Brl Report1115_0300 Report1115 0300

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HUGHES ADV AIRBORNE
Hughes Advanced Airborne Computer Model III

UlFACTURER

Hughes Aircraft Company

Photo by Hughe s Aircraft Company

APPLICATIONS

AR ITHMETI C UNIT

Control of aircraft and aircraft equipment. In the
specific application for which the computer was
built, it performs navigation, flight control, and
weapons control, receiving target and flight data as
inputs and generating flight and weapons control
signals as outputs. The system was developed for
the U. S. Air Force for automatic control use in
high speed aircraft.

Exclud Stor Access
Micro sec
Add time
Mult time
Div time
Construction
Rapid access word registers
Basic pulse repetition rate
Arithmetic mode
Timing

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system
Binary digits/word
Binary digitS/instruction
Binary digitS/instruction
not decoded
Instructions per word
Arithmetic system
Instruction type

HUGHES ADVANCED AIRBORNE III

Binary

Operation

17
17

200
1,700
1,700
Vacuum tubes
3
162 Kc/sec
Serial
Synchronous with
magnetic drum
Sequential

STORAGE

Media
Words
Access Microsec
Magnetic Drum
1,984
3,750 average
Magnetic Drum
8
400 average
Total capacity is 37,648 binary digits.
All programs are coded for minimal latency.

Fixed point
Modified two address

300

Photo by Highes Aircraft Company

INPUT

The arithmetic and control unit of the computer
occupies approximately 0.6 cu ft and weighs 20 Ibs.

Medium
Speed
Analog D. C. Voltage
200 micro sec
O-lOOV D. C.
other analog inputs are available. This is used
as a control computer with analog inputs and outputs;
however, paper tape is used as an additional input
medium.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

Ratio of good time to unscheduled down time is
approximately 9.
The computer is part of a complete control system.
The characteristics of the computer is determined by
the characteristics required by the system in which
it is to be used.
The flip flops and diode matrices are mounted on
individual plug-in wafers and standardized as much as
possible so that the bulk of the computer is a multiplicity of a few basic components. Etched circuits
and subminiature tubes are used throughout.

OUTPUT
Medium
Analog D. C. Voltage
O-lOOV D. C.
Other analog outputs are available. Magnetic tape
ultimately feeding a Flexowriter is used as an auxiliary output.

CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Tubes
Crystal diodes

481

I NSTAllATI ONS

3,364

Hughes Aircraft Company
Culver City, California

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer
Volume, computer

1.5 Kw

5 cu ft

30l

HUGHES ADVANCED AIRBORNE III

HUGHES 8M GU I DANG E

MANUFACTU RER

Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Departme:o.t

Hughes Ballistic Missile Guidance Computer

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

APPLICATIONS
Media
Digital
Digital
Pulsed

System is a special purpose computer for guidance
of ballistic missiles. It performs steering and
timing calculations for the missile.

STORAGE
No. of No. of
Access
Medium
Words
Digits
Microsec
M~gnetic Cores
16
280
625 max.
Wired problem constants and programming.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer
Volume, computer
Area, computer
Weight, computer

INPUT
Media
Speed
Special Digital
81.6 Kilocycles/sec
Controlled by pre-launch digital computer
Incremental Accelerometers
800 pulses/sec

HUGBES BM GUIDANCE

OUTPUT
Speed
81.6 KilOCYcle/sec To pre-launch computer
50 Pulses/sec
To missile
To missile

302

0.030 Kw
0.4 cu ft
1.1 sq ft
231bs

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include small volume, weight,
power dissipation and high reliability. All solid
state components, and replaceable subassemblies.

Estimated mean-time-to-failure is greater than
1000 hours.
Above figures based on period from Feb 59 to May 60.
Date this system passed Customer Acceptance Test:
Development Apr 59, Final Jan 60.
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Development model was operated continuously for
2200 hours with no failures.

Adopted procedures for storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature, and physiCal,
electrical, fire, or other damages include molded
polyurethene pads between subassemblies for shock
absorption and thermal conductivity.
Special purpose digital differential analyzer, fixed
programmed using "nor" logic elements. Consists of
21 logic cards, 2 clock cards, 2 input cards, 4 magnetic core cards, with redundant. etching and connectors and 1 special "shift drive and oscillator"
assembly.

303

WGHES EM GUIDANCE

HUGHES D PAT
Hu.ghes Drum Progrrumned Automatic Tester

MANUFACTU RER
Hughes Aircraf-C Company
Digital Systems Department

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

APPLICATIONS
System is used for automatic testing, checkout,
fault isolation, sequencing and control of missiles,
aircraft, vehicles, and electronic equipment.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Binary
Internal number system
Bj.nary digits/word
19
Binary digits/instruction
19
1
Instructions/word
Instructions decoded
40
Fixed point
Arithmetic system
Modified three address
Instruction type
Number range
18
(1 - 2- ) to - 1

Hughes Drum Programmed Automatic Tester

NEX'f CHANNEL

OPERATION .AND ADDITIONAL SECTORS TO
DELA.Y
DESTINATION

SECTORS
TO
DELAY

SOURCE

Automatic built-in subroutines
Operator's console scanning and branching
Visual display output
Printer output
Input selecti9n and measurement
Frequency measurement
Bulk loading from tape
Registers
4 word register for frequency and time interval
measurements
32 word register for digital and analog outputs

ARITHMETIC UNIT

OUTPUT
Speed
Media
Contact Closures
40 char/sec
1 to 10 bits/character
Transistor switches
168 microsec/char
1 to 10 bits/character
Decimal readout panel
25 millisec/char
8 decimal digits plus sign
Analog Voltages
Programmable A-C or D-C

Exclud. Store Access
Microsec.
84
Add
84!bit
Mult
84!bit
Div
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes
0
Transistors
975
Diodes
6,300
Magnetic Cores
60
Arithmetic mode
Serial
Timing
Synchronous, Computer clock pulses recorded on magnetic drum memory
Sequential
Operation
Operation

CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Tubes
Diodes (Crystal)
Transistors
Magnetic Cores

All times given in table above exclude access tj~e
to command. There are three l-word accumulators,
two 4-word circulating registers, one 16-word circulating register, and two 32-word circulating registers. The two's complement system of arithmetic
is used.

CHECKI NG FEATURES
Set of diagnostic test routines
Subunit checking facilities
Single order simulation with toggle switching
Partial program

STORAGE
Access
Media
Microsec
Magnetic Drum
84 - 26,880
Magnetic Core
3
84
Magnetic Drum
8
84 - 336
Magnetic Drum
16
84 - 1,344
Magnetic Drum
64
84 - 2,688
All stored words are 19 binary digits

INPUT

5,400
1,800
60
". r'

No. of
Words
40,640

Media
Analog Voltages
A-C and D-C voltages
Pulse and Analog Volt
Frequency measurements
Off-On Signals
Decimal Keyboard
Paper Tape Reader
Magnetic Drum Loading

Quantity

Type

Built-in test and maintenance equipment. Selftest program stored in memory to provide complete
verification and fault isolation.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer
0.3 Kw
Volume, computer
68 cu ft
Area, computer
17 sq ft
Weight, computer
1,800 lbs
No special site preparations required.
3-phase, 4-wire, 400 cps power required.

Speed
6000 samples/sec

A 120/208,

0.1 cps to 1 Mcps
6000 samples/sec
Manual

400 char/sec

305

Hug.lJ.es Drum Programmed Automatic Tester

HUGHES

DIGITAIR

Hughes Digital Airborne Computer

MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

APPLICATIONS
Computer is used for real-time computing and control in complex aircraft systems. The computer includes extensive analog and digital input-output
capability. In the application for which it was
designed, the computer performs automatic aircraft
control, navigation, attack steering, weapon control,
intercept computation, data-link processing, and
automatic system testing, for Air Force interceptors.
In this application, the program and input-output
are closely integrated with other electronic and
mechanical portions of the system.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system
Number binary digits/word
Number binary digits/instruction
Number instructions/word
Arithmetic system
Instruction type
Number range

address of next order

306

Fixed point
Three address
X-Modified
- 1 to (+ 1 _ 2-17 )

Instruction word format

9 bits - relative

HUGHES DIGI'r.Am.

Binary

17
17

4 bits-source 4 bits-destination for
for data
data transfer
transfer
8 bits - instruction other
than data transfer

925008
925010
9250ll
Diodes are Hughes type
Transistors
Magnetic Cores

Automatic built-in subroutines include input conversion (analog, digital data link) and output conversion (analog, digital) (independent of program).
Automatic coding includes conversion from mnemonic
code to memory-loading tapes and program documents,
via punched-card machinery. System is normally programmed in minimum-latency fashion.
Registers and B-boxes include 3 one-word registers,
2 multiword circulating registers for fast-access
storage, 1 multiword circulating register for outputs, and 1 multiword circulating register for data
link.

Add
Mult
Div

Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec
Microsec
210
105
variable-105 + 105!bit 105 per bit-variable
variable-105 + 105!bit 105 per bit-variable

Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes
182
Transistors
None
Condenser-Diodes
1,926
Magnetic Cores
51
Arithmetic mode
Serial

Checking features include a fully automatic selftest program, remotely initiatable, making use of
built-in self-test features. Semi-automatic diagnostic program diagnoses faults to one or two units.
External equipment (ground-based) used for detailed
diagnosis in conjunction with semi-automatic diagnostic program.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
3.2 cu ft
Volume, computer
3.3 cu ft
Volume, input-output
122 lbs
Weight, computer
178 lbs
Weight, input-output
3001bs
Weight, total
System mounted in aircraft electronics racks

Computer is in large scale production
Several hundred have been produced
Several hundred are on order

No. of
Access
Digits
Microsec
17 Min latency(normal)-104
Max possible12,500
Same Same
Same

o
51

PRODUCTION RECORD

STORAGE
No. of
Media
Words
Magnetic Drum, 13,000
Pre-recorded
Magnetic Drum,
360
Variable
Magnetic Drum
22
Register
Core Shifting
3
Registers

()

CHECKI NG FEATURES

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Operation

3, 82 7

PERSONNEL REQU I REMENTS
Designed for operation and maintenance in unfavorable environments by military personnel with relatively little training.

Min latency 104
Max - 1040 or 1250
104

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
INPUT

Total system time approximately 30,000 hours to
date.
Mean time to failure approximately 60 hours, including input/output.

Media
Speed
Voltages (ac and dc)
315 microsec conversion
24 inputs, electronically switched
Pulses (Data Link)
5 KC
On-Off Signals
54 inputs, electronically switched
Inputs available to program on demand

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include the utilization of
vacuum tubes and semiconductor diodes, very high
maintainability, modified 2-address code designed
for minimum-latency programming, serial fixedpoint arithmetic, programmer can control input
selection.

OUTPUT
Media
Voltages (dc)
16 silulta~eous outputs
On-Off Signals
Relay Contacts

Speed
0.5 sec full scale slew
10 micro sec

INSTALLATIONS
Various U. S. Air Force Bases

CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Type

Tubes
6814
6021
5639
5703
5840
6110
Diodes
90125
925002

Quantity
269 Flip-flops
63 Triode Amps
33 Write Amps
18
16
10
257
147

307

HUGHES DIGlTAIR

HU GHES LRI X

MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department

Hughes LRI X Computer AN/ABG 18

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

APPLICATIONS

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM

System is used for real-time computing and control
in complex aircraft systems. Computer includes
advanced displays and extensive analog and digital
input-output capability. In the application for
which it was designed, the computer performs inertial
and non-inertial navigation, weapon control, attack
computations, data-link processing, intercept computations, and automatic fests of over-all system, for
Air Force interceptors~ In this application, the
program and input-output are closely integrated with
other electronic and mechanical apparatus in the
over-all system.

Internal number system
Binary digits/word
Binary digitS/instruction
Instruction/word
Arithmetic system
Instruction
Number range
-1 to (1 _

Binary

19
19
1

Fixed point
Modified three address
2- 18 )

Instruction word format

5 bits source
relative address of operand
No. 1
of next order

9 bits

3 bits source 2 bits
of operand
No.2 and
destination

function

This structure applies to add, subtract, input, output, clear and absolute value. Other
orders have slightly different structures.

AN/ASG 18

Hughes LRI X Computer

308

Automatic built-in subroutines include input conversion (analog, digital, incremental, data link);
output conversion (analog, digital, data link); real
time count; frequency measurement (Independent of
program).

CI RCU IT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Type
Transistors

Automatic coding includes conversion from simplified mnemonic code to memory-loading tapes and program documents, via IBM data processing machinery.

CHECKI NG FEATURES
Checking features include fully automatic self-test
program including marginaJ_ test, remotely initiatable, making use of built-in self-test featQres.
Automatic self-diagnosis to unit level. Diagnostic
program to aid more detailed diagnosis. External
ground-based test equipment for detailed diagnosis,
in conjunctioll with diagnostic program.

Registers include 4 one-word registers, 3 multiword circulating registers for fast-access storage,
2 multiword circulating registers for analog and
digital outputs, 3 multiword circulating registers
for data link processing, 1 multiword circulating
register for frequency count, and 1 multiword circulating register for incremental inputs and real
time count.
The system uses four-phase logic and is normally
programmed in minimum-latency fashion.

POWER, SPACE, WEI GHTv AND SITE PREPARATI ON
Power, computer
0.850 Kw
Volume, computer
2.1 cu ft
Volume, input-output excl displays
1.7 cu ft
Weight, computer
135 Ibs
Weight, input-output
50 Ibs
Weight, total
185 Ibs
System is mounted in aircraft

AR ITHMETI C UNIT
Add
Mult
Div

Incl. store Access
Microsec
84
variable-84 + 84/bit
variable-84 + 84/bit

Excl. Store Access
Microsec
84 (3 address code)
variable-84 per bit
variable-84 per bit

Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum tubes
none
Transistors
810
Arithmetic mode
Serial

PERSONNEL REQU I REMENTS
System is designed for operation and maintenance in
unfavorable environments by military personnel with
relatively little traininG.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

STORAGE
Media
Magnetic Drum,
Pre-recorded
Magnetic Drum,
Variable
Magnetic Drum
Registers

No. of
Words
40,960
1,280
188

Quantity
1,68 3

Access
Microsec
Minimum Latency (llOrmaJ.) 84
Maximum possible - 25,000
Same

Total system time is approximately 3000 hours to
date.
Mean-time-to-failure approximately 150 hours ~nclud
ing input-output.

Minimum Latency
84
Maximum varies 84 to 1,700

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include semiconductor circuits,
very high maintainability, modified 3-address code
designed to facilitate minimum-latency programming,
serial fixed-point arithmetic, input-output flexibly
accessible to program.

INPUT

Speed
Media
Voltages (ac and dc)
200 microsec/conversion
64 inputs, electronically switched
Pulses (incremental and
5 KC
data link)
On-Off Signals
130 inputs, electronically switched
Operator Controls (Analog
and Digital)
100 KC
Frequencies
Inputs available to program on demand.

OUTPUT

Speed
Media
Voltages (dc)
0.7 sec. full scale slew
On-Off Signals (Toggles)
100 ma., 28 V.
Shaft Positions
80 steps/second
Operator Displays
(Analog and Digital)

309

AN/ASG 18
Hughes LRI X Computer

HUGHES M 252

MANUFACTURER

HughesM-252 Digital Computer

Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department

Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company

PROGRAMMf'NG AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM

APPLICATIONS
The computer is currently bei.ng produced for use
as a guidance computer to be used in a MinneapolisHoneywell Inertial Guidance System for the Fairchild
SD-5 Surveillance Drone. In this capacity, it aligns
the platfolm, sets drift trims, performs the Schuler
tuning of the platform, navigates the drone throughout the surveillance mission, turns sensors on and
of'f, and feeds positional information to the data
processor for proper identification of photographs.
A mod.ified version of the computer is being
designed for installation in a standard relay rack
to be used as a ground based computer for space
probe guidance.

Internal number system
Binary digits/word
Binary digits/instruction
Number instructions/word
Arithmetic system
Instruction type
Number range

-1 ~ N

Binary
20
10
2

Fixed point
One-address

Instruction word format

xx
~

XXX

Operation Code

~xxxxx~:t

Right

~1 Gro~

(Second word of 2 word order when used)

Hughes M-252 Digital Computer

310

]

Next Channel

RETURN TO POSITION MONITOR

,..-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M- 262

DIGITAL COMPUTER

----------.f---.

1 - --,

L-----If----..:..=~~~~--------_l.1l
I

1------

PLATFORM HEADING

INERTIAL PLATFORM
·AND
PLATFORM

ELECTRONICS

I
~---------------------+-~--~~
CUMB ANGLE 1~___--4------J__....:1

COMPUTATION

(CORIOUS,CENTRIFUGAL
GRAVITY ANOMALY
CORRECTIONS)

--,
,

BAROMETRIC
L
PRESSURE ALTITUDE
EARTH REFERENCED
ALTI_MET_ER --,1'----+-+-;.......;;;;;.;;.;;....;.:...;..::;;.;..;,.:.;=----:__--,,----.-______-'I--'~
VELOCITIES
_

ALTITUDE RATE

·COURSE ANGLE

-'-- -- --,

1
I

L I_ _

PRECISIONTIf~E

I
I

-.J

f-1-R~A~D~IO~A~~~IT~U~D~E_ _ _ _ _ _ __f-~====::::::~~~---t---~-~-f-----~~~~~~~~~
ALTlTU~~NS;:~~ING GAIN
GEOCENTRIC
LATITUDE
AND
LONGITUDE " "

1---I GROUND BASED I
I POSITION MONITOR I

L __ _ _
TE~ME~Y SET

ALTITUDE ERROR

ALTITUDE

ANGULAR RATE
AND POSITION
COMPUTATION

POSITION INPUTS

ALTITUDE
STEERING
COMPUTATION

~"";:"'-I-.J-----....J

ll...-_I--+-T_IM..:;E...;;IN.;;.P.:,.UT'--_ _ _ _--I

L ~E~R~CE_-.J

DfSIRED
ALTITUDE

r--_+-~P..::O::::SI.:.:TI::::ON.:......;\l:.:::AL:::ID:::..-----L_________,.___--...J

CHANGE FLIGHT PLAN

~-t-+-~R~E~TU~R~N~ro~BA~S~E~-----·----+-------~

_____ --1

MEMORY
SELECTION
LOGIC

I" -- -- -- I
AUTOTHEODOUTE

L _ __ __

GRAVITY ANOMALIES

RADIO
ALTIMETER
I
L _____ -'

POSITION H~..,.G~R::::ID::_:P"""O.;::SI==TI~ON=-+----+l.I
COMPUTATION
(ZO~~~~::~ING.

'-S~S; i-.J

L- __

--~

---,
I
COM PUT ATION f--+"'<"'-'G-RI-D--.I
COURSE
DATA
ANGLE
PROCESSOR

L _

I
I

t-t-";c~;-:;;;:-;:::;:;:----t....+_T--___- - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - .

VELOCITY COMPUTATION t-t-_ _ _ _ _---1+.U_T_M_G_RI_D_VE_~_OC_IT_IE_S_
-+
.....J

RADAR
COMPLEX

~I---~-\l..!g--+---

VELOCITY INCREMENTS

----

-- -

DRIFT ANGLE
COMPUTATION

ll--+~..::~:;;;I~""~.;.;~~.:..M-EN-T--

DESIRED UTM. DESTINATION

'DESIRED
SURVEILLANCE
PATTERN
1
L-~If-------I-' __1-1-_ SURVEILLANCE

I---

INIT~~tT:~~~MENT
AND GYRO
DRIFT TRIM
COMPUTATION

DESTINATION ~
STEERING
COMPUTATION

f---

MEMORY
PRE-STORED
FUGHT PLANS

AZIMUTH
STEERING
COMMAND

cJJ~5~i~1oN If-+j~'::':'::==-'"
I

MACH REFERENCE·
TERRAIN CLEARANCE
REFERENCE

FLIGHT
CONTROL
SYSTEM

I
I

---~

8 OFF· ON OUTPUTS .....

GYRO TOROUING COMMANDS

M252 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Chart by Hughes Aircraft Company

STORAGE

Registers include 3 - 1 word register for arithmetic operation, and 1 - 10 word register for short
term temporary storage.
1 - 6 word register and 1 - 30 word register are
used for Input-Output only.
4 temporary number storage channels are used.

Access
No. of
Microsec
Medium
Words
88
Magnetic Drum
2,640
Access time is mlnlillum
An additional 14 channels of 60 words are used for
input-output registers, temporary storage, word-origin
origin track, clock pulse tracks, and spare channels.
A fixed head drum has been used in this application
for maximum reliability.

AR ITHMETI C UNIT
Incl. Stor'. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec.
Microsec.
88
Add
264
968
Mult
1141+
1936
Div
2112
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes
0
Transistors
750 Primarily 2N697, 2Nl1 32,
and 2N1253
3000
Diodes
66
Magnetic Cores
Serial
Arithmetic mode

INPUT
Remarks
Speed
Media
250 KC
2 Serial Digital
Pulses
3600 sec (max.)
3 Incremental
Program Control
6 Switching
o to 8 V
2 A-C
-8v to +8v
3 D-C
Timing Reference
400 cps
DC conversion accuracy: 0.3 percent.

311

Hughes M-252 Digital Computer

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

OUTPUT
Speed
250 KC
1800 sec
3 Incremental
10 Switching
Program Control
Continuous
11 D-C
D-C conversion accuracy

Remarks

Media

Date this system passed Customer Acceptance Test
14 April 60

1 Serial Digital

Tor~uing

-8v

Comraands

Estimated mean-time-to-failure is greater than 400
hours. The limited experience to date tends to
bear this out.

to +8V

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS

CI RCU IT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM

Outstanding features include design for 5G vibrations without isolators. Operates over temperature
range from -6~F to +185 0 F. All modules are repairable.

Quantity

Type

Tubes
Diodes
Transistors
M'3.gnetic Cores

o
4,000
1,100
66

Uni~ue system advantages includes high accuracy
navigation performance in conjunction with a high
quality inertial platform.

CHECKI NG FEATURES
to use, the computer is checked by a selftest program of 70 seconds duration.
]~rior

FUTURE PLANS

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
0.8 pf
0.46 KVA
2.13 cu ft
2.3 Ibs/min cooling
in at 1100F
Weight, system
85 Ibs
Above figures include power supply and input-output e~uipment. Central computer is 1.3 cu ft and
53 Ibs.
Computer is designed for airborne installation.
A test control unit and drum record unit are required for loading the drum and checking the computer prior to flight.
Power, system
0.37 Kw
VollDD.e, system
Capacity, air conditioner

Hughes M-252 Digital Computer

Versions of this computer have been proposed for
several applications. A contract has been received
for a relay rack version to serve as a ground based
computer for space probe guidance.

INSTALLATIONS
System is for field use in the Fairchild SD-5 Drone.

312

313

Hughes M-252 Digital Computer

IBM 305 RAMAC

MANUFACTU RER
International Business Machines Corporation

IBM 305 RAMAC Data Processing System
"Random Access Method of Accounting and Control

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation

APPLICATIONS
MamL"facturer
Inventors control, manufacturing control, billing
(invoicing and order writing), parts substitution,
payroll, hospital accounting, sales analysis, accounts
receivable, fiscal accounting, and Air Force parts
inventory and accounting.
The IBM RAMAC 305 (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) is a complete, compact data processing system built around a disk memory unit which c6nsists of 50 magnetic metal disks. The RAMAC 305 is·
designed to provide continuous, or "in-line", accouriting for all types of businesses. Data is'recorded on
or read from each side of the disks in random order
by a rapidly-moving access arm.
The disk units are
available with storage capacities of 5 million digits
and 10 mil:lion digits and may be used either singly
or in any combination of two to provide storage capacHies of 5, 10, 15 and 20 million digits.
Control .::enter of the IBM RAMAC 305 is the operator's console. The system also has arithmetical and
logical ability, punched card input, and both punched

IBM 305 RAMAC

314

card and printed output. Additional features which
may be added to this basic RAMAC for further versatility in~lude punched paper tape input, remote printing
stations, dual disk files, dual access arms, dual
system control, and faster, more flexible printing.
Letterkenny Ordnance Depot
Located in Building No.3, Letterkenny Ordnance Depot,
Chambersburg, Pa., the system is used to apply ADPS
o~ly to accomplishment of supply, stock management
and related financial accoUI).ting functions with a
view of expediting supply and pr~iding a means of
rapid expansion of activity without a proportionate
increase in personnel and equipment. Experience and
skills gained in these applications will facilitate
progressive integration of other applications utilizing the same basic system by adding relatively inexpensive disk storage units. Such applications include payroll, cost accounting, etc.
U.S.A. Louisville Medical Depot
Located at the Louisville Medical Depot, Louisville 1,
Kentucky, the system is used for stock accounting and
inventory control (Navy Single Manager), for depot
property accounting, and for Post Engineer property
accounting.

Photo by Western Electric Company
U.S.A. Mt. Rainier Ordnance Depot
Under the Director for Services, the system is used
for supply and inventory accounting and for financial
and stock fund accounting.
U.S.A. Raritan Arsenal
System is used for distribution supply, availability
editing, and F. I. A. updating and reporting.
U.S.A. Red River Arsenal
Maintenance of stock accounting and related financial
records to include daily updating of all quantitative
fields, periodic updating of pertinent data in each
record, daily processing of all type transactions
(issues, receipts, adjustments, etc.) and creating
documentation for same in punched card form.
U.S.N. Charleston Shipyard
Located in the Supply Department, fields of application include expenditure processing (processing issues
of all types, including availability tests, reorder
initiation, and attendant funds control), receipt
processing (all types of material receipts), stock
record load/unload (loading and unloading stock records
as required), obligation/planned requirement review
(cyclic review of material obligations (back orders)
and planned requirements), status read-off (to provide visible records for review as required), warehouse location load (to insert warehouse locations
into stock records), stock status reporting (to report status of items in accordance with schedules
established by supply demand control points), inventory cut-off to provide inventory cut-off and trial

315

balance cards for inventories of material, and other
miscellaneous calculating programs.
USAF 78 Fighter Wing, Hamilton AFB
Located at Base Supply, Hamilton AFB, California, the
system is used for automation of supply record keeping. Includes all transactions effecting balances,
due-in and due-outs, item records, inventory control.
Incompasses records for 46,000 line items (averages)
with 72,000 transactions per month.
USAF Hq SAC Offutt AFB
With 19 locations in the command, (sites and program
are similar), the 305 EDPS has been designed to increase dependability of supply activities in support
of SAC combat readiness through an improved mechanized
system. The design of the system provides for:
Instantaneous and positive response by on line processing.
The immediate and automatic availability of all
interchangeable assets.
The immediate and automatic availability of like
items in all weapons systems.
The immediate and automatic requisitioning of notin-stock items.
Guaranteed increased required items availability.
Accurately computed stock levels after every appropriate transaction.
Automatic stock replenishment requiSitioning.
Current and accurate stock balance consumption reports.
Provides an integrated item and monetary accounting

IBM 305 RAMAC

Photo by U. S. Army Red River Arsenal
system simultaneously updating monetary balances at
the same time item balances are updated.
The designing and progrannning of the EDPS features
the accomplishment of supply transactions with a
minimized possibility of human error. With this increased accuracy comes increased supply effectiveness
for our combat organization.
USAF 328th Fighter Group, Richards-Gebaur AFB
Located in Building 619, Richards-Gebaur Air Force
Base, Missouri, the system is used for base supply
item and dollar accounting. Maintains tbe supply
accounting and financial accounting records on a
current basis by automatically updating in accordance
with various transactions affecting these records in
accordance with Volume XVIII, AFM 67-1. By-products
of this system provide management documents containing
information needed to satisfy requirements for consumption rates, supply requirements, transaction
analysis, item location and expense distribution.
Boeing Airplane Company
Located in Boeing Warehouse No.3, Wichita, Kansas,
the system is used for maintenance of an inventory
of government furnished parts located at BoeingW'ichita.
Ford Motor Company, Transmission & Chassis Div.
System is used for payrolls and related accounting,
inventory control, production analysis and control,
product cost and cost analysis reports.

IBM 305 RAMAC

316

Ford Motor Company, Wayne
Located at the Wayne Assembly Plant, the system is
used for inventory control of productive material,
vehicle invoiCing and price labels, manufacturer's
certificate of origin, and pricing and calculations
for payment to vendors.
Sun Oil Company, Philadelphia 3
Located at 1608 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa.,
the system is used for payroll preparation, payroll
accounting, and deduction and payroll tax accounting.
Sun Oil Company, Southland Center
Located at Southland Center, Dallas, Texas, the system is used for computation of volumes of natural
gas produced, used, and disposed of and valuing, taxing, and accounting for proceeds for natural gas and
natural gas liquids, including disbursement of proceeds to all interested parties.
Western Electric Company, Aurora
Located at the Montgomery Shops, Aurora, Ill., the
system is used for inventory and production control
of relay manufacture, including scheduling relays,
components and raw material reqUirements, input,
billing and investment control of relay accounting.
Western Electric Gen Frog Camm New York
Located at 222 Broadway, New York, the system is used
to process customers' orders and enter such orders
on appropriate sources of supply. It also maintains
records of purchase contract balances.

v.,

Western Electric Co., Tel. Sales Di
New York
Located at 61 Broadway, 4th Floor, New York 6, New
York, this computer is used to develop programs prior
to the installation of similar RAMAC Systems in the
Distributing Houses (Regional Warehouses and repair
shops). The primary application is inventory control
including billing, maintaining stock balances, ordering, receiving and vouchering; all on an inline basis.
Shop costing, shop scheduling payroll and headquarters
reporting are batch processed. This computer has been
used to develop and test the Dataphone III Transmission System. MOnthly operating statistics from all
the Distributing Houses are verified and summarized
for printed monthly reports.
Western Electric, Winston-Salem
The system is used for production control, including
inventory control, machine load, material movement,
order requirements and schedule, and shop orders.
Georgia State College of Bus. Admn.
Located at 33 Gilmer St., S. E., Atlanta 3, Georgia,
the machine is used in faculty research and in the
teaching of programming methods.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system
Binary coded alphanum
Alphanumeric char/record
. Up to 100
Alphanumeric char/instruction 10
Instruction/Process Drum Track 10
Instructions decoded
200 on 10 tracks, std.
Arithmetic system
Fixed point
ADD-SUBTRACT-MULTIPLY-DIVIDE
By program sub-routine
Floating point
Two address
Instruction type
Gontrol panel logic (stored program) also.
Number range
Decimal
9
Instruction word format

°-

FROM

NO. CHAR.

CONTROL

Automatic coding includes the RAMAC Symbolic Assembly Program.

AR ITHMETI C UNIT
Incl Stor Access
Microsec
Add
30,000
Mult
60,000-190,000
Div
100,000-370,000
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Quantity
Type
Tubes
21
2D21
6211
169
20
6350
124
5919
4
7044
Diodes
12
AM
Asynchronous
Timing
Sequential
Operation

317

STORAGE
Manufacturer
No. of
Words
Tracks
100 char/record
50,000 records/file
10,000,000 char with 2 files
Disk File
100 char/record
100,000 records/file
20,000,000 char with 2 files
Magnetic Tape (Special Order)
No. of units that can be connected

Media
Process Drum
Disk File

Access
Microsec
10,000
600,000 avg.
600,000 avg.

3 Units 729-1
4 Units 727
No. of char/linear inch of tape
200 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape
7 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record
0.75 Inches
Tape speed
75 Inches/sec
Transfer rate
15,000 Char/sec
Start time
10 Millisec
Stop time
10 Mill1sec
Average time for experienced
90 Seconds
operator to change reel of tape
Physical properties of tape
Width
0.498 Inches
Length of reel
2,450 Feet
Composition
Mylar base
Connects through 1901 Tape Control Unit (Special
Order) •
USA LOD
Medium
No. of Char
Access Microsec
Disk Storage
30,000,000
30,000
20 program tracks, 10 working tracks, 4 input-output tracks and 1 accumulator track per processing
unit (two units); 3 type 350 double density files.
USA Medical Depot
Magnetic Disk
10,000,000
Track to track access time same disk 100,000 25,000 microseconds.
Disk to disk access time 400,000 - 800,000 microsec.
USA Mt Rainier Ord D
Medium
No. of Words No. of Digits
Magnetic Disk Memory
200,000
20,000,000
5 - 10 seconds required per transaction.
100 characters to a record, twenty 100 character
records on each 100 tracks on each 50 disks.
USA Raritan
Access
Medium
No. of Words No. of Char
Micro sec
Magnetic Disk (2) 100,000 ea
10,000,000 ea 600,000
Magnetic Drum (2)
200 ea
2,000 ea
Magnetic drum used for storing program and processing data.
Magnetic disk used primarily for bulk storage.
Both disk units under control of console A and B.
This is dual control and dual access.
USA Red River Arsenal
Disk Files
300,000
4,000 avg.
30,000,000
High Speed Magnetic
300
300 avg.
3,000
Drum
Each record stored consist of 100 digits each.

IBM 305 RAMAC

Access
Hamil ton AFB
Medium
No. of Char
Microsec
Magnetic Disk
5,000,000
500
50 disks has 100 tracks each of which is divided
into ten 100 character records. This provides 5
million characters of storage or 50,000 addressable
records.
Access
Offutt AFB
Media
Alphanum Char
Microsec
Disk File
10,000,000
600,000
Core
100
5,000
Magnetic Drum
3,300
5,000
USAF Richards-Gebaur AFB
Medium
No. of Char
Access Microsec
600,000
Disk File
5,000,000
Boeing, Wichita
Disk
5,000,000
600,000
Drum
There are 34 tracks on the drum (19 program tracks,
E3 working or storage tracks, 2 accumulator tracks,
1 typewriter track, 1 punch output track, 1 printer
output track, 1 multiplicand track and 1 input track).
WE Winston-Salem
No. of
Access
Micro sec
Medium
Records
No. of Char
Magnetic Disk
600,000
200,000
20,000,000

Offutt AFB
Medium
Speed
Card
125 cards/min
USAF Richards-Gebaur AFB
Cards
125 cardS/min
This speed is maximum and will decrease depending
on type of proceSSing being accomplished.
WE TSD New York
380 Card Reader
125 cards/min, max.
797 Card Reader-Punch 120 cardS/min, max.
This machine is an adapted 537 Reader Punch of IBM
650 System. The 797 is a combination card reader and
punch. This machine moves the cards to various stations in a parallel motion. The machine has 2 sets
of read brushes, punch, and a punch read brush station for checking.

OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Card
100 cards/min
Printer
150 lines/min
29-84 lines/min
Typewriter 10 Char/sec
Card

INPUT
Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Cards
125 cards/min 380 Console Card Reader
Paper Tape
20 char/sec
382 Paper Tape Reader
Card
125 cards/min 797 Card Read Punch
:enquiry Input
Variable
380 - 381 Keyboard
Magnetic Tape
15 Kc
727, 729 I Tape Unit
(Special Order)
USA LOD
Card Reader (2) 125 card/min, ea. 2 type 380 consoles
USA Medical Depot
Punched Card
125 card/min, max
Card speed depends on application under control of
program.
USA Mt Rainier Ord D
Additions
5 sec
300 lines
Heceipt
5 sec
500 lines
Adjustments
5 sec
300 lines
:Issues
9 sec
1,500 - 2,500 lines
Receipts and adjustments 300 program steps.
Financial inventory accounting 1,150 steps.
Customer demands 550 steps.
File maintenance 900 steps.
USA Raritan
Gards
125 cards/min Card Reader on Console A
Cards
125 cards/min Card Reader on Console B
USA Red River Arsenal
Punched Cards
250 cardS/min
Two card readers, 125 cardS/min each.
USN CNS
Cards
12 5 cards/min, maximum
Hamilton AFB
Card-Mainline 18.4 sec/trans
46,639 transactions
Routine
Card-File
7.6 sec
26, 516 transactions
Maintenance
Card-Stock
2.2 sec
26,397 transactions
Leveling
Card-Requi7.8 sec
26,711 transactions
sitioning
Each routine has a different input speed. Examples
are given are the most frequently used and speeds and
transactions are averages.

IBM 305 RAMAC

318

125 cards/min

323
407
370
381
380
797

Card Punch
RI-R2 Printer
Printer
Remote Printing Station
Console Typewriter
Card Read-Punch (Special Order)
727, 729 I Tape Unit

Magnetic
15 Kc
Tape (Special Order)
USA LOD
Medium
Speed
Card Punch (4) 100 cards/min, ea 4 type 323 Punches
Typewriter (2)
10 char/sec
USA Medical Depot
100 cards/min
Punch
Printer
150 lines/min
Typewriter
600 strokes/min
Speeds depend on application under control of program.
USA Raritan
Cards (2)
100 cards/min ea IBM 323 Card Punch
Cards (2)
100 cards/min ea IBM 323 Card Punch
Printed Document 10 Char/sec
Console-typewriter
Printed Document 10 Char/sec
Console-Typewriter
Typewriter mounted on console used largely for inquiries. There are four card punch units on line.
USA Red River Arsenal
Cards
400 cards/min
Four punch units at 100 cards/min.
USN CNS
Cards
100 cards/min, max
Printed Docu150 lines/min, max
ments
Hamilton AFB
Media
Speed
Card-Mainline
5.4 sec
160,177 transactions
Card-File Maintenance 3.8 sec
52,402 transactions
Card-Stock Leveling
3.3 sec
17,410 transactions
Card-Requisitioning 10.8 sec
19,307 transactions
Each routine used has a different output speed.
Examples given are the most frequently used and speeds
and transactions are averages.
Offutt AFB
Card Punch
100 cards/min
Printer
30-175 lines/min
Typewriter
10 char/sec
USAF Richards-Gebaur AFB
Cards
100 cards/min
Printed Listings
30 lines/min
Type Listings
6 lineS/min

Speed
Media
Boeing, Wichita
Card
100 cards/min
Printer
80 positions 30 lines/min
20 positions 83 lines/min
Typewriter
100 char/line 6 lines/min
Ford MOtor Company
Cards
100 cards/min
Printed Document
150 lines/min
(407)
Printed Document
60 lines/min
(Typewriter)
Ford, Wa;yne
Card (Type 323)
100 cards/min
Printer (Type 370)
Printer (Type 407)
105 lines/min
Summary Punch (Type
2 cards/min
523)
(Dependent upon application)
The 407 and 523 are added on line, but not used
for all applications performed on the RAMAC.
SUNOCO Philadelphia
Printed Page
150 lines/min IBM 407 on line
Typed Page
RAMAC 305 Typewriter
Punched Card
100 cards/min
SUNOCO Southland Center
Punched Cards
100 cards/min
Stick Printer
30 to 80 lineS/min
Typewriter
10 Char/sec
WE Aurora
Card
100 cards/min
Printer (80 positions) 29 lines/min
WE GPC New York
Type 323 Card Punch 100 cards/min
Type 370 Printer
29 lines/min
Type 407 Printer
150 lines/min
WE TSD New York
797 Card Reader-Punch 120 cards/min
323 Punch
100 cards/min
380 Typewriter
10 Char/sec
Typewriter format control is pOSSible, but infrequently used.
WE Winston-Salem
Cards
100 cards/min
Printer
125 lines/min
Georgia State
Card
100 cards/min
Printer
83 lines/min (20 positions)
Printer
30 lines/min (80 positions)
Typewriter
10 Char/sec

CHECKI NG FEATURES
Manufacturer
Built-in checking features include parity (odd bit)
on all internal data transfers and printing, input
from cards by two readings, and input from paper tape
by count of data punches by record (T.C.C.C.).
Programmed checks include control to pre-established totals, comparing addresses and part numbers in
program, and arithmetic proof factors and reverse
arithmetic in program.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT p AND SITE PREPARATION

CI RCU IT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Type
Tubes
6211
6350
5919
7044
2D21
5965
Diodes

Quantity

AB
AD
AM
AL
F

1,054
81
626
72
205
6
13
2

112

275

Magnetic Cores
14
Selenium Rectifiers

100
360

Germanium Rectifiers

(IBM PiN 315903 (For stacks
of 10)
IBM PiN's 2100111, 2100110,
2100119, 2114085, 2100108,
512073.
319

Manufacturer
Power, computer
12.6 KVA
Area, computer
370 sq ft
Room size, computer
18 ft 1 in x 20 ft 4 in(min)
Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
4 Tons
Humidity not to exceed 80%. Two feet of headroom
above 350 Unit. Physical Planning Manual and assistance are available.
USA LOD
Power, computer
42.5 Kw 53.1 KVA
Power, air cond
20 Kw
14 KVA
Volume, computer
856.4 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
9,375 cu ft
Area, computer
178 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
400 sq ft
Room Size, computer
40 ft x 40 ft
1,600 sq ft
Room Size, air conditioner
25 ft x 25 ft
Floor loading
36.8 Ibs/sq ft
543 Ibs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
62.5 Tons
Weight, computer
18,484 Ibs
1,600 ft. (40 x 40 ft) were inclosed within the
Machine Accounting Services area which in itself was
an inclosure of 167 x 87. Although the entire area
was air-conditioned, additional ducts and vents were
concentrated in the computer area.
USA Medical Depot
Power, computer
16.4 KVA at 208 volts
44.9 amps at 208 volts
Volume, computer
914.4 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
48,000 cu ft
Area, computer
146.3 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
3:200 sq ft
Room size, computer
18 ft 1 in x 20 ft 4 in
Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
50 Ibs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
20 Tons
Weight, computer
8,432 Ibs
Space in same building with conventional EAM equipment was available. Wiring for 3-phase, 208 volt,
100 ampere power supply, including receptacles and a
separate transformer was installed. Air conditioning
was available; however, humidity control was added.
0
0
Temperature range is maintained at 60 to 80 F and
humidity is maintained between 40% and 60% relative.
The following components of the 20-ton air conditioner
with an evaporative condenser are operated from a
120/208 V, 3-phase, 4 wire grounded "Wye":
Electrical system refrigeration compressor motor 20 H. P.; supply air fan motor - 5 H. P.; evaporative
condenser motor - 3 H. P.; 1 zone re-heat of 18 Kw;
and 1 zone re-heat of 25 Kw.
Unit is equipped with electric control system with
humidistat controlling of coil temperature.
Thermostat controlling re-heat. Operation is checked
with recording thermcmeter and hygrometer equipped
IBM 305 RAMAC

with alarm facilities.
USA Mt Rainier Ord D
0.90 pf
Power, comlluter
34.4 KVA
0.90 pf
Power, air conditioner
29.0 Kw
Volume, computer
50.54 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner 103.68 cu ft
152.40 sq ft
Area, computer
Area, air conditioner
15.36 sq ft
Room size, computer
50 ft x 20 ft
12 ft x 12 ft (Area 2 in
Room size, air cond
car decking 2nd floor
109 Ibs/sq ft (dist load)
Floor loading
1,800 Ibs/sq ft (pressure
under greatest load)
Capacity, air conditioner
15 Tons, total (2 sys)
Weight, computer
8,299 Ibs
Weight, air conditioner
1,850 Ibs
The RAMAC room is located in one end of a frame
warehouse converted to office space. The room height
:i.s 11 ft 2 in. with a honeycomb false ceiling 9 ft
from tile floor. The room is illuminated by 428ft
flourescent tubes (strip) and has a distribution of
approximately 60 ft/candles. A unique feature is the
perforated hardboard wall which acts as the air distribution panel from the air conditioner mounted on
the second floor. The air conditioner duct system
has a 117 i.nch wide x 16 inch deep x 30 in high plenum
chamber. Aerial services is provided from three (3)
new 25 KVA XFMR's. Floor is 6 inch reinforced concrete on grade.
USA Raritan
Power, computer
40.1 Kw 44.2 KVA
0.90 pf
Power, air condi 18.9 Kw
21 KVA
0.90 pf
Volume, computer (2)
13,750 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
960 cu ft
(Dunn & Bush Package - Water)
Area, computer (2)
1,375 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
80 sq ft
Room size, computer
25 x 55 x 10 ft
Room size, air conditioner
8 x 10 x 12 ft
Floor loading
1,000 Ibs/sq ft
4,000 Ibs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
20 Tons
Weight, computer
17,500 Ibs
Weight, air conditioner
2,100 Ibs
Site preparations included existing building, masonry walls, concrete floor, and wood roof deck with
automatic water sprinkler. Leveled and tiled floor
and removed wood columns. Hung fire resistant insulated ceiling and installed duct work for air conditioning. Replaced partitions with fire resistant material.
Installed electric lighting and power, and air conditioning unit.
USA Red River Arsenal
Power, air condit
52 Kw 59.1 KVA
0.87 pf
Volume, computer
800 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
3,960 cu ft
Area, computer
160 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
330 sq ft
Room size, computer
1,200 sq ft
.Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
44 Tons
Weight, computer
19,540 Ibs
Weight, air conditioner 14,000 Ibs
Air conditioning services an additional 2,000 sq
ft of machine area.
USN CNS

Power, CODlputer
17.6 KVA 230 V. AC
Power, air conditioner
230 V. AC
Volume, computer
858 cu ft
Area, coml)Uter
143 sq ft
Room size, computer
21 ft x 25 ft
Room size, air conditioner
Ceiling mounted
IBM 305 RAMAC

320

Floor loading
125 Ibs/sq ft
CapaCity, air conditioner
10 Tons
11,065 Ibs
We:i.ght, computer
False ceiling and walls, rewired for lighting, rewired for power distribution, refloored in tile.
Hamilton AFB
Power, computer
12.6 KVA 208v, 34.5 amps
60 cycle, 3 phase, 4 wire service
Power, air conditioner
220 V. 3 phase, 60 cycle
Volume, computer
375 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
48 cu ft
Area, computer
18 ft x 20 ft
Area, air conditioner
8 sq ft
Room size, computer
24 ft x 24 ft
Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner 7 1/2 H. P.
Weight, computer
10,162 Ibs (two disk storage unit (1730 Ibs ea)
Weight, air conditioner
750 Ibs
A total of $17,616.00 was expended to prepare 24 ft
x 24 ft room for the machine, a 324 sq ft room for
key punchers, a 576 sq ft for programmers from existing facilities. Breakout of costs: Air condition
unit - $1,400, exhaust fan - $285, cooling tower $500, electrical work - $7,256, ductwork - $325,
material $4,440, and labor for the balance.
Offutt AFB
Power, computer
16.4 KVA 208v
Power, air conditioner
220V
Volume, computer
8,000 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
240 cu ft
Area, computer
800 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
24 sq ft
Room size, computer
20 ft x 40 ft
Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
50 Ibs concen max
CapaCity, air conditioner
5 Tons
8,432 Ibs
Weight, computer
Weight, air conditioner
500 Ibs
Must be enclosed in a dust free room with humidity
control not to exceed 80% relative humidity at any
time. Must have lightning arrestors, 2 4-wire branch
circuits with voltage from either a 208 or 230, 60cycle 3 phase 4-wire service line not to exceed + or
-10%.
USAF Richards-Gebaur AFB
Power, computer
15.1 KVA
Power, air condit 12.7 Kw 25.8 KVA
0.5 pf
Volume, computer
3,240 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
378 cu ft
Area, computer
1,536 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
54 sq ft
Room size, computer
20 ft 4 in x 18 ft 1 in
Room size, air conditioner
6 ft x 9 ft
Floor loading
55 Ibs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
15 Tons
8,925 Ibs
Weight, computer
Weight, air conditioner
2,250 Ibs
Air conditioning and soundproofing.
Boeing, Wichita
Power, 340 Power Unit
12.6 KVA 208 volts
Power, 350 Console
3.8 KVA 208 volts
Power, air conditioner
12.0 KVA
Volume, computer
380.46 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
68.89 cu ft
Area, computer
142.67 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
13.77 sq ft
Floor loading
50 Ibs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
10 Tons
Weight, computer
8,432 Ibs, all components
1,510 Ibs
Weight, air conditioner
The room where the RAMAC is located is a partitioned,
fireproofed division of a cement vault and provides

WE Aurora
Power, computer
11.8 Kw 15.1 KVA
0.80 pf 208V
Volume, ccmputer
3,888 cu ft
Area, computer
432 sq ft
18 ft 1 in x 20 ft 4 in
Room size, computer
Floor loading
50 lbs/sq ft
150 lbs concen max
Weight, computer
8,925lbs.
Site preparation included glass and wall partitioning, and air conditioning controls in room itself.
WE GPC New York
Power, computer
12.6 KVA
Volume, computer
1,925 cu ft
Area, computer
385 sq ft
Large room w/other equipment
Room size
Floor loading
100 lbs/sq ft
200 lbs concen max
Weight, computer
11,189 lbs
Computer will be located in building now under construction - additional power and floor loading provided during construction.
WE TSD New York
Power, computer
15.7 KVA
19.4
Overhead units
Power, air cond
(Two GE No. FCA-50)
Volume, computer
430.9 cu ft
210 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
Area, computer
92.4 sq ft
Room size, computer
24 ft x 28 ft
Floor loading
150 lbs/sq ft
1,362 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
10 Tons
Weight, computer
9,370 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
3,000 lbs
The computer is presently installed in leased space.
A move to our new building is expected in about 6
months. The two air conditioning units of 5 tons
capacity each, are suspended from the ceiling. A
temporary wooden ramp has been provided to protect
the exposed cables connecting the machines. Afeeder
cable was installed from the ground to the fourth
floor.
WE Winston-Salem
Power, computer
38.3 Kw
15 KVA
Power, air conditioner
25 KVA
Volume, computer
402.6 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner 14,400 cu ft
Area, computer
84.1 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
1,200 sq ft
Floor loading
164.5 lbs/sq ft
631 lbs concen max
CapaCity, air conditioner
12 Tons
Weight, computer
13,835 lbs
Building perimeter heating removed and insulated
sound deadening wall installed. Air handling unit
utilizing existing steam and chilled water installed.
Extensive rearrangement of personnel and electrical
telephone facilities to provide the necessary space.
Special plenums constructed over power units for heat
outtake.
Georgia State
Power, computer 9. 34 Kw
16.4 KVA
0.57 pf
Volume, computer
534 cu ft
Area, computer
161 sq ft
Room Size, computer
17 ft x 21 ft
Floor loading
52.4 lbs/sq ft
Weight, computer
8,432 lbs
Installed in exi sting building modified only to the
extent of partitioning the area so that the caQlpUter
itself occupies a separate room. Two 100 ampere circuits for system and exhaust head with 3,000 c~ ft/min
fan installed.

800 square feet of office spage. Th6 allowable temperature variation is from 50 to 90 with humidity
not exceeding 80%.
Ford MOtor Canton
Power, computer 22,000 Kw
25 KVA 220V 3 phase
Volume, computer
8,640 cu ft
Area, computer
7,200 sq ft
Room size, computer
28 ft x 42 ft
Floor loading
1.3 lbs/sq ft
100.0 lbs cone en max
Capacity, air conditioner
6 Tons Central System
Weight, computer
9,000 lbs
Electrical distributions, exhaust system and necessary fire preventive system.
Ford Wayne
Power, computer
28.8 Kw 15.1 KVA
Power, air condit 2.3 Kw
47.3 KVA
400 cu ft
Volume, computer
66.9 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
86 sq ft
Area, computer
20 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
Room size, comp & air cond
15 ft x 30 ft
Floor loading
50 lbs/sq ft
2,140 lbs concen max
8 Tons
Capacity, air conditioner
Weight, computer
8,925 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
1,050 lbs
SUNOCO Philadelphia
Power, computer
15 KVA
Volume, computer
4,000 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
140 cu ft
Area, computer
400 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
20 sq ft
Room size, computer
24 ft x 42 ft
Capacity, air conditioner
12 Tons
Weight
Lbs.
Key Punch
204
Key Punch
208
Key Punch
208
Verifier
222
Sorters
492
Collator
840 approx.
Reproducing
1,289
Tab-off-line
3,286
Tab-on-line
3,286+
Interpreter
770 approx.
RAMAC-Console
1,015
Desk Unit
2,140
Process Unit
1,945
Power
1,810
Punch (RAMAC)
760
Site preparation included sound absorbent tile on
walls, air conditioning added, and power lines added
with floor outlets.
SUNOCO Southland Center
Power, computer 9.339 Kw 16.4 KVA
0.57 pf
Volume, computer
3,200 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
248 cu ft
Area, computer
400 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
31 sq ft
Floor loading
50 lbs/sq ft
100 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 7 1/2 Tons
Weight, computer
8,925 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
750 lbs
Site preparation included electric outlets, supplemental air conditioning, and heat discharge plenums.

321

IBM 305 RAMAC

5 Addn Compg Pos, RPQ E90165
5
Character Sel Split, RPQ E90163
15
wjp Cycle Overlap, RPQ E90164
25
Latch Selectors, RPQ E90174
10
Single Dist 41 to 80, RPQ E90171
18
323 T 1rack, RPQ M86989
115
5 Blank Trans Sel Pos, RPQ 79638
5
Simult Rec Adv Pgm Adv, RPQ w86833
30
Tracks $ and *, RPQ E94512
17
Dbl Punch Blank Col Detect
8
300
Grp 4 Five Pos Co Selectors
705
5
Digit Selector
275
5
Group 5 Two Pos Pilot Select 703
10
Digit Selector
275
5
Group 5 Two Pos Pilot Select 703
10
Dbl Punch Blank Col Detect
8
300
Grp 4 Five Pos Co Selectors
705
5
Dual Access, RPQ M90487
850
Auto Address Conv, RPQ E90l70
35
Aux: Card Counter, RPQ E90162
15

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer
Time required for delivery

8 months

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Manui'acturer
Basic System
305 Processing unit
$189,950, or 3,200/month and
350 Disk Storage unit up, (printed output)
370 Printer
323 Card Punch
$167,850, or 2,875/month and
380 Console
up, (punched card output)
340 Power Supply
Details available on request.
USA LOD
$12,297 basic prime shift rental per month.
USA Medical Depot
305 Processing Unit
323 Card Punch
340 Power Supply
350 Disk Storage
380 Console
407 Printer
Total Monthly Rental Cost: $4,510/month
Additional Equipment
3 024 Card Punches
3 056 Card Verifiers
2 083 Sorters
1 077 Collator
1 088 Collator
2 519 Document Originating Machines
1 557 Interpreter
2 407 Accounting Machines
Total Monthly Rental Cost: $3, 273/month
USA Mt Rainier Ord D
Basic System
Each system $4,000/month.
Additional Equipment
Each system $2,472/month.
USA Raritan
Lot No. 1 Basic System No. 1819
Unit Price
Amount/
MOdel Type per MOnth
MOnth
RAMAC Processing
1
305
$1,250
$1;250
Unit
Card Punch
1
225
323
225
Card Punch
1
225
323
225
Disk Storage
14
1,600
1.600
350
'400
Console
1
400
380
Power Unit
1
340
325
325
$4,025

Lot No.2, Basic System No. 1820
Unit Price
MOdel Type
per Month
RAMAC Processing 1
$1,250
305
Unit
Card Punch
1
225
323
Card Punch
1
225
323
Disk Storage
13
1,550
350
Console
1
380
400
Power Unit
1
340
325
Total

Amount/
Month
$1,250
225
225
1,550
400
325
$3,975

Lot No.2, Additional Equipment System No. 1820
Unit Price
Amount/
MOdel per MOnth
MOnth
Addn Char Sel Pos
128
$ 2
$ 2
Addn Cycle Delay Units
244
10
10
Char Sel 1 Grp of 6 Spl 130
5
5
Pos
Addn Latch Selectros
722
10
30
Addn Gp Dbl Dist
284
8
8
Addn Process Tracks
610
10
20
Prog Entry Isolation
613
25
25
Program Exit Split
614
15
15
Printer Output Track
607
5
5
2nd Addn Gp Db1 Dist, RPQ E 90172
10
20
5 Addn Compg Pos, RPQ E90165
10
5
Character Sel Split, RPQ E90163
15
30
W/P Cycle Overlap, RPQ E90164
25
25
Latch Selectors, RPQ E90174
10
20
Single Dist 41 to 80, RPQ E90171
18
18
323 T Track, RPQ M86989
115
115
5 Blank Trans Sel Pos, RPQ 79638
10
5
Simult Rec Adv Pgm Adv, RPQ W86833
30
30
Tracks $ and *, RPQ E94512
17
17
Db1 Punch Blank Col Detect 300
8
48
Grp 4 Five Pas Co Selectors 705
25
5
Digit Selector
275
5
5
Group 5 Two Pas Pilot Selec 703
10
20
Digit Selector
275
5
5
Grp 5 Two Pos Pilot Select 703
10
20
Db1 Punch Blank Col Select 300
8
48
Grp 4 Five Pas Co Selectors 705
25
5
Dual Access, RPQ M90487 (E93455)
850
850
Auto Address Conv, RPQ E90168
35
35
Aux: Card Counter, RPQ E90162
15
15
Total
$1,531

Lot No. 1 Additional Equipment System No. 1819
Unit Price
Amount/
Model per MOnth
MOnth
Addn Char Sel Pos
128
$ 2
$ 2
Addn Cycle Delay Units
244
10
10
Char Sel 1 Grp of 6
130
5
5
Spl Pos
Addn Lstch Selectors
10
722
30
Addn Gp Dbl Dist
284
8
8
Addn Process Tracks
610
10
20
Frog Entry Isolation
613
25
25
Program Exi t Split
614
15
15
Printer Output Track
607
5
5
Disk Storage Control
282
80
80
(MOdel 14)
2nd Addn Gp Dbl Dist
10
20
RPQ E90172

IBM 305 RAMAC

10
30
25
20
18
115
10
30
17
48
25
5
20
5
20
48
25
850
35
15
$1,571

322

USA Red River Arsenal

Type/Model or
Device Code

Descri,Etion

g!:z

Unit

Total

Basic Equipment for Red River Arsenal.
305 1.
323 1
323 2
607
273511.
340 1.
350 1.3
350 1.4
350 1.4
282
27278l
380 1

M86989

w88425
M90487
M90487
M90487

Processing Units
Card Punches
Card Punches
T Tracks
323 on T Track
Power Units
Disk storage
Disk storage
Disk Storage (Third File)
Disk Storage Control
Disk Storage Control (Third File)
Consoles
Dual Systems Control
Dual Access Arms for Model 13
Dual Access Arms for Model 1.4
Dual. Access Arms for Model 14
(Third File)

1250 $
2500
225
450
2
225
450
2
10
5
2
11.5
230
2
650
325
1
1550
1550
1600
1
1600
1
1600
1600
80
1
80
1
ll5
l15
"400
800
2
1 Included in Disk Storage pric.
1
850
850
1
850
850
$

850

Special. Devices
Type 305 Computer
263601

79275

l28
244
l30
722
27640l

73009

284
270801

77106

21l60l

71105

610
614
613
266401

79639

275001
27720l
26560l

85259
81468
79638

277001

82365
W86833
W90592
w90592
¥i90592

W90592

Automatic Inquiry Address
Conversion
Character Selectors - 3
Additional Positions
Cycle Delays - 1 Group 15 Additional
Character Selectors - 1 Group of
6 Special. Positions X-No X, 0No 0
Latch Selectors - 3 Groups - 10
@ $lO per group
Latch Selectors - 2 Groups
@ $10 per group
Double Distributors - 1 Group
of 20
Double Distributors - 2 Groups
of 20 @ $10
Single Distributors - 2 Groups
of 20 @ $9
Processing Tracks - 4 Additional
(2 Groups @ $10)
Program Exit Splits
Program Entry Isolation
Comparing Units - lO Additional
Positions @ $5 per group ot 5
Ex! t Cycle - To cycle overlap
Character Selector Splits
Blank Transmission Selectors 2 Additional Groups @ $5 per
group of 5
Erase on Transfer
Simul taneous Impulse of Record
Advance and Program Advance
WX Processing Tracks
Y Z Processing Tracks
/ U Processing Tracks
$ * Working Storage Tracks

2
2
2

20
15
25

40
30
50

2
2
2

1.0
25
30

20
50
60

2
2

lO
10

20
20

2
2
2
2
2

30
25
25
25
17

60
50
50
50
34

192

4
4

25
5

100
20

Type 323 Card Punch
300
703
705
275

60 Additional DPBC @ $8 each 10
2 Groups 5-2 Position Pilot
Selectors @ $10 per group
5 Groups 4-5 Position CoSelectors @ $5 per group
Digit Selectors
TOTAL RENTAL
323

$ l3,801
IBM 305 RAMAC

USN CNS
Rental Rates for Basic System
Machine Name
Monthly Rental
305 Processing Unit
$1,726.00
323 Card Punch
270.00
3ho Power Unit
325·00
350 Disk Storage, Mdl II
1,050.00
350 Disk Storage, Mdl l2
1,100.00
h07 Prj.nter
1,oh2.50
380 Console
495.00
Rental Rates for Additional Equipment
3i31 Remote Inquiry Station
208.00
1926 Remote Inquiry Station
250.00
Maintenance service included in rental contract.
Hamilton AFB
Actual Cost per month.
Component
Basic Use Charge Basic Use
305 Processing Unit
176 Hrs.
$1,564
323 Card Punch
176 Hrs.
333
340 Power Supply
176 Hrs.
325
350 Disk Storage
176 Hrs.
650
350 Disk Storage
176 Hrs.
700
370 Printer
176 Hrs.
360
380 Console
400
176 Hrs.
$4,332
NOTE: Extra use charges average slightly over $2,000
per month for a total rental of $6,332 per month.
026 Printing Card Punch
056 Verifier
082 Sorter
089 Collator
407 Accounting Machine
519 Originating Machine
552 Interpreter
Machines are used jointly with Statistical Services,
a total of $1,442 per month is for supply use only.
Offutt .AFB
The 305 Processing Unit, 323 Card Punch, 340 Power
Unit, 350 Disk Storage, 370 Printer, 380 Console, cost
$199,550 and rents at $3,600/month.
The additional equipment cost $18,418 and rents at
$443/month. Maintenance cost $494. 75/month.
The additional equipment consists of:
2 Gps of 5 Addn Comparing Positions
2 Gps of 2 Addn Work Processing Tracks
2 Gps of Addn 20 Single Position Distributors
3 Gps of 20 Addn Double Distributors
}+ Gps of 10 Addn Double Position Latch Selectors
1 Gp of 3 Addn Character Selectors
1 Gp of 15 Addn Cycle Delays
1 Program Exist Split
1 X No X Bit and Zero no Zero Bit Selectors
2 Gps of 5 Addn Blank Transmission Selectors
1 Character Selector Split
:1 Division
1 Program Entry Isolation
1 Multiple Record Transfer
1 Checking Multiple Record Transfer
1 Compare Search
2 Gps of 5 Two Pos Pilot Selectors
1 Gp of 4 Five Pos Co Selectors
3 Gps of 10 Double Punch
1. Cipher to Replace Numeric Zero
USAF Richards-Gebaur AFB
IBM 305, 340, 380, 323, 350, and 370 rents at $50,910
:per year.

IBM 305 RAMAC

324

Boeing, Wichita
Basic System
305 Processing Unit
$74,270
340 Power Unit
24,700
28,400
380 Console
Total
$127,370
Additional Equipment
323 Card Punch
$12,5 80
350 Disk Storage
34,500
370 Printer
22,100
Total
$69,180
System is not purchased.
Basic System Hourly Rates
305 Processing Unit
$7.83
$3.13 (Off-shiftj
340 Power Unit
1.85.74 (off-shift
380 Console
2 . 2 7 . 91 (off - shift
Additional Equipment Hourly Rates
323 Card Punch
$1.31
$ .52 (off-shift)
350 Disk Storage
3.69
1.48 (off-shift)
370 Printer
1.99
.80 (off-shift)
Ford Motor
Basic System
$4,800 monthly contract, 176 hours/month.
Additional Equipment
$1,600 monthly contract, 176 hours/month.
Ford, Wayne
Basic system $3,900 per month, including Type 370
Printer, 323 Punch, 305 Process Unit, and 380 Typewriter and Reader.
Additional EqUipment
Type 407 Accounting Machine
$1,135 per month
Type 523 Sunnnary Punch
85 per month.
SUNOCO Philadelphia
1 024 Key Punch
40.00
1 026 Key Punch
60.00
1 026 Key Punch
63.00
1 056 Verifier
50.00
2 082 Sorters
55.00 ea.
1 085 Collator
125.00
1 514 Reproducing
149.00
1 407 Tab-off-line
835.00
1 407 Tab-on-line
1,067.50
1 548 Interpreter
100.00
1 380 RAMAC-Console
400.00
1 350 Desk Unit
1,050.00
1 305 Process Unit
1,555.00
1 340 Power
325·00
1 323 Punch (RAMAC)
24·5.00
Excise Tax
596.00
Penna. Sales Tax
270.82
Total
$7, ohl. 32
SUNOCO Southland Center
Basic System
305 Processing Unit, 323 Card Punch, 340 Power Supply,
350 Disk Storage, 370 Printer, and 380 Console rents
at $3, 833/month.
Additional EqUipment
08 3 Sorter, 077 Collator, 407 Printer, and 514 Summary
Punch rents at $1, 432/month.
WE Aurora
Basic System
Per Month
305 Processing Unit
$1,250
323 Card Punch
225
350 Disc Storage Unit
650
340 Power Supply
325
380 Console
400
370 Printer
350
$3,200

Additional Equipment
284 (20) Double Distributor
609 Printer Output Track
610 Additional Processing Track
613 Program Isolation
722 Additional Selectors
614 Split Program Exits
128 Additional Character Selectors
Additional Blank Transmission

USA Medical Depot

$8
5

10
25
10
15
2

l80

Plus 10% Federal excise tax.
WE GPC New York
305, 340, 380, 370, 232, and 407 rents at $70,250
per year.
WE TSD New York
The 305 Process Unit, 350 File Unit, 380 Console,
340 Power Unit, and 323 Card Punch rent at $3,554
per month plus 13% tax.
The 797 Reader Punch rents at $1,100 per month,
plus 13% tax.
WE Winston-Salem
The IBM 305, IBM 323, IBM 3401 IBM 350, IBM 407
(on line), and IBM 380 rent at ~7,018.
The IBM 085 (2), IBM 553, IBM 514 (2), IBM 407,
IBM 083, IBM 024 (2), and IBM 056 (2) rent at $957
monthly.
Monthly
Georgia State
Rental Cost
Type
Description
$1,250
305
RAMAC
289
Direct Division Device
45
Card Punch
323
225
340
Power Supply
325
350
Disk Storage
650
370
Printer
350
380
Console
400
Additional Equipment
Accounting Machine
402
195
514
Reproducing Punch
70
026
Printing Card Punch
60
082
Sorter
40
Monthly rates less 60%.

PERSONNEL REQU I REMENTS
Manufacturer
Number of people needed to define and develop a
program depends on complexity of application. However, once programmed and running, one operator per
shift can handle feeding of cards and removal of
printed reports.
Training made available at Educational Centers and
local branch offices in principal cities.
USA LOD
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors
3
Programmers
7
Operators
3
Three additional operators are required for each
additional 8 hour shift.
Analyst functions performed by programmers at present time as a means of developing analysts.
Data Processing Activity is to be reorganized to
conform with needs as developed through actual operations.
Operation tends toward open shop.
3 weeks formal training furnished by contractor.
23 weeks on-the-job training.

Three 8-Hour Shifts
Used
Recommended
Supervi SOl'S
7
7
Programmers
2
2
Coders
2
2
Clerks
3
3
Operators
10
10
Engineers
1
1
In-Output Opel'
1
1
Methods of training used includes IBM Customer
Education Program and on-the-job training.
Louisville Medical Depot utilizes an integrated
system of RAMAC 305 and conventional IBM electrical
accounting machines. All major program applications
are dependent on the availability of both types of
equipment. Two (2) personnel only are assigned. full
time to operation of the RAMAC 305 and these ate
included in the figures. All other per sonnel are
involved in operations as they pertain to RAMAC 305
and/or conventional electrical accounting machines.
The engineer is furnished by IBM at no charge.
USA Mt Rainier Ord D
One 8-Hour
Two 8-Hour
Shift
Shifts
Used
Recomm
Used
Recomm
Supervisors
2
2
2
2
Analysts
1
2
Programmers
4
5
Clerks
1
1
Librarians
1
1
Operators
2
3
2
Engineers
1
IBM Corp
In-Output Opel'
2
2
2
Programmers and console operators are women, very
capable.
Methods of training used includes aptitude tests,
schooling three (3) weeks under direction of IBM,
additional six (6) weeks on special features, and.
one (1) year on-the-job for productive programming,
coding and control panel wiring.
USA Raritan
Two 8-Hour Shifts
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
4
4
Analysts
5
5
Programmers
3
3
Clerks
2
2
Operators
4
4
In-Output Opel'
2
2
Coding is an integral part of programming, therefore, coders are not shown as a personnel requirement.
Engineers and technicians are supplied by th computer
Volume, eomputer
Area, computer
Weight, eomputer

0.75

I NSTALLATI ONS
International Business Machines Corporation
Electric Typewriter Division
590 Madison Avenue
New York 22, New York

1.035 KVA
9.5 cu f't
4.5 sq f't
600 Ibs

PRODUCTION RECORD
Time required f'or delivery

4-9 months

GOST PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
p

Basic System
Cost
Model I-~Y.Pewri ter unit, calcu- $6,000
lator untt and companion keyboard
Additional Equipment
Model II-Typewriter unit, calcu- 8,700
lator unU w/non-printing punch &
companion keyboard
Model III-Typewriter unit, cal9,800
culator unit w/printing punch
& companj.on keyboard
Model IV-Typewriter unit, cal11,900
culator unit w/tape punch &
companion keyboard
Model V-~~ewriter unit, calcu- 13,700
lator unU & companion keyboard
& card reader
Model VI-,Typewriter unit, cal16,400
culator unit w/non-printing
punch & c,ompanion keyboard &
card read,er

Monthly
Rental

$175
235
260
295
310
370

IBM 632

IBM 650 RAMAC

MANUFACTU RER
International Business Machines Corporation

IBM RAMAC 650 Data Processing Machine

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation

APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer
General purpose, applicable to scientific and
business data processing. "In-line" processing with
TIM RAMAC 650.
The IBM 650 is a basic magnetic drum data processing machine with an IBM 355 random access memory unit.
This memory is a storage medium in which any group of
data may be reached quickly and directly, despite the
fact that the data is stored in the memory in a random fashion.
The RAMAC 650 was one of the first of IBM's line
of machines designed for high-volume, in-line processing of business data. Instead of accumulating
data to be processed in batch~s, each transaction is
processed as it happens and, at the same time, every
related record in the memory unit is adjusted.
U. S. Army Engineer District
Located in the Faidley Building, 121 South 16th
Street, Onaha, Nebraska. The system with drum storage and card input-output is used for earthwork cut
and fill, survey computations, stability analyses
(spillway weirs, walls, powerhouse and spillway
Chutes), flood routing, reservoir regulation, grain
size computations, and sediment load studies.
U. S. Army Engineer Research & Develop. Lab.
Located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The system with
drum storage and card input-output, is used for the
computation of problems in all fields of engineering
in connection with Research and Development of military items for the Corps of Engineers, plus a small
amount (l.ess than 5%) of data processing in connection
with labor distribution costs and similar reports.
U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Exper. Station
Located at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The system with
drum storage and card input-output, is used exclusively for engineering and scientific applications. The

IBM RAMAC 650

350

Computer Center is a joint facility of the Waterways
Experiment Station (WES) and the Lower Mississippi
Valley Division (IMVD) of the Corps of Engineers,
U. S. Army. It operates as a central (center-type)
facility to provide electronic data processing and
computation services to six (6) using field offices
of the Corps of Engineers.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
Engineer Division.
Located at North Pacific Custom House, Portland 9,
Oregon, the system is used primarily for scientific
and engineering work arising in conjuction with the
Corps of Engineers construction program in the North
Pacific Division. Some typical programs are:
Program computes grounding mat resistance vs. cost
per number of ground rods for selected resistivities,
ground rod spacings and ground rod lengths.
Program derives information for plotting the flux
distribution in core form transformers for nonsymmetrical coil arrangements or non-uniform current
densities.
Program computes the neutral axis of a reinforced
concrete section of any shape subjected to any
combination of axial load, P, and bending moments,
Mx and My and computes the concrete and steel stresses.
The program can be used for stability analyses and
base plate stress analyses, etc., with proper formulation of input data.
Computes backwater or water surface profile in an
open channel by the standard-step method for velocities less critical. The program computes water surface elevations and balances energy equation to the
desired accuracy.
Program derives the streamflow from snowmelt and/
or rainfall over various segments of the Columbia
River Basin, by routing water thru basin, lake, and
channel stor~gel thereby determining streanflow at
gaging statlons for reservoir reguLation of design

Photo by U.S. Army Anniston Ordnance Depot
f'lood studies.
Monthly f'orecasts of' water year and residual volumes of' river f'low are prepared f'or 132 river stations in the Columbia Basin and coastal areas, f'or
purposes of' power, irrigation, f'lood f'orecasting and
control. The program computes f'orecasts and prepares
page f'orn~ts f'or publication.
The program simulates a basin-wide hydroelectric
system of up to 60 projects, giving power output,
storage and regulated streamflow data f'or the projects.
Input to the routines are project characteristics,
streamflow network, periodic unregulated streamflows,
and storage changes at the projects. A sequence of'
up to six storage projects may be designated f'or use
in f'irming the system to a pre-specif'ied energy load
f'or each period. Program 1050.4 is f'or a 650 with
4000 word.s of' internal storage memory.
This program simulates a hydroelectric system of' up
to 20 projects on a given river and its tributaries.
The program output gives total discharge, spill, turbine discharge, f'orebay and tailwater elevations,
head on power plant, and actual station generation,
number of units on the line f'or each of' the projects,
and the total system generation. Variable input data
are as f'ollows: desired generation, local inf'low,
required spill and miscellaneous water use. Time
interval f'or input data is variable and time interval
f'or output data is variable; however, hourly data will
ordinarily be computed. Flows are routed between

351

projects, either through reservoirs or open channel
reaches. Routing constants and power plant characteristics are included in the program along with
minimum and maximum pool elevation but may be
changed as desired.
Program determines the total energy in kw-months,
mean monthly capability in kw, average number of' operating units and mean head associated with a sequence
of' mean monthly f'lows at a hydro-generating plant.
Plant perf'o~nce is based on turbine unit perf'ormance characteristics and generator losses contained
in tables in memory and a constant value of' transf'ormer ef'f'iciency.
Computes cut and f'ill, adjusted cut, accumulated
cut and f'ill, mass ordinate and slope stake ref'erence
data where required, based upon original ground and
f'inished ground conditions.
The computation of' earthwork quantities and preparation of' design roadway templates and prof'ile grades
are processed. The stations and elevations of' the
verticle P.I.'s together with the length of' vert1cle
curves, and the station of' the points of' spiral and
horizontal curves, the roadway typical section data
and original ground data are used as inf'o~tion including a f'ive line prof'ile. The design template
inf'o~tion may in turn be used in the quantity computations program above, to compute volumes and slope
stake ref'erence inf'o~tion.

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by U.S. Army Engineer District, Omaha
in TOE's, T/A's or other governing dtrectives. This
involves file maintenance routine of constantly
changing requirements by addition and deletion action.
Mobilization Reservation Requirements
A process of compiling projected inventory requirements of individual item needs based on various
degrees of mobilization.
World Wide Asset Data
An accumulation of statistics relative to the
quantity, location, condition and net worth of all
inventory items.
Integrated Supply Control of Minor Secondary
Items
The process of measuring requirements against known
assets for purposes of projecting a supply position
and Signifying actions required such as procurement,
excesses, etc.
Item Identification and Cross Reference Files
Describing for Supply Control purposes, the item
name, description and characteristics in the detail
necessary to adequately inform potential customers
of items available.

The program computes the profile grade for a highway including verticle curve corrections. The input
data consists of the P.I. stations, elevations, and
length of verticle curves.
U.S. Army Engineer Supply Control Office
Located at 410 North Broadway, St. Louis, Missouri,
the system with drum, tape and cards, is used for
integrated stock and fiscal accounting.
Stock Accounting
Processing world wide customer demands and supply
transactions in such a manner as required to maintain
individual item stock balances, on a consolidated
accountable property record, on all Engineer items
stored within the continental United States.
Financial Inventory Accounting
Provides the monetary values of issuance, receipts
a.nd adjustments, as recorded against stated inventory
balances of the accountable property records into a
directed pattern of reports.
Stock Fund Accounting
Compiles computed dollar values of Stock Fund
lnventory balances and transactions into a designated
chart of accounts as required to maintain a "balance
sheet type record" of the Engineer Section of the
Army Stock Fund.
Customer Billing
The preparation of printed bills to customers for
all reimbursable issues of inventory items. Computed
requirements of organizations and units as prescribed

IPM RAMAC 650

352

Photo by U.S. Army Engineer Research & Dev.Labora:'"
tories

u. S. Army Ordnance
Located in Bldg. 109-1, Inventory Control Division,
Field Services Group, Philadelphia, Pa. The system
with drum, core, and tape storage and tape and cards
input-output, is used for daily updating National
Availability Inventory Records, requests for material,
catalog changes, determination of requirements,
computation of digital levels, distribution and redistribution of stock, financial inventory accounting
report, demand, issue and returns summaries, stock
status reports, computation of basic loads, maintenance and usage of application file, in stock,
technical service excess and disposal reports, fiJ.e
maintenance, and procurement status.
U. S. Army Ordnance
Located in Bldg. 353, Feltman Res. & Engineering
Laboratories, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N. J. The
system with drum and cards, is used for Interior
Ballistics {burning-rate studies and projectilepropellant dynamics), (3-degree of freedom trajectories, inertial fuzing studies, and stability
calculations), (lethal area calculations and systems
analyses), design calculations, and use terminal
ballistics data reduction.
U. S. Army Ordnance
Located in Bldg. 10, Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet,
New York. The system with drum and cards is used for
research and engineering, labor control, payroll and
leave accounting, and cost accounting.

}53

U. S. Army Ordnance
Located in Bldg. 362, Anniston Ordnance Depot,
Anniston, Alabama. The system with drum, disc, cards,
tapes, cores, and typewriters is used for Ordnance
Corps Distribution Depot, general supplies secondary
items stock control (availability edit and item
accounting) and related Financial Inventory Accounting Activities.
U. S. A:rmy Philadelphia QM Depot
Located at 2800 S. 20th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
The systems are used for drum, card, tape, ~,
typewriter systems, payroll, cost reporting, f~ctory
production, procurement on-order, national inventory
control, inventory updating, sales and billingS;,
requisition and extract processing, cataloging,' supply
management, and retail requirements studies.
U. S. A:rmy Richmond ~ Depot
Located at Richmond, Virginia. The systems are
used for card, tape system, the card, tape, RAMAC,
fund accounting, depot maintenance program, armlf
field stock control system, memorial, motor vehicle,
special application, FIA Stock Fund, supply control,
civilian payroll, stock accounting, national suock
control, supply catalog, cost accounting, troop
requirements.
U. S. Army Signal Corps School, ADPS
Located at Squier Hall, Room 178, Fort Monmouth,
N. J. The drum, core, disc, tape cards, typewriter,
is used for the training of Staff Officers,

I:IM RAMAC 650

Photo by U. S. Army Engineer Supply Control Officer.
instruction to all Signal Corps Officers, demonstrations to all classes showing capabilities of ADPS,
training of Enlisted Programmers and Console Operators,
and for the testing of possible programs to be used
in the Arrrry.
U. S. Navy Service Center
Located on the 2nd Floor of the Navy Service Center,
Washington 25, D. C., the drum and card system is used
for payroll, work measurement, labor distribution,
lunar dynamics for the Naval Research Laboratory, and
electronic production capabilities statistics.
U. S. Naval Air Development Center
Located at the Aeronautical Computer Laboratory,
Johnsville, Pa., the drum, core, tape and card system
is used for scientific computations and scientific
data processing.
U. S. Naval Avionics Facility
Located in Indianapolis, Indiana, the drum, core,
card and tape system is used for systems studies,
error analyses, calibrations and data reduction.
U. S. Navy Bureau· of Naval Weapons
Located in Temporary ''W'' Bldg. Rm. lW09, 18th &
Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington 25, D. C., the
dTum, card, tape system is used for production control, engineering calculations, research calculations,

rPM RAMAC 650

354

and statistical analysis.
U. S. Navy, New York Naval Shipyard
Located at Brooklyn 1, New York, the drum and card
system is used for payroll, direct labor budget, interim cost, budget vs actual, daily report of costs,
weekly and cumulative performance repcrt, pipe stress
analysis, tank capacity tables, propulsion sTh~fting.
U. S. Navy, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Located at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the drum card
system is used for payroll, personnel, cost accounting
and control, production planning and control, and
scientific and engineering.
U. S. Navy, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
Located in the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton,
Washington, the drum card system is used for payroll
(both hourly and per annum rates) inclUding leave
(sick and vacation absences) and savings bonds~ direct
labor budget (man-hour estimates versus actual), design
and engineering, and workload forecasting (both short
and long range).
U. S. Naval Supply Center
Located in Bldg. 211-3, Data Processing Dept.,
Oakland, Cal., the drum card system is used for updating, stock status balance cards for inventory
control system, civilian payroll, U. S. Savings Bond

Photo by U.S. Army Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot /
accounting for civilian personnel, calculation of
EAM rental payment, and sundry management reports.
USAF, Headquarters, OCAMA
Located at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, the drum-tape
system is used for: commOdity class property accounting, method of controlling material by AMC supply
depots to worldwide AF activities, maintenance contractors, and other military services. Provides data
which enables AMC to administer a timely, accurate and
effective supply logistics system. Encompasses item
accounting, providing inventory position and various
products for effective management of serviceable, reparable, and excess material. Provides by-products
which are the basis for dollar accounting and m&.nagement of AF assets, inputs to other systems for requirements computations etc.
Base class property accounting - method for controlling material to support AMC internal depot
functions and tenant organizations. System provides
data required to enable supply components to administer timely, accurate, and effective material support.
Otherwise same as commOdity class property accounting
application.
Maintenance engineering management material control integrated management system based upon data which

355

measures and evaluates actual performance against
predetermined standards for labor, material and overhead. Consists of (1) work measurement system under
which engineered labor standards are developed and
maintained and which provides for comparison of
standard hours with actual labor hours used to perform
the work; (2) production control system which provides
for planning, scheduling and controlling the application of manpower, material and facilities for the
accomplishment of given workload requirements in the
depot maintenance shops; and (3) the standard costaccounting system, which provdes for the accumulation
and analysis of both standard and actual dollar costs
for labor, material, and overhead identified to the
organizational unit which best exercises direct control over the cost elements.
USAF Air Material Command
Located at Bldg. 33, ~~y C, Olmsted Air Force Base,
Penna., three drum-core-tape-card systems are used
for: prime and base class stock control and distribution.
All items stored at Hq MAAMA are recorded on tape
in Class Code, stock number and account sequence.
These tapes are called Master Balance Tapes. Action
processed through the Supply System such as; shipment,

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by U. S. Army Watervliet Arsenal
receipts, inventory adjustments, transfers, etc., are
processed daily to up date the master balance records.
The following output products are generated when
processing supply actions: transaction registers,
shipping documents (l04Pl & 104P3), inventory
accounting monetary, material cost, stock fund, balance
eards (category I & II only), inventory adjustment
registers.
Each month the daily transaction registers are consolidated and consumption for each item is recorded.
At stock balance reporting time (every 90 days for HiValu and every 180 days for Category II & III) consumption qty is consolidated and selected from tape by
ltem. Also at stock balance reporting time the assets
stored at MAAMA are selected from the master tapes.
'1~he consumption cards and assets cards are used to
prepare the stock balance and consumption report.
Every week stock list changes are processed against
the master balance tape. This includes stock number
ehanges, unit price changes, procurement source code
and expendability-repair cost code changes and unit of
issue changes. These changes are generated from USAF
stock list catalogues.
I.AM Reconciliation: This program utilizes M/B tape
as input. The output is A/F and/or FSC 20 word record

lIM RAMAC 650

356

by item, with dollar value extended, total dollar
value by account and PSC and overall total dollar
value by class.
USAF, Air Materiel Command, Asst. for Data
Services, Comptroller, these are used to compute the
90 day requirements and 30 day supportability. Products from this tape are: file maintenance to the
ma.ster tape such as additions, deletions, changes,
special requests and stock list changes, purge and
transfer list, unidentified item list, AMC 550 Requisition cards, 30 day supportability list, parts shortage
list.
A quarterly report to show maintenance if their replac~'D.ent percent in the material standards is a realistic figure. Report consists of actual material, end
item production, production count and material standards.
A master tape compiled daily to make a monthly report
on the cost of all material used by maintenance.
A master tape inventory balance which is updated
daily by transactions. Stock list changes are processed weekly against this tape. Transaction registers,
550, 550, a card etc., are made daily from this tape.
A tape made quarterly to update the unit cost in
the material standard master tape. Re -price tape

Photo by U.S. Air Force Directorate of Statistical
Services
USAF Mobile Air Material Area
Located at Erookley AF Base, Mobile, Alabama, the
drum-core-tape-card system is utilized for: stock
control and distribution system, maintenance management system, inventory accounting (monetary) system,
unit authorization listings, mechanized civilian
payroll system, PCAM utilization reporting program,
test validation system. These include the processing
of Air Force property records for which MOAMA has
world-wide responsibility, the processing of MOAMA's
maintenance-engineering management system, a program
developed for controlling equipment material to
operate the base, a program that computes civilian
pay and leave for preparation of civilian leave and
earning statements, checks, and printing of bonds, a
program that computes the PCAM machine utilization,
and a program for validating test scores for
civilian personnel.
USAF Air Materiel Command
Located at Bldg. 33 .. Bay C, Olmsted AFB, Penna.,
the system is used for implementation of a mechanized
payroll system, providing for p!t'e!paration of civiiian
payroll checks, bond issuance program and leave and
earning statement is scheduled for December 1960.

357

Fields of application include: this program utilizes
the lAM daily corrections for lAM daily transactions
as input cards. The output cards are daily sumiDary
cards and financial detail cards. The summary cards
dollar value condition is controlled by the posting
control; the group number by weapons code, lAM code,
account code.
This program utilizes. the daily summary cards as
input. The output cards are lAM periOdic summary
cards. The dollar value is summarized by PSC wi thin
account, within lAM for each class.
This program utilizes the lAM periodic summary cards
as input. The output cards are lAM monthly s1.lIllli1ary
cards and lAM monthly line cards. The monthly summary
dollar value is summarized by lAM within account,
wi thin PSC, wi thin class symbol sequence. The monthly
lAM line card is summarized by lAM.
From !AM opening balance cards and !AM monthly summary cards.. this program prepares the closing balance
cards for the month. The opening and closing dOllar
values are summarized by condition and by condition
within PSC for each class and storage site.
From monthly summary cards for the quarter, this
program prepares one card showing dollar value tor

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by U.S. Air Force Mobile Air Materiel Area
i;he quarter f'or all items which have connnon class
symbol, PSC, ownership account, condition code and
rAM code
This program utilizes lAM opening balance and lAM
monthly summary cards, f'or the quarter, as input
cards. ~le output cards are quarterly supply summary
cards and A.MCr.- summary cards. The quarterly supply
summary dollar value is summarized by condition, wi thin
rAM, within account, within reporting depot, within
controlling depot, wi thin class symbol. .AMIT summary
dollar value is summarized by f'ields controlled by
account ruld condition.
This program utilizes l-fl?A balance cards as input.
~The output is lAM reconciliation cards by item, with
dollar va.l.ue extended, all "Q" accounts have only
service value extended.
This application governs the accurate accumulation
and reporting of' on-hand assets and consumption data
to provide essential information to AMA's, depots,
and bases under the AF logistics concept. These
reports determine the gross f'uture needs of' the Air
Force, the items the Air Force can expect f'rom repair,
and the stock availability. The inf'ormation provided
by SB&CR' s is as f'ollows: Actions that have occurred

IBM RAMAC 650

358

during a reporting period (issues, condemnations,
reparable generations, serviceable returns f'rom overhaul, etc); quantity of' assets on hand and their
condition; and, location of' assets (on-work-order,
intransit, reparable shipments, etc).
This program takes projected programming data f'rom
Hq., USAF (received on classif'ied computer tape) and
produces Management reports f'or the Plans and Program
Of'f'ice at Hq., MAAMA (MAFD). That of'f'ice, in turn,
ref'lects the aircraf't f'lying hours and engine f'lying
hours by type, model, series of' MAAMA prime aircraf't
and MAAMA prime engines f'or three f'iscal years on a
projected basis.
This program deals with items as related to specif'ic
types, models, and series of' aircraf't. It applies the
quantity per assembly (quantity of' this item which is
installed on a specif'ic aircraf't) to the percentage
of' application to compute a f'actor. The percentage
of' application is the percentage of' this particular
type, model, and series of' aircraf't which uses this
item, as related to the total number of' this type,
model, and series of' aircraf't in the Air Force. The
f'actor is applied to the past and present projected
f'lying hour program data to arrive at the installed

Photo by U. S. Air Fer ce Patrick .AFB
flying hour programs for each particular requirement,
i.e., stock level hours, repair cycle hours, etc. In
a later program various factors are applied to these
hours in determining the requirements for cost category II recoverable items.
USAF Mobile Air Materiel Area
Located at Brookley AFB, Alabama, the drum-coretape-card system is utilized for: stock control and
distribution system, maintenance management system,
inventory accounting (monetary) system, unit authorization listings, mechanized civilian payroll system,
PCAM utilization reporting program, test validation
system. These include the processing of Air Force
property records for which MOAMA has world-wide
responsibility, the processing of MOAMA's maintenanceengineering management system, a program developed
for controlling equipment material to operate the base,
a program that computes civilian pay and leave for
preparation of civilian leave and earning statements,
checks, and printing of bonds, a program that computes
the PCAM machine utilization and a program for validating test scores for civilian personnel.
USAF San Bernardino Air Materiel Area
Located at Norton AFB, California, the drum-card
system is used for: Maintenance Support and Main-

D59

tenance Management, includes data proceSSing for
flow of material programming data; for the computation and forecasting of items of supply required to
support current operationG and programs; for inventory,
utilization, and status of aircraft engines andmissiles, for such functions as stock control, inventory
warehousing, transportation, requisitioning and back
order procedures; for all identifying and cataloging
operations such as Federal Conversion Program, AF
stock lists, D/A cross reference index, etc; for
inventory, utilization, accounting and status of such
property as medical-dental, clothing, ammunition,
petroleum, oils and lubricants.
Maintenance Support and Maintenance Management.
Includes data processing concerned with the collection
and reporting of labor and production statistics involving work measurement, labor distribution materiel
standards and projection; includes data processing
for product improvement system such as material failure
and "UR" reporting.
Financial Management and Accounting System (includes
Mechanized Civilian Payroll 8,ystem), includes data
processing concerned with reports developed for the
purpose of projecting budget requirements and financial
plans; preparatiQn and majntnenace of reports pertain-

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by U. S. Air Force Patrick .AFB
ing to monetary value of items in stock and in use;
Control: inc~hdes data processing required in the
maintenance and operating costs of real estate
compilation of unit allowance list and base allowance
facilities; preparation and maintenance of reports
list; effort required in maintaining the files and
reflecting cost data for both labor and material for
preparation of the actual lists and reports; data
all functions; preparation and maintenance of reports
processing for inventory, utilization and status of
reflecting obligation, cOmmitment, expenditure, and
vehicles other than aircraft, electronics and communiBtatus of funds; cost of public work programs and
cations equipnent, and data processing equipm.ent.
construction activities; preparation of expense report,
USAF, JIq., Ali'SWC, Kirtland AFB
punched card check program, check reconciliation and
Located at Kirtland Ar.B, Bldg. 499, New Mexico, the
other similar processing and reporting activities;
drum-card system is used for inventory accounting
and processing of other reports reflecting accounting
monetary, appropriations accounting, supply inventory
or financial data for such functions as general account- control and maintenance exception time accounting.
ing, expense accounting, clothing and commissary accountUSAF AFGC (PGCS) Eglin AFB
ing.
Located in Bldg. 100, Room 108, Eglin AFB, Florida,
Mechanized Civilian Payroll System (Authority: AMC
the drum-card system is used for: automatic processManual 171-1, Volume II, Chapter 369-51 and AMC Letter
ing of supply transactions, equipment control,
25-112, dated 29 October 1957). This system provides
personnel, financial services, .and miscellaneous
for the maintenance of punched card pay records for
applications.
all employees at Norton AFB and within the Hq.,SBAMA.
USAF Hq. Directorate of Statistical Services,
Bi-weekly time and leave records are processed against
APO 633, N. Y., N. Y.
this master file and time and leave records are updated,
Located in Wiesbaden, Germany, the drum-core-tapeemployees' pay is computed and pay checks and leave
card system is used for enlisted military personnel
!~d earning statements are published for each employee.
accounting and reporting, officer military personnel
J~s additional system benefits, year-to-date records of
accounting and reporting, civilian personnel accountpayments are kept and labor distribution data is created ing and reporting, manpower authorization system,
for cost accounting purposes.
intelligence data analysis, ground electronics
Equipment Management and Data Processing Production
installations, and medical stock fund reporting.

IBM RAMAC 650

360

Photo by U. S. Air Force Special Weapons Center
USAF Hdqs., MATS
Located in Bldg. S-920, Scott AFB, Illinois, the
drum-core-tape-card-typewriter system is used for
personnel accounting, manpower and organization,
materiel, and operations and traffic.
USAF Hdqs., Pacific Air Force
Located in APO 953, San Francisco, Cal., the drumcore-tape-card system is used is Statistical Services
for: personnel application (Military) maintenance
of complete personnel data on all military personnel
assigned to PACAF organizations. Programs include
updating of files, error determination, preparation
of all mechanized personnel reports required by USAF
and PACAF. CMOP application. Maintenance of complete
authorization data for unit manning documents of 1lnits
assigned to PACAF. Programs include updating of files,
error determination, preparation of authorization
reports required by USAF and PACAF. Miscellaneous.
Programs in accounting, UAL and MRAL. These prepare
cost reports required by USAF and PACAF. Intelligence applications.
USAF Hdqs., PACAF A-3 Directorate of Control
Located in APO 953, San Francisco, Cal., the tapedrum-core-card-typewriter system is used in Directorate of Control for operations and intelligence.
USAF ROAMA Griffiss Air Force Base
Located in the Depot Supply Bldg. No.1, East Wing,
Griffiss AFB, the drum-card system is used for payroll,
personnel, mechanized property accounting and inventory accounting management.
USAF Hdqs., Strategic Air Command
Located in the Offutt AFB, Nebraska, the drum-tapedisc-card system is used for command military personnel
accounting (detail command personnel files are centrally maintained and all USAF and SAC required reports
and information products are developed there from) and
command manpower and organization authorization accounting (command authorization information files are

361

centrally maintained and used to develop all reports
and information products, including publication of
all unit manning documents).
USAF 2709th AF Vehicle Control Group
Located at 3300 Jackson Ave., Memphis 2, Tenn., the
drum-card system is used for stock control and
distribution - inventory management, in support of
vehicle reporting and control, mechanized 650 payroll
system, in support of project count - wall to wall
inventory, and in support of work measurement.
NASA Flight Research Center, Box 273
Located at Edwards, Cal., the drum-card system is
used for aircraft flight data reduction, missile
trajectories, theoretical heat transfer and supersonic flow, and cost accounting.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity
Stabilization Service, USDA
Located at the Evanston CSS Commodity Office:,
Evanston, Ill., the drum-card-tape-printer system is
used for the proceSSing of price support loan and
purchase transactions for the 19 states served by
this office. This application includes computation
of loan and purchase transactions, preparation of
settlement statements with farmers and producers,
and recordation of accountability for these transactions - approximately 111,000 transactions are
processed annually. It is also used for the preparation of precomputing invoices covering warehOuSe
charges due to grain elevators - approximately 4,000
invoices are prepared monthly, and for the preparation
of settlement statements of warehousemen covering
quantity and quality differences on grain delivered
as opposed to ordered for delivery also covers final
settlement for warehousing charges - approximately
2,000 settlements are processed per month.

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by U.S. Air Force 2T09th llF Vehicle Control
Group
California Division of Highways
Located at 1120 "N" Street, Sacramento, Cal., the
d~-card system is used for engineering computations,
statistical applications, and traffic routing and
assignment.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic
Survey
Located in Room 3009, Dept. of Commerce Bldg.,
Washington, D. C., the drum-card system is used for
scientific applications, including adjustment of
surveys (triangulation and traverses), reduction of
magnetic observations, adjustment of aero-triangulation, gravity vector components, calculation of
flight bearings for check VOR facilities, and for
fiscal and budget applications, including payroll
and cost accounting.
U.S. Department of the Interior
Located at Denver Federal Center, Bureau of
Heclamation, Denver, Colorado, the drum-card system
is used for engineering and scientific computations
for problem arising in the investigation, design,
eonstrllction, and operation of reclamation projects.
U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Revenue
Bervice
Located 10th and Constitution Avenues, Washington,
D. C., there are three idential systems at Lawrence,
Mass., Kansas City, Mo and Ogden, Utah. These are
drum-card systems used for mathematical verification
of income tax returns, computation of account balances
and interest, computation of installments of estimated
tax, payroll computations, computation of personnel
and machine utilization reports, and computation of
man-hour distribution reports.
American Airlines
Located at 100 Park Avenue, New York, New York,
the drum-card system is used for commercial payroll

IBM HAMAC 650

accounting, general accounting, statistical studies,
and operations research problems.
Bridgeport Brass Company
Located at the Ground Floor, 30 Grand Street,
Bridgeport 2, Conn., the drum-card system is used
for payroll and payroll statisitcsj sales statistics,
including customer sales reports, cost of sales
reports, and tax reportsj inventory, including mill
products finished goods, housatonic avenue plant
process, venetial blind strip and components finished
goodsj and cost accounting at the Housatonic Avenue
Plant.
Convair, A Division of General Dynamics
Located at Convair, Fort Worth, Texas, the system
is used for Material Project Status - Semi-weekly
File Maintenance. Requires approximately 35 hours
of 650 time weekly. Semi-weekly material transaction
activity, together with applicable material item
balance summary cards at the project level, are
processed into the 650 to produce:
category and contract transfer detail activity
cards, procurement notice detail activity cards,
procurement change notice detail activity cards, procurement notiae balance reporting cards, contract
code error detail activity cards, purchase parts
below minimum reporting cards, internally initiated
project transfer activity updates the item balances
at the project level without producing output detail
activity cards, daily transaction activity detail
cards priced at standard unit price, updated material
item balance summary cards representing effect of
input transaction and also internally initiated
transactions. Material Project Status Report Dollars, Monthly:
Requires approximately 21 hours of 650 time monthly.

Photo by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Denver

Material item balance summary cards at the project
level, together with applicable mas-ter material cards
containing standard unit price, realization factors,
and class/DMS codes, are processed as of accounting
closing to produce priced detail output deck reflecting standard value of the on hand, on order, open
requirements (or order point), and status balances.
Commercial/Production Consumption Minimum -Order
Point and Economic Order Quantity Calculation, Monthly.
Requires approximately 28 hours of 650 time monthly.
Card decks representing current material item status,
minimum - order point master data, and prior six
month's usage are combined at the material item level
and processed into type 650 to produce: update usage
history, order point quantity adjustment detail cards,
procurement notice detail activity cards, as applicable,
reflecting recommended quantity to procure, procurement
notice balance reporting card, on-call sub-purchase
order detail activity cards, special notification
detail cards, updated material item balance summary
cards, commercial project status dollars cards, priced
at standard unit price. Material On-Call Sub-Purchase
Order, Monthly.
Requires approximately 2 hours of 650 time monthly.
Material on-call sub-purchase order detail cards,
together with applicable on-call vendor name and address masters are processed to produce material on-call
sub-purchase order vendor name and address detail cards.
Material Sub-Stores Project Status, Monthly File
Maintnenance. Requires approximately 6 hours of 650
time monthly, material tranaction activity pertaining
to sub-stores, together with applicable material substores item balance summary cards at the sub-stores
level, are processed into the 650 to produce:
Sub-stores transfers, detail activity cards to
replenish sub-stores, sub-stores zero stock notice
detail cards, sub-stores special notification detail

cards, cashed sub-stores transfer detail activity
cards, updated material sub-stores item balance
summary cards representing effect of input transactions and also internally initiated transactions.
Material Detail Parts, Shop Order Requisition
Allocation, Monthly: Requires approximately 2 hours
of 650 time monthly, card decks representing material
cashed requisitions and shop order work order details,
cashed requisition and shop order work order group
summaries, and requisition master header card data
are combined and processed into Type 650 to produce
allocated work order summaries cards.
Coding Final Labor Distribution, Weekly: Requires
approximately 1-1/2 hours of 650 time weekly, this
application assigns account numbers and sub-account
numbers based on work order numbers and charged
department. It also accumUlates tenths of hours to
develop "Whole Hours" totals.
Common Cost Allocation, Monthly. Requires approximately 1 hour of 650 time monthly. Unidentified hours
worked are allocated to work order numbers assigned
to comon cost distribution. Allocations are made
based on the percentage of unidentified hours to the
total hours charged to common cost work order numbers.
Hourly Retirement Calculations, Yearly. Requires
approximately 5 hours of 650 time yearly. Current
year's retirement benefits (base and excess) are
calculated based on hourly rate, hours worked, birth
date, and hire date. Total retirement benefits are
calculated to date. Master FR/PEO Schedules, Biweekly. Requires approximately 1/2 hour 650 time
per schedule. Schedules show the estimated start
and completion dates as forecasted by the Facilities
Department in comparison to the actual dates recorded
by the various departments responsible for completion.
The schedules serve management as a guide to sequencing the start of jobs and close follow-up.

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by Bridgeport Brass Company Jack Stock Studio
The 650 is used for this job in order to take advantage matched to the particular line entry by a line serial
of the "Selective Field" key punching technique, where- number. In some cases, a single change card may be
by only the individua~ changes need be key punched
used to correct several or even several hundred
rather than a complete line entry.
line entries. Debit and credit material cards are
Vendor Quality Performance Rating, Quarterly. Data
punched where the change affects material ordering.
regarding material and/or parts received from vendors,
Control totals are prepared manually and balanced
plus inspection rejection data, are accumulated permechanically.
petually. Every three months the previous twelve
~ennessee Eastman Company
months's data is calculated, using probability factors
Located in Kingsport, Tennesee, the drum-core-card
to produce: ratings by vendor wi thin a material group, system is used for eCluipment design (includes pipe
ratings by product type, quality ratings based on
stress analysis, B. W.R. eCluation of state, network
effectiveness. The ratings developed by 650 are used
flow analysis, pressure vessel and shell head, heat
as a guide to buying from vendors.
exchanger, plate to plate analysis, and vapor liquid
Quality Control Engineering Statistics, as Required.
equilibrium), analysis of control laboratory, experiRequires approximately l-l/2 - 2 hours of 650 time per
mental, and historical data (includes evolutionary
week. Statistics are calculated using IBM 650 library
operation, time trend box method, Yates analysis
programs and the "Bell Interpretive System." These
of variance, forecasting by exponentail smoothing,
programs are used in areas of process development,
interplaner spacing of HKL plane, differential fourier
process analysis, process modification, process.control, synthesis, etc.), and commercial uses (includes
and departmental quality analysis. Calculations inclUde:construction work load, sales analysis exception
simple correlation analysis, multiple correlation
basis, sales accounting summaries, operating labor
analysis, frequency distribution, averages, and standscheduling).
ard deviations, significance tests, average range charts,
The Emerson Electric Mfg. Co.
special analysis using "Bell" programming. Sub-Assembly
Located at l567 Salzman Ave., Wellston, Mo., the
Shop Ordering-Preparing of Travelers, as ReCluired.
system is used for engineering and scientific calCards are pulled from manufacturing parts list deck by
culations together with data processing related to
segment and lot as required. These cards are merged
engineering tasks. Some specific items are missile
with a major component schedule (in punched card fona(
trajectory calculations, heat transfer, aircraftby item and indenture. The 650 determines and punches
missile intercept, prediction of failure rates of
into sub-assembly travelers: manufacturing span time,
complete electronic system and maintaining files
start and completion dates, total quantity ordered,
of failure reports for reliability evaluation.
work order number, ship number. Control Assembly
Cleveland Engine Plants, FOMOCO
Parts List - Engineering Release, Daily. This system
Located in Cleveland Engine Plant No.2, Brookpark,
employes the "Selective Field" key punching method
Ohio, the system is used for Payrolls and Labor,
of up-dating a file of over 650,000 cards on a daily
timekeeping records, hourly payroll reports, salary
basis. Red pencil changes are entered on parts lists
payroll reports, labor distribution, overtime
by engineering parts list group. Only the red pencil
eCluilization, personnel records, statistics. Proentries are key punched into "Change" cards and are
duct ion Control, computation of net requirements

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by Ford Motor Company APS and ERO
releasing, receipts, shipments, cycle count adjustments, inventory planning, cycle count control,
productive mat. inventory, perished tooling. Cost
Accounting, scrap analysis, Mfg. expense ledger,
perpetual inventory, accounts payable, accounts
receivable, accountable document control, purchase
priority variances, direct labor performance, cost
of sales production reporting.
Controllers's Office, Ford Motor Company
Located in the Controller's Office, Box 494,
Dearborn, Michigan, the system is used for accounting,
production control, quality control, plant engineering, and personnel.
Ford Motor Company, Advanced Product Study
and Engineering Research Office
Located in the Scientific Laboratory and Research
Bldg., Engineering & Research Staff, Dearborn, Mich,
the system is used in computation relating to engineering design studies, largely in the field of mechanical
engineering, and concerned with prOjection of system
performance, stress analysis, vibration studies,
gear design, vehicle suspension design analysis,
structural rigidity, test data reduction, etc. Various
"Basic Research" programs in atomic structure, heat
transfer, magnetic properties also use this computer.
Harrison Radiator Division, General Motors
Corporation
Located in Lockport, New York, the system is used
for heat exchanger design program (main program).
Representative sub-routines of this program are,
plate fin geometry for cross flow, temperature check,
core weight and volume, and regenerator and oil cooler
modifications. Curve fit-quadratic (a series of six
quadratic equations to plot the points of a curve).
Analysis program, (a series of geometric programs to
allow for computation from basic data to finished
result offrom finished result back to basic data).

In.sti tute for Defense Analyses
Located in Room lE871, Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
The system is used for war-gaming procedures for
evaluating weapons systems, cost accounting,and
damage assessment problems.
Littauer Statistical Laboratory
Located at 94 Prescott Street, Cambridge, Mass.
the drum-core-card-tape system is used for statistical problems such as frequency distributions,
correlations, regreSSions, factor analyses,(principal
axis, verimax, and oblimin rotations) sociograms,
etc.
Michigan Bell Telephone Company
Located on the 1st Floor, 23500 Northwestern Hwy.,
Southfield, Michigan, the system is used for payroll
(24000 employees), utile and cost reports of !EM
equip., non-management wage survey, com'l work vol.
meas. plan, annual mortality studies, general sales
results, general planning forecasts (trunk est.,
etc.), shifting seas. var. and calendar shifts,
linear correlation of time series, traffic point
to point study, directory sales results and commisions, traffic Detroit Area Trunk Estimates, trunk
adm. weekly results, dial loading report, message
unit detail billing study, coil collection scheduling, and traffic observing results.
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation
Located at 275 Winchester Ave., New Haven, Oonn.,
the system is used for fuels performance calculations,
multi-component equilibria, free energy, isentropic
expansion, flame temperature, mollier diagram,
mechanical and thermal stresses, statistical analyses,
regression analyses, planned experiments, least
squares curves, theoretical crystal growth, heat
transfer, production machine speed trables, thermocouple temperature tables (Callendar Equipment).

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by Ohio Oil Company
The Prudential Insurance Company of America,
Electronics Research Division
Located at Newark, New Jersey, the system is used
for ordinary insurance billing and accounting, agency
records and debit insurance, district agencies payroll, mortga.ge loan accounting, valuation-actuarial,
actuarial - statistical calculations.
RCA Service Company, BMEWS Project
Located at Griffiths Air Force Base, Rome, New
York, the drtml-card system is used for inventory
eontrol, reliability, monetary accounting, procurement, transportation, and engineering.
New York Stock Exchange
Located at 18 Broad Street, New York 5, N. Y.,the
13ystem is used for verification, clearance and
settlement of security transactions executed on the
New York Stock Exchange. The operations facilitate
the physical delivery of securities and payments of
money related to security transactions. Services
of S. C. C. are rendered to Clearing Members of the
New York Stock Exchange and Member Banks of New York
Clearing House Association.
Sun Oil Company
IDcated at the Marcus Hook Refinery, Marcus Hook,
Penna., the system is used for refinery simulation
to determine optimtml method of operation, process
ealculation to establish operating conditions, chemieal engineering design calculations, analysis instrument data reduction, and marketing statistical
3.nalysis.
Western Electric Company
Located at 77 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Ill.,
the drtml-core-disc-card-tape system is used for the
preparation of payroll checks, distribution of payroll,
analysis of deductions from pay, processing of cost
and billing procedures, preparation of quarterly and
year-end State, City and Federal Tax Reports, Pension

DIM RAMAC 650

366

Pension Statistics and related payroll and deduction
report data.
Colorado State University Computing Center
Located at Fort Collins, Colorado, plans to get
an IBM 650 Summer 1960.
Columbia University
Located at Dobbs Ferry, New York, the drum-card
system is used to assist theoretical and experimental
research and for the processing of scientific data.
Cornell University
Located at the Dairy Records Processing Laboratory,
Ithaca, New York, the computer and peripheral equip-'
ment are used to process monthly DHIA records for
about 250,000 cows from 11 northeastern states. The
computer is used about 50% of the time processing
this material, 20% of it's time is spent doing
routine analyses such as evaluating sires used in
artificial insemination and preparing other research
material to be distributed to the DHIA membership
involved in the program. The remaining time is
utilized in basic and applied research in quanitative
genetic, this effects environment and management
on dairy production and other analyses of a statistical nature.
Indiana University
Located at the Research Computing Center, BlOOmington, Indiana, the system is used for almost all
phases of University Research make use of the Center's
facilities. The following are some of the major
fields of research using the computer: astronomy:
stellar interiors and stellar atmospheres. Chemistry:
quantum mechanics, x-ray diffraction. Business and
Economics: surveys of markets, executive games.
Mathematics: ntmlerical analysis. Psychology:
mathematical model studies. In addition, the

Photo by Socony Mobil Oil Company, Incorporated
departments of Political Science, Sociology~ and
the School of Education make great use of~tne Center.
Marquette University
Located in the Computing Center, Milwaukee, Wis.,
the drum-card system is used for research problems
from all fields of university endeavor and for
student education in programming.
Stanford University
Located at the Computation Center, Stanford, Cal.,
the drum-card system is used for the range of interests
of an academic community.
Syracuse University
Located at the Computing Center, 112 Hinds Hall,
Syracuse University, Syracuse 10, New York, New York,
the system is used for Mathematics: procedures for
solving high order complex polynomial equations.
Chemical Engineering: explosion pressure calculation.
Economics: evaluation of Cobb-Douglas Production for
USA and USSR Data. Industrial Engineering: shop
scheduling study (Thesis). Industrial Engineering:
Statistical Quality Control Study (Thesis). Education:
predicition of reading skills. Civil Engineering:
analYSis of errors in aerial photogrametry. Electrical
Engineering: effect of the presence of ferrite posts
in waveguides (sponsored). Psychology: study of new
ability measuring index (Thesis). Industrial
Engineering: calculation of interest factors. Industrial Engineering: reliability of estimates in
economics problems (Thesis). General Elect.: Probability of radar tracking of missiles (sp0nsored
by General Electric). Chemical Engineering: study
of the Van Laar Equation (Thesis). Niagara Mohawk:
study to find optimum operation of a hydroelectric
plant (sponsored by Niagara Mohawk). Business
Statistics: study of production indices. Physics:
relaxation rates. Mathematics: analysiS of cosmic
ray data (Thesis). Psychology: study of non-linear
discriminant functions (Thesis).

Elect. Engineering: mutual impedance between
individual elements in a large antenna array
(sponsored by Rome Air Development Genter).
Sociology: predicition of hospital prognosis from
social factors. Niagara Mohawk: study of gas
distribution and transmission systems (sponsored
by Niagara Mohawk). Radio-Television: analysis
of audience characteristics of viewers and nonviewers of an educational television program series,
"Books and Ideas"-------Determination of factors
predicitng television program success (sponsored
by Schwerin Research Corp. of NYC). Psychology:
juvenile delinquency study (sponsored by U. S. Office
of Education). Smith Corona: Determination of
sales quotas (sponsored by Smith-Corona). Bacteriology and Botany: wholesomeness of irradiated foods
(sponsored by Army Surgeon General's Office).
Education: verbal problem skills in arithmetic (Thesis). Sociology: analysis of community influence
systems. Preventive Med. College of Med.: Toxoplasmosis study (sponsored by State of New York).
Elect. Engineering: power loss study (sponsored by
Niagara Mohawk). Elect. Engineering: study of
examination techniques in electrical engineering.
Elect. Engineering: study of interpretive COding
scheme with reference to electrical engineering
requirements.------preliminary study of linear
arrays with non-uniform spacing. Elect. Engineering:
Fourier Integral Transform Study (Thesis). Education:
relation of selected non-intellectual factors to
Over - and Under-Achievement in Several College
Groups (Thesis). Pediatrics Dept. College of Med.:
characteristics of autonomic nervous system function
in new born and young infants (sponsored by the State
of New York). Elect. Engineering: transformer
rating (sponsored by Niagara Mohawk). Psychology:
juvenile delinquency study (Thesis).

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by Socony Mobile Oil Company, Incorporated
Psychology: background factors and correlates of
achievement motivation (Thesis). Elect. Engineering:
near-zone antenna field synthesis (sponsored by
General Electric). Traffic Commission: ordering
of information provided by student traffic cards at
S.U. Society of American Foresters, College of
:Forestry: study of education in forestry and related fields of natural resources management (sponsored by Society of American Foresters). College of Lib.
Arts, Office of the Dean: study of the transfer
student in the College of Liberal Arts. Elect.
Engineering: antenna arrays (sponsored by Rome Air
·Development Center). Eckerlin and lO..epper: study
of :moment distribution in connection with the design
of new dormitory construction at Syracuse University
(flponsored by Eckerlin and lO..epper). Physics: optical modes in calcite and arafonite crystals (Thesis).
Electrical Engineering: computation to obtain
graphical representation of equipotential lines outside an elliptical electron beam (sponsored by NSF).
Ctvil Engineering: photographic coordinate measurement errors and their effect on tilt and resection
(1~esis).
Special Education: Statistical study
of results of series of verbal and non-verbal tests
given to school children (sponsored). Dept. of
Microbiology, College of Med.: population genetics
study (sponsored by State of New York). Forest
Management, College of Forestry: the predictive
validity of two tests with forestry students at
Oregon State College (Thesi's). Physics: study of
bubble chamber tracks (sponsored by AEC). Economics:
income distribution (Thesis). youth Development
Center: a study of the characteristics of apprehended
jLlvenile delinquents in Onondaga County (sponsored).
Btlsiness Administration: management games. Univ.
of Hawaii: analysis of sugar cane growth (sponsored
by Hawaiian Commercial Sugar Company).

IllM RAMAC 650

368

Mathematics: study of prime numbers. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering, College of Forestry: dilute
solution properties of polymers (sponsored by Soc.
of Am. Foresters). Mathematics: computational
experiments with the conjugate gradient method and
other related methods for the solution of systems
of linear equations. Niagara Mohawk: evaluation
of the place of nuclear power among the power-generating resources (sponsored by Niagara Mohawk).
The term IIsponsoredll indicates financial aid in
part or in full from a source outside of Syracuse
University.
Problems listed for Niagara-Mohawk, General Electric and Smith Corona indicate a cooperative arrangement between the Syracuse University Computing
Center and the Syracuse Community as a whole.
Computing time on our machine is provided occasionally for such com~anies for problems of a research
(non-production) nature if time is available at no
sacrifice to University users.
University of Houston
Located at the Computing and Data Processing
Oenter, University of Houston, Houston 4, Texas,
the drum-card system is used for education and.
research in all areas where a computer is useful.
Vanderbilt University
Located in Wesley Hall, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee, the system is used in the
research field by the physics, chemistry and
astronomy and engineering students for calculations
to be used in their theses. Various members in
the science departments have used it for problems
pertaining to private research work. The medical
school has made some use of it, in particular the
radioisotope section which uses a routine to interpret the information from their analyzer and calculate the amount of potassium in the human body.

Photo by Western Electric Company, Omaha
The machine has been utilized more for statistical
work than any other type of calculations. The
psychology, sociology, and economics departments
have been most active in this way.
For education the machines have been used in the
conducting of classes in programming and computing
for any interested members of the university
communi ty.
Yale University
Located at the Computing Center, 135 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut, most of the work
is done in physics and social sciences by staff
members of these departments and by graduate
students in these departments dOing work toward
their degrees. A drum-card system is used.

Soap, Fortransit, assorted customer programs for
general problems (utility routines, etc.) and programs for specific industry needs (engineering,
petroleum, etc.).
Registers and B-boxes include distributor, upper
and lower accumulators, and three index registers.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl Stor Access
Exclud Stor Access
Microsec
Microsec
Add
Variable
288( Optimized)
Mult
Variable 2,210-19,600 10,000(Optimized)
Div
Variable 6,000-23,400 12,000(Optimized)
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum Tubes Type
Quantity
6350
208
5965
122
132
6211
5687
7
Diodes Type
AP
499
Transistors
o
Condensers
231
Arithmetic mode
Serial by character
Timing
Synchronous
Sequential
Operation

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system
Decimal
Decimal digits/word
10 plus sign
Instructions/word
1
Instructions decoded
89
Arithmetic system
Fixed point (standard)
Floating point is an optional feature (2 digit
character, 8 digit mantissa and sign)
Instruction type
One address
MOdified to include location of next instruction
NUmber range
_1010 < a < 1010
Instruction word format
1
Sign

Oper

2 3
10
6 7
Code
Data
Location of Next
Address
Instruction

369

Photo by U. S. Army Engineer Supply Control Office

STORAGE
Manufacturer
Access Microsec
Media
No. of Words
Magnetic Drum
2,000 or 4,000
96 min 4,800 max
Magnetic Core
60
96
Magnetic Tape
500,000 per unit 800,000 max/60 words
Magnetic Disk
600,000
RAMAC (650)
Magnetic Tape
6 Units
No. of units that can be connected
No. of char/linear inch of tape
200 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape
7 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record
1.5 Inches
Tape speed
75 Inches/sec
Start time
10.8 Millisec
Stop time
10.8 Millisec
Average time for experienced
180 Seconds
operator to change reel of tape
Physical properties of tape
Width
0.5 Inches
Length of reel
2, 400 Feet
Composition
Ferrous coated acetate or mylar
Mylar is DuPont's registered trademark for its
polyester film.

INPUT
Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Cards
200 or 250 cards/min
Mk~gnetic Tape
15,000 char/sec
150 cards/min may be read from read feed of Type
407 Accounting Machine when attached. A 10-word input buffer is provided which allows computation to
proceed for 272 millisec of the 300 millisec necessary
to reach a card. A 60-word magnetic core buffer is
available between magnetic tape and the magnetic drum.
Each of these words of core is addressable between

IBM RAMAC 650

370

the magnetic tape and the magnetic drum. Each of
these words of core is addressable and can be used
for rapid access storage when not reading or writing
magnetic tape (96 micro sec per word access). Tape
from IBM 702, 704 or 705 Systems can be read by this
tape unit. Rewind time for 2,400 feet of tape is
1.2 minutes. The IBM 650 (RAMAC) (355) and the IBM
650 (Tapes) utilize a 537 Read-Punch Unit operating
at 155 cards/minute.

OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Cards
100 or 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
15,000 char/sec
Line Printer
150 lines/min
(wheel type)
120 char/line
A 10-word output buffer is provided which allows
computation to proceed for 565 milliseconds of the
600 milliseconds necessary to punch a card. A 60word magnetic core buffer is available between the
magnetic tape and the magnetic drum. Each of these
words is addressable and can be used for rapid access
storage when not reading or writing magnetic tape
(96 microseconds per word access). Printer connected directly to main frame of computer through a 10word print buffer. Printer connected to magnetic
tape frame, independent of computer. The IBM 650
RAMAC and IBM 650 Tape Systems utilize a 537 Read
Punch Unit with a speed of 155 cards/minute.

DEMONSTRATION - Dr. James E. Scroggs, computing
center supervisor at the University of Arkansas,
shows Larry David of Beebe, an engineering student,
how the new IBM 650 Computer works. The computing
center at the University is the only one in Arkansas.
(Caption furnished by U. of Arkansas)

Photo by University of Arkansas

CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Type
Tubes

Quantity

6350
5965
6211
5726
5687

545
269
296
107
148
11

12AY7

Type
Diodes

F
M

Quantity

3,302
6~

J
2
Transistors
0
Magnetic Cores
3,600
For a RAMAC 650 with 4 disk units and 6 magnetic
tape units, the total system re~uirement is tubes
5,467; diodes 11,428; transistors 211; and magnetic
cores 3,600.

371

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by Georgia Institute of Technology RECC

CHECKI NG FEATURES
Manufacturer
Validity character check (data and instructions),
non-existent addresses and order codes, double punch
and blank column, overflow of accumulator, divide
check, horizontal and vertical parity checks on
magnetic tape, magnetic tape to card check.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer
Volume, computer
.Area, computer
Weight, computer
USA SCO
Power, computer
Power, air conditioner
Volume, computer
.Area, computer
Room size, computer

17.7
270
45
5,656

KVA
cu ft
sq ft
lbs

77.8
15.0
15,030
1,503
17
15

KVA
KVA
cu ft
sq ft
ft x 69 ft plus
ft x 22 ft
Floor loading
lbs/sq ft
200 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
25 Tons
400 ampere, 4 wire, 3 phase, 60 cycle, 208 volt
power supply. Exhaust hoods and ducts on 650, 655,
652, 653, 774. Filter bank. Ductwork connecting

IBM RAMAC 650

372

existing two ten ton air conditioners to computer
room. Two internal partitions removed.
USA Phila QM Depot
Power, computer Tape 650
52.6 KVA
1,902 cu ft
Volume, computer
Volume, air conditioner 21,000 cu ft
.Area, computer
317 sq ft
.Area, air conditioner
15,000 sq ft
40 ft x 80 ft
Hoom size, computer
Hoom size, air conditioner 100 ft x 50 ft
54 lbs/sq ft
Floor loading
186 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
60 Tons chilled water
Weight, computer
17,070 lbs
Computer Room Floor
$ 7,591
Air Conditioning
46,340
Installing I Beams
1,518
Plate Glass Windows
450
Preparation
4,733
1,442
Ceiling
Lighting
3,351
Power
7,498
Cables & Fittings
1,100
Plumbing
170
1,022
Plaster
Total
$75,215
Air conditioner used to cool computer room is a 60 ton
chill water unit using a 60 HP motor to drive compressor, 15 HP motor to drive condenser ani several

Photo by Indiana University
3 HP units to drive water pumps. This air conditioner
is located in a room with a 75 ton unit used to cool
the EAM Division. The size of the air conditioning
room is approx. 50 ft. x 100 ft. The floor is concrete. The computer air conditioner is designed in
such a way that should it fail, the 75 ton unit will
cut off from the EAM room and convert conditioning
to the computer room.
USN AF
Power, computer
39.4 KVA
Volume, computer
408 cu ft
Area, computer
71.8 sq ft
Room size, computer
552 sq ft
Floor loading
24 lbs/sq ft
900 lbs concen max
Weight, computer
13,370 lbs
Hood and blower system constructed and installed
in ceiling for heat take-off.
USAF San Bernardino AMA
Power, computer
23 Kw
16.8 KVA
0.86 pf
Power, air cond
40 Kw
50 KVA
0.80 pf
Volume, computer
196.4 cu ft
Area, computer
36.4 sq ft
Room size, computer
300 sq ft
Floor loading
290 lbs/sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
50 Tons
Weight, computer
6,263 lbs
Weight, air conditioner 10,500 lbs
Site preparation included modification of approximately 1,320 sq. ft. of a permanent type warehouse.
The modification consisted of installation of ceiling
height partitions, voltage regulators, distribution
panels, 50 TR air conditioner on roof of building
and necessary duct work. Air conditioning system
used jointly with Burroughs 205 Computer System.

373

USAF Hq SAC
Power, computer 36.1 Kw
62.7 KVA
0.85 pf
Volume, computer
9,600 cu ft
Area, computer
1,200 sq ft
Room Size, computer
2B 1/2 ft x 42 ft
Floor loading
22.5 lbs/sq ft
2,972 lbs concen max
Weight, computer
2l,720lbs
Weight, air conditioner
1,500lbs
Installation of a pedestal floor. Air conditioning
plenum. Extension and distribution of existing building power source. Installation of two wall panels
of power circuit breakers in the computer area. Installation of a small "air handler" to augment the
regular main building air conditioning system. Air
conditioner is the main building system.
American Airlines
Area, computer
400 sq ft
Weight, computer
6,198 lbs
Motor driven ventilating fan with exhaust hoods.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
Power, computer 17.6 Kw
17.7 KVA
Volume, computer
194.7 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
48 cu ft
Area, computer
36.1 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
6 sq ft
Room Size, computer
500 sq ft
Floor loading
100 lbs/sq ft
1,000 lbs concen max
Weight, computer
5,491 Ibs
Power outlets provided and air conditioner installed.

IBM RAMAC 650

Photo by University of California LRL
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Power, computer 29.4 Kw
0.82 pf
35.9 KVA
Power, air cond 6.5 Kw
0.88 pf
7.34 KVA
Volume, computer
271 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
3,000 cu ft
Area, computer
49 SCi ft
Area, air conditioner
250 sCi ft
Room size, computer
450 sCi ft
Room size, air conditioner 400 sCi ft
]'loor loading
200 lbs/ sCi ft
1,000 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
37 Tons
Weight, computer
9,135 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
8,500lbs
Installed in existing office building. Added a
raised floor, separate air conditioning eCiuipment
with air supply from ceiling and from floor. Also
separate power panel.
Ford Motor Co.
Volume, computer
348 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
80 cu ft
Area, computer
53 SCi ft
Area, air conditioner
10 sCi ft
Hoom size, computer
500 SCi ft
lnoor loading
150 lbs/SCi ft
160 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 7 1/2 Tons
Weight, computer
8,200 lbs for the 650,
533, and 407
Weight, air conditioner
600 lbs

IBM RAMAG 650

Prefabricated steel and glass partitions to enclose
500 SCi. ft. area. Power lead in. Fresh air intake
to implement the closed - circuit air conditioner.
Water intake and outlet for air conditioner. Air
conditioner is a standard York 7.5 Ton unit.
Littauer Stat. Lab.
Power, computer 15 Kw
0.840 pf
17.7 KVA
Volume, computer
218 cu ft
Area, computer
38 SCi ft
Room size, computer
37 ft x 17 ft
Floor loading
165 lbs/SCi ft
1,500 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 5.25 Tons
Weight, computer
6,263 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
400 lbs
Western Electric Co.
Power, computer 71.8 Kw
90 KVA
0.8 pf
Power, air cond
1~0 Kw
50 KVA
0.8 pf
Volume, computer
12,000 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
3,000 cu ft
Volume, total
15,000 cu ft
Area, computer
1,500 SCi ft
Area, air conditioner
300 SCi ft
Area, total
1,Boo sCi ft
Reom size, computer
30 ft x 50 ft
Room size, air conditioner
k5 ft x 20 ft
Hoom size, total
36 ft x 50 ft
Floor loading
27 lbs/SCi ft
100 lbs/ sCi ft concen max
Capacity, air condition 28 1/2 Tons

374

Univ. of Houston
Nothing special, except power supply. (System is
located in a room originaJ_ly designed for a small
TV studio.)
Yale Univ.
Power, computer
16.8 KVA
Volume, computer
196 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
120 cu ft
Area, computer
36 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
20 sq ft
Room size, computer
800 sq ft
Floor loading
150 lbs/ sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
20 Tons
Weight, computer
5,400 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
1,000 lbs

Weight, computer
32,930 lbs
Weight, air conditioner
5,500 lbs
Raised flooring, wood and glass partitioned room,
air conditioner room; constructed in a brick and
steel building.
Columbia Univ.
Installed on existing reinforced-concrete floor.
Marquette Univ.
New power line distribution installed.
Stanford Univ.
Volume, computer
300 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner
1,225 cu ft
Area, computer
50 sq ft
Area, air conditioner
175 sq ft
Room size, computer
225 sq ft
Room size, air conditioner 250 sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner
40 Tons
Renovate existing 70-year-old stone building; remove partitions; poured slab floor with raceways;
no structural modifications. Air conditioner is
shared with a Burroughs 220 and EAM.

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer
Time required for delivery

---------------------------------------------

8 months

COST PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
p

Basic
650
655
533

Console
Power Supply
Card Read Punch

Manufacturer
Rent/Month
(Incl Maintenance)
$2,400
800
550

Addi tional Equi.pment
Tape and/or File Control Unit (7 Models)
$ 975-$1,950
Core Storage Unit (11 Models)
1,050- 2,425
(With or w/o Index Register and Floating Point)
Magnetic Tape Units (6 maximum)
550
Disk Storage (4 maximum) - 2 models
975
1,500
Inquiry Station (10 maximum)
175
Auxiliary Alphabetic Unit (4 models)
470950
Card Read Punch
700
A/C Machine (with Sync.)
1,000
Card Reader
325
Card Punch
475
Power Supply (2 additional models)
1,100
1,400
USA ESCO
Basic System
The 650, 655, 543, 544, 797, 6 53, 652, 727 (7), 654,
774, 747, 407, and 519 rent at $16,548/month.
Additional Equipment
The 024, 026, 056, 066, 068, 082, 083, 077, 087, 407,
519, 523, 528, 548, and 602 rent at $8,000/month.
Maintenance is included in rental.
USA Richmond QM Depot
Type 650 Machine No. 800
Components special devices and total approximate cost
Type 650 Basic System
$2,400
1 table lookup on equal at $25 ea.
25
1 basic minus circuitry at $16 ea.
16
1 set format at $70 ea.
70
1 modified branch on distributor at $9 ea.
9
Type 533 Card Read Punch w/special devices
868
Type 652 Control Unit
1,350
Type 653 H. S. Storage Unit
Type 655 Power Unit w/Alph. Synchronizer
5 Type 727 Tape Unit at $550 ea.

2,750

$185.00
34.25
52.75

$46,800-$93,600
57,750-133,400

$46.75-$97.50
28.50- 81. 75

18,200
62,200
74,800
7,500
28,700- 57,300
40,000
51 ,000
14,650
20,250
58 ,300
74,200

119·00
194.00
306.00
28.00
23·50- 54.75
53.50
132.00
29·25
31·50
46.00
58.00
$14,238

Type 650 Machine No. 700
Components and special devices and total approximate
cost
Type 650 Basic System
$2,400
1 table lookup on equals
25
1 basic minus OP code
16
1 set format
70
1 modification branch on distributor
9
Type 652 Tape Control and Power Unit
1,050
Type 653 High Speed Buffer Storage (with
HAMPC circuits)

1,990

Type 655 Power Unit w/Alph. Synchronizer

875
2,200

4 Type 727 Tape Units at $550
Type 533 Card Read Punch-w/devices
Total monthly rental
Additional Equipment and Total Approximate
Type 774 Tape Data Selector w/file search
Tape Data Selector Power, Type 747
Type 727 Tape Unit
Type 407 Accounting Machine w/devices
Doc. Orig. Machine
Total IJ.Onthly rental

875
3,900

$115,000
42,400
25,000

Maint. Per Month

Total monthly rental for components and
devices

1,975

4 Type 355 Disk Storage at $975 ea.

Purchase

375

868
$9,503
Cost
$2,500
500
550
1,010
210
$4,770

IBM RAMAC 650

Aux. Alpha Modification
Spec ial Char 11 & 12 only
Total Card Rd, Pch Add E~uip Cost
USAF San Bernardino AMA
Type
Description
Central Processing Unit
650
Power Unit
655
Input Output Unit
533

USN Ali'
Basic System
650 Mdl. 2, 653 Mdl. C2, 727 Mdl. 1 (2), 533 Mdl. 1,
652 Mdl. al, and 655 Mdl. 1 rent at $7,925/month.
Additional E~uipment
.\lpha. Device, Addn. Special Characters and Alpha.
Device Synch. rent at $350/month.
USN Bureau of Naval Weapons
Monthly Rental
Basic System
650 Magnetic Drum Processing Unit
$2,486
655 Power Unit
875
946
5~'3
Card Read Punch
652 Tape Control Unit
1,050
653 Storage Unit
2,425
69~ Alphabetic Unit
690
72rr Magnetic Tape Unit
550
727 Magnet:lc Tape Unit
550
72rr Magnetic Tape Unit
550
'7~7
Magnetic Tape Unit
550
'727 Magnetic Tape Unit
550
727 Magnetic Tape Unit
550
$11,772
Additional Equipment
Monthly Rental
774 Tape Data Selector
$2,500
7l~'7 Tape Data Selector, Power Unit
500
40'( Accounting Machine, Model B3
1,030
519 Document Originating Machine
234
7~~7
Magnetic Tape Unit
550
$4,814
UBAB' H~ MAAMA, Olmsted AFB
Basic
Add E~uip Total
Component
Rental
Cost
Rental
Console, Mdl 2 wit
$2,400
$100
$2,500
Control Unit for Tapes,
1,050
1,050
Mdl Al
Stor Unit Mdl C3
1,975
1,975
Aux Alpha Unit, Mdl 4
13
963
950
Power Unit, Mdl 2
1,100
150
1,250
Tape Unit, Mdl 1
550
550
Tape Unit, Mdl 1
550
550
Tape Unit, Mdl 1
550
550
Tape Unit, Mdl 1
550
550
Tape Unit, Mdl 1
550
550
Card Read Punch
550
903
353
Card Read Punch
903
550
353
System No. 2 Total Basic Rental Cost
$4,293
Rental rates for additional equipment
Rental
Additional E~uipment
Cost
Aux. Synchronizer
$100
Total Console Add E~uip Cost
$100
12 Word Smitch
13
Total Aux Alpha Add E~uip
13
Alph Dev Synchronizer No. 1
75
AJ.ph Dev Synchronizer No. 2
75
Total Power Unit Add Cost
150
Alphabetic Device
175
6 dhl punch blk col detection
48
2 grps Rd, Pch cards selectors
20
2 grps 5-2 Pos Pilot selectors
20
Half-time emmitter Rd & Pch Feed
10
2 grp 4-5 Pos Co-selectors
10
Special Char 11 & 12 only
25
Aux. Alpha Modification
45
Total Card Rd Pch Add E~uip Cost
353
6 grps double pch blank col detec- 48
tion
~~ grps 5-2 Pos Pilot selectors
20
2 grps 4-5 Pos Co-selectors
10
}~lf-time emmitters, Rd & Pch Field
10
2 grps Rd and Pch Selectors
20
Alphabetic Device
175

IBM RAMAC 650

45
25
353
Monthly Rental
Prime Shift
$2,400
990

$4,273
USAF H~ SAC
The system consists of:
650 Console Model 2
652 Control Unit Model Cl
653 Storage Unit Model C3
654 Aux. Alpha Unit Model 2
655 Power Unit Model 1
727 Mag. Tape Unit Modell
747 Tape Data Selector Power
774 Tape Data Selector
The monthly rental is $17,293.
American Airlines
The computer, card read-punch, and power unit rent
at $4,000.10/month.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
Basic System
Cost
Monthly Rental
650 Model 2 Console
$2,400
$150,000
533 Read-Punch
25,000
780
655 Power Unit
42 400
~
Total
$~5$217;400
Additional E~uipment
652 Model Al Control Unit $50,400
$1,050
727 Modell Magnetic Tape 18,200
550
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Basic System
The 650 Console Unit, 655 Power Unit, 533 Card ReadPunch sells for $217,400 and rents at $4,600/month.
Additional E~uipment
The 653 Storage Unit, immediate access storage, automatic floating point, index accumulators and mode
switch, 533-655 Alpha DeVice, extra selectors and
special features cost $154,900 and rents at $2,944
per month.
Matntenance is included in rental contract - approximately $536/month.
Ford Motor Co.
The IBM 650, 533, 407, and 655 rents at $5,800/month.
Li ttauer Stat. Lab
The IBM 650 rents at $1, 662/month. All other machines
from key punch to tabulator rent at $528/month.
RCA SerVice Co., BMEWS Project
Model
Description
Monthly Charge
650
Console
$2,400
655
Power Unit
800
14
Synchronizer
75
E91844 Min. works 11 & 12, 7 & 8
115
533
Read Punch Unit
550
13
Alpha Feature
175
300
DPBC Detection (6)
48
705
Co-Selectors (2)
10
729
Read and Punch Code Selectors (2)
20
323
Emitter (Read Feed)
5
776
Spec. Char. Feature
25
E91844 Input
30
407
Accounting Machine
920
54
Automatic Control (2)
10
899
Zero & Spec. Char. Control (4)
40
514
Reproducing Punch
125
328
Punch Emitter
3
201
Class Selectors (2)
8
551
M/S Punch Feed
50
807
Collator
245
RPQ88506
75
83
Sorter
110

376

26
65
774
557
628
606
325
780

Alpha Sorting
Card Counter
Sort Suppression
Alpha Interpreter
Proof Device
Print Entry Control
Emitter
Spec. Char. Printing

15
7

USN AF

165
30

5
3
10

""lb,09b

Western Electric Co.
The 650 (1) - $2,400; 655 (1) - $1,250; 533 (1) $833;
and 407 (1) - $1,240 are rented.
The 653 (1) - $1,975; 355 (1) - $975; 774 (1) - $2,400j
519 (1) - $258; 407 (1) - $1,023; 727 (6) - $3,300;
652 (1) - $1,350; 747 (1) - $500; and 727 (1) - $550;
are rented.
Columbia Univ.
The 650, 533, 655, Floating POint, Indexing, Alphabetic, and Special Character rent at $67,200/year,
total.
The 407, 026, 026, 080, 077, 519 rent at a total
of $14,500/year.
Marquette Univ.
The IBM 650, 533, 2 keypunches, reproducer, and
printer rent at $1, 850/month.
Stanford Univ.
The 650, 655, and 533 rent at $2,400 + 875 + 780
per month less 60% educational contribution.
The 402 rents at $430 per month, less 60% educational contribution.
Maintenance is included in rental.
Univ. of Houston
IBM 650 with alphabetic and special characters, 026
collator, 407 reproducer.
Yale Univ.
4 keypunches (026), 1 re~roducer (519), 1 tabulator (407), 1 collator (087), 1 interpreter (557),
1 sorter (082), and 1 statistical sorter cost $39,000
(including 60% discount).
The 650 drum unit, power unit, read punch unit rents
at $4,OOO/month (less 60% educational discount).
$938/month less discount for special character deVice, additional selectors, half time read emitter,
digit set punch feed, additional double punch detection units.
Maintenance included in rental.

PERSONNEL REQU I REMENTS
Manufacturer
Complete programming and advanced programming training available as well as individual installation
assistance.
USA ESCO
1st 8-Hour
2nd 8-Hour
3rd 8-Hour
Shift
Shift
Shift
Supr & Adm
16
1
2
Analysts
5
Programmers
32
Clerks & Sec. 13
2
3
Librarians
1
Operators
21
10
19
Engineers IBM
In-Output Oper 2
2
2
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training includes IBM schools and on··
the-job training.

377

One 8-Hour Shift
Used
Recomn1ended
Supervisors
1
1
Analysts
7
7
Programmers
2
2
Operators
1
1
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used includes manufacturer's
training classes, on-the-job training, and special
"on station" classes for symbolic coding.
USAF San Bernardino AMA
SBAMA EDP personnel requirements support the logistical mission. Additional personnel support the PCAM
effort. PCAM is utilized in an integrated data processing system to provide extra off-line capability.
Coders are included in the programmer category.
Because of the varying quantitative effect and diverse character of the workload in the AMC logistical support, an inflexible recommendation of personnel
was not attempted. Cross-trained personnel qualified
to employ techniques in various computer configurations provide system flexibility.
Engineers and technicians to service and maintain
the EDP equipment are provided on a contractual baSis
by the manufacturer concerned.
Extra shift time for analysts, programmers and
clerks is not on a regularly scheduled basis. Whenever the workload demands, personnel hours are specially scheduled.
System analysis, development and programming staff
operate on one 8-hour daily shift, 5 days per week.
Computer operations staff work on three 8-hour daily
shifts, 7 days weekly. Supervision is included under
Burroughs 220 Computer System operations staff.
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used includes formal training
by manufacturer and on-the-job training.
USAF Hq SAC
Three 8-Hour Shifts
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
2
2
Analysts, Programmers & Coders 11
10
Clerks
1
Librarians
2
Operators
5
10
Engineers
2
3
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used includes manufacturer's
instruction classes, on-the-job training, and internally conducted instruction classes.
U. S. Dept. of Interior
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors
1
Analysts
5
Operators
1
Engineers
IBM
Operation tends toward combination open and closed
shop. Some engineers in design branches write their
mm programs with assistance from the Engineering
Applications Section of the Automatic Data Processing
Branch. The Engineering Applications Section also
prepares programs and makes production calculations
on a closed shop basis for many design and project
offices.
Design engineers of some years experience in the
Denver office are detailed to the Engineering Applications Section for 90 days to learn computer capabilities, problem formulation, and programming and
coding techniques. Younger engineers spend 90 days
in the Section on Rotation Schedules. Filed personnel
are detailed to the Section to learn requirements
for the preparation of field data as well as basic
computer techniques.

IBM RAMAC 650

Columbia Univ.

American Airlines
One 8-Hour Shift
1
Programmers
1
O])erators
Operation tends toward open shop.
Method.s of training used are on-the-job training
supplemented by classroom, and instruction provided
by the vendor.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
One 8-Hour Shift
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
2
2
Analysts
3
3
Programmers
2
2
Clerks
2
2
1
Operators
1
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training used includes on-the-job,
equipment manufacturer's schools, and college courses.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
One combined EAM and computer operations supervisor, one machine methods supervisor, one applied
mathematics supervisor. It is hoped that translators
will be developed to the state that coders will not
be required. The clerk controls data and schedules
use. Three operators trained so we can operate 24
hours per d.ay if necessary. Service is supplied by
manufacturer. We operate and pay rental based on
1'76 hours per month as one shift rather than the
standard 8 hours per day shift.
We do not feel that the present size of our staff
is ideal for us or anyone else. It ·would not be
practical to obtain as large a staff as would be
needed to E,tudy all problems simultaneously.
One 8-Hour Shift
SupervisorE,
3
Analysts
4
Pro grammer E:
4
Coders
2
Clerks
1
Operators
3
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used includes manufacturer
training courses and on-the-job training.
Littauer Stat. Lab
Two 8-Hour Shifts
Used
Recommended
SupervisorB
2
2
Analysts
3
5
Programmer::;
10
8
Clerk::;
2
2
Ltbrarians
1
1
Operators
2
2
In-Output Oper
1
Operation tends toward open ::;hop.
Methods of training used includes on-the-job training along with some introductory SOAP and FORTRAN
classes at IBM.
Western Electric Co.
One 8-Hour Shift
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
1
1
Programmers
4
4
Clerks
1
1
Librarians
1
1
In-Output Oper
2
2
Methods of training used include IBM 650 class,
systems analysis, industrial engineering, and work
sJmplification.

IBM RAMAC 650

378

Two G-Hour Shifts
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
1
Programmers
5
6
Operators
1
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training used includes IBM sponsored
classes and practical experience.
Marquette Uni v .
One 8-Hour Shift
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
1
1
Analysts
1
1
Operation tends toward open shop.
Univ. of Houston
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors
1
Analysts
1. 5
Programmers
1
Clerks
2
Operators
1
Operation tends toward open shop.
Yale Univ.
One 8-Hour Shift
Used
Recommended
Supervisors
1
Analysts
1
Programmers
3
2
Coders
3
Clerks (student aides)
3
3
Lili~rians
0
1
Operators
0
1
Engineers
Supplied by IBM
Methods of training used includes classroom instruction by manufacturer, classroom instruction by staff
of University, and occasional individual instruction.

RELIAB I LlTY, OPERATI NG EXPER I ENCE
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

USA ESCO
Average error-free running period
40 Hours
440.7 Hours/Mo. (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
454.3 Hours/Mo. (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.97
Above figures based on period from Oct 59 to May 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Jul 57
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
USN AF
Good time
33.5 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
34.3 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.977
Above figures based on period 1 Feb 60 to 31 Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
1 Jan 58
Time is available to other government agencies and
their contractors.
USN Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Good time
77 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
81 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95
Above figures based on period 1 Apr 60 to 30 Jun 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test Apr 56
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Average running period in which no machine failures
are experienced is 38 hours. There has been no experience where the computer has produced erroneous data
that has not been detected through machine check
points. Scheduled preventive maintenance by the
manufacturer's customer engineer amounts to 6 hours

weekly. The attempted to run time indicated above
does not include test and debug time.
USAF SB P.J!JA
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
1 Apr 60
Time is not available ~or rent to outside organizations.
USAF H'l AFSWC, Kirtland AFB
Good time
36 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.90
Above ~igures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 1 May 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
1 Dec 55
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
USAF H'l SAC
Average error-free running period
100 Hours
Good time
134 HourS/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
138 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.97
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 31 Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 23 Dec 58
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
E'luipment is regularly scheduled 24 hours per day,
7 days per week.
U. S. Dept. of Interior
Average error-free running period
81.0 Hours
37.4 HourS/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
38.7 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.968
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 30 Jun 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
8 Dec 59
Time is available for rent to 'lualified outside organizations.
Scheduled preventive maintenance: 3 hours per week
Unscheduled down time:
1.25 hrs/week for period 1 Jan 60 thru 30 Jun 60
0.35 hrs/week fpr period 1 Mar 60 thru 30 Jun 60
American Airlines
Good time
33 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.989
Above figures based on period from Jan 59 to Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Jan 59
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
35 HourS/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
35 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
1.0
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 59 to 1 Jan 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Oct 58
Time is available for rent to outside organizations.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
104 Hours
Average error-~ree running period
49.5 Hours/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
50 Hours/Week (Average)
Above ~igures based on period from Aug 58 to Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Jun 58
Time is available for rent to 'lualified outside organizations. Operating r~tio - 0.99
With six exceptions, all machine ~ailures have been
in the 533 card read and punch unit. The computer
has made only one error which it failed to detect.
Ford Motor Co.
Average error-free running period
Two Weeks
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
41 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.975
Above ~igures based on period 1 May 60 to 31 May 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
1 Aug 59
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.

379

Littauer Stat. Lab.
Average error-free running period
One Month
Good time
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
40.5 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.99
Above figures based on period 1 Feb 60 to 29 Feb 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
1957
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Western Electric Co.
37 Hours/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.925
Above ~igures based on period 16 May 60 to 17 Aug 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Aug 59·
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Columbia Univ.
Average error-free running period Intermittent - as
long as a week
Good time
60 HourS/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
75 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.80
Above ~igures based on recent period
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
Jul 58
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Mar'luette Univ.
Good time
39 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.98
Passed Customer Acceptance Test Aug 58
Time is available ~or rent to 'lualified outside organizations.
Stan~ord Univ.
Time is not available for rent to outside organizations.
Usage of this system is erratic, since it is largely
by students whose demands tend to peak at ends of
'luarters.
Univ. o~ Houston
Good time
48 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
56 HourS/Week (Average)
Operating ratio
0.857
Above figures based on period from 56 to 60
Time is available ~or rent to outside organizations.
Yale Univ.
Good time
95 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time
100 Hours/~eek (Average)
Operating ratio
0.95
Above figures based on period from Jul 57 to Aug 60
Time is available ~or rent to educational institutions only.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Manu~acturer

Outstanding reliability and per~ormance. Larg¢
amount of customer experience and interchange of
programming approaches and techni'lues.
USA ED, Omaha
Outstanding features are the machine is extremely
reliable, card drive is well suited ~or solution o~
engineering problems, easy to program, debug and
operate, and is well suited ~or scientific computations.
Several new machines have been announced whiqh
appear to o~fer e'lual speed and reliability with the
IBM 650 at a lower cost. These machines are being
analyzed in an effort to provide this o~fice with
the best machinery, compatible with our workload, at
the lowest possible cost.

IBM RAMAC 650

USA ER & DL
Outstanding features include self checking features
of IBM 650 makes results more reliable and card
system facilities program debugging and development
changes.
USA EWES
Outstanding features include internal validity
checking of all data and instructions, ease of programming, and availability of large program library.
Unique system advantages include input/output by
punched cards allows maximum flexibility in data and
programming.
USA CE USAED, North Pacific
Outstanding features are system is very dependable
and relatively easy to program.
USA ESCO
Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and pbysical, electrical, fire, or other damage
include the use of press-on labels. The reels are
placed in plastic containers. The plastic containers
are kept in metal files. Shipping is in plastic cases
within 35 mm film metal containers within boxes.
Tapes are stored in the air conditioned computer room.
USA Ord Frankford Arsenal
Outstanding features include random access ability
to do a great deal of in-line processing while updating inventory records on a daily basis and ability
to provide substitute items in one pass by use of
chaining all substitutes in Ramac with the preferred
items.
Unique system advantages ·include ease of file
maintenance by utilizing the federal SiN only once
throughout the 4 Ramac units. The key to additional
trailer records is the 5 digit Ramac address. No
tape sorting is used by utilizing Ramac to the utmost
advantage.
Contents of Ramac is dumped on magnetic tape weekly
and stored in another location in the arsenal. Inventory and other records are exchanged at an alternate'site on a monthly basis.
USA Ord Feltman Res. & Eng. Labs.
Outstanding features are alphabetic - special character device (useful in symbolic and automatic programming), automatic floating decimal arithmetic and
index registers.
USA Ord Anniston Ord Depot
Unique system advantage is random access to stored
data.
The procedures established by the manufacturer for
magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and physical,
electrical, fire, or other damage are followed by
this depot.
USA Richmond QM Depot
The labelling of magnetic tapes is a permanent reel
number and they are filed in numerical sequence. The
tape librarian collaborates with supervisors and
establishes a temporary title for the tape. A file
of cards is maintained by reel number and they are
arranged in numerical sequence within tapes in use,
tapes in reserve, permanent tapes and available tapes.
The tapes in use are also filed in numerical sequence
within the date they will again be available. This
enables the librarian to take a daily inventory of
tapes available, and tapes to be available. The
librarian checks all returned tapes for damage or
report of faulty operation.
The tapes are stored in metal filing cabinets and
the room Which contains them satisfies the temperature and hlmidity control set up by the tape manufacturers.

IBM RAMAC 650

380

No smoking is allowed while handling the tapes as
a fire precaution.
For a 650 System with magnetic tape and/or disk
storage, a suitable area for use by the customer
engineers, maintaining the installation, should be
provided by the customer. Minimum 50 sq. ft. 10 ft
x 5 ft. A Pass and Seymour No. 7250 receptacle (or
equivalent) should be installed for powering the tape
drive tester.
USN Air Dev. Cen.
Outstanding features include Ramac, tapes, alphabetiC,
floating point, index registers, and scientific applications.
USN Avionics Facility
For the storage of magnetic tape, the humidity is
regulated between 20% and 80%. The temperature is
0
held between 70 and 80~. Tapes are protected by
dust covers.
USN Bureau of Naval Weapons
Reels and cans are labeled by job number. Tape
library is in separate air conditioned room and consists of tape racks and shelves.
USN Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Consider the accuracy of the computer as outstanding
and no serious delay due to downtime has been experienced during a period exceeding four years.
USAF Mobile .AMA
Outstanding feature is range of hardWare from
small to large scale permits automatic data processing of workloads of varying scope, complexity, and
sophistication.
Unique system advantage: Standardization of eqUipment configurations within the Air Materiel Command,
USAF, provides for processing of centrally designed
and programmed systems, command wide.
Tape procedures: Tape storage is accomplished in
secure storage vault with the same temperature and
humidity controls required for the ADPE. Personnel
traffic control is emphasized in machine processing
and tape storage areas. Each tape reel is permanently labelled with a tape serial number When it enters
the tape inventory. In addition to a label on the
magnetic tape itself, each reel is labelled to identify information on magnetic tape. Perpetual inventory and tape history, including incidence of error
conditions, is maintained for each reel of magnetic
tape. Fire hazards and electrical interference are
strictly controlled in the machine processing and
tape storage area. Standard cardboard tape shipping
containers have been used with minor incidence of
breakage to plastic reel containers, and negligible
tape or tape reel damage or distortion of data.
USAF APGC (PGCS), Eglin AFB
Unique system advantages are accuracy, moderate cost,
sub-routine availability, central air conditioning
system. System has two additional alpha word.s.
USAF Hq Europe
Outstanding features are equipment very reliable
and high level of production is maintained.
'I'apes have both physical external label and internal tape header and trailer records. Programs automatically check internal labels. Tapes stored in
fire proofed air conditioned vault and shipped in
manufacturers' containers.
EDPS is used on varied applications ranging from
business type record keeping to psuedo-scientific
computations. EDPS functions as part of headquarters
data processing center equipped with conventional
punched card equipment (PCAM) , auditing staffs & etc.

USAF Hq MATS, Scott AFB
Tapes are identified with a label which indicates
program which generated the tape, as of date, tape
number, and number of tapes in the series. All tapes
are stored in a fireproof vault. The humidity and
temperature are controlled by the central air conditioner.
USAF Hq SAC
The outstanding feature is the random access, large
capacity storage.
Entire tape library is located within the computer
room. Shipping tapes is generally by mail - packaged
in original plastic envelope and carton. Tapes are
labelled by machine recording and affixing a standard
format adhesive label th the exterior of the reel.
USAF 2709th AF Vehicle Control Gp.
An outstanding feature is the alphabetic device.
Unique system advantages include speed, reliability,
efficient storage, ability to re-code, and word size
emitter.
Tape storage is under a water sprinkling system
and enclosed in an air conditioned room.
U. S. Dept. of Interior
System used is basic IBM 650 with alphabetic device,
half-time emitter on read feed, additional pilot
selectors, co-selectors, read and punch code selectors, and double punch and blank column detection.
Additional equipment was added to permit use of SOAP,
SIR, and FORTRANSIT.
US Treasury Dept., Internal Revenue Service
Outstanding features (as compared to previous
equipment (IBM Type 604s)) include stored programs,
one computer instead of a battery of computers, and
variable, rather than fixed, speed.
Unique system advantages include a wider range of
applications is now feasible and experience has been
gained in the use of stored-program equipment.
Bell Telephone Labs., Inc.
An outstanding feature is accuracy and speed.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
Duplicate program decks and procedures stored in
separate, distant area.
Chase Manhattan Bank
Outstanding feature is that the system is completely self-checking.
A unique system advantage is the availability of
tape driven tabulator known as tape data selector.
Air conditioning and humidity controls are employed. Records required for reconstruction of magnetic
tape data stored at Records Center at Granite Springs,
New York.
Combustion Engineering, Inc.
Outstanding feature include three index accumulationsj six tape units, and floating decimal operation.
Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling,
storage, shipping, and protection from humidity,
temperature and physical, electrical, fire, or other
damage are monitored by tape librarian, who is responsible for maintaining, storing, and shipping
tapes. The Computer Center was designed with the
above described hazards in mind.
Educational Testing Service
An outstanding feature is the reliability of systemminimum of down time with limited amount of scheduJ.ed
preventive maintenance time.
Emerson Electric Mfg. Co.
Paper inserted into slots on the reel and gummed
tape are used for visual identification of magnetic
tape reels. Magnetic labels are inserted in tape
files at the beginning of a reel for computer program identification of the reel.

Cleveland Engine Plants, FOMOCO
An outstanding feature is that computer includes

alphabetic devices.
LinCOln-Mercury Div., FOMOCO
A unique system advantage is more and better data at
less processing cost.
Tractor & Implement Div., FOMOCO
Tapes are stored in f'ire-resistant safe located in
computer room, which is temperature and humidity
controlled.
Adv. Prod. Study & Engrg. Res. Office, FOMQCO
Equipment used with this system also includes a
punched-card to curve point plotter (Benson-Lehner)
and a B-L Model "K" OSCAR, Oscillogram-to-Punched
Card Data Transcription Device.
In addition to the IBM 650 Digital Computer, this
activity also operates a 120-amplifier analog computer installation, using equipment manufactured by
Electronic Associates and Goodyear Aircraft Corporation. This equipment is used primarily for solution
of problems in vibration, vehicle stability and
servo system design.
A. C. Spark Plug Div., General Motors Corp.
Outstanding features include automatic floating
decimal device, index registers, and core storage.
Tape records are kept on IBM cards and a report
submitted weekly on tapes stored. Tapes are stored
in air conditioned room in metal cabinets. No need
to ship tapes.
Littauer Stat. Lab.
Outstanding features are low rates for university
research, iImnediate machine scheduling, and small
staff and personalized service.
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.
A unique system advantage is the in-line method of
processing reduces processing time.
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp.
Outstanding features are better than 90% utilization,
100% use of storage on most work gives strong competitive position, no control board changes; all programs
written by computer center; they use one board, index
accumulators, and floating decimal point hardware,
enabling more rapid programming and computing ot
scientific problems.
Republic Aviation Corp.
Outstanding features are read punch, floating point
arithmetic, index registers, and auxiliary core
storage.
Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., New York
Outstanding features are floating point arithmetic
and 700 series compatibility.
All tapes are stored in computer room. No special
precautions taken in relation to protection from
humidity, temperature and physical, electrical, fire,
or other damage.
Standard Oil Co. of California
A unique system advantage is its self-checking capability.
New York Stock Exchange
A unique system advantage is reduction of card handling to a minimum.
United Gas Corp.
An outstanding feature is accuracy through validity
check points.
Western Electric Co.
Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and physical, electrical, fire, or other damage,
include tape librarian, system for purging tapes,
open files in library room, and temperature and hwnidi ty control.

IBM RAMAC 650

Western Electric Co., Allentown Works
Outstanding features are dual card read feeds (through
IBM 533 and IBM 407 Units) and elimination of the
need to collate master and detail card decks.
Western Electric Co., Indianapolis
An outstanding feature is index registers, which
allow address modifications thereby reducing program
size and programming effort. Random 'access plus
building block feature to provide for flexibility
for required memory capacity.
Labelling - tape reels are externally labeled; in
addition a tape mark is written containing the purge
date.
Storage - Current tapes are stored in the computer
room in wr:lght-line tape cabinets.
Protection - Previous generation tapes are placed
in plastic bags and stored in a vault located in
another area of the plant.
Western Electric Co., Omaha
~lchine is equipped with following features:
Alphabetic Device
Special Character Device Group I
20 Pilot Selectors
16 Co-Selectors
Digit Emitter on Read and Punch
Half Time Selectors on Read and Punch
Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem
Outstanding feature is the on-line IBM 407 Printer.
Georgia Institute of Tech., Rich ECC
Outstanding feature is the large library of subroutines and simplified programming systems (i.e. B.G.P.S.,
:B'ortran) .
Indiana Univ.
A unique .system advantage is ease of programming was
important in the open shop operation.
Iowa State Univ.
This 650 is used on an open shop basis, 24 hours a
day if and when desired by the users. The users conBist of all departments on the campus who have computing needs. The 650 is located in the Statistical
I~boratory Which in turn consults, teaches and uses
the 650 in the normal course of its daily activities.
Johns Hopkins Univ.
An outstanding feature is the alphabetic attachment.
Louisiana State Univ.
Outstanding features are index registers and automatic floating point device.
Oklahoma State Univ.
Outstanding features are special characters groups
1 and 2, floating point, index registers, and core
storage.
Univ. of Mississippi
'rhe system is a commercially available one, with no
modifications made or proposed.
Univ. of Southern Cal., Aeronautic Lab. Dept.
A unique £.ystem advantage is the ability to reduce
test data on-line without disadvantages of direct
connection of computer to instrumentation.
Oniy. of Wisconsin
General-purpose system suited to very wide variety
o f problems.
Tapes are kept in machine room. No special procedures or precautions.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
'l'he wide-Bpread use of this system provides excellent
opportunities for interchange of programs.
See "ILLIAC" file for 650 information.

IBM RAMAC 650

FUTURE PLANS
USA ED, Omaha
Projected Equipment Procurements
Retain the installed IBM 650 Csrd-operated Electronic Computer in its present form through FY 1961.
Provide a second shift computer operation when
computer utilization exceeds a continuous 100%.
Provide a tape drive, floating decimal'and index
accumulators when the capacity of the present machine
is exceeded. This should become necessary during
FY 1962 or 1963.
Continue to evaluate new equipment in order to provide the best and most modern equipment consistent
with cost and district requirements.
Projected Plans for Increasing Computer Utilization
Provide top level direction of the computer operation.
Encourage all district organizations to utilize
the computer facilities and to provide technical
assistance where needed.
Teach all scientific and engineering personnel to
perform computer programming.
Provide a computer staff with engineering and scientific technical ability.
Conti.nue the training of computer specialist in
order to provide an adequate staff.
USA Eng. Res. & Dev. Lab.
A digital plotter has been added. This is a high
resolution point and line plotter for up to 30 x 30
inches, symbols, or continuous photo.
USAE. Waterways Exp. Sta.
Consideration is being given to the addition of
automatic floating point arithmetic and index registers as extra features to the present machine in
order to provide capability sufficient to meet present and foreseeable needs.
USA GE, USA ED, North Pacific
Our complex reservoir system planning and operational
analyses requirements indicate a larger system is
necessary for comprehensive analyses wherein optimization of reservoir regulation on a system basis can
be accomplished. Currently the restrictions on memory
capacity and computing speed limit the amount of work
which can be accomplished in this connection. This
need, together with our increasing computer work
load on other engineering studies and possible extension of the work into the comptroller field, has
led to the investigation of possibilities of extending the present system and of utilizing a larger
scale computer system. It appears feasible in the
future to extend our present 650 system to include a
653 Immediate Access Storage which includes 60 additional words of high speed memory, floating point
(decimal locating) accumulators, and indexing registers or replace the 650 system with one of approximate or greater capabilities of the expanded system
at possibly lesser cost. This would give us an
effective increase of speed and memory which would
assist in meeting our foreseeable immediate requirements. An IBM 407 Accounting Machine, which is on
an average 50 cards per minute faster then the installed 402, would facilitate listing, tabulating
and summarizing data. There is some evidence that a
system other than the 650 system with on line printing
capabilities may better serve the requirements of
this Division.

USA ESCO
Proposed systems changes are currently deferred pending decision on Single Manager for Construction
assignment within the Corps of Engineers which will,
in some areas require larger computer systems in
accordance with the volume received. However, data
processing systems as produced, are constantly being
investigated and evaluated. Currently, a study of
the IBM 1401 Data Processing System is being performed.
USA Ord Frankford Arsenal
It is planned to replace 3 Modell Ramac Units by
2 Model 2 (Double Density Units). This will provide
a needed additional 10,000 of random access storage
for an additional $75.00 per month.
A request is in process to replace our present tape
data selector and all its components by an IBM 1401.
This replacement will provide much more speed in
printing reports and will enable us to use the 1401
for small projects requiring computation. It will
be used for specific tape jobs now being accomplished
on the 650. This replacement is practically the same
rental but will provide a much more flexible ADP
operation.
USA Ord Feltman Res. & Eng. Labs.
Installation of a large-scale digital computing system is under consideration. Present large-scale
problems are run by local personnel and contractors
on machines available off the Arsenal. 'Present
applications are increasing rapidly and new applications of major proportions are anticipated. Target
date for installation of an IBM 709 on a rental
basis is tentatively set for January 1961. An IBM
1401 will be used for auxiliary off-line operations.
The IBM 650, which is now used for the major part of
two shifts on problems which can be accommodated
within its speed and storage capacity, will be returned to the manufacturer upon installation of the
large-scale system.
USA Ord Watervliet Arsenal
As soon as studies can be completed the following
additional applications will be placed on the computer:
Supply inventories, personnel statistics, nationwide gage inventory, planning and estimating, material
control, appropriation accounting, general accounting,
tooling inventory, machine loading and scheduling,
and preventive maintenance program.
USA Ord Anniston Ord Depot
It is anticipated that an IBM 1401 Data Processing
System will be acquired to replace the present tape
data selector system.
At present there are studies being made of some
13 areas of data processing for possible mechanization.
USA Richmond QM Depot
Future plans are now being taken into consideration
by a planning group composed of programmers and
analysts. Future plans call for the integration of
the IBM 7070. This will be augmented by the 1401.
This will most likely modify our present system by
replacing the one 650 system (with disk storage).
Work volume under the new single manager will eventually determine our proposed systems.
USA Signal Corps School
Installation of militarized computer to be used
for educational purposes.
Expansion of computer laboratory and facilities
(proposal).
USN Service Center
Analysis is now in progress to replace the IBM 650
with either an IBM 1401 or RCA 301 Card System. Both
systems have the capacity for expansion and installation of either would result in an overall savings to

Navy. Those savings would be both tangible and intangible.
USN Air Development Center
Research and development program on ACL Digital Data
Center which gives added capability to data handling
capabilities.
USN Bureau of Naval Weapons
This system is due to be removed soon, to be replaced
with a later model system.
USN New York Naval Shipyard
This activity has recently recommended the acqUlsltion of an intermediate size tape computer. Proposed
applications, i.e., payroll, supply, cost, scheduling,
are more readily adaptable to tape syEtems as a.gainst
EAM card systems. The computer considered to meet
this shipyard requirement is the National Cash Register NCR 304 Machine.
USN Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
A study is under way regarding replacement of the
IBM Type 533 Card Read Punch Unit by an IBM Type 543
Card Reader and an IBM Type 544 Card Punch to increase computer availability time through these
faster input-output units. Indications at this time
point to such action.
Plans are under way to develop an integrated data
processing system for the shipyard and when finally
developed, and if approved, will require a larger
scale computer system.
USN Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
Design of integrated system (procedures) currently
being performed in connection with proposed installation of an IBM 7070 Data Processing (magnetic tape)
System.
USN Supply Center, Oakland
NSC, Oakland is presently analyzing and programming
for Philco 2000 Computer. This equipment is slated
for delivery. The equipment on order includes the
following components:
Quantity
1
Model 210 Arithmetic & Control Unit, Console
and Typewriter, including 8 index registers.
1
Model 2204 ~ignetic Core Storage Unit (4096
words)
11
Model 234 Magnetic Tape Units, 2 units, on
line/off line
1
Model 235 Input-Output Processor (16Xl)
1
Model 256 Printer System (900 Ipm), on line/
off line
1
Model 258 Punched Card Reader (2000 Ipm), on
line/Off line
1
Model 259 Punched Card Control Unit
1
Model 260 Card Punch (100 Ipm), on line/off
line
2
Model 280 Universal Buffer Control Units
Initial applications for the 2000 will be inventory
control for 670,000 stock items, both quantitatively
and financially; requisition status for all inputs;
civilian payrolls; labor distribution; and employees
savings bond accounting.
USAF Hq MAAMA, Olmsted AFB
Implementation of a mechanized payroll system providing for preparation of civilian payroll checks,
bond issuance program, and leave and earning statement is scheduled for December 1960.
USAF Mobile AMA
Applications: ExpanSion, integration, and sophistication of current systems will saturate computer capabilities for the immediate future.
Equipment: TransiBtorized equipment is on order
(IBM Type 1401) to replace currently installed auxiliary equipment for card to tape, tape to card,
printing, and data selection functions. The use of
this equipment for edit and sort operations, simple

IBM RAMAC 650

main frame runs, and possible PCAM applications is
being explored. Long range plans include the acquisition of large scale, solid state data processing
equipment.
USAF San Bernardino AMA
Future developments involving EDPE in AMC activities
are generated at Hq AMC, Wright-Patterson AF Base,
Dayton, Ohio.
USAF Hq AFSWC, Kirtland AFB
A. change of systems is anticipated during FY 62.
Determination of system to be utilized has not been
made at this time.
USAF APGC (PGCS), Eglin AFB
5~·3 Card Reader and 544 Card Ptmch scheduled to repJ.ace 533.
USAF Hq, Europe
An increase in utilization is anticipated due to an
expansion of a present data analysis application.
Future plans indicate a requirement for larger capacity equipment within two years.
USAF Hq MATS
Because of the increasing demands of the MATS staff
for more and varied statistical information necessary
for proper management, this installation is planning
on a transition to a "second generation" computer
during 1961. The application in which the greatest
expansion is expected to occur is the field of operation and traffic.
USAF Hq, Pacific
Request has been made for a larger capacity computer
to permit advancement in electronic data processing.
USAF Hq PACAF
Requirements for a system with greater capacity and
speed to meet demands for weather applications and
other classified programs will be undertaken shortly
with a projected installation date of 1 July 1961.
USAF ROAMA, Griffiss AFB
One 650 being retired.
USAF Hq SAC
The 650 Tape RAMAC System will be replaced by an
NCR 304 EDP System. The primary application will
remain in the personnel accounting and authorizations
area. The processing will be extensively altered,
however, to include "machine decisions" on most
manning actions and personnel transfers throughout
the command.
USAF 2709th AF Vehicle Control Gp.
Retirement of stock control and distribution (inventory management) application is contingent upon
implementation on Type 705 EDPE.
New application is to be monetary property management.
California Division of Highways
We are continually developing new applications,
however, overall usage has leveled off.
New equipment will be obtained when faster compilation and additional storage are available at approximately the same price.
U. S. Dept. of Interior
Ad.di tional applications will be put on computer in
future as need develops and after it is known they
are proper problems for the equipment.
U. S. Treasury Dept., Internal Revenue Service
Fu.ture plans fall into two categories:
Short range: Internal Revenue will convert present
processes to an IBM 7070 System at Lawrence, Mass.,
Kansas City, Mo., and Ogden, Utah. Each 7070 System
will perform the work now done by a 650 and the sizeable battery of EAM equipment which supports it.
Each 7070 System will use magnetic tape as the principal medium of computer input and output. IBM 1400
series equ:I.pment will be employed for card-to-tape
conversion and printing and, in addition, each system

IBM RAMAC 650

will include Type 408 Printers. Operations on these
systems will begin 1 January 1961 at Lawrence and
1 January 1962 at Kansas City and Ogden.
Long range: Internal Revenue is developing plans
for an automatic data processing system which will
be centered around a master file of U.S. taxpayers'
accounts and which will incorporate the bulk of the
present returns processing and other clerical and
accounting processes. The planned installations
are a computer center which will maintain the master
file, and peripheral service centers which will send
data to, and receive data from, the computer center.
The system is scheduled to begin operational tests
1 January 1962 in the computer center and one service
center. Present schedules call for phased extension
of the system over the period from then until 1969.
American Airlines
Proposed replacement by IBM 7070.
Crosley Div., Avco Corp.
We plan to increase our digital computing capacity
during the last half of 1961. The equipment being
considered are the IBM 7070 with 1401, and the
Honeywell 800 with the 400. No definite decision will
be made on these machines until all studies are complete. Present tentative plans call for using the
equipment for such commercial applications as: production scheduling, inventory control, and personnel
time allocation, as well as for all the scientific
computations.
Bell Telephone Labs., Inc.
Planning for either an additional IBM 650 Machine or
an IBM 1401 Machine.
Bendix Aviation Corp., Res. Labs. Div.
Will replace present systems with following system
in the Fall of 1961.
Bendix G20 Computer, 8K Core Memory, line printer,
card input-output, and auxiliary card handling equipment.
Braniff Airways, Inc.
Now making study of tape system to replace present
computer. New applications being considered are
flight crew scheduling and utilization, and flight
equipment maintenance scheduling.
Bridgeport Brass Co.
Possible acquisition of more powerful computer for
new or expanded applications.
The Chase Manhattan Bank
An RCA 501 is to be installed for demand deposit
accounting. A Univac Solid State 80 is to be installed for corporate trust accounting. An IBM 1401
is to be installed for payroll and employee benefits
work.
Combustion Engineering, Inc.
We anticipate receiving a IBM 7070 to replace the
650 unit. Also, we will lease an IBM 1401. No alteration in the computer site will be necessary.
With the addition of the above described units
present program and systems will be converted. These
units will permit us to install an effective long
range scheduling system to cover the major portion
of our manufacturing business. Also, a system is
being developed which will indicate the state of
our contracts.
More comprehensive programs will be developed for
equipment design, stress and thermal analysis problems.
Convair-Pomona, General Dynamic's
We will install new card input/output equipment.
l~e 533 will be replaced with an IBM 543 and IBM
544. This will increase input speed 25% and output
speed 150%.
Convair-Fort Worth
High speed input-output 543 and 544 on order.

Tennessee Eastman Co.
By assigning a project team to each of our three
manufacturing areas we hope to coordinate all work
in each area toward a master plan using the total
systems approach.
A separate section, Applied Mathematics, was recently established to serve as consultants and to
apply scientific techniQues to eQUipment and process
design problems, management problems, and analysis
of experimental data. This group will also do research on computer and mathematical methods.
We are in the process of evaluating our future
computer needs. The addition of bmuediate access
storage, index accumulators and automatic floating
point will increase speed and capacity to the point
we can grow for one year.
Educational Testing Service
Plan to install an RCA 501 Computer System to replace our IBM 650 Computer System. The RCA 501 will
include:
Model 503 Computer
561-2 Hi-Speed Stora~e
581 Tape Stations (6)
533 On-line Printer
528 Card Reader
538 Card Punch
547-6 Tape Switching Unit
El Paso Natural Gas Co.
An IBM 7070 Tape Oriented System and two 1401 Tape
Systems will be delivered.
Emerson Electric Mfg. Co.
Studies are being made for the procurement of a more
powerful computer to replace our present eQuipment.
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
The computer system was retired as of 30 April
1960 due to lack of work load.
Tractor & Implement Div., FOMOCO
New applications include production control (computation of parts reQuirements, production progress
reporting, direct labor performance reporting, and
stock status and inventory control) and sales analysis (order status reporting and sales statistics
by product by customer).
Ford Motor Company
Intended aCQuisition of IBM 1401 Data Processing
System.
Adv. Prod. Study & Engrg. Res. Office, FOMOCO
General intention to replace complete 650 installation with large-storage, high speed computer as work
reQuirements develop.
Steel Div., FOMOCO
Future plans include continued programming in areas
of production control, applied research, and accounting. Larger systems are being examined, probably
tape, for replacement of the present card system.
Ceneral Electric Co.
Expect to eliminate the IBM 650 Tape Computer System
and consolidate all tape applications on an IBM 7090
Computer located in another department. Will retain
650 Drum Type System and aCQuire an IBM 1401 Data
Processing System.
A.C. Spark Plug Div., General Motors Corp.
Both 650 Tape Systems to be replaced by IBM 7070.
A.C. Spark Plug Div., GMC
Presently considering installation of IBM Type 7070
Tape System. Also two Type 1401 Systems. These
will modify existing EAM area and replace 650 System
now in use.
Harrison Radiator Div., GMC
Future plans call for retirement of present system
and the aCQuisition of a solid state magnetic tape
system.

Institute for Defense Analyses
The 650 System will be replaced by a Control Data
Corporation 1604 Computer. A brief summary of the
1604 characteristics are stored program, general
purpose; digital computer; 48-bit word length; six
index registers; magnetic core storage, 32,768 48-bit
words; 4.8 microseconds effective cycle time; 6.4
microseconds total cycle time; indirect addreSsing;
and single address logic, 2 instructions per word.
Kaman Aircraft Corp.
In the process of doing a feasibility study for a
transistorized tape-oriented system.
Martin Co.
Plan to discontinue 650's and install an IBM 7070
and 1401 Systems.
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.
The work will probably be absorbed eventually by a
large-scale system; of a type that has not yet been
determined.
Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.
It is intended to install an IBM 7070 System which
will eventually replace the two card 650's.
Newport News Ship & Dry Dock Co.
We are evaluating an IBM 1401 System.
Ohio Oil Company
One IBM 7070 and 2 IBM 1401 Systems are to be installed.
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp.
Current computer programs are exceeding storage
capacity to the point where we are negotiating for
a 4,000 word drum. It is recognized that this is
a stop gap measure since the magnetic drum is fast
becoming obsolete. We will evaluate the newer computing facilities with the intention of replacing
the present IBM 650 with a more up to date computer.
Prudential Ins. Co. of America
Future plans are being constantly evolved and include:
consideration of new computers; advantages of consolidating data proceSSing in a central location; ~ta
and document transmission systems; information retrieval in connection with file and data storage
problems; addition of functions to our major data
processing systems (case work, random file reference,
and increased processing frequency); and the use of
IBM 1401 Data Processing Systems.
RCA Service Company, BMEWS Project
Expect to switch to Univac 1105.
Shell Development Co.
Release of this eQuipment is planned.
Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc.
The IBM 650 will be replaced by an IBM 7090 and an
IBM 1401.
Standard Oil Co. of California
System will be retired, with programs converted to
IBM 7090 or 1401.
United Gas Corp.
Future plans are to install a magnetic tape oriented
system. The configuration of equipment consists of
the following:
Monthly
Machine
Qty
Item
Rental
Number
1 Console Control Unit
$ 300
7150
1 Core Storage
7,025
7301-2
1 Arith. Unit w/Float. Point
7601
4,350
1 Core Storage Control
2,000
7602-2
1 Magnetic Tape Control
2,700
7604-1
10 Magnetic Tape Units
9,000
720-4
,1 Console Card Reader
7501
75
2 Processing Units Model C-3
1401
6,91 0
2 Card Read Punch Model 1
1402
1,100
2 Printers Model 2
1403
1,550
$35,010

IBM RAMAC 650

This order for e~uipment was placed 27 January 1960
with the understanding that it may be cancelled or
changed by us at any time, with no obligation on our
part, to conform to our future data processing e~uip
ment re~uirements and with the understanding that the
IBM organization will work with us on conversion and
that delivery schedule of the e~uipment will be
arranged to coincide with our re~uirements.
Upon delivery and installation of this e~uipment,
we will expect to release a substantial part of the
eQuipment now in use in our Shreveport, Louisiana
and Houston, Texas offices.
Universal Oil Products Co.
Entire system will be replaced in 1961 by a purchased
IBM 7070 System with card input-output, 5,000-word
core storage, floating point instructions.
Western Electric Co., New York
Constant study for new developments and improvement
of present applications. Also study of new machine
systems for potential ability to improve systems,
capacity and cost. For example, we are studying
E:ubstitution of 1401 and/or 7070 System for 650 Tape
System. ?resent indications are that 1401 System
will give more favorable capacity to cost relationc:hip and improve present systems.
Western Electric Co., Allentown Works
Anticipated modifications include installation of
new card read and punch units to obtain faster card
t;peeds. IBM 543 and 544 units will replace IBM 533
lmit. Ac~uisition of new systems - planning on
starting feasibility study to replace existing system
with newer e~uipment.
Western Electric Co., Indianapolis
An additional IBM 650 Tape-Ramac System, to be emFloyed for mechanization of shop scheduling and process inventory control, is on order, consisting of:
1 Type 650 Console
1 Type 655 Power Unit
1 Type 652 Control Unit
1 Type 653 I. A. S. Unit
2 Type 727 Tape Units
1 Type 355 Disk Storage
1 Type 407 On-line Printer
1 Type 543 Read Unit
1 Type 544 Punch Unit
The existing Type 533 Read Punch Unit is to be reIllaced by a Type 543 Read Unit and Type 544 Punch
Unit.
Western Electric Co., Omaha
Proposed complete system on production control in
the manufa.cture of telephone switching e~uipment,
including explosion of assemblies into component parts,
scheduling of production facilities taking into consideration economical ~uantities and reorder points,
feed back to maintain control and associated accounting and managerial reports. Scientific inventory
control and the latest techni~ues on control of production will be used to produce a completed integrated system.
We are currently conducting a feasibility study to
determine what size and type of a latter generation
of machine will be re~uired. Present indications
point to a core storage machine with tapes in the
medium size area. Probable on the air date: Early
1962.
Auburn Univ.
An ord.er has been submitted for one 077 series 50
collator and one 548 interpreter.
Brigham Young Univ.
We now plan to purchase IBM 650 with 4,000 word drum.
No other changes currently anticipated for near future.
Colorado State Univ.
Plan to get an IBM 650 the Summer 1960.

IBM RAMAC 650

Columbia Univ., Elect. Res. Labs.
Proposal for an expanded system includes addition
to present system of: floating point capability;
index registers (3 units); rapid access storage (60
words total); tape units (2 units).
Facility improvement by providing a self-contained
air conditioner for the computing e~uipment to enable
stable temperature and humidity control.
Cornell Univ.
Since the program in Which this system is a part is
still growing, it will be necessary to obtain larger
and faster e~uipment in the not too distant future.
In all probability a system with magnetic tape facilities will be obtained.
Florida State Univ.
Ac~uisition of a 700 or 7000 series computer is
planned for October 1961. New computing center is
currently under construction and negotiations for
a larger computer are in progress.
Indiana Univ.
It is anticipated that sometime soon after 1 July
1961 the Center will replace the 650 Tape System
with an IBM 7070 System. The approximate configuration will be:
7150
Console (Modell)
7600
Input-output Control (Modell)
7601
Arithmetic & Program Control (Modell)
7602
Core Storage Control (Model A2)
7603
Input-output Synchronizer (Model l~)
7301
Core Storage 10K (Model 2)
7604
Tape Control (Modell)
71~00
Printer (Modell)
7550
Card Punch (Modell)
2 7500
Card Readers (Modell)
7 729
Magnetic Tape Units (Model 4)
Iowa State Univ.
Will add a 4,000 word drum.
Johns Hopkins Univ.
IBM 7090 Computer System with 1401 C3 planned for
installation.
Mar~uette Uni v •
Adding floating decimal, indexing registers, and
special characters group.
Montana State College
To be ac~uired are a 653 unit and a 407 unit.
North Carolina State College
Plan to replace 650 System with Rem. Rand Univac
Solid State 80 with 4 tape units.
Syracuse Univ.
Expanded system to be installed.
Texas Engineering Experiment Station
The 704 will be replaced with a 32K - 2 channel 8 tape IBM 709.
Uni v. of Arkansas
Needless to say, we hope to add to our basic 650
installation. It is hoped that at the end of about
a year of operation that we can add index registers,
60 words of core storage, and floating point arithmetic.
Univ. of Georgia
Plan to add 600 position core storage, 3 indexing
registers, and floating decimal arithmetic device.
Univ. of Kentucky
Plan to obtain 101 Statistical Sorter in near future.
Univ. of Rochester
A larger high-speed system is needed. Several solid
state systems, such as IBM 7070, are under consideration for installation within the next 12 - 18 months.
This will replace present sy~;tem.
Univ. of Southern California
Expect to replace 650 with IBM 1620 when card I/O
becomes available.

Univ. of Wisconsin
CDC 1604 and 160 Computers planned to replace 650.
No major changes planned in peripheral equipment.
Staff increases of around 100% planned during next
two-year period.
Washington State Univ.
WaShington State University plans to replace the
present 650 with an IBM 704 System including 4K core
storage, 8K magnetic drum and 4 magnetic tape drives
in July 1961.
Yale University
A new computing center with an IBM 7070 and IBM 1401
System by 1 July 196~with 10,000 words of core
storage, floating point arithmetic, and 10 magnetic
tapes, two of which are shared by the 1401.

INSTALLATIONS

S. Army Engineer District, Omaha, 1709 Jackson
Street, Omaha, Nebraska
U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Data Processing and Statistical Services,
Fort Belvoir, Virginia
U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army Engineer
Division, North Pacific, 210 Custom House, Portland
9, Oregon
U. S. Army Engineer Supply Control Office, Corps
of Engineers, 410 North Broadway, St. Louis 66,
Missouri
u. S. Army Ordnance Frankford Arsenal, Field
Service Group, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
U. S. Army Ordnance Feltman Research and Engineering Laboratories, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New
Jersey
U. S. Army Ordnance Watervliet Arsenal, ADPS Branch,
Watervliet, New York
U. S. Army Anniston Ordnance Depot, Machine Accounting Services Division, Anniston, Alabama
U. S. Army Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, Military Clothing and Textile Supply Agency, 2800 South
20th Street, Philadelphia 45, Pennsylvania
U. S. Army Richmond Quartermaster Depot, Richmond,
Virginia
U. S. Army Signal Corps School, Automatic Data
Processing Section, Fort MOnmouth, New Jersey
U. S. Navy Service Center, Washington 25, D. c.
U. S. Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville,
Pennsylvania
U. S. Naval Avionics Facility, Indianapolis,
Indiana
U. S. Navy Department, Bureau of Naval Weapons,
18th & Constitution Ave., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn 1, New York
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Comptroller Department,
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington
U. S. Naval Supply Center, Oakland, Oakland 14,
California
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters OCAMA, Tinker Air
Force Base, Oklahoma
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters MAAMA, Comptroller,
Olmsted Air Force Base, Pennsylvania
U. S. Air Force, Mobile Air Materiel Area, Office
of Comptroller, Brookley Air Force Base, Alabama
U. S. Air Force, San Bernardino Air Materiel Area,
Norton Air Force Base, California
U. S. Air Force, AFSWC, Statistical Services
Division, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
U. S. Air Force, APGC (PGCS), Directorate of
Statistical SerVices, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

U. S. Air Force, Headquarters Europe, Directorate
of Statistical SerVices, APO 633, New York, N. Y.
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters, Military Air Transport SerVice, Scott Air Force Base, Illinois
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters Pacific, Statistical
Services, APO 953, San Francisco, California
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters Pacific, A-3 Directorate of Control, APO 953, San Francisco, California
U. S. Air Force, ROAMA, Griffiss Air Force Base,
New York
U. S. Air Force, Headquarters StrategiC Air Command,
Statistical Services Division, Offutt Air Force Base,
Nebraska
U. S. Air Force, 2709th AF Vehicle Control Group,
3300 Jackson Avenue, Memphis 2, Tennessee
N.A.S.A. Flight Research Center, box 273, Edwards,
California
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, Evanston, Illinois
California Division of Highways, 1120 "N" Street,
Sacramento, California
U. S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic
Survey, WaShington 25, D. c.
U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Recl~ation,
Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado
U. S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue SerVice,
Collection Division, loth & Constitution Avenues,
Washington, D. C.
American Airlines, 100 Park Avenue, New York, New
York
Advanced Technology Laboratory, American Standard,
Mountain View, California
CrOSley Division of Avco Corporation, 1329 Arlington
Street, Cincinnati 29, Ohio
Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue,
Columbus, Ohio
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, 3300
Lexington Road, S.E., Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Allentown Laboratory, 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown,
Pennsylvania
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, 463 West
Street, New York 14, New York
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray
Hill, New Jersey
Bendix Aviation Corporation, Research Laboratories
Division, P. O. Box 5115, Detroit 35, Michigan
Braniff Airways, Incorporated, Exchange Park,
Dallas, Texas
Bridgeport Brass Company, 30 Grand Street, Bridgeport 2, Connecticut
The Chase Manhattan Bank, 57 William Street, Boom
200, New York, N. Y.
The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company of
Maryland, 5711 York Road, ~~ltimore 12, Marylana
Clark Brothers Company, Division of Dresser Operations, Incorporated, Olean, New York
Combustion Engineering, Incorporated, 200 Madison
Avenue, New York 16, New York
Convair, Division of General DynamiCS, Pomona,
California
Convair, Division of General DynamiCS, Fort Worth,
Texas
Douglas Aircraft Company, Department B7-250, El
Segundo, California
Dow Chemical Company, Texas Division, B-2402, Plant
B, Freeport, Texas
Tennessee Eastman Company, Division of Eastman
Kodak Company, Kingsport, Tennessee
Educational Testing Service, 20 Nassau Street,
Princeton, New Jersey
El Paso Natural Gas Company, Administrative Services
Department, P. O. Box 1492, El Paso, Texas

IBM RAMAC 650

The Emerson Electric Manufacturing Company, 1567
Salzman Avenue, Wellston, Missouri
The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Guided Missile
Division, 2525 Firestone Boulevard, Los Angeles 54,
California
Cleveland Engine Plants, Cleveland Computer Center,
FOMOCO, P. O. Box 191, Berea, Ohio
Ford Motor Company, Lincoln-Mercury Division,
3000 Schaefer Road, Dearborn, Michigan
Ford Motor Company, Tractor & Implement Division,
2500 E. Maple Road, Birmingham, Michigan
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn Stamping Plant, Controller's Office, Box 494, Dearborn, Michigan
Ford Motor Company, Advanced Product Study & Engineering Research Office, 20000 Rotunda Drive,
Dearborn, Ydchigan
Ford Motor Company, Steel Division, 3001 Miller
Road, Dearborn, Michigan
General :E:lectric Company, Large Jet Engine Department, Build.ing 800, Evendale 15, Ohio
A. C. Spark Plug Division, General Motors Corporation, 7929 S. Howell Avenue, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin
A. C. Spark Plug Division, General Motors Corporation, 1300 N. Dort Highway, Flint, Michigan
Harrison Radiator Division, General Motors Corporation, Lockport, New York
Institute for Defense Analyses, Weapons Systems
Evaluation Division, Room lE871, The Pentagon,
Washington 25, D. C.
The Kaman. Aircraft Corporation, Old Windsor Road,
Bloomfield, Connecticut
Littauer Statistical Laboratory, 94 Prescott
Street, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts
The Martin Company, Balt:i1llore 3, Maryland
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1 Madison
Avenue, Ne'iI" York 10, N. Y.
Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 23500 Northwestern Highway, Southfield, Michigan
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, 520 Broad
Street, Ne·wark 1, New Jersey
Newport News Ship & Dry Dock Company, Tabulating
Department, Washington Avenue, Newport News, Virginia
The Ohio Oil Company, 539 South Main Street,
]i'indlay, Ohio
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation, Li~uid Fuels
Computer Center, 275 Winchester Avenue, New Haven,
Connecticut
The Prudential Insurance Company of America,
Electronics Research Division, Prudential Plaza,
Newark, New Jersey
RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey
RCA Service Company, BMEWS Project, Griffiss Air
Force Base, Rome, New York
Republic Aviation Corporation, Farmingdale, New
York
Shell Development Company, E and P Research,
Computing Section, 3737 Bellaire Boulevard, HOuston,
'l'exas
Socony Mobil Oil Company, Incorporated, 150 East
42nd Street, New York 17, N. Y.
Standard Oil Company of California, Western
Operations, Incorporated, 225 Bush Street, San
FranCiSCO, California
New York Stock Exchange, Stock Clearing Corporation, 18 Broad Street, New York 5, N. Y.
Sun Oil Company, Marcus Hook Refinery, Marcus
Hook, Pennsylvania

IBM RAMAC 650

United Gas Corporation, 1525 Fairfield Avenue,
Shreveport, Louisiana
Following sub-divisions of United States Steel
Corporation, 525 William Penn Place, Pittsburgh 30,
Pennsylvania also operate IBM 650 Computers:
American Bridge
American Steel and Wire
Columbia-Geneva
Consolidated Western
Oliver Iron Mining
New York Data Processing Center
Pittsburgh Data ProceSSing Center
Central Operations
U. S. Steel Supply
Universal Oil Products Company, 30 Algon~uin Road,
Des Plaines, Illinois
Western Electric Company, 77 South Wacker Drive,
Chicago, Illinois
Western Electric Company, Allentown Works, 555 Union
Boulevard, Allentown, PennsylVania
Western Electric Company, Data Processing & Methods
Development Department, 2525 Shadeland Avenue,
Indianapolis, Indiana
Western Electric Company, Omaha Works, Box 1400,
Peony Park Station, Omaha, Nebraska
Western Electric Company, 3300 Lexington Road, S.E.,
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Auburn University, Computer Laboratory, Auburn,
Alabama
Brigham Young UniverSity, Computer Center, Provo,
Utah
Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory, 612 W. 16th
Street, New York 27, N. Y.
Colorado State University, Computing Center, Fort
Collins, Colorado
Columbia University, Electronics Research Laboratories, 632 West 125th Street, New York 27, N. Y.
Columbia University, Hudson Laboratories, Dobbs
Ferry, New York
Columbia University, Nevis CYClotron Laboratory,
Box 137, Irvington on Hudson, New York
Cornell University, Dairy Records Processing
Laboratory, Ithaca, New York
Florida State University, Computing Center,
Tallahassee, Florida
Georgia Institute of Technology, Rich Electronic
Computer Center, Atlanta, Georgia
Indiana UniverSity, Research Computing Center,
Bloomington, Indiana
Iowa State University, Statistical LaboratoI~,
Ames, Iowa
Johns HOpkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Scaggsville, HOward County,
Maryland
Inuisiana State UniverSity, Computer Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Mar~uette UniverSity, Computing Center, 1515 W.
Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Miami University, Computing Center, Laws Hall,
Oxford, Ohio
Montana State College, Computer Laboratory,
Bozeman, Montana
New York University, Computation and Statistical
Laboratory, Research Building 3, 233 Fordham Landing
Road, New York 68, New York
North Carolina State College, Experimental Statistics Department, Patterson Hall, Raleigh, North
Carolina

Oklahoma State University, Computing Center,
Stillwater, Oklahoma
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 333 Jay Street,
Brooklyn 1, N. Y.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Computer Laboratory, Troy, New York
Stanford University, Computation Center, Stanford,
California
Syracuse University, Computing Center, 112 Hinds
Hall, Syracuse 10, New York
Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Data Processing Center Building, College Station, Texas
Tulane University, Computer Center, New Orleans 15,
Louisiana
University of Arizona, Numerical Analysis Laboratory, Tucson 25, Arizona
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
University of California, Radiation Laboratory,
Box 808, Livermore, California
University of Florida, Statistical Laboratory,
P. O. Box 3568, University Station, Gainesville,
Florida
University of Georgia, Department of Experimental
Statistics, Lumpkin House, Athens, Georgia

University of Houston, Computing and Data Processing Center, Houston 4, Texas
University of Kentucky, Computing Center, Lexington, Kentucky
University of Mississippi, Computer Center, Carrier
Hall, University, Mississippi
University of Rochester, Computing Center, Rochester,
New York
University of Southern California, Aerodynamic Test
Laboratory, Building 75, U. S. Naval Missile Center,
Point Mugu, California
University of WisconSin, Numerical Analysis Laboratory, Sterling Hall, Madison 6, Wisconsin
Vanderbilt UniverSity, Computer Center, Wesley
Hall, Nashville, Tennessee
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Temporary Building
365, Blacksburg, Virginia
Washington State University, Computing Center,
Pullman, Washington
Wayne State University, Computing Center, 4841 Cass
Avenue, Detroit 2, Michigan
Yale UniverSity, Computing Center, 135 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut

IBM RAMAC 650

IBM 701

MANUFACTU RER

TBM 701 Data Processing System

International Business Machines Corporation

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation

APPLICATIONS
Ma:n.uf'acturer
Scientific, commercial, and engineering data processing.
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake
Scientific data processing
Douglas Aircraft Company, Tulsa
Located at the Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., 2000
North Memorial Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and at A-250,
Santa Monica, California, the systems are used for
strength analysis, trajectories, aerodynamic stability, aerodynamic performance, dynamic response,
thermo dynamic analysis, weight control, and propulsion analysis.
United Aircraft Corporation
The United Aircraft Corporation provides a central
computing facility located at the Research Department
for the Bolution of engineering and research problems.
It services the three UAC Divisions: Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, Sikorsky Aircraft, and Hamilton Standard
which are engaged in the design and manufacture of
aircraft engines, helicopters, propellers and other
aircraft equipment.

IBM 701

390

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Binary
Internal number system
18 or 36 per data word
Binary digits/word
Binary digits/instruction
18
Instructions per word
2
Instructions decoded
33
Fixed point
Arithmetic system
One address
Instruction type
Number range
_(2 35 _ 1) ~ N ~ (2 35 - 1)
Instruction word format
Operand

Symbolic routines and floating point interpretive
codes are available.
There are 3 arithmetic registers, accumulator,
multiplier-quotient, and memory register.

Photo by General MOtors Corporation

ARITHMETIC UNIT

Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 30 - 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width
0.5 Inches
Length of reel
200 - 2,400 Feet
Composition
Acetate or mylar
MYlar is DuPont1s registered trademark for its po1yester film.
Douglas Santa Monica and Douglas Tulsa
Access
No. of
No. of
Words
Digits
Media
Microsec
12
Magnetic Core
4,096
36
Magnetic Drum
1,280
8,192
36
Magnetic Tape
6 reels

Incl Stor Access
Exc1ud Stor Access
Micro sec
Microsec
Add
60 or 36
48 or 24
444
MUlt
456
444
Div
456
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum tubes
4,000
Diodes
12,800
Arithmetic mode
Parallel
Timing
Synchronous
Operation
Sequential

STORAGE
Manufacturer
Media
Magnetic Core
Magnetic Drum
Magnetic Tape

No. of
No. of
Digits
Words
4,096
40,960
8,192 or 16,384
Up to 900,000 words

No. of units that can be connected 10
No. of char/linear inch of tape
200
Channels or tracks .on the tape
7
Blank tape separating each record 0.75
Tape speed
75
Transfer rate
15,000
Start time
10
Stop time
10

INPUT

Access
Microsec
12
50 ,000
10,000
serially
Units
Char/inch
Tracks/tape
Inches
Inches/sec
Char/sec
Millisec
Mi1lisec

Manufacturer
Media
Speed
150 cards/min
Card Reader
Magnetic Tape (IBM 726)
6,000 char/sec
This speed corresponds to 10,000 digits/sec.
Magnetic Tape (IBM 727)
15,000 char/sec
This speed corresponds to 25,000 digits/sec.
Cards to Magnetic Tape
250 cards/min
Douglas Santa MOnica and Douglas Tulsa
Cards
150 cards /min
Magnetic Tape
100 char/in, 75 in/sec

391

IBM 701

Photo by University of California Radiation Laboratory

OUTPUT

CHECKI NG FEATURES

Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Card Punch
100 cards/min
Line Printer
150 lines/min
Cathode Ray Tube Display
8,300 points/sec
Magnetic Tape 726
6,000 char/sec
Magnetic Tape to Card
100 cards/min
Magnetic Tape to Line
150 lines/min
Printer
Doup'~as Santa Monica and Douglas Tulsa
Printer
150 lineS/min
Cards
100 cards/min
Magnetic '.rape
100 char/in, 75 in/sec

Tapes (727) - Longitudinal & transverse parity check
Line Printer - Echo checking for each character
Card Reader - Reads card twice
Card Punch - Checks columns for double punch & blank
column
Arithmetic & Logical Unit - Overflow, divide check,
parity checks.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer
84.0 KVA
Area, computer 1,200 to 3,000 sq ft
Room size
1,600 - 3,400 sq ft
Capacity, air condit
20 - 40 Tons
20,516 lbs
Weight, computer
Physical planning manual made available.
Weight (lbs)
Main Frame
2,850
Punched Card Recorder
720
Line Printer (Wheel TYPe)
2,795
Magnetic Drum
1,480
Cathode Ray Tube
2,445
Power Frame No. 1
2,810

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type

Tubes
Diodes
.Magnet ic Core s

IBM 701

Quantity
4,000
12,800
147,456 (Core Storage)

392

KVA
;4.4
0.7
3.1
9.9
11.8
5.8

Power Frame No.2
2,750
5.8
Power Distribution Unit
1,230
1.2
Magnetic Tape Unit (726)
1,270
4.6
Magnetic Tape Control Unit
1,636
6.0
Punched Card Reader
530
0.7
u. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake
System requires 80 Kw, 136 KVA, 1,404 cu ft, 1,400
sq ft. The system area is 44 by 27 ft and weighs
40,050 lbs, including peripheral equipment.
The above power, space and weight does not include
supporting machines such as key punches, reproducers,
and sorters. This equipment would add 8 KVA and
8,000 lbs.
Douglas Santa Monica and Douglas Tulsa
Power, computer
65.3 Kw
87.6 KVA
Volume, computer
729.4 cu ft
Area, computer
143.6 sq ft
Room size, computer
1,368 sq ft
Room size, air condi
1,100 sq ft
Floor loading
16 lbs/ sq ft
200 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner
38 Tons
Weight, computer
21,690 lbs
Built-up air handling system - two units, 40 hp
each, capable of approximately 38 tons cooling.
Sealed areaj a/c ducts installed with 500 RCE/sink
for each componentj raised floor (steel platform)j
a/c unit and airfilter installedj motor-generator
set with transformer and controls installed.

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer
Number produced to date
Over 18
There are no 701 systems in production at the present time. Available for new orders only when released
from present user.

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Manufacturer

Douglas Santa Monica
Main frame, 6 magnetic tape units, 1 reader, 1 punch,
and 1 printer
$17, 220/month.
Maintenance/service is included in rental.

PERSONNEL REQU I REMENTS
Manufacturer
Education training, program testing, technical assistance on all phases is available from manufacturer.
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake
For three 8-hour shifts 6 engineers and 19 technicianoperators are utilized. Approximately 9 mathematics
aides, 10 mathematicians and 20 to 25 persons from
outside the branch, program and run their own problems.
Douglas Tulsa
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors
1
Analysts
6
Clerks
1
Operators
1
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Own course stresses understanding of existing programs and new programming under close supervision.
Douglas Santa Monica
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors
1
Analysts
2
Clerks
1
Operators
2
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Own course followed by on-the-job training.
United Aircraft Company
Two IBM Type 704 and one IBM Type 701 Computers are
operated on a 24 hour, six-day week. Three Cpcts
and three Burroughs E10l t S are operated on an 8 hour,
five-day week.
The Laboratory is staffed by 51 analysts, 11 operators, and 24 aides. Non-computing personnel also
program for all calculators.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAI LAB I LlTY

Monthly
Base PurCharge
chase Price
701 Central Processing Unit $5,000
$230,000
711 Card Reader
400
16,350
716 Printer
1,200
54,200
721 Card Punch
600
25, 000
726 Magnetic Tape Unit
850
42,100
727 Magnetic Tape Unit
550
18,200
731 Magnetic Drum Storage
1,400
87,450
736 Power Supply
1,000
57,400
737 Magnetic Core Storage
3,700
192,400
740 CRT Recorder
2,450
96,000
741 Power Supply
1,000
57,400
746 Power Distribution Unit
1,100
52,000
753 Tape Control
2,350
80,000
780 CRT Display
400
16,000
Since this machine is no longer in production, the
Base Purchase Price is used in computing the Discounted Purchase Price based on the age of the installed machine. A published discount schedule is
available from IBM.
Maintenance contract details available.
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake
Rental rate for basic system is $21,500/month.
Rental rate for additional equipment $8, 550/month.
Douglas Tulsa
Standard 701 components
$17, 220/month.
Third 726 Tape Unit (two reels) $850/month.
Maintenance/service is included in rental.

Atomic Energy Commission, UniverSity of California
Radiation Laboratory
System accepted 26 Apr 54j the average error-free
running period is 6.2 hours; good time is 3,032 hours
and the attempted to run time is 3,587 hours, resulting in an operating ratio of 0.85; the average error
free running time is calculated by dividing the total
hours less the total scheduled maintenance less total
unscheduled maintenance less the loss time claimed by
operator all by the total number of hours of down
and lost time reported. The above figures are for
the period January 55 to June 55 when operating 24
hours/day.
General Motors Corporation
System accepted in Apr 54; average error free running
period is 4.5 hours derived from the records for 1
month; good time of 1,067 hours and attempted to run
time of 1,154 hours yielding an operating ratio of
0.92 for a four month period.
Douglas Tulsa
Average error free running period
8 Hours
39.16 Hoursjweek (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
39.96 HourS/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.98
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 31 Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 8 Mar 60
Time is available for rent to outside organizations.

393

IBM 701

Douglas Santa Monica
Average error free running period
S Hours
40 Hours/Week (Average)
Good time
Attempted to run time
42 HourS/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95
Above figlITes based on period from Jan 59 to Jul 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test Apr 56
Time is available for rent to outside organizations.
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Systems accepted on 14 May 53 and 15 Jul 54; average
error free runni,ng periods of 3-4 hours on one and
1 1/2 hOUl~S on the other; good time of 74.4% and SO%
Where good time is considered as actual production
and the remaining 25.6% and 20% respectively, consists of preventive maintenance, breakdown, machine
re-work and idle time. The average error free running
period is reduced considerably when tapes are used
frequently. Short runs are made wherever possible
(1-5 hours), but the same program is run for as long
as 12 hOUl~S and would run longer if time permitted.
United Aircraft Corporation, Research Dept.
Average error free running period
2 Hours
2,667 Hours
Good time
Attempted to run time
3,473 Hours
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.77
FiglITes based on period 1 Feb 56 to 30 Sep 56
Passed Customer Acceptance Test
5 Oct 53
Attempted to run time includes calculation, checkout, machine error, unscheduled maintenance, and
scheduled maintenance time. The scheduled maintenance
for the above period was 367.96 hours and the unscheduled maintenance was 290.75. These two figlITes should
be subtracted from the above "Attempted to run" figlITe.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Manufacturer
Outstanding features include high arithmetic speed
and low cost. Unique system advantages are two instructions stored per word and IS and 36 bit data
words.
Tape Storage
Acetate Base Tape
Storage for frequent usage. Relative humidity
1.J-O to 60%. Temperature 65 to SOoF.
Should the tape be exposed to atmospheric conditions outside the above limits for more than four
hours, the following item specifications would apply:
Storage for infrequent usage. Temperature 40
to l20oF.
The tape must be placed in a dust proof container
and hermetically sealed in a plastic bag. Before
re-using, the tape must be reconditioned by allowing
it to remain in the conditioned r.tmosphere for a
length of time equal to the time it was away. Twentyfour hours reconditioning is necessary if the tape
is removed for longer than twenty-four hours.
Mylar Base Tape
Storage for frequent or infrequent usage. Relative humidity 0 to SO%. Temperature 40 to l200 F.
The tape should be stored in a dust proof container. Should the tape be exposed to atmospheric conditions outside the above limits for more than four
hours, it must be reconditioned by allowing it to remain at the given condition for a length of time equal
to the time it was away. Twenty-four hours reconditioning is necessary if the tape is removed for longer
than twenty-four hours.
The upper limit on humidity is given to prevent
the formation of fungus and mold growth. This limit
may be ex.ceeded by hermetically sealing the tape in
a plastic bag.

IBM 701

394

General Precautions
The tape should not come in contact with magnetic
material at any time and should never be subjected
to strong magnetic fields. Either of these can cause
the loss of information or the introduction of noise.
When shipping magnetic tape, the reel should be
placed in a dust proof container and hermetically
sealed in a plastic bag. Additional support should
be obtained by enclosing in an individual cardboard
box.
A limited number of 701 Systems were produced for
specific requirements, many installations of which
have changed to the IBM 704 System.
General Motors Corporation
Two interpretive systems are used, Speed Co and ACOM.
Speed Co is 3-address while ACOM is 2-address. Both
provide for floating point arithmetic, transcendental
functions, In-Out operations, B-boxes, and tracing
all of which aid in coding and checkout.
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
A general purpose system called FLOP, a contraction
of Floating Octal Point, was developed at Lockheed
by members of the Digital Computing Staff.
FLOP converts the 701 into an entirely different machine, one which performs all its operations in a
"floating octal" system, but also permits all the
normal 701 operations to be executed in fixed binary.
The floating octal operations performed by the system
are add, subtract, multiply, divide (all with real
or complex numbers), logS x, SX, sin x, Sin-Ix, and
square root. The system also provides certain logical operations and control of the input-output devices
in three number systems: binary, octal, and floating
decilllal.
This system was deyeloped in order to obtain a minimun of elapsed time from when a new problem first
enters the department to when answers are obtainable.

FUTURE PLANS
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake
A modofication has been made to the system to allow
asynchronous digital data to fill the entire storage
unit at one time. Such data are fed from magnetic
tape containing the digitalized version of analog
information originating at the test equipment. The
analog to digital converston is done as a separate
step, prior to entering the data into the computer.

INSTALLATIONS
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station
China Lake, California
United States Weather Bureau
Washington, D. C.
Boeing Aircraft
Wichita, Kansas
Douglas Aircraft Company, Incorporated
El Sequndo, California
Douglas Aircraft Company, Incorporated
2000 North Memorial Drive
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Douglas Aircraft Company, Incorporated
3000 Ocean Park Blvd.
Santa Monica, California
General Motors Corporation
DetrOit, Michigan

Glenn L. Martin Company
Baltimore 3, Maryland

United Aircraft Corporation
East Hartford 6, Connecticut

Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Burbank, California

University of California
Radiation Laboratory
Berkeley 4, California

395

IBM 701

IBM 702

MANUFACTU RER
International Business Machines Corporation

IBM 702 Electronic Data Processing Machine

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation
to entire plant, both commercial and scientific work.

APPLICATIONS

Manufacturer
System is used for commercial (cost, inventory, production, accounting, sales, billing, etc) and for
scientific (engineering design, mathematical models)
applications.
U. S. Navy Aviation Supply Office
Commercial., inventory control.
Bank of America
Located at 500 Howard Street, San FranCiSCO, the system is used for real estate loan accounting, installment loan accounting, accounts receivable accounting,
corporate trust accounting, bond investments account:l.ng, branch clearings (inter-branch debit and credit
accounting), and branch activity surveys (personnel
requirements) .
Chrysler Corporation Service Parts Warehouse
Invoicing, cost of sales and inventory control.
Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago
Customer' billing and accounting.
General Electric Company, Hanford Atomic Products
l~ovide general data processing and computing service

IBM 702

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Internal number system

Binary coded decimal and
alphabetical
Variable
5 characters
No words

Digits per word
Digits per instruction
Instructions per word
Instructions decoded
32
Fixed point
Arithmetic system
Floating point is programmable.
One address
Instruction type
Number range
::t 256 decimal digits
Instruction word format

x
Operation

Mdress

Automatic built-in subroutines include store for
print.
Autometic coding consists of the Autocoder System.

396

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation
There are two 256 - character accumulators.
The machine is not a fixed word length system. It
is possible to have both variable field and variable
record lengths. Consequently there are no "words".
The characters are alphanumeric. Five characters
are required to make up an instruction.

Arithmetic mode
Timing
Operation

Serial
Synchronous
Sequential

STORAGE
Manufacturer

AR ITHMETI C UNIT
The time required to add is 23 microseconds, excluding the storage access time. The time required to
multiply is given by
23

(N + 4) + 1 ] + 115 microseconds.
c

The time required to divide is given by

seconds.
Where
Np
number of multiplier digits
Nc

number of multiplicand digits

number of

divid~nd

digits

= number of divisor digits

N if N > 8 and K = N + 0.005(8 - N ) if N < 8.
r
r
r
r
r

The arithmetic unit is constructed of vacuum tubes,
crystal diodes and magnetic cores and operates serially by binary coded decimal character and parallel
by bit.

Access
Alphanumeric
Media
Characters
Microsec
Magnetic Core
10,000
17
8,120+40N
Magnetic Drum
60,000
Magnetic drum has 300 sections of 200 characters
each. N = number of characters.
10,140+67N
Magnetic Tape
5,760,000
No. of units that can be connected
10 Units
No. of char/linear inch of tape
200 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape
7 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record
0.75 Inches
Tape speed
75 InChes/sec
Transfer rate
15,000 Char/sec
Start time
10 Millisec
Stop time
10 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape
60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width
0.5 Inches
Length of reel
200-2,400 Feet
Composition
Acetate or MYlar
MYlar is Dupont's registered name for its polyester
film.

U. S. Navy Aviation Supply Office
System has magnetic core storage unit in lieu of
electrostatic.

397

IBM 702

Photo by International Business Machines Corporation (Poughkeepsie)
Bank. o:f America
No. o:f
No. of
Access
Medium
Words
Digi ts
Microsec
Magnetic Core Memory Variable
20,000
17
Not a fixed word length system. Variable :field
lengths and variable record lengths are possible.
Characters are alpha-numeric.
Chrysler Corporation Service· Parts Warehouse
System has magnetic core and magnetic drum.
General Electric Company, Han:ford Atomic Products
System has magnetiC core, magnetic drum, and magnetic
tape storage.

OUTPUT

INPUT

Manu:facturer
Media
Magnetic Tape
Card Punch
Line Printer

Manufacturer
Media
Speed
Magnetic Tape
Card Reader
250 cards/min
0I~rator Console
Manual
Magnetic
25,000 char/sec
U. S. Navy Aviation Supply O:f:fice
Magnetic tape unit operates at 200 char/inch and 75
inChes/sec. Card reader operates at 250 cards/min
at 80 char/card.

IBM 702

Bank o:f America
Media
Speed
Magnetic Tape
75 inCh/sec 1/2" 7-channel tape
Punched Card
250 cards/min 80 char/card
Card to magnetic tape conversion done on "o:f:f-line"
basis.
General Electric Company, Han:ford Atomic Products
Operation
Card reader at 250 cards/min with o:f:f-line card to
tape conversion. Magnetic tape speed is (10,000 +
67N) microseconds, where N is the number o:f characters.

Speed

100 cards/min
150 lines/min
500 lineS/min
Typewriter
1,000 lineS/min
600 char Imin
Magnetic Drum
25,000 Char/sec
The IBM 1401 Data Processing System may be used :for
peripheral operations such as card-tape, tape-printer,
and card editing at speeds of: card reading- 800
cards/min, card punching-250 cards/min and printing600 line s /min.

398

Photo by General Electric Company Richland

u. S. Navy Aviation Supply Office
System has all above output systems.
Bank. of America
Media
Speed
Magnetic Tape
75 inch/sec 1/2" 7-channel tape
Punched Card
100 cards/min 80 char/card
Typewriter
600 char/min
Printer
500 lines/min 120 print positions
Magnetic tape to card and tape to printer conversion
done on If Off-line" basis.
General Electric Company, Hanford Atomic Products
Magnetic tape to card and tape to printer conversion
done on "off-line" basis.

CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Tubes
10,000
Tube types
10
Crystal diodes
17,000
Complement changes with configuration.
Bank. of America
In addition to the above, the system has 165,000
magnetic cores. It utilizes tube types 6211, 5965
and 5687.

399

CHECKI NG FEATURES
Instruction
During the execution of an instruction, a character
code error, an invalid operation part transfer, or
an operation part interpretation, may be detected and
indicated.
Machine
The machine check indicator is turned on when a character code error is detected during the execution of
all instructions (except write, write and era~e,
read, and read check) in which information is read
from accumulator storage or memory. Read-Write-checks the transmission of data from all input units
to memory. It also checks the transmission of all
output data from memory to the drum, tape unit, card
punch record storage, printer record storage, and
typewriter.
'
Printer-Punch
This indicator reflects any error when info~tion
is punched in a card or when printed on the printer.
Overflow
The overflow check indicator is turned on during an
add or ~ubtract operation when the number of digits
in the result is greater than the number of digits
in the longer of the original fields. An overflow
is indicated as a result of a round off operation if a

IBM 702

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