Grant Instructions

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PHS SF424 (R&R) Adobe Forms Version B Application Guide

Field Name

Instructions

2. Specific Aims

State concisely the goals of the proposed research and summarize the
expected outcome(s), including the impact that the results of the proposed
research will exert on the research field(s) involved.
List succinctly the specific objectives of the research proposed, e.g., to
test a stated hypothesis, create a novel design, solve a specific problem,
challenge an existing paradigm or clinical practice, address a critical
barrier to progress in the field, or develop new technology.
The Specific Aims attachment is required unless otherwise specified in
the FOA. Specific Aims are limited to one page.
Save this information in a single file in a location you remember. Click
Add Attachment, browse to where you saved the file, select the file, and
then click Open.

3. Research Strategy

Organize the Research Strategy in the specified order and using the
instructions provided below. Start each section with the appropriate
section heading – Significance, Innovation, Approach. Cite published
experimental details in the Research Strategy section and provide the full
reference in the Bibliography and References Cited section (Part I Section
4.4.9).
Follow the page limits for the Research Strategy in the table of page limits
(Table 2.6-1), unless specified otherwise in the FOA. Note that the page
limit for this attachment will be validated as a single file.
(a) Significance
•

Explain the importance of the problem or critical barrier to
progress in the field that the proposed project addresses.

•

Explain how the proposed project will improve scientific
knowledge, technical capability, and/or clinical practice in
one or more broad fields.

•

Describe how the concepts, methods, technologies,
treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive
this field will be changed if the proposed aims are achieved.

(b) Innovation
•

Explain how the application challenges and seeks to shift
current research or clinical practice paradigms.

•

Describe any novel theoretical concepts, approaches or
methodologies, instrumentation or interventions to be
developed or used, and any advantage over existing
methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions.

•

Explain any refinements, improvements, or new applications
of theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies,
instrumentation, or interventions.

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PHS SF424 (R&R) Adobe Forms Version B Application Guide

Field Name

Instructions
(c) Approach
•

Describe the overall strategy, methodology, and analyses to
be used to accomplish the specific aims of the project. Unless
addressed separately in Item 15 (Resource Sharing Plan),
include how the data will be collected, analyzed, and
interpreted as well as any resource sharing plans as
appropriate.

•

Discuss potential problems, alternative strategies, and
benchmarks for success anticipated to achieve the aims.

•

If the project is in the early stages of development, describe
any strategy to establish feasibility, and address the
management of any high risk aspects of the proposed work.

•

Point out any procedures, situations, or materials that may be
hazardous to personnel and precautions to be exercised. A full
discussion on the use of select agents should appear in Item
11, below.

If an applicant has multiple Specific Aims, then the applicant may address
Significance, Innovation and Approach for each Specific Aim
individually, or may address Significance, Innovation and Approach for
all of the Specific Aims collectively.
As applicable, also include the following information as part of the
Research Strategy, keeping within the three sections listed above:
Significance, Innovation, and Approach.
Preliminary Studies for New Applications: For new applications,
include information on Preliminary Studies. Discuss the PD/PI’s
preliminary studies, data, and or experience pertinent to this application.
Except for Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21/R33), Small Research
Grants (R03), and Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA)
Grants (R15), preliminary data can be an essential part of a research grant
application and help to establish the likelihood of success of the proposed
project. Early Stage Investigators should include preliminary data
(however, for R01 applications, reviewers will be instructed to place less
emphasis on the preliminary data in application from Early Stage
Investigators than on the preliminary data in applications from more
established investigators).
Progress Report for Renewal and Revision Applications. For
renewal/revision applications, provide a Progress Report. Provide the
beginning and ending dates for the period covered since the last
competitive review. Summarize the specific aims of the previous project
period and the importance of the findings, and emphasize the progress
made toward their achievement. Explain any significant changes to the
specific aims and any new directions including changes to the specific
aims and any new directions including changes resulting from significant
budget reductions. A list of publications, patents, and other printed
materials should be included in Item 5 (Progress Report Publication List);
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PHS SF424 (R&R) Adobe Forms Version B Application Guide

Field Name

Instructions
do not include that information here.
Save this information in a single file in a location you remember. Click
Add Attachment, browse to where you saved the file, select the file, and
then click Open.

4. Inclusion Enrollment
Report

If the renewal or revision application involves clinical research, then you
must report on the enrollment of research subjects and their distribution
by ethnicity/race and sex/gender.
See Part II, Section 4.3 for more detailed instructions on which Target and
Enrollment Report or Table to use.

5. Progress Report
Publication List (Renewal
Applications Only)

List the titles and complete references to all appropriate publications,
manuscripts accepted for publication, patents, and other printed materials
that have resulted from the project since it was last reviewed
competitively. When citing articles that fall under the Public Access
Policy, were authored or co-authored by the applicant and arose from NIH
support, provide the NIH Manuscript Submission reference number (e.g.,
NIHMS97531) or the PubMed Central (PMC) reference number (e.g.,
PMCID234567) for each article. If the PMCID is not yet available
because the Journal submits articles directly to PMC on behalf of their
authors, indicate “PMC Journal – In Process.” A list of these journals is
posted at: http://publicaccess.nih.gov/submit_process_journals.htm.
Citations that are not covered by the Public Access Policy, but are
publicly available in a free, online format may include URLs or PubMed
ID (PMID) numbers along with the full reference (note that copies of
these publications are not accepted as appendix material, see Part I
Section 5.5.15 for more information).

Human Subjects Sections
Field Name

Instructions

6. Protection of Human
Subjects

Refer to Part II, Supplemental Instructions for Preparing the Human
Subjects Section of the Research Plan.
This section is required for applicants answering “yes” to the question
“Are human subjects involved?” on the R&R Other Project Information
form. If the answer is “No” to the question but the proposed research
involves human specimens and/or data from subjects applicants must
provide a justification in this section for the claim that no human subjects
are involved.
Do not use the protection of human subjects section to circumvent the
page limits of the Research Strategy.
Save this information in a single file in a location you remember. Click
Add Attachment, browse to where you saved the file, select the file, and
then click Open.

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