Freon™ HP80, HP81, 404A PUSH Bulletin HP62 H47122 Suva HP
User Manual: HP62
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Freon™ HP80, HP81, and 404A Refrigerants (R-402A, R-402B, and R-404A) Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling Freon™ Refrigerants Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................1 Air Monitors and Leak Detection ....................................... 19 Freon™ HP Refrigerants.......................................................................... 1 Types of Detectors..................................................................................19 Uses........................................................................................1 Nonselective Detectors..................................................................19 Halogen-Selective Detectors.....................................................19 Physical Properties................................................................2 Compound-Specific Detectors..................................................19 Chemical/Thermal Stability...................................................2 Fluorescent Additives......................................................................19 Stability with Metals.................................................................................. 2 Storage and Handling......................................................... 20 Thermal Decomposition......................................................................... 6 Shipping Containers in the United States...............................20 Compatibility Concerns If R-502 and Freon™ HP Refrigerants Are Mixed............................................................................ 6 Bulk Storage Systems...........................................................................20 Converting Bulk Storage Tanks from R-502 to Freon™ HP Refrigerants....................................................................................22 Materials Compatibility ..................................................... 13 Elastomers....................................................................................................13 Material Compatibility Concerns..............................................22 Motor Materials.........................................................................................13 Handling Precautions for Freon™ HP Refrigerant Shipping Containers.....................................................................................................22 Desiccants....................................................................................................15 Refrigeration Lubricants......................................................................15 Recovery, Recycle, Reclamation, and Disposal ............... 23 Safety .................................................................................. 17 Recovery.........................................................................................................23 Inhalation Toxicity.....................................................................................17 Recycle............................................................................................................23 Cardiac Sensitization.............................................................................17 Reclamation.................................................................................................23 Skin and Eye Contact............................................................................17 Disposal..........................................................................................................23 Spills or Leaks.............................................................................................17 Combustibility of Freon™ HP Refrigerants...............................18 3 Freon™ Refrigerants Introduction In addition, Chemours has formulated a mixture based on all-HFC refrigerants, which results in no ozone depletion Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were developed over factor. This refrigerant is called Freon™ 404A (R-404A), 60 years ago, have many unique properties. They are low in and its composition is: toxicity, nonflammable, noncorrosive, and compatible with other materials. In addition, they offer the thermodynamic and physical properties that make them ideal for a variety Freon™ 404A (R-404A), wt% HFC-125 HFC-143a HFC-134a 44 52 4 of uses. CFCs are used as refrigerants; blowing agents in the manufacture of insulation, packaging, and cushioning The individual components of the three mixtures are listed foams; and cleaning agents for metal and electronic in Table 1 to show their chemical names and formulae. In components; as well as in many other applications. addition, the physical properties of the Freon™ HP refrigerants are listed in Table 3. However, the stability of these compounds, coupled with their chlorine content, has linked them to depletion of the Uses Earth’s protective ozone layer. As a result, Chemours has The Freon™ HP refrigerants can be used in virtually all phased out production of CFCs and introduced acceptable R-502-based applications, either as a result of retrofitting alternatives, such as the Freon™ HP refrigerant family. existing equipment that uses R-502 or following development of new equipment designed to use Freon™ HP products. Freon™ HP Refrigerants The products designated as Freon™ HP refrigerants are R-502 currently serves a wide range of applications in the intended as replacements for R-502 in medium- and refrigeration industry. It is used widely in supermarket low-temperature refrigeration systems. The Freon™ HP applications, food service and warehousing, transport refrigerant family contains two different types of refrigerants. refrigeration, cascade systems for very low temperatures, Both types involve the use of refrigerant blends to achieve and other assorted applications. It offers good capacity and alternatives that will act very much like R-502 in efficiency without suffering from the high compressor refrigeration systems. discharge temperatures that can be seen with HCFC-22 single-stage equipment. The first type of blends incorporate the following refrigerants in two compositions to optimize different Freon™ HP80 and HP81, which contain HCFC-22, are each performance characteristics: formulated to optimize different performance characteristics. HCFC-22 HFC-125 Propane Freon™ HP80 (R-402A), wt% 38 60 2 Freon™ HP81 (R-402B), wt% 60 38 2 Freon™ HP80 offers compressor discharge temperatures equivalent to R-502, with improved capacity versus R-502, and slightly lower theoretical efficiency. Freon™ HP81 offers the highest efficiency versus R-502, with slightly better capacity. However, the higher HCFC-22 content results in compressor discharge temperatures in the range of 14 °C (25 °F) higher than that of R-502, which makes Freon™ HP81 most suited for medium-temperature systems such as ice machines. Table 1. Refrigerant Information Refrigerant Chemical Name Formula CAS No. Molecular Weight Chlorodifluoromethane CF2HCl 75-45-6 6.47 HFC-125 Pentafluoroethane CF3CHF2 354-33-6 120.02 HFC-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane CF3CH2F 811-97-2 102.0 HFC-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane CF3CH3 420-46-2 4.08 Propane C3H8 74-98-6 4.1 HCFC-22 HC-290 4 Freon™ Refrigerants Freon™ 404A (R-404A) offers the best overall properties and alkylbenzene lubricants have shown long-term stability in when compared with R-502. Capacity and efficiency values contact with copper, steel, and aluminum in actual refrigeration should be equivalent to R-502, and compressor discharge systems. Mineral oils, alkylbenzene, mixtures of mineral oil/ temperatures may be up to 9 °C (14 °F) lower than R-502, alkylbenzene and polyol esters (POE) are all possible which may equate to longer compressor life and better candidates for use with Freon™ HP80 and HP81; POEs are lubricant stability. proposed lubricants for use with Freon™ 404A (R-404A). In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of all the The method followed was generally the same as ASHRAE 97 Freon™ HP products appear to be better than R-502, so with several minor modifications. A 3-mL volume of any loss of compression efficiency may be offset by refrigerant/lubricant solution was heated in the presence of improvements in heat transfer. copper, steel, and aluminum coupons in an oven for 14 days at 175 °C (347 °F). Both the neat lubricant and a mixture of Due to the differences in operating characteristics lubricant and refrigerant (50/50 volume ratio) were tested. described above, Freon™ HP80 and HP81 are typically Visual ratings were obtained on both the liquid solutions and selected for different applications. Freon™ HP81 is preferred the metal coupons after the designated exposure time. The where higher energy efficiency and capacity are needed and visual ratings range from 0-5, with 0 being best. higher discharge temperatures will not create operating difficulties. Both Freon™ HP80 and Freon™ 404A (R-404A) After the visual ratings were obtained, sample tubes were are full-range R-502 replacements, with Freon™ HP80 opened and the lubricant and refrigerant (if present) were preferred for retrofitting of existing systems, and Freon™ analyzed. The lubricant was typically checked for halide 404A (R-404A) preferred for new equipment. Freon™ 404A content and viscosity, while the refrigerant was examined (R-404A) can also be used for retrofitting existing for the presence of decomposition products. Table 4 equipment where HFCs are desired. Table 2 shows markets summarizes typical data for Freon™ HP refrigerants. Visual that currently use each of these refrigerants. ratings are listed for the neat lubricant, the lubricant/ refrigerant solution, and the three metals that were present Table 2. Freon™ HP Refrigerant Market Applications in the lubricant/refrigerant solutions. Viscosity was Product Medium Temperature Low Temperature determined on the unused lubricant, the tested neat Freon™ HP81 Ice Machines Food Service Vending Supermarket To Be Determined lubricant, and the lubricant tested in the presence of Supermarket Transport Supermarket Transport Food Service Freon™ HP80 Freon™ 404A (R-404A) refrigerant. Decomposition products were determined in some cases. Typical measurements for decomposition products are in the low parts per million (ppm) range. Freon™ HP81 tests with various lubricants indicate it has All adequate chemical stability with these lubricants. In addition, we believe that HP80 will have similar behavior due to the Physical Properties same refrigerants being used in the formulation. Freon™ General physical properties of the Freon™ HP refrigerants 404A (R-404A) tests with common POE lubricants indicate are shown in Table 3. Pressure enthalpy diagrams for that chemical stability of Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Freon™ HP refrigerants are shown in Figures 1–6. common metals used in refrigeration systems is acceptable. Additional physical property data may be found in other Chemours publications. Note: Lubricant/refrigerant combinations shown throughout this report are for the purposes of comparing the stability and Chemical/Thermal Stability compatibility of different lubricants with the Freon™ HP Stability with Metals products. No recommendation is made or implied that these Stability tests for refrigerant with metals are typically combinations will operate successfully in refrigeration systems. performed in the presence of refrigeration lubricants. Results of sealed tube stability tests available for R-502/mineral oil 5 Freon™ Refrigerants Table 3. General Property Information Physical Property Unit Freon™ HP80 (R-402A) Freon™ HP81 (R-402B) Freon™ 404A (R-404A) Molecular Weight, avg. g/mol 101.55 94.71 97.6 Boiling Point (1 atm) °C (°F) –49.2 (–56.5) –47.4 (–53.2) –46.5 (–51.6) Freezing Point (1 atm) °C (°F) N/A N/A N/A Critical Temperature °C (°F) 75.5 (167.9) 82.6 (180.7) 72.1 (161.7) Critical Pressure kPa (psia) 4135 (599.7) 4445 (644.8) 3732 (541.2) Critical Density kg/m3 (lb/ft3) 541.7 (33.82) 530.7 (33.13) 484.5 (30.23) Liquid Density at 25 °C (77 °F) kg/m (lb/ft ) 1151 (71.86) 1156 (72.14) 1048 (65.45) Density, Saturated. Vapor at -15 °C (5 °F) kg/m3 (lb/ft3) 19.93 (1.24) 16.90 (1.05) 18.20 (1.14) 3 3 Specific Heat, Liquid at 25 °C (77 °F) kJ/kg·K (Btu/lb·°F) 1.3 (0.328) 1.34 (0.320) 1.53 (0.367) Specific Heat, Vapor at 25 °C (77 °F) (1 atm) kJ/kg·K (Btu/lb·°F) 0.755 (0.181) 0.725 (0.173) 0.870 (0.207) kPa (psia) 1337 (194.0) 1254 (181.9) 1255 (182.0) kJ/kg (Btu/lb) 194.0 (83.5) 210.0 (90.3) 202.1 (87.0) W/m·K (Btu/hr·ft·°F) W/m·K (Btu/hr·ft·°F) 6.91E-2 (4.00E-2) 1.266E-2 (7.32E-3) 7.35E-2 (4.25E-2) 1.205E-2 (6.96E-3) 6.83E-2 (3.94E-2) 1.346E-2 (7.78E-3) Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F) Liquid Vapor (1 atm) Pa·s Pa·s 1.38E-4 1.29E-5 1.45E-4 1.28E-5 1.28E-4 1.22E-5 Flammability Limit in Air (1 atm) vol% None None None (CFC-12 = 1.0) 0.02 0.03 0.0 Vapor Pressure at 25 °C (77 °F) Heat of Vaporization at Boiling Point Thermal Conductivity at 25 °C (77 °F) Liquid Vapor (1 atm) Ozone Depletion Potential Halocarbon Global Warming Potential TSCA Inventory Status Inhalation Exposure Limit* (CFC-11 = 1.0) 0.63 0.52 0.94 Reported/Included? Yes Yes Yes ppm (8- and 12-hr TWA) 1000 1000 1000 *The exposure limit is calculated based on the Chemours Acceptable Exposure Limit (AEL) for each component of the refrigerant blend. AEL is an airborne inhalation exposure limit established by Chemours that specifies time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effects during an 8- or 12-hr workday and a 40-hr work week. Thermal Decomposition deliberately, they will form mixtures that can be very Like R-502, Freon™ HP refrigerants will decompose when difficult to separate. Therefore, mixtures of R-502 and Freon™ HP refrigerants cannot be separated in on-site exposed to high temperature or flame sources. recycle machines or in the typical facilities of an off-site Decomposition may produce toxic and irritating reclaimer. These mixtures will have to be disposed of by compounds, such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen incineration. fluoride. The decomposition products released will irritate the nose and throat. Therefore, it is important to prevent Also, mixtures of R-502 and Freon™ HP refrigerants will have decomposition by following Chemours Safety Data Sheet performance properties different from either refrigerant (SDS) recommendations for handling and use. alone. These properties may not be acceptable for your systems. Therefore, we do not recommend mixing R-502 Compatibility Concerns If R-502 and Freon™ HP and Freon™ HP refrigerants in any system. First remove the Refrigerants Are Mixed R-502 properly (see Recovery discussion) and then charge R-502 and Freon™ HP refrigerants are chemically the new refrigerant. compatible with each other; this means that they do not react with each other and form other compounds. However, when the different refrigerants are mixed by accident or 6 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 1. Freon™ 404A (R-404A) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (SI Units) 7 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 2. Freon™ 404A (R-404A) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (ENG Units) 8 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 3. Freon™ HP80 (R-402A) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (SI Units) 9 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 4. Freon™ HP80 (R-402A) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (ENG Units) 10 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 5. Freon™ HP81 (R-402B) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (SI Units) 11 Freon™ Refrigerants Figure 6. Freon™ HP81 (R-402B) Pressure–Enthalpy Diagram (ENG Units) 12 Freon™ Refrigerants Materials Compatibility • EPDM (ethylene propylene diene, commercial grade, from Kirkhill Rubber Co.) Because Freon™ HP refrigerants will be used in many different applications, it is important to review materials of • NBR (BUNA N, nitrile butadiene, from Parker Seal Co.) construction for compatibility when designing new equipment, retrofitting existing equipment, or preparing storage and Lubricants tested: handling facilities. Because Freon™ HP products have been • Mineral Oil, Suniso 3GS, Witco Corporation designed as refrigerants, the compatibility data • Alkylbenzene, Zerol 150 TD, Shrieve Chemical Products Inc. summarized here will include materials commonly used in refrigeration applications. • Polyol Ester, Icematic SW32, Castrol • Polyol Ester, Arctic EAL22, Mobil Chemical Elastomers Compatibility results for Freon™ HP81 (R-402B) and Freon™ Motor Materials 404A (R-404A) were developed with five different polymer and In hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors, the lubricant combinations. It was assumed that Freon™ HP80 compressor motor is normally cooled by direct contact with (R-402A) compatibility would be similar to Freon™ HP81. refrigerant returning from the evaporator. As a result, the motor must be compatible with the refrigerants and Recognize that these data reflect compatibility in sealed lubricants used in the refrigeration system. tube tests, and that refrigerant compatibility in real systems can be influenced by the actual operating conditions, the Accelerated aging tests were conducted with combinations nature of the polymers used, the compounding formulations of refrigerants, lubricants, and motor materials using sealed of the polymers, and the curing or vulcanization processes tube tests prepared according to ANSI/ASHRAE 97-1989. used to create the polymer. Polymers should always be After aging, the materials in the tubes were inspected tested under actual operating conditions before reaching visually and microscopically and tested physically and final conclusions about their suitability. chemically to determine property changes. The rankings shown in Table 5 are based on duplicate Materials tested, and a summary of test results, are samples of each polymer subjected to aging at 150 °C described below. (302 °F) for 30 days in various lubricant/refrigerant combinations. Physical properties of the test samples were Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Mylar® determined before and after aging. The resulting ratings are PET film is used as phase and slot insulation in hermetic based on 1 being best and 5 being worst for the purposes motors. Visual inspection of sealed tubes after aging in of comparison. The factors included in the overall refrigerant environments revealed no extracts with assessment of compatibility included: refrigerant alone (R-502, Freon™ HP81, or Freon™ 404A • Visual observations of material changes due to aging [R-404A]), but varying degrees of cloudiness and light precipitates when lubricants were present. • Changes in weight and volume of the samples due to aging • Changes in hardness of the samples due to aging PET weight change on aging was small (<5%) and occurred with R-502/lubricant and HP81/lubricant combinations. • Changes in flexural properties of the samples due to aging Weight gain with Freon™ 404A (R-404A)/ester lubricants • Recovery of weight and flexural properties after was 2% or less. refrigerant evaporation PET flexibility after aging was determined by a bend test. The compounds tested were: The results show excellent retention of flexibility on aging • PTFE (Teflon™, commercial-grade skived sheet, from at 135 °C (275 °F). There is definite loss of flexibility when Tex-O-Lon Mfg. Co.) PET is aged in R-502/mineral oil or R-502/alkylbenzene at 150 °C (302 °F). This loss of flexibility does not occur • Neoprene W (from Precision Rubber Co.) when PET is aged in HP81 or Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with • HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butadiene, N1195 from ester lubricants at 150 °C (302 °F). Parker Seal Co.) 13 Freon™ Refrigerants Table 4. Stability of HP Refrigerants with Metals and Lubricants Freon™ HP81 with Various Lubricants Property HP81 with Mineral Oil, Suniso 3GS HP81 with Alkylbenzene, Zerol 150 TD HP81 with Polyol Ester, Castrol Icematic SW32 ND ND 29.6 Neat Oil 0 ND 1, H Oil/Refrig Viscosity of Neat Oil at 40 °C (104 °F), (mm)2/s (cSt) Stability Tests/Visual Ratings 1, G, H 2, P 0 Copper 0 2, T 0 Iron 0 0 1, T Aluminum 0 0 0 % Change Neat ND ND 5.0 % Change w/Refrig ND ND –13.3 Viscosity Change Decomposition Analysis (F-), ppm ND ND 7 (Cl-), ppm ND ND 7 (Values for Freon™ HP80 assumed to be comparable) Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Various Lubricants Property Viscosity of Neat Oil at 40 °C (104 °F), (mm)2/s (cSt) Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Mineral Oil, Suniso 3GS Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Alkylbenzene, Zerol 150 TD Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Polyol Ester, Castrol Icematic SW32 Freon™ 404A (R-404A) with Polyol Ester, Mobil Arctic EAL22 ND ND 29.6 23.7 Stability Tests/Visual Ratings Neat Oil 0 0 1, H 0 Oil/Refrig 1, G 2, P, G, H 0, G 1, G 0 2, T 0 0 Iron 0 1, T 1, T, P 0 Aluminum 0 0 0 0 % Change Neat ND ND 5.0 ND % Change w/Refrig ND ND ND ND Copper Viscosity Change Visual Ratings: ND = Not Determined G = Gel T = Tarnish H = Haze P = Precipitate Stability Ratings: 0 to 5 0 = Best 3 = Failed 5 = Coked 14 Freon™ Refrigerants Table 5. Relative Ranking of Polymer/Refrigerant/Lubricant Compatibility Polymer Refrigerant/Lubricant PTFE HNBR Neoprene W EPDM NBR R-502 Neat 2 4 2 2 1 R-502/Mineral Oil 2 4 4 5 2 R-502/Alkylbenzene 2 4 2 5 2 HP81 (R-402B) Neat 2 4 2 2 2 HP81 (R-402B)/Mineral Oil 2 4 4 5 2 HP81 (R-402B)/Alkylbenzene 2 4 2 5 2 HP81 (R-402B)/Castrol Ester 2 4 2 2 5 HP81 (R-402B)/Mobil Ester 2 4 2 1 5 404A (R-404A) Neat 2 1 1 2 1 404A (R-404A)/Mineral Oil 2 2 4 5 2 404A (R-404A)/Alkylbenzene 2 2 3 5 2 404A (R-404A)/Castrol Ester 2 4 2 1 5 404A (R-404A)/Mobil Ester 2 4 2 1 5 (1 → 5; best → worst) Polyesterimide Enameled Motor Wire, Amide-Imide Desiccants Overcoated (NEMA NW 35C) In refrigeration systems, keeping the refrigerant and No extracts or precipitates were observed on aging the lubricant free of moisture is very important. Dryers filled enameled wire in any of the lubricant/refrigerant with moisture-absorbing desiccant are typically used to combinations. No blistering, crazing, or cracking was prevent moisture accumulation. A desiccant used with observed after aging. Retention of flexibility was confirmed R-502, UOP’s (formerly Union Carbide Molecular Sieve) by 1x bend tests of the wire after aging. 4A-XH-5, is not generally compatible with highly fluorinated refrigerants such as Freon™ HP products. However, Dacron®/Mylar®/Dacron® Lead Wire (Belden 14 AWG) compatible molecular sieve desiccants, such as XH-9, have After aging of D-M-D samples in refrigerant/lubricant been developed. For loose-filled and solid core dryers, new environments, contents of the tubes were inspected for desiccants are available that are also compatible with the particulates, the tubes were cooled and opened, and the new refrigerants and lubricants. Be sure to tell your parts lead wire samples were subjected to bend tests. Minimal wholesaler what refrigerants you plan to use when particulates or extracts were observed after aging. PET specifying the dryer for your system. embrittlement, ranging from slight loss of flexibility to shattering, was observed when specimens were bent 135 Refrigeration Lubricants degrees. The degree of embrittlement appeared to be a Most compressors require a lubricant to protect internal factor of the lubricant, rather than the refrigerant. All D-M-D moving parts. The compressor manufacturer usually samples were embrittled in the presence of mineral oil or recommends the type of lubricant(s) and proper viscosity alkylbenzene lubricants. Good flexibility was seen after aging that should be used to ensure acceptable operation and with polyol esters in the presence of all refrigerants. equipment durability. Recommendations are based on several criteria, which can include lubricity, miscibility, Summary compatibility with materials of construction, thermal In summary, ester-based lubricants appear to cause much stability, and compatibility with other lubricants. It is less effect on common motor materials than mineral oils or important to follow the manufacturers’ recommendations alkylbenzene lubricants. In all cases, the results appeared for lubricants to be used with their equipment. to be better than R-502 with lubricants commonly used with R-502. 15 Freon™ Refrigerants Current lubricants used with R-502 have at least partial possible lubricant candidates that may be screened by miscibility with R-502, which eases the problems of various equipment manufacturers. In addition, there will be designing systems to allow lubricant return back to the continuing research and development of new lubricants compressor. Many refrigeration systems take advantage of that we may not have tested because the market for this miscibility when considering lubricant return. alternative refrigerants continues to stimulate other market areas. Review your system needs with the equipment Note: Field experience has shown that Freon™ HP81 works manufacturer, Chemours distributor, certified refrigeration successfully with mineral oil in many small hermetic service contractor, or other qualified party. Never assume systems where oil return is not a concern. the current lubricant in your refrigeration system will be acceptable with the Freon™ HP refrigerant you intend to Refrigerants such as Freon™ HP products, with little or no use. Always review system components for compatibility chlorine present in them, may exhibit less miscibility with with the new refrigerant and possibly a new lubricant. common lubricants used with R-502. Although many R-502 systems operating at low temperatures allow for reduced Table 6 shows a summary of miscibility tests done with a miscibility with the lubricant, it is important to know that the 50/50 volume mixture of refrigerant and lubricant over a lubricants used with Freon™ HP refrigerants will return to the wide range of temperatures, with visual inspection for compressor using existing equipment designs. phase separation as the tubes are slowly warmed. This table does not show that any refrigerant/lubricant Different compressor and equipment manufacturers will combination is acceptable, only whether the two appear to recommend lubricants to use with their equipment and be miscible at the conditions shown. Freon™ HP products. It would be difficult to summarize all Table 6. Miscibility Summary R-502 w/mineral oil w/alkylbenzene –60 +73 2 phases –60 2 phases –27 2 phases (inversion) +80 +80 1 phase Freon™ HP81 (R-402B) w/mineral oil w/alkylbenzene w/polyol ester –60 +68 2 phases –60 +16 2 phases –60 2 phases (inversion) +80 +80 1 phase +80 1 phase Freon™ HP80 (R-402A) w/mineral oil –50 w/alkylbenzene –50 w/polyol ester 2 phases 2 phases –50 +65 +72 2 phases (inversion) +66 +72 2 phases (inversion) +72 1 phase Freon™ 404A (R-404A) w/mineral oil w/alkylbenzene w/polyol ester –60 –60 +52 2 phases +57 2 phases –60 1 phase Note: All temperatures in °C 16 2 phases (inversion) 2 phases (inversion) +80 +80 +80 Freon™ Refrigerants Safety If you are exposed to very high concentrations of Freon™ HP refrigerants, move immediately from the area and seek Users must have and understand the applicable Freon™ HP refrigerant Safety Data Sheets (SDS). medical attention as a precaution. Do not attempt to Inhalation Toxicity effects of overexposure can be very sudden. remain in the area to fix a leak or perform other duties—the Freon™ HP refrigerants pose no acute or chronic hazard Medical attention must be given immediately if someone is when they are handled in accordance with Chemours having symptoms of overexposure to Freon™ HP recommendations and exposures are maintained below refrigerants. Do not treat the patient with drugs such as recommended exposure limits, such as the Chemours epinephrine. These drugs could increase the risk of cardiac acceptable exposure limit (AEL) of 1,000 ppm, 8- or 12-hour problems. If the person is having trouble breathing, time-weighted average (TWA). administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped, administer artificial respiration. Call a physician. An AEL is an airborne exposure limit established by Chemours that specifies time-weighted average for Skin and Eye Contact airborne concentrations to which nearly all workers may be At room temperature, Freon™ HP refrigerant vapors have repeatedly exposed without adverse effects. The AEL for little or no effect on the skin or eyes. However, in liquid form, Freon™ HP refrigerants is the same level as the threshold they can freeze skin or eyes on contact, causing frostbite. If limit value (TLV) established for HCFC-22 and calculated for R-502 based on the TLVs for the components. contact with liquid does occur, soak the exposed areas in However, like R-502, exposure above the recommended attention immediately. lukewarm water, not cold or hot. In all cases, seek medical exposure limit to the vapors of Freon™ HP refrigerants by Always wear protective clothing when there is a risk of inhalation may cause human health effects that can include exposure to liquid refrigerants. Where splashing of refrigerant temporary nervous system depression with anesthetic may occur, always wear eye protection and a face shield. effects such as dizziness, headache, confusion, loss of coordination, and even loss of consciousness. Higher Spills or Leaks exposures to the vapors may cause temporary alteration of If a large release of vapor occurs, such as from a large spill the heart’s electrical activity with irregular pulse, or leak, the vapors may concentrate near the floor or in low palpitations, or inadequate circulation. Death can occur elevation areas, which can displace the oxygen needed for from gross overexposure. Intentional misuse or deliberate life, resulting in suffocation. inhalation of Freon™ HP refrigerant vapors may cause death without warning. This practice is extremely dangerous. Evacuate everyone until the area has been well ventilated. Re-enter the area only while using self-contained breathing A person experiencing any of the initial symptoms should apparatus. Use blowers or fans to circulate the air at floor be moved to fresh air and kept calm. If breathing is difficult, or low levels. administer oxygen. If not breathing, administer artificial respiration. Call a physician. Always use self-contained breathing apparatus or an air-line respirator when entering tanks or other areas where Cardiac Sensitization vapors might exist. Use the buddy system (a second As with many other halocarbons and hydrocarbons, employee stationed outside the tank) and a lifeline. Refer to inhalation of Freon™ HP refrigerants followed by the Safety Data Sheet for the specific Freon™ HP intravenous injection of epinephrine, to simulate human refrigerant you plan to use. stress reactions, results in a cardiac sensitization response. In humans, this can lead to cardiac irregularities and even Freon™ HP refrigerants have virtually no odor and, therefore, cardiac arrest. The likelihood of these cardiac problems can be extremely difficult to detect in enclosed areas. increases if you are under physical or emotional stress. Frequent leak checks and the installation of permanent Freon™ HP refrigerants can cause these responses well leak detectors may be necessary for enclosed areas or above the AEL, but the effect level varies with people and machinery rooms. Refer to ASHRAE Standards 15 and 34 has not been fully determined. for machinery room requirements. 17 Freon™ Refrigerants To ensure safety when using Freon™ HP refrigerants in air. Pressurized mixtures of dry nitrogen and R-404A, enclosed areas: HP80 or HP81 can be used for leak testing. 1. Route relief and purge vent piping outdoors, away from • Bulk Delivery and Storage air intakes. – Tanks should be evacuated prior to initial filling and 2. Make certain the area is well ventilated at all times; use should never be filled while under positive air pressure. auxiliary ventilation, if necessary, to remove vapors. – Tank pressure should never be allowed to exceed the 3. Make sure the work area is free of vapors prior to tank manufacturer’s maximum allowable working beginning any work. pressure when filling with R-404A, HP80 or HP81. 4. Install air monitoring equipment to detect leaks. Relief devices on either the tanks or the supply system should be present and in good operating condition. Combustibility of Freon™ HP Refrigerants – Tank pressures should be monitored routinely. Freon™ 404A (R-404A), HP80, and HP81 are not flammable in air at temperatures up to 100 °C (212 °F) at – Air lines should never be connected to storage tanks. atmospheric pressure. However, mixtures of R-404A, • Filling and Charging Operations HP80 or HP81 with high concentrations of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature can become combustible in – Before evacuating cylinders or refrigeration the presence of an ignition source. Freon™ 404A (R-404A), equipment, any remaining refrigerant should be HP80, and HP81 can also become combustible in an removed by a recovery system. oxygen enriched environment (oxygen concentrations – Vacuum pump discharge lines should be free of greater than that in air). Whether a mixture containing restrictions that could increase discharge pressures Freon™ 404A (R-404A), HP80 or HP81 and air, or Freon™ and result in the formation of combustible mixtures. 404A (R-404A), HP80 or HP81 in an oxygen enriched atmosphere becomes combustible depends on the inter- – Cylinders or refrigeration equipment should be relationship of 1) the temperature 2) the pressure, and 3) evacuated at the start of filling and should never be the proportion of oxygen in the mixture. In general, Freon™ filled while under positive air pressure. 404A (R-404A), HP80 or HP81 should not be allowed to – Filled cylinders should periodically be analyzed for air exist with air above atmospheric pressure or at high (nonabsorbable gas or [NAG]). temperatures, or in an oxygen enriched environment. For example: R-404A, HP80 or HP81 should NOT be mixed • Refrigerant Recovery Systems with air under pressure for leak testing or other purposes. Efficient recovery of refrigerant from equipment or Refrigerants should not be exposed to open flames or containers requires evacuation at the end of the electrical heating elements. High temperatures and flames recovery cycle. Suction lines to a recovery compressor can cause the refrigerants to decompose, releasing toxic should be periodically checked for leaks to prevent and irritating fumes. In addition, a torch flame can become compressing air into the recovery cylinder during dramatically larger or change color if used in high evacuation. In addition, the recovery cylinder pressure concentrations of many refrigerants including R-500 or should be monitored and evacuation stopped in the R-22, as well as many alternative refrigerants. This flame event of a rapid pressure rise, indicating the presence of enhancement can cause surprise or even injury. Always air. The recovery cylinder contents should then be recover refrigerants, evacuate equipment, and ventilate analyzed for NAG, and the recovery system leak checked work areas properly before using any open flames. if air is present. Do not continue to evacuate a refrigeration system that has a major leak. Based on the above information, the following operating practices are recommended. • Combustibility with Chlorine Experimental data have also been reported that indicate • Do Not Mix with Air for Leak Testing combustibility of HCFC-22 (a component of HP80 and – Equipment should never be leak tested with a HP81) in the presence of chlorine. pressurized mixture of R-404A, HP80 or HP81 and 18 Freon™ Refrigerants Air Monitors and Leak Detection Halogen-Selective Detectors Halogen-selective detectors use a specialized sensor that Service personnel have used leak detection equipment for allows the monitor to detect compounds containing years when servicing equipment. Leak detectors exist not fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine without interference only for pinpointing specific leaks, but also for monitoring from other species. The major advantage of such a an entire room on a continual basis. There are several detector is a reduction in the number of nuisance alarms— reasons for leak pinpointing or area monitoring, including: false alarms caused by the presence of some compound in • Conservation of refrigerant the area other than the target compound. • Protection of employees These detectors are typically easy to use, feature higher • Detection of fugitive or small emissions sensitivity than the nonselective detectors (detection limits • Protection of equipment are typically <5 ppm when used as an area monitor and <1.4 g/yr [<0.05 oz/yr] when used as a leak pinpointer), and Leak detectors can be placed into two broad categories: are very durable. In addition, due to the partial specificity of leak pinpointers and area monitors. Before purchasing a the detector, these instruments can be easily calibrated. monitor or pinpointer, several criteria should be considered, which include sensitivity, detection limits, and selectivity. Compound-Specific Detectors The most complex detectors, which are also the most Types of Detectors expensive, are compound-specific detectors. These units Using selectivity as a criterion, leak detectors can be are typically capable of detecting the presence of a single placed into one of three categories: nonselective, halogen- compound without interference from other compounds. selective, or compound-specific. In general, as the specificity of the monitor increases, so will the complexity and cost. With Freon™ HP refrigerants, using compound-specific A different technology that can be employed to find leaks often contain similar types of compounds. In an area where is by using a dye or other additive that is placed in the different refrigerant mixtures are used, these detectors refrigeration system and emitted with the leaking may offer more specificity than is needed for normal leak refrigerant and lubricant. management. Discuss these issues with the equipment detectors may be difficult because the different mixtures manufacturers before making a purchase decision. A detailed discussion of leak detection is given in the Chemours technical bulletin, “Leak Detector Guidance for Fluorescent Additives Freon™ Refrigerants." Fluorescent additives have been used in refrigeration systems for several years. These additives, invisible under Nonselective Detectors ordinary lighting, but visible under ultraviolet (UV) light, are Nonselective detectors are those that will detect any type used to pinpoint leaks in systems. The additives are typically of emission or vapor present, regardless of its chemical placed into the refrigeration lubricant when the system is composition. These detectors are typically quite simple to serviced or charged. Leaks are detected by using a UV light use, very rugged, inexpensive, and almost always portable. to search for additive that has escaped from the system. However, their inability to be calibrated, long-term drift, and lack of selectivity and sensitivity limit their use for area Recent innovations in dye technology have allowed monitoring. fluorescent additives to be used with HFCs and new refrigerant mixtures. However, before adding additives to a Some nonselective detectors designed for use with R-502 system, the compatibility of the specific dye with the may have a much lower sensitivity when used with Freon™ lubricant and refrigerant should be tested. HP refrigerants. However, newly designed detectors with good sensitivity for HFCs are now available. Be sure to consult with the manufacturer before selecting or using a nonselective detector with Freon™ HP refrigerants. 19 Freon™ Refrigerants Storage and Handling The 123-lb cylinders are equipped with a nonrefillable liquid vapor CGA-660 valve. With this two-way valve, refrigerant Shipping Containers in the United States can be removed from the cylinder as either vapor or liquid, Freon™ HP refrigerants are liquefied compressed gases. without inverting the cylinder. The vapor valve handwheel is According to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), located on the top of the valve assembly. The liquid handwheel a nonflammable compressed gas is defined as a is on the side of the valve and attached to a dip tube nonflammable material having an absolute pressure greater extending to the bottom of the cylinder. Each is clearly than 40 psia at 21 °C (70 °F) and/or an absolute pressure identified as vapor or liquid. greater than 104 psia at 54 °C (130 °F). See Table 7 for the appropriate DOT designation. The 4,400-gal cylinder is known as an ISO tank. The dimensions referenced in Table 8 represent the frame in Table 7. DOT Designations which the container is shipped. The tank itself has the same (HP80/81) Compressed Gas N.O.S. (Contains Pentafluoroethane and Chlorodifluoromethane) (404A [R-404A]) Compressed Gas N.O.S. (Contains Pentafluoroethane and Trifluoroethane) refrigerants from the United States. (All) Nonflammable Gas (HP80/81) 2 The general construction of a one-ton returnable container (404A [R-404A]) 2.2 fitted with two valves. When the container is turned so that UN/NA Number (All) UN 3163 the valves are lined up vertically, the top valve will discharge DOT Labels (All) Nonflammable Gas vapor and the bottom valve will discharge liquid. The valves DOT Placard (All) Nonflammable Gas are protected by a dome cover. The valves are Superior DOT Proper Shipping Name Hazard Class DOT/IMO Hazard Class length of 20 ft and an outside diameter of approximately 86 in. ISO tanks are used for export shipments of is shown in Figure 7. Note that one end of the container is Type 660-X1-B1. A list of the different types of containers that can be used One-ton containers are equipped with two fusible plugs in to ship Freon™ HP refrigerants in the United States, along each end. The fusible metal in the plugs is designed to start with their water capacities, dimensions, DOT specifications, melting at 69 °C (157 °F) and completely melt at 74 °C and net weights, are provided in Table 8. All pressure relief (165 °F). Containers should never be heated to temperatures devices used on the containers must be in compliance with higher than 52 °C (125 °F). One spring-loaded pressure the corresponding Compressed Gas Association (CGA) relief valve is also located in each end of the container. Standards for compressed gas cylinders, cargo, and portable tanks. Bulk Storage Systems The 15-lb, 30-lb, and 123-lb cylinders designed for Chemours sells storage systems, at cost, to their refrigerant applications will be painted the colors shown in refrigeration customers. The systems are prefabricated, Table 8, with labels that bear the name of the product in the tested, and ready to install on site. The units are designed same color. For clarification, the colors are: to optimize economy, efficiency, and safety in the storage and dispensing of Chemours refrigerants. The delivered Freon™ HP80 PMS 461 Light Brown systems include all components, such as storage tank, Freon™ HP81 PMS 385 Green Brown pumps, piping, valves, motors, and instrumentation, as an Freon™ 404A (R-404A) PMS 021 Orange integrated unit. All systems are equipped with dual pumps to provide an installed spare. The units are skid-mounted and require only placement on a concrete pad and Disposable cylinders, known as a Dispos-A-Can® (or DAC), connection to electrical and process systems. fit into a box with the measurements given in Table 8. When used to ship Freon™ HP refrigerants to the stationary A typical bulk storage system is shown in Figure 8. Your refrigeration market, the cylinders will have the same outlet Chemours marketing representative can arrange for fittings as cylinders of R-502. guidance on site selection, purchase, installation, start-up, and maintenance. 20 Freon™ Refrigerants Table 8. Specifications of Shipping Containers for Freon™ HP Refrigerants Container Dimensions DOT Spec. 7.5" x 7.5" x 14.5" 39 30-lb Dispos-A-Can® 10" x 10" x 17" 39 123-lb Cylinder 55" H x 10" OD 15-lb Dispos-A-Can ® Net Weight (lb) 4BA300 4BA400 1,682-lb ton Cylinder 5,000 gal 4,400 gal ISO 170,000 lb 82" L x 30" OD 110A500W Tank Truck MC-330 or -331 8' x 8.5' x 20' (frame) 51 Rail Car 114A340W Color Code (HP81 Only) 13 PMS 385/Green Brown (HP80) 27 PMS 461/Light Brown (404A [R-404A]) 24 PMS 021/Orange (HP81) 110 (404A [R-404A]) 100 (HP80) 110 40,000 Figure 7. One-Ton Returnable Container Figure 8.Typical Bulk Storage System Internal Safety Relief Valves Pressure Gauge Manway Tank Liquid Level Gauge Excess Flow Valves Ball Valve Vapor Equalizing Line Thermometer Back Pressure Regulator Relief Valves 2" Pipe Liquid Fill Line Flow Indicator 1" Pipe FEED System Pump Check Valve Flange To Service Filter 21 Motor Freon™ Refrigerants Converting Bulk Storage Tanks from R-502 to Freon™ HP In a fluorocarbon storage system, elastomers are most Refrigerants commonly found in: Before switching any R-502 storage system to Freon™ HP • Packing and seats of manual valves refrigerants, the existing storage equipment must be • Pressure relief device seats checked to verify that it is adequate. Storage tanks built to the specifications of the American Society of Mechanical • Flange and manway gaskets Engineers (ASME) Pressure Vessel Code are required to • Mechanical pump seals have a metal nameplate indicating each tank’s maximum • Wet-end pump gaskets and O-rings allowable working pressure (MAWP). This rating must be 320 psig or higher for use with all Freon™ HP refrigerants. • Filter O-rings In addition, the set pressure of the tank relief device must also be checked and changed if necessary. This relief • Sight-glass gaskets setting cannot be higher than the maximum working • Back-pressure regulator diaphragms and O-rings pressure listed on the nameplate, however. Handling Precautions for Freon™ HP Refrigerant We recommend that storage tanks be completely emptied Shipping Containers of all R-502 liquid and vapor before introducing the HP The following rules for handling HP refrigerant containers refrigerant. In general, converting a storage tank to HP are strongly recommended: refrigerant requires: • Use personal protective equipment such as side shield 1. Removing all R-502 from the storage tank, lines, and safety glasses, gloves, and safety shoes when handling equipment. refrigerant containers. 2. Evacuating the storage tank to 25–29 in of vacuum and • Avoid skin contact with refrigerants, as they may cause purging with compressed dry nitrogen gas. frostbite. 3. Making necessary repairs to the tank after initial • Never heat a container to temperatures higher than 52 °C evacuation and purging. (125 °F). 4. Repeating Step 2 until R-502 and moisture levels are • Never apply direct flame or live steam to a container or valve. within acceptable limits. • Never refill disposable cylinders with anything. The 5. Refilling the system with Freon™ HP refrigerant. shipment of refilled disposable cylinders is prohibited by DOT regulations. This is a simplified outline of what is actually a lengthy procedure. Your Chemours marketing representative can assist • Never refill returnable cylinders without Chemours consent. in obtaining the equipment, instrumentation, and technical DOT regulations forbid transportation of returnable assistance to safely and effectively make the conversion. cylinders refilled without Chemours authorization. • Never use a lifting magnet or sling (rope or chain) when Material Compatibility Concerns handling containers. A crane may be used when a safe Most metal components suitable for use with R-502 are cradle or platform is used to hold the container. also compatible with Freon™ HP refrigerants. These include standard grades of carbon steel, aluminum, and copper. • Never use containers as rollers, supports, or for any Some elastomeric or nonmetallic components suitable for purpose other than to carry refrigerant. R-502 may not be adequate with the new refrigerants. • Protect containers from any object that will result in a Therefore, all elastomeric or nonmetallic components cut or other abrasion in the surface of the metal. throughout the system must be identified and their • Never tamper with the safety devices in the valves or compatibility with Freon™ HP refrigerants verified. For containers. complete reliability, any component that cannot be properly identified should be replaced. • Never attempt to repair or alter containers or valves. 22 Freon™ Refrigerants • Never force connections that do not fit. Make sure the Recycle threads on the regulators or other auxiliary equipment Refrigerant recycle refers to reducing the contaminant are the same as those on the container valve outlets. levels in used refrigerants by passing the refrigerants through devices that separate out or reduce the amount of • Keep valves tightly closed and valve caps and hoods in lubricant, water, acidity and particulates. Recycle is usually place when the containers are not in use. a field or shop procedure with no analytical testing of • Store containers under a roof to protect them from refrigerant. Freon™ HP refrigerants may be recycled using weather extremes. many of the devices now available. In the United States, the EPA sets standards for these devices. Recycle is already • Use a vapor recovery system to collect refrigerant standard practice in many portions of the commercial vapors from lines after unloading. refrigeration industry. Consult with the manufacturer before Recovery, Recycle, Reclamation, and Disposal specifying a recycle device for any refrigerant. Responsible use of Freon™ HP refrigerants requires that If you routinely recycle Freon™ HP refrigerants through the product be recovered for re-use or disposal whenever several cycles, we recommend that you have the possible. Chemours purchases used refrigerant for composition of the refrigerant checked periodically. This reclamation through its distributor networks in the United will prevent loss of performance in the unlikely event that States, Canada, and Europe. In the United States, all the composition has shifted. Freon™ HP products will be accepted as part of this program. Recovery and re-use of refrigerant makes sense Reclamation from an environmental and economic standpoint. In Reclamation refers to the reprocessing of used refrigerant addition, the U.S. Clean Air Act prohibits known venting of to new product specifications. Quality of the reclaimed CFC, HCFC, and HFC refrigerants during the maintenance, servicing or disposal of refrigeration equipment. product is verified by chemical analysis. In the United Recovery refrigerant reclamation program. Contact Chemours or one Recovery refers to the removal of refrigerant from of our authorized distributors for further information. States, Freon™ HP refrigerants are included in Chemours equipment and collection in an appropriate container. As Reclamation offers advantages over on-site refrigerant defined by the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute recycling procedures because recycling systems cannot (ARI), recovery does not involve processing or analysis of guarantee complete removal of all contaminants. Putting the refrigerants. Freon™ HP refrigerants may be recovered refrigerants that do not meet new product specifications from refrigeration equipment using permanent on-site into expensive equipment may cause damage. equipment or many of the portable recovery devices now available in the marketplace. The portable devices contain a Disposal small compressor, an air-cooled condenser, and may be Disposal refers to the destruction of used refrigerant. used for vapor (and in some cases, liquid) recovery. At the Disposal may be necessary when the refrigerant has end of the recovery cycle, the system is evacuated become badly contaminated with other products and no thoroughly to remove vapors. In the United States, the longer meets the acceptance specifications of Chemours Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets standards for or other reclaimers. Although Chemours does not presently recovery equipment. Before purchasing a specific recovery accept severely contaminated refrigerant for disposal, unit, check with the manufacturer to be sure that it licensed waste disposal firms are available. Be sure to contains proper materials of construction and lubricant for check the qualifications of any firm before sending them the refrigerants you intend to recover. used refrigerants. Due to the fact that Freon™ HP products are not azeotropes, it is important that all refrigerant is removed from a system during recovery or recycle. It is always recommended that refrigerant transfers be made liquid phase whenever possible to minimize composition changes in the products. 23 Freon™ Refrigerants For more information on the Freon™ family of refrigerants, or other refrigerant products, visit freon.com or call (800) 235-7882. The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that Chemours believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Because conditions of use are outside our control, Chemours makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and assumes no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe, any patents or patent applications. © 2017 The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Freon™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company. Replaces: H-47122-5 C-11260 (4/17)
Source Exif Data:
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