Python Tutorials Ation Manual
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python-tutorials Documentation
Release 1.0.2
Jose A. Lerma III
Nov 21, 2018
GETTING STARTED
1 Introduction
1.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2 Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3 Building Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.4 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 Windows Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 Plugins/Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 PyCharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1 Linux Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.2 Python Binaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.3 Windows Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.1 AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython Corrections
1.6 CrackingCodesWithPython . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.1 CrackingCodesWithPython Corrections . . . . .
1.7 wikibook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 Udacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8.1 CS101: Intro to Computer Science . . . . . . . .
1.9 CrackingCodesWithPython . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9.1 CrackingCodesWithPython package . . . . . . .
1.10 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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i
ii
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
Persistent Python practice produces prodigious productivity.
GETTING STARTED
1
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
2
GETTING STARTED
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Python is a great language for getting things done quickly; however, a good deal of resources (mainly RAM
(Random Access Memory)) are recommended. There are ways to incorporate C/C++ from within Python,
but some may find it easier to port it over.
For more thorough intros, get lost in Python’s Beginner’s Guide or Wikipedia’s Python page for a day or so
and come back.
Looks up, then puts down Steam Controller
You’re back? Alright, let’s continue.
1.1 Installation
There are many ways to install and use Python depending on platform and IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) (if any). These docs cover the methods I frequently use.
1.1.1 Windows
For Windows, I use but one editor: Atom; however, I give PyCharm an honorable mention. The Atom setup
is lightweight and portable while the Pycharm setup is extensible and full-featured.
I have Pycharm on a Windows 10 Technical Preview VM (Virtual Machine), and it works well, but is quite
bloated for a Windows VM running in Windows (Windows-ception?).
1.1.2 Linux
For Linux, I have two main IDEs: Vim and PyCharm. The Vim setup is lightweight and available without
too much effort while the PyCharm setup is extensible and full-featured.
While I have a couple of Linux boxes (at the moment), I am very security minded when it comes to my
Linux machines, so I prefer to run a Development VM of Linux on Windows. Excessive, yes, but taking
snapshots, cloning, and reinstalling on VMs is easier than on physical machines.
I’ve read that some python bots can be run on a Raspberry Pi. I would like to tinker with this concept a
bit, but I am concerned that Raspberry Pis do not have enough RAM, so I will be sticking with VMs until
I can get more tests done.
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
1.1.3 Building Documentation
Note: Building the documentation is not needed or recommended unless contributing to the documentation. The latest version of the documentation is available at josealermaiii@github.io/python-tutorials
or as a PDF in the source code. You have been warned.
Building the docs requires a few more pip packages:
• sphinx
• sphinxcontrib-napoleon
• sphinx-rtd-theme
Now, we can build the docs in HTML format:
cd absolute_path_here/python-tutorials/docs
make html
This will save the docs website in ../../python-tutorials-docs/.
Building the PDF is even more involved. First, LaTeX must be installed on the OS. For example, in Ubuntu
18.04:
sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-extra texlive-fonts,→recommended texlive-xetex
Installing these dependencies is not recommended, if not needed, because they require > 330 MB of disk
space.
We also install XeLaTeX, texlive-xetex, because some of the book corrections contain code snippets with
unicode characters that are not supported by the default LaTeX engine.
Now, we can build the docs in PDF format:
cd absolute_path_here/python-tutorials/docs
make latexpdf
This will save the doc’s PDF in ../manual.pdf.
1.1.4 Disclaimer
Though covered by the MIT License, I reiterate: executable programs written from code on the Internet can
end up doing bad things.
Read and understand all code you copy and paste before running it.
1.2 Atom
From the Atom.io page:
Atom is a text editor that’s modern, approachable, yet hackable to the core—a tool you can
customize to do anything but also use productively without ever touching a config file.
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
Personally, I have had to edit a config file to setup a proxy, so YMMV (Your Mileage May Vary).
Atom is also surprisingly full-featured (e.g. plugins, themes, file system browsing) given that it can be
installed in a portable configuration and is multi-platform.
1.2.1 Windows Setup
While Atom is multi-platform, I only use it on Windows.
As aforementioned, I tend to use the zipped Atom files along with the PortableApps.com Platform to create
a portable base environment. Next, I extract the zipped Atom files into X:\PortableApps\Atom\, as an
example.
Then, you’ll need to get the atom-runner package so that you can run the Python programs with an ALT
+ R key combo. However, atom-runner will not work if you have to input data from terminal, so you will
need either the built-in Command Prompt or a PA.com portable enhancement like Console Portable. When
you first open Atom, an .atom folder will be created in %USERPROFILE%, this folder will need to be moved
into X:\PortableApps\ to keep your settings.
As
for
Python,
I
get
the
embeddable
zip
files
and
extract
them
into
X:\PortableApps\CommonFiles\python3\ to continue with the portable theme. If you want different versions of Python, you can make different folders e.g. python2.7, python3.6, python3.5
Finally, the easiest way to get Atom to find your portable Python installation is to use a shebang on the
first line of code #! X:\PortableApps\CommonFiles\python3\python.exe
1.3 Vim
Vim is a configurable, open source, and cross platform text editor that is an improvement of the vi editor in
most Linux distros.
It has nifty things like syntax highlighting, colorization, and a scripting language to make your own plugins,
etc.
1.3.1 Setup
As aforementioned, it is cross platform (and open source), so it can run on anything (even Potato). Personally,
I prefer to use it on Linux only because it is usually in the default repository and has both syntax highlighting
and colorization, which are a great improvement upon vi in CLI.
Linux
If your distro does not have vim in its default repo, then I fear you will have to compile from source code.
Windows
If you should want to use Vim on Windows, and not use gVim at PA.com, then both binaries and executables
are available for you.
1.3. Vim
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
Other
Believe it or not, Vim is available on even more architectures: Amiga, OS2, Macintosh, Android, iOS,
WindowsCE, Cygwin, and others.
1.3.2 Plugins/Scripts
Vim has a library of thousands of powerful scripts that are easy to make if it is missing something you want.
Personally, I do not use any since I mainly use Vim as a quick, light editor.
1.4 PyCharm
PyCharm is very much like Python itself: quick to develop on, full-featured, and resource heavy. PyCharm
is a true IDE: a console and debugger are all built-in. I especially like the PEP8 checks.
1.4.1 Linux Setup
Though Pycharm is multi-platform, I mainly use it on Linux.
Unless you are willing to pay for a license, you are probably going to want the free community edition.
Download the tar.gz file wherever you like, then extract the pycharm-community-20xx.x.x folder. Therein,
run the pycharm-community-20xx.x.x/bin/pycharm.sh file from within terminal.
Once setup is complete, on the menu bar, go to “Tools>Create Desktop Entry…” to make it easier to open
later. Do not delete the pycharm-community-20xx.x.x folder because that is where it is running from.
Upgrades follow the same procedure, except that you can delete the previous pycharm-community-20xx.x.x
version folder.
1.4.2 Python Binaries
Installing Python will depend on your Linux distro. Most will have some version of Python either built-in
or available from the package manager. PyCharm can auto-detect and use these installed versions. The
Ubuntu Setup of my ClashCallerBot is an example of how easy setting up Python can be.
However, if you are unlucky, you will have to download the source and compile it yourself.
1.4.3 Windows Setup
Windows installation is very straightforward:
• Install Python with the Python executable installer.
• Install PyCharm using the Community Edition executable installer.
Any extra packages or modules would have to be added, but most programs can be run with the base
installations.
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
1.5 AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython
You’ll be seeing a lot of Al Sweigart’s books because he provides them for free online at his website. Please
consider donating to show your support.
Automate the Boring Stuff with Python is his iconic book for beginners and largely covers automating
common computer tasks.
From file manipulation, spreadsheets, and PDFs to web scraping, e-mails, and texts - a little of everything
is covered.
I use the .epub format of the book, so rather than pages, I provide locations.
1.5.1 AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython Corrections
I don’t expect to find many more, but I’ll update this post if I do.
Note: It’s an EPUB copy, published: 2016-01-14T10:12:21-08:00 Also, no page numbers, just reference
numbers (refNum/949).
In Chapter 10, on reference number 368.7, paragraph 19.30, the code block:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
podBayDoorStatus = 'open'
assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
podBayDoorStatus = 'I\'m sorry, Dave. I\'m afraid I can't do that.''
assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
should be:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
podBayDoorStatus = 'open'
assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
podBayDoorStatus = 'I\'m sorry, Dave. I\'m afraid I can\'t do that.' # Changed
assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
July 23, 2018 Update
In Chapter 11, on reference number 447.4, paragraph 20.247, the code block:
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
try:
elem = browser.find_element_by_class_name('bookcover')
print('Found <%s> element with that class name!' % (elem.tag_name))
except:
print('Was not able to find an element with that name.')
outputs Was not able to find an element with that name.
The following does give the intended output:
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
(continues on next page)
1.5. AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
(continued from previous page)
try:
elem = browser.find_element_by_class_name('card-img-top') # changed
print('Found <%s> element with that class name!' % (elem.tag_name))
except:
print('Was not able to find an element with that name.')
On reference number 448.7, paragraph 20.249, the code block:
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> browser = webdriver.Firefox()
>>> browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
>>> linkElem = browser.find_element_by_link_text('Read It Online')
>>> type(linkElem)
>>> linkElem.click() # follows the "Read It Online" link
should be:
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> browser = webdriver.Firefox()
>>> browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
>>> linkElem = browser.find_element_by_link_text('Read Online for Free') # changed
>>> type(linkElem)
>>> linkElem.click() # follows the "Read Online for Free" link # changed
On reference number 449.3, paragraph 20.252, the line:
As long as Gmail hasn’t changed the id of the Username and Password text fields since this book
was published…
“Gmail” should be “Yahoo Mail” because of line >>> browser.get('https://mail.yahoo.com') in the
code block
Aug. 5, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, on reference number 459.8, paragraph 21.47, the codeblock:
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet1', 'Sheet2', 'Sheet3']
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet3')
>>> sheet
>>> type(sheet)
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet3'
>>> anotherSheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
should be:
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['Sheet1', 'Sheet2', 'Sheet3']
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet3'] # changed
(continues on next page)
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Chapter 1. Introduction
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
(continued from previous page)
>>> sheet
>>> type(sheet)
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet3'
>>> anotherSheet = wb.active # changed
because those methods are now depreciated (using OpenPyXL 2.5.5).
Aug. 6, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, on reference number 463.0, paragraph 21.56, the codeblock:
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
>>> sheet.get_highest_row()
7
>>> sheet.get_highest_column()
3
should be:
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet1'] # changed
>>> sheet.max_row # changed
7
>>> sheet.max_column # changed
3
because those methods are also depreciated.
On reference number 463.6, paragraph 21.58, the codeblock:
>>> from openpyxl.cell import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
>>> get_column_letter(sheet.get_highest_column())
'C'
should be:
>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet1'] # changed
>>> get_column_letter(sheet.max_column) # changed
'C'
# changed
because the functions were relocated and methods depreciated. The lines with openpyxl.cell in
the paragraphs above and below should also be changed. In paragraph 21.59, the line “method like
get_highest_column() to get an integer” should be changed to “property like max_column to get an integer.”
Aug. 7, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, on reference number 465.0, paragraph 21.60 is another
get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1') that ought to be >>> sheet = wb['Sheet1'].
1.5. AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython
>>> sheet = wb.
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
On reference number 466.8, paragraph 21.64, the codeblock:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
>>> sheet.columns[1]
(, , , ,
, , )
>>> for cellObj in sheet.columns[1]:
print(cellObj.value)
outputs TypeError: 'generator' object is not subscriptable
The best way to fix it is debatable, but the easiest was to use the list function:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.active # changed
>>> list(sheet.columns)[1] # changed
(, , , ,
, , )
>>> for cellObj in list(sheet.columns)[1]: # changed
print(cellObj.value)
On reference number 468.0, paragraph 21.67 the list item 4. Call the get_active_sheet() or
get_sheet_by_name() workbook method. ought to be something like 4. Use the .active property or
the ["UseThisSheet"] workbook key.
On reference number 470.6, paragraph 21.90 the codeblock:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
� sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Population by Census Tract')
countyData = {}
# TODO: Fill in countyData with each county's population and tracts.
print('Reading rows...')
� for row in range(2, sheet.get_highest_row() + 1):
--snip-- # omitted to save space
ought to be:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
� sheet = wb['Population by Census Tract']
countyData = {}
# changed
# TODO: Fill in countyData with each county's population and tracts.
print('Reading rows...')
� for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1): # changed
because of depreciated methods. The codeblock on paragraph 21.96 ought to be updated as well.
Aug. 8, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, on reference number 477.4, paragraph 21.111, the codeblock:
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Chapter 1. Introduction
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet']
>>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet'
>>> sheet.title = 'Spam Bacon Eggs Sheet'
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
ought to be:
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['Sheet']
>>> sheet = wb.active # changed
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet'
>>> sheet.title = 'Spam Bacon Eggs Sheet'
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
In paragraph 21.113 (codeblock directly below) another >>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet() ought to be
>>> sheet = wb.active.
On reference number 478.6, paragraph 21.116, the codeblock:
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet']
>>> wb.create_sheet()
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=0, title='First Sheet')
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=2, title='Middle Sheet')
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']
ought to be:
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['Sheet']
>>> wb.create_sheet()
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=0, title='First Sheet')
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=2, title='Middle Sheet')
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
In paragraph 21.118 (codeblock directly below):
1.5. AutomateTheBoringStuffWithPython
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.remove_sheet(wb.get_sheet_by_name('Middle Sheet'))
>>> wb.remove_sheet(wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1'))
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
ought to be
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.remove(wb['Middle Sheet']) # changed
>>> wb.remove(wb['Sheet1']) # changed
>>> wb.sheetnames # changed
Aug. 11, 2018 Update
In paragraph 21.121 (codeblock directly below), and on reference number 483.6, paragraph 21.144 (updateProduce.py) are more >>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet') that should be >>> sheet =
wb['Sheet'].
On reference number 484.8, paragraph 21.146 (updateProduce.py), the line � for rowNum in range(2,
sheet.get_highest_row()): # skip the first row ought to be � for rowNum in range(2, sheet.
max_row): # skip the first row.
On reference number 486.5, paragraph 21.158, the line:
To customize font styles in cells, important, import the Font() and Style() functions from the
openpyxl.styles module.
Unless, of course, that’s an intended pun.
On reference number 486.8, paragraph 21.158, the codeblock:
>>> import openpyxl
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Style
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet')
� >>> italic24Font = Font(size=24, italic=True)
� >>> styleObj = Style(font=italic24Font)
� >>> sheet['A1'].style = styleObj
>>> sheet['A1'] = 'Hello world!'
>>> wb.save('styled.xlsx')
should be:
>>> import openpyxl
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, NamedStyle # changed
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet'] # changed
� >>> italic24Font = NamedStyle(name="italic24Font") # changed
� >>> italic24Font.font = Font(size=24, italic=True) # changed
� >>> sheet['A1'].style = italic24Font # changed
>>> sheet['A1'] = 'Hello world!'
>>> wb.save('styled.xlsx')
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because the Style class is now depreciated.
Aug. 12, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, on reference number 488.9, paragraph 21.178, the codeblock:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Style
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet')
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
fontObj1 = Font(name='Times New Roman', bold=True)
styleObj1 = Style(font=fontObj1)
sheet['A1'].style/styleObj
sheet['A1'] = 'Bold Times New Roman'
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
fontObj2 = Font(size=24, italic=True)
styleObj2 = Style(font=fontObj2)
sheet['B3'].style/styleObj
sheet['B3'] = '24 pt Italic'
>>> wb.save('styles.xlsx')
should be:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Font, NamedStyle
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb['Sheet'] # changed
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
fontObj1 = Font(name='Times New Roman', bold=True)
styleObj1 = NamedStyle(name="styleObj1") # changed
styleObj1.font = fontObj1 # added
sheet['A1'].style = styleObj1 # changed
sheet['A1'] = 'Bold Times New Roman'
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
fontObj2 = Font(size=24, italic=True)
styleObj2 = NamedStyle(name="StyleObj2")
styleObj2.font = fontObj2 # added
sheet['B3'].style = styleObj2 # changed
sheet['B3'] = '24 pt Italic'
# changed
# changed
>>> wb.save('styles.xlsx')
Aug. 13, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, reference number 491.5, paragraphs 21.185 and 21.187 are more >>> sheet = wb.
get_active_sheet() that should be >>> sheet = wb.active. However, the formula evaluation doesn’t
work for me:
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>>> import openpyxl
>>> wbFormulas = openpyxl.load_workbook('writeFormula.xlsx')
>>> sheet = wbFormulas.active # changed
>>> sheet['A3'].value
'=SUM(A1:A2)'
>>> wbDataOnly = openpyxl.load_workbook('writeFormula.xlsx', data_only=True)
>>> sheet = wbDataOnly.active # changed
>>> sheet['A3'].value # not working with LibreOffice 6.0.3.2
500
From what I’ve researched on openpyxl.load_workbook(),
data_only controls whether cells with formulae have either the formula (default) or the value
stored the last time Excel read the sheet.
TODO: can someone else confirm with another LibreOffice version?
Reference numbers 493.3, 495.0, 496.2, and 497.6 have more >>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet() that
should be >>> sheet = wb.active.
Aug. 17, 2018 Update
In Chapter 12, reference number 500.4, paragraph 21.234, the codeblock:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
for i in range(1, 11):
sheet['A' + str(i)] = i
# create some data in column A
>>> refObj = openpyxl.charts.Reference(sheet, (1, 1), (10, 1))
>>> seriesObj = openpyxl.charts.Series(refObj, title='First series')
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
chartObj = openpyxl.charts.BarChart()
chartObj.append(seriesObj)
chartObj.drawing.top = 50
# set the position
chartObj.drawing.left = 100
chartObj.drawing.width = 300
# set the size
chartObj.drawing.height = 200
>>> sheet.add_chart(chartObj)
>>> wb.save('sampleChart.xlsx')
works slightly better as:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
14
import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.active # changed
for i in range(1, 11):
sheet['A' + str(i)] = i
# create some data in column A
Chapter 1. Introduction
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
>>> refObj = openpyxl.chart.Reference(sheet, min_row=1, min_col=1, max_row=10, max_
,→col=1)
# changed
>>> seriesObj = openpyxl.chart.Series(refObj, title='First series')
,→Chart layout is wrong (LibreOffice 6.0.3.2)
# changed FIXME:␣
>>> chartObj = openpyxl.chart.BarChart() # changed
>>> chartObj.append(seriesObj)
>>> chartObj.anchor = "B3" # set the position; changed
>>> chartObj.width = 7.94 # set the size (in centimeters, where 1 cm = 37.8 pixels);␣
,→changed
>>> chartObj.height = 5.29 # changed
>>> sheet.add_chart(chartObj)
>>> wb.save('sampleChart.xlsx')
but the layout of the chart is all wrong. TODO: can someone else confirm it works in Excel?
Aug. 19, 2018 Update
In Chapter 13 (I made it! Woot!), reference number 511.7, paragraph 22.13, the line:
PyPDF2 uses a zero-based index for getting pages: The first page is page 0, the second is
Introduction, and so on.
“Introduction” links to the introduction of the book. Maybe “page 1” was auto-referenced?
On reference number 513.2, paragraph 22.15, the codeblock:
� >>> pdfReader.decrypt('rosebud')
1
>>> pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)
gave me an IndexError, but the following works:
>>> pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(open("encrypted.pdf", "rb"))
� >>> pdfReader.decrypt('rosebud')
1
>>> pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)
# added
Aug. 21, 2018 Update
In Chapter 13, reference number 524.8, paragraph 22.60, the codeblock:
#! python3
# combinePdfs.py - Combines all the PDFs in the current working directory into
# into a single PDF
import PyPDF2, os
# Get all the PDF filenames.
pdfFiles = []
(continues on next page)
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(continued from previous page)
for filename in os.listdir('.'):
if filename.endswith('.pdf'):
�
pdfFiles.append(filename)
� pdfFiles.sort(key = str.lower)
should be:
#! python3
# combinePdfs.py - Combines all the PDFs in the current working directory into
# a single PDF # changed
import PyPDF2, os
# Get all the PDF filenames.
pdfFiles = []
for filename in os.listdir('.'):
if filename.endswith('.pdf'):
�
pdfFiles.append(filename)
� pdfFiles.sort(key=str.lower) # changed
Aug. 22, 2018 Update
In Chapter 13, reference number 531.0, paragraph 22.79, the codeblock:
� >>> len(doc.paragraphs[1].runs)
4
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].text
'A plain paragraph with some '
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].text
'bold'
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[2].text
' and some '
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].text
'italic'
outputs the following in LibreOffice 6.0.3.2 with Python-Docx 0.8.7:
� >>> len(doc.paragraphs[1].runs)
5
# changed
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].text
'A plain paragraph with'
# changed
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].text
' some ' # changed
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[2].text
'bold'
# changed
� >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].text
' and some '
# changed
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[4].text
# added
'italic'
TODO: can someone confirm in Word on Windows?
On reference number 540.1, paragraph 22.163, the codeblock:
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--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].style = 'QuoteChar'
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].underline = True
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].underline = True
>>> doc.save('restyled.docx')
gives a UserWarning: style lookup by style_id is deprecated. Use style name as key instead.
return self._get_style_id_from_style(self[style_name], style_type) but the following fixes it:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].style = 'Quote Char'
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].underline = True
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].underline = True
>>> doc.save('restyled.docx')
# changed for python-docx 0.8.7
Aug. 23, 2018 Update
In Chapter 13, reference number 540.1, paragraph 22.164, the line:
We can see that it’s simple to divide a paragraph into runs and access each run individiaully.
On reference number 546.9, paragraph 22.183, the codeblock:
� >>> doc.paragraphs[0].runs[0].add_break(docx.text.WD_BREAK.PAGE)
>>> doc.add_paragraph('This is on the second page!')
>>> doc.save('twoPage.docx')
ought to be:
� >>> doc.paragraphs[0].runs[0].add_break(docx.enum.text.WD_BREAK.PAGE)
>>> doc.add_paragraph('This is on the second page!')
>>> doc.save('twoPage.docx')
# changed
Aug. 31, 2018 Update
In Chapter 13, reference number 552.0, paragraph 22.228, the line:
You should try both the uppercase and lower-case form of each word.
In Chapter 14, reference number 561.2, paragraph 23.33, the codeblock:
>>> import csv
>>> csvFile = open('example.tsv', 'w', newline='')
� >>> csvWriter = csv.writer(csvFile, delimiter='\t', lineterminator='\n\n')
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['apples', 'oranges', 'grapes'])
24
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['eggs', 'bacon', 'ham'])
17
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam'])
32
outputs:
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>>> import csv
>>> csvFile = open('example.tsv', 'w', newline='')
� >>> csvWriter = csv.writer(csvFile, delimiter='\t', lineterminator='\n\n')
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['apples', 'oranges', 'grapes'])
23 # changed
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['eggs', 'bacon', 'ham'])
16 # changed
>>> csvWriter.writerow(['spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam'])
31 # changed
Sept. 1, 2018 Update
In Chapter 14, reference number 565.5, paragraph 23.54, the codeblock:
#! python3
# removeCsvHeader.py - Removes the header from all CSV files in the current
# working directory.
--snip-# Read the CSV file in (skipping first row).
csvRows = []
csvFileObj = open(csvFilename)
readerObj = csv.reader(csvFileObj)
for row in readerObj:
if readerObj.line_num == 1:
continue
# skip first row
csvRows.append(row)
csvFileObj.close()
# TODO: Write out the CSV file.
needs to be indented to match the previous codeblock:
#! python3
# removeCsvHeader.py - Removes the header from all CSV files in the current
# working directory.
--snip-print('Removing header from ' + csvFilename + '...')
# added
# Read the CSV file in (skipping first row).
csvRows = []
csvFileObj = open(csvFilename)
readerObj = csv.reader(csvFileObj)
for row in readerObj:
if readerObj.line_num == 1:
continue
# skip first row
csvRows.append(row)
csvFileObj.close()
# TODO: Write out the CSV file.
On reference number 568.2, paragraph 23.58:
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The CSV Writer object will write the list to a CSV file in headerRemoved using csvFilename
(which we also used in the CSV reader). This will overwrite the original file.
I thought the original file won’t be overwritten because the new file is in the headerRemoved folder? TODO:
Can someone please confirm?
On reference number 575.4, paragraph 23.98, the link http://api.openweathermap.org /data/2.5/
forecast/daily?q=%3CLocation%3E&cnt=3 no longer works. The OpenWeatherMap.org API now needs
an API key. So, sign up if you really want to run quickWeather.py.
Alternatively, the Weather.gov API (United States only, at the moment) does not require an API key (only
a User Agent), but it will require one in the future.
Sept. 4, 2018 Update
In Chapter 14, reference number 582.0, paragraph 23.130, the codeblock:
for excelFile in os.listdir('.'):
# Skip non-xlsx files, load the workbook object.
for sheetName in wb.get_sheet_names():
# Loop through every sheet in the workbook.
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)
# Create the CSV filename from the Excel filename and sheet title.
# Create the csv.writer object for this CSV file.
# Loop through every row in the sheet.
for rowNum in range(1, sheet.get_highest_row() + 1):
rowData = []
# append each cell to this list
# Loop through each cell in the row.
for colNum in range(1, sheet.get_highest_column() + 1):
# Append each cell's data to rowData.
# Write the rowData list to the CSV file.
csvFile.close()
should be:
for excelFile in os.listdir('.'):
# Skip non-xlsx files, load the workbook object.
for sheetName in wb.sheetnames: # changed
# Loop through every sheet in the workbook.
sheet = wb[sheetName] # changed
# Create the CSV filename from the Excel filename and sheet title.
# Create the csv.writer object for this CSV file.
# Loop through every row in the sheet.
for rowNum in range(1, sheet.max_row + 1): # changed
rowData = []
# append each cell to this list
# Loop through each cell in the row.
for colNum in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1): # changed
# Append each cell's data to rowData.
(continues on next page)
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# Write the rowData list to the CSV file.
csvFile.close()
Sept. 5, 2018 Update
In Chapter 15, reference number 595.7, paragraph 24.42, the codeblock:
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1000000)
datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 12, 5, 46, 40)
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 27, 11, 13, 0, 604980)
might need to be:
>>> import time # added
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1000000)
datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 12, 5, 46, 40)
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 27, 11, 13, 0, 604980)
In case IDLE was closed to write the stopwatch.py program.
Sept. 6, 2018 Update
In Chapter 15, reference number 598.0, paragraph 24.47, the str line in codeblock needs bolding:
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> str(delta) # bold me, pls
'11 days, 10:09:08'
On reference number 599.5, paragraph 24.49, the line:
Finally, passing the timedelta object to str() returns a string clearly explaning the duration.
Sept. 7, 2018 Update
In Chapter 15, reference number 612.3, paragraph 24.125, the line:
To make sure the keyword argument sep=’ & ‘ gets passed to print() in the new thread, we pass
kwargs={‘sep’: ‘& ‘} to threading.Thread().
On reference number 616.0, paragraph 24.136 (multidownloadXkcd.py), the codeblock:
�
--snip-- # omitted
if comicElem == []:
print('Could not find comic image.')
else:
comicUrl = comicElem[0].get('src')
# Download the image.
(continues on next page)
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Chapter 1. Introduction
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(continued from previous page)
print('Downloading image %s...' % (comicUrl))
--snip-- # omitted
should be:
�
--snip-- # omitted
if comicElem == []:
print('Could not find comic image.')
else:
comicUrl = 'http:' + comicElem[0].get('src') # changed
# Download the image.
print('Downloading image %s...' % (comicUrl))
--snip-- # omitted
On reference number 627.6, paragraph 24.161, the codeblock:
>>> subprocess.Popen(['C:\\python34\\python.exe', 'hello.py'])
might need to be:
>>> subprocess.Popen(['C:\\python34\\python.exe', 'hello.py']).communicate()
# changed
I could not get it to accept input without it in Ubuntu 18.04. TODO: Can someone confirm they got it to
work in Windows?
Sept. 8, 2018 Update
In Chapter 15, reference number 631.7, paragraph 24.183 (countdown.py), the codeblock:
--snip-- # omitted
� timeLeft = 60
while timeLeft > 0:
�
print(timeLeft, end='')
�
time.sleep(1)
--snip-- # omitted
may need to be:
--snip-- # omitted
� timeLeft = 60
while timeLeft > 0:
�
print(timeLeft) # changed
�
time.sleep(1)
--snip-- # omitted
It wouldn’t print remaining time in Python 3.6.5 (Ubuntu 18.04) until the while loop finished. It seemed
to wait until the line was done before printing it. TODO: Can someone else please confirm?
Sept. 14, 2018 Update
In Chapter 16, reference number 648.4, paragraph 25.52, the line:
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Install imapclient and pyzmail from a Terminal window. Appendix A has steps on how to install
third-party modules.
I had to install pyzmail36 (possibly because I’m using Python 3.6.5). Appendix A may have to be updated.
Sept. 15, 2018 Update
In Chapter 16, reference number 658.7, paragraph 25.115, the lines:
imapObj.search(['ON 05-Jul-2015']). Returns every message sent on July 5, 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'BEFORE 01-Feb-2015', 'UNSEEN']). Returns every␣
,→message sent in January 2015
that is unread. (Note that this means on and after January 1 and up to but not including␣
,→February 1.)
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'FROM alice@example.com']). Returns every message␣
,→from alice@example.com sent
since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'NOT FROM alice@example.com']). Returns every␣
,→message sent from everyone except
alice@example.com␣
,→since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['OR FROM alice@example.com FROM bob@example.com']). Returns every␣
,→message ever sent from
alice@example.com or␣
,→bob@example.com.
imapObj.search(['FROM alice@example.com', 'FROM bob@example.com']). Trick example! This␣
,→search will never return
any messages,␣
,→because messages must match all
search keywords.␣
,→Since there can be only one
“from” address, it␣
,→is impossible for a message
to be from both␣
,→alice@example.com and
bob@example.com.
should be:
imapObj.search(['ON', '05-Jul-2015']). Returns every message sent on July 5, 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'BEFORE', '01-Feb-2015', 'UNSEEN']). Returns␣
,→every message sent in January
2015 that␣
,→is unread. (Note that this
means on␣
,→and after January 1 and up to
but not␣
,→including February 1.)
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com']). Returns every␣
,→message from alice@example.com
sent since the␣
,→start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'NOT', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com']). Returns␣
,→every message sent from
(continues on next page)
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(continued from previous page)
everyone␣
except alice@example.com
,→
since the␣
start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['OR', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com', 'FROM', 'bob@example.com']). Returns␣
,→every message ever sent
from␣
,→alice@example.com or
␣
,→bob@example.com.
imapObj.search(['FROM', 'alice@example.com', 'FROM', 'bob@example.com']). Trick example!␣
,→This search will never
return any␣
,→messages, because messages
must match all␣
,→search keywords. Since
there can be␣
,→only one “from” address, it
is impossible␣
,→for a message to be from
both␣
,→alice@example.com and
bob@example.
,→com.
,→
because criteria should be a sequence of items. Plus, trying imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015',
'NOT FROM alice@exmaple.com']) outputs imaplib.error: SEARCH command error: BAD [b'Error
in IMAP command UID SEARCH: Unexpected string as search key: SINCE 01-Jan-2015 (0.001 +
0.088 + 0.087 secs).']
Alternatively, imapObj.search('SINCE "01-Jan-2015" NOT FROM "alice@exmaple.com"') works, but
isn’t recommended according to the docs.
On reference number 664.6, paragraph 25.141, the line >>> message = pyzmail.PyzMessage.
factory(rawMessages[40041]['BODY[]']) gave me a KeyError (even after using proper
UIDs) that was only fixed by changing it to >>> message = pyzmail.PyzMessage.
factory(rawMessages[40041][b'BODY[]'])
On reference number 668.9, paragraph 25.148, the line � >>> UIDs = imapObj.search(['ON
09-Jul-2015']) should be � >>> UIDs = imapObj.search(['ON', '09-Jul-2015'])
Sept. 16, 2018 Updates
In Chapter 16, reference number 674.0, paragraph 25.168 (sendDuesReminders.py), the codeblock:
import openpyxl, smtplib, sys
--snip-- # omitted
� sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
� lastCol = sheet.get_highest_column()
� latestMonth = sheet.cell(row=1, column=lastCol).value
--snip-- # omitted
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should be:
import openpyxl, smtplib, sys, datetime
--snip-- # omitted
� sheet = wb['Sheet1']
# changed
# changed
� lastCol = sheet.max_column # changed
� latestMonth = sheet.cell(row=1, column=lastCol).value
latestMonth = datetime.datetime.strftime(latestMonth, '%b %Y')
,→LibreOffice 6.0.3.2
--snip-- # omitted
# added for␣
Sept. 17, 2018 Update: In LibreOffice, latestMonth = 2018-06-01 00:00:00, so I had to use datetime to
format it as Jun 2018. TODO: Can someone please confirm it works in Excel?
On reference number 676.3, paragraph 25.170, the line � for r in range(2, sheet.get_highest_row()
+ 1): should be � for r in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
On reference number 678.1, paragraph 25.174, the line body = "Subject: %s dues unpaid.\nDear
%s,\nRecords show that you have not paid dues for %s. Please make this payment as soon as
possible. Thank you!'" % (latestMonth, name, latestMonth) should be body = "Subject: %s
dues unpaid.\nDear %s,\nRecords show that you have not paid dues for %s. Please make this
payment as soon as possible. Thank you!" % (latestMonth, name, latestMonth)
Sept. 17, 2018 Update
In Chapter 16, reference number 682.8, paragraph 25.190, the codeblock:
� >>> from twilio.rest import TwilioRestClient
--snip-- # omitted
� >>> twilioCli = TwilioRestClient(accountSID, authToken)
should be:
� >>> from twilio.rest import Client # changed
--snip-- # omitted
� >>> twilioCli = Client(accountSID, authToken)
# changed
because TwilioRestClient has been depreciated (using twilio 6.16.4).
On reference number 685.5, paragraph 25.195, the line � >>> updatedMessage = twilioCli.messages.
get(message.sid) should be � >>> updatedMessage = twilioCli.messages(message.sid).fetch() because the attributes of messages.get() were changed.
Sept. 18, 2018 Update
In Chapter 16, reference number 687.8, paragraph 25.201 (textMyself.py), the codeblock:
--snip-- # omitted
from twilio.rest import TwilioRestClient
� def textmyself(message):
�
twilioCli = TwilioRestClient(accountSID, authToken)
--snip-- # omitted
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should be:
--snip-- # omitted
from twilio.rest import Client
# changed
� def textmyself(message):
�
twilioCli = Client(accountSID, authToken)
--snip-- # omitted
# changed
In paragraph 25.202, the line:
It then defined textmyself() to take on argument �, make a TwilioRestClient object �, and call
create() with the message you passed �.
Sept. 27, 2018 Update
In Chapter 17, reference number 724.1, paragraph 26.122, the line � im = im.resize((width, height)) is
over indented.
On reference number 734.5, paragraph 26.163, the codeblock:
--snip-- # omitted
>>> fontsFolder = 'FONT_FOLDER' # e.g. 'Library/Fonts'
� >>> arialFont = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(fontsFolder, 'arial.ttf'), 32)
� >>> draw.text((100, 150), 'Howdy', fill='gray', font=arialFont)
--snip-- # omitted
will need to be changed for those on Ubuntu, specifically:
--snip-- # omitted
>>> fontsFolder = '/usr/share/fonts/truetype' # e.g. 'Library/Fonts' # modified
� >>> liberationFont = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(fontsFolder, '/liberation/
,→LiberationSerif-Regular.ttf'), 32)
# modified
� >>> draw.text((100, 150), 'Howdy', fill='gray', font=liberationFont) # modified
--snip-- # omitted
However, everyone will have to modify it for their system.
Sept. 28, 2018 Update
In Chapter 17, reference number 738.6, paragraph 26.194, the line:
Other wise, it should skip adding the logo.
Sept. 29, 2018 Update
In Chapter 17, reference number 739.4, paragraph 26.198, the codeblock:
#! python3 #
Import modules and write comments to describe this program.
--snip--
# omitted
may need to be:
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#! python3
# Import modules and write comments to describe this program.
--snip--
# omitted
On reference number 740.0, paragraph 26.200, the line:
For each of the guests listed in the guests.txt file from the resources at http://nostarch.com/
automatestuff/, generate an image file with the guest name and some flowery decoration.
may need to be:
For each of the guests listed in the guests.txt file from the resources at http://nostarch.com/
automatestuff/, generate an image file with the guest’s name and some flowery decoration.
I couldn’t find the public domain flower image mentioned in the book, so I used this one.
Oct. 2, 2018 Update
For Chapter 18, if running Ubuntu 18.04.1 in a VirtualBox virtual machine, mouse integration needs to be
turned off so that the pyautogui module can control the mouse. Remember that the Host Key will need to
be pressed to manually toggle keyboard/mouse capture.
Oct. 3, 2018 Update
In Chapter 18, reference number 764.0, paragraph 27.77, the codeblock:
#! python3
# mouseNow.py - Displays the mouse cursor's current position.
--snip-positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y).rjust(4)
pixelColor = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x, y))
positionStr += ' RGB: (' + str(pixelColor[0]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[1]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[2]).rjust(3) + ')'
print(positionStr, end='')
--snip-may need to be:
#! python3
# mouseNow.py - Displays the mouse cursor's current position.
import pyautogui, os # changed
--snip-positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y).rjust(4)
pixelColor = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x, y))
positionStr += ' RGB: (' + str(pixelColor[0]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[1]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[2]).rjust(3) + ')'
print(positionStr, end='')
print('\b' * len(positionStr), end='', flush=True)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
files = os.listdir('./') # added
(continues on next page)
26
Chapter 1. Introduction
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(continued from previous page)
for file in files: # added
if file.startswith('.screenshot'): # added
os.remove(os.path.join('./', file)) # added
print('\nDone.')
to cleanup all the .screenshot### files left behind in Ubuntu 18.04. This could be because the exception
handler doesn’t give PyAutoGUI a chance to do it.
Oct. 4, 2018 Update
In Chapter 18, reference number 765.5, paragraph 27.81, the line:
… replacing ‘submit. png’ with the filename of your screenshot:
Oct. 7, 2018 Update
In Chapter 18, reference number 781.5, paragraph 27.192, the line:
… then mouse over the Name field to figure out its the x- and y-coordinates.
Setting up formFiller.py coordinates
To set up the coordinates for formFiller.py, you need to open a terminal window (or command prompt),
run the mouseNow.py script, resize it to something small, keep it in the foreground, and hover over the
maximized browser in the background as you note the mouseNow.py data.
As you enter data in the form, you may need to keep bringing back the mouseNow.py window into the
foreground. For some reason, that wasn’t explained clearly enough for me.
Tip: If “This is a required question” appears below the Name field, it will affect the coordinates of the
Submit button.
On reference number 791.8, paragraph 27.213, the lines:
… whether it has gotten offtrack. You can even give PyAutoGUI a screen-shot and …
On reference number 793.8, paragraph 27.236, the line:
Your program will have to take screen-shots to guide…
1.6 CrackingCodesWithPython
You’ll be seeing a lot of Al Sweigart’s books because he provides them for free online at his website. Please
consider donating to show your support.
Cracking Codes with Python is his latest release and largely covers how to use and compromise various
ciphers with Python.
Granted, most of the ciphers are old enough to be broken with a Raspberry Pi, but the general idea is how
they are implemented and what about them are easy to break.
For detailed answers to Practice Questions, check the No Starch Press Website.
1.6. CrackingCodesWithPython
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
1.6.1 CrackingCodesWithPython Corrections
Note: My PDF copy was created 12/1/2017 7:03:06PM and was last modified 12/4/2017 5:30:14PM
• Chapter 1 Practice Questions:
The answer for Practice Question 1, part b:
Encrypt “GUILLOTINE: A machine which
makes a Frenchman shrug his shoulders with good reason.”
with a key of 17 should
be “XlZccfkZeV:NRN4rtyz5vN.yztyN4r2v0NrNW9v5ty4r5N0y9!xNyz0N0y6!3u v90N.z yNx66uN9vr065Q”,
not “bpdggjodiZ:RVR8vx349zRD34x3R8v6z.RvRa?z9x38v9R.3?B2R34.R.30B7yz?.RD4A3R200yR?zv.09U”
(that’s key of 21)
Scratch that, with SYMBOLS = “ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”, even the messages should be
in all caps with totally different outputs, like the decryption in question 2.
Question 1 answers should be:
a. EQFMHIBXVSYW: EFPI XS TMGO AMXL IUYEP WOMPP E VMKLX-LERH TSGOIX SV E
PIJX.
b. XLZCCFKZEV: R DRTYZEV NYZTY DRBVJ R WIVETYDRE JYILX YZJ JYFLCUVIJ NZKY
XFFU IVRJFE.
c. DHKDZOT: TJPM DMMZQZMZIXZ OJRVMY HT YZDOT.
and Question 3 should be using all caps as well.
• On page 57, the final paragraph reads:
“Just as in the reverse cipher in Chapter 5, …”
However, the reverse cipher was in chapter 4 because chapter 5 is the Caesar cipher!
• On page 84, end of the third-to-last paragraph:
“(All the variables in the reverse cipher and Caesar cipher programs in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively, were global.)”
Chapter 6 was the Caesar cipher hacker program!
• On page 166, the fourth paragraph:
Line 30 uses string interpolation to print the key currently being tested using string interpolation
to provide feedback to the user.
• On page 236, the code block:
>>> letterMapping1 = simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping1, 'OLQIHXIRCKGNZ',
,→ candidates[0])
>>> letterMapping1
Should be
>>> simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping1, 'OLQIHXIRCKGNZ', candidates[0])
>>> letterMapping1
• On page 237, the code blocks:
>>> letterMapping1 = simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping1, 'OLQIHXIRCKGNZ',
,→ candidates[1])
>>> letterMapping1
and
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>>> letterMapping2 = simpleSubHacker.getBlankCipherletterMapping()
>>> wordPat = makeWordPatterns.getWordPattern('PLQRZKBZB')
>>> candidates = wordPatterns.allPatterns[wordPat]
>>> candidates
['CONVERSES', 'INCREASES', 'PORTENDED', 'UNIVERSES']
>>> for candidate in candidates:
...
letterMapping2 = simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping2, 'PLQRZKBZB',
,→ candidate)
...
>>> letterMapping2
should be
>>> simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping1, 'OLQIHXIRCKGNZ', candidates[1])
>>> letterMapping1
and
>>> letterMapping2 = simpleSubHacker.getBlankCipherletterMapping()
>>> wordPat = makeWordPatterns.getWordPattern('PLQRZKBZB')
>>> candidates = wordPatterns.allPatterns[wordPat]
>>> candidates
['CONVERSES', 'INCREASES', 'PORTENDED', 'UNIVERSES']
>>> for candidate in candidates:
...
simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping2, 'PLQRZKBZB', candidate)
...
>>> letterMapping2
• On page 238, the code block:
>>> letterMapping3 = simpleSubHacker.getBlankCipherletterMapping()
>>> wordPat = makeWordPatterns.getWordPattern('MPBKSSIPLC')
>>> candidates = wordPatterns.allPatterns[wordPat]
>>> for i in range(len(candidates)):
...
letterMapping3 = simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping3, 'MPBKSSIPLC
,→', candidates[i])
...
>>> letterMapping3
should be
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
...
...
>>>
letterMapping3 = simpleSubHacker.getBlankCipherletterMapping()
wordPat = makeWordPatterns.getWordPattern('MPBKSSIPLC')
candidates = wordPatterns.allPatterns[wordPat]
for i in range(len(candidates)):
simpleSubHacker.addLettersToMapping(letterMapping3, 'MPBKSSIPLC', candidates[i])
letterMapping3
May 14, 2018 Update
• On page 253, the code block:
1.6. CrackingCodesWithPython
29
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
>>> building = ''
>>> for c in 'Hello world!':
>>>
building += c
>>> print(building)
should be
>>> building = ''
>>> for c in 'Hello world!':
...
building += c
...
>>> print(building)
• On page 254, the code block:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
building = []
for c in 'Hello world!':
building.append(c)
building = ''.join(building)
print(building)
should be
>>>
>>>
...
...
>>>
>>>
building = []
for c in 'Hello world!':
building.append(c)
building = ''.join(building)
print(building)
May 15, 2018 Update
• On page 260, the last line:
Similarly, the letters that appear least often in the ciphertext are more likely to have been
encrypted from to X, Q, and Z in plaintext.
May 18, 2018 Update
• On page 298, the code:
>>> set([1, 2, 3, 3, 4])
set([1, 2, 3, 4])
outputs
>>> set([1, 2, 3, 3, 4])
{1, 2, 3, 4}
for me, but that may be the interactive shell or OS I’m using (Ubuntu 16.04 with Python 3.5.2). TODO:
Can anyone else confirm?
• On page 306, the code:
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Chapter 1. Introduction
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
>>> def printStuff():
print('Hello', end='\n')
print('Howdy', end='')
print('Greetings', end='XYZ')
print('Goodbye')
>>> printStuff()
should be
>>> def printStuff():
...
print('Hello', end='\n')
...
print('Howdy', end='')
...
print('Greetings', end='XYZ')
...
print('Goodbye')
...
>>> printStuff()
May 19, 2018 Update
• On page 318, the code block:
>>> import secrets
>>> otp = ''
>>> for i in range(55):
otp += secrets.choice('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')
>>> otp
should be
>>>
>>>
>>>
...
>>>
import secrets
otp = ''
for i in range(55):
otp += secrets.choice('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')
otp
I think. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS doesn’t have Python 3.6 or above. TODO: Can someone confirm?
• On page 326, the code block:
>>> primeNum.isPrime(13)
True
should be
>>> primeNum.isPrime(13)
False
Here’s the thing: isPrime() checks a number for divisibility by low prime numbers (which would make it
not prime). Therefore, 13 is divisible by the low prime number 13 and is not prime by that definition.
You’d have to add something like:
if num in LOW_PRIMES:
return True # Low prime numbers are still prime numbers
1.6. CrackingCodesWithPython
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to isPrime() to keep it from doing that.
May 20, 2018 Update
• On page 341 and 347, the code:
64. print('The private key is a %s and a %s digit number.' % (len(str(publicKey[0])),␣
,→len(str(publicKey[1]))))
should be
64. print('The private key is a %s and a %s digit number.' % (len(str(privateKey[0])),␣
,→len(str(privateKey[1]))))
1.7 wikibook
This is a set of examples from Wikibook’s Non-Programmer’s Tutorial for Python 3.
I like the concept of an open tutorial for users to learn from and add to so I went along with it and typed
up all the relevant examples from all the chapters with code.
They are a great resource to follow along with and contain some notes I added.
1.8 Udacity
It is fantastic that classes can be taken for free, though a machine does all the grading. The only downside
is there is little feedback, but that may be what the forums are for.
Included are my answers to the given problems. As I learn more about Python, I will go back and make
corrections/improvements. Regardless, given these are tutorials, feedback is welcome.
1.8.1 CS101: Intro to Computer Science
These are sets of problems given in Udacity’s CS101 Course. Unfortunately, Python 2.x is used in the
course, so these problem sets may not be forwards compatible.
The goal of the CS101 class is to create an Internet search engine from scratch in Python. The final is
creating a social network in Python. Although the basics of Python are covered, I still recommend reading
a primer on Python programming to better understand how programs are written.
To that end, I recommend Cracking Codes with Python by Al Sweigart because it demonstrates in-depth
usage of strings, lists, and dictionaries with full explanations in a short-form book.
1.9 CrackingCodesWithPython
1.9.1 CrackingCodesWithPython package
Subpackages
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Chapter 1. Introduction
python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter01 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter01.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter01.caesarCipher module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter01.caesarHacker module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter01.config module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter07 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter07.addNumbers module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter07.helloFunction module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter07.transpositionEncrypt module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter08 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter08.transpositionDecrypt module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter11 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter11.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter11.detectEnglish module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter13 package
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter13.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter13.cryptomath module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter14 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter14.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter14.affineCipher module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter14.affineKeyTest module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter15 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter15.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter15.affineHacker module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter16 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter16.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter16.simpleSubCipher module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter17 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter17.PracticeQuestions module
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter17.makeWordPatterns module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter17.simpleSubHacker module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter17.wordPatterns module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter18 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter18.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter18.stringTest module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter18.vigenereCipher module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter19 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter19.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter19.freqAnalysis module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter20 package
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter20.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter20.vigenereDictionaryHacker module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter20.vigenereHacker module
Module contents
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter22 package
Submodules
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python-tutorials Documentation, Release 1.0.2
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter22.PracticeQuestions module
CrackingCodesWithPython.Chapter22.primeNum module
Module contents
Submodules
CrackingCodesWithPython.pyperclip module
Module contents
1.10 Index
36
Chapter 1. Introduction
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source Exif Data:
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