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MID-IOWA SKYWARN ASSOCIATION

Table of Contents
I. Mission and Organization
II. Observation Guidelines / Safety Precautions / Spotter Training
III. Activation of Skywarn
IV. Linked Repeater Operations Guidelines
V. County Operations Guidelines, HF & APRS
APPENDIX A. Modified Beaufort Scale
APPENDIX B. Hail Size Reporting
APPENDIX C. Memorandum of Understanding between the National
Weather Service and American Radio Relay League
APPENDIX D. Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association Leadership Positions
APPENDIX E. Generic Preamble for a County Skywarn Net

Amateur Radio
Severe Storm Spotting
Operations Manual
February 2018 Revision

APPENDIX F. Acronym Glossary
APPENDIX G. Acknowledgements

I. Introduction and Organization
This manual is designed to be used as a reference to enhance and provide
for efficient Skywarn Amateur Radio operations within the National Weather
Service (NWS) County Warning Area (CWA) served by NWS office at Des
Moines, IA. Since Skywarn Amateur Radio operations are a dynamic
program, this manual will change and grow with the program. This manual
may cover operations that do not affect you directly. Please be aware of
procedures outside of your area so you may assist, if necessary. Each
county should supplement this manual with its own internal policies and
procedures.

Comments/Updates
Informational updates to this manual should be routed through your local
ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) County EC and sent to the
address listed below. We also welcome comments and suggestions from
all spotters.
Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association
c/o National Weather Service
9607 NW Beaver Drive
Johnston, IA 50131
E-Mail: info@midiowaskywarn.org
Web: https://www.midiowaskywarn.org/

Authority
Skywarn is a volunteer program run by the NWS to receive reports of
severe weather from the public for the purpose of advising the public about
impending danger due to severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, floods or other
hazardous weather conditions.
Amateur radio operators participate in Skywarn as trained severe weather
spotters and provide a radio emergency communications network for relay
of severe weather reports to the NWS. Skywarn spotters need not be
ARES members to participate in Skywarn nets but should attend spotter
training every two years. However, ARES is the primary amateur radio

organization with whom the NWS works to establish the Skywarn
communications networks.
Authority to establish and operate Skywarn networks through ARES is
given in the Memorandum of Understanding between NWS and American
Radio Relay League (ARRL), dated January 19, 1988 (Appendix C). This
operations manual is based on the recommendations of the Des Moines
weather service office Skywarn committee, composed of NWS Personnel
and ARRL ARES leaders in the 51-county warning area (CWA) served by
the NWS Des Moines (See Appendix D).

Organization
Amateur Radio Skywarn operations in Central Iowa are organized as
follows:
Skywarn Executive Committee - Responsible for final approval of
Skywarn policies and procedures within the NWS Des Moines area of
responsibility.
Skywarn Advisory Committee - Responsible for developing policies and
procedures of the Skywarn Amateur Radio Net to ensure an efficient
operation in accordance with the goals of ARES and NWS Des Moines.
Skywarn Amateur Radio Coordinator - Organizes and responsible for the
day-to-day operation of the entire Skywarn Amateur Radio Net in
accordance with established policies and procedures. Specific duties
include:
1. Ensure that volunteers are available to serve at NWS Des Moines
station when requested by the NWS.
2. Ensure NWS Des Moines station is properly set up and all operators are
trained.
3. Coordinate Skywarn communications issues and resolve problems with
the impacted counties. Unresolved problems should be referred to the
Executive Committee.

Skywarn Mission

Spotter Safety

The mission of Skywarn is to provide timely and accurate reports of severe
weather to the NWS office in Des Moines through the use of trained
spotters. Spotter networks are made up of a number of groups, including
law enforcement, firefighters, emergency management, media and
volunteers from the general public who have been trained in severe
weather spotting procedures. Another key spotter group is amateur radio
operators, who typically provide reports of severe weather directly to the
NWS office via amateur radio networks.

All stations should follow basic safety rules while engaged in spotting
storms. Heed all warnings issued by the NWS. Des Moines National
Weather Service amateur radio net control station, K0DMX, will attempt to
announce a warning to each county when potentially severe weather is
approaching; however, each spotter is responsible for his or her own
safety. Remember to keep a low profile during lightning events and during
possible tornado events.

The Des Moines office of the National Weather Service is responsible for
forecasts and the issuing of severe weather warnings for the central half of
Iowa, including the counties highlighted in blue below:

Spotters participate in Skywarn activities at their
own risk! Use common sense when driving in
hazardous weather conditions and be aware of
dangers associated with severe weather.
Your safety and the safety of others should be
your first priority.
Please remember these safety tips when spotting:
•
•
•
•
•

The focus of this guide is on the amateur radio Skywarn program at the
National Weather Service in Des Moines.

When mobile, try to spot in pairs so that one person can focus on
driving while the other can observe weather conditions and operate
radio equipment.
When mobile, please check in with net control when you are
spotting, and check out when you leave the net. Also, if you must
leave your vehicle while spotting please try to notify net control.
Always have multiple escape routes available when mobile
spotting.
Beware of lightning while spotting. This not only includes mobile
spotting, but also while spotting from home.
When mobile spotting, obey all traffic laws and avoid distractions
as much as possible. If spotting solo, find a safe place to pull off
the road, observe conditions, and make reports.

II. Observation Guidelines
What Is Reportable
Notice: The threshold for "reportable" weather may be changed by the net
control station to provide more meaningful information to the NWS and
make the reporting system more efficient.
Skywarn spotters are strongly encouraged to take a NWS spotter training
class at least every other year. These courses are offered during the
spring of each year throughout the 51-county warning area. The schedule
for spotter training (usually held mid February through Mid April) is normally
posted on the Des Moines NWS web site starting in January of each year
at http://www.weather.gov/dmx. The schedule is typically updated weekly
throughout the spring. If you don’t see a course scheduled in your area,
contact your county Homeland Security (Emergency Management) director
to see about scheduling a class in your county.

The NWS Des Moines Amateur Radio Station (K0DMX) will advise the net
control stations at the regional level of what type of information is needed.
Regional net control stations and liaison stations should pass this
information on to the county nets as quickly as possible. If the NWS Des
Moines Station is extremely busy in another area, the regional net control
station may request a brief "Do you have any 'SEVERE' reports, over", this
is indicative that there is trouble in another area and they are just checking
with you to make sure that nothing has popped up while they have been on
another frequency. The best answer is "negative, over" when you may be
holding marginal or non-reportable information.

How to Report
Reports should be sent to the county or a link repeater system net control
station as soon as possible. The reports should be sent in the following
format:
Reporting Criteria/Keywords:

The spotter training class covers the subject of what is considered
"Reportable, Significant, or High Priority" weather. A basic definition of
what is considered to be reportable is listed in the next section.

Tornado / Land spout

Reportable Weather

Wall Cloud – Is it rotating or non-rotating? Watch for a minute or two
before reporting.

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Tornado, funnel, wall cloud or land spout
Flash Flooding
Structural damage due to weather conditions
Downed power lines and tree damage (give estimated trunk/limb
size diameter
Hail (report any hail along with size and duration) – see
measurement guidelines in Appendix B)
Winds 30 mph or greater (measured or estimated – see the
Beaufort Scale in Appendix A)
Rain in excess of 1 inch per hour

As stated above this is only a basic definition, and the requests for
information from NWS Des Moines may include requests that would not be
normally be considered "Reportable or Significant".

Funnel Cloud - Be sure of your observations!

Flooding - Blocked or washed out roads, bridges, railroads, water over
banks of rivers, curb, evacuations, etc.
Hail - Use a coin size to report (don’t use “marble sized”). See NWS table
on terms to use for reporting hail size.
High Winds - 30 MPH or greater. Indicate if report is estimated or
measured. See NWS table to help estimate wind speed.
Storm Damage - Large grove of trees downed, power lines, windows
blown out, major roof/building, vehicles blown over, etc.
Visibility - When visibility is less than ½ mile due to rain or blowing dirt.

Rainfall - 1/4 inch in 15 minutes, 1 inch in a short time. Rain gage reports
should include start and end times.

Example of an On Air Exchange:
Reporting Station: “This is WØXYZ….HAIL”

NOTE: The NWS, or Net Control Station (NCS) may limit reports to certain
conditions when a life-threatening event is imminent! Remember—Only
one person can transmit and be heard at one time! If the NCS says you
are a weak station, break your report into small segments to make sure the
NCS is able to copy you!

Net Control Station: “XYZ GO AHEAD”
Reporting Station: “ MEASURED ¾ INCH HAIL, OCCURING NOW AT
4:35 PM, STORY COUNTY, 1MILE NE OF MAXWELL, WØXYZ”.

Event Time: Report the time the event occurred, whether it’s occurring
now or if it occurred several minutes ago.

Net Control Station: “ROGER, XYZ, COPY MEASURED ¾ INCH HAIL,
OCCURING NOW AT 4:35PM, STORY COUNTY, 1 MILE NE OF
MAXWELL,”. (if any other information is needed, NCS will ask the calling
station). This is K0DMX.”

Reporting Procedures:
1. Transmit your CALL SIGN plus one of the KEY WORDS listed above in
the “Criteria” list.
2. The net control station (NCS) will then acknowledge with your CALL
SUFFIX and the words “GO AHEAD”.
3. On your next transmission state the CONDITION, TIME, LOCATION,
and SOURCE (CTLS).
4. After receiving your report the NCS will then acknowledge your last
transmission.
Notes/Definitions:

What NOT to Report
Be very careful when sending in reports! The intention here is not to
discourage reports, but to make sure that the reports that are sent are
useful in nature.
For example, some of the reports that have been received at NWS offices
during severe weather events that have not been useful include:
"Dark clouds," "Heavy Wind," "Lots of Lightning," "Rain" (these aren’t
necessarily considered severe weather)
"Marble or Ball-Size Hail" (Marbles and balls come in many sizes; instead
give actual size or relate to a coin size such as dime, penny, nickel, quarter,
etc.)

TIME should be in standard 12 hour format.
LOCATION should be your county, affected city or town (nearest major
cross streets if possible).
CONDITION: What weather event from your “KEYWORD” is happening.
SOURCE: Your call sign. If you are reporting a weather event from another
source, please name that source.

Use common sense when giving reports! Think of how the person
receiving these reports will interpret them, and how useful they will be in
determining the severity of the weather.
During severe weather events, the National Weather Service office can get
very busy with multiple meteorologists operating radar consoles, consulting
with peers and issuing warnings; heavy radio traffic from various agencies
on public safety frequencies, multiple telephone calls and other activity.
Therefore, net control operators at the amateur radio console may not
always immediately respond to calls.

During such events, it’s important to listen first before contacting net
control and only provide relevant reports. Reports of imminent severe
weather (i.e. tornado) will be given priority by net control.
Spotters in areas not imminently threatened by severe weather should
minimize radio traffic to ensure vital information can be relayed during such
events.

Reporting Without Use of Amateur Radio
If amateur radio communications to the NWS are not available or a
repeater is not in service, here are some alternate methods of reaching the
Des Moines NWS office during severe weather:
•
•

Call via telephone on the 1-800-SKYWARN line (1-800-759-9276).
Report severe weather in the same manner as used on the
Skywarn amateur radio net.
Text or e-mail, including pictures and video, to
dmx.spotterreport@noaa.gov or (515) 240-5515

Storm Spotter Training
Skywarn spotters are strongly encouraged to take a NWS spotter training
class at least every other year. These courses are offered during the
spring of each year throughout the 51-county warning area. The schedule
for spotter training (usually held mid February through Mid April) is normally
posted on the Des Moines NWS web site starting in January of each year
at http://www.weather.gov/dmx. The schedule is typically updated weekly
throughout the spring. If you don’t see a course scheduled in your area,
contact your county Homeland Security (Emergency Management) director
to see about scheduling a class in your county.
There are many internet sites with storm spotting training information. At
the MISA web site (https://www.midiowaskywarn.org/) click on the
“resources” menu item to find resources to examine or to review
information to use in recognizing severe storm features to improve the
information you relay to the National Weather Service.

III. Activation of Skywarn
Spotters are generally activated at the request of local officials in
coordination with the National Weather Service.

Preparing for Severe Weather
Spotters are encouraged to stay abreast of weather forecasts throughout
the year to be prepared for the possible activation of Skywarn on any given
day. In today’s technologically driven society, weather information is
available through a wide source of media and internet sources.
A good source of current and forecast weather information is your local
NOAA Weather Radio Station. Most of Iowa is now covered by at least one
NOAA Weather Radio Station. Frequencies for NOAA Weather Radio
stations in Iowa can be found on the NWS web site.
The National Weather Service web site is another excellent source of
forecasts, severe weather outlooks and other information. The Des Moines
NWS web site is located at http://www.weather.gov/dmx.
Each day, the NWS issues a “Hazardous Weather Outlook”
highlighting the potential for severe weather within the 51-county
warning area during the next 24 hours, plus the potential for severe
weather later in the forecast period. In addition, a “Spotter
Information Statement” is often included addressing the possibility of
spotter activation during the period. The Hazardous Weather Outlook
can be found on the NWS web page, and is often broadcast on NOAA
Weather Radio as well.
Spotters are strongly encouraged to monitor NOAA Weather Radio,
internet, media and other sources when there is a threat of severe weather
on a given day. Furthermore, spotters are encouraged to monitor local
amateur radio net frequencies and be prepared for possible net activation
when there is a high potential for severe weather.

Procedure for Activation by NWS Des Moines
The National Weather Service will contact the Skywarn Amateur Radio
Coordinator to activate the amateur radio Skywarn net. The Amateur Radio
Coordinator will implement the Skywarn call chain to ensure that an
operator reports to the NWS office.

IV. Regional Hub Operational Guidelines
Net Operational Modes
During activation of Skywarn, the net may operate in one of the following
modes:
Skywarn Standby Alert
Severe weather is possible within 30 minutes to 2 hours, but is not
imminent. Amateur radio operators may feel free to use the repeater for
normal activities, but please try to break up transmissions so that the net
control station can break in to provide briefings or activate the net.
Skywarn Activation
Severe weather is imminent or possible within the next 30 minutes. All
radio traffic should be directed through net control, and radio traffic should
be limited to providing severe weather reports if at all possible.
Skywarn De-activation
The severe weather event has passed or no severe weather is expected
within the next 2 hours. Normal amateur radio activity may resume on the
repeater.

The amateur radio console at the NWS office in Des Moines.
The amateur radio station at the Des Moines NWS office consists of the
following equipment:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Motorola XPR5550 UHF MOTOTRBO Transceiver
Icom IC-2720 VHF/UHF Transceiver
Icom IC-2820 VHF/UHF D-STAR Transceiver (2)
Icom IC-746 PRO HF Transceiver
Yaesu Rotor Control
Computer with access to radar and APRS

V. Local Area Skywarn Net Operations
Guidelines; HF and APRS

Appendix A
Modified Beaufort Scale for Estimating Wind Speed

Local County/Area (VHF/UHF) Nets
Nets may be established on local repeaters that are not linked into one of
the hub systems listed above. If possible, a liaison station should be
established to collect and pass along reports back to K0DMX on one of the
hub networks. The liaison station should check in with K0DMX net control
to inform the operator at the NWS that they are serving in that capacity.
If radio contact cannot be made by the liaison station with K0DMX, reports
of severe weather should be passed along to the National Weather Service
via telephone at 1-800-SKYWARN (1-800-759-9276) by the local net
control station or liaison.
A current list of local repeaters can be found at the Iowa Repeater Council
web page, which is located at www.iowarepater.org.

Skywarn HF Net
The National Weather Service office maintains a HF (high frequency)
transceiver at the amateur radio console that is able to communicate on
most amateur radio HF bands. HF frequencies are not typically utilized for
severe weather spotting activities; however HF bands may be used in the
event of a disaster or to relay communications to/from other National
Weather Service offices.

Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
The National Weather Service K0DMX net control station has access to
APRS technology during active Skywarn nets. If you are mobile spotting
and have APRS equipment, please notify net control. For more information
on APRS, visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System.

30-40 mph - Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt when walking
against.
40-50 mph - Breaks twigs off trees; general impedes progress when
walking against.
51-58 mph - Slight structural damage occurs to buildings. Smaller tree limb
damage.
58-72 mph - Shingles torn off or minor structural damage; breaks off large
limbs; pushes over shallow rooted trees.
73-112 mph - Substantial roof and structural damage; windows broken;
trailer houses overturned; large trees uprooted.
113+ mph - Roofs torn off houses; weak buildings and trailer houses
destroyed; large trees uprooted.

Appendix B

Appendix C

Hail Reporting Guidelines

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

Measurement
1/4"
1/2"
3/4"
7/8"
1"
1 1/4"
1 1/2"
1 3/4"
2"
2 1/2"
2 3/4"
3"
4"
4 1/2"

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

Reference

AND

Pea Size
Penny Size
Nickel Size
Quarter Size
Half Dollar Size
Walnut or Ping Pong Ball Size
Golf Ball Size
Hen Egg Size
Tennis Ball Size
Baseball or Orange Size
Teacup Size
Grapefruit Size
Softball Size

THE AMERCAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, INC.
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement
(Memorandum of Understanding) between the National Weather Service
(NWS) and the American Radio Relay League, Inc. (ARRL) that will serve
as a framework within which volunteers of the ARRL may coordinate their
services, facilities and equipment with NWS in support of nationwide, state
and local early weather warning and emergency communications functions.
It is intended, through joint coordination and exercise of the resources of
ARRL, MNS and Federal, State and local governments, to enhance the
nationwide posture of early weather warning and readiness for any
conceivable weather emergency.
II. RECOGNITION
The National Weather Services recognizes that the ARRL is the principal
organization representing the interests of more than 400,000 U.S. radio
amateurs and because of its Field Organization of trained and experienced
communication experts, can be of valuable assistance in early severe
weather warning and tornado spotting.
The American Radio Relay League recognizes the National Weather
Service with Restatutory responsibility for providing civil meteorological
services for the people of the United State. These services consist of:
1. Issuing warnings and forecasts of weather and flood conditions affecting
the nation's safety, welfare and economy; and,

2. Observing and reporting the weather of the U. S. and its possessions.
To perform these functions and many related, specialized weather services,
NWS operates a vast network of stations of marry types within the U.S.; it
cooperates in the exchange of data In real time with other nations,
Including obtaining of weather reports from ships at sea.
III. ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE
The American Radio Relay League Is a noncommercial membership
organization of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest In
Amateur Radio communication and experimentation, for the establishment
of networks to provide communications in the event of disasters or other
emergencies, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public
welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur In Legislative matters,
and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. A
primary responsibility of the Amateur Radio Service, as established by the
Federal Communications Commission, is the rendering of public service
communications for the general public, particularly in times of emergency.
Using Amateur Radio operators in the amateur frequency bands, the ARRL
has been serving the public, both directly and through government and
relief agencies, for more than fifty years. To that end, the League created
the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) and the National Traffic
System (NTS). The League's Field Organization consists of sixty-seven
administrative sections managed by elected Section Managers. A Section
is a League-created political boundary roughly equivalent to states (or
portions thereof). The Section Manager appoints expert assistants to
administer the various emergency communications and public service
programs in the section. Each section has a vast cadre of volunteer
appointees to perform the work of Amateur Radio at the local level, under
the supervision of the Section Manager and his/her assistants.
IV. ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
The National Weather Service consists of a National Headquarters in
Washington, D.C., and six regional offices In the United States: Eastern,
Southern, Central, Western, Alaska end Pacific. An NWS Public
Information Office Is located at Weather Service Headquarters. Fifty-two
Weather Service Forecast Offices and 209 Weather Service Offices provide
warnings and forecasts to the Nation.

SKYWARN is the spotter program sponsored by the NWS. Radio amateurs
have assisted as communicators and spotters since its inception. In areas
where tornadoes and other severe weather have been known to threaten,
NWS recruits volunteers, trains them in proper weather spotting procedures
and accepts the volunteers' reports during watches and episodes of severe
weather. By utilizing the SKYWARN volunteers, the NWS has 'eyes and
ears" throughout the affected area in conjunction with NWS sophisticated
weather monitoring equipment.
V. PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION
A. The American Radio Relay League agree: to encourage its volunteer
Field Organization appointees, especially the Amateur Radio Emergency
Service, to contact and cooperate with Regional Weather Service
Headquarters for the purpose of establishing organized SKYWARN
networks with radio amateurs serving as communicators and spotters.
B. ARRL further agrees to encourage its Section management teams to
provide specialized communications and observation support on an asneeded basis for NWS offices in other weather emergencies such as
hurricanes, snow and heavy rainstorms, and other severe weather
situations.
C. The National Weather Service agrees to work with ARRL Section
Amateur Radio Emergency Service volunteers to establish SKYWARN
networks, and or other specialized weather emergency alert and relief. The
principle point of contact between the ARRL Section and local NWSS
offices is the Meteorological Services Division of the appropriate NWS
Regional Office. The addresses of the Regional offices are listed below.
The national contact for ARRL is the Public Service Branch, ARRL
Headquarters, Newington, CT 08111.
National Weather Service Eastern Region
NOAA
585 Stewart Avenue
Garden City, NY 11530
Telephone: 516-228-5400

National Weather Service Southern Region
NOAA
819 Taylor St Rm 10A26
Fort Worth, TX 76102
Tel: 817-334-2688
National Weather Service Central Region
NOAA
th
601 E. 12 St Room 1836
Kansas City, MO 64106
Tel: 816-374-5463
National Weather Service Western Region
NOAA
Box 1118B, Federal Building
125 S. State Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84147
Tel: 801-524-5122
National Weather Service Alaska Region
NOAA
Box 23, 701 C. Street
Anchorage, AK 99513
Tel: 907-271-5136
National Weather Service Pacific Region
NOAA
PO Box 50027
Honolulu, HI 96850
Tel: 808-546-5680

Appendix D
Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association Amateur Radio Leadership
Positions
SKYWARN Executive Committee
Brenda Brock, KC0NEX, Meteorologist in Charge, NWS Des Moines
Jeff Johnson, KC0OGL, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, NWS
Moines

Des

Shane Searcy, N0ZXJ, Information Technology Officer, NWS Des Moines
Brad Small, KC0OGK, Senior Meteorologist, NWS Des Moines
Skywarn Advisory Committee
Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association President, Tom Reis N0VPR
Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association Vice President, Jeff Johnson KC0OGL
Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association Secretary & Treasurer, Kevin Sanders
K0KDS
County and District EC for each of the 51 counties served by NWS Des
Moines
Iowa Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) Leadership:

Silver Spring, MD
January 19, 1988

Tom Brehmer, N0LOH, ARRL Section Manager (SM) Iowa
n0loh@arrl.org

For the American Radio Relay League,
ARRL Secretary Perry F Williams, W1UED

Dan Miller AC0OF, Section Emergency Coordinator (SEC), Iowa
danielmiller347@gmail.com

For the National Weather Service,
Assistant Administrator for Weather Services, Dr. Richard E. Hallgren.

Iowa Amateur Radio Emergency Service County EC and District EC
Contacts: Available on the web at: http://www.ares.rf.org/index.html

Appendix E

“This is __________ (insert call sign) for ________ (insert county)
Skywarn.

Generic Preamble for a County/Local Skywarn Net

Are there any reports of SEVERE WEATHER at this time?

Each county should have several NCS operators available but there are
circumstances when none is available. Should any spotters find themselves
in a situation where they are the only station capable of assuming net
control then they should take it. The following preamble is provided for
these type situations. In a case such as this, attempt to contact the county
EC or any of his assistants for instructions and help. This preamble is not
intended to replace any existing preamble in use by any county. The EC of
any county has the formal authority on any ARES nets.

Any stations wishing to check in, give your call sign and location.”

Identify First:
“This is __________” (insert call sign here).
State the situation and response:
“The National Weather Service in Des Moines has requested
activation of a Skywarn net. There is a (insert Severe
Thunderstorm/Tornado Watch/Warning, if unknown –threat of severe
weather) for (Name of county).
This is a directed net, and this station shall serve as net control.
Are there any stations experiencing SEVERE WEATHER at this time?
Is there a station that can contact a linked repeater system and act as
liaison?
Station’s wishing to join the net, give your call sign and location.”
Maintain a minimum of a liaison station and try to have someone monitor
the NWS broadcast on 162.xxx and keep a log of all contacts and report to
the EC of your county as soon as possible. Maintain net operation by
announcement every ten minutes:

The NCS of the link repeater system will advise you as to what reports they
are looking for, any special instructions or when you can deactivate the net.
When closing the net it is considered proper to thank all stations
participating and the repeater owner/operators/trustees for its use.

Appendix F

Appendix G

Acronym Glossary

Acknowledgements

ARES: Amateur Radio Emergency Service

Special thanks to the following organizations and people for use of
materials, information and assistance with preparing this guide:

ARRL: American Radio Relay League

NCS: Net Control Station

National Weather Service, Des Moines
Milwaukee, WI Skywarn Association
Birmingham, NY Skywarn
NWS Meteorologists, Des Moines, Iowa Office
Jim Snapp, NA0R
Kevin Sanders, K0KDS
Tom Reis, N0VPR
Jeff Johnson, KC0OGL
Dan Case, KB0JUL
American Radio Relay League

NWS: National Weather Service

Version: 20180201

WFO: Weather Forecast Office

This new version replaces all former versions of the MISA Operations
Manual. Please destroy previous versions of this manual.

CWA: County Warning Area
DEC: District Emergency Coordinator (ARES)
EC: Emergency Coordinator (ARES)
MISA: Mid-Iowa Skywarn Association



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