Net Tool Nettool Um

User Manual: NetTool

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NetTool Users Manual
1. Overview
2. NetTool Menus
3. Problems
Appendices
Index

NetToolTM

Inline Network Tester

Users Manual

PN 1560821

June 2000, Rev. 2, 3/02

All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Each Fluke Networks product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year

and begins on the date of purchase. Parts, accessories, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer

or end-user customer of a Fluke Networks authorized reseller, and does not apply to disposable batteries, cable connector tabs, cable insulation-displacement

connectors, or to any product which, in Fluke Networks’ opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or abnormal

conditions of operation or handling. Fluke Networks warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days

and that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke Networks does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption.

Fluke Networks authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only but have no authority to extend a

greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke Networks. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke Networks authorized sales

outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke Networks reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts

when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.

Fluke Networks’ warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke Networks’ option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge repair, or replacement of a defective

product which is returned to a Fluke Networks authorized service center within the warranty period.

To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke Networks authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the product to

that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke Networks assumes no risk for damage in transit.

Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke Networks determines that failure was caused

by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, Fluke

Networks will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to the

Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).

THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING

BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE NETWORKS SHALL

NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING

FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.

Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the

limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other

decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision. 08/01

Fluke Networks, Inc.

PO Box 777

Everett, WA 98206-0777 USA

Fluke Europe B.V.

P.O. Box 1186

5602 BD Eindhoven

The Netherlands

Table of Contents

Chapter Title Page

1 Overview.......................................................................................................................1-1

Introduction....................................................................................................................1-1

Register Now! ........................................................................................................... 1-2

Software Version....................................................................................................... 1-4

Supplied Equipment.................................................................................................. 1-4

Optional Equipment .................................................................................................. 1-4

Getting Assistance.................................................................................................... 1-4

Getting Acquainted ........................................................................................................ 1-5

Buttons and Indicators .............................................................................................. 1-5

Navigation Buttons.................................................................................................... 1-5

NetTool LED Indicators............................................................................................. 1-6

Link/Collision/Error LED ....................................................................................... 1-6

Utilization LED...................................................................................................... 1-6

Serial Connection................................................................................................. 1-7

NetTool Modes .............................................................................................................. 1-7

Single-ended Mode................................................................................................... 1-7

Inline Mode ............................................................................................................... 1-7

NetTool

Users Manual

Cable Testing................................................................................................................. 1-8

Cable AutoTest.......................................................................................................... 1-8

Wiremap.................................................................................................................... 1-8

Service Identification ...................................................................................................... 1-9

Services Discovered.................................................................................................. 1-9

NetTool Updates, etc...................................................................................................... 1-10

PC/NetTool Link Utility ................................................................................................... 1-10

2 NetTool Menus ............................................................................................................. 2-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................2-1

NetTool Menus............................................................................................................... 2-1

NetTool Menus - PC.................................................................................................. 2-2

Link Configuration................................................................................................. 2-2

Health ................................................................................................................... 2-2

Addresses Used ................................................................................................... 2-3

Servers Used........................................................................................................ 2-3

NetTool Menus – Setup (NetTool Icon) ..................................................................... 2-3

More NetTool Setup Options ................................................................................ 2-4

NetTool Menus - Network.......................................................................................... 2-5

Link and Cable Information........................................................................................ 2-5

Duplex Settings ......................................................................................................... 2-5

NetTool Main Menu ................................................................................................... 2-6

AutoTest ............................................................................................................... 2-6

Problems............................................................................................................... 2-7

Protocols............................................................................................................... 2-7

Key Devices.......................................................................................................... 2-8

Pinging a Single Device............................................................................................. 2-10

3 Problems.......................................................................................................................3-1

Contents

(continued)

iii

Introduction....................................................................................................................3-1

Problem Display........................................................................................................ 3-2

Link Connectivity Problems............................................................................................ 3-3

Network Problems ......................................................................................................... 3-4

Health ....................................................................................................................... 3-4

NetWare.................................................................................................................... 3-5

TCP/IP ...................................................................................................................... 3-5

Host Configuration .................................................................................................... 3-6

Name Resolution ...................................................................................................... 3-6

NetBIOS.................................................................................................................... 3-7

Web .......................................................................................................................... 3-8

Email......................................................................................................................... 3-8

Printer ....................................................................................................................... 3-9

Appendices

A Specification ........................................................................................................... A-1

B Basic Maintenence ................................................................................................. B-1

C Glossary ................................................................................................................. C-1

Index

NetTool

Users Manual

List of Tables

Table Title Page

1-1. NetTool Overview ................................................................................................................. 1-3

1-2. Services Discovered ............................................................................................................. 1-9

2-1. Link and Polarity Level.......................................................................................................... 2-6

NetTool

Users Manual

vii

List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1-1. NetTool ................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1-2. Battery Compartment............................................................................................................ 1-5

1-3. NetTool First Screen............................................................................................................. 1-5

1-4. NetTool LEDs........................................................................................................................ 1-6

1-5. Serial Cable Connection ....................................................................................................... 1-10

2-1. Top Area............................................................................................................................... 2-1

2-2. NetTool Menus...................................................................................................................... 2-2

2-3. Station Menu......................................................................................................................... 2-2

2-4. Link Configuration Details..................................................................................................... 2-2

2-5. Health Details........................................................................................................................ 2-3

2-6. Addresses Used.................................................................................................................... 2-3

2-7. Servers Used........................................................................................................................ 2-3

2-8. NetTool Setup....................................................................................................................... 2-3

2-9. NetTool Settings ................................................................................................................... 2-3

2-10. Network Menu....................................................................................................................... 2-5

2-11. Top Area............................................................................................................................... 2-5

2-12. AutoTest ............................................................................................................................... 2-6

NetTool

Users Manual

viii

2-15. Problem Log.......................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-16. Protocols ............................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-17. Protocol List........................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-18. IP Protocols........................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-19. Key Devices .......................................................................................................................... 2-8

2-20. Key Device List...................................................................................................................... 2-8

2-21. Main Menu............................................................................................................................. 2-8

2-22. Toolkit Menu.......................................................................................................................... 2-8

2-23. Health.................................................................................................................................... 2-9

2-24. Health Display ....................................................................................................................... 2-9

3-1. Problems ............................................................................................................................... 3-1

3-2. Problem Log.......................................................................................................................... 3-1

1-1

Chapter 1

Overview

Introduction

The Fluke Networks NetTool Inline Network Tester

(hereafter referred to as NetTool) is a unique handheld

device that combines cable, network, and PC

configuration testing into a single, handheld unit. NetTool

was designed specifically to speed your frontline network

troubleshooting, “moves, adds & changes,” and desktop-

to-network connectivity work.

NetTool is available in two models: NetTool Inline and

Inline Pro version.

NetTool Inline features include:

Single-ended mode

Inline mode

ahn010f.eps

Figure 1-1. NetTool

NetTool

Users Manual

1-2

Inline Pro Features include:

Single-ended mode

Inline mode

Reporter

Ping

These features are discussed throughout this manual in

their pertinent sections. You can also access

www.flukenetworks.com/nettool to access software

updates, documents, and the latest news on NetTool.

Get a free personalized holster for your NetTool by

visiting www.flukenetworks.com/nettool and registering

your NetTool today. Follow the instructions to get a

company or personal name embossed on the holster.

Upon registering your NetTool, Fluke Networks will send

the personalized holster free of charge.

Table 1-1 shows an overview of what NetTool provides.

Overview

Introduction

1-3

Table 1-1. NetTool Overview

Service Identification

Telco

Token Ring

Ethernet

Health

Broadcast/Error meters

Utilization

Cable Test

Wiremap

PC Configuration

Link Config

Health

Addresses Used

Servers Used

Ping

Single Device Ping

Ping Catalog

Reporter

Get Live Reports

Get Saved Reports

Link Configuration

Link ID

Rx Pair

Advertised Speed

Actual Speed

Level

Polarity

Advertised Duplex

Actual Duplex

Services (Key Devices)

IP Servers

IPX (NetWare) Servers

NetBIOS Servers

Printers

Routers

Problems – The Problem

Log provides a concise

list of all problems

detected, from physical

layer to application layer.

Single Ended Mode - This mode enables you to check a

network drop or network device for activity, determine its

speed and duplex settings, confirm healthy frames are

being received from the network; and to check connectivity

to the network (when plugged into a hub or switch).

Inline Mode - Inline mode occurs when NetTool is plugged

in between two devices simultaneously like a PC and the

network.

Inline Pro - The Ping and Reporter features are

permanently activated in the factory. Trial uses are

provided if you have not purchased the option.

Quick Reference Guide - Read the

NetTool Quick

Reference Guide

(P/N 1560839) that came with your

purchase to become familiar with and quickly begin using

your NetTool.

Upgrade - Get updates to NetTool software when they are

released via the internet.

Personalization - Get a free holster for your NetTool by

visiting the NetTool web site and registering your NetTool.

NetTool

Users Manual

1-4

Software Version

To determine the version of the software in your NetTool,

highlight the Setup icon and press the Select (middle)

button. Highlight About NetTool and press Select again.

The software version number is displayed on the screen

as SW Rev: x.x. Read the

NetTool Quick Reference

Guide

(P/N 1560839) and the NetTool Blaster program

helptext for instructions on updating NetTool.

Supplied Equipment

The following equipment is supplied with the NetTool:

❒ Four (4) AA batteries (P/N 1560231)

❒ Serial Cable (P/N 1541340)

❒ RJ-45 Cable (P/N 642774)

❒ Wiremap adapter (P/N 1563930)

❒ CD-ROM Disk (P/N 1560821)

NetTool Users Manual

NetTool Blaster! (update software) and

NetTool Toolkit (make full use of NetTool options)

Optional Equipment

The following optional items can be purchased through

Fluke Networks or your local distributor:

❒ A/C Adapter (P/N 1556346)

❒ Battery Charger (P/N 1572191)

❒ Rechargeable Batteries (P/N 1572184)

Getting Assistance

For operating assistance in the USA, call 1-800-283-

5853. For a complete list of contact numbers, check

Appendix B or visit the Fluke Networks web site at

www.flukenetworks.com.

Overview

Getting Acquainted

1-5

Getting Acquainted

Use four (4) AA size batteries (supplied P/N 1560231) or

the optional rechargeable batteries (P/N 1572184) as

shown (optional charger PN 1572191).

ahn011f.eps

Figure 1-2. Battery Compartment

The optional AC adapter can be used to power the unit

and conserve battery power. The adapter plugs in to the

left side of NetTool.

Read the

NetTool Quick Reference Guide

that came with

your purchase to start using NetTool right away. You can

also access www.flukenetworks.com/nettool for the

latest news on NetTool, troubleshooting tips, and service

information.

Buttons and Indicators

⇒ Power – press once to turn on or off.

⇒ Backlight – Once NetTool has power, you may

turn on the

backlight

by pressing the power button

quickly. Turn it off by pressing the Power button

quickly again.

Navigation Buttons

After powering up NetTool, just

press the buttons that make up the

oval under the screen and highlight

an icon or menu item you wish to

view (

down

right

left

). As you

navigate, the highlighted area

flashes. Also, if a list is longer than

can be displayed, use the up and

down buttons to scroll through it.

AutoTest flashes (Figure 1-3) on

power up. Press the Select button

to begin. You can also navigate to

the NetTool Setup screen by

highlighting and selecting the

NetTool Setup icon (

NetTool Setup)

SELECT

ahn012f.eps

ahn013s.bmp

Figure 1-3.

NetTool First

Screen

NetTool

Users Manual

1-6

Note

If you have not registered your NetTool, you will

see a Registration Reminder Screen followed by

a screen that displays how many option trials

remain.

Be sure to install NetTool Blaster (NetTool

Toolkit installs as part of the NetTool Blaster

install process), the PC-based software that

came with your purchase on CD-ROM (check

the online help for those programs for more

information). These software programs enable

you to pass data between a NetTool and a PC.

⇒ Press Select (middle button) once to view an item

and related screens.

⇒ Within a screen that is “scrollable,” use the up and

down keys to scroll. Within a menu screen, the

right button returns you to the . The right and left

buttons act as a page up (left) or page down (right)

if there are more items to view.

⇒ Press the Up key to navigate to the (top right)

and press Select to close the current screen.

⇒ Certain screens also display a tool icon left of

the . Select this icon to access the configuration

screen for that function.

NetTool LED Indicators

NetTool has two tricolor LED indicators on each side to

reflect link and health information at a glance.

LEDs LEDs

ahn014f.eps

Figure 1-4. NetTool LEDs

Link/Collision/Error LED

Green

= Link pulse present

Yellow

= Collisions occurring

Red

= Errors occurring (FCS, jabbers, etc.)

Utilization LED

The bottom tricolor LED indicates utilization percentages

for each side.

Overview

NetTool Modes

1-7

Green

= utilization levels below 40%

Yellow

= levels between 40% and 70%

Red

= levels greater than 70%

Serial Connection

Connecting NetTool to a PC via the customized serial

cable (supplied PN 1541340) allows you to:

• Download software.

• Enable options.

• Save screens.

• Use NetTool Blaster and NetTool Toolkit

programs supplied on the CD-ROM. Read the

Reporter

and

Ping Catalog

sections for more

information).

NetTool Modes

NetTool has two RJ-45 jacks, one on each side of the

unit. Plug it in and turn it on…either between two devices

like a hub and a PC or directly into a wall plate to check a

network drop.

NetTool can be used in two modes: Single-Ended Mode

and Inline Mode.

Single-ended Mode

Note

To optimize discovery, connect NetTool with the

device (like a PC) off, turn NetTool on, press

AutoTest, then turn the device on.

⇒ Plug an RJ-45 cable into a network drop or a single

network device, such as a hub, PC, server, or

printer.

⇒ Run AutoTest by pressing the Select button. The

NetTool screen displays icons for NetTool itself and

the other device.

Use this mode to quickly prove a network drop or network

device is active, determine its speed and duplex settings,

confirm healthy frames are being sent, and check

connectivity to the network (when plugged into a hub or

switch). Read Chapter 2,

NetTool Menus,

for more

information on the menus and icons.

Inline Mode

Note

NetTool must sense traffic on a network or

device so it can supply protocol or health

information.

NetTool

Users Manual

1-8

Inline means NetTool is plugged in between two devices

simultaneously such as a PC and network hub. Use this

mode to verify that a PC will communicate properly with

the network.

Cable Testing

Using Cable AutoTest, you can check cable length, detect

split pairs, or use the wiremap adapter (supplied P/N

1563930) to verify pin-to-pin continuity from the near to

the far end of a cable.

Cable AutoTest

⇒ Plug the cable to test into

the jack on either side of

the NetTool. Power up

NetTool. AutoTest

flashes. Press Select.

⇒ Highlight the Spool icon

and press Select to see

cable status. NetTool

detects cable length,

opens, shorts, and split

pairs.

⇒ This applies for patch

ahn015s.bmp

ahn016s.bmp

cables as well except you

would plug both ends in

to the NetTool and then

press Select.

Wiremap

⇒ To use wiremap, attach

the wiremap adapter to

the far end of the cable.

⇒ Power up NetTool.

AutoTest flashes. Press

Select.

⇒ Highlight the Wiremap

icon and press Select.

ahn017s.bmp

ahn018s.bmp

Overview

Service Identification

1-9

Service Identification

⇒ Plug NetTool in to any RJ-45 wall jack.

⇒ Power up NetTool and select AutoTest. Doing so

shows you what service is active on the jack being

tested:

Telco: Shows the tip and ring pins (in the case of

voice being carried on an RJ-45 cable).

XCaution

Although NetTool can detect Telco signals, it

is not designed to be used on the public

telephone network. Disconnect immediately.

NetTool cannot reliably discover Telco

information with the AC adapter or serial

cable connected. It also detects ISDN

signals but cannot reliably detect the S/T

interface.

⇒ Token Ring: Indicates the presence of a Token

Ring network.

Ethernet: Tells you if the jack is hot, what’s on the

other end (hub, switch, etc.), as well as the speed

and duplex, level, and polarity. Also shows the

segment ID so you can pick the right network to

hook up to a PC (if there are multiple jacks).

Services Discovered

Table 1-2 lists the services detected by NetTool.

Table 1-2. Services Discovered

Device Services

Servers IP Servers (IP services discovered): DHCP,

DNS, email (SMTP, POP, IMAP), Web

(HTTP, HTTP proxy), WINS.

NetWare Servers (IPX service types):

Nearest File Server, File Server, NetWare

Access server, Time Synchronization

Server, NetWare Directory Server (NDS),

NetWare Management Server.

NetBIOS Servers: Primary Domain

controllers, Backup Domain controllers,

Master Browsers.

Routers IP Routers: RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF,

IRDP, RIP2.

IPX routers: RIP.

Printers IP Printers - IP Printers, IP Print Spoolers.

IPX Printers - IPX Print services.

DLC Printers - Microsoft DLC, HP DLC.

NetTool

Users Manual

1-10

NetTool Updates, etc

Get updates to NetTool software when they are released.

To check the version you have, select the NetTool Setup

icon then select About NetTool.

⇒ To find out if there is a new version, access

www.flukenetworks.com/nettool and navigate to

the update page. Check the software file displayed

in that area and determine if it is a later version.

⇒ To update your NetTool, follow the web instructions

to download the file. After you download the file to

a PC connect supplied serial cable as shown in

Figure 1-5.

ahn019f.eps

Figure 1-5. Serial Cable Connection

PC/NetTool Link Utility

Updating NetTool is a simple process that requires you to

download, or otherwise make accessible to your PC, the

latest NetTool firmware file. You can then run the update

and link utilities that came on CD-ROM or from the web.

There are two PC-based software programs that install

from the CD-ROM: NetTool Blaster and NetTool Toolkit.

When you put the CD-ROM that came with your purchase

in your PC, a navigation screen displays. Install both link

utility programs by running the setup program. After you

install the programs, run them from the Start | Programs

| Fluke Networks...menu. Follow the directions given by

the online help of both programs.

Overview

PC/NetTool Link Utility

1-11

NetTool Blaster

After you have the latest NetTool firmware downloaded

and saved locally, NetTool Blaster enables you to:

⇒ Update NetTool – click the Update button.

⇒ Get screen shots – download screens by clicking

NetTool Blaster’s Capture button.

⇒ Add your own splash screen by clicking the

Personalize button.

⇒ Set Date/Time.

⇒ If you have purchased options and need to enter

the option key, click Options.

⇒ Change Language – as translations become

available, choose one of the associated option

buttons.

⇒ Set Communication Parameters.

NetTool Toolkit

Use NetTool Toolkit on your PC in order to take full

advantage of NetTool Pro features. NetTool Toolkit

enables you to:

⇒ Generate reports.

⇒ Download reports.

⇒ Configure ping parameters.

⇒ Configure ping catalogs.

Select Help from the top menu of either program and

follow the instructions to use NetTool Blaster or Toolkit.

NetTool

Users Manual

1-12

2-1

Chapter 2

NetTool Menus

Introduction

Navigating within NetTool is easy and fast. If a link pulse

is detected, NetTool searches for devices on the network

and then displays them on its easy-to-read display.

Navigation is based the icons and menu below them.

NetTool Menus

There are two sets of menus to assist in troubleshooting:

the top area (Figure 2-1) containing icons and the main

menu (Figure 2-2) below the icons.

ahn020s.bmp

Figure 2-1. Top Area

The three top area icons take you through menus

corresponding with the three elements of the connection:

⇒PC

⇒NetTool Setup

⇒Network

The main menu takes you through various discovery

screens that reflect NetTool’s connection to devices.

In addition, link information is displayed between the

device icons and cable information is displayed below the

NetTool Setup icon (see

Link and Cable Information

later

in this chapter)

NetTool

Users Manual

2-2

NetWork Icon PC Icon

NetTool Icon

Main Menu

ahn021f.eps

Figure 2-2. NetTool Menus

NetTool Menus - PC

⇒ Connect NetTool to a PC and press the PC icon.

The icon displays on the left or right, depending on

where you connected the cable. Figure 2-3 displays

the list of PC information you can access.

ahn022s.bmp

Figure 2-3. Station Menu

⇒ After the PC sends frames, you can scan the PC

configuration by navigating through the menu. This

view of the PC is invaluable in troubleshooting

networked PCs.

Link Configuration

The Link Config screen (Figure 2-4) provides the following

key link pulse information about the device (e.g., the PC)

to which NetTool is connected:

Receive (Rx) Pair

Advertised Speed

Actual Speed

Level

Polarity

Advertised Duplex

Actual Duplex

ahn023s.bmp

Figure 2-4. Link Configuration Details

Health

The Health option enables you to check the health of

frames the PC has sent since you started AutoTest and

isolate PC related problems. There are two types of Health

screens: one that displays activity since the last AutoTest

(Figure 2-5) and one that relates to what is going on now.

In other words, statistics accessed from a device-related

menu (Figure 2-3) are cumulative (as in Figure 2-5)

whereas statistics you see from the main menu are a

NetTool Menus

2-3

“snap shot” of what is going on now for a given device

(Read

Health

later in this chapter).

ahn026s.bmp

Figure 2-5. Health Details

Addresses Used

NetTool displays the best-discovered name on the PC as

well as the IP, IPX, and MAC address of the PC.

ahn025s.bmp

Figure 2-6. Addresses Used

Servers Used

This area shows the network resources the PC is using,

including HTTP, SMTP, POP, WINS, Nearest NetWare,

DHCP and DNS servers, as well as the router gateway.

ahn014s.bmp

Figure 2-7. Servers Used

NetTool Menus – Setup (NetTool Icon)

Select the NetTool (middle) icon to access Setup

options. The NetTool Setup screen displays (Figure 2-8).

ahn027s.bmp

Figure 2-8. NetTool Setup ahn029s.bmp

Figure 2-9. NetTool

Settings

Access Settings (Figure 2-9) to:

⇒ Check the battery level . The battery level

indicator displays while you navigate through the

Setup screens as long as you are running on battery

power.

⇒ Select feet or meters.

NetTool

Users Manual

2-4

⇒ Enable/disable Auto Off. If you leave the unit on

without touching any keys for more than 10 minutes,

Auto Off automatically shuts the unit down to save

battery power.

⇒ Adjust the display contrast. Highlight and press

Select to decrease contrast or to increase it.

⇒ Set Time/Date…Highlight each number comprising

the time or date display and change each number

individually using the up or down arrow key. Use

the right or left arrow key to move the cursor over.

Press Select after you change all the numbers.

NetTool Time format is

HOUR:MINUTES:SECONDS. Date format is

MONTH:DAY:YEAR. The clock does not self

adjust for local time zones changes. NetTool

Blaster allows you to set the time for the NetTool

and even synch it with the PC clock (check the Help

for Blaster for details).

⇒ Select Restore Defaults to restore all factory

settings. If you have not changed any settings,

NetTool displays Defaults Restored and no action

is required.

More NetTool Setup Options

Other setup options include:

Unwanted Protocols

IP Setup

Ping List Editor

Language

About NetTool

⇒ Select Unwanted Protocols to specify protocols that

NetTool will warn you are present on the network.

This helps in situations like a network-wide migration

away from certain protocols. If NetTool sees them, it

reports them in the Problem Log.

⇒ Choose IP Setup to configure your NetTool to ping

(read the

Toolkit

IP Setup

section for details).

⇒ Access the Ping List Editor to view, edit, or add to

the lists of preset IP addresses that you have

previously downloaded using NetTool Toolkit. The

editor enables you to add to an existing list or edit an

existing IP address within a list.

Select one of the lists by highlighting the list name

then pressing Select. Select Add New Device to add

an IP address to that list. To edit an existing address,

select it then change any of the octets within the

address.

⇒ Choose Language. Select a language from the

available choices. Keeping your NetTool updated

ensures access to new languages as they become

available.

NetTool Menus

2-5

⇒ View software and hardware details. Select About

NetTool to view the serial number, MAC address, and

revision information. Be sure to record the serial

number and MAC address of your NetTool for future

reference.

NetTool Menus - Network

The Network icon displays on the left or right

depending on where you connected the cable. Highlight

the Network icon and press Select to view network

activity (Figure 2-10).

ahn200s.bmp

Figure 2-10. Network Menu

Link Config: (described in the PC section)

Health: (described in the PC section)

Protocols: (described in the Protocols section)

Segment ID: If there are multiple Ethernet drops, knowing

the Segment ID tells you which jack to use for the correct

configuration.

Link and Cable Information

Notice the link and cable information between the device

icons in Figure 2-11. Note the duplex settings and link

speeds that are underlined. The underline signifies a

determined or negotiated result while the non-underlined

value signifies the advertised value.

ahn020s.bmp

Figure 2-11. Top Area

Duplex Settings

NetTool

provides duplex settings for each device,

advertised or collision-determined. Duplex mismatches

can impede communication between devices.

Full Duplex

Half Duplex

Link Level and Polarity: Polarity is displayed via

waveform shaped icons as shown in Table 2-1.

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Table 2-1. Link and Polarity Level

Indicator Definition

Normal level, normal polarity

Normal level, reverse polarity

Low level, normal polarity

Low level, reverse polarity. Link level is

displayed by the height of the waveform.

Cable Status

NetTool shows you the status of the

cables connected to it below the Setup

icon and detects whether the cables are

straight or swapped. NetTool sees a

swap cable problem and swaps it

internally, allowing you to troubleshoot

past a simple swap cable problem.

NetTool Main Menu

The main menu items are your starting point. View

NetTool’s discovery screens to resolve connectivity

problems. The results are displayed in the top area and

within the discovery screens accessed from the main

menu.

AutoTest

⇒ Plug NetTool inline between the PC and the

network.

⇒ Power up the PC.

⇒ Select AutoTest. The sample results shown in

Figure 2-13 reflect NetTool connected inline

between a PC and a network hub.

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Figure 2-12. AutoTest

NetTool Menus

2-7

ahn202s.bmp

Figure 2-13. AutoTest Results

⇒ Select the PC or Network icon for more link

configuration information, health, Segment ID, and

for PCs, address and server information.

Problems

ahn203s.bmp

Figure 2-14. Problems

ahn204s.bmp

Figure 2-15. Problem Log

⇒ Select Problems to view the Problem Log. The

Problem Log provides a concise list of all problems

detected, from physical layer to application layer

problems. You can think of problems fitting into two

categories: Link Connectivity level and Network

level. Read Chapter 3 for full descriptions of

problems and general troubleshooting tips.

Protocols

ahn205s.bmp

Figure 2-16. Protocols ahn206s.bmp

Figure 2-17. Protocol List

⇒ Select Protocols to view the protocols seen on the

desktop or network (Figure 2-17). This can be very

useful for finding protocol configuration mismatches.

⇒ View details by highlighting any protocol listed and

pressing Select. Figure 2-18 shows an example of

IP Protocols. The icons listed on each side

represent the device (i.e., PC, network) and whether

that given protocol is running on that device. Table

1-2 lists the protocols that NetTool can discover.

ahn207s.bmp

Figure 2-18. IP Protocols

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Key Devices

ahn208s.bmp

Figure 2-19. Key Devices

ahn209s.bmp

Figure 2-20. Key Device List

⇒ Select Key Devices to view all the servers, routers,

and printers NetTool has found on the network

(Figure 2-20). NetTool always attempts to display

the highest level address possible for that device,

be it a NetBIOS name, DNS name, IP address or

Mac address. This helps you determine which

services or servers exist on the network.

⇒ The list of devices can be invaluable in

troubleshooting because it verifies whether a device

is seen on the network. This helps pinpoint where a

configuration problem may exist. NetTool Toolkit

Select Toolkit to access Health statistics, Ping features,

and the Reporter option.

ahn210s.bmp

Figure 2-21. Main Menu

ahn211s.bmp

Figure 2-22. Toolkit Menu

Health

⇒ This feature enables you to segment problems.

After you select Health from the main menu, you

can view the health of frames and simultaneously

check each side of the connection for healthy

frames in real time (Figure 2-24).

⇒ Use the navigational buttons and press Select on

any item within the screen to change the view. For

example, selecting Util changes the view to

broadcast traffic, collision levels, or errors coming

from either device to which NetTool is connected.

NetTool Menus

2-9

ahn212s.bmp

Figure 2-23. Health

ahn213s.bmp

Figure 2-24. Health Display

⇒ You can also highlight the device in the upper right

or left to change what NetTool is viewing in real time

and the direction (to/from network or to/from PC).

This enables you to make comparisons. For

example, you may see a high percentage of network

utilization and the PC is also registering high

utilization. You can segment what the PC is doing

to contribute to that large number by highlighting

Util and pressing Select (broadcasts, errors, etc.).

⇒ Highlight the reading below a meter and press

Select to view the data expressed as “per second”

(frames broadcasts, errors, etc.) or as a percentage

of current activity.

Note

If you exit the Health display and return later

without powering down, NetTool displays the

“last-saved” settings. If you power down NetTool

while viewing the Health display, the readings will

not be saved. Access Setup screen and select

Restore Defaults to restore factory settings.

Ping

Note

The Ping option only works in single-ended

mode. If you want to ping and are in inline mode

you will see . Disconnect one of the RJ-

45 cables from the NetTool and then rerun

AutoTest.

In order to use all of the functions of the Ping

option, make sure you install the NetTool Toolkit

software on your PC so NetTool can

communicate with your PC via the serial

connection.

IP Setup

⇒ Currently, by default and “out-of-the-box,” NetTool

uses DHCP to configure itself. If you have DHCP on

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2-10

your network, there is no need to further configure

NetTool.

⇒ Choose Manual or DHCP IP configuration by

selecting the IP Setup icon (wrench) and

accessing the IP Setup screen. You can also do this

using NetTool’s Setup function.

⇒ If you select Manual then go back to DHCP, the IP

address is acquired after you select that option and

any subsequent time you access the IP Setup

screen. NetTool uses DHCP protocol to acquire an IP

address then uses the address according to DHCP

rules.

ahn214sbmp ahn215s.bmp

⇒ Selecting Manual configuration enables you to

statically assign to your NetTool an IP address that

complies with your network’s addressing scheme.

This applies if your network does not use DHCP or if

for whatever reason you want to manually configure it.

⇒ Using the down arrow key, highlight the address you

wish to configure (in this case NetTool) then press

Select.

⇒ On the Edit screen use the up and down arrow keys

to enter each number of the IP address one at a time

(right and left arrow keys move the cursor over) until

you enter the whole address.

⇒ Press Select after you have entered a valid IP

address for your NetTool. NetTool then lists the

updated address with the subnet and router IP

addresses. In like manner, you will need to configure

the subnet mask and router addresses. NetTool

assists you by entering the first parts of those

addresses based on common addressing rules.

Make the final corrections to those addresses as you

did the NetTool IP address before you proceed with

other tasks.

Note

For manual configuration, make sure any IP

address you assign to your NetTool is correct for

the subnet you are on.

Pinging a Single Device

From the main menu select Toolkit then Ping to access

NetTool’s ping function. You can ping one IP address or a

set (Ping Catalog) of addresses that you define using

NetTool Toolkit.

NetTool Menus

2-11

⇒ To ping a single

device, select Add

New Device.

⇒ Enter the address and

press Select.

NetTool pings the

device and adds it to

a running list (up to

10) of recently pinged

devices. The IP

address pinged

longest ago will drop

off the list after the

tenth address.

⇒ If you need to ping

any address, highlight

it and press Select.

ahn216s.bmp

ahn217s.bmp

ahn218s.bmp

Ping Catalog

The Ping Catalog function enables you to uses lists of IP

addresses grouped based on your network configuration.

You create the grouping using NetTool Toolkit, the PC-

based software that came with your purchase. You can

keep lists of common groups of IP addresses (i.e.,

Marketing, Customer Support, First Floor, etc.). Check out

the online help for NetTool Toolkit to learn how to set up

and use the Ping List feature.

After defining and uploading the lists using NetTool Toolkit

PC software, NetTool displays the catalogs using the

names you gave them.

⇒ Select Ping Catalog

from the Toolkit

menu.

⇒ Select one of the

catalogs by

highlighting it then

pressing Select.

The list of IP

address displays

with a status icon to

the left. Ping results

display when you

highlight and select

one of the IP

addresses.

⇒ To ping the list of IP

addresses again

highlight and select

Restart.

ahn219s.bmp

ahn220s.bmp

ahn221s.bmp

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2-12

⇒ Check

NetTool

Setup

to see how to

edit a list of

addresses.

Running

Ping Complete

Problem with the ping. Corresponds with

the severity level of problems.

Low - one packet lost.

Medium - two packets lost.

High - three packets lost or device not

found.

3-1

Chapter 3

Problems

Introduction

Select Problems (Figure 3-1) from the main menu to

view the Problem Log. The Problem Log (Figure 3-2)

provides a concise list of all problems detected, from

physical layer to application layer problems.

ahn300s.bmp

Figure 3-1. Problems

Each type of problem has an icon associated with it. For

example, health-related problems are represented by a

stethoscope icon. As you see problems, you will

become familiar with the associated icons that display.

ahn301s.bmp

Figure 3-2. Problem Log

More importantly, you should understand that just

because something is listed in the Problem Log does not

necessarily indicate a catastrophic problem. For

example, Unwanted Protocols are listed in the Problem

Log but they are not a major impediment to the operation

of the PC on the network.

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3-2

Problem Display

The problem display area consists of these elements from

left to right: Problem Type, Problem Severity, Problem ID,

and Problem Text.

Sample problem

→

Problem type Naming

Health (Util)

Server

Host

Cable

Connectivity

Link

Configuration

Network

Problem Severity Low Medium High

Problem ID A problem ID is associated with

each problem that helps you

reference the problem. Check the

online Users Manual to see a text

description linked with the numeric

code.

Problem Text This area contains a concise

description of the problem found.

You can think of problems fitting into one of two

categories, Link Connectivity or Network level. Link

Connectivity problems relate to cabling or cabling

properties. Network problems are those involving

PC/network configuration settings or PC to server

interactions.

Generally, network problems you encounter in setting up

or changing a PC’s connection to the network can be

resolved by checking the network settings area on the PC.

In single-ended mode, NetTool can only report Unwanted

Protocols and link connectivity level problems. Inline

mode is required for all other problems. Read Chapter 1,

Overview

, for an explanation of these two modes.

The great thing about NetTool is that it enables you to see

which side the problem lies, between the PC and NetTool

or between NetTool and the network itself. Whether it is a

Problems

Link Connectivity Problems

3-3

cabling problem or a protocol mismatch, NetTool helps

you isolate a problem and keep things running.

The following section lists the problems that NetTool can

detect. Each problem is explained in more detail (if

needed) and a possible Remedy is listed. Every network

is complex and the remedy listed is meant to help you

start troubleshooting. This is not an exhaustive

troubleshooting guide.

Link Connectivity Problems

These problems involve cabling or cabling properties and

are classified as follows:

Problem:

Speed mismatch

Explanation: The network is running at 10 Mbps and the

PC is running at 100 (or vice versa). This problem

prevents connection to the network.

Remedy: Correct the speed mismatch by making sure

both devices are running at the same speed.

Problem:

Pair mismatch

Explanation: Link pulse is being sourced on the same

wire pair by both sides. This problem does not prevent

connection to the network. NetTool automatically swaps

the pairs to correct this problem.

Remedy: Check cabling. It could be plugged into an

uplink port. Also, there could be a crossover cable

between NetTool and the device.

Problem:

Duplex mismatch

Explanation: One side is running at half duplex and the

other is running full duplex. This problem prevents

connection to the network.

Remedy: Reconfigure the devices so the duplex settings

match.

Problem:

Polarity reversed

Explanation: The polarity of the detected link pulse is

reversed.

Remedy: There is most likely a pair reversed. Check

cabling to ensure the pairing is corrected.

Problem:

Level low

Explanation: The link pulse detected from a device is low.

This can negatively affect performance.

Remedy: Replace the NIC card or change hub/switch

ports. This could also be caused by excessive cable

attenuation.

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Problem:

Transmit pair open

Explanation: The wire pair used for transmit (1,2 or 3,6)

has an open. This problem prevents connection to the

network.

Remedy: Isolate the cable and replace it.

Network Problems

This section lists all the network problems with a brief

explanation of each problem. Also listed are some basic

corrective steps you can take for each problem (if

applicable). Keep in mind this is not an exhaustive list of

troubleshooting steps. If you know what you need, the

network administrator for the network you are

troubleshooting can provide you with a lot of information to

correct these problems.

Health

Problem:

Short Frames received (also jabber/FCS).

Explanation: Short Frame is a frame smaller than the

minimum legal size (less than 64 bytes after the preamble)

with a good frame check sequence. Jabber is defined as

frames longer than the maximum legal size (greater than

1518 bytes). Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Bad means

the header information is probably correct but the

checksum calculated by the receiving station does not

match the checksum appended to the end of the frame.

Remedy: Check NIC card or NIC driver file. This could

also be caused by cabling or grounding problems.

Problem:

Excessive utilization seen (also collisions).

Explanation: Excessive utilization/collisions is defined as

a collision rate of greater than 5 percent or a utilization

rate of greater than 70 percent.

Remedy: If this problem exists everywhere on the

network, it is most likely caused by excessive traffic. If it is

isolated to one PC, you can suspect cabling. For

collisions, suspect excessive traffic. Reduce traffic on the

network. Check cabling. Change the NIC card or

switch/hub port. For utilization, reduce the number of

stations in the collision domain. Install a switch. Use a

tool like the Fluke LanMeter, OneTouch Network

Assistant, or Protocol Inspector to determine the top

contributors to further segment this network.

Problems

Network Problems

3-5

NetWare

Problem:

Ethernet frame-type mismatches.

Explanation: In order for the PC and network to

communicate they both must be configured for the same

frame type (802.3-raw, 802.2, Ethernet II, and SNAP).

You can configure a client for a single frame type. A

server can optionally be configured to recognize some or

all frame types.

Remedy: Use NetTool to determine the frame types used.

If the client is suspected, determine the frame type of the

client. Determine frame types enabled on server.

Problem:

No nearest server replies seen on network.

Explanation: After a PC boots up it sends a broadcast to

initiate a connection with the closest server. If after three

attempts there is not response, this problem is listed in the

problem log.

Remedy: Ensure that GNS (Get Nearest Server) is

enabled on the server and check connectivity to routers by

doing an IPX ping with a Fluke LanMeter or OneTouch

Network Assistant. Check the Key Devices list. If the

routers are listed then NetTool is seeing the routers but

the PC is not. You might suspect a bad NIC card or NIC

card configuration file.

Problem:

No first responder seen on network. Unable

to configure PC network number.

Explanation: During boot up, a PC running IPX sends a

query to the router asking for its network number. If after

3 queries there is no response, this problem is listed in the

problem log.

Remedy: Check connectivity from the PC to the network

drop.

TCP/IP

Problem:

PC using incorrect IP subnet mask.

Explanation: NetTool has determined that the PC is not

properly configured.

Remedy: Access PC network properties and correct the

IP subnet mask.

Problem: Router issued ICMP redirect.

Hosts or

devices using incorrect gateway/routers.

Explanation: NetTool has determined that the PC is not

properly configured.

Remedy: Access PC network properties and correct the

IP address. You should also make sure the DHCP server

is giving the correct addresses.

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3-6

Problem:

Duplicate IP detected.

Explanation: NetTool has detected a duplicate IP address

configured on a remote device. You should never have

duplicate IPs running on the network. This problem

prevents the PC from connecting to the network until it is

resolved.

Remedy: Identify at least one of the devices and change

its address to a valid one that is not being used.

Host Configuration

Problem:

BootP/DHCP server not responding.

Explanation: The PC is dynamically configured to find

DHCP servers and none are found.

Remedy: Check the router and the DHCP server itself to

make sure they are running. Either could be

misconfigured. Check connectivity to the DHCP server.

Problem:

DHCP server issuing IP address that causes

duplicate IP on network.

Explanation: The DHCP server in question is not

detecting an address and is provisioning a duplicate.

Remedy: This could be caused by a statically configured

PC. Find the statically configured PC on the network and

changes its IP address to a valid and unique IP address.

Merging two unique networks into one could lead to this

type of problem. It could also point to a DHCP server

problem or an implementation bug.

Name Resolution

Problem:

No DNS server found on network to resolve

names.

Explanation: The PC is configured to use DNS (Domain

Name Server) and none can be found.

Remedy: Make sure the DNS server is up and running.

Access PC network properties and make sure settings are

correct.

Problem:

DNS resolution failed.

Explanation: There are multiple DNS servers on the

network and the PC is configured for the wrong one.

Remedy: Find out the correct DNS information, access

PC network properties and configure the PC with that

information.

Problem:

WINS resolution failed.

Explanation: The DNS server cannot determine the

NetBIOS names.

Remedy: You can manually fix this problem in the DNS

configuration section of network properties.

Problems

Network Problems

3-7

Problem:

Incorrect WINS server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

configured on PC.

Explanation: There are multiple WINS servers on the

network and the PC is configured for the wrong one.

Remedy: Find out the correct WINS information, access

PC network properties and configure the PC with that

information.

Problem:

No WINS server found on network to resolve

names.

Explanation: The PC is configured to use WINS

(Windows Internet Name Service) and none can be found.

Remedy: Make sure the WINS server is up and running.

Access PC network properties.

Problem:

PC WINS incorrect.

Explanation: NetTool sees a WINS server on the network

but not the one configured on the PC in question.

Remedy: View the details of the WINS server by

accessing the Key Devices list. Change the PC

configuration to match.

NetBIOS

Problem:

Incorrect Workgroup or Domain configured on

PC.

Explanation: There are specific names and privileges

needed for access to domains or workgroups. The name

is incorrectly configured or privileges are not set up.

Remedy: Make sure what domain names and privileges

are required and correct the PC configuration.

Problem:

Unable to find Primary Domain Controller

(PDC) for network.

Explanation: These domain controllers act as

gatekeepers for domain access. If one of them isn’t found

on the network, then no access can be granted.

Remedy: Various

Problem:

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx causing duplicate NetBIOS

name.

Explanation: Only one unique NetBIOS name is allowed

on a domain.

Remedy: The name specified on the PC needs to be

changed to eliminate duplication.

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Problem:

PC involved in MB elections.

Explanation: NetTool sees packets from the PC that are

generating master browser elections on the network. This

can be the source of excessive traffic and slow

performance.

Remedy: Take preventive measures within the PC

configuration to stop the PC from generating Master

Browser elections.

Web

Problem:

Unable to connect to HTTP/proxy server.

Explanation: The standard proxy port is 1080. The HTTP

port is 80 on the server.

Remedy: Correct the naming or port assignments in the

setup area of the web browser software.

Problem:

Unable to connect to SMTP mail server.

Explanation: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

server information is either not configured or configured

incorrectly on the PC. The server itself could be down as

well.

Remedy: Access NetTool’s Key Devices list to view

information about this server and then make corrections

within the mail setup area of the PC.

Problem:

Unable to connect to POP2 server.

Explanation: The PC cannot find the POP2 server it is

configured to find. The server itself could be down as well.

Remedy: Access NetTool’s Key Devices list to view

information about this server then make corrections within

the mail setup area of the PC.

Problem:

Unable to connect to POP3 server

Explanation: The PC cannot find the POP3 server it is

configured to find. The server itself could be down as well.

Remedy: Access NetTool’s Key Devices list to view

information about this server then make corrections within

the mail setup area of the PC.

Problem:

Unable to connect to IMAP server.

Explanation: The PC cannot find the IMAP server it is

configured to find. The server itself could be down as well.

Remedy: The IMAP server information is either not

configured or configured incorrectly on the PC. Access

NetTool’s Key Devices list to view information about this

server.

Problems

Network Problems

3-9

Printer

Problem:

Unable to connect to IP print spool server.

Explanation: NetTool is detecting that the PC is not able

to connect the configured IP printer server. The server

itself could be down as well.

Remedy: Access NetTool’s Key Devices list to view a list

of IP printers and correct the problem in the printer setup

area on the PC.

Problem:

Unable to connect to IP print spooler.

Explanation: The print spooler configuration on the PC is

either incorrect or the spooler itself is down or offline.

Remedy: Check the spooler itself and then access

NetTool’s Key Devices list to view a list of IP devices and

correct the problem in the printer setup area on the PC.

Unwanted protocols (when enabled)

The purpose of the Unwanted Protocols feature is to

enable you to find protocols that you do not want on the

network. For example, if you have migrated away from

NetWare on the network, NetTool will flag a device that

still has NetWare configured on it.

Problem:

NetBEUI detected

Problem:

WINs detected

Problem:

NetWare detected

Problem:

MB (master browser) election detected

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3-10

Appendices

Appendix Title Page

A Specifications................................................................................................................. A-1

B Basic Maintenence ........................................................................................................ B-1

C Glossary......................................................................................................................... C-1

A-1

Appendix A

Specification

General Specifications

Media Access 10Base-T and 100Base-TX.

Cable Tests Internal wiremap, cable length, opens,

shorts, and split pairs.

Ports Shielded Hub/NIC connector (RJ-45).

Serial port – customized 2.5mm

“stereo” input jack.

Interface Push button navigation of icon/menu-

driven view.

Battery Removable alkaline batteries or

optional rechargeable NiMH

batteries.

Dimensions 12.5 cm x 7.8 cm x 4.3 cm

Weight 0.21 kg (0.46 lbs).

Warranty One year. (Extended warranty

available).

LED Indicators (4) 2 on each side (Link, Utilization,

Collision, and Error).

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A-2

Environmental Requirements

Operating Temperature 10 °C to 30 °C with up to 95 % Relative Humidity

10 °C to 40 °C with up to 75 % Relative Humidity

Non-Operating

Temperature -20 °C to +60 °C

Approvals The Fluke NetTool has the following approvals: European Standard EN

60950, CSA/CAN C22.2 No. 950, and UL 1950.

Approvals (Accessories) The optional Universal AC Adapter for NetTool has UL, CSA, and TÜV

approvals or other approvals valid in the USA, Canada, and Europe.

Electromagnetic

Interference The Fluke NetTool complies with European standard EN 61326 Class B.

Certifications Complies with European CE directive: EMC directive 89/336/EEC and low

voltage directive 73/23/EEC.

Connection to public

telephone network NetTool should never be connected to the public telephone network.

B-1

Appendix B

Basic Maintenence

Service and Repairs

To locate an authorized service center, visit us on the

World Wide Web at www.flukenetworks.com or call Fluke

Networks using the phone numbers listed:

USA : 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)

Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)

Europe: +31-402-678-200

Japan: +81-3-3434-0181

Singapore: +65-738-5655

Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-4519

For operating assistance in the USA, call

1-800-258-5853.

Maximizing Battery Life

The life of batteries is strongly influenced by the care that

they receive.

The greatest enemy of batteries is heat. When using the

optional rechargeable batteries, avoid charging them

when they are hot.

The battery life will also be shortened if you frequently

leave the NetTool in a hot place, such as a car on a warm

day, and then charge the batteries immediately upon

returning to your office.

Cleaning the Display

Clean the screen by wiping it gently with a soft cloth or

tissue moistened with isopropyl alcohol.

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B-2

C-1

Appendix C

Glossary

10BASE2

Sometimes called ThinLAN or CheaperNet, 10BASE2 is

the implementation of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard

on thin coaxial cable. The maximum segment length is

185 meters.

10BASE5

Sometimes called ThickLAN, 10BASE5 is the

implementation of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard on

thick coaxial cable. The maximum segment length is 500

meters.

10BASEF

A point-to-point fiber link. This is the draft specification for

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet over fiber optic cable.

10BASE-T

10BASE-T is the implementation of the IEEE 802.3

Ethernet standard on unshielded twisted-pair wiring. It is

a star topology, with stations directly connected to a multi-

port Hub, and it has a maximum cable length of 100

meters.

100BASE-TX

100BASE-TX is the implementation of the IEEE 802.3u

Ethernet standard on two pairs of unshielded twisted-pair

wiring. It is a star topology with a maximum cable length

of 100 meters. The maximum network diameter is 205

meters with two class II repeaters.

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C-2

802.2

This IEEE standard specifies Logical Link Control (LLC),

which defines services for the transmission of data

between two stations at the data-link layer of the OSI

model.

802.3

Often called Ethernet, this IEEE standard governs the

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

(CSMA/CD) networks. Typical cabling standards are

10BASE-T, 10BASE2, and 10BASE5.

Access Method

The set of rules by which the network determines what

node has access to the network. The two most popular

access methods are Carrier Sense Multiple

Access/Collision Detection (Ethernet) and token passing

(Token Ring and ARCNET).

Anomaly

An impedance discontinuity causing an undesired signal

reflection on a transmission cable.

AppleTalk

AppleTalk is a networking protocol primarily used for

communications between Macintosh computers and

Apple printers. The AppleTalk network is segmented into

zones.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A member of the TCP/IP protocol suite, ARP is the

method by which a station’s MAC address is determined

given a station’s IP (Internet Protocol) address.

Attenuation

A reduction in the strength of a signal; the opposite of

gain.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the rate at which data can be transmitted

over a channel, measured in bits per second. For

example, Ethernet has a 10 Mbps bandwidth and FDDI

has a 100 Mbps bandwidth. Actual throughput is almost

always less than the theoretical maximum.

BPS

Bits per second. A measure of speed or raw data rate.

Often combined with metric prefixes as in kbps (for

thousands of bits per second) or Mbps (for millions of bits

per second).

Bridge (Switch)

A device that links two or more networks that use the

same OSI Data Link protocol. A bridge evaluates source

and destination addresses to pass only frames that have

a destination on the connecting network.

Appendices

Glossary

C-3

Broadcast

A message that is addressed to all stations on a network.

For Ethernet networks, the MAC broadcast address is

FFFFFFFFFFFF.

Broadcast Storm

A situation in which a large number of stations are

transmitting broadcast packets. This typically results in

severe network congestion. This problem is usually a

result of a misconfiguration.

Bus Topology

A bus topology is a network architecture in which all of

the nodes simultaneously receive network traffic. Ethernet

is a bus topology.

Byte

A collection of bits. A byte usually contains 8 bits.

Characteristic impedance

Characteristic impedance is the opposition (resistance

and reactance) to signal propagation on a cable. It

depends on the physical properties of a cable, which are

determined at the time of manufacture. Manufacturing

variations can cause slight differences in characteristic

impedance for the same cable type.

Client

A client is a computer that make requests of a server. A

client has only one user; a server is shared by many

users.

Collision

A collision is the result of two or more nodes transmitting

at the same time. Excessive collisions are most often

caused by a problem with the physical media.

Crossed Pair

A wiring error in twisted pair cabling in which a pair on

one connector of the cable is wired to a different pair on

the other end of the cable.

Crosstalk

Crosstalk is electrical interference generated by signal

coupling between wires in a multiwire cable.

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with

Collision Detection)

In CSMA/CD, each node or station has equal access to

the network. Before transmitting, each station waits until

the network is not busy. Since each node has equal

access to the network, a collision (two stations

transmitting at the same time) can occur. If a collision

occurs, the affected nodes will wait a random time to

retransmit. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method.

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dBm

Decibels below 1 mW (1 milliwatt). The logarithmic

measure of the ratio of the output power of a signal to an

input signal of 1 mW.

DECnet

Digital Equipment Corporation’s set of communication

protocols for networking computers.

Destination Address

The address of the station receiving a frame.

DNS

Domain Name Services provides a mechanism that

allows users to remember logical machine names rather

than IP addresses. DNS provides mapping between a

machine name (e.g., www.fluke.com) and its IP address

(e.g., xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx).

EIA568

Electronic Industries Association Commercial Building

Telecommunications Wiring Standard. Specifies

maximum cable lengths, installation practices, and

performance specifications for generic building wiring.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the method of placing one protocol into

another protocol’s format. For example, in a Novell

Ethernet environment there are four different methods to

encapsulate IPX in Ethernet/802.3 frames: 802.3 raw,

802.2, Ethernet II, and SNAP.

Ethernet

Ethernet is a 10 Mbps topology that runs over thick coax,

thin coax, twisted-pair, and fiber-optic cabling systems.

EtherTalk

EtherTalk is the AppleTalk network protocol running over

the Ethernet network transport.

Fast Ethernet

Industry standard terminology for 100Base-T. Industry

groups do not agree on using the term to refer to 100VG-

AnyLAN; some call 100VG-AnyLAN a Fast Ethernet

technology while others do not.

FCS (Frame Check Sequence)

A field transmitted in LAN frames that encodes error

checking information.

Appendices

Glossary

C-5

Frame

A frame is a unit of data transmission divided into groups

of bits. The header and a check sequence form the

frame.

Full-Duplex

10Base-T and 100Base-TX network operation using a

switching Hub to establish a point-to-point connection

between LAN nodes that allows simultaneous sending

and receiving of data packets. Full-duplex performance is

twice that of half-duplex performance. A 10Base-T full-

duplex network is capable of 20 Mb/s data throughput,

while a full-duplex 100Base-TX network is capable of 200

Mb/s throughput.

Half-Duplex

Network operation is one direction at a time only; either

sending or receiving data packets, but not both at the

same time.

Hops

Most commonly defined as the number of routers traveled

by a frame to reach its destination.

Hub (Repeater)

Today, most often referred to in 10BASE-T networks. A

10BASE-T Hub is essentially a multiport repeater Hub

with each segment dedicated to a single 10BASE-T

connection.

ICMP (Internet Control and Message Protocol)

A communication protocol used by every device that uses

IP. ICMP reports errors that occur during the delivery of

packets on the network.

IP (Internet Protocol)

IP is the network layer protocol for the TCP/IP suite.

IP Address

An IP address is a series of four numbers separated by

dots (“.”), each of which is between 0 and 255. An IP

address must be unique to a machine or the network will

not be able to properly deliver network information to that

machine. The address is made up of a network number,

a subnet number, and a node number.

IP Network Number

The network number consists of the first two numbers of

a device IP address on a network.

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IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange)

IPX is the network layer protocol for Novell’s NetWare

protocol suite.

Jabber

A frame greater than the maximum legal size (greater

than 1518 bytes) with a good or bad frame check

sequence. In general, you should not see jabbers. The

most likely causes of jabbers are a faulty NIC/driver or

perhaps a cabling problem.

LAN (Local Area Network)

A physical network technology used over short distances

(up to a few thousand meters) to connect many

workstations and network devices using a communication

standard (Token Ring or Ethernet, for example).

Late Collision

A collision that occurs after the first 64 bytes in a frame.

In 10BASE-T networks, late collisions will be seen as

frames with a bad FCS. Causes of Late Collisions are a

faulty NIC or a network that is too long. A too-long

network is one in which the end-to-end signal propagation

time is greater that the minimum legal sized frame.

Layer

One of seven levels in the Open Systems Interconnection

(OSI) reference model. See OSI.

Link Pulse

A single-bit test pulse that is transmitted at least every

150 milliseconds during idle periods on 10BASE-T link

segments to verify link integrity.

Manufacturer Prefix

The standard partial address used to identify a particular

manufacturer. The prefix of the address is predefined

uniquely for each manufacturer, while the remainder of

the address uniquely identifies the station.

Master Browser

The Master Browser maintains the browse list, a list of

all servers in the master browser’s domain or workgroup.

MBPS

Millions of bits per second. See BPS.

Multicast

Packets that are directed to a group of nodes rather than

to a single node or all nodes. This is contrasted to a

broadcast packet, which is directed to all nodes.

Near-end crosstalk; crosstalk between two twisted pairs

measured at the same end of the cable as the disturbing

signal source.

Appendices

Glossary

C-7

NIC (Network Interface Card)

A network interface card is the adapter card that plugs

into a computer to provide a network connection.

Node Number

Node number identifies the device of interest.

NVP (Nominal Velocity of Propagation)

The speed that a pulse travels along a cable, expressed

as a percentage of the speed of light in a vacuum.

Packet

A group of bits in a defined format, containing a data

message that is sent over a network.

Ping

Packet Internet Groper (ping) is a common method of

accessing devices on a network to see if they are active.

Ping sends a packet from one device, attempts to

“bounce” it off another device, and “listens” for a reply. A

successful ping indicates that the network path to that

device (including the routers in between) are up and

functioning.

Protocol

A “language” that a device uses to communicate on a

network. Examples of protocols are: TCP/IP or

AppleTalk.

Primary Domain Controller

A device that manages the common security policy and

user account databases for a group of NetBIOS servers.

The election protocols are such that the primary domain

controller has a tendency to become the master browser.

Remote Collision

A collision that occurs on the other side of a repeater.

Since a 10BASE-T Hub is a multi-port repeater with a

"segment" dedicated to each station, 10BASE-T collisions

are remote collisions.

Repeater

A repeater is a layer-1 device that regenerates and

retimes frames.

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Router or Gateway

A router is a device that connects subnets together. Any

packets destined for a device on a different subnet are

given the subnet’s router. Routing between subnets can

involve multiple routers. A user’s machine must be

configured to know the IP address of the router for its

subnet in order to communicate with machines on other

subnets. Mis-identified gateways are a common problem

for manually configured IP settings.

RJ-45 Connector

A modular connector used for UTP wiring. The RJ-45

connector has eight conductors to accommodate four

pairs of wires, and it has become the dominant connector

used in Ethernet and Token Ring UTP installations.

Router

A router is a network-layer device that connects networks

using like network-layer protocols. Routers can span

different network topologies. For example, a router can

interconnect two IP subnets. For a router to pass traffic,

unlike a bridge, it must be configured for the desired

protocol. Routers are more difficult to configure but offer

greater security.

Runts

Typically defined as a Ethernet frame which is less than

64 bytes. Depending on what device is counting the runts,

the frame check sequence may be good or bad.

SAP (Service Advertising Protocol)

A NetWare protocol used to request and broadcast

information about file servers, print servers, and other

services on a network.

Short Frame

A frame less than the minimum legal size (less than 64

bytes) with a good frame check sequence. In general, you

should not see Short Frames. The mostly likely cause of

a Short Frame is a faulty adapter card or driver.

Signal/Noise Ratio

The ratio of worst-case received signal level to noise level

measured at the receiver input (expressed in dB). The

S/N ratio may be expressed as NEXT(dB) -

Attenuation(dB), provided idle channel background noise

is low. Higher S/N ratios provide better channel

performance.

Appendices

Glossary

C-9

SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol)

An IP protocol that is an extended version of the IEEE

LAN logical link control (LLC) frame. SNAP provides

access to additional protocols and allows vendors to

create their own protocol sub-types.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

TCP/IP implementors, SNMP is part of the TCP/IP

protocol suite. SNMP operates on top of the Internet

Protocol and can manage virtually any network type.

Source Address

The address of the station originating a frame.

Split Pair

The error of using wires from two different twisted pairs.

This error cancels the crosstalk elimination characteristics

of twisted pair wiring and produces crosstalk. Use a

single twisted pair for Transmit and another twisted pair

for Receive to minimize crosstalk.

Subnet

A subnet is a section of the TCP/IP network. Each

subnet has a unique subnet number and is connected to

a router which enables connection to other subnets.

Subnet Number

The subnet number is programmed into the subnet router

and follows the network number in an IP address.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol)

TCP/IP is the protocol suite originally developed by the

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to

interconnect a research network. It later evolved into the

Internet. The TCP/IP is an open standard not owned by

any particular organization. The term TCP/IP is often

used to refer to the entire suite of related protocols that

includes IP, FTP, Telnet, RIP.

Topology

Topology is the organization of network components. The

topology of Token Ring network components is a ring.

Transport

Transport refers to the physical method by which data is

transmitted (e.g., Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.). Different

physical network hardware and cable layout are required

for different transports.

Uptime

The amount of uninterrupted time that a resource (such

as a print server) has been available.

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Transceiver

In Ethernet networks, a transceiver is used to couple

electrical signals to and from an adapter to the

transmission media. In ThinLAN and 10BASE-T

networks, the transceiver is integrated directly onto the

network adapter card.

Twisted Pair

A pair of wires that are twisted together to minimize

crosstalk. Crosstalk is minimized with twisted pair wiring

by canceling the magnetic fields generated in each of the

twisted wires. Twisted pair cable (UTP or STP) is typically

made up of several twisted pairs of wires.

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

Cable that is twisted by pairs but not shielded. This

minimizes crosstalk by canceling the magnetic fields

generated in each of the twisted wires, but only when a

single twisted pair is used for Transmit or Receive

Index

—A—

A/C Adapter, 1-4

AutoTest, 2-6

—B—

Backlight

Enabling, 1-5

Batteries

Inserting, 1-5

Rechargeable, 1-4

Battery Life

Maximizing, B-1

Buttons and Indicator Lights, 1-5

—C—

Cable

Status, 2-6

Testing, 1-8

Cable

Serial, 1-4

CD-ROM

Contents, 1-4

—D—

Devices

Key, 2-8

Duplex Settings, 2-5

—E—

Problems, 3-8

Environmental Requirements, A-2

Equipment

Optional, 1-4

Supplied, 1-4

—F—

Features, 1-3

Firmware, version, 1-4

—H—

Health

Network, 2-8

NetTool

Users Manual

Problems, 3-4

Holster, 1-2

—I—

Icon

Network, 2-5

PC, 2-2

Icons

Top Area, 2-1

Inline Mode

Setup, 1-7

—K—

Key Devices, 2-8

—L—

LEDs

Link, Collision, and Error, 1-6

Link

Level, 2-5

Polarity, 2-5

Link and Cable Information, 2-5

—M—

Maintenance, Instrument, B-1

Manual, Users, 1-4

Main, 2-6

Menus

Navigation, 2-1

Mode

Single-Ended and Inline, 1-7

—N—

Name Resolution

Problems, 3-6

Navigation

Menus, 2-1

NetBIOS

Problems, 3-7

NetTool

Main Menu, 2-6

Menus, 2-1

NetTool

Optional Equipment, 1-4

Supplied Equipment, 1-4

NetWare

Problems, 3-5

Network

Health, 2-8

—O—

Optional Equipment, 1-4

—P—

Polarity

Link, 2-5

Power Supply

Optional Equipment, 1-4

Printer

Problems, 3-9

Problem Log, 3-1

Problems

Viewing, 2-7

Protocols, 2-7

Unwanted, 3-9

—Q—

Quick Reference Guide, 1-4

—R—

Rechargeable Batteries

Optional Equipment, 1-4

Registration, 1-2

Results

AutoTest, 2-7

Index

(continued)

—S—

Screen

Cleaning, B-1

Segment ID, 2-5

Serial Cable, 1-4

Service and repairs, B-1

Service Identification

List of Services, 1-9

Short Frames

Troubleshooting, 3-4

Single-Ended Mode

Setting up, 1-7

Software, version, 1-4

Supplied Equipment, 1-4

—T—

TCP/IP

Problems, 3-5

Testing Cables, 1-8

Top Area

Icons, 2-1

Link and Cable Information, 2-5

Troubleshooting, 3-3

—U—

Unwanted Protocols, 3-9

Updating NetTool, 1-4, 1-10

Users Manual, 1-4

—V—

Version number, software, 1-4

—W—

Wiremap Adapter, 1-4

NetTool

Users Manual

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