This means that after an output

instruction to the parallel port (port FD) is issued, the new data remains present at the output pins of the connector indefinitely, until

the next output instruction is issued. Similarly, the external device which provides data to the Sol through J2 must keep its data

present on the PID pins long enough for it to be "picked up" by the Sol CPU.

Supervisory signals, known as "handshaking" signals, are provided in both directions to allow the devices on each side of the

interface to know when data has been accepted and when each may present the next eight bits of data. Each side issues a

negative-going "strobe pulse" when its data is ready and latched. In the direction going out from the Sol, this signal is called POL, for

Parallel Output Load. The line over the signal name signifies that the signal is "active low." All of the handshaking signals are active

low, so that a disconnected plug automatically results in a "not ready" condition. Resistors connected from the in-coming handshaking

signals to +5 volts will "pull up" these pins to a high level automatically when this happens. Due to the pecularities of TTL logic, it is

almost impossible to "pull down" a disconnected input.

The external device sees the POL signal and immediately acknowledges it with a high level on the PXDR pin, (Parallel

External Device Ready). The Sol CPU will test the level of this signal before issuing a new POL. The external device sets the PXDR

low again as soon as it has accepted the data and no longer requires its presence on the POD pins. Fig. 1 shows the sequence

relationship between these signals.

In the incoming direction to the Sol CPU, the signals and the sequence are the same, with only the names and pin numbers

changed. The data strobe fed to the Sol is PDR, (Parallel Data Ready). The Sol circuitry immediately responds with a high level on

its PIAK pin (Parallel Input Acknowledge), which continues until the CPU has accepted the data presented at the PID pins.

Fig. 2 shows a suggested circuit for providing the handshaking signals from an external device. Note the provision for an

"Initialize" pulse. This prevents the circuit from starting up in a "not ready" condition and "hanging up" the Sol CPU. Some external

devices will not require this signal, but as an interface designer or troubleshooter, you should understand the possible pitfall. 74LS

series logic is shown, but any TTL logic may be used. Each input of the parallel interface should present no more than one standard

TTL equivalent load (1.6 maximum current source).

Three signals remain unexplained so far. These are PIE (Parallel Input Enable), POE (Parallel Output Enable), and PUS

(Parallel Unit Select). These are direction-control signals to allow sharing of data lines among several devices. The latches in the Sol

have "tri-state" output drivers, which can be "turned off" so that another device can take over the same data lines with its own tri-state

drivers. The signal which turns off the Sol drivers is POE (Parallel Output Enable). This signal is high-active, so that a low level on

this pin will cause the output drivers to release. It will therefore keep the output drivers on when no connection is made to that pin of

J2.

The Sol provides a signal which is intended to control the output-enable signal of an external device. This is PIE, a latched bit

which is initialized to a logical "high" level and which can be set be setting bit 3 of output port FA. (The remaining bits of FA control

other things, so care must be taken to keep them in the proper pattern when such an output is performed.) PIE may be used as a

"direction control" bit if you want to share the data lines in both directions: for example, if you need to save wire or to use the

interleaving wires of a ribbon cable for grounds to provide shielding on long runs. PIE would then be connected to POE of the Sol

and to a similar signal on the external device which recognized a "low" level as its output-enable signal. The PID and the POD lines

may now use the same eight wires.

Note that the layout of the pins on E revision Sols and above (F, etc.) is such that the PID 0 and POD 0 lines are physically

adjacent. This allows easy cross-connection of these lines in parallel when using a ribbon cable. If a 25-wire ribbon cable is used, the

interleaving wires are free for use as grounds, helping to reduce the problems of "glitches" which often plague high-speed parallel

interfaces.

The PUS (Parallel Unit Select) pin is another latched bit, bit 4 of output port FA, which is initialized to a logical "low" level. It

may be used to select two different external devices to receive or transmit data. These devices may share the same PID lines if their

outputs are tri-state. Together with the PIE bit, the PUS bit allows the CPU to select four external devices, providing that appropriate

decoding and response circuitry is included in the external device.

Like all logic-level signals, the parallel interface signals should be kept away from high voltages such as AC and static

electricity. Cables longer than 10 feet should not be used; or if they are, precautions should be taken to accommodate the "ringing"

effects which will result during signal transitions. The most typical such precaution is "terminating" the line with a resistor, usually

about 120 ohms connected to +5 volts. The output circuits of the Sol parallel port cannot drive a load of less than 330 ohms, so

additional drivers may be necessary for such terminated lines. It is also a poor practice to connect edge-sensitive inputs such as the

clock or trigger input of a flip-flop to the cable directly. Use an inverter or a Schmitt trigger circuit such as the 74LS14, 8837, or 8836

(8T380). Edge effects can be impossible to see on an oscilloscope, so precautions are usually advisable when attempting to "debug" a

cranky interface.

The Sol parallel interface provides many opportunities for imaginatvie and economical interfacing. we would be interested in

hearing your results in applications which you consider noteworthy. Good luck!

Important Notice To 16KRA Owners

We're currently up to Revision Level J on the 16KRA memory board in our tireless quest to improve the reliability of the

circuit. Most of the earlier boards work fine, and if yours isn't exhibiting any intermittent failures, you can stop reading now. We

don't recommend making the modification unless you are having trouble.

However, here's the modification procedure for those of you who need it. The assembly in question is Number 203000, shown

on page VI-1 of the 16KRA manual. The portion of the drawing reproduced here, Detail A, shows the modification to increase

reliability. Five jumper wires have been added to the trace side of the board, all at ground potential, in order to improve ground return

paths. U30 is shown as a 75365-the alternate part 3207 should not be used at this location. To make the changes:

1) Connect pin 5 of U28 to pin 9 of U29.

2) Connect pin 9 of U29 to pin 9 of U30.

3) Connect pin 9 of U30 to pin 9 of U31.

4) Connect pin 9 of U31 to pin 5 of U32.

5) Connect pin 8 of U28 to pin 1 of U32.

These changes don't require any change in the schematic shown on page VI-2, or in the Theory of Operation, Section V.

Vectored Interrupt Capability For Sol

Although the 8080A microprocessor used in the Sol provides vectored interrupt capability, neither Sol nor Processor

Technology's other S100 modules require use of this capability. However, Sol does provide a means for implementing vectored

interrupt if the interrupt signal is made available by a circuit board inserted in the S100 bus. This board is connected to S100 bus pin

96, SINTA. If you want this board to generate interrupts, you'll need to add two jumpers, shown below, to the Sol P.C. These

jumpers enable the SINTA signal to reach the memory decoder circuit; they can be added after assembling the Sol P.C., or even after

the entire Sol has been assembled and tested.

The jumpers should be made from #24 solid insulated wire (not provided). Their electrical effects can be seen in Drawing

X-16. They can be left in place even if no S100 board generates interrupts. and S100 bus pin 96 may float with no interference.

The necessary modifications for both Revision D and Revision E level circuit boards are as follows:

Modification to Revision E board. Sol-PCB:

1) Strip .1" of insulation from one end of two 8" lengths of wire. Insert the stripped ends into pads AC and AB (near U58), from the

component side of the board. Solder and check for solder bridges.

2) Dress the wires as shown in the accompanying diagram, trim to the correct length, and strip .1" from the loose ends. Insert the wire

from pad AB into pad AD, and the wire from pad AC into pad AE. Again, solder and inspect for solder bridges.

3) Attach the long runs of wire to the board with silicone compound or tape.

Modification to Revision D Board, Sol-PCB:

1) Strip.1" insulation from each end of a 6.25" length of wire. Connect one end to pin 96 of J10 (S100 connector); the other end goes

to pin 9 of U57.

2) Strip .1" of insulation from each end of a 4" wire. Connect pin 8 of U57 to pin 6 of U34.

3) Attach the long runs of wire to the board with silicone compound or tape.

The Sol-20 And The OP-80A Paper Tape Reader

by Drew Rogge

Oliver Audio Engineering's excellent and inexpensive OP-80A Paper Tape reader is one of the most popular peripherals in use

with the Sol-20 and Sol User's Manual does contain some information about interfacing it. However, there's an error in the manual,

and hardware interfacing can be a tricky chore in any case. Especially when it comes to using the Sol's 8-bit parallel output port. (See

Lee Felsenstein's article on the parallel port else where in this issue.) So here's what to do about the manual error, and also some other

useful tidbits.

Section VII (Operating Procedures) of the Sol Users' Manual discusses the OP-80A. The error is on page 31: pin 5 of J2 (Sol

PDI connector) should be labeled IAK, not IAK. Therefore, the "input Acknowledge" jumper on the paper tape reader should be

connected to ACK, not ACK.

The intensity of the light source is also an important consideration in bringing the OP-80A up. You can allow just enough

brightness to operate the tape reader, yet avoid saturating the tape, if you start by placing the light source far enough above the reader

so that the SP LED indicator remains off. Then lower the light source just far enough to activate the LED, and keep it there.

Pat Tuell, of the San Jose Byte Shop, has contributed a driver routine for using the OP-80A, which we've included along with

this article.

OP-80/ Sol Driver

by Pat Tuell

Enter the routine from keyboard or cassette; hook up the reader as specified. Execute C900, and start pulling the tape through.

Intel-formatted paper tapes will automatically be loaded into the correct memory locations and control will automatically return to

SOLOS.

Have fun getting your data loaded!

Note: In case you haven't already made the correction, please note that in ACCESS #4 there is a routine to load Intel-formatted

tapes from a teletype connected to the serial port. Memory location 1F0A should be "3A" instead of "3B."

C900 0010 *

C900 0020 * THIS WILL LOAD INTEL FORMAT PAPER TAPE

C900 0030 *INTO SOL THRU OP80 READER CONNECTED TO SOL

C900 0040 *PARALLEL DATA INTERFACE

C900 0050 *

C900 0060 *

C900 3E 10 0070 START MVI A,010H STARTUP

C902 D3 FA 0080 OUT 0FAH

C904 CD 93 C9 0090 CALL DAZL

C907 0100 *

C907 DB FA 0110 PTIN IN 0FAH INPUT FROM OP80 ASC.

C909 E6 02 0120 ANI 002H

C90B C2 07 C9 0130 JNZ PTIN

C90E 3E 00 0140 MVI A,000H

C910 D3 FA 0150 OUT 0FAH TOGGLE ACK

C912 3E 10 0160 MVI A,010H

C914 D3 FA 0170 OUT 0FAH

C916 DB FD 0180 IN 0FDH

C918 E6 7F 0190 ANI 07FH

C91A C9 0200 RET

C918 0210 *

C91B D6 30 0220 HEX SUI 030H CONVERT ASC TO HEX

C91D FE OA 0230 CPI 00AH

C91F D8 0240 RC

C920 D6 07 0250 SUI 007H

C922 C9 0260 RET

C923 0270 *

C923 CD 07 C9 0280 CHAR CALL PTIN ASSEMBLE BYTE

C926 CD 1B C9 0290 CALL HEX

C929 CD 35 C9 0300 CALL ROLL

C92C 5F 0310 MOV E,A

C92D CD 07 C9 0320 CALL PTIN

C930 CD 1B C9 0330 CALL HEX

C933 83 0340 ADD E

C934 C9 0350 RET

C935 0360 *

C935 07 0370 ROLL RLC

C936 17 0380 RAL

C937 17 0390 RAL

C938 17 0400 RAL

C939 C9 0410 RET

C93A 0420 *

C93A CD 07 C9 0430 CARD CALL PTIN ASSM BYTE, DISPLAY

C93D F5 0440 PUSH 006H

C93E 47 0450 MOV B,A

C93F CD 19 C0 0460 CALL SOUT

C942 F1 0470 POP 006H

C943 CD 1B C9 0480 CALL HEX

C946 CD 35 C9 0490 CALL ROLL

C949 5F 0500 MOV E,A

C94A CD 07 C9 0510 CALL PTIN

C94D F5 0520 PUSH 006H

C94E 47 0530 MOV B,A

C94F CD 19 CO 0540 CALL SOUT

C952 F1 0550 POP 006H

C953 CD 1B C9 0560 CALL HEX

C956 83 0570 ADD E

C957 C9 0580 RET

C958 0590 *

C958 CD 23 C9 0600 LOOP CALL CHAR INPUT DATA

C95B 77 0610 MOV M,A

C95C 23 0620 INX H

C95D 15 0630 DCR D

C95E C2 58 C9 0640 JNZ LOOP

C961 C3 64 C9 0650 JMP READ

C964 0660 *

C964 CD 07 C9 0670 READ CALL PTIN LOOK FOR A BLOCK

C967 FE 3A 0680 CPI 03AH

C969 C2 64 C9 0690 JNZ READ

C96C 06 OA 0700 RD1 MVI B,00AH

C96E CD 19 C0 0710 CALL SOUT

C971 06 OD 0720 MVI B,00DH

C973 CD 19 C0 0730 CALL SOUT

C976 CD 3A C9 0740 CALL CARD

C979 57 0750 MOV D,A

C97A C8 0760 RZ

C97B 06 OA 0770 MVI B,00AH

C97D CD 19 C0 0780 CALL SOUT

C980 06 0D 0790 MVI B,00DH

C982 CD 19 CO 0800 CALL SOUT

C985 CD 3A C9 0810 CALL CARD

C988 67 0820 MOV H,A

C989 CD 3A C9 0830 CALL CARD

C98C 6F 0840 MOV L,A

C98D CD 23 C9 0850 CALL CHAR

C990 C3 58 C9 0860 JMP LOOP

C993 0870 *

C993 CD 07 C9 0880 DAZL CALL PTIN

C996 FE 3A 0890 CPI 03AH

C998 C2 9E C9 0900 JNZ WAIT

C99B C3 6C C9 0910 JMP RD1

C99E 47 0920 WAIT MOV B,A

C99F CD 19 CO 0930 CALL SOUT

C9A2 C3 93 C9 0940 JMP DAZL

C9A5 0950 *

C9A5 0960 SOUT EQU 0C019H

C9A5 0970 *

C9A5 0980 *

C9A5 0990 *

C9A5 1000 * CABLE PINOUT

C9A5 1010 *

C9A5 1020 * SOL OP80

C9A5 1030 *REV D REV E PIN SIGNAL

C9A5 1040 * 6 13 1 ID0

C9A5 1050 * 7 12 16 ID1

C9A5 1060 * 8 11 2 ID2

C9A5 1070 * 9 10 15 ID3

C9A5 1080 *10 9 3 ID4

C9A5 1090 *11 8 14 ID5

C9A5 1100 *12 7 4 ID6

C9A5 1110 *13 6 13 ID7

C9A5 1120 *

C9A5 1130 *14 14 5 ACK-

C9A5 1140 * 4 4 6 RDA-

C9A5 1150 * 2 2 8 GND

C9A5 1160 * 9 +5V

C9A5 1170 *

C9A5 1180 *

C9A5 1190 *

C9A5 1200 * THE SOL SURVIVOR

C9A5 1210 *

We hope this section is going to become a regular feature of ACCESS, and we hope that you're going to write it! All of the

programs in this issue were contributed by readers, many of them as submissions to the Applications Contest described last issue.

Naturally, they're all very much in the running we're just printing them now because they seemed too good to keep to ourselves. Keep

your contributions coming---if this selection is a fair sample of the quality we can expect, ACCESS to Software may prove the most

popular part of the magazine.

You'll note the miniscule size of the listings. Well, the less space they take, the more we can run, and the more space we can

devote to meatier prose in other sections. We're thinking that most users will only have to read the programs in once, and hoping that

you'll become resigned to squinting your eyes as a one-time (per program), character-building experience, worth it for the rewards of

acquiring the program.

Also check the reader feedback section of this issue for additional comments by the authors of these programs.

Again, you're encouraged to submit any and all programs you have. For purposes of accuracy and the suppression of typos, we

encourage you to send either a cassette or photo-reproducible printout of the listing. If you send a cassette, we'll replace it with a

blank one so you don't lose on the deal. Also try to provide as much support information as you can, like your uses for the program,

where it originated, etc. It's a nice way to get your name in print!

Contributions to this issue:

Hammurabi (game, modified for BASIC/5).............................John Dowd

PAROL (payroll records)........................................................John Dowd

COMM (weekly sales/payroll computations)...........................John Dowd

Inverse Video in BASIC/5 (just that!)......................................Tom Digate

BASIC VDM driver fix (to work with MITS 4.0 BASIC)........Warren Saunders

Thanks, fellows!

BASIC VDM Driver Fix to Work with MITS 4.0 BASIC

This useful emendation was contributed by ACCESS reader Warren Saunders of Oakton, Virginia. Add the following

statements to BASIC and you'll be in the running!

0106 FOR Y=L TO L+416

0154 DATA 195,4000,5000,241,245,230,127,254,32,210,154

0156 DATA 1001,254,7,202,6,1000,254,13,202,47,1000

0158 DATA 254,1,202,47,1000,254,26,202,47,1000,241

0160 DATA 201,0,0,245,229,213,197

0233 DATA 254,127,194,47,1000,241,201

Note: BASIC VDM DRIVER with these changes remains compatible with previous versions of MITS BASIC.

PAROL and COMM

John Dowd told us he adapted this program to work with Sol BASIC/5 from a version found in Some Common BASIC

Programs, a book by Lon Poole and Mary Borcher. No data is stored on cassette --- only the programs. John uses them with a printer

to keep records of beauty shop income (Lynne's Carrousel of Hair Fashions in Linwood, NJ), sales analysis, employee commission

and payroll. Previous balances and sales totals are entered by keyboard from cash register tapes and payroll records. He says that

using Sol has cut the time required for these jobs from 4 hours to 45 minutes!

LIST

10 PRINT "PAYROLL PROGRAM"

30 DATA 16,33,18,76,22,143,24,182,28,220,32,297,36,355

40 DATA 15,61,18,105,22,223,25,278,28,355,32,432,36,500

50 F1=.0605

60 W2=19.2

70 W1=14.4

90 DIM F1(28)

100 FOR I=1 TO 28

110 READ F1(I)

120 NEXT I

130 PRINT %Z2%

140 PRINT "MARITAL STATUS (1=SINGLE, 2=MARRIED)"

150 INPUT S

160 PRINT "WITHHOLDING TAX EXEMPTIONS"

170 INPUT W

180 INPUT "REGULAR PAY ",R

190 INPUT "COMMISSION ",C

195 P=R+C

200 PRINT "YTD GROSS PAY"

210 INPUT Y

220 PRINT "YTD FICA"

230 INPUT Y2

240 PRINT "YTD FED. W/T"

250 INPUT Y1

260 PRINT "YTD N.J. W/T"

270 INPUT Y3

280 PRINT "YTD SUI"

290 INPUT Y4

300 PRINT "YTD NET"

310 INPUT Y5

311 O=Y-Y1-Y2-Y3-Y4

312 IF O=Y5 THEN 319

313 GOTO 130

319 P1=P1+P

320 PRINT "OPERATOR NUMBER"

330 INPUT O

340 O=P-W1*W

350 T1=0

360 FOR I=2 TO 7

370 X=2*I+14*(S-1)-1

380 IF G<=F1(X-1) THEN 460

390 IF G>F1(X+1) THEN 420

400 T1=T1+(G-F1(X-1))*F1(X-2)/100

410 GOTO 460

420 T1-T1+(F1(X+1)-F1(X-1))*F1(X-2)/120

430 NEXT I

440 T1=T1+(G-F1(X+1))*F1(X)/100

450 T1=T1+(G-F1(X+1))*F1(X)/100

460 T2=0

470 T2=INT((P*F1)*100+.5)/100

480 T3=0

481 T3=INT((P-W*W2)*2.2+.5)/100

482 IF T3>=0 THEN 489

483 T3=0

489 T4=0

490 T4=INT(P+.5)/100

495 T1=INT((T1*100)+.5)/100

500 N=P-T1-T2-T3-T4

510 PRINT "OPERATOR NUMBER",O

520 PRINT "GROSS PAY",P

530 PRINT "FICA",T2

540 PRINT "FED W/T",T1

550 PRINT "N.J. W/T",T3

560 PRINT "SUI",T4

570 PRINT "NET PAY",N

571 T6=T6+T1: T5=T5+T2: T7=T7+T3: T8=T8+T4: N1=N1+N

580 Y2=Y2+T2

590 Y1=Y1+T1

600 Y3=Y3+T3

610 Y4=Y4+T4

620 Y5=Y5+N

630 Y=Y+P

631 PRINT "YTD GROSS",Y

632 PRINT "YTD FICA",Y2

633 PRINT "YTD FED W/T",Y1

634 PRINT "YTD N.J. W/T",Y3

635 PRINT "YTD SUI",Y4

636 PRINT "YTD NET PAY",Y5

640 SET 0=2

642 PRINT TAB(5);"REGULAR PAY";TAB(25);R This section prints out a

644 PRINT TAB(5);"COMMISSION";TAB(25);C slip for each operator showing

646 PRINT TAB(5);"GROSS PAY";TAB(25);P reg pay, commission, gross pay,

648 PRINT TAB(5);"FICA";TAB(25);T2 deductions, net pay.

650 PRINT TAB(5);"FEDERAL W/T";TAB(25);T1

652 PRINT TAB(5);"NEW JERSEY W/T";TAB(25);T3

654 PRINT TAB(5);"SUI";TAB(25);T4

656 PRINT : PRINT

658 PRINT TAB(5);"NET PAY";TAB(25);N

660 PRINT : PRINT : SET O=0

670 INPUT "AGAIN? (1=YES 0=NO)",A,

680 IF A=1 THEN 130

690 PRINT "TOTAL GROSS PAY",P1

700 PRINT "TOTAL FICA",T5 This section gives payroll totals

710 PRINT "TOTAL FED W/T",T6 for week and computes amount to

720 PRINT "TOTAL N.J. W/T",T7 be reserved for payment of payroll

730 PRINT "TOTAL SUI",T8 taxes, state & federal.

740 PRINT "TOTAL NET PAY",N1

750 R=INT((P1*2*F1)+(P1*.05)+1+T6+T7)

760 PRINT "RESERVE FOR WEEK",R

Comm

LIST

50 INPUT "YTD SALES",G

75 INPUT "YTD SALARIES",P9

100 INPUT "MONDAY TOTALS ",M1,M2,M3,M4,M5,M6 -- Cash register totals for day.

110 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? ( 1,YES 0,NO )"

120 INPUT E

130 IF E=1 THEN 100

150 M=M1+M2+M3+M4+M5+M6

160 PRINT %Z2%

200 PRINT M1;M2;M3;M4;M5;M6,M

300 INPUT "TUESDAY TOTALS ",T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6

312 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? (1,YES 0,NO )"

320 INPUT E

330 IF E=1 THEN 300

400 T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5+t6

500 PRINT T1;T2;T3;T4;T5;T6,T

600 INPUT "WEDNESDAY TOTALS ",W1,W2,W3,W4,W5,W6

610 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? (1,YES 0,NO )"

620 INPUT E

630 IF E=1 THEN 600

700 W=W1+W2+W3+W4+W5+W6

800 PRINT W1;W2;W3;W4;W5;W6,W

900 INPUT "THURSDAY TOTALS ",H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6

910 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? (1,YES 0,NO )"

920 INPUT E

930 IF E=1 THEN 900

1000 H=H1+H2+H3+h4+H5+H6

1100 PRINT H1;H2;H3;H4;H5;H6,H

1200 INPUT "FRIDAY TOTALS ",F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6

1210 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? (1,YES 0,NO )"

1220 INPUT E

1230 IF E=1 THEN 1200

1300 F=F1+F2+F3+F4+F5+F6

1400 PRINT F1;F2;F3;F4;F5;F6,F

1500 INPUT "SATURDAY TOTALS "S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6

1510 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? ( 1,YES 0,NO )"

1520 INPUT E

1530 IF E=1 THEN 1500

1600 S=S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6

1700 PRINT S1;S2;S3;S4;S5;S6,S

1800 INPUT "DAYS WORKED ",D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6

1810 PRINT "ENTRY ERROR? ( 1,YES 0,NO )"

1820 INPUT

1830 IF E=1 THEN 1800

1900 PRINT "DAYS WORKED ";D1;D2;D2;D4;D5;D6

2000 B1=M1+T1+W1+H1+F1+S1

2100 B2=M2+T2+W2+H2+F2+S2 -- Each operator's weekly sales total computed

2200 B3=M3+T3+W3+H3+F3+S3

2300 B4=M4+T4+W4+H4+F4+S4

2400 B5=M5+T5+W5+H5+F5+S5

2500 B6=M6+T6+W6+H6+F6+S6

2600 B=B1+B2+B3+B4+b5+B6 -- Overall weekly total

2700 G=G+B -- New YTD total

2800 C1=INT(((B1-(D)*44))*100)/4)/100 C1-C6-Operator's Commission

2810 IF C1>=0 THEN 290O

2820 C1=0

2900 C2=INT(((B2-(D2*40))*100)/4)/100

2910 IF C2>=0 THEN 3000

2920 C2=0

3000 C3=INT(((B3-(D3*44))*100)/4)/100

3010 IF C3>=0 THEN 3100

3020 C3=0

3100 C4=INT(((B4-(D4*44))*100)/4)/100

3110 IF C4>=4 THEN 3200

3120 C4=0

3200 C5=INT(((B5-(D5*44))*100)/4)/100

3210 IF C5>=0 THEN 3300

3220 C5=0

3300 C6=INT(((B6-(D6*44))*100/4)/100

3310 IF C6>=0 THEN 3400

3320 C6=0

3400 C=C1+C2+C3+C4+C5+C6

3500 P1=C1+(D1*22)

3689 P2=C2+(D2*20)

3708 P3=C3+(D3*20) -- Each operator's pay for week

3800 P4=C4+(D4*22)

3900 P5=C5+(D5*22)

4000 P6=C6+(D6*22)

4100 P0=P2+P3+P4+P5+P6 -- Total pay for week excluding operator#1--my wife

4200 P=P0+(.12*P0) -- Total pay & employer taxes (approximate)

4300 R=INT((P/B)*100)

4400 R1=INT((B1/B)*100)

4500 R2=INT((B2/B)*100)

4600 R3=INT((B3/B)*100)

4700 R4=INT((B4/B)*100) -- % of total sales done by each operator

4800 R5=INT((B5/B)*100)

4900 R6=INT((B6/B)*100)

5100 PRINT "ENTER CUSTOMER COUNT (I-VI)" Enter # of customers served by each

5200 INPUT L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6 operator

5300 PRINT L1;L2;L3;L4;L5;L6

5400 K1=K1+L1: K2=K2+L2: K3=K3+L3: K4=K4+L4: K5=K5+L5: K6=K6+L6

5600 K=K1+K2+K3+K4+K5+K6 -- Total customers

5700 Ll=INT((K1/K)*100): L2=INT((K2/K)*100): L3=INT((K3/K)*100) % of customers

5800 L4=INT((K4/K)*100): L5=INT((K5/K)*100): L6=INT((K6/K)*100) served by each

5900 A=INT((B/K)*100)/100 Average $ val. of sale per customer operator.

5940 IF K1>0 THEN 6000

5950 A1=0: GOTO 6005

6000 A1=INT((Bl/K1)*100)/100

6005 IF K2>0 THEN 6010

6006 A2=0: GOTO 6015

6010 A2=INT((B2/K2)*100)/100

6015 IF K3>0 THEN 6020 Each operator's average S val. of sale

6016 A3=0: GOTO 6025 per customer

6020 A3=INT((B3/K3)*100)/100

6025 IF K4>0 THEN 6030

6026 A4=0: GOTO 6035

6030 A4=INT((B4/K4)*100)/100

6035 IF K5>0 THEN 6040

6036 A5=0: GOTO 6045

6040 A5=INT((B5/K5)*100)/100

6045 IF K6>0 THEN 6050

6046 A6=0: GOTO 6055

6050 A6=INT((B6/K6)*100)/100

6100 SET 0=2 Output to expandor printer by parallel port

6200 PRINT " I II III IV V VI TOT"

6300 PRINT TAB(1);M1;TAB(8);M2;TAB(17);M3;TAB(28);M4;TAB(38);M5;TAB(46);M6,

6400 PRINT TAB(55);M

6500 PRINT TAB(1);T1;TAB(8);T2;TAB(17);T3;TAB(28);T4;TAB(38);T5;TAB(46);T6,

6600 PRINT TAB(55);T

6700 PRINT TAB(1);W1;TAB(8);W2;TAB(17);W3;TAB(28);W4;TAB(38);W5;TAB(46);W6,

6800 PRINT TAB(55);W

6800 PRINT TAB(1);H1;TAB(8);H2;TAB(17);H3;TAB(28);H4;TAB(38);H5;TAB(46);H6,

7000 PRINT TAB(55);H

7100 PRINT TAB(1);F1;TAB(8);F2;TAB(17);F3;TAB(28);F4;TAB(38);F5;TAB(46);F6,

7200 PRINT TAB(55);F

7300 PRINT TAB(1);S1;TAB(8);S2;TAB(17);S3;TAB(28);S4;TAB(38);S5;TAB(46);S6,

7400 PRINT TAB(55);S

7450 PRINT

7500 PRINT TAB(0);B1;TAB(8);B2;TAB(17);B3;TAB(28);B4;TAB(38);B5;TAB(46);B6,

7600 PRINT TAB(55);B

7700 PRINT "COMMISSIONS"

7800 PRINT TAB(0);C1;TAB(8);C2;TAB(17);C3;TAB(28);C4;TAB(38);C5;TAB(46);C6

7820 PRINT " INDIVIDUAL SALARIES INCLUDING COMMISSION."

7830 PRINT TAB(0);P1;TAB(8);P2;TAB(17);P3;TAB(28);P4:TAB(38);P5;TAB(46);P6

7840 PRINT " TOTAL PAY INCLUDING TAXES PERCENT OF INCOME"

7900 PRINT TAB(30);P,: PRINT TAB(55);R;"%"

7950 PRINT "PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL BUSINESS DONE BY EACH OPERATOR."

8000 PRINT TAB(0);R1;TAB(8);R2;TAB(17);R3;TAB(28);R4;TAB(38);R5;TAB(46);R6

8100 PRINT " I II III IV V VI "

8200 PRINT "PERCENTAGE OF WEEK'S CUSTOMERS SERVED BY EACH OPERATOR."

8300 PRINT TAB(0);L1;TAB(8);L2;TAB(17);L3;TAB(28);L4;TAB(38);L5;TAB(46);L6

8400 PRINT "OPERATOR'S AVERAGE SALE PER CUSTOMER"

8500 PRINT TAB(0);A1;TAB(8);A2;TAB(17);A3;TAB(28);A4;TAB(38);A5;TAB(46);A6

8600 PRINT "SHOP'S AVERAGE SALE PER CUSTOMER"

8700 PRINT TAB(8);A

8710 PRINT "OPERATOR'S % OF SALARY TO SALES"

8715 IF Bl>0 THEN 8720

8716 V1=0: GOTO 8721

8720 V1=INT(((P1+(.12*P1))/B1)*100):

8721 IF B2>0 THEN 8725 Compute each operator's % of salary

8722 V2=0: GOTO 8730 paid to sales for week.

8725 V2=INT(((P2+(.12*P2))/B2)*100)

8726 IF B3>0 THEN 8730

8727 V3=0: GOTO 8731

8730 V3=INT(((P3+(.12*P3))/B3)*100):

8731 IF B4>0 THEN 8735

8732 V4=0: GOTO 8736

8735 V4=INT(((P4+(.12*P4))/B4)*100)

8736 IF B5>0 THEN 8740

8737 V5=0: GOTO 8741

8740 V5=INT(((P5+(.12*P5))/B5)*100):

8741 IF B6>0 THEN 8745

8742 V6=0: GOTO 8750

8745 V6=INT(((P6+(.12*P6))/B6)*100)

8750 PRINT TAB(0);V1;TAB(8);V2;TAB(17);V3;TAB(28);V4;TAB(38);V5;TAB(46);V6

9000 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT

9100 P9=P9+P

9200 R0=INT(((P9/6)*100)+.5) %salaries/sales YTD

9300 PRINT "YTD SALES",G

9400 PRINT "YTD SALARIES",P9

9500 PRINT "YTD PERCENT OF SALARIES/SALES",RO;"%"

9550 SET O=0

9600 END

Hammurabi

LIST

80 PRINT "TRY YOUR HAND AT GOVERNING ANCIENT SUMERIA"

85 PRINT "SUCCESSFULLY FOR A 10 YEAR TERM OF OFFICE.": PRINT

90 LET D1=0: LET P1=0

100 LET Z=0: LET P=95: LET S=2800: LET H=3000: LET E=H-S

110 LET Y=3: LET A=H/Y: LET I=5: LET Q=1

210 LET D=0

215 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "HAMURABI: I BEG TO REPORT TO YOU,": LET Z=Z+1

217 PRINT "IN YEAR";Z;",";D;" PEOPLE STARVED,";I;" CAME TO THE CITY."

218 LET P=P+I

227 IF Q>0 THEN 230

228 LET P=INT(P/2)

229 PRINT "A HORRIBLE PLAGUE STRUCK! HALF THE PEOPLE DIED."

230 PRINT "POPULATION IS NOW",P,

232 PRINT "THE CITY NOW OWNS";A;" ACRES."

235 PRINT "YOU HARVESTED";Y;" BUSHELS PER ACRE."

250 PRINT "RATS ATE";E;" BUSHELS."

253 PRINT "YOU NOW HAVE";S;" BUSHELS IN STORE.": PRINT

270 IF Z=11 THEN 860

310 LET C=INT(10*RND(0)): LET Y=C+17

312 PRINT "LAND IS TRADING AT";Y;" BUSHELS PER ACRE."

320 PRINT "HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO BUY?";

321 INPUT Q: IF Q<0 THEN 850

322 IF Y*Q<=S THEN 330

323 GOSUB 710

324 GOTO 320

330 IF Q=0 THEN 340

331 LET A=A+Q: LET S=S-Y*Q: LET C=0

334 GOTO 400

340 PRINT "HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO SELL?";

341 INPUT Q: IF Q<0 THEN 350

342 IF Q<A THEN 350

343 GOSUB 720

344 GOTO 340

350 LET A=A-Q: LET S=S+Y*Q: LET C=0

400 PRINT

410 PRINT "HOW MANY BUSHELS DO YOU WISH TO FEED YOUR PEOPLE?";

411 INPUT Q

412 IF Q<0 THEN 850

420 IF Q<=S THEN 430

421 GOSUB 710

422 GOTO 410

430 LET S=S-Q: LET C=1: PRINT

440 PRINT "HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO PLANT WITH SEED?";

441 INPUT D: IF D=0 THEN 511

442 IF D<0 THEN 850

445 IF D<=A THEN 450

446 GOSUB 720

447 GOTO 440

450 IF INT(D/2)<S THEN 455

452 GOSUB 710

453 GOTO 440

455 IF D<10*P THEN 510

460 PRINT "BUT YOU HAVE ONLY";P;" PEOPLE TO TEND THE FIELDS. NOW THEN,"

470 GOTO 440

510 LET S=S-INT(D/2)

511 GOSUB 800

515 LET Y=C: LET H=D*Y: LET E=0

521 GOSUB 800

522 IF INT(C/2)<>C/2 THEN 530

525 LET E=INT(S/C)

530 LET S=S-E+H

531 GOSUB 800

533 LET I=INT(C*(20*A+S)/P/100+1)

540 LET C=INT(Q/20)

542 LET D=INT(10*(2*RND(0)-.3))

550 IF P<C THEN 210

552 LET D=P-C: IF D>.45*P THEN 560

553 LET Pl=((Z-1)*P1+D*100/P)/Z

555 LET P=C: LET D1=D1+D: GOTO 215

560 PRINT :PRINT "YOU STARVED";D" PEOPLE IN ONE YEAR!!!"

565 PRINT "DUE TO YOUR EXTREME MISMANAGEMENT YOU HAVE NOT ONLY"

566 PRINT "BEEN IMPEACHED AND THROWN OUT OF OFFICE, BUT YOU HAVE"

567 PRINT "ALSO SEEN DECLARED 'NATIONAL FINK!!": GOTO 990

710 PRINT "HAMURABI, THINK AGAIN. YOU HAVE ONLY"

711 PRINT S;" BUSHELS OF GRAIN. NOW THEN,"

712 RETURN

720 PRINT "HAMURABI: THINK AGAIN. YOU OWN ONLY";A;" ACRES. NOW THEN,"

730 RETURN

800 LET C=INT(RND(0)*5)+1

801 RETURN

850 PRINT : PRINT "HAMURABI: I CANNOT DO WHAT YOU WISH."

855 PRINT "GET YOURSELF ANOTHER FLUNKY!!!!"

857 GOTO 880

860 PRINT "IN YOUR 10 YEAR TERM OF OFFICE,";P1;" PERCENT OF THE"

862 PRINT "POPULATION STARVED PER YEAR ON AVERAGE, I.E., A TOTAL OF"

865 PRINT D1;" PEOPLE DIED!!": LET L=A/P

870 PRINT "YOU STARTED WITH 10 ACRES PER PERSON AND ENDED WITH"

875 PRINT L;" ACRES PER PERSON.": PRINT

880 IF P1>33 THEN 565

885 IF L<7 THEN 565

890 IF P1>10 THEN 940

892 IF L<9 THEN 940

895 IF P1>3 THEN 960

896 IF L<10 THEN 960

900 PRINT "A FANTASTIC PERFORMANCE!!! CHARLEMAGNE, DISRAELI, AND"

905 PRINT "JEFFERSON COMBINED COULD NOT HAVE DONE BETTER!": GOTO 990

940 PRINT "YOUR HEAVY-HANDED PERFORMANCE SMACKS OF NERO AND IVAN IV."

945 PRINT "THE PEOPLE (REMAINING) FIND YOU AN UNPLEASANT RULER, AND,"

950 PRINT "FRANKLY, HATE YOUR GUTS!": GOTO 990

960 PRINT "YOUR PERFORMANCE COULD HAVE BEEN SOMEWHAT BETTER, BUT"

965 PRINT "REALLY WASN'T BAD AT ALL.";INT(P*.8*RND(0));" PEOPLE WOULD"

970 PRINT "DEARLY LIKE TO SEE YOU ASSASSINATED BUT WE ALL HAVE OUR"

975 PRINT "TRIVIAL PROBLEMS."

990 GOTO 995

995 PRINT "SO LONG FOR NOW.": PRINT

999 END

1000 PRINT %F%

RUN

TRY YOUR HAND AT GOVERNING ANCIENT SUMERIA

SUCCESSFULLY FOR A 10 YEAR TERM OF OFFICE.

HAMURABI: I BEG TO REPORT TO YOU.

IN YEAR 1, 0 PEOPLE STARVED, 5 CAME TO THE CITY.

POPULATION IS NOW 100 THE CITY N0W OWNS 1000 ACRES.

YOU HARVESTED 3 BUSHESLS PER ACRE.

RATS ATE 200 BUSHELS.

YOU NOW HAVE 2000 BUSHELS IN STORE.

LAND IS TRADING AT 21 BUSHELS PER ACRE.

HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO BUY?

?10

HOW MANY BUSHELS DO YOU WISH T0 FEED YOUR PEOPLE?

?2000

HOW MANY ACRES D0 YOU WISH TO PLANT WITH SEED?

? 999

HAMURABI: I BEG TO REPORT TO YOU.

IN YEAR 2, 0 PEOPLE STARVED, 3 CAME TO THE CITY.

A HORRIBLE PLAGUE STRUCK! HALF THE PEOPLE DIED.

POPULATION IS NOW 51 THE CITY NOW OWNS 1010 ACRES.

YOU HARVESTED 1 BUSHELS PER ACRE.

RATS ATE 45 BUSHELS.

YOU NOW HAVE 1045 BUSHELS IN STORE.

LAND IS TRADING AT 23 BUSHELS PER ACRE.

HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO BUY?

HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO SELL?

?10

HOW MANY BUSHELS D0 YOU WISH TO FEED YOUR PEOPLE?

?500

HOW MANY ACRES DO YOU WISH TO PLANT WITH SEED?

?1010

HAMURABI: THINK AGAIN. YOU OWN ONLY 1000 ACRES. NOW THEN,

HOW MANY ACRES D0 YOU WISH TO PLANT WITH SEED?

?1000 BUT YOU HAVE ONLY 51 PEOPLE TO TEND THE FIELDS. NOW THEN,

HOW MANY ACRES D0 YOU WISH TO PLANT WITH SEED?

?500

YOU STARVED 26 PEOPLE IN ONE YEAR!!!

DUE TO YOUR EXTREME MISMANAGEMENT YOU HAVE NOT ONLY

BEEN IMPEACHED AND THROWN OUT OF OFFICE, BUT YOU HAVE

ALSO BEEN DECLARED 'NATIONAL FINK'!!

SO LONG FOR NOW.

SOL BASIC5

READY

Inverse Video in BASIC 5

10 REM * SOL VDM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

20 REM * THIS PROGRAM WILL DEMONSTRATE

30 REM * HOW TO USE THE ESCAPE SEQUENCES IN

40 REM * THE SOLOS VDM DRIVER.

50 REM * WRITTEN BY TOM DIGATE

55 REM * DECEMBER, 1977

60 REM

7J REM * INITIALIZE THE MESSAGE DATA TABLE

80 DATA 201,238,246,229,242,244,229,228

90 DATA 160,214,233,228,229,239

91 REM * INITIALIZE VDMOUT DRIVER ADDRESS AND

92 REM * SHIFT VARIABLE FOR ESCAPE CODES.

93 V0=49177: V1=256: V2=27: V3=5

95 DIM J(30)

100 REM * CLEAR SCREEN

110 PRINT "&K": SET S=0

120 PRINT "This is a demonstration of the capabilities of"

130 PRINT "Sol Basic5 output display formatting."

135 PRINT : PRINT

140 FOR I=1 TO 14: READ J(I): NEXT

150 REM * PRINT INVERTED MESSAGE

160 PRINT "The Sol can print in upper and lower case and"

170 PRINT "can even print ";

180 FOR I=1 TO 14

190 C=J(I): GOSUB 65010

200 NEXT I

205 PRINT "."

210 REM * GET CURSOR BACK AT COLUMN 1

220 PRINT "&[&A&A"

230 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT

240 REM * DEMONSTRATE SPEED CONTROL

250 PRINT "The Sol can even change display";

260 SET S=10: PRINT " speeds";: SET S=75: PRINT " dynamically!"

270 SET S=0

280 PRINT : PRINT "Pretty neat, huh!"

285 SET S=15

290 REM * FINISH UP DEMONSTRATION

300 REM * BY SHOWING SPECIAL CHARACTER SET

301 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "The Sol also has a special set of limited"

302 PRINT "graphics characters. They are shown below in both"

303 PRINT "regular and inverted video. This gives a Basic programmer"

304 PRINT "very good flexibility when designing display formats."

305 PRINT

306 REM * PRINT SPECIAL CHARACTER SET FOR VDM

307 SET S=0

310 FOR I=0 TO 31

320 C=I

330 GOSUB 65010

335 PRINT " ";

340 NEXT I

350 PRINT : PRINT

355 REM * PRINT SPECIAL CHARACTER SET FOR VDM IN INVERTED VIDEO

360 FOR I=0 TO 31

370 C=I+128: GOSUB 65010: C=160: GOSUB 65010

400 NEXT

410 PRINT

420 SET S=18

430 PRINT "This concludes my demonstration of special display"

440 PRINT "features available in BASIC5. Happy computing!!!"

450 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT : SET S=0

460 END

64998 REM ****************************************************

64999 REM *

65000 REM * OUTPUT INVERSE VIDEO SUBROUTINE USING SOLOS VDM

65001 REM * PASS DECIMAL VALUE OF CHARACTER

65003 REM * IN VARIABLE 'C'. NOTE- 'B' IS DESTROYED.

65004 REM *

65005 REM ****************************************************

65006 REM *

65010 B=ARG(V2*V1): B=CALL(V0): B=ARG(V3*V1): B=CALL(V0)

65020 B=ARG(C*V1): B=CALL(VO): RETURN

65025 REM *

65030 REM * THE ROUTINE ABOVE USES THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES

65040 REM * V0 =ADDRESS OF VDM DRIVER IN SOLOS

65050 REM * V1 =256 TO SHIFT CHARACTER INTO B REGISTER

65060 REM * V2 =27 FOR ESCAPE CHARACTER

65070 REM * V3 =05 FOR ESCAPE CODE TO SEND CHAR. TO SCREEN

65080 REM * WITHOUT CHANGING HIGH ORDER BIT.

Star Ship, by Brian Marsh, age 6

7100 Johnson Industrial Drive

Pleasanton, CA 94566

Bulk Rate

U. S. Postage

PAID

Permit No. 54

Pleasanton, CA 94566

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