PGP® Command Line 10.2 User’s Guide Pgp Cmdline 1020 Users En

User Manual: Command Line - 10.2 - User’s Guide User Guide for PGP Command Line Software, Free Instruction Manual

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About PGP Command Line
- Important Concepts
- Technical Support
Installing
- Install Location
- Supported Platforms
- System Requirements
- Installing on AIX
- Installing on HP-UX
- Installing on Mac OS X
- Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core
- Installing on Solaris
- Installing on Windows
Upgrading
Relocating
Licensing
- Overview
- License Recovery
- Using a License Number
- Using a License Authorization
- Re-Licensing
- Through a Proxy Server
The Command-Line Interface
- Overview
- Flags and Arguments
  - Flags
  - Arguments
- Configuration File
  - Keyserver Configuration File Settings
- Environment Variables
- Standard Input, Output, and Error
  - Redirecting an Existing File
  - Entering Data
    - End-of-File
- Specifying a Key
- 'Secure' Options
First Steps
- Overview
- Creating Your Keypair
- Protecting Your Private Key
- Distributing Your Public Key
  - Posting Your Public Key to a Keyserver
  - Exporting Your Public Key to a Text File
- Getting the Public Keys of Others
  - Finding a Public Key on a Keyserver
  - Importing a Public Key from a Keyserver
- Verifying Keys
Cryptographic Operations
- Overview
- Commands
Key Listings
- Overview
- Commands
Working with Keyservers
- Overview
- Commands
Managing Keys
- Overview
- Commands
Working with Email
- Overview
- Encrypt Email
- Sign Email
- Decrypt Email
- Verify Email
- Annotate Email
Working with a PGP Key Management Server
- Overview
  - New Terms and Concepts
  - Relationship with a PGP KMS
  - Authentication for PGP KMS Operations
- --decrypt
- --encrypt (-e)
- --create-mak
- --export-mak
- --export-mak-pair
  - Export Format
- --import-mak
- --request-cert
- --edit-mak
- --search-mak
- --delete-mak
- --create-mek-series
- --edit-mek-series
- --search-mek-series
- --delete-mek-series
- --create-mek
- --import-mek
- --export-mek
- --edit-mek
- --search-mek
- --create-msd
- --export-msd
- --edit-msd
- --search-msd
- --delete-msd
- --create-consumer
- --search-consumer
- --check-certificate-validity
Miscellaneous Commands
- Overview
- Commands
Options
- Using Options
- Boolean Options
- Integer Options
- Enumeration Options
- String Options
- List Options
- File Descriptors
Lists
- Basic Key List
- Detailed Key List
- Key List in XML Format
  - Elements with fixed settings
  - X.509 Signatures
- Detailed Signature List
Usage Scenarios
- Secure Off-Site Backup
- PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop
- Compression Saves Money
- Surpasses Legal Requirements
Searching for Data on a PGP KMS
- Overview
- Example Searches
  - For Linux and Mac OSX
  - For Windows
- More About Types
Creating a Certificate Signing Request
- About CSRs
- Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line
Codes and Messages
- Messages Without Codes
- Messages With Codes
- Exit Codes
Frequently Asked Questions
- Key Used for Encryption
- "Invalid" Keys
- Maximum File Size
- Programming and Scripting Languages
- File Redirection
- Protecting Passphrases
Quick Reference
- Commands
- Options
- Environment Variables
- Configuration File Variables

PGP® Command Line

User's Guide

10.2

The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Version 10.2.0. Last updated: July 2011.

Legal Notice

Symantec, the Symantec Logo, PGP, Pretty Good Privacy, and the PGP logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation or its

affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

The product described in this document is distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation/reverse engineering.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Symantec Corporation and its licensors, if

any.

THE DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED"AS IS"AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING

ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT

TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. SYMANTEC CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION.

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENTATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

The Licensed Software and Documentation are deemed to be commercial computer software as defined in FAR 12.212 and subject to restricted rights

as defined in FAR Section 52.227-19 "Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights" and DFARS 227.7202, et seq. “Commercial Computer

Software and Commercial Computer Software Documentation”, as applicable, and any successor regulations. Any use, modification, reproduction

release, performance, display or disclosure of the Licensed Software and Documentation by the U.S. Government shall be solely in accordance with

the terms of this Agreement.

Symantec Corporation

350 Ellis Street

Mountain View, CA 94043

Symantec Home Page (http://www.symantec.com)

Printed in the United States of America.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

About PGP Command Line 1

Important Concepts 1

Technical Support 2

Contacting Technical Support 3

Licensing and registration 3

Customer service 3

Support agreement resources 4

Installing 5

Install Location 5

Supported Platforms 6

System Requirements 6

Windows 7 and Vista 7

Windows Server 2008 and 2003 7

Windows XP 8

IBM AIX 9

HP-UX 11i 9

Solaris 9 and 10 9

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, and Fedora Core 10

Mac OS X 10

Installing on AIX 10

Changing the Home Directory on AIX 11

Uninstalling on AIX 12

Installing on HP-UX 12

Changing the Home Directory on HP-UX 13

Installing to a Non-Default Directory on HP-UX 13

Uninstalling on HP-UX 14

Installing on Mac OS X 14

Changing the Home Directory on Mac OS X 15

Uninstalling on Mac OS X 15

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core 15

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core 15

Changing the Home Directory on Linux or Fedora Core 16

Uninstalling on Linux or Fedora Core 17

Installing on Solaris 17

Changing the Home Directory on Solaris 18

Uninstalling on Solaris 19

Installing on Windows 19

PGP Command Line for Windows and PGP Desktop on the Same System 19

To Install on Windows 19

Changing the Home Directory on Windows 20

Uninstalling on Windows 21

ii Contents

Upgrading 23

Relocating 23

Licensing 25

Overview 25

License Recovery 26

Using a License Number 26

Using a License Authorization 27

Re-Licensing 28

Through a Proxy Server 29

The Command-Line Interface 31

Overview 31

Flags and Arguments 32

Flags 33

Arguments 33

Configuration File 36

Keyserver Configuration File Settings 39

Environment Variables 40

Standard Input, Output, and Error 41

Redirecting an Existing File 41

Entering Data 42

Specifying a Key 42

'Secure' Options 43

First Steps 45

Overview 45

Creating Your Keypair 46

Protecting Your Private Key 47

Distributing Your Public Key 48

Posting Your Public Key to a Keyserver 48

Exporting Your Public Key to a Text File 49

Getting the Public Keys of Others 49

Finding a Public Key on a Keyserver 50

Importing a Public Key from a Keyserver 50

Verifying Keys 51

Cryptographic Operations 53

Overview 53

Commands 54

--armor (-a) 54

--clearsign 55

--decrypt 57

Contents

iii

--detached (-b) 59

--dump-packets, --list-packets 60

--encrypt (-e) 61

--export-session-key 64

--list-sda 65

--list-archive 65

--sign (-s) 66

--symmetric (-c) 68

--verify 69

Key Listings 71

Overview 71

Commands 71

--fingerprint 72

--fingerprint-details 72

--list-key-details 74

--list-keys (-l) 75

--list-keys-xml 76

--list-sig-details 76

--list-sigs 77

--list-userids 77

Working with Keyservers 79

Overview 79

Commands 79

--keyserver-disable 79

--keyserver-recv 80

--keyserver-remove 81

--keyserver-search 82

--keyserver-send 82

--keyserver-update 83

Managing Keys 85

Overview 87

Commands 87

--add-adk 87

--add-photoid 88

--add-preferred-cipher 88

--add-preferred-compression-algorithm 89

--add-preferred-email-encoding 89

--add-preferred-hash 90

--add-revoker 90

--add-userid 91

--cache-passphrase 91

--change-passphrase 92

--clear-key-flag 93

--disable 93

--enable 94

--export, --export-key-pair 94

iv Contents

--export-photoid 96

--gen-key 97

--gen-revocation 99

--gen-subkey 100

--get-email-encoding 100

--import 101

--join-key 102

--join-key-cache-only 105

--key-recon-send 106

--key-recon-recv-questions 107

--key-recon-recv 108

--remove 109

--remove-adk 109

--remove-all-adks 110

--remove-all-photoids 110

--remove-all-revokers 110

--remove-expiration-date 111

--remove-key-pair 111

--remove-photoid 111

--remove-preferred-cipher 112

--remove-preferred-compression-algorithm 112

--remove-preferred-email-encoding 113

--remove-preferred-hash 113

--remove-preferred-keyserver 114

--remove-revoker 114

--remove-sig 115

--remove-subkey 115

--remove-userid 116

--revoke 116

--revoke-sig 117

--revoke-subkey 117

--send-shares 118

--set-expiration-date 118

--set-key-flag 119

--set-preferred-ciphers 119

--set-preferred-compression-algorithms 120

--set-preferred-email-encodings 120

--set-preferred-hashes 121

--set-preferred-keyserver 121

--set-primary-userid 122

--set-trust 122

--sign-key 123

--sign-userid 124

--split-key 125

Working with Email 129

Overview 129

Encrypt Email 130

Sign Email 131

Decrypt Email 132

Verify Email 132

Annotate Email 132

Contents

Working with a PGP Key Management Server 135

Overview 136

New Terms and Concepts 136

Relationship with a PGP KMS 137

Authentication for PGP KMS Operations 137

--decrypt 139

--encrypt (-e) 139

--create-mak 140

--export-mak 140

--export-mak-pair 141

Export Format 142

--import-mak 143

--request-cert 144

--edit-mak 144

--search-mak 145

--delete-mak 146

--create-mek-series 147

--edit-mek-series 147

--search-mek-series 148

--delete-mek-series 149

--create-mek 150

--import-mek 150

--export-mek 151

--edit-mek 151

--search-mek 152

--create-msd 153

--export-msd 154

--edit-msd 154

--search-msd 155

--delete-msd 156

--create-consumer 157

--search-consumer 157

--check-certificate-validity 158

Miscellaneous Commands 161

Overview 161

Commands 162

--agent 162

--create-keyrings 162

--help (-h) 163

--license-authorize 163

--purge-all-caches 163

--purge-keyring-cache 163

--purge-passphrase-cache 163

--speed-test 164

--version 164

--wipe 165

--check-sigs 165

--check-userids 165

vi Contents

Options 167

Using Options 167

Boolean Options 168

--alternate-format 168

--annotate 168

--archive 169

--banner 170

--biometric 170

--buffered-stdio 170

--compress, --compression 170

--details 171

--email 171

--encrypt-to-self 172

--eyes-only 172

--fast-key-gen 172

--fips-mode, --fips 173

--force (-f) 173

--halt-on-error 173

--import-certificates 173

--keyring-cache 173

--large-keyrings 174

--license-recover 174

--local-mode 175

--marginal-as-valid 175

--master-key 175

--pass-through 175

--passphrase-cache 176

--photo 176

--quiet (-q) 176

--recursive 176

--reverse-sort, --reverse 176

--sda 177

--skep 177

--text-mode, --text (-t) 177

--truncate-passphrase 178

--verbose (-v) 178

--warn-adk 178

--wrapper-key 178

--xml 178

Integer Options 179

--3des 180

--aes128, --aes192, --aes256 180

--bits, --encryption-bits 180

--blowfish 181

--bzip2 181

--cast5 181

--creation-days 182

--expiration-days 182

--idea 182

--index 183

--keyring-cache-timeout 183

Contents

vii

--keyserver-timeout 183

--md5 184

--passphrase-cache-timeout 184

--partitioned 184

--pgp-mime 185

--ripemd160 185

--sha, --sha256, --sha384, --sha512 186

--signing-bits 187

--skep-timeout 187

--threshold 187

--trust-depth 187

--twofish 188

--wipe-input-passes 188

--wipe-overwrite-passes 188

--wipe-passes 188

--wipe-temp-passes 189

--zip 189

--zlib 189

Enumeration Options 189

--auto-import-keys 189

--cipher 190

--compression-algorithm 191

--compression-level 191

--email-encoding 192

--enforce-adk 192

--export-format 192

--hash 193

--import-format 194

--input-cleanup 194

--key-flag 195

--key-type 195

--manual-import-key-pairs 196

--manual-import-keys 196

--overwrite 196

--sig-type 197

--sort-order, --sort 197

--tar-cache-cleanup 198

--target-platform 198

--temp-cleanup 198

--trust 199

String Options 199

--basic-constraint 199

--city, --common-name, --contact-email, --country 199

--comment 199

--creation-date 200

--default-key 200

--expiration-date 200

--export-passphrase 201

--extended-key-usage 201

--home-dir 201

--key-usage 201

--local-user (-u), --user 202

--license-name, --license-number, --license-organization, --license-email 202

--new-passphrase 203

viii Contents

--organization, --organizational-unit 203

--output (-o) 203

--output-file 204

--passphrase 204

--preferred-keyserver 204

--private-keyring 205

--proxy-passphrase, --proxy-server, --proxy-username 205

--public-keyring 205

--recon-server 206

--regular-expression 206

--random-seed 206

--root-path 207

--share-server 207

--state 207

--status-file 207

--subject-alternative-name 208

--symmetric-passphrase 208

--temp-dir 208

List Options 209

--additional-recipient 209

--adk 209

--input (-i) 209

--question / --answer 210

--keyserver 210

--recipient (-r) 211

--revoker 211

--share 211

File Descriptors 212

--auth-passphrase-fd, auth-passphrase-fd8 212

--export-passphrase-fd, --export-passphrase-fd8 213

--new-passphrase-fd, --new-passphrase-fd8 213

--passphrase-fd 213

--proxy-passphrase-fd, --proxy-passphrase-fd8 214

--symmetric-passphrase-fd, --symmetric-passphrase-fd8 214

Lists 215

Basic Key List 215

The Default Key Column 216

The Algorithm Column 216

The Type Column 217

The Size/Type Column 217

The Flags Column 218

The Key ID Column 219

The User ID Column 219

Detailed Key List 220

Main Key Details 221

Subkey Details 227

ADK Details 229

Revoker Details 230

Key List in XML Format 230

Elements with fixed settings 234

X.509 Signatures 236

Contents

Detailed Signature List 237

Usage Scenarios 243

Secure Off-Site Backup 243

PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop 243

Compression Saves Money 244

Surpasses Legal Requirements 245

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS 247

Overview 247

Operators 248

Types 248

Keyword Listing 248

Example Searches 250

For Linux and Mac OSX 250

For Windows 250

More About Types 251

Time Fields 251

Boolean Values 251

Open PGP Algorithms 252

Open PGP Key Usage Flags 252

Key Modes 252

Creating a Certificate Signing Request 255

About CSRs 255

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line 256

Codes and Messages 259

Messages Without Codes 259

Messages With Codes 260

Parser 260

Keyrings 261

Wipe 262

Encrypt 262

Sign 262

Decrypt 263

Speed Test 263

Key edit 264

Keyserver 269

Key Reconstruction 270

Licensing 271

PGP Universal Server 272

General 272

Exit Codes 280

x Contents

Frequently Asked Questions 283

Key Used for Encryption 283

"Invalid" Keys 283

Maximum File Size 284

Programming and Scripting Languages 285

File Redirection 285

Protecting Passphrases 285

Quick Reference 287

Commands 287

Options 290

Environment Variables 294

Configuration File Variables 295

Index 299

PGP Command Line is a command line product for performing cryptography and key

management tasks. It operate as a stand-alone product that performs those tasks

locally. It can also operate as a client product that interacts PGP Universal Server to

perform those tasks.

With PGP Command Line, you can write command line scripts that use PGP technology

to perform these tasks:

 Encrypt, sign, and decrypt individual files or collections of files

 Create and manage keys on a local keyring

 Access keys on PGP Universal Server and other keyservers

 Manage keys on PGP Universal Server

 Create consumer (user) accounts on PGP Universal Server

 Manage X.509 certificates, including requesting and validating a certificate

 Encrypt, sign, and decrypt email

You can insert PGP Command Line commands into scripts for automating tasks. PGP

Command Line commands are easily added to shell scripts or scripts written with

scripting languages, such as Perl or Python.

For example, consider a company that regularly backs up a large sensitive database to

an off-site location. A script runs automatically to perform the backup. This company

can add PGP Command Line commands to that script to compress and encrypt the

database before transmitting it to the off-site location. It can also add commands to

decrypt and uncompress the database when it arrives at its destination.

In This Chapter

Important Concepts ........................................................................................................ 1

Technical Support ........................................................................................................... 2

Important Concepts

The following concepts are important for you to understand:

 environment variables: Environment variables control various aspects of PGP

Command Line behavior; for example, the location of the PGP Command Line

home directory. Environment variables are established on the computer running

PGP Command Line.

1 About PGP Command Line

2 About PGP Command Line

Technical Support

 configuration file variables: When PGP Command Line starts, it reads the

configuration file, which includes special configuration variables and values for

each variable. These settings affect how PGP Command Line operates.

Configuration file variables can be changed permanently by editing the

configuration file or overridden on a temporary basis by specifying a value for a

configuration file variable on the command line.

 Self-Decrypting Archives (SDAs): PGP Command Line lets you create SDAs,

compressed and conventionally encrypted archives that require a passphrase to

decrypt. SDAs contain an executable for the target platform, which means the

recipient of an SDA does not need to have any PGP software installed to open the

archive. You can thus securely transfer data to recipients with no PGP software

installed. You will have to communicate the passphrase of the SDA to the

recipient, however.

 Additional Decryption Key (ADK): PGP Command Line supports the use of an

ADK, which is an additional key to which files or messages are encrypted, thus

allowing the keeper of the ADK to retrieve data or messages as well as the

intended recipient. Use of an ADK ensures that your corporation has access to all

its proprietary information even if employee keys are lost or become unavailable.

 PGP Zip archives: The PGP Zip feature lets you encrypt/sign groups of files or

entire directories into a single compressed archive file. The archive format is tar

and the supported compression formats are Zip, BZip2, and Zlib.

Technical Support

Symantec Technical Support maintains support centers globally. Technical Support’s

primary role is to respond to specific queries about product features and functionality.

The Technical Support group also creates content for our online Knowledge Base. The

Technical Support group works collaboratively with the other functional areas within

Symantec to answer your questions in a timely fashion. For example, the Technical

Support group works with Product Engineering and Symantec Security Response to

provide alerting services and virus definition updates.

Symantec’s support offerings include the following:

 A range of support options that give you the flexibility to select the right amount

of service for any size organization

 Telephone and/or Web-based support that provides rapid response and up-to-the-

minute information

 Upgrade assurance that delivers software upgrades

 Global support purchased on a regional business hours or 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week basis

 Premium service offerings that include Account Management Services

For information about Symantec’s support offerings, you can visit our Web site at the

following URL:

www.symantec.com/business/support/

All support services will be delivered in accordance with your support agreement and

the then-current enterprise technical support policy.

About PGP Command Line

Technical Support

Contacting Technical Support

Customers with a current support agreement may access Technical Support

information at the following URL:

www.symantec.com/business/support/

Before contacting Technical Support, make sure you have satisfied the system

requirements that are listed in your product documentation. Also, you should be at the

computer on which the problem occurred, in case it is necessary to replicate the

problem.

When you contact Technical Support, please have the following information available:

 Product release level

 Hardware information

 Available memory, disk space, and NIC information

 Operating system

 Version and patch level

 Network topology

 Router, gateway, and IP address information

 Problem description:

 Error messages and log files

 Troubleshooting that was performed before contacting Symantec

 Recent software configuration changes and network changes

Licensing and registration

If your Symantec product requires registration or a license key, access our technical

support Web page at the following URL:

www.symantec.com/business/support/

Customer service

Customer service information is available at the following URL:

www.symantec.com/business/support/

Customer Service is available to assist with non-technical questions, such as the

following types of issues:

 Questions regarding product licensing or serialization

 Product registration updates, such as address or name changes

 General product information (features, language availability, local dealers)

 Latest information about product updates and upgrades

 Information about upgrade assurance and support contracts

4 About PGP Command Line

Technical Support

 Information about the Symantec Buying Programs

 Advice about Symantec's technical support options

 Nontechnical presales questions

 Issues that are related to CD-ROMs or manuals

Support agreement resources

If you want to contact Symantec regarding an existing support agreement, please

contact the support agreement administration team for your region as follows:

Asia-Pacific and Japan customercare_apac@symantec.com

Europe, Middle-East, Africa semea@symantec.com

North America, Latin America supportsolutions@symantec.com

This chapter lists the system requirements for, and tells you how to install PGP

Command Line onto, the supported platforms: AIX, HP-UX, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris,

and Windows. It also includes uninstall instructions.

In This Chapter

Install Location................................................................................................................5

Supported Platforms....................................................................................................... 6

System Requirements..................................................................................................... 6

Installing on AIX............................................................................................................10

Installing on HP-UX......................................................................................................12

Installing on Mac OS X .................................................................................................14

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core ..............................15

Installing on Solaris......................................................................................................17

Installing on Windows..................................................................................................19

Install Location

PGP Command Line uses a specific directory for the application data such as the

configuration file, and a specific directory (called the home directory) for the files it

creates, such as keyring files.

On any UNIX system, the application data and the home directory are identical and

they are configured through the $HOME environment variable. For more information,

refer to the installation instructions for the specific UNIX platform.

On Windows, the application data directory is used to store data such as the

configuration file PGPprefs.xml. The home directory is called “My Documents” and

is used to store keys. These two directories can be named differently, depending on the

specific version on Windows. For more information, see To Install on Windows (on page

19).

Note: You can also use the --home-dir option on the command line to specify a

different home directory. Using this option affects only the command it is used in

and does not change the PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable.

Using --home-dir on the command line overrides the current setting of the

PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable.

2 Installing

6 Installing

Supported Platforms

You can install PGP Command Line on these platforms:

 Windows XP Professional 32-bit (including Service Pack 2 or 3), Windows XP

Professional 64-bit (including Service Pack 2 or 3), Windows Vista 32-bit and 64-

bit (including Service Pack 2), Windows 7 32-bit and 64-bit (including Service Pack

1), Windows Server 2003 32-bit and 64-bit (including Service Pack 1 or 2),

Windows Server 2008 32-bit (including Service Pack 1 and 2), Windows Server

2008 R2 64-bit

 HP-UX 11i and above (PA-RISC 32-bit and Itanium2 32-bit)

 IBM AIX 5.3 (Technology Levels supported by IBM; as of July 2011, TL 11 and

greater) and 6.1 (TL 4 and greater) PowerPC

 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 (x86 and x86_64), Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 (x86

and x86_64), and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0 (x86 and x86_64)

 SLES (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server) 10 SP2 (x86)

 Solaris 9 (SPARC, 32-bit), Solaris 10 (SPARC, 32-bit), Solaris 10 (x86), Solaris 10

(x86_64)

 Apple Mac OS X 10.5.x (x86) and Mac OS X 10.6.x (x86)

Note: These platforms are no longer supported: Windows 2000, Red Hat Enterprise

Linux 5.0, SLES (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server) 9, Sun Solaris 9 (x86 and x86_64),

Fedora Core 6, AIX 5.2 and Mac OS X 10.4.

System Requirements

In general, system requirements for PGP Command Line are the same as the system

requirements for the host operating system.

In addition to the hard drive space required by the base operating system, PGP

Command Line requires additional space for both the data on which cryptographic

operations (such as encryption, decryption, signing, and verifying) will be applied and

temporary files created in the process of performing those operations.

For a given file being encrypted or decrypted, PGP Command Line can require several

times the size of the original file in free hard drive space (depending on how much the

file was compressed), enough to hold both the original file or files and the final file

resulting from the encryption or decryption operation.

In cases where PGP Zip functionality is used on a file, PGP Command Line may also

require several times the size of the original file or files in free hard drive space, enough

to hold the original file, a temporary file created when handling the archive, and the

final file resulting from the encryption or decryption operation. Make sure you have

adequate free hard drive space on your system before using PGP Command Line.

Installing

System Requirements

Windows 7 and Vista

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

PC with 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) processor

Memory 1 gigabyte (GB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB minimum supported;

may limit performance and some features)

Hard disk 15 GB of available space

Drive DVD-ROM drive

Display Support for DirectX 9 graphics with WDDM driver, 128 MB of graphics

memory (minimum), Pixel Shader 2.0 in hardware, 32 bits per pixel

Windows Server 2008 and 2003

PGP Command Line supports four editions of Windows Server 2008 and 2003:

Standard, Datacenter, Enterprise, and Web.

Standard Edition

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

PC with a 133-MHz processor required; 550-MHz or faster processor

recommended (Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition supports up to four

processors on one server)

Memory 128 MB of RAM required; 256 MB or more recommended; 4 GB maximum

Hard disk 1.25 to 2 GB of available hard-disk space

Drive CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display VGA or hardware that supports console redirection required; Super VGA

supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor recommended

Datacenter Edition

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

Minimum: 400 MHz processor for x86-based computers Recommended: 733

MHz processor

Memory Minimum: 512 MB of RAM

Recommended: 1 GB of RAM

8 Installing

System Requirements

Hard disk 1.5 GB hard-disk space for x86-based computers

Other Minimum: 8-way capable multiprocessor machine required

Maximum: 64-way capable multiprocessor machine supported

Enterprise Edition

These system requirements apply only to the 32-bit version of Windows Server 2003

Enterprise Edition; 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition are not supported.

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

133-MHz or faster processor for x86-based PCs; up to eight processors

supported on either the 32-bit

Memory 128 MB of RAM minimum required

Maximum: 32 GB for x86-based PCs with the 32-bit version

Hard disk 1.5 GB of available hard-disk space for x86-based PCs; additional space is

required if installing over a network

Drive CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display VGA or hardware that supports console redirection required

Web Edition

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

133-MHz processor (550 MHz recommended)

Memory 128 MB of RAM (256 MB recommended; 2 GB maximum)

Hard disk 1.5 GB of available hard-disk space

Windows XP

PGP Command Line supports the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP.

32-bit Windows XP

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

PC with 300 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor clock speed recommended;

233-MHz minimum required; Intel Pentium/Celeron family, AMD

K6/Athlon/Duron family, or compatible processor recommended

Installing

System Requirements

Memory 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB minimum

supported; may limit performance and some features)

Hard disk 1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space

Drive CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and monitor

supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor recommended

64-bit Windows XP

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

PC with AMD Athlon 64, AMD Opteron, Intel Xeon with Intel EM64T support,

Intel Pentium 4 with Intel EM64T support

Memory 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended

Hard disk 1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space

Drive CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and monitor

supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor recommended

IBM AIX

PGP Command Line runs on the range of IBM eServer p5, IBM eServer pSeries, IBM

eServer i5 and IBM RS/6000, as supported by IBM AIX 5.3 and 6.1.

HP-UX 11i

PGP Command Line runs on the list of PA-RISC workstation and servers supported by

HP-UX 11i, as specified at http://docs.hp.com/ http://docs.hp.com/en/5187-

2239/ch03s01.html.

Solaris 9 and 10

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

SPARC (32- and 64-bit) platforms

Memory 64 MB minimum (128 MB recommended)

Hard disk 600 MB for desktops; one GB for servers

10 Installing

Installing on AIX

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, and Fedora Core

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

x86 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SLES, x86_64 for Fedora Core; see Red

Hat or Fedora websites for hardware compatibility.

Memory 256 MB minimum

Hard disk 800 MB minimum

Mac OS X

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

Macintosh computer, Intel-based system only

Memory 128 MB of physical RAM

Installing on AIX

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on AIX.

Installing on AIX

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are

installing PGP Command Line.

To install PGP Command Line on an AIX system:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer application called PGPCommandLine10IX.tar to a known

location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine100AIX.rpm

4 Type: rpm -ivh PGPCommandLine10IX.rpm

5 Press Enter.

Installing

Installing on AIX

By default, the PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into the directory

/opt/pgp/bin. You need to add this directory to your PATH environment variable in

order for the application to be found.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

PATH=$PATH:/opt/pgp/bin

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

set path = ($path /opt/pgp/bin)

Also, in order to access the PGP Command Line man page, you need to set the

MANPATH environment variable appropriately.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/pgp/man; export MANPATH

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

setenv MANPATH "/opt/pgp/man"

By adding the option --prefix to the rpm command, you can install PGP Command

Line to a location other than the default.

Type rpm --prefix=/usr/pgp -ivh PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm and press

Enter.

This command installs the application binary in the directory /usr/pgp/bin/pgp,

libraries in /usr/pgp/lib, and so on.

You will need to edit the environmental variable LIBPATH to include the new library

path (/usr/pgp/lib) so that PGP Command Line can function in a location other than the

default.

By adding the option --prefix to the rpm command, you can install PGP Command

Line in a location other than the default:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer application called PGPCommandLine10AIX.tar to a

known location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm

4 Type: rpm --prefix=/opt -ivh PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm

5 Press Enter.

This command will install the application binary, pgp, in the directory

/usr/pgp/bin/pgp, libraries in /usr/pgp/lib, and so on.

You will need to edit the environment variable LIBPATH to include the new library path

(/usr/pgp/lib), so that PGP Command Line can function in any location other than

the default.

Changing the Home Directory on AIX

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and

uses; for example, keyring files.

12 Installing

Installing on HP-UX

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for AIX creates the PGP Command Line

home directory at $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For

example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice"is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command

Line will attempt to create /usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory

listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the home directory changed on a permanent basis, you will need to create

the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home

directory.

Uninstalling on AIX

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on AIX requires root privileges, either through su or

sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on AIX

1 Type the following command and press Enter:

rpm -e pgpcmdln

2 PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on HP-UX

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on HP-

UX.

Installing on HP-UX

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are

installing PGP Command Line.

To install PGP Command Line on an HP-UX system

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer file called PGPCommandLine10HPUX.tar to a known

location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10HPUX.depot

4 Type: swinstall -s /absolute/path/to/PGPCommandLine10HPUX.depot

5 Press Enter.

By default, the PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into the directory

/opt/pgp/bin. You need to add this directory to your PATH environment variable in

order for the application to be found.

Installing

Installing on HP-UX

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

PATH=$PATH:/opt/pgp/bin

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

set path = ($path /opt/pgp/bin)

Also, in order to access the PGP Command Line man page, you need to set the

MANPATH environment variable appropriately.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/pgp/man; export MANPATH

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

setenv MANPATH "/opt/pgp/man"

Note: You may encounter an issue generating 2048- or 4096-bit keys on HP-UX

systems running PGP Command Line if you have altered the maximum number of

shared memory segments that can be attached to one process, as configured by the

shmseg system parameter. if you encounter this issue, reset the shmseg system

parameter to its default value of 120. Consult your HP-UX documentation for

information about how to alter system parameters.

Changing the Home Directory on HP-UX

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and

uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for HP-UX creates the PGP Command Line

home directory in $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For

example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice" is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command

Line will attempt to create /usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory

listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the PGP Command Line home directory changed on a permanent basis, you

can define the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the

desired home directory.

Installing to a Non-Default Directory on HP-UX

This procedure describes how to install PGP Command Line for HP-UX into a non-

default directory. The information provided is in addition to the information provided

in Installing on HP-UX.

Note: This procedure uses /opt/pgp_alt as the non-default directory. Be sure to

substitute the desired directory in place of /opt/pgp_alt.

To install PGP Command Line for HP-UX to a non-default directory

1 Add the following extra argument to the swinstall command:

swinstall -s /path/to/pgpcmdln.depot pgpcmdln,l=/opt/pgp_alt

2 Set all libraries to respect the SHLIB_PATH environment variable:

14 Installing

Installing on Mac OS X

chatr +s enable /opt/pgp_alt/lib/*

3 Set the SHLIB_PATH environment variable to the new library directory when

starting PGP Command Line:

export SHLIB_PATH=/opt/pgp_alt/lib

Uninstalling on HP-UX

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on HP-UX requires root privileges, either su or sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on HP-UX:

1 Type the following command and press Enter:

swremove pgpcmdln

2 PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on Mac OS X

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on Mac

OS X.

Installing on Mac OS X

To install PGP Command Line on a Mac OS X system:

1 Close all applications.

2 Download the installer application, PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tgz, to your

desktop.

3 Double-click on the file PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tgz.

4 If you have Stuffit Expander, it will automatically first uncompress this file into

PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tar, and then untar it into

PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.pkg.

5 Double-click on the file PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.pkg.

6 Follow the on-screen instructions.

The Mac OS X PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into /usr/bin/.

After you run PGP Command Line for the first time, its home directory will be created

automatically in the directory $HOME/Documents/PGP. This directory may already

exist if PGP Desktop for Mac OS X is already installed on the system.

Installing

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core

Changing the Home Directory on Mac OS X

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and

uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for Mac OS X creates the PGP Command

Line home directory at $HOME/Documents/PGP. If this directory does not exist, it will

be created.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of directory listed

in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the home directory changed permanently, you need to create the

$PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home

directory.

Uninstalling on Mac OS X

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on Mac OS X requires administrative privileges.

Caution: If you have PGP Desktop for Mac OS X installed on the same system with

PGP Command Line, do not uninstall PGP Command Line unless you also plan to

uninstall PGP Desktop. Uninstalling PGP Command Line will delete files that PGP

Desktop requires to operate; you will have to reinstall PGP Desktop to return to

normal operation.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on Mac OS X:

1 Using the Terminal application, enter the following commands:

rm -rf /usr/bin/pgp

rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/PGP*

rm -rf /Library/Receipts/PGP*

2 PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Preferences and keyrings are not removed when PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora

Core

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on a

Linux or Fedora Core system.

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are

installing PGP Command Line.

16 Installing

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core

Linux installations now default to /opt/pgp, which matches the default installation

location on other UNIX platforms. To install PGP Command Line on Linux to the

previous installation location (/usr/bin/), use the "--prefix=/usr" option.

If you have an existing Linux installation of PGP Command Line and do not install the

new version using the "--prefix=/usr" option, you will need to update your path to

include /opt/pgp/bin and you will need to update any scripts accordingly.

Caution: If you want to use the XML key list functionality in PGP Command Line, you

need to upgrade libxml2 to Version 2.6.8; the default is Version 2.5.10. If you attempt

to use the XML key list functionality without upgrading, you will receive an error.

To install PGP Command Line on a Linux system:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer file called PGPCommandLine10Linux.tar to a known

location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10Linux.rpm

4 Type: rpm -ivh PGPCommandLine10Linux.rpm

5 Press Enter.

The PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed by default into /opt/pgp/.

By adding the option --prefix to the rpm command, you can install PGP Command

Line in a location other than the default.

To install PGP Command Line into a different directory:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer file called PGPCommandLine10Linux.tar to a known

location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10Linux.rpm

4 Type: rpm --prefix=/opt -ivh PGPCommandLine10Linux.rpm

5 Press Enter.

This command will install the application binary in the directory /opt/bin/pgp,

libraries in /opt/lib, etc. You will need to edit the environment variable

LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include the new library path for the software to function in any

location other than the default.

Changing the Home Directory on Linux or Fedora Core

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and

uses; for example, keyring files.

Installing

Installing on Solaris

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for Linux creates the PGP Command Line

home directory at $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For

example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice" is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command

Line will attempt to create /usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory

listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the home directory changed on a permanent basis, you need to create the

$PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home

directory.

Uninstalling on Linux or Fedora Core

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on Linux requires root privileges, either su or sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on Linux or Fedora Core:

1 Type the following command and press Enter:

rpm -e pgpcmdln

2 PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on Solaris

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on

Solaris.

Installing on Solaris

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are

installing PGP Command Line.

To install PGP Command Line onto a Solaris machine in the default directory:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer file called PGPCommandLine10Solaris.tar to a known

location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10Solaris.pkg

4 Type pkgadd -d PGPCommandLine10Solaris.pkg and press Enter.

5 At the first prompt, enter "1" or "all" to install the package.

If the directories /usr/bin and /usr/lib are not owned by root:bin, the install

application pkgadd will ask if you want to change the ownership/group on these

directories. It is not necessary to change them, but as an admin you may do so if you

wish.

18 Installing

Installing on Solaris

By default, the PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into the directory

/opt/pgp/bin. You need to add this directory to your PATH environment variable in

order for the application to be found.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

PATH=$PATH:/opt/pgp/bin

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

set path = ($path /opt/pgp/bin)

Also, in order to access the PGP Command Line man page, you need to set the

MANPATH environment variable appropriately.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/pgp/man; export MANPATH

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

setenv MANPATH "/opt/pgp/man"

To install PGP Command Line onto a Solaris machine in another directory:

1 If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer,

uninstall it.

2 Download the installer application PGPCommandLine10Solaris.tar to a

known location on your system.

3 Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10Solaris.pkg

4 Type: pkgadd -a none -d PGPCommandLine10Solaris.pkg

(This will force an interactive installation).

5 Press Enter.

6 At the first prompt, enter “1” or “all” to install the package.

You will be asked to enter the path to the package’s base directory. If you enter

/usr/pgp, the binary will be installed to /usr/pgp/bin/pgp, libraries will be

installed to /usr/pgp/lib, and so on.

You need to edit the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include the new

library path (/usr/pgp/lib) so that PGP Command Line can function in this location.

Changing the Home Directory on Solaris

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and

uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for Solaris creates the PGP Command Line

home directory in $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For

example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice" is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command

Line will attempt to create /usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory

listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

Installing

Installing on Windows

If you want the PGP Command Line home directory changed on a permanent basis, you

can define the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the

desired home directory.

Uninstalling on Solaris

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on Solaris requires root privileges, either su or sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on Solaris:

1 Type the following command and press Enter:

pkgrm PGPcmdln

To uninstall with no confirmation, use: pkgrm -n PGPcmdln

2 PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on Windows

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on

Windows.

PGP Command Line for Windows and PGP Desktop on the Same System

PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop can be installed on the same system at the same

time.

To use PGP Command Line for Windows and PGP Desktop for Windows on the same 64-

bit system, you must use the 64-bit version of PGP Desktop and the 32-bit version of

PGP Command Line.

This ensures compatible versions of the PGP SDK are used. The PGP SDK for the 64-bit

version of PGP Command Line for Windows includes functionality that makes it

incompatible with PGP Desktop for Windows.

To Install on Windows

To install PGP Command Line onto a Windows system:

1 Close all Windows applications.

2 Download the installer application, PGPCommandLine10Win.zip, to a known

location on your system.

3 Unzip the file PGPCommandLine10Win.zip. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10Win.msi.

4 Double click on PGPCommandLine10Win.msi.

5 Follow the on-screen instructions.

20 Installing

Installing on Windows

6 If prompted, restart your machine. A restart is needed only if other PGP products

are also installed on the same machine.

The Windows PGP Command Line application, pgp.exe, is installed into:

C:\Program Files\PGP Corporation\PGP Command Line\

After you run PGP Command Line for the first time, its home directory will be created

automatically in the user’s home directory:

C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\My Documents\PGP\

Application data is stored in the directory:

C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\PGP

Corporation\PGP

Locations may be different for the different Windows versions.

Changing the Home Directory on Windows

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores its keyring files. If a different

PGP product has already created this directory, PGP Command Line will also use it

(thus, PGP Command Line can automatically use existing PGP keys).

PGP Command Line data files, such as keys, are stored in the home directory:

C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\My Documents\PGP\

PGP Command Line application files, such as the configuration file PGPprefs.xml,

are stored in:

C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\PGP

Corporation\PGP\

If you want the home directory changed on a permanent basis, you need to create the

PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home

directory.

To create the PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable on a Windows system:

1 Click Start, select Settings, select Control Panel, and then select System.

The System Properties dialog appears.

2 Select the Advanced tab, then click Environment Variables.

The Environment Variables screen appears.

3 In the User Variables section, click New.

The New User Variable dialog appears.

4 In the Variable name field, enter PGP_HOME_DIR. In the Variable value field,

enter the path of the home directory you want to use. For example:

C:\PGP\PGPhomedir\

5 Click OK.

The Environment Variables screen reappears. PGP_HOME_DIR appears in the list

of user variables.

Installing

Installing on Windows

Uninstalling on Windows

To remove PGP Command Line from a Windows system:

1 Navigate to the Add or Remove Programs Control Panel.

2 Select PGP Command Line from the list of installed programs.

3 Click Remove, then follow the on-screen instructions.

PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

When upgrading to a new version of PGP Command Line, in most cases you can install

the new version without uninstalling the older version of PGP Command Line. During

installation, the new version of PGP Command Line overwrites or updates any older

version files.

If your facility upgrades its computers, you may need to relocate an existing PGP

Command Line installation to another computer.

To relocate PGP Command Line to another computer

1 Install PGP Command Line on your new system.

2 License PGP Command Line on your new system.

3 Copy your keyring files (pubring.pkr, secring.skr) from your old system to the new

one. To locate the keyring files, use the pgp --version --verbose command.

4 If you have changed your preferences file PGPprefs.xml, re-apply those changes to

your new preferences file.

archive

bobsarchive.pgp:decrypt (0:output file .\note.txt)

bobsarchive.pgp:decrypt (0:output file .\report.doc)

Decrypts the archive file into the actual archived files "note.txt" and report.doc,

with their path information included.

--detached (-b)

Signs data and creates a detached signature. If you use this command to sign a

document, both the document and detached signature are needed to verify the

signature. To verify the signed message, use --verify.

The usage format is:

pgp --detached <input> [<input2> ...] --signer <user> --

passphrase <pass> [options]

Where:

<input> is the name of the file for which the detached signature is being created.

It is required. You can create a detached signature for multiple files by listing

them, separated by a space.

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the signer. It is

required. The private key of the signer must be on the keyring.

<pass> is the passphrase of the private key of the signer. It is required.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--armor armors the data and changes the file extension from .sig to .asc.

--comment saves a comment at the beginning of the file with the header tag

"Comment". It works only if --armor is specified as well.

60 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

--input-cleanup cleans up the input file, depending on the arguments you

specify: off (default), remove, or wipe.

--output lets you specify a different name for the created file.

--overwrite sets the overwrite behavior when PGP Command Line tries to

create an output file that already exists. This option accepts the following

arguments: off (default), remove, rename, or wipe.

--temp-cleanup cleans up the temporary file(s), depending on the arguments

you specify: off, remove, or wipe (default). For large encryption jobs, this option

should be set to remove to speed up the process.

--text forces the input to canonical text mode. Do not use this option with binary

files (automatic detection of file types is not supported).

-v|--verbose gives a verbose (detailed) report about the operation.

Examples:

1 pgp -b note.txt --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --signer "Bob Smith"

note.txt:sign (0:output file note.txt.sig)

Output is the file note.txt.sig, which contains Bob’s detached signature.

2 pgp --verify note.txt.sig

note.txt:verify (1082:detached signature target file)

note.txt.sig:verify (3038:signing key 0x6245273E Bob Smith

<bob@example.com>)

note.txt.sig:verify (3040:signature created 2005-10-

28T12:44:38-07:00)

note.txt.sig:verify (3035:good signature)

note.txt.sig:verify (0:verify complete)

The detached signature is verified.

--dump-packets, --list-packets

Dumps the packet information in a PGP message. Input is a list of files or standard

input; output is always a standard output.

This command uses the normal output format for data blocks and displays hexadecimal

values in the format "NN".

The usage format is:

pgp --dump-packets <input> [<input2> …] [options]

Where:

<input> is a list of files or standard input.

<input2> are additional files.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--buffered-stdio enables buffered stdio for stdin and stdout.

Example:

Cryptographic Operations

Commands

pgp --dump-packets TrainingDetails.msg

Processing file TrainingDetails.msg

New: unknown(tag 16)(4049 bytes)

Old: Trust Packet(tag 12)(46 bytes)

Trust - 00 30 00 5f 00 30 00 30 00 36 00 34 00 30 00 30 00

31 00 45 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2a

Old: Reserved(tag 0)(2 bytes)

File TrainingDetails.msg complete

--encrypt (-e)

Encrypts documents for specified recipients, where keys are on the local keyring or on a

PGP KMS server.

Note: The --encrypt command is not used for symmetric encryption; instead, use

the --symmetric command, described in --symmetric (-c) (page 68).

PGP Command Line uses the recipient's preferred cipher and compression algorithms.

If there are multiple recipients, PGP Command Line uses the most compatible

algorithm. Note that you cannot specify a one-time cipher or compression algorithm

with --encrypt.

The usage format is:

pgp --encrypt <input> [<input2> ...] --recipient <user or

keyID>

[-r <user2> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> (required). Space-separated names of the files encrypt. The default

output filename for an encrypted file is <input filename>.pgp. Note that

stdin can be used only by itself and cannot be combined with other inputs.

--recipient (required). Specifies the recipient for the encryption. Provide one --

recipient option for each recipient. The --usp-server option affects --encrypt as

follows:

 --usp-server is not provided. --recipient specifies the recipient's user ID,

portion of the user ID, or the key ID. PGP Command Line searches the local

keyring for the recipient key.

 --usp-server is provided. --recipient specifies the the UUID of the recipient's

MAK or MEK, or the recipient's user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID.

PGP Command Line searches the server for the recipient key.An error results

if PGP Command Line can match the identifier to multiple MAKs or MEKs on

the PGP KMS server.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--adk. Alternative decryption key. This option can be used only the option --sda.

Note that if any of the keys used with the option --adk have ADKs, they will also

be used.

62 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

--anonymize. Hides the key IDs of recipients. Recipients of data encrypted with

this option are unable to identify other recipients of the data.

--archive. Saves the output as an archive. It cannot be used with the options --

text-mode or --sda. When using --archive, directories can be in the input

file: without this option, the directories are skipped.

-a or --armor armors the encrypted file.

--cipher. If the option --cipher is used, the existing cipher will be forcefully

overridden and the key preferences and algorithm lists in the SDK will be ignored.

This can create messages that don’t comply with the OpenPGP standard. This

option must be used together with the option --force.

--comment saves a comment at the beginning of the file with the header tag

"Comment". It works only if --armor is specified as well.

--compress toggles compression. If enabled, the preferred compression

algorithm of the recipient is used.

--compression-algorithm. If the option --compression-algorithm is

used, the existing compression algorithm will be forcefully overridden and the key

preferences and algorithm lists in the SDK will be ignored. This can create

messages that do not comply with the OpenPGP standard. This option must be

used together with the option --force.

--email processes input data as an RFC 822-encoded email message, which

means that MIME headers and CRLF line endings will be respected by PGP

Command Line. The resulting file has a .pgp extension. Note that PGP Command

Line does not send the resulting encrypted message, it only creates it.

--encrypt-to-self. Encrypts to the default key in addition to any other

specified keys. The default is off.

--eyes-only. Text inputs that are processed using this option can only be

decrypted to the screen.

--force. Required to use --compression-algorithm and --cipher.

--input-cleanup. Cleans up the input file, depending on the arguments you

specify: off (default), remove, or wipe.

--output. Specify a different name for the encrypted file.

--overwrite. Sets the overwrite behavior when PGP Command Line tries to

create an output file that already exists. This option accepts the following

arguments: off (default), remove, rename, or wipe.

--root-path. Use this option with --sda or --archive.

--sda cannot be used together with the command --sign (such as -es). For

more information, refer to the option --sda.

--sign lets you sign the encrypted file.

--temp-cleanup cleans up the temporary file(s) depending on the arguments

you specify: off, remove, or wipe (default). For large encryption jobs, this option

should be set to remove to speed up the process.

--text forces the input to canonical text mode. Do not use with binary files

(automatic detection of file types is not supported).

--usp-server specifies the PGP KMS to search for MAKs or MEKs.

Cryptographic Operations

Commands

-v |--verbose. Provides a verbose (detailed) report about the operation.

Refer to the descriptions of these options or to the man page for information about how

to use these options.

Examples:

 Encrypt to multiple recipients where keys are on the local keyring

pgp --encrypt report.txt README.rtf -r "Bill Brown" -r "Mary

Smith" -r "Bob Smith"

The files "report.txt" and "README.rtf" are encrypted to multiple recipients.

 Encrypt to recipients with keys on a PGP KMS server

pgp --encrypt report.txt README.rtf -r "Bill Brown" --usp-

server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "cam3r0n"

The files "report.txt" and "README.rtf" are encrypted to multiple recipients.

Encrypt for recipient's "eyes-only" pgp -er "Bob Smith" report.txt --

eyes-only

The output file "readme.txt.pgp" is encrypted for Bob’s "eyes only", which means

that he can read the file only on the screen.

Encrypt and show verbose results pgp -e report.doc -r "Bob Smith" --

output newreport.pgp -v

The output file is "newreport.pgp", and the on-screen message contains the

following detailed information about the performed operation:

pgp:encrypt (3157:current local time 2005-11-05T12:13:09-

08:00)

/Users/bobsmith/.pgp/pubring.pkr:open keyrings (1006:public

keyring)

/Users/bobsmith/.pgp/secring.skr:open keyrings (1007:private

keyring)

0x4A8C54B8:encrypt (1030:key added to recipient list)

report.doc:encrypt (3048:data encrypted with cipher AES-128)

report.doc:encrypt (0:output file newreport.pgp)

Encrypt and store the results in a directory pgp -er "Bob Smith"

report.doc --output /Users report.doc:encrypt (0:output file

/Users/report.doc.pgp) You have encrypted the file report.doc to the

specified directory.

Use wildcards to specify the files to encrypt pgp -er "Bob Smith" *.doc

myreport.doc:encrypt (0:output file myreport.doc.pgp)

report.doc:encrypt (0:output file report.doc.pgp) Both files with

the extension .doc were encrypted for the user Bob.

Encrypt multiple files into an archive pgp -er "Bob Smith" *.doc --

output archive.pgp

pgp:encrypt (3028:multiple inputs cannot be sent to a single

output file)

Nothing happened because archive mode was not enabled.

pgp -er "Bob Smith" *.doc --output archive.pgp --archive

64 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported myreport.doc)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported report.doc)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (0:output file archive.pgp)

With the option --archive added, the two doc files are encrypted into

archive.pgp.

 Encrypt files from a folder

pgp -er "Bob Smith" /Users/note.txt

/Users/note.txt:encrypt (0:output file /Users/note.txt.pgp)

In this case, you have encrypted the file note.txt, which was located in another

directory.

pgp -er "Bob Smith" /Users/*.txt -o MyNewArchive.pgp --archive

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported /Users/note.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported /Users/note2.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (0:output file MyNewArchive.pgp)

In this case, you have encrypted multiple text files located in another directory

into a new archive in your local directory.

pgp -er "Bob Smith" /Data/emailmessage.txt --email

In this case, you have encrypted the file emailmessage.txt, an RFC 822-encoded

email message. The encrypted file emailmessage.txt.pgp will result.

--export-session-key

Exports the session key of an encrypted message. This key is used to encrypt each set of

data on a transaction basis, and a different session key is used for each communication

session. Output of this command is a key file with the extension .key, which contains

the key fingerprint of the key used during the session that produced the encrypted file.

Using the session key, it is possible to decrypt a document without the recipient’s

private key and its passphrase. Therefore, it reveals only the content of a specific

message without compromising the private recipient’s key (which would reveal all

messages encrypted to that key). Note that a user cannot directly specify a session key

during encryption.

The usage format is:

pgp --export-session-key <input> [<input2> ...] --passphrase

<pass> [--output]

Where:

<input> is the encrypted file whose session key is to be exported to a separate

file. It is required. Multiple files can have their session key exported as well; each

encrypted file must be listed, separated by a space.

--passphrase is needed for encrypted files (--symmetric-passphrase is used

for conventionally encrypted files, but --passphrase will also work)

--output lets you specify a different filename for the resulting file.

Refer to the descriptions of these options for information about how to use them.

Example:

Cryptographic Operations

Commands

1 pgp -e report.doc -r "Bob Smith" --output BobsReport.pgp

report.doc:encrypt (0:output file BobsReport.pgp)

First, the file report.doc was encrypted into BobsReport.pgp.

2 pgp --export-session-key BobsReport.pgp --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

BobsReport.pgp:export session key (0:output file report.doc.key)

Second, the key used for the encrypting session was exported into the file

report.doc.key, which contains the fingerprint of the key used for the session,

such as:

7:8F042E99E383FCD4921FD74A63C514D3

--list-sda

Lists the contents of a Self-Decrypting Archive (SDA). The entire SDA needs to be

decrypted in order to list its contents, which could take up to several minutes

(depending on the number and size of the files in the archive).

The usage format is:

pgp --list-sda <input> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<input> is an SDA file, such as reports.exe. Output is always the standard output.

<pass> This is a passphrase or symmetric passphrase with which the SDA was

encrypted.

Example:

pgp --list-sda reports.exe --symmetric-passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

reports\

reports\README.rtf

reports\README.txt

reports\report.txt

reports.exe:list SDA (0:SDA decoded successfully)

The archive "reports.exe" was decrypted and listed.

--list-archive

Lists the contents of a PGP Zip archive, which lets you add any combination of files and

folders to an encrypted, compressed, portable archive.

A PGP Zip archive is an excellent way to distribute files and folders securely or back

them up. Refer to --archive for more information about PGP Zip archives.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-archive <input> [<input2> ...] --passphrase <pass>

Where:

66 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

<input> is the PGP archive(s) whose files you want to list.

<pass> is the passphrase of the archive whose files you want to list.

Example:

pgp --list-archive archive.pgp --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

In this case, the archive is located in the local directory and no directory path is

displayed.

report.txt

README.txt

--sign (-s)

Signs a document, without encrypting it. You can sign and encrypt a file at the same

time using the command -es. Input is a standard input or a list of files; output is a

standard output or a list of files.

To sign with a MAK on a PGP KMS, --signer, a MAK ID, and the PGP KMS must be

specified on the command line. The identifier can be either the name, prefix of a name,

or UUID of the MAK. An error results if PGP Command Line can match the identifier to

more than one MAK.

The usage format is:

pgp --sign <input> [<input2> ...] --passphrase <pass> [--

signer <user>] [options]

Where:

<input> is the name of the file to be signed. It is required. You can sign multiple

files by listing them, separated by a space.

<pass> is the passphrase of the private key of the signer. It is required.

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the signer. The

private key of the signer must be on the keyring. If <user> is not specified, the

default key is used to sign.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--archive allows you to create an unencrypted signed tar file. You cannot use

this archive until it is decrypted (the signature is removed). Using the option --

sign with --archive, you can create a signed tar file that anyone can open.

-a, --armor. Armors the signed file.

--comment saves a comment at the beginning of the file with the header tag

"Comment". It works only if --armor is specified as well.

--compress toggles compression.

--compression-algorithm. You can select the compression algorithm in case

you are creating an attached opaque signature only (that is not encrypted), or

when you are creating a conventionally encrypted and signed output.

--email processes input data as an RFC 822-encoded email message, which

means that MIME headers and CRLF line endings will be respected by PGP

Command Line.

Cryptographic Operations

Commands

--eyes-only. Text inputs that are processed using this option can be decrypted

only to the screen.

--force. Required to use --hash.

--hash. If you use this option, the existing hash algorithm will be forcefully

overridden. Note that the key preferences and algorithm lists in the SDK will be

ignored, which can lead to the creation of messages that violate OpenPGP

standard. You must use the option --force with --hash.

--input-cleanup cleans up the input file, depending on the arguments you

specify: off (default), remove, or wipe.

--output lets you specify a different name for the signed file.

--overwrite sets the overwrite behavior when PGP Command Line tries to

create an output file that already exists. This option accepts the following

arguments: off (default), remove, rename, or wipe.

--signer is required to sign with a MAK (managed asymmetric key).

--temp-cleanup cleans up the temporary file(s) depending on the arguments

you specify: off, remove, or wipe (default). For large encryption jobs, this option

should be set to remove to speed up the process.

--text forces the input to canonical text mode. Do not use with binary files

(automatic detection of file types is not supported).

-v|--verbose gives a verbose (detailed) report about the operation.

Refer to the descriptions of these options or to the man page for information about how

to use these options.

Examples:

1 pgp -s report.txt --signer "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

report.txt:sign (0:output file report.txt.pgp)

Output is "report.txt.pgp" signed by Bob.

2 pgp -es report.txt -r bob@example.com --passphrase "cam3r0n"

This command produces "report.txt.pgp," which is encrypted for Bob and signed

by Alice using her passphrase (we assume that her key is the default signing key

and the option --signer is not used).

3 pgp -s report.txt --signer "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

--compression-algorithm zip

report.txt:sign (0:output file report.txt.pgp)

The file "report.txt.pgp" was signed by Bob and compressed using the Zip

compression algorithm.

4 pgp -s report.doc note.txt --signer "Bob Smith" --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4" -o NewArchive.pgp --archive

pgp00001.tmp:sign (3110:archive imported report.doc)

pgp00001.tmp:sign (3110:archive imported note.txt)

pgp00001.tmp:sign (0:output file NewArchive.pgp)

First, both files are signed and saved as a tar file NewArchive.pgp. This file cannot

be used until the signature is removed by decrypting the file. This file is just

opaquely signed, and you do not need a passphrase to verify the signature:

68 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

pgp --decrypt NewArchive.pgp

NewArchive.pgp:decrypt (3038:signing key 0x6245273E Bob Smith

<bob@example.com>)

NewArchive.pgp:decrypt (3040:signature created 2005-11-

11T16:40:42-08:00)

NewArchive.pgp:decrypt (3035:good signature)

NewArchive.pgp:decrypt (0:output file NewArchive.tar)

The resulting tar file can be uncompressed with utilities that are appropriate for

your platform.

--symmetric (-c)

Encrypts data using symmetric encryption, not public-key encryption.

The usage format is:

pgp --symmetric <input> [<input2> ...] --symmetric-passphrase

<pass> [options]

Where:

<input> is the name of the file to be symmetrically encrypted and it is required.

You can encrypt multiple files by listing them, separated by a space. The default

filename for an encrypted file is <input filename>.pgp. You can modify the

filename of the encrypted file using --output.

<pass> is the passphrase you want to use for the symmetrically encrypted file.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--output lets you specify a different filename for the encrypted file.

--sign lets you sign the encrypted file. If you use --sign with --symmetric,

you will need both --symmetric-passphrase for the encryption and --

passphrase for the signature.

--armor armors the output file. File extension is changed to .asc.

--comment lets you specify a comment for armored data.

--text forces the <input> to supported.

--compress toggles compression.

--compression-algorithm specifies the compression algorithm to use for the

operation. The default is Zip.

--cipher specifies the cipher to use for the operation. The default is AES256.

--eyes-only prevents the decrypted output from being saved to disk; the

decrypted output can only be displayed on-screen.

--encrypt-to-self lets you encrypt to the default key.

--archive lets you combine multiple files into a single .pgp file.

--overwrite lets you specify what to do if a file of the same name as the output

filename already exists.

Cryptographic Operations

Commands

--input-cleanup lets you specify what to do with <input> files when the

operation is done. The default is off (leave them alone).

--temp-cleanup lets you specify how to handle temporary files. The default is to

wipe them.

--verbose (-v) shows verbose results information.

Examples:

1 pgp --symmetric file.txt --symmetric-passphrase "Bilbo$Frodo"

Encrypts a file, which will be called file.txt.pgp, using the passphrase

"Bilbo$Frodo" without the quotes.

2 pgp -ec file.txt --symmetric-passphrase "Bilbo$Frodo"

Same as above, using the short forms.

The important information about --encrypt also applies to --symmetric.

--verify

Verifies that data was not tampered with and tests whether PGP Command Line can

process the entire file.

It verifies data, signatures, and key files and works on all PGP Command Line data

types. The command output describes what was verified.

To verify with a MAK (managed asymmetric key) on a PGP KMS, you must specify a

PGP KMS on the command line as well as follow --verify-with with a MAK

identifier: either the name, prefix of a name, or UUID of a MAK. For example: --

verify-with MAKid --usp-server universal.example.com. An error results

if PGP Command Line can match the MAK identifier to more than one MAK.

The usage format is:

pgp --verify <input> [<input2> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the file to be verified. It is required.

[options] modifies the command. Options are:

--annotate adds annotations (information that PGP Command Line processed

the data in a certain way) when processing email messages.

--email processes input data as an RFC 822-encoded email message, which

means that MIME headers and CRLF line endings will be respected by PGP

Command Line.

--input-cleanup cleans up the input file, depending on the arguments you

specify: off (default), remove, or wipe.

--passphrase | --symmetric-passphrase. This is the passphrase that is

required for encrypted files.

--temp-cleanup cleans up the temporary file(s) depending on the arguments

you specify: off, remove, or wipe (default). For large encryption jobs, this option

should be set to remove to speed up the process.

-v | --verbose gives a verbose (detailed) report about the operation.

70 Cryptographic Operations

Commands

--verify-with is required to verify with a MAK (managed asymmetric key) on a

PGP KMS.

Refer to the descriptions of these options for information about how to use them.

Example:

pgp --verify report.doc.pgp --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

report.doc.pgp:verify (3111:data is a PGP archive)

report.doc.pgp:verify (3042:suggested output file name

report.doc.tar)

report.doc.pgp:verify (3038:signing key 0x6245273E Bob Smith

<bob@example.com>)

report.doc.pgp:verify (3040:signature created 2005-11-

10T13:58:07-08:00)

report.doc.pgp:verify (3035:good signature)

report.doc.pgp:verify (0:verify complete)

The file report.doc.pgp is verified.

This chapter describes the commands that list information about the PGP keys on

keyrings.

These commands are:

 --fingerprint (page 72), which lists the fingerprints of keys on your keyring, in

hexadecimal numbers or biometric words.

 --fingerprint-details (page 72), which lists the fingerprints of keys on your keyring

and their subkeys, in hexadecimal numbers or biometric words.

 --list-key-details (page 74), which lists the keys on the keyring and displays

detailed information about those keys.

 --list-keys (page 75), which lists the keys on the keyring.

 --list-keys-xml (page 76), which lists keys in XML format.

 --list-sig-details (page 76), which provides detailed information about signatures

on a key.

 --list-sigs (page 77), which lists the keys on the keyring and the user IDs and

signatures on those keys.

 --list-userids (page 77), which lists the keys on the keyring and the user IDs on

those keys.

In This Chapter

Overview ........................................................................................................................71

Commands ..................................................................................................................... 71

Overview

At some point, you are going to need to know about the keys on your keyrings. The key

listing commands provide those details. Using the commands in basic display mode

gives you summary information about the keys on a keyring. Detailed display mode

tells you everything there is to know about those keys.

Refer to Lists (on page 215) for more information about what the key and signature lists

show about a key.

Commands

The key listing commands are described in the following sections.

8 Key Listings

72 Key Listings

Commands

--fingerprint

Lists the fingerprints of keys on your keyring that match the supplied criteria. If you

run the command with no user or key ID information, all key fingerprints will be

displayed. If you enter any user or key ID information, only key fingerprints that match

will be displayed.

The usage format is:

pgp --fingerprint [<user1> ...] [--biometric] [--verbose]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring. If you don’t supply a user ID, all fingerprints will be listed.

--biometric displays biometric words instead of hexadecimal numbers.

--verbose shows the key IDs under the primary user ID for each fingerprint.

Examples:

pgp --fingerprint Alice

Displays the fingerprint in hexadecimal of any keys on the keyring that match

"Alice" using the format:

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

896A 4A96 9C3A 3BEC C87C EA8B 2CDB B87B 2CEB 53CC

pgp --fingerprint 0x12345678 --biometric

Displays the fingerprint in biometric words of the key with the specified key ID

using the format:

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

aimless photograph goldfish yesteryear

beeswax corporate crackdown millionaire

indoors upcoming choking sardonic

reward underfoot eyeglass amulet

sawdust holiness glitter therapist

1 key found

--fingerprint-details

Lists the fingerprints and subkeys of keys on your keyring that match the supplied

criteria. If you run the command with no user or key ID information, all key

fingerprints will be displayed. If you enter any user or key ID information, only key

fingerprints that match will be displayed.

Subkey fingerprints are displayed if found on the specified key. Hash names are the

same as listed in the detailed key list mode.

Fingerprints are shown with one of the following prefixes:

 Key Fingerprint indicates that the following fingerprint is for a master key.

Key Listings

Commands

 Subkey Fingerprint indicates that the following fingerprint is for a subkey.

 X.509 <alg> Thumbprint indicates that the following thumbprint is for an X.509

certificate, where <alg> is replaced by the hash algorithm used to create the

thumbprint.

The usage format is:

pgp --fingerprint-details [<user1> ...] [--biometric]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring. If you do not supply a user ID, all fingerprints and subkeys will be listed.

--biometric displays biometric words instead of hexadecimal numbers.

Examples:

1 pgp --fingerprint-details Alice

Displays the fingerprint in hexadecimal of any keys on the keyring that match

"Alice" using the format:

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Key Fingerprint: 0x6D2A476D (0x7B72AAE06D2A476D)

D2E0 23B2 53D0 49C9 6812 31AC 7B72 AAE0 6D2A 476D

Subkey Fingerprint: 0xB86FF2CF (0x0787EE48B86FF2CF)

DAB6 570B 9411 197D 5DDF A9B2 0787 EE48 B86F F2CF

2 pgp --fingerprint-details 0xF88C6910 --biometric

Displays the key and subkey fingerprints in biometric words of the key with the

specified key ID using the format:

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Key Fingerprint: 0x6D2A476D (0x7B72AAE06D2A476D)

crucial performance ragtime adviser

robust molasses stairway sardonic

beehive quantity spindle gravity

reform monument artist supportive

Vulcan megaton gazelle autopsy

Subkey Fingerprint: 0xB86FF2CF (0x0787EE48B86FF2CF)

chatter decimal snowcap caravan

breadline caravan pupil decimal

beeswax Wilmington tunnel nebula

bombast outfielder endorse Jupiter

preclude Eskimo drainage sandalwood

74 Key Listings

Commands

--list-key-details

Lists the keys on a keyring in detailed output mode. If you run the command with no

user or key ID information, all keys on the keyring will be displayed. If you enter any

user or key ID information, only keys that match will be displayed.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-key-details [<user1> ...]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring.

Example:

pgp --list-key-details Alice

Lists all of the keys on your keyrings using the format:

Key Details: Alice Cameron <acameron@example.com>

Key ID: 0xB2726BDF (0xAAEB5E06B2726BDF)

Type: RSA (v4) key

Size: 2048

Validity: Complete

Trust: Implicit (Axiomatic)

Created: 2003-04-22

Expires: Never

Status: Active

Cipher: AES-192

Cipher: AES-128

Cipher: CAST5

Cipher: TripleDES

Cipher: Twofish-256

Hash: SHA

Compress: Zip (Default)

Photo: No

Revocable: No

Token: No

Keyserver: keyserver.pgp.com

Default: No

Prop Flags: Sign user IDs

Prop Flags: Sign messages

Ksrv Flags: None

Feat Flags: Modification detection

Key Listings

Commands

Notations: 01 0x80000000 preferred-email-encoding@pgp.com:pgp-

mime

Subkey ID: 0x6F742FE6 (0x939BB8896F742FE6)

Type: ElGamal

Size: 2048

Created: 2003-04-22

Expires: Never

Status: Active

Revocable: No

Prop Flags: Encrypt communications

Prop Flags: Encrypt storage

ADK: None

Revoker: None

1 key found

--list-keys (-l)

Lists the keys on a keyring in basic output mode. If you run the command with no user

or key ID information, all keys on the keyring will be displayed. If you enter any user or

key ID information, only keys that match will be displayed.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-keys [<user1> ...]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring.

Examples:

1 pgp --list-keys

Lists all of the keys on your keyrings using the format:

Alg Type Size/Type Flags Key ID User ID

--- ---- --------- ------- ---------- ------------------------

DSS pub 2048/1024 [-----] 0xABCD1234 Alice C <ac@example.com>

1 key found

2 pgp -l Alice Bob Jill

Uses the short form of the command; displays any key on the keyring with "Alice",

"Bob", or "Jill" in the user ID.

3 pgp -l 0x12345678

Lists only the key with the specified key ID, if it is on the keyring.

76 Key Listings

Commands

--list-keys-xml

When you choose to list a key in XML format, PGP Command Line will display all

information including all user IDs and signatures. If you run the command with no user

or key ID information, all keys on the keyring will be displayed. If you enter any user or

key ID information, only keys that match will be displayed.

To list keys in XML format, you may use either the command --list-keys-xml, or a

key list operation with the added option --xml, such as --list-keys user1 --

xml, or --list-keys --xml.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-keys-xml [<user1> …]

Where:

<user1> is the name of the specific local user whose keys you want to check.

Example:

pgp --list-keys-xml "Jose Medina"

Here is an abbreviated key list in XML format.

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<key>

....

...

...

<adk>

...

</key>

</keyList>

--list-sig-details

Lists keys with their user IDs and signatures in detailed output mode.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-sig-details <user> [<user2> ...]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your keyring.

You can list one or more users, with their names/IDs separated by a space. If you

don’t specify a user, you will get an error message ("too many keys found").

Key Listings

Commands

Example:

pgp --list-sig-details Alice

Lists Alice’s key and shows details about her user IDs and signatures:

Signature Details: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Signed Key ID: 0xB2726BDF (0xAAEB5E06B2726BDF)

Signed User ID: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Signer Key ID: 0xB2726BDF (0xAAEB5E06B2726BDF)

Signer User ID: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Type: DSA signature

Exportable: Yes

Status: Active

Created: 2005-04-22

Expires: Never

Trust Depth: 0

Domain: None

1 signature found

--list-sigs

Lists keys with their user IDs and signatures in basic output mode. If you run the

command with no user or key ID information, all signatures on the keyring will be

displayed. If you enter any user or key ID information, only signatures that match will

be displayed.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-sigs [<user1> ...]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on the keyring.

Example:

pgp --list-sigs 0x12345678

Lists the user IDs and signatures on the key with the specified key ID, if it is on the

keyring.

--list-userids

Lists keys and their user IDs in basic output mode. The command --list-users is

the same as --list-userids.

The usage format is:

pgp --list-userids [<user1> ...]

Where:

78 Key Listings

Commands

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring.

Examples:

1 pgp --list-userids

Lists all of the user IDs on the keys on your keyrings.

2 pgp --list-users

Same as the previous command, using the other form of the command.

3 pgp --list-userids Alice Bob Jill

Lists any key on the keyring with "Alice", "Bob", or "Jill" in the user ID.

Descriptions and Examples of Keyserver Commands

This chapter describes those commands that explain how PGP Command Line interacts

with keyservers.

 --keyserver-disable, which disables keys on a keyserver.

 --keyserver-recv, which gets keys from a keyserver and imports them onto

your keyring.

 --keyserver-remove, which removes keys from a keyserver.

 --keyserver-search, which searches a keyserver for keys but does not import

them.

 --keyserver-send, which sends keys to a keyserver.

 --keyserver-update, which updates keys on a keyserver.

In This Chapter

Overview ........................................................................................................................79

Commands ..................................................................................................................... 79

Overview

PGP Command Line provides several commands that let you interact with keyservers.

These commands help you post keys to a keyserver, import keys from a keyserver, and

so on.

When using commands that require you to specify a keyserver, make sure to use the

full URL to the keyserver such as ldap://keyserver.pgp.com, and not just

keyserver.pgp.com.

Commands

--keyserver-disable

Disables a key on a keyserver. This command only works with the legacy PGP Keyserver

product.

Requests for disabling a key must be signed. If no signer is supplied, the default signing

key is used. Key disable requires an exact match on the key to be removed.

9 Working with Keyservers

80 Working with Keyservers

Commands

If a keyserver is specified on the command line, any keyservers listed in the PGP

Command Line configuration file will not be used.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-disable <input> [--keyserver <ks1> ...] [--

signer <signer>] [--passphrase <pass>] [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key you want

disabled on the keyserver. Key disable requires an exact match on the key to be

disabled.

<ks> is the name of the keyserver where the key to be disabled is located.

You can enter more than one keyserver, separated by a space.

[options] modifies the command.Options are:

--signer the user ID of the signer.

--passphrase the passphrase of the signer.

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error stops if an error occurs, if more than one keyserver is

specified, or the operation stops.

Example:

pgp --keyserver-disable 0x12345678 --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.example.com --signer "Alice Cameron

<alice@example.com>" --passphrase "Bilbo*Baggins"

The specified key is disabled on the specified keyserver.

--keyserver-recv

Finds keys on a keyserver and imports them onto your keyring. Keyservers are searched

in the order provided on the command line. As soon as a match is made on a keyserver,

the operation will finish and all other keyservers on the list will be ignored.

If a keyserver is specified on the command line, any keyservers listed in the PGP

Command Line configuration file will not be used. Preferred keyservers are not used.

Note that you cannot search for disabled or pending keys.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-recv <input> [<input2> ...] --keyserver <ks>

[--keyserver <ks2> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key you want to get

onto your keyring.

To get a specific key, use the key ID. To get one or more keys, use the user ID or

portion of the user ID.

<ks> is the name of the keyserver you want to search.

You can enter more than one keyserver to search, separated by a space. Only

results from the first keyserver where there is a match will be returned.

Working with Keyservers

Commands

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error stops if an error occurs, if more than one keyserver is

specified, or the operation stops.

Examples:

1 pgp --keyserver-recv 0xABCD1234 --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

The key with the key ID shown would be imported if it were on the specified

keyserver.

2 pgp --keyserver-recv Jim --keyserver http://keyserver.pgp.com

All keys that have "Jim" in their user IDs would be found and imported.

--keyserver-remove

Removes a key from a keyserver. This command only works with the legacy PGP Keyserver

product.

Requests for removal must be signed. If no signer is supplied, the default signing key is

used. Key removal requires an exact match on the key to be removed.

If a keyserver is specified on the command line, any keyservers listed in the PGP

Command Line configuration file will not be used.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-remove <input> [--keyserver <ks1> ...] [--

signer <signer>] [--passphrase <pass>] [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key you want

removed from the keyserver. Key removal requires an exact match on the key to

be removed.

<ks> is the name of the keyserver from which you want the key removed.

You can enter more than one keyserver, separated by a space.

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--signer the user ID of the signer.

--passphrase the passphrase of the signer.

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error stops if an error occurs, if more than one keyserver is

specified, or the operation stops.

Example:

pgp --keyserver-remove 0x12345678 --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com --signer "bob@example.com" --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

82 Working with Keyservers

Commands

Removes the specified key from the specified keyserver.

--keyserver-search

Searches a keyserver for keys and lists those that it finds that match the criteria; it does

not import them.

Keyservers are searched in the order provided on the command line. As soon as a match

is made on a keyserver, the operation finishes; all other keyservers in the list after the

one that made the match will be ignored.

If a keyserver is specified on the command line, any keyservers listed in the PGP

Command Line configuration file will not be used. Preferred keyservers are not used.

You cannot search for disabled or pending keys.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-search <input> [<input2> ...] --keyserver <ks>

[--keyserver <ks2> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key for which you

are searching.

To find a specific key, use the key ID. To find one or more keys, use the user ID or

portion of the user ID.

<ks> is the name of the keyserver you want to search.

You can enter more than one keyserver to search, separated by a space. Only

results from the first keyserver where there is a match will be returned.

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error stops if an error occurs, if more than one keyserver is

specified, or the operation stops.

Example:

pgp --keyserver-search example.com --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

This search would return keys that have example.com in the user ID and are on

keyserver.pgp.com, a public keyserver.

--keyserver-send

Posts a public key to a keyserver. If multiple keyservers are specified, in most cases only

the first keyserver specified will be used. If a keyserver is specified on the command

line, any keyservers listed in the PGP Command Line configuration file will not be used.

Preferred keyservers are not used.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-send <input> [<input2> ...] --keyserver <ks>

[--keyserver <ks2> ...] [options]

Where:

Working with Keyservers

Commands

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the public key you are

posting. You can list one or more users, with their names/IDs separated by a space.

<ks> is the name of the keyserver to which you are posting.

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error moves to the next keyserver if an error occurs, if more than

one keyserver is specified, or the operation stops.

Examples:

1 pgp --keyserver-send alice@example.com --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.example.com

If there are multiple keys on the keyring with user IDs that match the input, all of

them will be posted. To make sure only a specific key is posted, use the key ID as

the input.

2 pgp --keyserver-send 0x12345678 --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

Only the specified key (if it is on the keyring) will be posted to

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com, a public keyserver.

--keyserver-update

Updates keys that have already been uploaded to a keyserver. This ensures that the

most up-to-date versions of the keys are on the keyserver.

An update consists of finding the key on the keyserver; merging that key onto the local

keyring; and sending the merged key back to the keyserver on which it was found. A key

must be on the local keyring to be updated.

If no keys are specified on the command line, all of the keys on the local keyring are

updated, one at a time. When multiple keys are specified, they are updated one key at a

time.

If a key has a preferred keyserver established, that keyserver is used for the update

(only RSA and DH/DSS v4 keys can have a preferred keyserver); keyservers specified on

the command line or in the configuration file are ignored. If the key being updated is

not found, it is sent to the preferred keyserver; if it is found, it is updated.

If a key does not have a valid preferred keyserver established, PGP Command Line will

search the keyserver specified on the command line, followed by keyservers specified in

the configuration file. If the key cannot be found, an error is returned; if it is found, it is

updated.

The usage format is:

pgp --keyserver-update <input> [<input2> ...] [--keyserver

<ks1> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key for which you

are searching. To find a specific key, use the key ID. To find one or more keys, use

the user ID or portion of the user ID.

84 Working with Keyservers

Commands

<ks> is the name of the keyserver you want to search. You can enter more than

one keyserver to search, separated by a space. Only results from the first

keyserver where there is a match will be returned.

--keyserver-timeout sets the number of seconds until the keyserver operation

times out. The default setting is 120 seconds.

--halt-on-error stops if an error occurs, if more than one keyserver is

specified, or the operation stops.

Examples:

1 pgp --keyserver-update 0x12345678 --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

Updates the key with key ID 0x12345678 on keyserver.pgp.com if that key is

on the local keyring and has already been uploaded to the keyserver. If either is

not true, the operation returns with an error.

2 pgp --keyserver-update 0x12345678

Key 0x12345678 has a preferred keyserver set, and that keyserver is used for the

update.

This chapter describes those commands used to manage keys with PGP Command Line.

These commands are:

 --add-adk, which adds an ADK to a key.

 --add-photoid, which adds a photo ID to a key.

 --add-preferred-cipher, which adds the preferred cipher to a key.

 --add-preferred-compression-algorithm, which adds the preferred

compression algorithms to a key.

 --add-preferred-email-encoding, which adds a preferred email encoding to

a key.

 --add-preferred-hash, which adds the preferred hash encryption algorithm to

a key.

 --add-revoker, which adds a revoker to a key.

 --add-userid, which adds a user ID to a key.

 --cache-passphrase, which specifically caches a passphrase.

 --change-passphrase, which changes the passphrase.

 --clear-key-flag, which clears one of the preferences flags.

 --disable, which disables a key.

 --enable, which enables a key.

 --export and --export-key-pair, which export keys or key pairs.

 --export-photoid, which exports a photo ID to a file.

 --gen-key, which generates a new key pair.

 --gen-revocation, which generates a revoked version of a key without actually

revoking the key. The revoked version of the key is stored securely in the event the

passphrase is lost, so the key can still be revoked.

 --gen-subkey, which generates a subkey.

 --import, which imports keys.

 --join-key, which reconstitutes a split key.

 --join-key-cache-only, which temporarily joins a key on the local machine.

 --key-recon-send, which sends PGP key reconstruction data to a PGP

Universal Server

 --key-recon-recv-questions, which retrieves the PGP key reconstruction

questions for a specified key.

 --key-recon-recv, which reconstructs a key

 --remove, which removes a key.

 --remove-adk, which removes an ADK from a key.

10 Managing Keys

86 Managing Keys

Commands

 --remove-all-adks, which remove all ADKs from a key.

 --remove-all-photoids, which removes all photo IDs

 --remove-all-revokers, which removes all revokers.

 --remove-expiration-date, which removes the expiration date from a key.

 --remove-key-pair, which removes a key pair.

 --remove-photoid, which removes a photo ID from a key.

 --remove-preferred-cipher, which removes a preferred cipher from a key.

 --remove-preferred-compression-algorithm, which removes a preferred

compression algorithm from a key.

 --remove-preferred-email-encoding, which removes a preferred email

encoding from a key.

 --remove-preferred-hash, which removes the preferred hash from a key.

 --remove-preferred-keyserver, which removes a preferred keyserver from a

key.

 --remove-revoker, which removes a revoker from a key.

 --remove-sig, which removes a signature.

 --remove-subkey, which removes a subkey.

 --remove-userid, which removes a user ID from a key.

 --revoke, which revokes a key pair.

 --revoke-sig, which revokes a signature.

 --revoke-subkey, which revokes a subkey.

 --send-shares, which sends shares to the server joining a key.

 --set-expiration-date, which sets the expiration date.

 --set-key-flag, which sets one of the preference flags for a key.

 --set-preferred-ciphers, which sets the list of preferred ciphers on a key.

 --set-preferred-compression-algorithms, which sets the list of preferred

compression algorithms on a key.

 --set-preferred-email-encodings, which sets preferred email encodings

for a key.

 --set-preferred-hashes, which sets the entire list of hashes for a key.

 --set-preferred-keyserver, which adds a preferred keyserver to a key.

 --set-primary-userid, which sets a user ID as primary for a key.

 --set-trust, which sets the trust on a key.

 --sign-key, which signs all user IDs on a key.

 --sign-userid, which signs a single user ID on a key.

 --split-key, which splits a specified key into multiple shares.

Managing Keys

Overview

In This Chapter

Overview ........................................................................................................................87

Commands ..................................................................................................................... 87

Overview

The PGP keys you create and those you obtain from others are stored in digital

keyrings; private keys are stored on your private keyring in a file named secring.skr

and public keys are stored on your public keyring in a file called pubring.pkr.

Commands you can use to manage your keys are described in this chapter.

Commands

--add-adk

Adds an ADK to a key. Keys can support multiple ADKs, if desired.

An Additional Decryption Key (ADK) is a key that allows an authorized person,

generally in an organization, to decrypt data this is from or was sent to someone in the

organization if that person is unable or unwilling to do it themselves.

Only RSA and DH/DSS v4 keys can have ADKs.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-adk <user> --adk <adk> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

ADK is being added.

<adk> is the specific ADK to be added to the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the ADK is being added.

Example:

pgp --add-adk "Bob Smith" --adk Alice --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add ADK (0:ADKs successfully updated)

Adds the specified ADK to the specified key.

88 Managing Keys

Commands

--add-photoid

Adds a photo ID to a key. You can add just one photo ID to a key using PGP Command

Line. Other programs that are compatible with PGP Command Line support allow more

than one photo ID added to a file; PGP Command Line can work with these extra photo

IDs.

Only JPEG files can be added. For maximum picture quality, crop the picture to 120 by

144 pixels before adding it.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-photoid <user> --image <photo.jpg> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

photo ID is being added.

<photo.jpg> is the filename of the image being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the photo ID is being added.

Example:

pgp --add-photoid Alice --image alice.jpg --passphrase

"cam3r0n"

0x3E439B98:add photo ID (0:photo ID added successfully)

Adds the image alice.jpg to the specified key.

--add-preferred-cipher

Adds a preferred cipher to a key.

If the preferred cipher is already on the key, it is moved to the top of the list. Only RSA

v4 and DH/DSS v4 keys can have a preferred cipher.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-preferred-cipher <user> --cipher <cipher> --

passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred cipher is being added.

<cipher> is the preferred cipher being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-cipher "Bob Smith" --cipher aes256 --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add preferred cipher (0:preferred ciphers updated)

Adds the cipher AES256 to the specified key.

Managing Keys

Commands

--add-preferred-compression-algorithm

Adds a preferred compression algorithm to a key.

If the preferred compression algorithm is already on the key, it is moved to the top of

the list. Only RSA v4 and DH/DSS v4 keys can have a preferred compression algorithm.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-preferred-compression-algorithm <user> --

compression-algorithm <algo> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred compression algorithm is being added.

<algo> is the preferred compression algorithm being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-compression-algorithm "bob@example.com" --

compression-algorithm bzip2 --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add preferred compression algorithm (0:preferred

compression algorithms updated)

Adds the compression algorithm Bzip2 to the specified key.

--add-preferred-email-encoding

Adds a preferred email encoding to a key.

If the preferred email encoding is already on the key, it is moved to the top of the list.

Only RSA v4 and DH/DSS v4 keys can have a preferred email encoding.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-preferred-email-encoding <user> --email-encoding

<encoding> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred email encoding is being added.

<encoding> is the preferred email encoding being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-email-encoding "Bob Smith" --email-

encoding pgpmime --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Adds the email encoding pgpmime to the specified key.

90 Managing Keys

Commands

--add-preferred-hash

Adds the preferred hash encryption algorithm to a key and lists it on the top of the hash

list. Note that a key must be at least v4 to have preferred hashes.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-preferred-hash <user> --hash <hash> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred hash is being added.

<hash> is the preferred hash being added to a key. You can add several preferred

hashes to a key, one at a time. The newly added preferred hash will appear on top

of the hash list.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the preferred hashes are being

added.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-hash "Bob Smith" --hash sha512 --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred hash SHA-512 and displays it on top of the hash list.

--add-revoker

Adds a revoker to a key. It is possible that you might forget your passphrase or lose

your private key, which would mean that you could never use it again and you would

have no way of revoking it. To safeguard against this latter possibility, you can add a

key to your keyring as a revoker, which could be used to revoke your key if you could

not do it.

Only RSA and DH/DSS v4 keys can have revokers.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-revoker <user> --revoker <revoker> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

revoker is being added.

<revoker> is the specific revoker to be added to the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the revoker is being added.

Example:

pgp --add-revoker "Bob Smith" --revoker Alice --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add revoker (0:revokers successfully updated)

Adds the specified revoker to the specified key.

Revoker: 0x3E439B98 (0xA9B1D2723E439B98)

Managing Keys

Commands

User ID: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

--add-userid

Adds a user ID to a key. You can add as many user IDs as you want to a key. To add a

photo ID, use --add-photoid.

The usage format is:

pgp --add-userid <user> --user <newID> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

user ID is being added.

<newID> is the user ID being added to the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the user ID is being added.

Example:

pgp --add-userid "bob@example.com" --user Alice --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the specified user ID to the specified key.

--cache-passphrase

Caches the passphrase for a key for the current session. Caching your passphrase can

save you time in that you do not have to enter it for those operations that require it.

Passphrase caching must be enabled (using the option --passphrase-cache) for this

command to work.

Make sure to log out at the end of your session (which purges the passphrase cache) or

purge the passphrase cache manually using the command --purge-passphrase-

cache.

The number of cached passphrases can be checked with --version in verbose mode.

The usage format is:

pgp --cache-passphrase <user> --passphrase <pass> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

passphrase is being cached.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

[options] change the behavior of the command. Options are:

--passphrase-cache enables passphrase caching. This is optional, since you

can enable passphrase caching by changing the passphrase cache settings in the

configuration file PGPprefs.xml from false to true.

--passphrase-cache-timeout sets the amount of time a passphrase can be

cached, in seconds. The default is 120. If you enter 0 (zero), the passphrase cache

will not timeout; it must be specifically purged.

Examples:

92 Managing Keys

Commands

1 pgp --cache-passphrase "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --

passphrase-cache

0x6245273E:cache passphrase (0:key passphrase cached)

Caches the passphrase of the specified key. Since no timeout is specified, the

default of 120 seconds will be used.

2 pgp --cache-passphrase "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --

passphrase-cache --passphrase-cache-timeout 0

0x6245273E:cache passphrase (0:key passphrase cached)

Caches the passphrase of the specified key and establishes a timeout of 0, which

means the passphrase cache must be specifically purged to remove the passphrase

from memory.

--change-passphrase

Changes the passphrase for a key and all subkeys (if the key has any).

The usage format is:

pgp --change-passphrase <user> --passphrase <oldpass> --new-

passphrase <newpass> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

passphrase is being changed.

<oldpass> is the old passphrase of the key. It is not needed if the key has no

<newpass> is the new passphrase of the key.

[options] change the behavior of the command. Options are:

--master-key specifies that only the master key of the key provided will have its

passphrase changed.

--subkey specifies that only the subkey of the key provided will have its

passphrase changed.

Examples:

1 pgp --change-passphrase "Bob Smith" --passphrase "sm1t4" --

new-passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Replaces the old passphrase sm1t4 with the new passphrase b0bsm1t4 for the

specified key and its subkey.

2 pgp --change-passphrase "Bob Smith" --master-key --passphrase

"sm1t4" --new-passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Replaces the old passphrase sm1t4 on the master key of the specified key with a

new passphrase b0bsm1t4.

3 pgp --change-passphrase "Bob Smith" --subkey ABCD1234 --

passphrase "" --new-passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Replaces the non-existant passphrase on the subkey of an SCKM key with a new

passphrase.

Managing Keys

Commands

--clear-key-flag

Clears one of the key's preferences flags.

The usage format is:

pgp --clear-key-flag <user> [--subkey <subkeyID>] --key-flag

<flag> [--passphrase <pass>]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the user whose key

preferences flag is being cleared.

<flag> is the key preferences flag to be cleared. See --key-flag for more

details.

<subkeyID> is the subkey ID of the key whose key preferences flag is being

cleared.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key for which the preferences flag is being

cleared.

Example:

pgp --clear-key-flag Bob --key-flag encrypt --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Clear the key preference flag "encrypt" from Bob’s key.

--disable

Disables a key or keypair.

Disabling a key or key pair prevents it from being used without deleting it. Note that

you cannot disable an axiomatic key.

The usage format is:

pgp --disable <user>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key being

disabled.

Examples:

1 pgp --disable "Jose Medina"

0xF6EFC4D9:disable key (3067:key is axiomatic)

You cannot disable Jose’s key since it is axiomatic.

2 pgp --disable "Maria Fuentes"

0x136259CB:disable key (0:key successfully disabled)

Maria’s public key is disabled.

94 Managing Keys

Commands

--enable

Enables a key or key pair that has been disabled.

Once enabled, you can use the key or key pair again.

The usage format is:

pgp --enable <user>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key being

enabled.

Example:

pgp --enable "Maria Fuentes"

0x136259CB:enable key (0:key successfully enabled)

Maria’s key is enabled.

--export, --export-key-pair

Exports a key or key pair to send to someone or for backup.

The usage format is:

pgp --export/--export-key-pair <input> [options]

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key you want to

export.

[options] change the behavior of the command. Options are:

--output lets you specify a different name for the exported file.

--export-format specifies an export format from the following list of

supported formats. If this option is omitted, the keys are exported as ASCII armor

files (.asc). See Export Format (on page 95).

--cert. This option is the X.509 issuer long name or the 32-bit or 64-bit key ID, if

the signing key is available.

--export-passphrase specifies the passphrase to use when exporting PKCS8

and PKCS12 data. See Export Format (on page 95).

--passphrase belongs to the key that has a certificate. If only --passphrase is

supplied, PGP Command Line does the following depending on the used argument:

 valid. Exports the key with no passphrase.

 invalid. Gives an error.

To specify no passphrase, use the empty string " ".

Note that when you are exporting a key pair, the operation succeeds only when there is

a unique key pair that contains the string you specify as input (see examples).

Managing Keys

Commands

At least one key must be specified for export. If --export-format is omitted, keys are

exported as ASCII armor (.asc) files into the current directory. Keys can also be

exported in other formats; refer to Export Format (on page 95) for detailed information.

The command --export exports only public keys, while the command --export-

key-pair exports the entire key pair.

Examples:

 Export selected public keys

pgp --export Bob

0x6245273E:export key (0:key exported to Bob Smith.asc)

0xF6F83318:export key (0:key exported to Bob Reynolds.asc)

All public keys that contain the string "Bob" were exported.

 Export public and private keys

pgp --export-key-pair "bob@example.com"

0x6245273E:export key pair (0:key exported to Bob Smith.asc)

Bob's key pair was exported to the ASCII-armored file "Bob Smith.asc".

 Problematic export command

pgp --export-key-pair Bob

Bob:export key pair (2003:too many matches for key to edit)

The operation cannot be completed because there is more than one key pair that

contains the string: "Bob".

 Export the private key associated with the top X.509 certificate

pgp --export "Bob Smith" --export-format pkcs12 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4" --cert 0x6245273E

0x6245273E:export key (0:key exported to Bob Smith.p12)

Bob's key pair is exported to a file "Bob Smith.p12".

Export Format

PGP Command Line supports multiple export formats:

 Complete (default): Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension

is .asc. Use Complete to export keys in a newer format that supports all PGP

features.

 Compatible: Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension is .asc.

Use Compatible to export keys in a format compatible with older versions of

PGP software; that is, PGP software versions 7.0 and prior. Some newer PGP

features are not supported when using Compatible.

 X.509-cert: Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension is .crt.

The <input> must match exactly one key, and --cert is required.

 PKCS8: This format can produce unencrypted and encrypted PKCS8. Only ASCII-

armored files are output; the default file extension is .p8. A signed key must be

paired. The <input> must match exactly one key.

96 Managing Keys

Commands

The passphrase options change the passphrase of the exported key. They do not

change the passphrase of the local key.

 If no --passphrase is supplied, the cache and an empty passphrase is tried.

If successful, the found passphrase is used as though it were supplied with

the command.

 If --passphrase and --export-passphrase are supplied and --

passphrase is valid, then the private key is exported as encrypted PKCS8.

The --export-passphrase is used to encrypt the result.

 If only --passphrase is supplied and the passphrase is valid, the private

key is exported without being encrypted. If the supplied passphrase is

invalid, an error is generated.

 PKCS12: Only binary blocks are output; the default file extension is .p12. A signed

key must be paired. The <input> must match exactly one key.

The passphrase options change the passphrase of the exported key and certificate.

They do not change the passphrase of the local key.

 If no --passphrase is supplied, the cache and an empty passphrase is tried.

If successful, the found passphrase is used as though it were supplied with

the command.

 If only --passphrase is supplied and the passphrase is valid, the key and

certificate are exported without encryption. If the supplied passphrase is

invalid, an error is generated.

 If --passphrase and --export-passphrase are supplied and --

passphrase is valid, then the key and the certificate are exported as

encrypted PKCS12. The --export-passphrase is used to encrypt the

result.

 Certificate signing request (CSR): Only ASCII-armored blocks are output. The default

file extension is .csr. Key must be paired. The input must match exactly one key.

The preferred method to create a CSR is to associate the certificate with a specific

subkey using the --subkey option.

--export-photoid

Exports a photo ID from a key to a file. There must be a photo ID on the key for it to be

exported. Only JPEG files are supported. Resulting files are saved to the current

directory.

The usage format is:

pgp --export-photoid <user> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the photo ID is being exported.

[options] change the behavior of a command. Options are:

--index specifies which photo ID on the key should be exported. 1 indicates the

first photo ID, 2 the second photo, and so on.

--output is a desired filename.

Managing Keys

Commands

Examples:

1 pgp --export-photoid "Alice C"

Exports the photo ID to filename "alice c.jpg".

2 pgp --export-photoid "Alice C" --output photoid.jpg

Exports the photo ID to filename "photoid.jpg".

3 pgp --export-photoid "Alice C" --index 2

Exports the second photo ID on the key to filename "alice c.jpg".

--gen-key

Creates a new key. It also creates a keyring pair if no keyrings exist.

The usage format is:

pgp --gen-key <user> --key-type <type> --encryption-bits

<bits> --passphrase <pass> [--signing-bits <bits>] [options]

Where:

<user>. This is a user for whom the key is being generated. A common user ID is

your name and email address in the format: "Alice Cameron

<alice@example.com>". If your user ID contains spaces, you must enclose it in

quotation marks.

<type> is the key type: rsa, rsa-sign-only, dh, or dh-sign-only.

--encryption-bits. This is the length of the encryption subkey in bits (1024 -

4096; for DSA keys, 1024, 2048, or 3072 only). When generating sign-only keys

(keys without a subkey), you can specify --bits only to define the signing key

size.

<pass> is a passphrase of your choice. This flag is not optional: to generate a key

without a passphrase, use --passphrase " ".

--signing-bits defines the length of the signing key in bits. The valid sizes in

bits for signing keys are as follows: for RSA v4 1024 to 4096 bits; and for DH 1024,

2048, or 3072 bits. For RSA v4 keys, this option can be set independently from --

bits.

[options] modify the behavior of the command. Options are:

--adk specifies an ADK (Additional Decryption Key). See --adk for more

information.

--compression-algorithm sets the compression algorithm. Note that this

option does not work with public-key encryption, because in this case the

recipient’s key preferences are used. The default for this option is zip. See --

compression-algorithm for more information.

--creation-date changes the date of creation. The format is yyyy-mm-dd

and it cannot be used together with --creation-days. Month and day do not

have to be two digits if the first digit is zero.

98 Managing Keys

Commands

--creation-days changes the number of days until creation ("1" equals next

day, "2" equals day after next, etc.)

--expiration-date changes the date of expiration. The format is yyyy-mm-dd.

This option cannot be used at the same time as

--expiration-days. Month and day do not have to be two digits if the first digit

is zero.

--expiration-days changes the number of days until expiration. The default is

not set (no expiration).

--fast-key-gen enables fast key generation. The default is on.

--preferred-keyserver specifies a preferred keyserver. The keyserver must

have the correct prefix: http://, ldap://, ldaps://, or hkp://.

--revoker specifies a revoker for a key. See --revoker for more information.

Any cipher lets you specify which ciphers can be used with the key being generated;

see --SET-PREFERRED-CIPHERS for more information.

Any compression algorithm lets you specify which compression algorithms can be

used with the key being generated; see --SET-PREFERRED-COMPRESSION-ALGORITHMS for more

information.

Any preferred hash lets you specify which hashes can be used with the key being

generated; see --SET-PREFERRED-HASHES for more information.

Any preferred email encoding lets you specify which email encodings can be used with

the key being generated; see --SET-PREFERRED-EMAIL-ENCODINGS for more information.

Examples:

1 pgp --gen-key "Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>" --key-type rsa

--encryption-bits 2048 --signing-bits 2048 --passphrase

"cam3r0n" --expiration-date 2009-06-01

Creates a key pair for Alice with the expiration date June 1, 2009

2 pgp --gen-key "Fumiko Asako <fumiko@example.com>" --encryption-

bits 2048 --signing-bits 2048 --key-type rsa --passphrase

"Fumik*asak0" --preferred-keyserver "ldap://keys.example.com"

Creates a key pair for Fumiko with the preferred keyserver

"ldap://keys.example.com".

3 pgp --gen-key ... --aes256 1 --3des 2 --preferred-keyserver

ldap://aes.pgp.com

Creates a key pair with aes256 as the preferred cipher and 3des as the secondary

cipher.

Key Types

PGP Command Line gives you several key types to choose from: RSA, RSA-sign-only,

DH, and DH-sign-only:

 RSA. RSA v4 keys support all PGP key features, such as ADKs, designated revoker,

preferred ciphers, multiple encryption subkeys, or photo IDs. Their size is 1024

bits to 4096 bits.

Managing Keys

Commands

 RSA-sign-only. These are RSA v4 keys with no automatically generated subkey. You

can generate a subkey for this key later by using --gen-subkey. Like any other

v4 keys, they support all PGP key features, such as ADKs, designated revoker,

preferred ciphers, and so on.

 DH. Diffie-Hellman (DH/DSS) signing keys can be 1024, 2048, or 3072 bits (per

FIPS 186-3). Version 4 keys support all PGP key features, such as ADKs, designated

revoker, preferred ciphers. This is a DH/DSS key with no automatically generated

subkey. Version 4 keys support all PGP key features, such as ADKs, designated

revoker, preferred ciphers, and so on.

 DH-sign-only. This is a DH/DSS key without an encryption subkey.

Note: rsa-legacy keys can no longer be generated by PGP Command Line. They will be

recognized if used, but you cannot generate new keys of this type.

--gen-revocation

Generates a revocation certificate for a key, but does not revoke the key on the key ring.

By default, the revocation certificate is exported as if you have used the command --

export.

The usage format is:

pgp --gen-revocation <user> --passphrase <pass> --force [--revoker

<revoker>][--output <output>]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key being

revoked.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key being revoked.

--force is required to revoke a key.

<revoker> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the designated

revoker key. When this option is used, the passphrase belongs to the revoker key.

This option is not needed if you use a designated revoker or if you are doing self

revocation.

<output> is used to change the location of the exported certificate.

Example:

pgp --gen-revocation "Jose Medina" --passphrase "Jose*Med1na"

--force

0xF6EFC4D9:generate revocation (0:key exported to Jose

Medina.asc)

0xF6EFC4D9:generate revocation (2094:this key has NOT been

permanently revoked)

Generates the revocation certificate "Jose Medina.asc".

100 Managing Keys

Commands

--gen-subkey

Generates a subkey on an existing key. The key must be allowed to have subkeys or the

operation fails. The subkey is always of the same type as the key to which it is being

added.

The usage format is:

pgp --gen-subkey <user> --bits <bits> --passphrase <pass>

[options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key that is getting

the subkey.

<bits> specifies the length of the encryption subkey in bits. Values are 1024 to

4096.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key that is getting a subkey.

[options] change the behavior of the command. Options are:

--creation-date specifies the date on which the key becomes valid. You cannot

use --creation-date and --creation-days for the same operation.

--creation-days specifies the number of days until creation.

--expiration-date specifies the date the key expires. You cannot use --

expiration-date and --expiration-days in one operation.

--expiration-days specifies the number of days until expiration.

Example:

pgp --gen-subkey "bob@example.com" --bits 2048 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x3D58AE31:generate subkey (0:subkey successfully generated)

Generates a subkey of the specified number of bits on Bob’s key:

Subkey ID: 0x3D58AE31 (0xAEE6484D3D58AE31)

Type: RSA (v4)

Size: 2048

Created: 2005-11-18

Expires: Never

Status: Active

Revocable: Yes

Prop Flags: Encrypt communications

Prop Flags: Encrypt storage

--get-email-encoding

Displays the email encoding of the specified key: either PGP/MIME or S/MIME.

Managing Keys

Commands

101

PGP/MIME keys are normal PGP keys, including all keys created by PGP Desktop and

imported bundle keys created by PGP Desktop 9.5 or greater. S/MIME keys are PGP

keys created by PGP Desktop versions prior to 9.5 where an X.509 certificate was

imported and a PGP key "wrapped" around it (also called a wrapper key).

The usage format is:

pgp --get-email-encoding <user>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or key ID of the key.

Example:

pgp --get-email-encoding 0x1234ABCD

The email encoding for the specified key will be displayed.

--import

Imports a key or keys to the local keyring.

The file containing the key(s) to be imported should be in the current directory, or you

must specify the fully qualified path to the file containing the keys. Note that both

private and public keys will be imported, if they exist in the file. If a key being imported

already exists in the local keyring, the keys are merged.

When importing PKCS-12 X.509 certificates (a digital certificate format used by most

Web browsers), you have two options:

 for keys created by a version of PGP Desktop prior to 9.5, create a wrapper key.

You must use the --wrapper-key option.

 for keys created by a version of PGP Desktop 9.5 or greater, create a bundle key.

A wrapper key is a PGP key based on the X.509 certificate being imported. A bundle key

is a PGP key with the X.509 certificate information imported as subkeys on the PGP key.

A bundle key allows for greater flexibility for use of the key; any operational

restrictions will be respected and bundle keys are compatible with other OpenPGP

applications.

Note: Only X.509 certificates that include a private key can be imported.

The usage format is:

pgp --import <input> [<input2> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the filename of the key being imported. Multiple keys can also be

imported by listing them, separated by a space.

[options] modify the behavior of the command. Options are:

--import-format specifies the import format for the current operation. See --

import-format for more information.

--manual-import-keys changes the behavior of PGP Command Line when keys

are found during import operations. The default is all.

--manual-import-key-pairs changes the behavior of PGP Command Line

when key pairs are found during an import operation.

102 Managing Keys

Commands

--passphrase is the passphrase of the key being imported.

--new-passphrase is the new passphrase of the bundle key being imported.

--local-user is the key ID of an existing bundle key.

--local mode runs the operation in local mode.

Examples:

1 pgp --import "Bob Smith.asc"

Bob Smith.asc:import key (0:key imported as 0x6245273E Bob

Smith <bob@example.com>)

Imports Bob Smith's key "Bob Smith.asc".

pgp --import key.p12 --wrapper-key --passphrase <p12pass>

Imports file "key.p12" as a wrapper key. The passphrase to the PKCS-12 private

key is provided.

pgp --import key.p12 --passphrase <p12pass> --new-passprhase

"0b*Sm1t4"

pgp --import encrypt.p12 --passphrase <p12pass> --new-

passphrase "B0b*Sm1t4"

In a two-step process, imports file key.p12 as a bundle key that includes a signing

and encryption subkey.

pgp --import key.p12 --passphrase <p12pass> --new-passprhase

"B0b*Sm1t4"

pgp --import encrypt.p12 --passphrase <p12pass> --new-

passphrase "B0b*Sm1t4" --local-user <existingbundlekeyID>

In a two-step process, imports the file key.p12 and adds the certificate to an

existing bundle key.

--join-key

This command joins the shares of a key that was previously split.

The minimum number of share files must be on the computer where the key is being

joined. The passphrase cache must be enabled for this command to work with public

keys that have passphrases; no passphrase caching is required for public keys with no

passphrases.

Since PGP Command Line currently cannot cache symmetrical passphrases, you need to

enter all necessary symmetrical passphrases onto the command line during key joining.

The symmetrical passphrases are added together with corresponding share files onto

the command line.

You can also turn on automatic passphrase caching by changing the value for

CLpassphraseCache from false/ to true/ in the preference file PGPprefs.xml,

which is located in your Data directory.

Following is an overview of how PGP Command Line handles key joining:

 Local shares are always assembled before PGP Command Line begins listening on

the network for remote shares.

 If the local shares are based on keys with passphrases, the passphrases must be

cached.

Managing Keys

Commands

103

 If the local shares are conventionally encrypted, the passphrase must be supplied

on the command line.

 If there are enough local shares for reconstruction of the key, PGP Command Line

does not listen on the network for remote shares.

If you are experiencing problems with your local shares, perform the --join-key

command without --force; PGP Command Line will return all of the information

about each local file share that it has found, including whether or not the passphrases

are correct. If you find problems without --force, fix them. Once all problems with the

local shares are fixed, add --force and --skep to have PGP Command Line listen on

the network for remote shares after collecting the local shares.

The usage format is:

pgp --join-key <user> --passphrase <new pass> --share <share1>

--share <share2> [--share <shareN> ...] [--force] [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key you want to

join. You must make an exact match, as you can only join one key at a time.

<new pass> This is the passphrase of the newly joined key. It is given to the new

key after the threshold requirement is removed: there were enough shares put

together for the key to be joined.

<share1> <share2> are share files given to a specific user when the key was

split. When you join the key using these shares, you need to reach the threshold:

the minimum number of shares needed for joining operation to succeed.

You need to supply the symmetric passphrases incorporated with the shares for

any share users who have such passphrases.

The share file format for users with symmetric passphrases (that cannot be cached

for this operation) is as follows:

--share "<share user>-2-<split key ID>.shf:<share user's

symmetric passphrase>" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11"

The share file format for users with asymmetric passphrases (that must be cached

for this operation) is as follows:

--share "<share user>-1-<split key ID>.shf" --share "Alice

Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf"

--force. If you run the --join command without the --force option, PGP

Command Line will not join the key: it will only list the state of the shares in the

preview mode. The output will not be displayed if there are parse errors, or if a key

is missing or unable to decrypt.

The key shares preview will report if there are enough shares to join the key and if

there are invalid (or not cached) passphrases.

--skep. PGP Command Line uses this option when joining split keys over the

network. It looks for split files on the network and if it doesn't find enough of

them, it continues to listen using the timeout defined by the option --skep-

timeout.

--skep-timeout changes the timeout for joining keys over the network. There is

no value reserved to indicate no timeout. Default is 120 seconds

-v|--verbose will give a detailed overview of the operation.

104 Managing Keys

Commands

Examples:

1 In this example, the original key was split in 50 shares with a threshold of 40.

Therefore, you need only 40 shares in order to join the key: you can take shares

from two share users who together have 40 shares.

In order to join a key, you need first to cache passphrases of the users whose

shares you are joining:

pgp --cache-passphrase "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --

passphrase-cache 0x2B65A65E:cache passphrase

(0:key passphrase cached)

You will enter the symmetrical passphrase together with the shares onto the

command line (Jill's passphrase in this example):

pgp --join-key "Alice Cameron" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --share

"Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11"

2 pgp --join-key "Alice Cameron" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --share

"Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11" --force --skep --skep-timeout 300

Tells the key joining operation to wait 5 minutes before it times out.

Command output for --join-key

Row 1: Split Key User Name

Name: "Split Key User"

Value: Primary user ID of the key being split, in this case "Alice Cameron".

Row 2: Split Key ID

Name: "Split Key ID"

Value: The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0xEB778BFA (0xEF20715FEB778BFA)

Row 3: Empty

Row 4: Threshold

Name: "Threshold"

Value: This is the threshold for the key being split (minimum number of shares to put

the key back together).

If threshold cannot be determined when joining a key, the character "?" is displayed.

This can happen when PGP Command Line displays this information before it listens

for network shares.

Row 5: Total Shares

Name: "Total Shares"

Value: Join. This is the number of shares being collected from the file shares.

Row 6: Total Users

Name: "Total Users"

Managing Keys

Commands

105

Value: Join. This is the total number of users from whom PGP Command Line has

collected file shares. When joining a key using --skep, network shares will not show

here because they are collected after this information is displayed.

Row 7: Empty

Row 8-N: Share User

Name: Share User

Value: The parsed value of each share in the following format:

Share User: 20 0xB910E083 Bob Smith

 Number of shares assigned to a specific user (3 characters, left justified).

 Key ID of the share recipient. For public key encryption, this is a key ID in

standard format, while for symmetric encryption, this is the string "symmetric".

 The name of the share recipient. For public key encryption, this is the primary

user ID string; for symmetric encryption, this is the name provided in the --

share option.

If there are no share users specified, "N/A" is displayed. This can only happen when

joining a key with the --skep option enabled.

pgp --join-key "Alice Cameron" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --share

"Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11" --force

The key is joined:

0xEB778BFA:join key (3134:reconstructed split key passphrase

is valid)

0xEB778BFA:join key (0:key joined successfully)

--join-key-cache-only

Use this command to temporarily join a key on the local machine. After the key is

joined, it is not saved to the disk: instead, the key remains split and the newly joined key

is cached for later use.

The passphrase cache must be enabled for this command to work with public keys that

have passphrases; no passphrase caching is required for public keys with no

passphrases.

The usage format is:

pgp --join-key-cache-only <user> --share <share1> --share

<share2> [--share <shareN> ...] --force [-v|--verbose][--skep]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key being joined.

<share1> and <share2> are the share files given to specific users when the key

was split. When you join the key using these shares, you need to reach the

threshold: the minimum number of shares needed for joining operation to

succeed. The minimum number of shares is two.

For more information, refer to the command --join-key.

106 Managing Keys

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--force. If you run the --join-key-cache-only command without this

option, PGP Command Line will not join the key: it will only list the state of the

shares in the preview mode. The output will not be displayed if there are parse

errors, if a key is missing, or PGP Command Line was unable to decrypt.

The key shares preview will report if there are enough shares to join the key. and if

there are invalid (or not cached) passphrases.

-v|--verbose. This option will give a detailed overview of the operation.

--skep. PGP Command Line uses this option when joining split keys: it looks for

split files on the network. If it doesn't find enough of split files, it will continue to

listen on the network using the timeout defined by the option --skep-timeout.

Before you run --join-key-cache-only, refer to --passphrase-cache for

more explanation on enabling passphrase caching.

Example:

pgp --join-key-cache-only "Alice Cameron" --passphrase

"Alice*Camer0n" --share "Alice Cameron-1-Alice

Cameron.shf:brapa1" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jose

Medina.shf:med1na" --force

Split Key User: Alice Cameron

Split Key ID: 0xB910E083 (0xBCC87BD2B910E083)

Threshold: 20

Total Shares: 20

Total Users: 2

Share User: 10 symmetric Alice Cameron

Share User: 10 symmetric Jose Medina

0xB910E083:join key cache only (3134:reconstructed split key

passphrase is valid)

0xB910E083:join key cache only (0:key passphrase cached)

After the key is joined, it is not saved to the disk: instead, the key remains split and

the passkey is cached for later use.

--key-recon-send

Sends PGP key reconstruction data to a PGP Universal Server.

Key reconstruction works with PGP Universal Version 2.0 or greater (it is not supported

by Version 1.x PGP Universal, nor does it work with PGP Keyserver Version 7.0).

Key reconstruction lets you store your private key and passphrase so that only you can

retrieve it. It is a safety net in case you lose your private key or its passphrase.

Key reconstruction requires a PGP Universal Server that is getting user data from an

account on an Active Directory server. If no reconstruction server is specified, the

preferred server on the key will be used.

When setting up key reconstruction, you create five questions and answers. To

reconstruct the key, you must answer three or more of the five questions correctly (the

threshold of three correct answers is not configurable).

The usage format is:

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107

pgp --key-recon-send <key> [--question <q1> ... --question

<q5>] [--answer <a1> ... --answer <a5>] --passphrase <pass> --

auth-username <auth user> --auth-passphrase <auth pass> [--

recon-server <recon server>]

Where:

<key> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

reconstruction data you want to send to a PGP Universal Server.

<q1> is a first of five questions that only you can answer.

<a1> is the answer to the first question. Answers must be at least six characters

long.

<pass> is the passphrase to your private key.

<auth user> is your username on an Active Directory server. This username

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

<auth pass> is your passphrase on an Active Directory server. This passphrase

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

<recon server> is the PGP Universal Server on which your key reconstruction

information is stored.

Examples:

1 pgp --key-recon-send 0xEB778BFA --question "First question?" -

-answer "First answer" ... --auth-username myuser --auth-

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

The specified key (0xEB778BFA)is sent to the preferred server on the key

accompanied by the five questions and answers and the authorization username

and passphrase for the Active Directory server.

2 pgp --key-recon-send 0xEB778BFA --question "First question?" -

-answer "First answer" ... --question "Fifth question?" --

answer "Fifth answer" --auth-username myuser --auth-passphrase

"B0bsm1t4" --recon-server 10.1.1.45

The specified key (0xEB778BFA)is sent to the PGP Universal Server with IP

address of 10.1.1.45 accompanied by the five questions and answers and the

authorization username and passphrase for the Active Directory server.

--key-recon-recv-questions

Retrieves PGP key reconstruction questions for a specified key.

In order to be retrieved, the key reconstruction questions must already reside on the

PGP Universal Server.

PGP Command Line responds to a successful request in the following format:

User ID: <user>

Key ID: <keyID>

Question 1: <question1>

...

Question 5: <question5>

108 Managing Keys

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Where:

<user> is the user ID of the key being reconstructed.

<keyID> is key ID of the key being reconstructed.

<question1> is the first of the five stored questions, <question2> is the second

of the five stored questions, and so on through <question5>, the last of the second

of the five stored questions.

The usage format is:

pgp --key-recon-recv-questions <key> --auth-username <auth

user> --auth-passphrase <auth pass> [--recon-server <recon

server>]

Where:

<key> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

reconstruction data you want to send to a PGP Universal Server.

<auth user> is your username on an Active Directory server. This username

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

<auth pass> is your passphrase on an Active Directory server. This passphrase

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

<recon server> is the PGP Universal Server on which your key reconstruction

information is stored.

Example:

pgp --key-recon-recv-questions 0x3D58AE31 --auth-username

myuser --auth-passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --recon-server 10.1.1.45

The PGP key reconstruction questions for the specified key (0x3D58AE31)are

retrieved from the specified PGP Universal Server.

--key-recon-recv

Reconstructs a private key locally, on successful completion of the five key

reconstruction questions.

A new passphrase must be specified, even if it is blank (" ").

The usage format is:

pgp --key-recon-recv <key> [--answer <a1> ... --answer <a5>] -

-new-passphrase <newpass> --auth-username <auth user> --auth-

passphrase <auth pass> [--recon-server <recon server>] --force

Where:

<key> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key being

reconstructed.

<a1> is the answer to the first question of the five questions that only you can

answer. Answers must be at least six characters long.

<newpass> is the new passphrase for your reconstructed private key.

<auth user> is your username on an Active Directory server. This username

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

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109

<auth pass> is your passphrase on an Active Directory server. This passphrase

will be authenticated by the PGP Universal Server.

<recon server> is the PGP Universal Server on which your key reconstruction

information is stored.

<force> is required.

Example:

pgp --key-recon-recv 0x3D58AE31 --answer "Answer 1" ... --

answer "Answer 5" --new-passphrase "cam3r0n-Alic&" --auth-

username myuser --auth-passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --recon-server

10.1.1.45

The answers to the questions stored for the specified key (0x3D58AE31) on the

specified PGP Universal Server are provided and the key is reconstructed.

--remove

Removes a public key (not private keys) from the local keyring.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove <input>

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key that is

being removed from the keyring.

Example:

pgp --remove 0x12345678

Removes the specified public key from the keyring.

--remove-adk

Removes a specific ADK from a key.

You can remove an ADK by name if the ADK is present on the local keyring. Otherwise,

you must use the key ID.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-adk <user> --adk <adk> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the ADK is being removed.

<adk> is the specific ADK to be removed from the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key from which the ADK is being removed.

Example:

pgp --remove-adk "Bob Smith" --adk Alice --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:remove ADK (0:ADKs successfully updated)

110 Managing Keys

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Removes the specified ADK from Bob’s key.

--remove-all-adks

Removes all ADKs from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-adks <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose ADKs

are being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --remove-all-adks alice@example.com --passphrase

"A1ice*cam3r0n"

0x3E439B98:remove all ADKs (0:ADKs successfully updated)

Removes all ADKs from Alice’s key.

--remove-all-photoids

Removes all photo IDs from a key. PGP Command Line can add only one photo ID, but it

can remove multiple photo IDs from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-all-photoids <user>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the user whose photo

IDs are being removed.

Example:

pgp --remove-all-photoids Alice

0xD0EA20A7:remove all photo IDs (0:removed photo IDs, 1)

All photo IDs are removed from Alice's key.

--remove-all-revokers

Removes all revokers from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-all-revokers <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

revokers are being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

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Example:

pgp --remove-all-revokers alice@example.com --passphrase "A1ice*cam3r0n"

0x3E439B98:remove all revokers (0:revokers successfully

updated)

Removes all revokers from Alice’s key.

--remove-expiration-date

Removes the expiration date from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-expiration-date <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

expiration date is being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --remove-expiration-date Cameron --passphrase

"A1ice*cam3r0n"

0x3E439B98:remove expire date (0:expiration date successfully

updated)

Removes the expiration date from Alice’s key.

--remove-key-pair

Removes a key pair from the local keyring. The option --force is required to make it

more difficult to accidentally remove a key pair.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-key-pair <input> --force

Where:

<input> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key pair that is

being removed from the keyring.

Example:

pgp --remove-key-pair "Jose Medina" --force

0xF6EFC4D9:remove key pair (0:key successfully removed)

Removes Jose’s key pair from the keyring.

--remove-photoid

Removes a photo ID from a key. There must be a photo ID on the key for it to be

removed.

The usage format is:

112 Managing Keys

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pgp --remove-photoid <user> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the photo ID is being removed.

--index specifies which photo ID on the key should be exported. 1 indicates the

first photo ID, 2 the second photo, and so on.

Examples:

1 pgp --remove-photoid "Bob Smith"

0x6245273E:remove photo ID (0:successfully removed photo ID)

Removes the photo ID from Bob’s key.

2 pgp --remove-photoid 0x12345678 --index 2

Removes only the second photo ID from the specified key.

--remove-preferred-cipher

Removes a preferred cipher from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-preferred-cipher <user> --cipher <cipher> --

passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the preferred cipher is being removed.

<cipher> is the preferred cipher being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-cipher "Bob Smith" --cipher blowfish --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:remove preferred cipher (0:preferred ciphers

updated)

Removes the cipher Blowfish from Bob’s key.

--remove-preferred-compression-algorithm

Removes a preferred compression algorithm from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-preferred-compression-algorithm <user> --

compression-algorithm <algo> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the preferred compression algorithm is being removed.

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113

<algo> is the preferred compression algorithm being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-compression-algorithm "Bob Smith" --

compression-algorithm bzip2 --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:remove preferred compression algorithm (0:preferred

compression algorithms updated)

Removes the compression algorithm Bzip2 from Bob’s key.

--remove-preferred-email-encoding

Removes the preferred email encoding from a key.

A key must be at least v4 to have a preferred email encoding.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-preferred-email-encoding <user> --email-encoding

<encoding> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the preferred email encoding is being removed.

<encoding> is the preferred email encoding being removed from a key. You can

remove several preferred email encodings from a key, one at a time.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key from which the preferred email encodings are

being removed.

Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-hash "Bob Smith" --email-encoding

pgpmime --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Removes the preferred email encoding pgpmime from Bob’s key.

--remove-preferred-hash

Removes the preferred hash from a key. A key must be at least v4 to have preferred

hashes.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-preferred-hash <user> --hash <hash> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the preferred hash is being removed.

<hash> is the preferred hash being removed from a key. You can remove several

preferred hashes from a key, one at a time.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key from which the preferred hashes are being

removed.

114 Managing Keys

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Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-hash "Bob Smith" --hash md5 --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Removes the preferred hash MD5 from Bob’s key.

--remove-preferred-keyserver

Removes the preferred keyserver from a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-preferred-keyserver <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the preferred keyserver is being removed.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-keyserver "Bob Smith" --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:remove preferred keyserver (0:preferred keyserver

removed)

The preferred keyserver is removed from Bob’s key.

--remove-revoker

Removes a specific revoker from a key. You can remove a revoker by name if the

revoker is present on the local keyring; otherwise, use the key ID.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-revoker <user> --revoker <revoker> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the revoker is being removed.

<revoker> is the specific revoker to be removed from the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key from which the revoker is being removed.

Examples:

pgp --remove-revoker Smith --revoker Alice --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:remove revoker (0:revokers successfully updated)

Removes the specified revoker from Bob’s key.

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--remove-sig

Removes a signature from your public key.

You can remove a signature from any key on the local keyring. The signature will be

merged back into the key when it is updated from the keyserver.

If you have posted your public key to a keyserver with the signature you are removing,

first remove your public key from the keyserver, remove the signature on your local

public key, and then post your key back to the keyserver. This will prevent the

signature from being merged back in on update.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-sig <user> --sig <signature>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the public key that

holds the signature you want to remove. Be specific since there can be multiple

signatures from the same user on different user IDs of the same key.

<sig> is the user ID or key ID of the key of the signature you are removing from

your public key. You must match this ID exactly.

Example:

pgp --remove-sig "Bob Smith" --sig 0x3E439B98

0x6245273E:remove signature (0:removed signature by user Alice

Cameron <alice@example.com>)

Removes a specific signature (0x3E439B98) from Bob’s key.

--remove-subkey

Removes a subkey from a key on the local keyring.

The only way to specify the subkey is by its key ID. The --force option is required to

make it more difficult to accidentally remove a subkey. No passphrase is required.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-subkey <user> --subkey <subkey> --force

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the subkey is being removed.

<subkey> is the key ID of the subkey being removed.

Example:

pgp --remove-subkey bob@example.com --subkey 0x3D58AE31 --force

0x3D58AE31:remove subkey (0:subkey successfully removed)

The specified subkey (0x3D58AE31)is removed from Bob’s key.

116 Managing Keys

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--remove-userid

Removes a user ID from a key. If a key has only one user ID, you cannot remove it; also,

when removing user IDs, you cannot remove the last user ID. You cannot have a key

with only a photo ID. This command does not remove photo IDs; refer to the --remove-

photoid command.

If you remove the primary user ID on a key, the next one below it becomes primary; to

establish a different primary user ID, use --set-primary-userid.

The usage format is:

pgp --remove-userid <user> --user <userID>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key from which

the user ID is being removed.

<userID> is the user ID being removed from the key.

Examples:

pgp --remove-userid "Bob Smith" --user Alice

0x6245273E:remove user ID (0:successfully removed Alice)

Removes the user ID "Alice" from Bob’s key.

--revoke

Revokes a key on the local keyring.

If for some reason you cannot trust a key pair, you can revoke it, which tells the world

to stop using your public key to encrypt data to you. The best way to circulate a revoked

key is to put it onto a public keyserver after you have revoked it.

--force is required to make it more difficult to accidentally revoke a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --revoke <user> [--revoker <revoker>] --passphrase <pass>

--force

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of user ID, or the key ID of the key being revoked.

<pass> is the passphrase to the key being revoked.

<revoker> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the designated

revoker key. When this option is used, the passphrase belongs to the revoker key.

This option is not needed if you use a designated revoker or if you are doing self

revocation.

Examples:

1 pgp --revoke "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --force

0x6245273E:revoke key (0:key successfully revoked)

Revokes Bob’s key from the local keyring.

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2 pgp --revoke "Bob Smith" --revoker "Maria Fuentes

<maria@example.com>" --passphrase "M*riafu3nt3s" --force

Maria Fuentes, the designated revoker, revokes Bob’s key.

--revoke-sig

Revokes your signature on a public key that you have previously signed. The public key

that you signed and whose signature you now want to revoke must be on the local

keyring to be revoked.

The usage format is:

pgp --revoke-sig <user> --sig <sig> --passphrase <pass>

[options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the public key you

signed and whose signature you now want to revoke. Be as specific as possible, as

there can be multiple signatures from the same user on different user IDs of the

same key.

<sig> is the user ID or key ID of the key of the person who is revoking their

signature.

<pass> is the passphrase of the private key of the person revoking their

signature.

Options:

<force> is required to revoke a signature.

Example:

pgp --revoke-sig Fumiko --sig 0x3E439B98 --passphrase

"Al1ce*cam3r0n" --force

0x5571A08B:revoke signature (0:revoked signature by user Alice

Cameron <alice@example.com>)

Alice removed her signature from Fumiko’s key using Alice’s passphrase.

--revoke-subkey

Revokes a subkey on a key on the local keyring.

The option --force is required to make it more difficult to accidentally revoke a

subkey.

The usage format is:

pgp --revoke-subkey <user> --subkey <subkey> --passphrase

<pass> --force

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key on which the

subkey is being revoked.

<subkey> is the key ID of the subkey being revoked.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key on which the subkey is being revoked.

118 Managing Keys

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Example:

pgp --revoke-subkey fumiko@example.com --subkey 0x29D55ACE --

passphrase "Fum1k0-asak0" --force

0x29D55ACE:revoke subkey (0:subkey successfully revoked)

The specified subkey on Fumiko’s key is revoked.

--send-shares

Sends key shares to a server that is joining a key and allows you to join a key over the

network. If shares are protected by a key with a passphrase, this passphrase must be

cached before sending the shares.

For more information, refer to the command --join-key.

The usage format is:

pgp --send-shares --share <share> --share-server <server> [--

signer <signer>][--passphrase <pass>]

Where:

<share> is the specific share you want to send to the server.

<server> is the URL of the server that is joining the shares

<signer> is the name of the key used to authenticate the connection.

<pass> is the passphrase of the signer authenticating the connection.

Example:

pgp --send-shares --share "Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --

share-server 172.30.100.51 --signer admin --passphrase

"adminpass"

This command sends the share of Alice's key assigned to Bob Smith to the server

172.30.100.51, where the connection is authenticated by the signer's key "admin"

and the passphrase "adminpass".

--set-expiration-date

Establishes an expiration date for a key.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-expiration-date <user> (--expiration-date <date>) --

passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose

expiration date is being set.

<date> is the date on which the key expires.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Examples:

pgp --set-expiration-date 0x12345678 --expiration-date 2009-

12-27 --passphrase "Merry#Pippen"

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Sets the expiration date for the specified key to December 27, 2009.

pgp --set-expiration-date 0x12345678 --expiration-days 365 --

passphrase "Saturday&Sunday"

Sets the specified key to expire in 365 days.

--set-key-flag

Sets one of the key preferences flags.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-key-flag <user> [--subkey <subkeyID>] --key-flag

<flag> [--passphrase <pass>]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the user whose key

preferences flag is being set.

<flag> is the key preferences flag to be set.

<subkeyID> is the subkey ID of the key whose key preferences flag is being set.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key for which the preferences flag is being set.

Example:

pgp --set-key-flag Bob --key-flag private-shared --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

0x2B65A65E:set key flag (0:flags updated successfully)

You have successfully set the properties preference flag on Bob's key to "private-

shared".

Prop Flags: Private shared

--set-preferred-ciphers

Sets the entire list of preferred ciphers on a key. Only RSA and DH/DSS v4 keys can

have preferred ciphers.

The numbering of the ciphers in the command determines which cipher is used first,

which is used second, and so on. The cipher set as 1 is the preferred cipher.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-preferred-ciphers <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred ciphers are being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

<ciphers> is one or more preferred ciphers.

Example:

120 Managing Keys

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pgp --set-preferred-ciphers 0x12345678 --passphrase

"bicycling#is*fun" --aes256 1 --cast5 2

Specifies that only the ciphers AES256 and CAST5 should be used for the specified

key, in that order.

--set-preferred-compression-algorithms

Sets the entire list of preferred compression algorithms on a key. Only RSA and

DH/DSS v4 keys can have preferred compression algorithms.

The numbering of the compression algorithms in the command determines which

compression algorithm is used first, which is used second, and so on. The compression

algorithm set as 1 is the preferred compression algorithm.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms <user> --passphrase

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred ciphers are being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

<compression algorithms is one or more preferred compression algorithms.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms 0x12345678 --

passphrase "bicycling#is*fun" --bzip2 1 --zlib 2 --zip 3

Specifies that the preferred compression algorithm is BZip2, followed by ZLib,

then Zip, in that order.

--set-preferred-email-encodings

Sets the entire list of preferred email encodings on a key. Only RSA and DH/DSS v4

keys can have preferred email encodings.

The numbering of the email encodings in the command determines which email

encoding is used first, which is used second, and so on. The email encoding set as 1 is

the preferred email encoding.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-preferred-email-encodings <user> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred ciphers are being added.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

<email encodings> is one or more preferred email encodings.

Example:

Managing Keys

Commands

121

pgp --set-preferred-email-encodings 0x12345678 --passphrase

"bicycling#is*fun" --pgp-mime 1 --partitioned 2

Specifies that the email encodings pgp-mime and partitioned should be used for

the specified key, in that order.

--set-preferred-hashes

Sets the entire list of hashes for a key (which can be only a v4 key).

The usage format is:

pgp --set-preferred-hashes <user> --passphrase <pass> <hash> 1

[<hash> 2...]

Where:

<user> the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key for which the

preferred hashes are being set.

<hash> is the preferred hash being set. The number following this option defines

the place on the hash list: the first hash (1) is always the preferred hash, and other

numbers are entered for conflict resolution.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key on which the preferred ciphers are being set.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-hashes "Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

--md5 1 --sha256 2 --sha384 3

0x2B65A65E:set preferred hashes (0:preferred hashes updated)

Sets MD5, SHA-256, and SHA-384 as preferred hashes for Bob's key.

Hash: MD5

Hash: SHA-256

Hash: SHA-384

--set-preferred-keyserver

Sets a preferred keyserver for a key. Only RSA and DH/DSS v4 keys can have a

preferred keyserver, and it can be only one preferred keyserver.

The full URL of the keyserver must be specified, such as

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-preferred-keyserver <user> --preferred-keyserver

<ks> --passphrase <pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

preferred keyserver is being set.

<ks> is the keyserver being set.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key.

Example:

122 Managing Keys

Commands

pgp --set-preferred-keyserver 0x12345678

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Sets ldap://keyserver.pgp.com as the preferred keyserver for the specified

key.

--set-primary-userid

Sets a new primary user ID on a key.

Photo IDs cannot be set as the primary user ID.

The usage format is:

pgp --set-primary-userid <user> --user <newID> --passphrase

<pass>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key to which the

new primary user ID is being added.

<newID> is the new primary user ID for the key.

<pass> is the passphrase of the key to which the new primary user ID is being

added.

Example:

pgp --set-primary-userid 0x12345678 --user "Alice Cameron

<acameron@example.com>" --passphrase "jrr*tolkien"

Adds the user ID "Alice Cameron <acameron@example.com>" to the specified key

and makes it the primary user ID.

--set-trust

Establishes the trust setting for a key.

Private keys can have trust settings of None or Implicit (for those for which you are the

owner). Public keys can have trust settings of None (Untrusted), Marginal, or Complete

(Trusted).

The usage format is:

pgp --set-trust <user> --trust <trust>

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key whose trust

is being set.

<trust> is trust setting you want to assign to the key. Options for private keys

are none and implicit. Options for public keys are none, marginal, and complete.

Examples:

pgp --set-trust 0x12345678 --trust implicit

Trust is set to Implicit for the specified private key.

pgp --set-trust 0xABCD1234 --trust marginal

Trust is set to Marginal for the specified public key.

Managing Keys

Commands

123

--sign-key

Signs every user ID on a key.

To sign a photo ID, use the --photo option. To sign just one photo ID among many, use

the --index option.

The usage format is:

pgp --sign-key <user> --signer <signer> --sig-type <type> --

passphrase <pass> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key you are

signing.

<pass> is the passphrase of the signer of the key.

[options] modify the behavior of the command. Options are:

--signer is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the signer of the

key. If no signer is specified, the default key is used for signing.

--sig-type is the signature type: local, exportable, meta-introducer, or trusted

introducer.

Signature Types

PGP Command Line supports several signature types:

 local means the signature is non-exportable, which means it cannot be sent

with the key to a keyserver or exported in any way. Use this signature when

you believe the key is valid, but you don’t want others to rely on your opinion

of the key.

 exportable means the signature is exportable, which means that the

signature can be sent with the key to a keyserver or exported with the key.

Use this signature when you believe the key is valid and you want others to

be able to rely on your opinion of the key. They are not obligated to rely on

your opinion, however.

 meta-introducer means this is a non-exportable meta-introducer, which

means that this key and any keys signed by this key with a trusted

introducer validity assertion are fully trusted introducers to you. This

signature type is not exportable.

 trusted-introducer means that you certify that this key is valid and that the

owner of the key should be completely trusted to vouch for other keys. This

signature type is exportable.

--trust-depth for meta-introducers and trusted introducers, you can specify

how many levels of trust your signature applies to. The default for meta-

introducer is 2, the default for trusted introducers is 1. The maximum depth for

both is 8.

--regular-expression lets you establish a domain restriction for trusted

introducers. This limits the trusted introducer’s certificate validation capabilities

to the domain you enter. For example, example.com.

Examples:

124 Managing Keys

Commands

pgp --sign-key "Bob Smith" --signer "alice@example.com" --sig-

type exportable --passphrase "A1ice*cam3r0n"

0x6245273E:sign key (0:certified user ID Bob Smith

<bob@example.com>)

Signs Bob’s key with an exportable signature.

--sign-userid

Signs a user ID on a key on the local keyring.

To sign a single user ID, specify that user ID uniquely. To sign a photo ID, use the --

photo option. To sign just one photo ID among many, use the --index option.

The usage format is:

pgp --sign-userid <user> --signer <signer> --sig-type <type> -

-passphrase <pass> [options]

Where:

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the user ID you are

signing.

<signer> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the signer of the

user ID.

<type> is the signature type: local, exportable, meta-introducer, or trusted

introducer. See Signature Types for complete descriptions.

<pass> is the passphrase of the signer of the user ID.

[options] modify the behavior of the command. Options are:

--trust-depth for meta-introducers and trusted introducers, you can specify

how many levels of trust your signature applies to. The default for meta-

introducer is 2, the default for trusted introducers is 1. The maximum depth for

both is 8.

--regular-expression lets you establish a domain restriction for trusted

introducers. This limits the trusted introducer’s certificate validation capabilities

to the domain you enter. For example, example.com.

--photo lets you sign a photo ID.

--index lets you sign one photo ID on a key when there are many. Specify 1 for

the first photo ID on the key, 2 for the second, and so on.

Examples:

pgp --sign-userid "specific user" --signer me --sig-type

exportable

Sign a specific user ID.

pgp --sign-userid key --photo --signer me ...

Sign the specified photo ID.

Managing Keys

Commands

125

--split-key

Splits a key into two or more share files, called shares.

When you split a key, you split it between a group of shareholders. Each shareholder is

assigned a certain number of shares in their share file; each shareholder can be

assigned a different number of shares.

You specify the number of shares required to reconstitute the key so that it can be used

(the threshold). For example, you could split a key into three shares with a threshold of

two. Two of the three share files would be required before the key could be used.

Key splitting is a way to protect an important key, like a Corporate Signing Key, so that

no one person can use the key unilaterally.

You must reconstitute a key using the --join-key command before you can use it

again; refer to --join-key for more information.

You can only split one key at a time, and a key cannot be split more than once. The

number of people who get shares of a key (called shareholders) must be from two to 99.

The maximum number of shares for a key is 255. A shareholder can have more than one

share.

You can encrypt a share to a public key or you can use the name of the shareholder, in

which case the share will be conventionally encrypted to a passphrase you specify.

Refer to --share for more information.

Running the --split-key command without the --force option causes PGP

Command Line to list the share information rather than split the key; refer to --split-key

Preview Mode for more information.

If the key you specify to be split is missing or not valid (revoked, disabled, and so on) or

there is an error in the entering of the command, preview mode will not work nor will

the key be split (depending on whether or not the --force option was used).

The share files are created based on the following:

 If --output is not used, the share filenames use the following format:

<split key common name>-#-<recipient common name>.shf

 If --output is a file, the share filenames use the following format:

<output>-#-<recipient common name>.shf

 If --output is a directory, the share filenames use the following format:

<output>/<split key common name>-#-<recipient common name>.shf

Where:

 # is the number of this share. The first share being a 1, the second a 2, and so on.

The number is a single digit if the number of shareholders is fewer than 10 or

double digits with zero padding from 10 to 99 (04, 09, 55, for example).

The usage format is:

pgp --split-key <user> --threshold <number> --share <share1> -

-share <share2> [--share <shareN> ...] --passphrase pass --

force [--output]

Where:

126 Managing Keys

Commands

<user> is the user ID, portion of the user ID, or the key ID of the key you want to

split. You must make an exact match, as you can only split one key at a time.

Maximum number of share users is 99 (inclusive).

--threshold is the threshold for the key being split: a minimum number of

shares you need to put the split key back together (or to sign or decrypt with the

key). It must be between 1 and the total number of shares (inclusive).

<share1> is the information that identifies share1, <share2> is the information

that identifies share2, and so on. Restrictions on the shares are as follows:

minimum number of shares per user is 1; maximum total number of shares (given

to all users) is 255.

--force. If you run --split-key without the option --force, you will be able

to see the preview mode before the actual key splitting occurs. There will be no

output if there are parse errors or if the specific key is missing or invalid (revoked,

disabled, etc.).

-- passphrase specifies the passphrase of the key being split. It can be omitted

if the key has no passphrase.

There is one option that can be user with the command --split-key:

--output lets you specify a different name for the share file. If output is not

used, share filenames look as follows:

Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf

<common name of the recipient>.shf

If output is a file, share filenames look as follows:

shares-1-Bob Smith.shf

<output file name>-<number of share users>-

<common name of the recipient>.shf

If output is a directory, share filenames look as follows:

shares/Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf

<output file name>/<common name of the split key user>-

<number of share users>-<common name of the recipient>.shf

The number of share users is presented with a single digit for less than 10 users,

and a double digit for 10 to 99 users (which is the limit).

Example:

pgp --split-key "Alice Cameron" --threshold 40 --share

"20:BobSmith" --share "20:Jill Johnson" --share "10:Mary Smith"

--passphrase "A1ice*cam3r0n"

Since you did not use --force, you will get the preview mode that gives you

information such as follows:

Split Key User: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Split Key ID: 0xEB778BFA (0xEF20715FEB778BFA)

Threshold: 40

Total Shares: 50

Total Users: 3

Managing Keys

Commands

127

Share User: 20 0x2B65A65E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Share User: 20 0x17452786 Jill Johnson <jill@example.com>

Share User: 10 0x17452786 Mary Smith <mary@example.com>

0xEB778BFA:split key (3108:permission denied, force option

required)

--split-key Preview Mode

If you use the --split-key command without the --force option, the specified key

will not be split. Instead, the information about the split that would have happened if

you had used --force is displayed; a preview mode.

This preview lets you check the split information you have entered to make sure it is

correct before you actually split the key.

Row 1: Split Key User Name

Name: "Split Key User"

Value: Primary user ID of the key being split, in this case "Alice Cameron".

Row 2: Split Key ID

Name: "Split Key ID"

Value: The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0xEB778BFA (0xEF20715FEB778BFA)

Row 3: Empty

Row 4: Threshold

Name: "Threshold"

Value: Threshold for the key being split (minimum number of shares to put the key

back together).

If threshold cannot be determined when joining a key, the character "?" is displayed.

This can happen when PGP Command Line displays this information before it listens

for network shares.

Row 5: Total Shares

Name: "Total Shares"

Value: Split. This is the total number of shares being divided among all users.

Join: This is the number of shares being collected from the file shares.

Row 6: Total Users

Name: "Total Users"

Value: Split. This is the total number of users who are getting the split key shares.

Users can be public key recipients as well as conventionally encrypted recipients.

Row 7: Empty

Row 8-N: Share User

Name: "Share User"

Value: The parsed value of each share in the following format:

128 Managing Keys

Commands

Share User: 20 0xB910E083 Bob Smith

 Number of shares assigned to a specific user (3 characters, left justified).

 Key ID of the share recipient. For public key encryption, this is a key ID in

standard format, while for symmetric encryption, this is the string "symmetric".

 The name of the share recipient. For public key encryption, this is the primary

user ID string, while for symmetric encryption, this is the name provided in the --

share option.

If there are no share users specified, "N/A" is displayed. This can only happen when

joining a key with the --skep option enabled.

Example:

pgp --split-key "Alice Cameron" --threshold 50 --share "25:Bob

Smith" --share "25:Jill Johnson" --share 25:0x4EF05026

--passphrase "A1ice*cam3r0n" --force

This time, the key was split successfully and the following message is displayed:

Split Key User: Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

Split Key ID: 0xEB778BFA (0xEF20715FEB778BFA)

Threshold: 50

Total Shares: 50

Total Users: 2

Share User: 25 0x2B65A65E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Share User: 25 0x17452786 Jill Johnson <jill@example.com>

Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf:split key (2065:share file)

Alice Cameron-2-Jill Johnson.shf:split key (2065:share file)

0xEB778BFA:split key (0:key split successfully)

This chapter describes those commands and options used to manage email messages

with PGP Command Line.

In This Chapter

Overview....................................................................................................................... 129

Encrypt Email.............................................................................................................. 130

Sign Email .................................................................................................................... 131

Decrypt Email.............................................................................................................. 132

Verify Email ................................................................................................................. 132

Annotate Email............................................................................................................ 132

Overview

PGP Command Line supports processing (encrypt, sign, decrypt, verify, and annotate)

of RFC 822-encoded email messages, allowing them to be automatically handled via

scripting.

Some important things to understand about how PGP Command Line handles email

messages:

 PGP Command Line does not send or receive email messages, it only processes

them.

 The input for an operation must be an RFC 822-encoded email message, with the

appropriate MIME headers and including CRLF line endings. Incorrectly formatted

messages will not be processed.

 MIME headers in the RFC-822 encoded messages are respected by PGP Command

Line. That is, they are not encrypted.

 If the email message being processed has an attachment, the attachment will also

be processed.

 When PGP Command Line encrypts an email message, the resulting file has a .pgp

extension added. So, for example, earnings.doc would become earnings.doc.pgp.

Conversely, when PGP Command Line decrypts an email message file, the

resulting file has the .pgp extension removed. You can use --output to have PGP

Command Line save the file to a different filename.

 PGP Command Line uses the same mechanism for processing email messages as

do other PGP Corporation products, so email messages handled by PGP Command

Line would be handled exactly the same if you were using PGP Desktop, for

example.

 The keys used to encrypt, sign, decrypt, or verify must be on the local keyring; PGP

Command Line does not do key lookups.

11 Working with Email

130 Working with Email

Encrypt Email

 You can specify multiple recipients when encrypting a message. Only one file will

result, but it will be encrypted to all of the recipients you specified, including

ADKs.

 To designate a recipient, you can use the email address on a key on the local

keyring.

 You can use --sign with or without encrypting the email message.

 Even if a message is only signed (and not encrypted), use --decrypt to process

the message. Verification is done automatically if a message is signed, whether or

not it was encrypted.

 Annotations (information that PGP Command Line processed the data in a certain

way) are off by default. Use --annotate to add annotations to decrypted email

messages. No annotation information is added when a message is encrypted

and/or signed.

 Decrypted messages may not be identical to the original message: adding

annotations and processing HTML can cause minor differences between the two.

PGP Command Line introduces these differences, not outside influences. These

differences does not cause PGP Command Line to report that the file has been

tampered with.

 When email messages are encrypted, their format can be PGP/MIME or S/MIME,

but not both. The format is determined by the keys of the recipients. If the keys of

the recipients support only PGP/MIME or PGP/MIME and S/MIME, the resulting

message will be in PGP/MIME format. If the keys of the recipients support only

S/MIME, then the resulting message will be in S/MIME format. Most keys created

by PGP Corporation products support PGP/MIME. Older keys, where the PGP key

is "wrapped around" an X.509 certificate, support only S/MIME.

 You can encrypt email messages to multiple recipients, but their keys must be the

same format (PGP/MIME or S/MIME), as only one output file can be created. To

encrypt an email message to some PGP/MIME keys and some S/MIME keys, run

PGP Command Line twice, once for each format. Use --get-email-encoding

to determine the format of a key.

 If you sign an email message with a key that is different from the key in the From

field of the MIME header, a mismatched key error will be reported.

Encrypt Email

To encrypt email messages, use the --encrypt command.

Refer to --encrypt (page 61) for information about the general use of the --encrypt

command.

You must use the --email option on the command line to tell PGP Command Line that

the input file is an RFC 822-compliant email message, which PGP Command Line

processes differently than regular data. Specifically, MIME headers and CRLF line

endings are respected.

Examples:

1 pgp --encrypt --email C:\data\message.txt --recipient

jmedina@example.com

Working with Email

Sign Email

131

Encrypts the file message.txt, an RFC 822-encoded email message, to the public

key associated with the email address jmedina@example.com. PGP Command Line

will search the keys on the local keyring for a public key that includes the specified

email address. The encrypted file message.txt.pgp will be created in the same

directory as the input file.

2 pgp --encrypt --email C:\data\message.txt --recipient

jmedina@example.com --recipient mpa@example.com --recipient

vtoskin@example.com

Encrypts the file message.txt, an RFC 822-encoded email message, to the public

keys associated with the specified email addresses. One encrypted email will be

created, but it will be encrypted to multiple recipients.

3 pgp --encrypt --email C:\data\message.txt --recipient

jmedina@example.com --sign acameron@example.com --passphrase

"a_cameron*1492sailedblue"

Encrypts the file message.txt to the public key associated with the email address

jmedina@example.com and signs it with the private key associated with the email

address acameron@example.com. The passphrase for the private key is supplied.

If the email address the message is being sent to is different than

jmedina@example.com, a mismatched key error will be reported.

Sign Email

To sign an email message (whether or not you are encrypting it), use the --sign

command.

Refer to --sign (page 66) for information about the general use of the --sign

command.

You must use the --email option on the command line to tell PGP Command Line that

the input file is an RFC 822-compliant email message, which PGP Command Line

processes differently than regular data. Specifically, MIME headers and CRLF line

endings are respected.

Examples:

pgp --email C:\data\message.txt --sign acameron@example.com --

passphrase "a_cameron*1492sailedblue"

Signs (but does not encrypt) the file message.txt with the private key associated

with the email address acameron@example.com. The passphrase for the private

key is supplied.

pgp --encrypt --email C:\data\message.txt --recipient

jmedina@example.com --sign acameron@example.com --passphrase

"a_cameron*1492sailedblue"

Encrypts the file message.txt to the public key associated with the email address

jmedina@example.com and signs it with the private key associated with the email

address acameron@example.com. The passphrase for the private key is supplied.

132 Working with Email

Decrypt Email

To decrypt an encrypted and/or signed message, use the --decrypt command.

Note: PGP Corporation recommends using --decrypt on all messages, even those

that are signed but not encrypted.

Refer to --decrypt (page 57) for information about the general use of the --decrypt

command.

You must use the --email option on the command line to tell PGP Command Line that

the input file is an RFC 822-compliant email message, which PGP Command Line

processes differently than regular data. Specifically, MIME headers and CRLF line

endings are respected.

Example:

pgp --decrypt --email message.txt.pgp --annotate

Decrypts the email message file "message.txt" and adds annotations to the file.

Verify Email

To verify an email message, use the --verify command.

Verifying an email message verifies that the file was not tampered with and tests

whether PGP Command Line can process the entire file. The command output describes

what was verified.

Refer to --verify (page 69) for information about the general use of the --verify

command.

You must use the --email option on the command line to tell PGP Command Line that

the input file is an RFC 822-compliant email message, which PGP Command Line

processes differently than regular data. Specifically, MIME headers and CRLF line

endings are respected.

Example:

pgp --verify --email message.txt.pgp --annotate

Verifies the email message file "message.txt" and adds annotations to the file.

Annotate Email

To annotate an email message (information that PGP Command Line processed the data

in a certain way), use the --annotate command.

Annotations are off by default.

Working with Email

Annotate Email

133

A signed email message that was successfully decrypted by PGP Command Line would

have an annotation similar to the following at the top of the file, if the --annotate

option was used:

* PGP Signed: 1/31/09/ at 10:31:43 PM, Decrypted

The --annotate option is used only with two commands involving email messaging: -

-decrypt and --verify.

Example:

pgp --decrypt --email message.txt.pgp --annotate

Decrypts the email message file "message.txt" and adds annotations to the file.

This section describes the commands that can be used with a PGP Key Management

Server (KMS).

In This Chapter

Overview .......................................................................................................................136

--decrypt .......................................................................................................................139

--encrypt (-e).................................................................................................................139

--create-mak.................................................................................................................140

--export-mak ................................................................................................................140

--export-mak-pair........................................................................................................141

--import-mak................................................................................................................143

--request-cert ...............................................................................................................144

--edit-mak .....................................................................................................................144

--search-mak ................................................................................................................145

--delete-mak .................................................................................................................146

--create-mek-series .....................................................................................................147

--edit-mek-series .........................................................................................................147

--search-mek-series.....................................................................................................148

--delete-mek-series......................................................................................................149

--create-mek .................................................................................................................150

--import-mek................................................................................................................150

--export-mek ................................................................................................................151

--edit-mek .....................................................................................................................151

--search-mek ................................................................................................................152

--create-msd .................................................................................................................153

--export-msd.................................................................................................................154

--edit-msd .....................................................................................................................154

--search-msd ................................................................................................................155

--delete-msd .................................................................................................................156

--create-consumer .......................................................................................................157

--search-consumer ......................................................................................................157

--check-certificate-validity ........................................................................................158

12 Working with a PGP Key Management

Server

136 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

Overview

With the release of PGP Command Line 10.0, Symantec Corporation has expanded the

scope of PGP Command Line so that it can act on keys and objects on a PGP Key

Management Server (KMS), in addition to keys and objects on the local system.

PGP KMS is new technology that centralizes the management of multiple kinds of

encryption keys for your organization onto a single server, thus allowing multiple

applications in your enterprise to operate against the same set of keys.

No longer does each application that uses encryption keys in your organization have to

store and manage them on their own.

New Terms and Concepts

To accommodate this new PGP KMS technology, new terms and concepts are being used

to describe how PGP applications understand keys, users, and servers, and the

relationships between them:

 Consumer: Previous to KMS, we talked of a "user", generally identified with a

person. A user had a key, encrypted things, sent and received email, and so on.

One person could have more than one user identity (for example, they could be the

holder of a corporate ADK as one identity and a PGP Desktop user as a second

identity, each identity having a different PGP keypair). With PGP KMS, a

consumer is an identity associated with a person or a device. For example, a web

server that handles credit cards or a bank's automated teller machine could be

PGP KMS consumers. Each consumer has a MAK, which may or may not have

associated MEKs, MEK series, or MSDs.

 MAK (Managed Asymmetric Key): A keypair managed by PGP KMS for a

consumer. A MAK is a PGP keypair with additional information. A MAK can be

used to encrypt, decrypt, sign, and verify.

 MEK (Managed Encryption Key): A symmetric key associated with a MAK. A MEK

can be used to encrypt and decrypt; it cannot sign or verify. Any number of MEKs

can be associated with a MAK. MEKs can have a Validity Period, allowing them to

be valid for a specified period. At the end of the specified period, the MEK expires

and a new MEK can be automatically created. The old MEK is retained in an

expired state and kept, to decrypt older data if necessary.

 MEK series: A series of MEKs that are automatically created and then expired

when their Validity Period ends. Consumers using a MEK series can be

automatically notified of a new MEK so that they can synchronize to the series and

thus use the correct MEK at the correct time. In other cases, no notification is

needed; when you encrypt against the MEK series, the active MEK is used

automatically.

 MSD (Managed Secure Data): Encrypted data stored on a PGP KMS and associated

with a MAK. Just like a regular encrypted file except it is stored on a PGP KMS.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

Overview

137

Relationship with a PGP KMS

To act on keys or objects on a PGP KMS, you must specify a PGP KMS as an argument

on the command line.

For example:

pgp --usp-server universal.example.com <kms_operation>

This example shows a PGP KMS operation being performed against the PGP KMS server

named universal.example.com.

Individual commands can act against keys or objects on a PGP KMS or on the local

system, but not both.

Authentication for PGP KMS Operations

Authentication as a consumer is required for most PGP KMS operations. Once

authenticated as a consumer, the settings of the PGP KMS determine what operations

can be performed. Contact your PGP administrator for details.

Four types of authentication are supported:

 No authentication

 Passphrase

 Public key

 Cookie

No Authentication

You can only search for keys or objects on the PGP KMS without providing

authentication.

Passphrase

You can perform all PGP KMS operations by providing the username and passphrase of

a valid user on the PGP KMS.

For example:

pgp --auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99" --usp-server universal.example.com

<kms_operation>

This example shows Alice Cameron authenticating to her company's PGP KMS,

universal.example.com, on which she is an authorized user, using her passphrase.

138 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

Overview

Public Key

You can perform all PGP KMS operations by unlocking the private key of a user on a

PGP KMS via a public key on the local keyring. The option --auth-key is used to

specify the local public key to be used.

The public key ID used with --auth-key can be a 32- or 64-bit key ID or a unique,

case-insensitive substring of the common name or email portion of the username.

For example:

pgp --auth-username acameron --auth-key 0x12345 --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --usp-server

universal.example.com <kms_operation>

This example shows Alice Cameron specifying her public key on her local system

and the passphrase to her private key to her company's PGP KMS,

universal.example.com. The PGP KMS will unlock the private key associated with

her public key using the supplied passphrase and authenticate her.

Cookie authentication lets you cache authentication credentials for a specific PGP KMS.

PGP Command Line automatically manages the location of the cookies. Security for the

cookies is by file permissions; only the appropriate user and the administrator (if any)

on a system can read the cookie.

PGP Command Line supports two types of cookie authentication:

 Anonymous cookie. A single cookie that automatically uses the credentials in the

cookie for authentication until it is overwritten, expires, or is deleted. With an

anonymous cookie in place, you do not need to enter authentication credentials on

the command line for KMS operations for the specified PGP KMS; the credentials

in the cookie are used instead.

 Named cookies. One or more cookies tied to a specific consumer that you can use

for authentication on the command line by specifying the the username (using --

auth-username) but without having to also specify the associated passphrase

(using --auth-passphrase) or associated key (using --user-key).

Note: Use an anonymous cookie when you use just one set of authentication

credentials for a PGP KMS. If you need multiple authentication credentials for a PGP

KMS (for example, if a user has multiple USP consumers), use named cookies.

To create an anonymous cookie, use passphrase or public key authentication while

performing a PGP KMS operation. The cookie will be created by the use of --usp-

cache-auth:

pgp --auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99" --usp-cache-auth --usp-server

universal.example.com <kms_operation>

In this example, passphrase authentication is used to set the cookie.

Once an anonymous cookie is in place, you do not need to enter any authentication

credentials when performing a KMS operation against the specified PGP KMS. Simply

perform your PGP KMS operations without any apparent authentication:

pgp --usp-server universal.example.com <kms_operation>

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--decrypt

139

Use --usp-clear-cache to delete an anonymous cookie for a specific PGP KMS:

pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --usp-clear-cache

To create a named cookie, use passphrase or public key authentication while

performing a PGP KMS operation. The cookie will be created by the use of --usp-

cache-auth:

pgp --auth-username bobsmith --auth-passphrase

"B0bSm1th***7263" --usp-cache-auth --usp-server

universal.example.com <kms_operation>

In this example, a named cookie (bobsmith) is created using passphrase authentication

for the specified PGP KMS.

For subsequent KMS operations against the same PGP KMS, only --auth-username

bobsmith is required on the command line for authentication; the --auth-

passphrase <passphrase> or --auth-key <keyid> is not needed.

To create another named cookie for the same PGP KMS, simply run another KMS

operation against the same PGP KMS using the desired authentication credentials:

pgp --auth-username mikeallen --auth-passphrase

"M1chAelA11en##8351" --usp-cache-auth --usp-server

universal.example.com <kms_operation>

In this example, a second named cookie (mikeallen) is created for the same PGP KMS

(universal.example.com). For subsequent KMS operations against the same PGP KMS,

either named cookie (bobsmith or mikeallen) can be used in conjunction with --auth-

username.

Use --usp-clear-cache to delete a named cookie for a specific PGP KMS:

pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username

mikeallen --usp-clear-cache <kms_operation>

In this example, the named cookie mikeallen is deleted.

Note: When you create the first named cookie against a PGP KMS, you also create an

anonymous cookie for the specified PGP KMS. When you create additional named

cookies for the same PGP KMS, you overwrite the existing anonymous cookie with

the new one. It is not recommended to mix the use of anonymous and named cookies.

--decrypt

Decrypts encrypted files with local keys or keys on a PGP KMS server. See --decrypt.

--encrypt (-e)

Encrypts documents for specified recipients, where keys are on the local keyring or on a

PGP KMS server. See --encrypt (-e) (page 61).

140 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--create-mak

The --create-mak command creates a new MAK on the specified PGP KMS server.

The --name option is required. You can also specify key size and algorithm (using the

same arguments as with creating a key on the local keyring), but you must specify both

or neither. If neither is specified, the default settings on the PGP KMS will be used.

The keys created by the --create-mak command are SKM keys.

The usage format is:

pgp --create-mak --usp-server <KMSserver> --name <MAKname> [--

key-type <type> --encryption-bits <bits>]

Where:

 --create-mak is the command to create a MAK on a PGP KMS.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK will be created.

 --name specifies a name for the MAK.

 <MAKname> is the desired name for the MAK. This is usually an email address, but

can be any text string you want.

 --key-type specifies the type of key you are creating.

 <type> is the key type: rsa, rsa-sign-only, dh, or dh-sign-only.

 --encryption-bits specifies the length of the encryption subkey in bits (1024 -

4096; for DSA keys, 1024, 2048, or 3072 only). When generating sign-only keys

(keys without a subkey), you can specify --bits only to define the signing key

size.

 <bits> is the desired number of bits: 1024, 2048, 3072, or 4096.

Example:

 pgp --create-mak --usp-server universal.example.com --name

"Alice Cameron <acameron@example.com>"

This example shows a MAK being created for Alice Cameron on the specified PGP

KMS using her name/email address as the name of the MAK.

--export-mak

The --export-mak command exports the public portion of a MAK to a file on the local

system.

Use the --export-mak-pair command to export both the public and the private

portion of a MAK to a file.

If you have two MAKs with the same name, and you want to export one of them, use the

UUID of the MAK you want to export, not the name.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--export-mak-pair

141

The usage format is:

pgp --export-mak <MAKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> --output

Where:

 --export-mak is the command to export the public portion of a MAK to a file on

the local system.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK being exported.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK exists.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK exists.

 --output specifies the output for the MAK being exported.

 <MAKfile> is the desired name (or name and path) for the MAK on the local

system.

Example:

 pgp --export-mak acameron@example.com --usp-server

universal.example.com --output c:\keys\test-pubkey.asc

This example shows the public portion of Alice Cameron's MAK being exported to

a key on the local system.

--export-mak-pair

The --export-mak-pair command exports the public and private portions of a MAK

to a file on the local system.

Use the --export-mak command to export just the public portion of a MAK to a file.

If you have two MAK pairs with the same name, and you want to export one of them,

use the UUID of the MAK you want to export, not the name.

The usage format is:

pgp --export-mak-pair <MAKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> --

export-format --output <MAKfile>

Where:

 --export-mak-pair is the command to export the public and private portions of

a MAK to a file on the local system.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK being exported.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which the MAK exists.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK exists.

 --export-format specifies an export format from the following list of

supported formats. If this option is omitted, the keys are exported as ASCII armor

files (.asc). See Export Format (on page 95).

 --output is the command to specify the output for the MAK being exported.

 <MAKfile> is the desired name (or name and path) for the MAK on the local

system.

142 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--export-mak-pair

Examples:

 Export public and private keys to a file

pgp --export-mak-pair acameron@example.com --usp-server

universal.example.com --output c:\keys\test-keypair.asc

This example shows the public and private portions of Alice Cameron's MAK being

exported to a key on the local system.

 Export the certificate's private key as encrypted PKCS8

pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --export-mak-pair mak-

uuid --export-format pkcs8 --passphrase keypass --export-

passphrase export-keypass -o cert-key-encrypted.pkcs8 --

overwrite remove

This example exports the private key associated with the top X.509 certificate. The

key material is saved as PKCS8 that is encrypted with the export-keypass

passphrase.

Export Format

PGP Command Line supports multiple export formats:

 Complete (default): Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension

is .asc. Use Complete to export keys in a newer format that supports all PGP

features.

 Compatible: Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension is .asc.

Use Compatible to export keys in a format compatible with older versions of

PGP software; that is, PGP software versions 7.0 and prior. Some newer PGP

features are not supported when using Compatible.

 X.509-cert: Only ASCII-armored files are output; the default file extension is .crt.

The <input> must match exactly one key, and --cert is required.

 PKCS8: This format can produce unencrypted and encrypted PKCS8. Only ASCII-

armored files are output; the default file extension is .p8. A signed key must be

paired. The <input> must match exactly one key.

The passphrase options change the passphrase of the exported key. They do not

change the passphrase of the local key.

 If no --passphrase is supplied, the cache and an empty passphrase is tried.

If successful, the found passphrase is used as though it were supplied with

the command.

 If --passphrase and --export-passphrase are supplied and --

passphrase is valid, then the private key is exported as encrypted PKCS8.

The --export-passphrase is used to encrypt the result.

 If only --passphrase is supplied and the passphrase is valid, the private

key is exported without being encrypted. If the supplied passphrase is

invalid, an error is generated.

 PKCS12: Only binary blocks are output; the default file extension is .p12. A signed

key must be paired. The <input> must match exactly one key.

The passphrase options change the passphrase of the exported key and certificate.

They do not change the passphrase of the local key.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--import-mak

143

 If no --passphrase is supplied, the cache and an empty passphrase is tried.

If successful, the found passphrase is used as though it were supplied with

the command.

 If only --passphrase is supplied and the passphrase is valid, the key and

certificate are exported without encryption. If the supplied passphrase is

invalid, an error is generated.

 If --passphrase and --export-passphrase are supplied and --

passphrase is valid, then the key and the certificate are exported as

encrypted PKCS12. The --export-passphrase is used to encrypt the

result.

 Certificate signing request (CSR): Only ASCII-armored blocks are output. The default

file extension is .csr. Key must be paired. The input must match exactly one key.

The preferred method to create a CSR is to associate the certificate with a specific

subkey using the --subkey option.

--import-mak

The --import-mak command creates a MAK on a PGP KMS from existing key material

on the local system.

The key mode for the MAK will be determined by the content of the existing key

material.

 If there is no private key in the imported file, the key mode will be CKM.

 If there is a private key but no signing subkey, the key mode will be SCKM.

 If the key material has no passphrase, the key mode will be SKM.

 If the key material has a passphrase, the key mode will be GKM.

Refer to the PGP Universal Administrator's Guide for more information about key

modes.

The usage format is:

pgp --import-mak --usp-server <KMSserver> --name <MAKname>

Where:

 --import-mak is the command to use existing key material to create a MAK.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK will be created.

 --name specifies a name for the MAK. This option is not required. If no name is

given, the name found in the imported key will be used.

 <MAKname> is the desired name for the MAK. This is usually an email address, but

can be any text string you want.

Example:

 pgp --import-mak --usp-server universal.example.com --name

acameron@example.com

144 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--request-cert

This example shows a MAK being created for Alice Cameron on the specified PGP

KMS using existing key material with her email address as the name of the MAK.

--request-cert

The --request-cert command requests a certificate for a MAK.

The certificate signing request must have been previously generated, either by a PGP

application (such as PGP Command Line) or another application. For more information

about how PGP Command Line creates certificate signing requests, refer to --export.

The usage format is:

pgp --request-cert <<MAKid> --cert-file <request> --usp-server

Where:

 --request-cert is the command to request a certificate for a MAK.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK requesting the certificate.

 --cert-file specifies a file with the desired certificate signing request.

 <request> is the existing certificate signing request.

 --usp-server is the command to specify a PGP KMS.

 <KMSserver> is a specific KMS server.

Example:

 pgp --request-cert engMAK42 --cert-file certificate.csr --usp-

server universal.example.com

This example shows a certificate signing request named certificate.csr being

requested for the specified MAK.

--edit-mak

The --edit-mak command edits settings of a MAK on the specified PGP KMS.

MAK edit options are:

 set new name

 set attributes

 clear attributes

 set MAK key material from a key or keypair in a file

The edit-mak command requires at least one edit operation and a unique MAK

identifier (unique name or UUID). Multiple edit operations can be combined on the

command line.

Note: Clearing of attributes always happens before the setting of attributes,

regardless of where --clear-attributes is on the command line.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--search-mak

145

The usage format is:

pgp --edit-mak <MAKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> [--name

<NewName> --attribute "attr=val" --clear-attributes "attr" --

set-key <filename>]

Where:

 --edit-mak is the command to edit the settings of a MAK.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK being edited.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK exists.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK exists.

 --name specifies the MAK name should be changed.

 <NewName> is the desired new name for the MAK.

 --attribute specifies an attribute should be changed.

 <"attr=val"> is attribute to be changed and the new value.

 --clear-attributes specifies that an attribute should be cleared.

 <"attr"> is the attribute to be cleared.

 --set-key specifies that the key material for the MAK should be set.

 <KeyName> is the file from which the new key material should be taken.

Example:

 pgp --edit-mak testmak --usp-server universal.example.com --

name eng1mak

This example shows the MAK named testmak on PGP KMS universal.example.com

being renamed to eng1mak.

--search-mak

The --search-mak command searches a PGP KMS for a MAK.

Entering a search string is optional. If you do not enter a search string, all MAKs will be

returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --search-mak <search-string> --usp-server <KMSserver> --

details | --xml | --brief

Where:

 --search-mak is the command to search MAKs on the specified PGP KMS.

 <search-string> is the string to search for (optional). See Searching for Data on

a PGP KMS (on page 247) for more information about searching.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which to search.

 <KMSserver> is the PGP KMS server on which to search.

 --details displays detailed results of the search.

146 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--delete-mak

 --xml displays the search results in XML format.

 --brief displays just the UUID as the search results.

Note: You can only choose one of --details, --xml, or --brief. They are

mutually exclusive.

For example, this command works on all platforms:

 pgp --search-mak "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd\")"

--usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

And this command works on Linux or Mac OSX:

 pgp --search-mak 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd")' -

-usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

These examples show a search on the specified PGP KMS for a MAK with the specified

UUID. The results will be displayed in XML format.

--delete-mak

The --delete-mak command deletes a MAK from the PGP Key Management Server.

Deleting a MAK deletes all the MEK series and MEKs associated with it. Because this is a

destructive operation, --force is required.

Note: You cannot delete SKM keys, even those you created, unless settings on the

PGP KMS are changed. Contact your PGP administrator for more information.

The usage format is:

pgp --delete-mak <MAKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> --force

Where:

 --delete-mak is the command to delete a MAK from a PGP KMS.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK you want to delete.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS from which the MAK will

be deleted.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server from which the MAK will be deleted.

 --force is required because this is a destructive operation.

Example:

 pgp --delete-mak testMAK --usp-server universal.example.com --

force

This example shows a MAK named testMAK being deleted from the specified PGP

KMS.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--create-mek-series

147

--create-mek-series

The --create-mek-series command creates a MEK (Managed Encryption Key)

series on the local system.

A unique name or UUID is required to create a MEK series.

The usage format is:

pgp --create-mek-series --usp-server <KMSserver> --name

<MEKname> --parent <MAKid>

Where:

 --create-mek-series is the command to create a MEK series on a PGP KMS.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which the MEK series

will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MEK series will be created.

 --name specifies a name for the MEK series.

 <MEKname> is the desired name for the MEK series. This can be a unique name or

a UUID.

 --parent specifies the parent MAK for the MEK series.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the parent MAK.

Example:

 pgp --create-mek-series --usp-server universal.example.com --

name MEKseriesname --parent test-MAK

This example shows a MEK series named MEKseriesname being created on the

specified PGP KMS for the MAK named test-MAK.

--edit-mek-series

The --edit-mek-series command edits an existing MEK series.

MEK series edit options are:

 set name

 set attribute

 clear attribute

 set validity period

 set end of life

Multiple edit operations can be combined on the command line.

Note: Clearing of attributes always happens before the setting of attributes,

regardless of where --clear-attributes is on the command line.

148 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--search-mek-series

The usage format is:

pgp --edit-mek-series <MEKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> [--name

<NewName> --attribute "attr=val" --clear-attributes "attr" --

validity-duration <duration> --end-of-life <enddate>]

Where:

 --edit-mek-series is the command to edit the settings of a MEK series.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the MAK being exported.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MEK series exists.

 --name specifies the name of the MEK series is to be changed.

 <NewName> is the desired name for the MEK series.

 --attribute specifies an attribute should be changed.

 <'attr=val'> is attribute to be changed and the new value.

 --clear-attributes specifies that an attribute should be cleared.

 <'attr'> is the attribute to be cleared.

 --validity-duration specifies a duration, in seconds, for which each member

of the MEK series is valid.

 <duration> is the desired number of seconds.

 --end-of-life specifies an end-of-life date for MEK series.

 <enddate> is the end of life date.

Example:

 pgp --edit-mek-series testmekseries --usp-server

universal.example.com --validity-duration 1000000

This example shows the validity duration for the members of a MEK series being

set to 1000000 seconds.

--search-mek-series

The --search-mek-series command searches a PGP KMS for a specified MEK series.

Entering a search string is optional. If you do not enter a search string, all MEK series

will be returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --search-mek-series <search-string> --usp-server

<KMSserver> --details | --xml | --brief

Where:

 --search-mek-series is the command to search for MEK series on the

specified PGP KMS for the specified search string.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--delete-mek-series

149

 <search-string> is the string to search for (optional). See Searching for Data on

a PGP KMS (on page 247) for more information about searching.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which to search.

 <KMSserver> is the PGP KMS server on which to search.

 --details displays detailed results of the search.

 --xml displays the search results in XML format.

 --brief displays just the UUID as the search results.

Note: You can only choose one of --details, --xml, or --brief. They are

mutually exclusive.

For example, this command works on all platforms:

 pgp --search-mek-series "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-

898169346bcd\")" --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-

username acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --details

This command works on Linux and Mac OSX:

 pgp --search-mek-series 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-

898169346bcd")' --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username

acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --details

These examples show a search on the specified PGP KMS for a MEK series with the

specified UUID. Detailed results will be displayed.

--delete-mek-series

The --delete-mek-series command deletes a MEK series from a PGP KMS. All

MEKs in the series are deleted.

Because this is a destructive operation, --force is required.

The usage format is:

pgp --delete-mek-series <MEKseriesID> --usp-server <KMSserver>

--force

Where:

 --delete-mek-series is the command to delete a MEK series from a PGP KMS.

 <MEKseriesID> is the ID of the MEK series to be deleted.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS from which the MEK

series will be deleted.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server from which the MEK series will be deleted.

 --force means this is a destructive operation.

Example:

 pgp --delete-mek-series MEKseries42 --usp-server

universal.example.com --force

150 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--create-mek

This example shows a MEK series named MEKseries42 being deleted from the

specified PGP KMS.

--create-mek

The --create-mek command creates a MEK on a PGP KMS.

Because MEKs have no names, the most reliable way to reference them is by UUID. You

can also specify the UUID of the parent MEK series, and the currently active MEK will

be used automatically.

The usage format is:

pgp --create-mek --usp-server <KMSserver> --name <MEKname> [--

parent <MAKid>]

Where:

 --create-mek is the command to create a MEK.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which the MEK will be

created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MEK will be created.

 --parent specifies the parent MEK series for the MEK.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the parent MEK series.

Example:

 pgp --create-mek --usp-server universal.example.com --parent

testMEKseries

This example shows a MEK being created on the specified PGP KMS for the parent

MEK series named testMEKseries.

--import-mek

The --import-mek command takes key material from the local system and makes a

MEK on the PGP KMS.

The usage format is:

pgp --import-mek --usp-server <KMSserver> --parent <MAKparent>

<file>

Where:

 --import-mak is the command to use existing key material to create a MAK.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK will be created.

 --parent specifies the name of the parent MAK.

 <MAKname> is the name of the parent MAK.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--export-mek

151

 <file> is the file on the local system containing the key material for the MEK.

Example:

 pgp --import-mak --usp-server universal.example.com --parent

MAKtest1 C:\keys\symmetrickey

This example shows the key material from the file symmetrickey on the local

system being imported as a MEK to the specified PGP KMS.

--export-mek

The --export-mek command exports the MEK to a file on the local system.

The usage format is:

pgp --export-mek <MEKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> --output

Where:

 --export-mek is the command to export the MEK to a file on the local system.

 <MEKid> is the UUID of the MEK being exported.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MEK exists.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MEK exists.

 --output specifies the output for the MEK being exported.

 <MEKfile> is the desired name (or name and path) for the MEK on the local

system.

Example:

 pgp --export-mek 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000 --usp-

server universal.example.com --output c:\keys\test-mekkey.asc

This example shows the specified MEK being exported to a file on the local system.

--edit-mek

The --edit-mek command edits a MEK on a PGP KMS.

MEK edit options are:

 set attributes

 clear attributes

 set expiration date

The --edit-mek command requires at least one edit operation and a unique MEK

identifier (UUID). Multiple edit operations can be combined on the command line.

Note: Clearing of attributes always happens before the setting of attributes,

regardless of where --clear-attributes is on the command line.

152 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--search-mek

The usage format is:

pgp --edit-mek <MEKid> --usp-server <KMSserver> [--attribute

"attr=val" --clear-attributes "attr" --expiration-date <date>]

Where:

 --edit-mak is the command to edit the settings of a MEK.

 <MEKid> is the UUID of the MEK being edited.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MEK exists.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MEK exists.

 --attribute specifies an attribute should be changed.

 <"attr=val"> is attribute to be changed and the new value.

 --clear-attributes specifies that an attribute should be cleared.

 <"attr"> is the attribute to be cleared.

 --expiration-date specifies the expiration date of the MEK.

 <date> is the date the MEK expires.

Example:

 pgp --edit-mek 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000 --usp-

server universal.example.com --expiration-date 2011-01-01

This example shows the specified MEK having its expiration date changed to Jan.

1, 2011.

--search-mek

The --search-mek command searches a PGP KMS for a MEK.

Entering a search string is optional. If you do not enter a search string, all MEKs will be

returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --search-mek <search-string> --usp-server <KMSserver> --

details | --xml | --brief

Where:

 --search-mek is the command to search MEKs on the specified PGP KMS for the

specified search string.

 <search-string> is the string to search for (optional). See Searching for Data on

a PGP KMS (on page 247) for more information about searching.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which to search.

 <KMSserver> is the PGP KMS server on which to search.

 --details displays detailed results of the search.

 --xml displays the search results in XML format.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--create-msd

153

 --brief displays just the UUID as the search results.

Note: You can only choose one of --details, --xml, or --brief. They are

mutually exclusive.

For example, this command works on all platforms:

 pgp --search-mek "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd\")"

--usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

This command works on Linux and MAC OSX:

 pgp --search-mek 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd")' -

-usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

These examples show a search on the PGP KMS for a MEK with the specified UUID. The

results will be displayed in XML format.

--create-msd

The --create-msd command creates an MSD from an input file, standard input

(stdin), or a file descriptor.

MSDs are automatically encrypted when created.

The input file and mime type are optional. If no input file is specified, an empty MSD is

created. If no MIME type is specified, the default MIME type is used.

The usage format is:

pgp --create-msd --usp-server <KMSserver> --name <MSDname> --

parent-mak <MAKid> [--input <inputfile> --mime-type

<mimetype>]

Where:

 --create-msd is the command to create an MSD on a PGP KMS.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MAK will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MAK will be created.

 --name is the option to specify a name for the MSD.

 <MSDname> is the name of the MSD being created.

 --parent-mak specifies the type of key you are creating.

 <MAKid> is the name or UUID of the parent MAK.

 --input specifies the input for the MSD, an input file, stdin, or a file descriptor.

 <inputfile> is the name of the file from which the MSD is to be created.

 --mime-type specifies the MIME type of the MSD.

 <mimetype> is the MIME type of the input file.

Example:

154 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--export-msd

 pgp --create-msd --usp-server universal.example.com --name

testMSD11 --parent-mak testMAK4 --input C:\pgpkmsfiles\testMSD

--mime-type "text/plain"

This example shows an MSD being created on the specified PGP KMS. The name of

the MSD is testMSD11, it belongs to a MAK named testMAK4, and it is a plaintext

file created from a file on the local Windows system.

--export-msd

The --export-msd command exports an MSD to a plaintext file.

The usage format is:

pgp --export-msd --usp-server <KMSserver> --name <MSDname> --

output <MSDfile>

Where:

 --export-msd is the command to export an MSD.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MSD resides.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server.

 --name specifies the name of the MSD to be exported.

 <MSDname> is the name of the MSD being exported.

 --output specifies the output for the MSD being exported.

 <MSDfile> is the desired name (or name and path) for the MSD on the local

system.

Example:

 pgp --export-msd --usp-server universal.example.com --name

testMSD4 --output C:\pgpkmsfiles\testMSD14

This example shows an MSD named testMSD4 being exported to a file on the local

system.

--edit-msd

The --edit-msd command edits an MSD on the specified PGP KMS.

MSD edit options are:

 change MIME type

 change name

 replace data

 set attributes

 clear attributes

Multiple edit operations can be combined on the command line.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--search-msd

155

Note: Clearing of attributes always happens before the setting of attributes,

regardless of where --clear-attributes is on the command line.

The usage format is:

pgp --edit-msd <msdname> --usp-server <KMSserver> [--mime-type

<mimetype> --name <NewName> --new-data <input> --attribute

"attr=val" --clear-attribute <attribute>]

Where:

 --edit-mek-series is the command to edit the settings of a MEK series.

 <msdname> is the name of the MSD being edited.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which the MSD

resides.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MSD resides.

 --mime-type specifies the MIME type of the MSD.

 <mimetype> is the MIME type of the input file.

 --name specifies the MSD name should be changed.

 <NewName> is the desired new name for the MSD.

 --new-data specifies the existing data in the MSD be replaced with the specified

data.

 <input> is the replacement data, via the --input option. See --input for more

information.

 --attribute specifies an attribute should be changed.

 <"attr=val"> is the attribute to be changed and the new value.

 --clear-attributes specifies that an attribute should be cleared.

 <"attr"> is the attribute to be cleared.

Example:

 pgp --edit-msd testmsd --usp-server universal.example.com --

name hr17msd

This example shows the MSD named testmsd on PGP KMS universal.example.com

being renamed to hr17msd.

--search-msd

The --search-msd command searches for an MSD on a PGP KMS.

Entering a search string is optional. If you do not enter a search string, all MSDs will be

returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --search-msd <search-string> --usp-server <KMSserver> --

details | --xml | --brief

Where:

156 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--delete-msd

 --search-msd is the command to search on the PGP KMS for the specified

search string.

 <search-string> is the string to search for (optional). See Searching for Data on

a PGP KMS (on page 247) for more information about searching.

 --usp-server is the command to specify the PGP KMS on which to search.

 <KMSserver> is the PGP KMS server on which to search.

 --details displays detailed results of the search.

 --xml displays the search results in XML format.

 --brief displays just the UUID as the search results.

Note: You can only choose one of --details, --xml, or --brief. They are

mutually exclusive.

For example, this command works on all platforms:

 pgp --search-msd "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd\")"

--usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

This command works on Linux and Mac OSX:

 pgp --search-msd 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd")' -

-usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-

passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

These examples show a search on the specified PGP KMS for an MSD with the specified

UUID. The results will be displayed in XML format.

--delete-msd

The --delete-msd command deletes an MSD from a PGP KMS.

The usage format is:

pgp --delete-msd <MSDname> --usp-server <KMSserver>

Where:

 --delete-msd is the command to delete an MSD.

 <MSDname> is the MSD to be deleted.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the MSD resides.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the MSD resides.

Example:

 pgp --delete-msd testMSD11 --usp-server universal.example.com

This example shows an MSD named testMSD11 being deleted from the specified

PGP KMS.

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--create-consumer

157

--create-consumer

The --create-consumer command creates a Consumer on the specified PGP KMS.

The usage format is:

pgp --create-consumer --usp-server <KMSserver> --name

Where:

 --create-consumer is the command to create a consumer on the specified PGP

KMS.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which the consumer will be created.

 <KMSserver> is the KMS server on which the consumer will be created.

 --name specifies a name for the consumer being created.

 <consumername> is the desired name for the consumer.

Example:

 pgp --create-consumer --usp-server universal.example.com --

name acameron@example.com

This example shows a consumer named acameron@example.com being created on

the specified PGP KMS.

--search-consumer

The --search-consumer command searches for a consumer on a PGP KMS.

Entering a search string is optional. If you do not enter a search string, all consumers

will be returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --search-consumer <search-string> --usp-server <KMSserver>

--details | --xml | --brief

Where:

 --search-consumer is the command to search for a consumer on a PGP KMS.

 <search-string> is the string to search for (optional). See Searching for Data on

a PGP KMS (on page 247) for more information about searching.

 --usp-server specifies the PGP KMS on which to search.

 <KMSserver> is the PGP KMS server on which to search.

 --details displays detailed results of the search.

 --xml displays the search results in XML format.

 --brief displays just the UUID as the search results.

158 Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--check-certificate-validity

Note: You can only choose one of --details, --xml, or --brief. They are

mutually exclusive.

For example, this command works on all platforms:

 pgp --search-consumer "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-

898169346bcd\")" --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-

username acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

This command works on Linux and Mac OSX:

 pgp --search-consumer 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-

898169346bcd")' --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username

acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99" --xml

These examples show a search on the specified PGP KMS for a consumer with the

specified UUID. The results will be displayed in XML format.

--check-certificate-validity

The --check-certificate-validity command checks the validity of a supplied

X.509 certificate against the specified PGP KMS.

You must be an authorized user on the specified PGP KMS, and be able to connect to it,

to check the validity of a certificate. You can use either cached credentials or supply

them on the command line.

Supported certificate formats are:

 OpenPGP. File formats ASC and PGP.

 PKCS#7. File formats P7 and P7B.

 PEM. File formats CRT and PEM.

One or more certificates can be supplied on the command line. If all supplied

certificates are valid, an exit code of zero is returned. If one or more certificates are

invalid, an error is returned. A certificate is deemed invalid if it has expired, is not

trusted, or it has been revoked.

Certificate formats can be stated explicitly (the suggested method) on the command line

using --import-format, simply listed on the command line, or read in using stdin.

Note: You cannot mix stdin and other input methods. Also, you can only read in one

certificate at a time using stdin.

If you specify an import format, all supplied certificates must be in that format. If no

format is specified, then files with multiple certificate formats can be supplied.

If no format is specified, then file extension is used to determine format. If no format is

specified and the filename does not have an extension (or stdin is being used), then PGP

Command Line checks the content of the file to determine format. If a format cannot be

determined, an error is returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --usp-server <KMSserver> --check-certificate-validity [ --

import-format <format> <cert1> <cert2> ... ] [ <cert1> <cert2>

... ] [--input - ]

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

--check-certificate-validity

159

Where:

 --usp-server <KMSserver> specifies the PGP KMS that will be checked

for the validity of the supplied certificates.

 --check-certificate-validity is the command to check the specified

PGP KMS for validity of the supplied certificates.

 --import-format <format> <cert1> <cert2> ... is the command

to explicitly supply the format of the certificate files being submitted for

validation.

 <cert1> <cert2> ... are the certificate files being submitted for

validation on the command line, without specifying their format.

 --input - is the command to read in one certificate for validation using

stdin.

Examples:

 pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --check-

certificate-validity --import-format X509 cert1.pem

cert2.pem

This example shows the certificate files cert1.pem and cert2.pem, explicitly

defined as X509 format, being checked for validity against the specified PGP

KMS. Because the format is explicitly defined, both certificate files must be

that format. Cached authentication credentials are being used.

 pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --check-

certificate-validity cert3.p7 cert4.pem

This example shows the certificate files cert3.p7 and cert4.pem being checked

for validity against the specified PGP KMS. Because certificates of two

different formats are being checked, they are simply listed on the command

line; a single import format cannot be specified. Cached authentication

credentials are being used.

 pgp --usp-server universal.example.com --check-

certificate-validity --input -

This example shows stdin being used to read in one certificate for validity

checking against the specified PGP KMS. Cached authentication credentials are

being used.

PGP Command Line commands that do not fit nicely into any other category include:

 --agent (on page 162), which starts a long-running process for retaining cached

passphrases

 --create-keyrings, which creates a pair of empty keyrings

 --help (-h), which displays the banner message and the built-in help message

 --license-authorize, which activates PGP Command Line after receiving user’s data

and license number

 --purge-all-caches, which purges the passphrase and keyring caches

 --purge-keyring-cache, which purges the keyring cache

 --purge-passphrase-cache, which purges the passphrase cache

 --speed-test, which runs a suite of PGP SDK speed tests

 --version, which displays the version of PGP Command Line you are using and the

banner message

 --wipe, which wipes files off of your system

 --check-sigs, which checks the signatures on all keys on the keyring

 --check-userids, which checks the user IDs on specified keys to make sure they

conform to the conventional naming standard

In This Chapter

Overview ...................................................................................................................... 161

Commands ................................................................................................................... 162

Overview

There are a number of PGP Command Line commands that do not fit nicely into any

broad category. These commands are covered here.

13 Miscellaneous Commands

162 Miscellaneous Commands

Commands

--agent

Starts a long-running application for retaining cached passphrases. This command is

for use on Linux or other installations without PGP Desktop. The application continues

running until it is terminated with a sigint signal (for example control-C).

This command does not apply to PGP Desktop installations on Windows and Mac OSX

Those installations use PGP Tray to retain cached passphrases.

The usage format is:

pgp --agent

--create-keyrings

Creates a pair of empty keyrings. Several commands create keyrings automatically as

part of the command; --gen-key, --import, and --keyserver-recv, for example.

You only need to use --create-keyrings if you want to create empty keyrings.

PGP Command Line will try to create the keyrings in the default location for the

operating system: C:\Documents and Settings\<current user>\My

Documents\PGP\ on Windows, $HOME/Documents/PGP on Mac OS X, and

$HOME/.pgp/ on UNIX. If the PGP portions of these directories do not exist, PGP

Command Line attempts to create them.

If the home directory is set and keyrings are not specified, PGP Command Line will try

to create the keyrings in the default home directory location. No paths will be created in

this case; they must already exist. If the keyrings are specified, they are relative to the

current directory. Use a full path in this case.

The usage format is:

pgp --create keyrings [--home-dir <path1>] [--public-keyring

<path2>]

[--private-keyring <path3>]

Where:

<path1> is the path to the home directory.

<path2> is the path to the public keyring file. You can specify a single file (which

is relative to the current directory), a relative path (relative to the current

directory), or a full path (the recommended usage).

<path3> is the path to the private keyring file. You can specify a single file (which

is relative to the current directory), a relative path (relative to the current

directory), or a full path (the recommended usage).

Example:

pgp --create-keyrings --home-dir /test/

Create keyrings using /test as the home directory.

Miscellaneous Commands

Commands

163

--help (-h)

Displays the banner message and the built-in help message, which provides a brief

description of the commands and options in PGP Command Line.

The usage format is:

pgp --help

--license-authorize

You cannot use PGP Command Line normally until is licensed.

Refer to Licensing (on page 25) for a complete description of how to license PGP

Command Line.

--purge-all-caches

Purges both the passphrase cache and the keyring cache. Caching is a security risk, so

PGP Command Line makes it easy for you to purge the passphrase and keyring caches

at any time.

The usage format is:

pgp --purge-all-caches

Example:

pgp --purge-all-caches

Purges both the passphrase and the keyring cache.

--purge-keyring-cache

Purges the keyring cache, which stores keyrings in memory so that they do not have to

be retrieved each time they are needed. Caching is a security risk, so PGP Command

Line makes it easy for you to purge the keyring cache at any time. The option --

purge-keyring-cache is not used unless specifically enabled.

The usage format is:

pgp --purge-keyring-cache

Example:

pgp --purge-keyring-cache

Purges the keyring cache.

--purge-passphrase-cache

Purges the global (shared) passphrase cache, which stores in memory passphrases you

enter so that you do not have to enter them every time you need them. Caching is a

security risk, so PGP Command Line makes it easy for you to purge the passphrase

cache at any time.

164 Miscellaneous Commands

Commands

--purge-passphrase-cache is not used unless specifically enabled.

The usage format is:

pgp --purge-passphrase-cache

Example:

pgp --purge-passphrase-cache

Purges the passphrase cache.

--speed-test

Runs a suite of PGP SDK speed tests, which both identify the version of the PGP SDK

that PGP Command Line is using and returns test results for several tests: hash, cipher,

and public key, for example.

Running --speed-test forces PGP Command Line into local mode. Running --

speed-test in FIPS mode (--fips-mode) runs the tests with the PGP SDK in FIPS

mode, which runs a slightly different set of tests.

The usage format is:

pgp --speed-test [--fips-mode]

Example:

pgp --speed-test

Runs the suite of PGP SDK speed tests.

--version

Tells you what version of PGP Command Line you are using and displays the banner

message.

The usage format is:

pgp --version [options]

Where:

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--verbose, which displays additional information about PGP Command Line,

including passphrase cache information, time zone information, PGP SDK

information, public key algorithms, symmetric ciphers, hashes, and compression.

Examples:

pgp --version

Displays version information and the banner message in the format:

PGP Command Line 10.0

Miscellaneous Commands

Commands

165

--wipe

Wipes a file off of your system.

The --wipe command exceeds the media sanitization requirements of Department of

Defense 5220.22-M at three passes. Security continues to increase up to approximately

28 passes.

The usage format is:

pgp --wipe <input> [<input> ...] [options]

Where:

<input> is the file or files you want to wipe.

[options] modify the command. Options are:

--wipe-passes, which lets you specify how many wipe passes are made.

Available values are 1 through 49. The default is 3.

--recursive, which lets you select subdirectories and files in subdirectories.

--verbose, which provides extra information about the progress.

Examples:

1 pgp --wipe secretreport.txt

Wipes the file secretreport.txt from your system using the default number of

passes, three.

2 pgp --wipe secret.doc --wipe-passes 8

Wipes the file secret.doc from your system using the number of passes specified

with the --wipe-passes option, eight.

--check-sigs

Checks the signatures on all keys on your keyring. If errors are found, they are

displayed.

The usage format is:

pgp --check-sigs

Example:

1 pgp --check-sigs

Checks the signatures of all keys on your keyring.

--check-userids

Checks the user IDs on specified keys to make sure they conform to the conventional

naming standard.

The acceptable form for a user ID is:

 More than one character but fewer than 256 characters.

166 Miscellaneous Commands

Commands

 Common Name <contact information>. For example, "Alice Cameron <acameron

@example.com>" or "Ming Pa <AIM: 12345678>".

Common Name does not have to be the name of an individual. On an ADK, for

example, it could be a company name.

<contact information> cannot be empty, but it does not have to be an email

address or viable contact information.

 The GPG format "Common Name (Comment) <contact information>" is invalid.

If no invalid user IDs are found, a successful status message ("0:signatures checked

successfully") appears.

If invalid user IDs are found, each is listed as an error status message and the exit code

is returned.

The usage format is:

pgp --check-userids [<user1> ...]

Where:

<user1> is the user ID, portion of a user ID, or the key ID of a key on your

keyring.

Examples:

1 pgp --check-userids

Checks the user IDs of all keys on your keyring.

2 pgp --check-userids acameron

Checks the user IDs of all keys on your keyring with "acameron" in the user ID or

key ID of the key.

This chapter lists and describes PGP Command Line options.

Options are listed in alphabetical order within their sections.

In This Chapter

Using Options.............................................................................................................. 167

Boolean Options .......................................................................................................... 168

Integer Options ........................................................................................................... 179

Enumeration Options ................................................................................................. 189

String Options ............................................................................................................. 199

List Options.................................................................................................................. 209

File Descriptors ........................................................................................................... 212

Using Options

The descriptions of some options in PGP Command Line mention that they are "secure,"

as in "This option is not secure" or "--auth-passphrase is secure". In this context,

"secure" means that the option’s argument is saved in non-pageable memory (when

that option is available to applications). Options that are not "secure" are saved in

normal system memory.

There are certain options that can change PGP Command Line behavior. For example,

the options --archive and --sda will change how an encryption command works.

For example, if you wish to encrypt multiple files and you specify an output file without

the option --archive, you will get an error message:

pgp -er "Bob Smith" note.txt report.doc -o bobsarchive.pgp

pgp:encrypt (3028:multiple inputs cannot be sent to a single

output file)

If you enter the option --archive, the command will succeed:

pgp -er "Bob Smith" note.txt report.doc -o bobsarchive.pgp --

archive

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported note.txt)

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported report.doc)

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (0:output file bobsarchive.pgp)

PGP Command Line options are described in the following sections:

 Boolean Options (on page 168)

 Integer Options (on page 179)

14 Options

168 Options

Boolean Options

 Enumeration Options (on page 189)

 String Options

 List Options

 File Descriptors

Boolean Options

Boolean options are settings that support only on and off conditions. To enable a

Boolean option, just specify the flag on the command line. To disable a Boolean option,

specify the flag with the --no prefix. For example:

 To enable local mode, use --local-mode on the command line.

 To disable local mode, use --no-local-mode on the command line.

Boolean arguments are never secure.

--alternate-format

Specifies an alternate output format.

This option is used only with the commands --dump-packets and --list-packets.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --dump-packets resources.txt.pgp --alternate-format

Outputs the file resources.txt.pgp to an alternate format.

--annotate

Adds annotations (information that PGP Command Line processed the data in a certain

way) when processing email message data.

This option is used with the commands --decrypt and --verify.

For example, a signed email message that was successfully decrypted by PGP Command

Line would have an annotation similar to the following at the top of the file:

* PGP Signed: 12/31/07/ at 10:31:43 PM, Decrypted

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --decrypt --email message.txt.pgp --annotate

Decrypts the email message file "message.txt" and adds annotations.

Options

Boolean Options

169

--archive

This option enables or disables archive mode. When set, PGP Command Line lets you

encrypt/sign multiple files or entire directories into a PGP Zip output archive that is

encrypted and compressed.

A PGP Zip archive is an excellent way to distribute files and folders securely or back

them up.

The usage format is:

pgp -e/-c <input1> <input2> [<inputN>..] --archive/--no-

archive

Where:

<input> is the file being encrypted

Examples:

1 pgp -er <bob@example.com> note.txt readme.txt -o archive.pgp --

archive

When archiving several files, you have to separate them with spaces. This

command creates "archive.pgp" with the following contents:

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported note.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported readme.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (0:output file * the output will be

different depending on whether the archive mode is enabled or

disabled)

2 pgp -er "Bill Brown" *.txt --archive

This gives an error:

pgp:encrypt (3029:no output specified)

3 pgp -er "Bill Brown" *.txt --no-archive

All files ending with .txt are encrypted:

note.txt:encrypt (0:output file note.txt.pgp)

readme.txt:encrypt (0:output file readme.txt.pgp)

report.txt:encrypt (0:output file report.txt.pgp)

4 pgp -er "Bill Brown" *.txt -o newarchive.pgp --archive

All files ending with .txt are encrypted into the file "newarchive.pgp".

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported note.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported readme..txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (3110:archive imported report.txt)

pgp00000.tmp:encrypt (0:output file newarchive.pgp)

5 pgp -er "Bill Brown" *.txt -o newarchive.pgp --no-archive

This gives an error.

With the option --no-archive set, you cannot produce an archive.

170 Options

Boolean Options

--banner

Changes how the PGP Command Line banner displays.

The PGP Command Line banner is automatically turned on for certain operations; --

version and --help, for example. The default is off.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --banner

List keys with the PGP Command Line banner at the top.

--biometric

Causes output to be in biometric format. Used only with --fingerprint. The default

is off.

Example:

pgp --fingerprint 0xABCD5678 --biometric

Displays the fingerprint of the specified key using biometric words, not

hexadecimal numbers.

--buffered-stdio

Enables buffered stdio (standard input and output).

Some platforms, such as Win32, AIX, and HP-UX, require the use of buffered stdio.

Note that large operations may become slower because the data must be stored in

memory.

Other platforms may optionally use /dev/stdin and /dev/stdout as files. This

speeds up I/O since PGP Command Line has direct file access to stdin and stdout.

Default for Win32, AIX, HP-UX is TRUE.

Default for Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X is FALSE.

Examples:

1 pgp -er user file --output

Writes directly to /dev/stdout as if it were a file.

2 pgp -er user file --output --buffered-stdio

First stores data in memory and then writes it to stdout.

--compress, --compression

Toggles compression, which is on by default.

When enabled, compression behaves as follows:

Options

Boolean Options

171

 Public-key encryption: The preferred compression algorithm of the recipient is

used. If no preferred compression algorithms are set, Zip is used.

 Symmetric encryption: If a preferred compression algorithm is supplied, it is

used; otherwise, Zip is used.

When compression is disabled, any preferred compression algorithms are ignored.

Example:

pgp -er "Bill Brown" readme.txt --compress

The file readme.txt was compressed using the preferred compression algorithm of

the recipient.

readme.txt:encrypt (0:output file readme.txt.pgp)

--details

Specifies that detailed information about the command should be returned.

Note: Using --details after a command produces the same results as those

commands that end with -details. For example, --list-key-details produces

the same output as --list-keys --details.

Because of it's flexibility, Symantec Corporation recommends using --details instead

of commands that end with -details.

Example:

--list-sigs --details

This example shows detailed information being request for the --list-sigs

command.

--email

Specifies that the input is an RFC 822-encoded email message.

The input text must include all MIME headers and have CRLF line endings, which will

be respected by PGP Command Line. The resulting file has a .pgp extension.

Note: PGP Command Line does not send or receive email messages, it only processes

them. Refer to Working with Email for more information about how email messages

are handled by PGP Command Line.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --encrypt --email message.txt --recipient "Bob Smith"

The input file message.txt, an RFC 822-encoded email message, is encrypted by

PGP Command Line. The encrypted file message.txt.pgp will result.

172 Options

Boolean Options

--encrypt-to-self

Encrypts to the default key. The default is off. A warning is generated if the default key

cannot encrypt.The default is off.

Example:

pgp -er Alice file.txt --encrypt-to-self

Encrypts the file to the specified recipient and also to the default key on the

keyring. If the default key cannot encrypt, a warning is generated (this does not

correspond to an error condition, since the default key is technically the default

signing key).

--eyes-only

Specifies that encryption should be for "eyes only," which means the recipient must

view the decrypted output on screen; the sender, the person encrypting the file,

specifies that the file is encrypted "eyes only." The default is off. The option --eyes-

only should be used for text inputs.

When a message is sent "eyes only," the decrypted output is only kept in secure

memory and is never written to disk. The recipient can only view the decrypted data on

screen. The recipient must use --eyes-only on decrypt.

Caution: While "eyes only" can prevent a file from being written to disk, it cannot

prevent the recipient from saving the data some other way; by writing it down or by

doing a screen capture, for example.

Example:

pgp -er "Alice@example.com" report.txt --eyes-only

Output is the file report.txt.pgp, which is encrypted so that Alice can view it on her

screen (for her eyes only).

--fast-key-gen

Enables fast key generation. The default is on.

The key generation process is made faster by using a previously calculated set of prime

numbers rather than going through the process of creating them from scratch.

Although it would be unlikely for anyone to crack your key based on their knowledge of

these previously calculated prime numbers, you may want to spend the extra time to

create a key pair with the maximum level of security.

Example:

pgp --gen-key <bob@example.com> --key-type rsa --encryption-

bits 1024 --passphrase " " --fast-key-gen

Generate this key in fast key generation mode.

Options

Boolean Options

173

--fips-mode, --fips

FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) is a series of standards, from which

FIPS 140-1 and FIPS 140-2 are both worldwide de facto standards for the

implementation of cryptographic modules.

This option enables FIPS-compliant mode. The default is off.

Example:

pgp --speed-test --fips-mode

Performs the --speed-test command with the PGP SDK in FIPS mode.

--force (-f)

Required for certain operations to continue. Because there is no user interaction once a

command has been issued, --force is used to ensure that the user really wants to

issue the command.

This option is required for the following operations: --remove-key-pair, --

remove-subkey, --revoke, --revoke-subkey, --split-key, and --join-key.

For more details, refer to these commands. The default is off.

Examples:

1 pgp --remove-key-pair Alice

Returns an error; --force is required.

2 pgp --remove-key-pair Alice --force

Operation works.

--halt-on-error

Causes PGP Command Line to stop processing on error when multiple input/output

files are being used. The default is off. Does not apply to some operations.

Use --halt-on-error if you want processing to stop when an error occurs. If you do

not use --halt-on-error, PGP Command Line will keep trying all the files in the list

until there are not any more, then return a partial failure.

--import-certificates

Imports pending certificate requests to a MAK.

--keyring-cache

Enables the keyring cache, taking the value set by --keyring-cache-timeout (on

page 183). The default keyring cache timeout is 120 seconds.

174 Options

Boolean Options

These two options used together are useful when frequent operations need to be

performed on large keyrings. Keeping the large keyrings cached, so that they do not

have to be loaded for subsequent operations, speeds up those subsequent operations.

The default is off. This option does not work with --local-mode.

Example:

pgp --cache-passphrase 0x73CC6D8F --passphrase "Alice*cam3r0n"

--keyring-cache --keyring-cache-timeout 300

Enables the keyring cache, with a timeout of 300 seconds set by --keyring-

cache-timeout.

--large-keyrings

Checks keyring signatures only when necessary. This option will improve performance

of PGP Command Line when dealing with large keyrings, since keyring signatures will

not be verified.

This option is ignored when the following commands are used: --verify, --export,

--export-key-pair, and --revoke.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --large-keyrings

This command will list all keys, but it will skip the signatures check.

--license-recover

Enables email support for license recovery.

If you are re-licensing PGP Command Line and the information entered (licensee name

and organization) does not match the information for which the existing authorization

was issued, you will get an error.

In such a case, an email message will be sent to you with the correct information if the

license recover feature is enabled.

The default is enabled.

Examples:

pgp --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron" --

license-email "alice@example.com" --license-organization

"Example Corporation" --license-number "D45T4-TXXWZ-FNPVB-

LP6MJ-12NWJ-ZYA" authorization.txt --force --license-recover

In this case you will get an error since the file "authorization.txt" was issued for

the data that does not match the data entered in the above command. The option -

-license-recover is enabled by default and can be omitted on the command

line.

Options

Boolean Options

175

pgp --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron" --

license-email "alice@example.com" --license-organization

"Example Corporation" --license-number "D45T4-TXXWZ-FNPVB-

LP6MJ-12NWJ-ZYA" authorization.txt --force --no-license-

recover

In this case you will also get an error since the file "authorization.txt" was issued

for the data that does not match the data entered in the above command. Since

you used --no-license-recover, you will not get an email from the license

server.

--local-mode

Forces the PGP SDK to initialize and run in local mode. The default is off.

Running in local mode means passphrase and keyring caches are not enabled or used.

Entropy generation can be affected in some cases as well.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --local-mode

Performs the --list-keys command in local mode.

--marginal-as-valid

Treat keys with marginal validity as fully valid. The default is off.

--master-key

Specifies that a master key should be used for this operation.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --change-passphrase "Bob Smith" --master-key --passphrase

"sm1t4" --new-passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Replaces the old passphrase (sm1t4) on the master key of the specified key with a

new passphrase (b0bsm1t4).

--pass-through

Pass through non-PGP data during decode. The default is off.

The option --pass-through is useful for decrypting an email, for example, and

preserving the headers.

Caution: If there is data outside a signature and you are using --pass-through,

there is no way to tell what was originally signed.

Example:

pgp --decrypt file ... --pass-through

176 Options

Boolean Options

Decrypt a file with pass through enabled.

--passphrase-cache

Enables the passphrase cache. The default is off.

This option does not work with --local-mode.

--photo

Specifies that PGP Command Line is to match a photo ID when searching for users to

match. The default is off.

This option is implemented for --sign-userid, --remove-sig, and --revoke-sig.

Example:

pgp --sign-userid jasonskey --user mykey --photo

Sign the photo ID on Jason’s key.

--quiet (-q)

--recursive

Enables recursive mode, which is used to select items in subdirectories for archiving

and wiping.

This option is automatically enabled for --archive and --sda; it cannot be disabled

for these commands.

Example:

pgp --wipe *

pgp --wipe * --recursive

The first command wipes just the files at the specified location; subdirectories and

files in those subdirectories are not wiped. The second command, with --

recursive, wipes the files at the specified location and all subdirectories and all

files in those subdirectories.

--reverse-sort, --reverse

Causes lists to be sorted backwards. The default is off.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --sort userid --reverse-sort

Lists keys on the keyring in reverse order, sorted by user ID.

Options

Boolean Options

177

--sda

This option is used with --encrypt or --decrypt to encode or decode a Self-

Decrypting Archive (SDA).

An SDA is an encrypted archive that contains the code needed to decrypt it, but the

recipient does not need to have PGP Command Line or PGP Desktop on their system to

open the SDA. Because of this, you must be able to securely communicate the

passphrase of the SDA to the person who is going to be decrypting it.

To specify the target platform for the output file, see --target-platform for more

details. The extension .exe will be added also on all UNIX platforms in order to

differentiate the new SDA from the original file.

The default is FALSE.

Examples:

1 pgp --encrypt newreports --symmetric-passphrase "B0b*sm1t4" --

sda --target-platform win32

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (0:output file newreports.exe)

When encrypting only one file or directory, you do not need to specify the output

file: it will be created with the extension .exe by default.

2 pgp --encrypt reports newreports -o allreports.exe --

symmetric-passphrase "B0b*sm1t4" --sda --target-platform win32

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (0:output file allreports.exe)

When encrypting more files or directories into one SDA, you must specify the

output file with the extension (allreports.exe).

--skep

PGP Command Line uses this option when joining split keys over the network. It looks

for split files on the network and if it does not find enough of them, it continues to

listen using the timeout defined by the option --skep-timeout.

The default is FALSE.

This option is used with the commands --join-key and --join-key-cache-only.

Example:

pgp --join-key "Alice Cameron" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --share

"Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11" --force --skep --skep-timeout 300

Tells the key joining operation to wait 5 minutes before it times out (the default

for --skep-timeout is 120 seconds).

--text-mode, --text (-t)

Forces the input to canonical text mode. The default is off.

This option should not be used with binary files, because they will not decode properly.

Auto detection of file type is currently not supported.

178 Options

Boolean Options

Example:

pgp -er user file.txt -t

The file.txt will decrypt properly on systems with alternate line endings.

--truncate-passphrase

Truncates all passphrases at the first newline, which is compatible with how GPG

handles passphrases.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --er <user> --passphrase-fd <fd> --truncate-passphrase

Truncates passphrases used in this operation at the first newline.

--verbose (-v)

--warn-adk

Enables warning messages for ADKs. The default is off. See also --enforce-adk, as

some warnings are not affected by this option.

You can also enable this option in the PGP Command Line configuration file; see

Configuration File (on page 36) for more information.

ADK warning messages are issued based on:

 If --enforce-adk is set to require and --warn-adk is enabled, PGP Command

Line will issue a warning when adding an ADK.

 If --enforce-adk is set to attempt and --warn-adk is enabled, PGP Command

Line will issue a warning when adding an ADK.

 If --enforce-adk is set to off and --warn-adk is enabled, PGP Command Line

will issue a warning when an ADK is not found and when skipping an ADK.

--wrapper-key

Specifies that a wrapper key should be used for the current operation.

The default is FALSE.

Example:

pgp --import key.p12 --wrapper-key --passphrase <p12pass>

Imports file "key.p12" as a wrapper key. The passphrase to the PKCS-12 private

key is provided.

--xml

This option is used to list information in XML format.

Options

Integer Options

179

PGP Command Line will display all information including all user IDs and signatures in

this format. You can list all keys or specify a single key for this operation.

To list keys in XML format, you may use either the command --list-keys-xml, or a

key list operation with the added option --xml, such as --list-keys user1 --xml,

or --list-keys --xml.

Because of it's flexibility, Symantec Corporation recommends using --xml instead of

commands that end with -xml.

The default is FALSE.

This option is used with the following commands: --list-keys, --list-key-

details, --list-userids, --list-sigs, --list-sig-details, --list-users,

and other key listing commands such as --keyserver-search.

Example:

pgp --list-keys Bob --xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<key>

<validity>complete</validity>

<trust>implicit</trust>

………

</keyList>

This command displays output in XML format.

Refer to the command --list-keys-xml to see the complete XML output.

Integer Options

Integer options are options that take a single number as an argument. Currently PGP

Command Line does not support these options with negative values. The argument is

required in all cases.

Integer arguments are never secure.

180 Options

Integer Options

--3des

Specifies the precedence for the 3DES cipher algorithm. The default is not set.

This option takes as argument any number between 1 and the total number of ciphers

(currently eight). The cipher set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Examples:

1 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --3des 1

Sets 3DES to be the only preferred cipher.

2 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --3des 1 --aes256 2

Sets 3DES and AES256 to be preferred ciphers.

--aes128, --aes192, --aes256

Specifies the precedence for the AES128, AES192, or AES256 cipher algorithm. The

default is not set.

This option takes as argument any number between 1 and the total number of ciphers

(currently eight). The cipher set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Examples:

1 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --aes128 1

Sets AES128 to be the only preferred cipher.

2 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --aes128 1 --aes256 2

Sets AES128 and AES256 to be preferred ciphers.

3 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --aes192 1 --aes256 2

Sets AES192 and AES256 to be preferred ciphers.

--bits, --encryption-bits

Specifies the size of the encryption key for generation. This option is required for all

key types.

Valid sizes for RSA v4 are 1024 to 4096 bits, DH are 1024 to 4096 bits.

 For RSA-sign-only keys, this option is mapped to --signing-bits, if not already

supplied.

 For DH-sign-only keys, this option is mapped to --signing-bits, if not already

supplied.

 Neither --encryption-bits nor --bits is a required option for RSA-sign-only

keys if --signing-bits is set.

Options

Integer Options

181

 Neither --encryption-bits, --bits, nor --signing-bits is required for

DH-sign-only keys, as the only valid setting is 1024 bits (specifying --bits or --

signing-bits for a DH-sign-only key with a size other than 1024 returns an

error).

Refer to the command --gen-key for more details.

--blowfish

The algorithm Blowfish is deprecated and should not be set for new encryption keys.

Due to concerns over security, PGP Command Line does not allow you to create new

encryption keys with Blowfish specified as the preferred cipher, but it can be used

either to decrypt messages encrypted using Blowfish, or to encrypt messages to existing

PGP keys that specify Blowfish as their preferred cipher.

The only action you can take with PGP Command Line in regards to Blowfish is to

remove it as a preferred cipher from a key.

Example:

pgp --remove-preferred-ciphers "Bob Smith" --cipher blowfish -

-passphrase "B0b*Sm1t4"

Removes Blowfish as the preferred cipher.

--bzip2

Specifies the precedence of the BZip2 compression algorithm. The default is not set.

Takes a number between one and the total number of compression algorithms

(currently three). The compression algorithm set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms --bzip2 1 --zip 2

Sets BZip2 and Zip to be the preferred compression algorithms.

--cast5

Specifies the precedence for the CAST5 cipher algorithm. The default is not set.

Takes a number between 1 and the total number of ciphers (currently eight). The cipher

set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Examples:

1 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --cast5 1

Sets CAST5 to be the only preferred cipher.

2 pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --cast5 1 --aes256 2

Sets CAST5 and AES256 to be preferred ciphers.

182 Options

Integer Options

--creation-days

Changes the number of days until creation (1 equals tomorrow, 2 equals the next day,

and so on). The default is today. See --creation-date for more information.

The option --creation-days is used only with --gen-key and --gen-subkey. It

cannot be used on the same operation as --creation-date.

Using --creation-days changes the behavior of --expiration-days.

Example:

pgp --gen-key test ... --creation-days 31

Key will be valid starting in 31 days.

--expiration-days

Changes the number of days until expiration. The default is not set (no expiration). See

--expiration-date for more information.

Days are interpreted as days from creation. If no creation is specified (with a date or

number of days), --expiration-days is days from today (1 equals tomorrow, 2

equals the next day, and so on).

This option cannot be used on the same operation as --expiration-date. It is used

only with the commands --gen-key and --gen-subkey.

If --creation-date is set, this becomes number of days from the creation date. If --

creation-days is set, this becomes number of days from the creation date.

Examples:

1 pgp --gen-key test ... --expire-days 31

Key valid for 31 days.

2 pgp --gen-key test ... --creation-date 2008-01-01 --expire-

days 31

Key valid in January of 2008.

--idea

Specifies the precedence for the IDEA cipher algorithm. The default is not set. It takes a

number between 1 and the total number of ciphers (currently eight). The cipher set to 1

is the preferred cipher.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --idea 1 --aes256 2

Set IDEA and AES256 to be preferred ciphers.

Options

Integer Options

183

--index

Specifies which object to use if multiple objects are found. The default is not set. If

there is only one match, then the first item is returned. If there are multiple matches,

then an error is returned.

This option requires an integer value greater than zero. This option works only with --

photo to specify which photo ID is to be acted on. PGP Command Line lets you add

only one photo ID to a key. Other applications with which PGP Command Line is

compatible allow users to add more than one photo ID to a key; --index lets you work

with these keys.

Examples:

1 pgp --remove-photoid bobs-key

Removes the first, and only, photo ID on bobs-key.

2 pgp --remove-photoid bobs-key --index 1

Remove the first photo ID on bobs-key when there is more than one.

3 pgp --remove-photoid bills-key --index 2

Removes the second photo ID on bills-key when there are two or more.

4 pgp --remove-photoid bills-key

Error, bills-key has two photo IDs on it.

--keyring-cache-timeout

Sets the number of seconds after which the keyring cache will time out. This option

requires --keyring-cache (on page 173) to be enabled.

If set to zero, the keyring will not time out unless the cache is specifically purged. If

timeout is greater than zero, the keyring will time out after the specified number of

seconds.

The default time for keyring cache is 120 seconds.

Example:

pgp --cache-passphrase 0x73CC6D8F --passphrase "Alice*cam3r0n"

--keyring-cache --keyring-cache-timeout 0

Cache the specified keyring with no timeout.

--keyserver-timeout

Sets the number of seconds until a keyserver operation times out. The default is 120

seconds and the minimum setting is one second.

The option --keyserver-timeout applies to a single keyserver operation; when

searching multiple servers, the timeout increases. The update operation can use

multiple keyservers, as well.

184 Options

Integer Options

Example:

pgp --keyserver-search user --keyserver-timeout 30

Search with a 30-second timeout.

--md5

This option is used to specify precedence of MD5 hash algorithm. Note that only v4

keys have preferred hashes.

 Digest length: 16 bytes

 Block size: 64 bytes

 Max. final block size: 55 bytes

 State size: 16 bytes

 Default: UNSET

This option is used with the following commands: --add-preferred-hash, --set-

preferred-hashes, and --remove-preferred-hash.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-hash Bob --hash md5 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred hash algorithm MD5 to Bob’s key.

--passphrase-cache-timeout

Specifies the number of seconds a passphrase lasts when cached. The default is 120

seconds.

Using a setting of zero means the passphrase cache will not time out, unless the cache

is purged. A number greater than zero means the passphrase cache will time out after

the specified number of seconds.

This option requires --passphrase-cache.

Examples:

1 pgp --passphrase-cache --passphrase-cache-timeout 0 --cache-

passphrase user --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

The passphrase cache will not time out until the cache is purged.

2 pgp --cache-passphrase 0x73CC6D8F --passphrase "A1ice*cam3r0n"

--passphrase-cache --passphrase-cache-timeout 0

Cache the specified passphrase with no timeout.

--partitioned

Specifies the precedence of the partitioned email encoding scheme on a key.

The value can be a number between 1 and the total number of available email encodings

(currently two: pgp-mime and partitioned).

Options

Integer Options

185

The default is unset.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-email-encodings ... --partitioned 1 --pgp-

mime 2

Establishes partitioned as the preferred email encoding scheme for the key and

pgp-mime as secondary.

--pgp-mime

Specifies the precedence of the pgp-mime email encoding scheme on a key.

The value can be a number between 1 and the total number of available email encodings

(currently two: pgp-mime and partitioned).

The default is unset.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-email-encodings ... --pgp-mime 1 --

partitioned 2

Establishes pgp-mime as the preferred email encoding scheme for the key and

partitioned as secondary.

--ripemd160

This option is used to specify precedence of RIPEMD hash algorithm. Note that only v4

keys have preferred hashes.

 Digest length: 20 bytes

 Block size: 64 bytes

 Max. final block size: 55 bytes

 State size: 20 bytes

 Default: UNSET

THis option is used with the following commands: --add-preferred-hash, --set-

preferred-hashes, and --remove-preferred-hash.

Example:

1 pgp --add-preferred-hash Bob --hash ripemd160 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred hash algorithm RIPEMD160 to Bob's key.

2 pgp --set-preferred-hashes Bob --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --

ripemd160 1 --sha256 2 --sha384 3

Sets first RIPEMD160 and then SHA-256 and SHA-384 as preferred hashes for

Bob's key.

3 pgp --remove-preferred-hash Bob --hash ripemd160 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Removes the preferred hash algorithm RIPEMD160 from Bob’s key.

186 Options

Integer Options

--sha, --sha256, --sha384, --sha512

These options are used to specify precedence of the specified hash algorithm. Note that

only v4 keys have preferred hashes. The default is unset. These options are used with

the following commands: --add-preferred-hash, --set-preferred-hashes, and

--remove-preferred-hash.

SHA-1

 Digest length: 20 bytes

 Block size: 64 bytes

 Max. final block size: 55 bytes

 State size: 20 bytes

SHA-256

 Digest length: 32 bytes

 Block size: 64 bytes

 Max. final block size: 55 bytes

 State size: 32 bytes

SHA-384

 Digest length: 32 bytes

 Block size: 64 bytes

 Max. final block size: 55 bytes

 State size: 32 bytes

SHA-512

 Digest length: 64 bytes

 Block size: 128 bytes

 Max. final block size: 111 bytes

State size: 64 bytes Examples:

1 pgp --add-preferred-hash Bob --hash md5 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred hash algorithm MD5 to Bob's key.

2 pgp --set-preferred-hashes Bob --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --md5 1

--sha256 2 --sha384 3

Sets first MD5 and then SHA-256 and SHA-384 as preferred hashes for Bob’s key.

Options

Integer Options

187

3 pgp --remove-preferred-hash "Bob Smith" --hash md5 --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Removes the preferred hash algorithm MD5 from Bob's key.

--signing-bits

Specifies the size of the master key for generation.

Valid bit ranges for signing keys are: RSA v4, 1024 to 4096 bits; DH, 1024 bits. For RSA

legacy keys, either --bits or --signing-bits can be supplied.

For RSA v4 keys, this option can be set independently of --bits. For DH keys, this

option is automatically set to 1024.

For detailed explanation, refer to the command --gen-key (on page 97).

--skep-timeout

Changes the timeout for joining keys over the network. There is no value reserved to

indicate no timeout. The default is 120 seconds.

This option is used with the command --join-key.

Example:

pgp --join-key "Alice Cameron" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --share

"Alice Cameron-1-Bob Smith.shf" --share "Alice Cameron-2-Jill

Johnson.shf:ji11" --force --skep --skep-timeout 300

Tells the key joining operation to wait 5 minutes before it times out.

--threshold

Establishes the minimum share threshold required when reconstituting a split key. The

default is not set. Refer to “--SPLIT-KEY” ON PAGE 128 for more information splitting a key.

Requires a value greater than zero and less than or equal to the total number of shares.

Example:

pgp --split-key 0x1234abcd --threshold 5 --share share1 ...

Establishes a threshold of 5 shares for the key being split.

--trust-depth

Sets the trust depth to use when creating meta-introducer and trusted-introducer

signatures. The default for meta-introducer signatures is 2. The default for trusted-

introducer signatures is 1.

For meta-introducer signatures, available values are 2 to 8, inclusive. For trusted-

introducer signatures, 1 to 8, inclusive

Example:

pgp --sign-key ... --trust-depth 4

188 Options

Integer Options

Sets the trust depth to 4.

--twofish

Specifies the precedence for the Twofish cipher algorithm. The default is not set. It

takes a number between 1 and the total number of ciphers (currently eight). The cipher

set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-cipher user --twofish 1

Sets Twofish to be the only preferred cipher.

--wipe-input-passes

This option sets the number of wipe passes when wiping the input file. This number

must be between 1 and 49 (inclusive). The default is 3.

This option requires --input-cleanup to be set for wipe following one of the file

generating commands: --armor, --clearsign, --decrypt, --detached, --

encrypt, and --sign.

Example:

pgp -er alice report.txt --input-cleanup wipe --wipe-input-

passes 8

Encrypt the file report.txt and wipe the original with 8 passes.

--wipe-overwrite-passes

This option sets the number of wipe passes to use when overwriting an existing output

file. The number of passes must be between 1 and 49 (inclusive).The default is 3.

This option requires --overwrite to be set for wipe following one of the file

generating commands: --armor, --clearsign, --decrypt, --detached, --

encrypt, and --sign.

Example:

pgp -er Bob report.txt --overwrite wipe --wipe-overwrite-

passes 12

Encrypt "report.txt" and then wipe the output file with 12 passes.

--wipe-passes

Sets the number of passes to use with --wipe (between 1 and 49 inclusive). This

command exceeds the media sanitization requirements of DoD 5220.22-M at 3 passes

(which is the default for this option). The default is 3.

Example:

pgp --wipe README.txt --wipe-passes 6

Wipes the file README.txt with 6 passes.

Options

Enumeration Options

189

--wipe-temp-passes

Sets the number of wipe passes to use when wiping temporary files. The default is 3.

The number of passes must be from 1 to 49, inclusive.

This option requires --temp-cleanup to be set for wipe following one of the file

generating commands: --armor, --clearsign, --decrypt, --detached, --

encrypt, and --sign.

Example:

pgp -er Alice report.txt --input-cleanup wipe --wipe-temp-

passes 8

Encrypt file, then wipe the temporary file with 8 passes.

--zip

Specifies the precedence of the Zip compression algorithm. The default is not set. It

takes a number between one and the total number of compression algorithms

(currently three). The compression algorithm set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms --zip 1 --zlib 2

Sets Zip and Zlib to be the preferred compression algorithms.

--zlib

Specifies the precedence of the Zlib compression algorithm. The default is not set. It

takes aa number between one and the total number of compression algorithms

(currently three). The compression algorithm set to 1 is the preferred cipher.

Example:

pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms --zlib 1 --zip 2

Sets Zlib and Zip to be the preferred compression algorithms.

Enumeration Options

Enumeration options are options that take one of a specific set of strings that get

converted internally to values. Each option has its own set of arguments. The argument

is always required.

Enumeration arguments are never secure.

--auto-import-keys

Changes the behavior of PGP Command Line when keys are found during non-import

operations.The default is all.

190 Options

Enumeration Options

Options are:

 off (do not automatically import keys)

 merge (only merge the key if it already exists on the local keyring)

 new (import the key if it does not exist on the local keyring)

 all (automatically import / merge all keys found)

Examples:

1 pgp --decrypt file-with-keys.pgp --auto-import-keys off

Skips keys.

2 pgp --decrypt file-with-keys.pgp --auto-import-keys new

Gets any new keys.

--cipher

Specifies a cipher to use with certain operations. The default is unset. AES256 is used

for those operations that require a cipher to be set. Symmetric encryption defaults to

AES256.

This operation has no affect in certain cases; refer to --set-preferred-ciphers for more

information. Blowfish is deprecated.

Options are as follows:

 idea (IDEA cipher)

 3des (3DES cipher)

 cast5 (CAST5 cipher)

 blowfish (Blowfish cipher)

 aes128 (AES128 cipher)

 aes192 (AES192 cipher)

 aes256 (AES256 cipher)

 twofish (Twofish 256 cipher)

Examples:

1 pgp -c report.txt --symmetric-passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --cipher

cast5

Conventionally encrypts the file for the recipient Bob using the CAST5 cipher.

2 pgp --add-preferred-cipher Bill --cipher idea --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the cipher IDEA as the preferred cipher for Bill’s key.

Options

Enumeration Options

191

--compression-algorithm

Sets the compression algorithm. Note that this option doesn't work with public key

encryption, because in this case the recipient's key preferences are used. Mainly for

This option is used mainly with symmetric encryption; it can be used also with the

public key encryption, which is an advanced feature (see --encrypt for more

information).

This option can be used with the following arguments:

 zip. ZIP compression (default for SDK)

 zlib. ZLIB compression

bzip2. BZIP2 compression Examples:

1 pgp -s report.txt --signer Bob --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --

compression-algorithm zip

An opaque attached signature (sign only) is created by Bob.

2 pgp -cs report.txt --symmetric-passphrase "sympass" --signer

"Bob Smith" --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --compression-algorithm

zlib

pgp -c report.txt --symmetric-passphrase "sympass" --

compression-algorithm zip

Two conventionally encrypted and signed files are created using the option --

compression-algorithm.

3 pgp --add-preferred-compression-algorithm "Bill Brown" --

compression-algorithm zlib --passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred compression algorithms zlib to Bill's key:

--compression-level

Sets the compression level for the current operation. The choices are as follows:

 default. Use the default compression level.

 fastest. Use the least compression.

 balanced. Optimize compression for size and speed.

 smallest. Use the most compression.

The default is balanced.

This option currently valid only for SDA creation.

Example:

pgp --encrypt newreports -o newreports.exe --symmetric-

passphrase "B0b*sm1t4" --sda --compression-level fastest

pgp00001.tmp:encrypt (0:output file newreports.exe)

This command produced a self-decrypting archive "newreports.exe" using the

least amount of compression.

192 Options

Enumeration Options

--email-encoding

Specifies the email encoding to use with certain operations, such as editing the

preferred email encoding for a key, for example.

The choices are as follows:

 pgp-mime. Use PGP-MIME encoding.

 partitioned. Use partitioned encoding (formerly known as PGP Legacy encoding).

The default is unset.

Example:

pgp --add-preferred-email-encoding ... --email-encoding

pgpmime

Specifies pgp-mime as the preferred email encoding for the key.

--enforce-adk

Changes the ADK enforcement policy. The default is attempt.

Options are: off (do not enforce any ADKs), attempt (attempt to enforce all ADKs), and

require (require all ADKs).

When off is specified, warnings are only generated when --warn-adk is enabled. When

attempt is specified, a non-suppressible warning is generated if an ADK is not found or

if an ADK is not valid. Also when attempt is specified, if --warn-adk is enabled, a warning

is generated when adding an ADK to the recipient set.

When require is specified, an error will be generated if an ADK is not found or an ADK

is not valid. When require is specified, if --warn-adk is enabled, a warning is generated

when adding an ADK to the recipient set.

Examples:

1 pgp -er user file --enforce-adk require

Require all ADKs; error otherwise.

2 pgp -er user file --enforce-adk off

Ignore all ADKs.

3 pgp -er user file --enforce-adk off --warn-adk

Ignore all ADKs, but show them.

--export-format

This option lets you specify an export format.

Choose the export format from the following list of supported formats:

 complete (default format). Only armored blocks are output; the default file

extension is .asc.

Options

Enumeration Options

193

 compatible. Only armored blocks are output; the default file extension is .asc. Use

compatible to export keys in the format compatible with older versions of PGP

software (Versions 7.0 and prior).

 x509-cert. Only armored blocks are output; the default file extension is .crt. In this

case, input must match exactly one key and --cert is required.

 pkcs8. Only binary blocks are output; the default file extension is .p8; a signed key

must be paired; and input must match exactly one key. In this case, --cert is

required.

 pkcs12. Only binary blocks are output; the default file extension is .p12; a signed

key must be paired; and input must match exactly one key. In this case, --cert is

required.

 csr. This option generates a certificate signing request (CSR). Only armored blocks

are output and the default file extension is .csr. In this case, user must match

exactly one key and key must be paired. The preferred method to create a CSR is to

associate the certificate with a specific subkey using the --subkey option.

Example:

pgp --export-key-pair "Bill Brown" --export-format complete --

passphrase " "

Bill's key pair is exported to the ASCII-armored file "Bill Brown.asc" with no

passphrase.

--hash

Used with operations that need to specify a single hash algorithm. The default is unset.

Choose from the following list of hashes:

 md5. MD5 hash

 ripemd160. RIPEMD-160 hash

 sha. SHA-1 hash

 sha256. SHA-256 hash

 sha384. SHA-384 hash

 sha512. SHA-512 hash

This option is used with the following commands: --add-preferred-hash, --

remove-preferred-hash, and -s/--sign (see --sign for more information)

Example:

1 pgp --add-preferred-hash "Bob Smith" --hash md5 --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Adds the preferred hash algorithm MD5 to Bob's key.

2 pgp -s report.txt --signer Bob --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --hash

md5

The file "report.txt.asc" is signed by Bob using the hash algorithm MD5.

194 Options

Enumeration Options

--import-format

Specifies the import format for the current operation. Choose one of the following

supported import formats:

 auto. Auto detect import format, which is the default. When using auto detect, PGP

Command Line will key off the file extension:

 – crt,.pem for x509-cert

 – asc,.pgp for pgp

 – p7,.p7b for pkcs7

 – p12,.pfx for pkcs12

If the format cannot be determined from the file extension, PGP Command Line

will also look at the file header.

 pgp. PGP key

 x509-cert. PEM encoded X.509 certificate

 pkcs7. PKCS7 data

 pkcs12. PKCS12 data. The option --passphrase is required when importing

PKCS12 data, even if it is an empty string.

Examples:

1 pgp --import "Bob Smith.asc" --import-format pgp

Bob Smith.asc:import key (0:key imported as 0x6245273E Bob

Smith <bob@example.com>)

Import Bob’s key using the PGP file format.

2 pgp --import "Bob Smith.asc" --import-format auto

Bob Smith.asc:import key (0:key imported as 0x6245273E Bob

Smith <bob@example.com>)

In this case, the import format was detected automatically.

--input-cleanup

Determines what to do with input files when an operation has finished with them. The

default is off. Input can be plaintext or ciphertext. See --wipe-input-passes for

more information.

Options are:

 off (leave input files alone)

 remove (delete input files)

 wipe (wipe input files)

Example:

pgp -er user file.txt --input-cleanup wipe

Encrypts a file and then wipes the original when done.

Options

Enumeration Options

195

--key-flag

Specifies the key preference flag. These flags specify how a key will encrypt or sign and

are grouped by their function into key usage flags, keyserver preference flags, and key

feature flags.

This option is used with the commands --set-key-flag and --clear-key-flag.

The default is unset.

The key preference flags are:

Key usage flags:

 sign-user-ids. When this flag is specified, the key can sign user IDs.

 sign-messages. When this flag is specified, the key can sign messages.

 encrypt-communications. When this flag is specified, the key can encrypt

communications.

 encrypt-storage. When this flag is specified, the key can encrypt for storage.

 private-shared. When this flag is specified, the private key is in the possession of a

third party (group bit)

 sign. This flag specifies all signing flags at the same time.

 encrypt. This flag specifies all encryption flags at the same time.

 encrypt-and-sign. This flag specifies all signing and encryption flags at the same

time.

Keyserver preferences

 no-modify. This flag requests that only the owner may modify the key on the server.

Examples:

pgp --set-key-flag Bob --key-flag private-shared --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4" 0x2B65A65E:set key flag (0:flags updated

successfully)

You have successfully set the preference flag on Bob's key to "private-shared".

--key-type

Specifies a key type when generating keys. This option is required when --gen-key is

used.

Options are:

 rsa (the newer RSA v4 key format)

 rsa-sign-only (the newer RSA v4 key format with no automatically generated

subkey)

 dh (the Diffie-Hellman/DSS v4 key format)

196 Options

Enumeration Options

 dh-sign-only (the Diffie-Hellman/DSS v4 key format with no automatically

generated subkey).

--manual-import-key-pairs

Changes the behavior of PGP Command Line when key pairs are found during import.

The manual key import can be set as follows:

 off. Do not import key pairs

 public. Imports public keys only

 pair. Imports key pairs

The default is pair.

Example:

pgp --import "Bob Smith.asc" --manual-import-key-pairs public

Bob Smith.asc:import key (0:key imported as 0x6245273E Bob

Smith <bob@example.com>

Only Bob’s public key was imported.

--manual-import-keys

Changes the behavior of PGP Command Line when keys are found during import

operations. The default is all. The available settings are:

 off (do not import keys)

 merge (only merge the key if it already exists on the local keyring)

 new (import the key if it does not exist on the local keyring)

 all (import/merge all keys found)

Example:

pgp --import key.asc --manual-import-keys merge

Merge existing keys only.

--overwrite

Determines what to do when an operation tries to create an output file but it exists. The

default is off.

Options are:

 off (return an error if the file exists)

 remove (delete the existing file)

 rename (rename the current output file and try again; existing files are left alone)

 wipe (wipe the existing file)

Options

Enumeration Options

197

When the rename option is in use, PGP Command Line renames files by adding a

number to the filename (for example, /dir/file.ext becomes /dir/file.x.ext, where x is a

number from 1 to 10,000). If 10,000 renamed files is surpassed, an error is returned.

--sig-type

Specifies the signature type when signing user IDs. Default is local. See --sign-key and --

sign-userid for more information.

Options are:

 local (non-exportable signature)

 exportable (exportable signature)

 meta-introducer (non-exportable meta-introducer signature)

 trusted-introducer (exportable trusted introducer signature)

--sort-order, --sort

Changes the sort order for writing key lists. This option accepts the following

arguments:

 any. Key order is not changed at all.

 creation. Sort by creation date.

 email. Sort by email address of the primary user ID.

 expiration. Sort by expiration date.

 keyid. Sort by key ID.

 keysize. Sort by key size.

 subkeysize. Sort by subkey size.

 trust. Sort by trust.

 userid. Sort by primary user ID.

 validity. Sort by validity.

Key ID sorting does not work as expected, because keys are sorted by their 64-bit key

IDs while PGP Command Line generally shows the 32-bit key ID.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --sort-order email

RSA4 pair 2048/2048 [VI---] 0x3E439B98 Alice Cameron

<alice@example.com>

RSA4 pair 2048/2048 [VI--A] 0x6245273E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

RSA4 pair 2048/2048 [VI---] 0x5571A08B Fumiko Asako

<fumiko@example.com>

RSA4 pair 2048/2048 [VI---] 0xF6EFC4D9 Jose Medina

<jose@example.com>

198 Options

Enumeration Options

--tar-cache-cleanup

Specifies how PGP Command Line removes a temporary TAR cache file.

TAR cache files are stored encrypted, so leaving them on the system is a minimal

security risk. If wipe is used, the number of passes is taken from --wipe-temp-

passes.

Options are:

 off: leaves the TAR cache file on the system.

 remove: removes any TAR cache files from the system.

 wipe: securely wipes any TAR cache files from the system.

The default is remove.

Example:

pgp --decrypt --archive.pgp ... --tar-cache-cleanup off

The temporary TAR cache files are left on the system.

--target-platform

Specifies the platform on which a SDA can decrypt itself.

The default is current platform. This option is used with --encrypt and --sda, such

as:

pgp --encrypt <SDA> --sda --target-platform <platform>

The OS platforms for which the files can be encrypted are:

 win32 (Windows)

 linux (Linux)

 solaris (Solaris)

 aix (AIX)

 hpux (HP-UX)

 osx (Mac OS X)

Example:

pgp -e report.txt -r Bob --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" --target-

platform hpux report.txt:encrypt (0:output file

report.txt.pgp)

This command produced the encrypted file "report.txt.pgp" prepared for the HP-

UX platform.

--temp-cleanup

Determines what to do when an operation tries to remove a temporary file. The default

is wipe.

Options

String Options

199

Options are: off (leave temporary files behind), remove (remove temporary files), and wipe

(wipe temporary files).

The remove option is recommended for large encryptions, as it will speed up the

process.

Removing temporary files does not occur under some circumstances. It will occur if the

output from an operation could not be moved into place or if the output file is on

another file system than the temporary file.

--trust

Sets the trust for the current operation. This option is required when --set-trust is used.

See --set-trust for more information.

Trust options are: never (the key is never trusted), marginal (the key is marginally

trusted), complete (the key is fully trusted), implicit (the key has ultimate trust).

Example:

pgp --set-trust key --trust complete

String Options

String options are options that take a single string as an argument. This argument is

required in all cases.

In certain cases, white space is required in an argument; in these cases, double quotes

must be used to enclose the entire argument.

--basic-constraint

Specifies that the certificate being requested via a CSR can only be used in certain ways.

--city, --common-name, --contact-email, --country

Specifies the data when making a certificate signing request (CSR). Used with --

export and --export-key-pair.

--comment

Specifies a comment string to be used in armored output blocks. The default is not set.

This option is not secure.

Strings with spaces in them must be in quotes. When this option is not set, an empty

comment header is not shown.

You can also set this option in the PGP Command Line configuration file; see

Configuration File for more information.

Example:

200 Options

String Options

pgp... --comment "Insert this comment..."

Calls for a comment of "Insert this comment..." in the current operation.

--creation-date

Changes the date of creation for the current operation. The default is unset (today).

This option is not secure. See --creation-days for more information.

Dates must be in the format YYYY-MM-DD (month and day can be a single digit; no

leading zero is required). You cannot use --creation-date and

--creation-days for the same operation. Using --creation-date changes the

behavior of --expiration-days. Dates beyond 2037-12-31 are not allowed.

Examples:

1 pgp --gen-key test ... --creation-date 2004-12-27

Key will be valid starting on Dec. 27, 2004.

2 pgp --gen-key test ... --creation-date 2005-7-4

Key will be valid starting on July 4, 2005.

--default-key

Specifies the default key to use for --sign and for --encrypt-to-self. As this is a

signing key, it must be able to sign. The ability to encrypt is good, but not required. If the

key can encrypt, it will be used for --encrypt-to-self. If it can’t encrypt, a warning

is generated.

Note: --default-key specifies a default key for the current invocation of PGP

Command Line only, not permanently.

If a default key is not specified, PGP Command Line searches for a key to use as the

default. PGP Command Line looks for the most recently created that can sign;

encryption is not required. This option is not secure.

You can specify the default key in either of several ways:

 User ID: a case insensitive substring search of all user IDs on the local keyring. Not

recommended, as you must match exactly one key.

 32-bit key ID

 64-bit key ID

You must make an exact match to exactly one key. The matched key must be able to

sign.

--expiration-date

Changes the date of expiration for the current operation. The default is not set (no

expiration). This option is not secure. See --expiration-days for more information.

Dates must be in the format YYYY-MM-DD (month and day can be a single digit; no

leading zero is required). Dates beyond 2037-12-31 are not allowed.

Options

String Options

201

You cannot use --expiration-date and --expiration-days for the same

operation.

Example:

pgp --gen-key test ... --expiration-date 2005-1-16

Key expires on Jan. 16, 2005.

--export-passphrase

Specifies the passphrase to use when exporting PKCS12 data. The default is not set.

This option is secure.

To specify no passphrase, use the empty string in double quotes: " ". See --export for

more information.

Example:

pgp --export key --sig cert --export-format pkcs12 --

passphrase "keypass" --export-passphrase "newpass"

Specifies to use an export passphrase of "newpass".

--extended-key-usage

Specifies extended key usage information in a CSR.

--home-dir

Establishes where PGP Command Line looks for preference files, keyring files, and the

random seed file. This option is not secure.

The default on Solaris and Linux is $HOME/.pgp/. On Windows, keyring files are stored

in C:\Documents and Settings\<current user>\My Documents\PGP\ and

data files (the random seed file and the configuration file) are stored in C:\Documents

and Settings\<current user>\Application Data\PGP Corporation\PGP\.

If you specify --home-dir, all PGP Command Line files will be stored in the directory

you specify.

To use --home-dir, enter the path to the new home directory (with or without a

trailing directory separator).

All files except preferences can be overridden.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --home-dir other-pgp-files/

Changes the home directory for this command to "other-pgp-files/".

--key-usage

Specifies, in a CSR, what the key on the certificate can be used for.

202 Options

String Options

--local-user (-u), --user

Specifies a local user to use for the current operation. The default is not set. This option

is not secure.

This option can be specified in one of several ways:

 When matching keys:

 User ID (a case insensitive substring search of all user IDs on the local

keyring)

 32-bit key ID

 64-bit key ID

 When matching signatures:

 User ID of the signer (if PGP Command Line has the signing key). User ID

match is a case insensitive substring search.

 32-bit key ID

 64-bit key ID

 When matching X.509 certificates:

 .509 issuer long name

 32-bit key ID (if PGP Command Line has the signing key)

 64-bit key ID (if PGP Command Line has the signing key)

Example:

pgp --sign-key gold --signer "my test user" --passphrase

"B0bsm1t4"

Specifies the user "my test user" for this operation.

--license-name, --license-number, --license-organization, --license-email

These options specify various licensee information when requesting a license

authorization.

The default is unset. These options are used with the command --license-

authorize.

 --license-name is the name of the person for whom the software is licensed

 --license-number is the number a user receives from PGP Corporation

 --license-organization is the organization of the licensee

 --license-email is the email of the person for whom the software is licensed.

This number is used to send license recovery emails and it cannot be changed once

the license is authorized: if you don't specify an email during licensing, the license

recovery won't be possible.

Be sure to enter these options correctly and also to write them down: if you need to

update your license, you will need to enter the identical information again. To get more

information, refer to the command --license-authorize.

Example:

Options

String Options

203

pgp --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron" --

license-email "alice@example.com" --license-organization

"Example Corporation" --license-number "5555-KMKM-44444-33MMM-

MM000-000" authorization.txt

This command will generate a license for the user Alice with the given license

number, using manual authorization and the previously saved license

authorization file.

--new-passphrase

Specifies the new passphrase to use when changing a passphrase.

The default is not set. This option is secure.

To specify no passphrase, specify an empty string in double quotes: " ".

Example:

pgp --change-passphrase user --passphrase "oldpass" --new-

passphrase "newpass"

Specifies a new passphrase of "newpass".

--organization, --organizational-unit

Specifies the organization when making a certificate signing request (CSR). Used with -

-export and --export-key-pair.

--output (-o)

Specifies the output location/object for the current operation. The default is not set; if a

location/object cannot be determined from the input, an error is returned. This option

is not secure.

Operations that require an output filename or directory and do not get it return an

error. The exception to this rule is decoding files that have a suggested filename

embedded in them. User-supplied output filenames will not be modified. You can

specify the following:

 File, specify a file for output.

 Directory, specify to output the file into the directory named.

 “-”, a special keyword that means use the standard output.

Examples:

1 pgp -er user file -o new

Output is an encrypted file called "new".

2 pgp -er user file -o new.pgp

Output is an encrypted file called "new.pgp".

204 Options

String Options

--output-file

Sets a file to use for output messages. The file name can be supplied with or without

path information. The output file is created when PGP Command Line is initialized,

even if no date is written to it. If you want to override the preferences settings and write

to file to the default location, use the value "-" for the output file name.

Default is unset (output messages are written to stdout by default).

Examples:

1 pgp --list-keys --output-file output.txt

The file containing key listing is written to "output.txt"

2 pgp --list-keys --output-file -

In this case, the key list is displayed on the screen.

--passphrase

Specifies a passphrase to use for the current operation. The default is not set. This

option is secure. To specify no passphrase, specify an empty string in double quotes: " ".

Example:

pgp --decrypt file.txt.pgp --passphrase "B0b*sm1t4"

Specifies a passphrase of "B0b*sm1t4" without the quotes for this operation.

See Strings (page 34).

--preferred-keyserver

Specifies a preferred keyserver. The default is not set. This option is not secure. To

remove a keyserver, use --remove-preferred-keyserver.

Prefixes supported are:

 http://

 https://

 ldap://

 ldaps://

 ldapx509://

ldapsx509:// Example:

pgp --add-preferred-keyserver user --preferred-keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

Specifies ldap://keyserver.pgp.com as the preferred keyserver.

Options

String Options

205

--private-keyring

Changes the location of the private keyring file. The default order for keyring search is:

specified on the command line, specified in the configuration file, then home

directory/secring.skr. This option is not secure.

This option always specifies a file. Relative or absolute path information can be

included, but the target must still be a file.

You can also set the location1 in the PGP Command Line configuration file; refer to

Configuration File for more information.

You can specify a single file, relative path, or full path:

 File, relative to the personal directory

 Relative path, relative to the current directory

Absolute path, recommended usage Examples:

1 pgp --private-keyring /home/dave/.pgp/secring-backup.skr

Absolute path to the private keyring file.

2 pgp --private ./secring.skr

Relative path to the private keyring file.

--proxy-passphrase, --proxy-server, --proxy-username

These options specify login credentials for a proxy server and are used with --

license-authorize.The default is unset.

 --proxy-passphrase specifies login credentials to a proxy server.

 --proxy-server specifies a proxy server for certain network operations. If this

server is not supplied, PGP Command Line makes a direct connection.

 --proxy-username specifies login credentials for a proxy server.

Example:

pgp --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron" --

license-email "alice@example.com" --license-organization

"Example Corporation" --license-number "5555-KMKM-44444-33MMM-

MM000-000" --proxy-server "http://192.168.1.98:9000/" --proxy-

username alice --proxy-passphrase "A1ice*Camer0n"

The user Alice has licensed her copy of PGP Command Line over the proxy server

at http://192.168.1.98:9000, using her proxy user name and passphrase.

--public-keyring

Changes the location of the public keyring file. The default order for keyring search is:

specified in configuration file, then home directory/pubring.pkr. This option is not

secure.

206 Options

String Options

This option always specifies a file. Relative or absolute path information can be

included, but the target must still be a file.

You can also set the location in the PGP Command Line configuration file; refer to

Configuration File for more information.

You can specify a single file, relative path, or full path:

 File, relative to the personal directory

 Relative path, relative to the current directory

Absolute path, recommended usage Examples:

1 pgp --public-keyring /home/dave/.pgp/pubring-backup.pkr

Absolute path to the public keyring file.

2 pgp --keyring ./pubring.pkr

Relative path to the public keyring file.

--recon-server

Specifies a PGP Universal Server to use for key reconstruction.

If a reconstruction server is not established, PGP Command Line uses the preferred

keyserver for the key. This option is not secure.

The default is not set.

Example:

pgp --key-recon-send ... --recon-server 10.1.1.45

Uses the PGP Universal Server with IP address 10.1.1.45 for key reconstruction.

--regular-expression

Specifies a regular expression. The default is not set. This option is not secure. Regular

expressions are attached to trusted-introducer signatures as domain restrictions.

Example:

pgp --sign-key 0x12345678 --signer "Alice C" --sig-type

trusted-introducer --passphrase "Sam_Gamgee" --regular-

expression example.com

Restricts trusted introducer signatures to the domain example.com.

--random-seed

Sets the location of the random seed file. The default random seed file is randseed.rnd,

located in the home directory. This option is not secure. You can specify a single file,

relative path, or full path:

 File, relative to the home directory

 Relative path, relative to the current directory

Options

String Options

207

 Absolute path, recommended usage

If the path specified does not exist, the file will not be created. No warning or error is

generated in this case.

Example:

pgp --list-keys --random-seed /home/user/.pgp-

other/randseed.rnd

Specifies a directory location for the random seed file.

--root-path

Specifies a root path (directory path information) when creating SDAs and archives.

The root path will be removed from any input files added to SDAs and archives. The

default is unset.

If the files root/path/dir/file and root/path/dir/file2 are added with root

path set to "root/path", you will get these files in the archive: dir/file and

dir/file2.

--share-server

Specifies a server to use when sending split key shares over the network and us used

with --send-shares. The default is unset.

For more information, refer to --send-shares.

--state

Specifies the state when making a certificate signing request (CSR). Used with --

export and --export-key-pair.

--status-file

Sets a file to use for status messages. The status file is posted in the current working

directory, unless a specific path information is added to the file name. This file is

created on initialization even if no data is written to it. The special value of "-" can be

used to override the preferences setting and to write to the default location.

Note that success messages are sent to the same location as error messages. The default

is unset.

Examples:

1 pgp -er "Bob Smith" newnote.txt --status-file status.log

The file "status.log" was created in the home directory. If you open this file, you

will find the error message for the operation, which in this case is the following

one:

newnote.txt:encrypt (3013:no keys found)

2 pgp -er "Bob Smith" newnote.txt --status-file logs\status1.log

208 Options

String Options

In this case, the file "status1.log" was created in the directory "logs." If you open

this file, you will find the same error message as above:

newnote.txt:encrypt (3013:no keys found)

3 pgp -er "Bob Smith" newnote.txt --status-file -

newnote.txt:encrypt (3013:no keys found)

By using the value "-" as the status file name, you will get the error message

displayed on the screen (which is the default location in this case).

--subject-alternative-name

Specifies additional names for the subject of a CSR.

--symmetric-passphrase

Specifies the symmetric passphrase to use for encryption, decryption, or verification.

The default is not set. This option is secure.

You must enter a passphrase.

When decrypting, PGP Command Line will try all passphrases before giving up. This

means that a symmetric passphrase specified with --passphrase will work correctly. This

does not work for encryption, because PGP Command LIne might need the normal

passphrase to sign the data.

Examples:

1 pgp -c file.txt --symmetric-passphrase "weak"

Specifies a symmetric passphrase of "weak" for the specified file.

2 pgp -c file.txt --symmetric-passphrase "$+r0ng3r-pAss-c0de"

Specifies a stronger symmetric passphrase for the specified file.

--temp-dir

Specifies a temporary directory for PGP Command Line to use.

Setting --temp-dir to a different file system is not recommended for large operations.

This option is not secure. The default is the current directory.

You can specify a relative or absolute path:

 Relative path, relative to the current directory

Absolute path, recommended usage Example:

pgp ---er user file --temp-dir /tmp

Specifies the use of /tmp as a temporary directory.

Options

List Options

209

List Options

Lists are special cases of string options. They follow all the same rules, but there can be

more than one of them defined at any given time.

--additional-recipient

Specifies an additional recipient for an operation. This option works the same as --

recipient; refer to --recipient for more information.

The default is not set. This option is not secure.

--adk

Specifies an ADK (Additional Decryption Key) and is used with --add-adk, --

remove-adk, and --gen-key. The default is unset.

Example:

pgp --add-adk bob@example.com --adk jose@example.com --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add ADK (0:ADKs successfully updated)

You have added an ADK (Jose Medina) to Bob’s key using Bob’s passphrase. If you

check Bob's key now, it will display the following:

pgp --list-key-details bob@example.com

………………

ADK: 0xF6EFC4D9 (0x90AC8366F6EFC4D9)

User ID: Jose Medina <jose@example.com>

Enforced: Yes

--input (-i)

Specifies the input location/object for the current operation. The default is not set (in

some cases the default can be determined from the input; if not, an error is returned).

This option is not secure.

The flag itself is optional. You can just specify the input on the command line without

using the flag. If an operation requires input but does not get it, an error is returned.

The input can be as follows:

 File. Simply specify the file.

 Directory. Specify to put the file into the specified directory.

 "-" . This is a special keyword that means use the standard input.

For operations that require input and get nothing, an error is returned.

210 Options

List Options

Examples:

1 pgp --verify file.txt.sig

The input, file.txt.sig, is entered on the command line without the flag.

2 pgp --decrypt --input - --passphrase "B0bsm1t4" < file.txt.pgp

Use the standard input, which is file.txt.pgp.

--question / --answer

Specify questions and answers for the key reconstruction feature.

The maximum length for a question is 95 characters; the maximum length for an

answer is 255 characters. The minimum length for an answer is six characters. Both

questions and answers should be in quotes.

--question is not secure; --answer is secure. The default is not set.

Example:

pgp --key-recon-send ... --question "What day were you born?"

--question "What is your mother’s maiden name?" ... --answer

"Friday the 13th" --answer "Cameron"

Two questions and their answers are sent to the key reconstruction server.

--keyserver

Specifies a keyserver for the current operation. The default is not set. This option is not

secure.

The basic format for --keyserver is protocol://hostname:port/. If you supply

a keyserver on the command line, keyservers specified in the configuration file are

ignored.

Depending on how your network is configured, certain ports in your corporate firewall

may need to be opened to allow PGP Command Line to access external keyservers.

Supported protocols are:

 LDAP and LDAPPGP: LDAP PGP keyserver

 LDAPS and LDAPSPGP: LDAPS PGP keyserver

 HTTP: HTTP (hkp) keyserver

 LDAPX509: LDAP X.509 keyserver

 LDAPSX509: LDAPS X.509 keyserver

The hostname can be a hostname or an IP address. Port is optional; if not supplied, the

default port for the protocol is used. The defaults are: LDAP, 389; LDAPS, 636; HTTP,

11371.

Example:

pgp --keyserver-send alice@example.com --keyserver

ldap://keyserver.pgp.com

Options

List Options

211

Use the public LDAP keyserver at pgp.com. No port is specified, so the default for

the protocol will be used.

--recipient (-r)

Specifies a recipient for an encrypted message. The default is not set. This option is not

secure.

Recipient lists support the same format as user IDs; see --local-user for more

information.

Examples:

1 pgp -er "ben" file.dat

Encrypt file file.dat to recipient Ben using the short forms of the commands.

2 pgp --encrypt --recipient "dave" file.dat

Encrypt file file.dat to recipient Dave using the long forms of the commands.

3 pgp -er "mike" -r "jim" -r "glen" file*.dat

Encrypt all files that match “file*.dat” to recipients Mike, Jim, and Glen.

--revoker

Specifies a revoker for a key and is used with the commands --add-revoker, --

remove-revoker, --gen-key, and --revoke (third party revocation).

The default is unset.

Example:

pgp --add-adk bob@example.com --adk jose@example.com --

passphrase "B0bsm1t4"

0x6245273E:add ADK (0:ADKs successfully updated)

You added a revoker (Jose Medina) to Bob's key by using Bob's passphrase. If you

check Bob's key now, it will display the following:

pgp --list-key-details bob@example.com

………………….

Revoker: 0xF6EFC4D9 (0x90AC8366F6EFC4D9)

User ID: Jose Medina <jose@example.com>

--share

Specifies a share when splitting a key. The default is not set. This option is secure

because a passphrase may be entered. Refer to --split-key and --join-key for more

information about --share.

Usage:

Key split: <number of shares>:<user>[:passphrase]

212 Options

File Descriptors

Key join: <share file name>[:passphrase]

Where:

<number of shares> is required and must be one or more. This is the number

of shares in the share file that counts towards the threshold when the key is being

reconstituted. You can make all share files include one share, all share files

include multiple shares, or you can assign different numbers of shares to different

share files.

<user> is required and can be specified by user ID, portion of the user ID, or key

ID for a public key or by name if you want to conventionally encrypt the share. If a

username includes a colon (:), it must be preceded by a backslash (\).

<share file name> is required; you can rename a share file if you wish. If a

share file name includes a colon (:), it must be preceded by a backslash (\).

[:passphrase] is optional and is used to provide a passphrase for a

conventionally encrypted share.

Examples:

pgp --split-key ... --share 1:0x1234abcd --share "1:Alice

Cameron" --share 1:John

Specifies three shares to the specified key (not shown), one share to public key

0x1234abcd, one to the public key of Alice Cameron (which is shown in quotes as

there is a space in the name), and one share to the public key of John. If an exact

match to public keys is not made, the key will not be split.

pgp --split-key ... --share 1:conventionaluser:passphrase --

share "2:Alice Cameron" --share 1:0x1234abcd --share "1:Ming

Pa <mingp@example.com>"

Specifies five shares to the specified key (not shown), two to "conventionaluser",

one to Alice Cameron, and two to public key 0x1234abcd. If the threshold were

three, then Alice Cameron could reconstitute the key with any of the others; if

Alice’s share wasn’t available, then all three of the others would need to provide

their shares.

pgp --join-key ... --share ming-1-recip1.shf --share alice-2-

recip2.shf --share maria-3-recip3.shf

Specifies the three files that need to be joined to reconstitute the key that has been

split (not shown).

File Descriptors

These options are very similar to the integer options except that PGP Command LIne

reads from the file descriptor supplied.

--auth-passphrase-fd, auth-passphrase-fd8

Sets --auth-passphrase to the data that is read from a descriptor. The default is not

set. These options are secure. Requires a positive integer.

Options

File Descriptors

213

These options read double byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The

version of this option that ends with “8” will read UTF-8 on Windows, but has no effect

on UNIX since UTF-8 is already being read there.

Example:

pgp ... --auth-passphrase-fd 7

Read authorization passphrase from file descriptor 7.

--export-passphrase-fd, --export-passphrase-fd8

Sets --export-passphrase to the data that is read from a descriptor. The default is

unset. This option is secure. Requires a positive integer.

These options read double byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The

version of this option that ends with "8" will read UTF-8 on Windows, but has no effect

on UNIX since UTF-8 is already being read there.

Example:

pgp ... --export-passphrase-fd 7

Read export passphrase from file descriptor 7.

--new-passphrase-fd, --new-passphrase-fd8

Sets --new-passphrase to the data read from a file descriptor. The default is not set.

This option is secure. Requires a positive integer.

Reads double-byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The version of the

option that ends with "8" reads UTF-8 on Windows; this has no effect on UNIX, as UTF-

8 is already being read there.

Example:

pgp ... --new-passphrase-fd 7

Read new passphrase from file descriptor 7.

--passphrase-fd

Sets --passphrase to the data read from a file descriptor.

The default is not set. This option is secure. Requires a positive integer.

Reads double-byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The version of the

option that ends with "8" reads UTF-8 on Windows; this has no effect on UNIX, as UTF-

8 is already being read there.

Note: Consult the help and/or documentation for the command shell being used for

more information about how that command shell handles file descriptors.

Example:

pgp ... --passphrase-fd 7

Read passphrase from file descriptor 7.

214 Options

File Descriptors

--proxy-passphrase-fd, --proxy-passphrase-fd8

Sets --proxy-passphrase to the data that is read from a descriptor. The default is

not set. These options are secure. Requires a positive integer.

These options read double byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The

version of this option that ends with "8" will read UTF-8 on Windows, but has no effect

on UNIX since UTF-8 is already being read there.

Example:

pgp ... --proxy-passphrase-fd 7

Read proxy passphrase from file descriptor 7.

--symmetric-passphrase-fd, --symmetric-passphrase-fd8

Sets --symmetric-passphrase to the data that is read from a file descriptor. The

default is unset. This option is secure. Requires a positive integer.

These options read double-byte characters on Windows and UTF-8 on UNIX. The

version of this option that ends with "8" will read UTF-8 on Windows; this has no effect

on UNIX, as UTF-8 is already being read there.

Example:

pgp ... --symmetric-passphrase-fd 7

Read symmetric passphrase from file descriptor 7.

This section provides details about the information that PGP Command Line displays in

the following lists:

 the basic key list

 the detailed key list

 the detailed key list in XML format

 the detailed signature list

In This Chapter

Basic Key List............................................................................................................... 215

Detailed Key List ......................................................................................................... 220

Key List in XML Format ............................................................................................. 230

Detailed Signature List .............................................................................................. 237

Basic Key List

Three PGP Command Line commands display information about the keys on the local

keyring in basic output mode: --list-keys, --list-userids, and --list-sigs.

 --list-keys displays the primary user IDs of keys that match the input.

 --list-userids displays all user IDs of keys that match the input.

 --list-sigs displays all user IDs and signatures of keys that match the input.

If you run any of these commands with no user ID or key ID information, all keys on the

keyring will be displayed. If you enter any user or key ID information, only keys that

match that some or all of that information will be displayed.

For example, enter the following command:

pgp --list-sigs "bob@example.com"

PGP Command Line responds with information about the key that has a key ID of

0x1234ABCD if that key is on the local keyring. If the key with that key ID is not on the

local keyring, PGP Command Line responds with "0 keys found".

If the key is found, PGP Command Line responds with something like:

Alg Type Size/Type Flags Key ID User ID

----- ---- --------- ------- ---------- -------

RSA4 pair 2048/2048 [VI--A] 0x6245273E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

RSA sig [ -- ] 0x6245273E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

1 key found

15 Lists

216 Lists

Basic Key List

This response is a basic output mode listing showing the primary user ID, a secondary

user ID, and a signature for one key. This section tells you what this information is and

what it means.

The Default Key Column

The very first character in the display is called the default key column. It has no heading

text.

For the primary user ID, the default key column can have an asterisk (*) or be blank:

 An asterisk (*) in the default key column indicates this key is the default key on the

keyring.

 Nothing in the default key column (" ") indicates this key is not the default key on

the keyring.

The default key column is always blank for secondary user IDs and signatures.

The Algorithm Column

Characters 2 through 5 are the algorithm column. The heading text is "Alg".

For the primary user ID, the algorithm column can display:

 DSS to indicate a DH/DSS key.

 RSA1 to indicate a v1 RSA key (a very old version).

 RSA2 to indicate a v2 RSA key (a very old version).

 RSA to indicate a v3 RSA key, also called an RSA Legacy key.

 RSA4 to indicate a v4 RSA key.

 RSAe to indicate an RSA encrypt-only key.

 RSAs to indicate an RSA sign-only key.

 RSA? to indicate an RSA key of unknown version.

 ECe to indicate an elliptic curve encryption key (not currently supported).

 ECs to indicate elliptic curve signing key (not currently supported).

 0xYY to indicate an unknown key algorithm < 256 (YY is the algorithm ID in

hexadecimal ).

 UNK to indicate an unknown key algorithm >= 256.

For the secondary user IDs, the algorithm column is always blank.

For a signature, the algorithm column can display the following:

 X509 to indicate an X.509 signature.

 DSS to indicate a DSS signature.

 RSA to indicate an RSA signature.

 0xYY to indicate an unknown key algorithm < 256 (YY is the algorithm ID in

hexadecimal).

 UNK to indicate an unknown key algorithm >= 256.

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The Type Column

Characters 7 through 10 are the type column. The heading is "Type".

For the primary user ID, the type column can display:

 pub to indicate a public key.

 pair to indicate a key pair.

 splt to indicate a split key.

For the secondary user IDs, the type column always shows uid.

For a signature, the type column can display:

 sig to indicate a signature in which the signer’s key is known (on the local

keyring).

 sig? to indicate a signature in which the signer’s key is unknown.

 sigX to indicate a corrupt or damaged signature.

The Size/Type Column

Characters 12 through 20 are the size/type column. The heading is "Size/Type".

For the primary user ID, the size/type column can display:

 DSS key with no subkey, shows the size of the signing DSS key.

 RSA v4 key with no subkey shows:

 ssss indicates signing key bits greater than or equal to 1,000.

 sss indicates signing key bits less than 1,000.

 sssss indicates signing key bits greater than or equal to 10,000.

The "s" characters are replaced with actual values.

 DSS or RSA v4 key with subkey present shows:

 eeee/ssss indicates encryption key (subkey) bits followed by signing key

bits.

 eee/ssss if encryption key bits are less than 1,000.

 eeee/ sss if signing key bits are greater than 1,000.

 eee/ sss if both bits are greater than 1,000.

 ****/ssss if encryption key bits are greater than or equal to 10,000.

 eeee/**** if signing key bits are greater than or equal to 10,000.

 ****/**** if both bits are greater than or equal to 10,000.

The "s" and "e" characters are replaced with actual values.

 RSA non-v4 key shows:

 bbbb if key bits are greater than or equal to 1,000.

 bbb if key bits are less than 1,000.

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 bbbbb if key bits are greater than or equal to 10,000.

The "b" characters are replaced with actual values.

For the secondary user IDs, the size/type column can display:

 Blank for a normal user ID.

 photo for a photo user ID.

For a signature, the size/type column can display:

 Blank for an exportable signature or a meta- or trusted-introducer signature.

 private for a non-exportable signature or a meta- or trusted-introducer

signature.

The Flags Column

Characters 22 through 28 are the flags column. The header is "Flags".

The --marginal-as-valid setting does not affect this display.

For the primary user ID, the secondary user IDs, and a signature, the flags column can

display:

 Column 1: Delimiter

[ is always shown.

 Column 2: Validity

V indicates a fully valid key.

v indicates a marginally valid key.

- indicates an invalid key

? indicates unknown validity.

 Column 3: Trust

I indicates an implicitly trusted key.

T indicates a fully trusted key.

t indicates a marginally trusted key.

- indicates an untrusted key.

? indicates unknown trust.

! indicates undefined trust.

 Column 4: Revoked

R indicates a revoked key.

r indicates a unverified revoked key.

- indicates a non-revoked key.

 Column 5: Disabled/Expired

E indicates an expired key (or an expired and disabled key).

D indicates a disabled key.

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219

- indicates an active key.

 Column 6: ADK

A indicates ADKs present on the key

- indicates an ADK is absent

 Column 7: Delimiter

] is always shown.

Note: To see the value affected by the option --marginal-as-valid, use the

command --list-key-details.

The Key ID Column

Characters 30 through 39 are the key ID column. The header is "Key ID".

For the primary user ID, the key ID column displays:

 The 32-bit hexadecimal key ID with an "0x" prefix and numbers and/or capital

letters. For example: 0xB2726BDF.

For the secondary user IDs, the key ID column is always blank.

For a signature, the key ID column displays:

 For the key ID of the signer, which is always available, the 32-bit hexadecimal

signing key ID with an "0x" prefix and numbers and/or capital letters.

 For an X.509 signature when the signing key is found, the 32-bit hexadecimal

signing key ID with an "0x" prefix and numbers and/or capital letters.

 For an X.509 signature where the signing key is not found, the column is blank.

The User ID Column

Characters 41 through the end of the line are the user ID column. The heading is "User

ID".

For the primary user ID, the user ID column displays the primary user ID. For example:

Alice Cameron <ac@example.com>.

For the secondary user IDs, the user ID column displays the user ID string. For example,

Alice C <alice@example.com>.

For a signature, the user ID column displays:

 For a PGP signature where the signing key has been found:

User ID of the signer.

 For a PGP signature where the signing key has not been found:

Blank if the signer is unknown.

 For an X.509 signature, which is always available:

Long name of the issuer.

220 Lists

Detailed Key List

The --list-key-details command provides detailed information about the

specified key.

If you run --list-key-details with no user or key ID information, all keys on the

keyring are displayed. If you enter user or key ID information, only keys that match

some or all of that information will be displayed.

For example, enter the following command:

pgp --list-key-details "Bob Smith"

PGP Command Line responds with detailed information about Bob’s key. If that key is

not on the local keyring, PGP Command Line responds with "0 keys found".

If the key is found, PGP Command Line responds with something like:

Key Details: Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Key ID: 0x6245273E (0xB9C0F8856245273E)

Type: RSA (v4) key pair

Size: 2048

Validity: Complete

Trust: Implicit (Axiomatic)

Created: 2004-10-27

Expires: Never

Status: Active

Cipher: AES-128

Cipher: AES-192

Cipher: AES-256

Cipher: TripleDES

Hash: SHA-256

Hash: SHA-512

Compress: Zip (Default)

Photo: No

Revocable: Yes

Token: No

Keyserver: None

Default: No

Wrapper: No

Prop Flags: Sign user IDs

Prop Flags: Sign messages

Ksrv Flags: None

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Feat Flags: Modification detection

Notation: 01 preferred-email-encoding@example.com=pgp-mime

Subkey ID: 0x894BA6DC (0xBABBB613894BA6DC)

Type: RSA (v4)

Size: 2048

Created: 2004-10-27

Expires: Never

Status: Active

Revocable: Yes

Prop Flags: Encrypt communications

Prop Flags: Encrypt storage

ADK: 0xF6EFC4D9 (0x90AC8366F6EFC4D9)

User ID: Jose Medina <jmedina@example.com>

Enforced: Yes

Revoker: 0xF6EFC4D9 (0x90AC8366F6EFC4D9)

User ID: Jose Medina <jmedina@example.com>

1 key found

Unlike the basic key list, the detailed key list displays information in rows, not columns.

The detailed key list is divided into four sections: main key details, subkey details, ADK

details, and revoker details.

Main Key Details

Row 1: Primary User ID Name

Name: Key Details

Value: The primary user ID of the key.

Row 2: Key ID

Name: Key ID

Value: The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0x12341234 (0x12341234ABCDABCD)

Key ID hexadecimal letters are always uppercase (except for the x in 0x).

Row 3: Key Type

Name: Type

First value:

 DSA means this is a DSA signing key (with or without subkeys).

 RSA legacy (v1) means this is an RSA v1 key.

 RSA legacy (v2) means this is an RSA v2 key.

 RSA legacy (v3) means this is an RSA v3 key (RSA legacy key).

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 RSA (v4) means this is an RSA v4 key.

 RSA encrypt only means this is an RSA encrypt-only key.

 RSA sign only means this is an RSA sign-only key.

 RSA (version unknown) means this is an RSA key of unknown version.

 Unknown algorithm ID 0xYY means this is an unknown key algorithm (YY is

the algorithm ID in hexadecimal).

Second Value:

 public key means this is a public key.

 key pair means this is a key pair (or private key only).

 split key means this is a split key pair.

The second value string is appended to the first separated by a space.

Row 4: Key Size

Name: Size

Values:

 For keys that have a master key, the size in bits of that key.

 For legacy keys, the size in bits of the key.

There is no length restriction here as there is in basic mode.

Row 5: Validity

Name: Validity

Values:

 Complete means this is a valid key.

 Marginal means this is a marginally valid key.

 Invalid means the key is invalid.

 Unknown means the key has unknown validity.

 Unknown 0xYY means the key has a validity value that is not not handled by

command line (YY is the value in hexadecimal).

Values (effective):

 Complete means this is a valid key.

 Invalid means the key is invalid.

Notes: For marginally valid keys, PGP Command Line displays two validity settings, the

actual and the effective validity.

For example, the Marginal validity in the actual setting will depend on --marginal-

as-valid in its effective setting. In most cases, there will be just one validity shown

(the actual value).

Row 6: Trust

Name: Trust

Values:

 Implicit means this is an implicitly trusted key.

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223

 Complete means this is a completely trusted key.

 Marginal means this is a marginally trusted key.

 Never means this is an untrusted key.

 Undefined means this key has an undefined trust value.

 Unknown means this is a key with an unknown trust value.

 Unknown 0xYY means this is a key with a trust value not handled by command

line (YY is the value in hexadecimal)

Only key pairs can have implicit trust.

The Implicit and Never states will have a suffix if the key is paired, such as:

 (Axiomatic) when the key is axiomatic.

 (Not axiomatic) when the key is not axiomatic.

The normal states are

 Implicit (Axiomatic).

 Never (Not axiomatic).

Other states are possible, but not common: they are caused by errors and can be fixed

by changing the key trust and then changing it back.

Row 7: Creation Date

Name: Created

Value:

 yyyy-mm-dd is the key’s creation date.

Row 8: Expiration Date

Name: Expires

Value:

 never means the key does not expire.

 yyyy-mm-dd is the key’s expiration date.

 unknown means the expiration date of the key is unknown.

Row 9: Status Fields

Name: Status

Values:

 Disabled means this key is disabled.

 Expired means this key is expired.

 Revoked means this key has been revoked.

 Unverified Revocation means this key has been revoked, but the revocation

is unverified.

 Third Party Revocation means the key was revoked by a third party.

 Active means the key has no status. If a key is active, there will be no other

status lines.

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One or more status characteristics can be shown one after the other if they apply.

Revoked and unverified revocation are mutually exclusive.

Row 10: Preferred Cipher

Name: Cipher

The first preferred cipher row is the "preferred cipher."

Values:

 IDEA means IDEA is the preferred cipher for this key.

 TripleDES means 3DES is the preferred cipher for this key.

 CAST5 means CAST5 is the preferred cipher for this key.

 Blowfish means Blowfish is the preferred cipher for this key.

 AES-128 means AES 128 is the preferred cipher for this key.

 AES-192 means AES 192 is the preferred cipher for this key.

 AES-256 means AES 256 is the preferred cipher for this key.

 Twofish-256 means Twofish 256 is the preferred cipher for this key.

 Unknown 0xYY means an unknown cipher (YY is the cipher algorithm ID in

hexadecimal)

If a key has no preferred ciphers the default is used. For keys with versions less than 4

this is IDEA. For all other keys this is CAST5. One or more ciphers can be shown one

after the other if they are set in the list.

Row 11: Preferred Hash

Name: Hash

Values:

 MD5 means MD5 is the hash being used for this key.

 SHA means SHA is the hash being used for this key.

 RIPEMD-160 means RIPEMD 160 is the hash being used for this key.

 SHA-256 means SHA 256 is the hash being used for this key.

 SHA-384 means SHA 384 is the hash being used for this key.

 SHA-512 means SHA 512 is the hash being used for this key.

 Unknown 0xYY is an unknown hash (YY is the hash algorithm ID in hex)

If a key has no preferred hashes, the following default is used:

 MD5 for keys with versions less than 4.

 SHA-1 for all other keys.

In the case where the default is used, PGP Command Line appends the string "(Default)"

to the hash.

One or more hashes can be shown one after the other if set on the list.

Row 12: Preferred Compression Algorithm

Name: Compress

Values:

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225

 Zip means Zip is the preferred compression algorithm.

 Zlib means Zlib is the preferred compression algorithm.

 Bzip2 means Bzip2 is the preferred compression algorithm.

 Unknown. 0xYYis an unknown compression algorithm (YY is the compression

algorithm ID in hexadecimal).

If a key has no preferred compression algorithm, the default is used (Zip is the default

in all cases). In this case, PGP Command Line appends the string (Default) to the

compression algorithm.

One or more compression algorithms can be shown one after the other if they are set in

the list.

Row 13: Photo ID

Name: Photo

Values:

 Yes means one of the user IDs on the key is a photo ID.

 Yes (X) means X number of user IDs on the key are photo IDs.

 No means none of the user IDs on the key is a photo ID.

Row 14: Revocable

Name: Revocable

Values:

 Yes means one of the keys on the keyring can revoke this key.

 No means none of the key on the keyring can revoke this key.

Row 15: Token

Name: Token

Values:

 Yes means part of all of this key is on a token

 No means no part of this key is on a token

Row 16: Preferred Keyserver

Name: Keyserver

Values:

 None means no preferred keyserver is set.

 Keyserver name if there is a preferred keyserver set.

Row 17: Default Key

Name: Default

Values:

 Yes means this is the default key for encrypting and signing.

 No means this is not the default key.

Row 18: X.509 Wrapper Key

Name: Wrapper

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Values:

 Yes if the key was created to contain an imported X.509 certificate.

 No if the key is normal.

Row 19: Key Properties Flags

Name: Prop Flags

Values:

 Sign user IDs when the key can sign other user IDs.

 Sign messages when the key can sign messages.

 Encrypt communications when the key can encrypt communications.

 Encrypt storage when the key can encrypt storage.

 Private split when the private key is split.

 Private shared when the private key is in the possession of a third party

(group bit).

 None when the key has no properties flags set.

 Unknown (0xNNNNNNNN) when one or more unknown key properties flags are

set.

If enabled, one or more properties can be shown one after the other in the following

way:

 Unknown may be shown with other properties or by itself.

 None will only be shown if there are no flags set.

 If Unknown flags are set, they are shown in hexadecimal.

 Any known flags are stripped before PGP Command Line displays the hexadecimal

number.

Row 20: Key Server Preferences Flags

Name: Ksrv Flags

Values:

 No modify when the key should not be modified except by the owner.

 None when the key has no keyserver preferences flags set.

 Unknown (0xNNNNNNNN) when one or more unknown keyserver preferences

flags are set.

If enabled, one or more preferences can be shown one after the other in the following

way:

 Unknown may be shown with other properties or by itself.

 None will only be shown if there are no flags set.

 If unknown flags are set, they are shown in hexadecimal.

 Any known flags are stripped before PGP Command Line displays the hexadecimal

number.

Note that there is currently only one flag.

Row 21: Key Features Flags

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227

Name: Feat Flags

Value:

 Modification detection.

 None when the key has no features flags set.

 Unknown (0xNNNNNNNN) when one or more unknown key features flags are set.

If enabled, one or more features can be shown one after the other in the following way:

 Unknown may be shown with other properties or by itself

 None will only be shown if there are no flags set

 If unknown flags are set, they are shown in hexadecimal

 Any known flags are stripped before PGP Command Line displays the hexadecimal

number

Note that there is currently only one flag.

Row 22: Notation Packets

Name: Notations

Value:

None

ZZ 0xNNNNNNNN <name>=<value>

ZZ 0xNNNNNNNN <name>=<binary data, length <length>>

Notes:

 One of more notations can be shown one after the other if they exist.

 None is displayed if there are no notation packets for the current key.

 ZZ is the index of the notation packet (starting with 01, 02, etc.).

 0xNNNNNNNN is the value of the flags portion of the notation packet.

 <name> and <value> are substituted for the actual data.

 The name is always printable UTF-8.

 If value is not printable then the second value line above is used.

 The value portion of this line is literal except that <length> is substituted.

Subkey Details

The subkey details section has either one or N rows:

Row 1: Subkey ID

Name: Subkey ID

Values:

 N/A indicates the key type does not support subkeys.

 None means the current key does not have any subkeys.

 32-bit and 64-bit subkey IDs in the same format as for main key details.

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If the key type does not support subkeys or there are no subkeys on the current key,

then no additional rows are shown.

Row 2: Type

Name: Type

Values:

 ElGamal means an Elgamal encryption key.

 RSA (v4) means an RSA v4 encryption key.

 Unknown algorithm ID 0xYY means an unknown subkey algorithm ID (YY is

the ID in hexadecimal).

Row 3: Size

Name: Size

Value:

 Subkey size in bits.

There is no length restriction here as there is in the basic key list view.

Row 4: Creation Date

Name: Created

Value:

 Creation date (same format as for main key details).

Row 5: Expiration Date

Name: Expires

Value:

 Expiration date (same format as for main key details).

Row 6: Status Fields

Name: Status

Values:

 Expired means an expired key.

 Revoked means a revoked key.

 Unverified Revocation means an unverified revoked key.

 Active means an active key.

If a subkey has no status, it shows as active. One or more status characteristics can be

shown one after the other, if they apply. Revoked and unverified revocation are

mutually exclusive.

Row 7: Revocable

Name: Revocable

Values:

 Yes if one of the keys on the keyring can revoke this subkey.

 No if none of the key on the keyring can revoke this subkey.

Row 8: Key Properties Flags

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Name: Prop Flags

Values:

 Sign user IDs when the key can sign other user IDs.

 Sign messages when the key can sign messages.

 Encrypt communications when the key can encrypt communications.

 Encrypt storage when the key can encrypt storage.

 Private split when the private key is private split.

 Private shared when the private key is in the possession of a third party

(group bit).

 None when the key has no properties flags set.

 Unknown (0xNNNNNNNN) when one or more unknown key properties flags are

set.

If enabled, one or more properties can be shown one after the other in the following

way:

 Unknown may be shown with other properties or by itself.

 None will only be shown if there are no flags set.

 If unknown flags are set, they are shown in hexadecimal.

 Any known flags are stripped before PGP Command Line displays the hexadecimal

number.

ADK Details

ADK details uses either one or three rows. If there is no ADK on the key, then you see

just one row:

ADK: None.

If there is an ADK on the key, you see three rows:

Row 1: ADK Key ID

Name: ADK

Values:

 32-bit subkey ID.

 64-bit subkey IDs.

Row 2: ADK Primary User ID

Name: User ID

Values:

 Primary User ID of the ADK.

 Blank if the ADK is not found on the local keyring.

Row 3: Enforced

Name: Enforced

Values:

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 Yes if the ADK is set to be enforced.

 No if the ADK is not be enforced.

 Unknown 0xNN if the ADK has some other unknown setting.

Revoker Details

Revoker details uses either one or two rows. If there is no revoker on the key, then you

see just one row:

Revoker: None.

If there is a revoker on the key, you see two rows:

Row 1: Revoker Key ID

Name: Revoker

Values:

 32-bit subkey ID

 64-bit subkey IDs

Row 2: Revoker Primary User ID

Name: User ID

Values:

 Primary User ID of the revoker.

 Blank if the key is not found on the local keyring.

Key List in XML Format

When you choose to list a key in XML format, PGP Command Line will display all

information including all user IDs and signatures. You can also specify a single key to

view in XML format.

To list keys in XML format, you may use either the command --list-keys-xml, or a

key list operation with the added option --xml, such as --list-keys user1 --

xml, or --list-keys --xml.

If no users are specified, the command lists all keys on the local keyring.

Example:

pgp --list-keys-xml "Jose Medina"

Here is a typical key list (for the user Jose Medina) in XML format, with short

explanations in brackets. Elements with several fixed choices are listed after the

example.

<?xml version="1.0"?> (exactly one element)

<keyList> (exactly one element)

<key> (zero or more elements)

<keyID>0xCCFA35EC</keyID>

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231

<validity>complete</validity>

<trust>implicit</trust>

<revoked>false</revoked>

<unverifiedRevocation>false</unverifiedRevocation>

<thirdPartyRevocation>false</thirdPartyRevocation>

<expired>false</expired>

<disabled>false</disabled>

<cipher> (one or more elements)

<default>false</default>

</cipher>

</preferredCipherAlgorithms>

<preferredHashAlgorithms> (one or more elements)

<default>false</default>

</hashAlgorithm>

</preferredHashAlgorithms>

<preferredCompressionAlgorithms> (one or more elements)

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</compressionAlgorithm>

</preferredCompressionAlgorithms>

<token>

<onToken>false</onToken>

</token>

<defaultKey>false</defaultKey>

<X509WrapperKey>false</X509WrapperKey>

<fingerprint>C984E2FB2BAAB8A02F61B8273A76B511CCFA35EC</fingerprint

<encryptCommunications>false</encryptCommunications>

<encryptStorage>false</encryptStorage>

<privateSplit>false</privateSplit>

<privateShared>false</privateShared>

<unknown>0x00000000</unknown> (same rules as --list-key-details)

</keyProperties>

<noModify>false</noModify>

</keyServerPreferences>

<unknown>0x00000000</unknown> (same rules as --list-key-details)

</keyFeatures>

<userID>(one or more elements)

<name>Jose Medina</name>

<commonName>Jose Medina</commonName>

<type>primary</type>

<validity>complete</validity>

<revoked>false</revoked>

<signerKeyID>0xCCFA35EC</signerKeyID>

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<signerName>Jose Medina</signerName>

<signerCommonName>Jose Medina</signerCommonName>

<type>signature</type>

<revoked>false</revoked>

<expired>false</expired>

<corrupt>false</corrupt>

</signature>

</userID>

<subkey> (zero or more elements)

<revoked>false</revoked>

<unverifiedRevocation>false</unverifiedRevocation>

<expired>false</expired>

<signUserIDs>false</signUserIDs>

<signMessages>false</signMessages>

<privateSplit>false</privateSplit>

<privateShared>false</privateShared>

<unknown>0x00000000</unknown> (same rules as --list-key-

details)

</subkeyProperties>

</subkey>

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<adk> (zero or more elements)

<name>Example Corp Additional Decryption Key</name>

<commonName>Example Corp Additional Decryption

Key</commonName>

<class>

<setting>not enforced</setting>

</class>

</adk>

<revoker> (zero or more elements)

<name/>

</revoker>

</key>

</keyList

Elements with fixed settings

Algorithm

Key encryption algorithms appear in the following sections:

<key> section

RSA | DSS

<signature> section

RSA | DSS | X.509

<subkey> section

RSA | Elgamal

For more details about key encryption algorithms refer to --list-key-details.

Type

Key types appear in the following sections:

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235

<key> section

public | split | pair

<userID> section

primary | secondary | photo

<signature> section

signature | trusted-introducer | meta-introducer

For more details about key types refer to --list-key-details.

Validity

Key validity types appear in the following sections:

<key> section

complete | marginal | invalid | unknown

<userID> section

complete | marginal | invalid | unknown

For more details about key validity refer to --list-key-details.

Trust

Key trust types appear as follows:

For more details about key trust refer to --list-key-details.

Hash

Key hash algorithm types appear as follows:

MD5 | SHA | RIPEMD-160 | SHA-256 | SHA-384 | SHA-512 | invalid | unknown

For more details about key hash algorithms refer to --list-key-details.

Cipher

Key cipher algorithm types appear as follows:

<cipher> section

Twofish-256 | unknown

Compression

Key compression algorithm types appear as follows:

<compressionAlgorithm> section

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Zip | ZLIB | BZIP2

For more details about compression algorithms refer to --compression-algorithm.

Setting

Key settings appear as follows:

<class> section (in the <adk> section)

not enforced | enforce | unknown

X.509 Signatures

For X.509 signatures there are additional items under the <signature> heading.

Currently these are:

 x509Name

 x509Issuer

 thisCRL

nextCRL Example:

This is an abbreviated example of an X.509 signature. Note that the signer key ID and

signer name may not be known.

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<key>

...

<type>signature</type>

<revoked>false</revoked>

<expired>false</expired>

<corrupt>false</corrupt>

Lists

Detailed Signature List

237

<x509Name>CN=www.example.com, O=Example.com Inc., L=San

Jose, ST=California, C=US</x509Name>

<x509Issuer>OU=Secure Server Certification Authority,

O="RSA Data Security, Inc.",

C=US</x509Issuer>

</signature>

</userID>

</key>

</keyList>

Detailed Signature List

The --list-sig-details command provides detailed information about the

signatures on the specified key.

When you run --list-sig-details, enter either the key ID or enough of the user ID

so that only one key from the local keyring is specified. If more than one fits the criteria

you enter, an error message will be returned.

For example, enter the following command:

pgp --list-sig-details "Bob Smith"

If the specified key is found, PGP Command Line responds with something like:

Signature Details: Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Signed Key ID: 0x6245273E (0xB9C0F8856245273E)

Signed User ID: Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Signer Key ID: 0x6245273E (0xB9C0F8856245273E)

Signer User ID: Bob Smith <bob@example.com>

Type: RSA signature

Hash: SHA-256

Exportable: Yes

Status: Active

Created: 2006-11-09

Expires: Never

Trust Depth: 0

Domain: None

1 signature found

Like the detailed key list, the detailed signature list displays information in rows.

Row 1: Primary User ID Name of the signed key

238 Lists

Detailed Signature List

Name: Signature Details

Value:

 The primary user ID of the key that contains the signature.

Row 2: Signed Key ID

Name: Signed Key ID

Value:

 The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0x12341234 (0x12341234ABCDABCD)

Key ID hexadecimal letters are always uppercase (except for the x in 0x).

Row 3: Signed User ID

Name: Signed User ID

Value:

 The name of the user ID to which the current signature belongs.

Row 4: Signer Key ID

Name: Signer Key ID

Value:

 PGP Signature (always available):

The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0x12341234 (0x12341234ABCDABCD)

 X.509 Signature (signing key found):

The 32-bit key ID followed by the 64-bit key ID in the format:

0x12341234 (0x12341234ABCDABCD)

 X.509 Signature (signing key not found):

Empty

Key ID hexadecimal letters are always upper case (except for the x in 0x).

Row 5: Signer User ID

Name: Signer User ID

Value:

 PGP Signature (signing key found):

The primary user ID of the signing key

 PGP Signature (signing key not found):

Empty

 X.509 Signature (signing key found):

The primary user ID of the signing key

 X.509 Signature (signing key not found):

Empty

Row 6: Signature type

Lists

Detailed Signature List

239

Name: Type

Value (algorithm ID):

 DSA means a signature by a DH/DSS key.

 RSA means a signature by an RSA key.

 Unknown algorithm ID 0xYY means a signature by an unknown algorithm ID

(YY is the ID in hexadecimal).

Value (signature type):

 signature means a regular signature.

 trusted-introducer signature means a trusted-introducer signature.

 meta-introducer signature means a meta-introducer signature.

Values are added together, with the algorithm ID first and the signature type second,

such as:

 DSA signature.

 RSA trusted-introducer-signature.

Row 7: Hash Algorithm

Name: Hash

Values:

 MD5 means MD5.

 SHA-1 means SHA-1.

 RIPEMD-160 means RIPEMD-160.

 SHA-256 means SHA-256.

 SHA-384 means SHA-384.

 SHA-512 means SHA-512.

 Invalid indicates an invalid hash.

 Unknown 0xYY means unknown hash, where YY is the hash algorithm ID in hex.

Row 8: Exportable Status

Name: Exportable

Values:

 Yes means the signature is marked exportable.

 No means the signature is local to this keyring.

Trusted-introducer signatures are always exportable. Meta-introducer signatures are

always local; that is, they are not exportable.

Row 9: Signature Status

Name: Status

Value:

 Expired means the signature is expired.

 Revoked means the signature is revoked.

240 Lists

Detailed Signature List

 Corrupt means verification of the signature failed for some reason.

 Active means this is a verified good signature.

Row 10: Creation date

Name: Created

Value:

 yyyy-mm-dd is the date the signature was created.

Row 11: Expiration date

Name: Expires

Value:

 yyyy-mm-dd is the expiration date of the signature.

 Never means the signature does not expire.

Row 12: Trust depth

Name: Trust Depth

Value:

 A number, zero or greater.

Regular signatures always have a trust depth of zero.

Row 13: Domain restriction

Name: Domain

Value:

 Regular expression domain restriction for this signature.

Domain restrictions can only be set for trusted-introducer signatures.

Row 14: X509 Long Name

Name: X509 Name

Value:

 X.509 Signature (always available): the DN used for the X.509 certificate.

This row is not displayed for PGP signatures.

Row 15: X509 Issuer

Name: X509 Issuer

Values:

 X.509 Signature (always available): the DN used for the issuer of the X.509

certificate

The row is not displayed for PGP signatures.

Row 16: This CRL

Name: This CRL

Values:

 yyyy-mm-dd. Date of the current CRL.

 N/A. No current CRL.

Lists

Detailed Signature List

241

The row is not displayed for PGP signatures

Row 17: Next CRL

Name: Next CRL

Values:

 yyyy-mm-dd. Date of the next CRL.

 N/A. No next CRL.

The row is not displayed for PGP signatures.

Row 18: Serial Number

Name: Serial Number

Value:

 Serial number bytes converted to a string:

 Each byte is represented by two characters (00-FF).

 One space is added every two bytes.

 One space is added every eight bytes.

 Format: XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY XXYY ...

This section describes some of the ways PGP Command Line can be used in your

organization.

In This Chapter

Secure Off-Site Backup .............................................................................................. 243

PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop..................................................................... 243

Compression Saves Money ........................................................................................ 244

Surpasses Legal Requirements ................................................................................. 245

Secure Off-Site Backup

A data warehouse administrator for Example Corporation creates a nightly hot backup

of a database containing sensitive corporate data so that it can be securely stored off-

site.

The file, ExampleCorpData.db, is encrypted to Example Corporation’s official archival

key, Archival Key, and is then transferred to the secure, off-site backup location. The

file is stored encrypted in the appropriate directory on the archival machine.

After the file is transferred, it must be securely wiped off of the main database server so

that it cannot be retrieved. Example Corporation uses PGP Command Line’s --wipe

command at six passes, three more passes than required by the media sanitization

requirements of the U.S. Department of Defense specification 5220.22-M.

Example Corporation’s use of PGP Command Line to secure its nightly off-site backup

ensures that their sensitive corporate data is protected by proven PGP encryption

technology both while in transit and while stored on the archival machine. Wiping the

original file ensures that the file will not be recoverable from the main database server.

The PGP Command Line solution is:

pgp --encrypt ExampleCorpData.db --recipient "Archival Key"

scp ExampleCorpData.db.pgp archiveuser@172.30.100.90:~/<current

date>/ExampleCorpData.db

pgp --wipe ExampleCorpData.db --wipe-passes 6

PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop

A system administrator with Example Corporation wants to create a script that will

automate the process of creating a PGP cryptographic key for new employees for their

use with PGP Desktop, used by all Example Corporation employees.

A Usage Scenarios

244 Usage Scenarios

Compression Saves Money

The key needs to be a 2048-bit, RSA v4 key that includes the Example Corporation

Additional Decryption Key (ADK) so that the employee’s encrypted email or files can be

decrypted after they leave the company, if they forget their password, or if they cannot

decrypt the message/file themselves.

Each new key must be signed with the company’s employee certification key so that

outside users are assured that messages/files encrypted and/or signed by this key are,

without doubt, from an Example Corporation employee.

To make the process of creating the key as user-friendly as possible, the new employee

should only be required to enter his or her name and passphrase on the internal

corporate Web site; the script should handle the rest.

The use of PGP Command Line to assist with the creation of keys for use with PGP

Desktop leverages the batch processing capabilities of PGP Command Line and the

ease-of-use of PGP Desktop.

The following PGP Command Line commands would be added to the script:

pgp --gen-key $NEWUSER --bits 2048 --key-type rsa --passphrase

"$USER_PASSPHRASE" --adk $EXAMPLECORP_ADK_ID

pgp --sign-key $NEWUSER --user $EXAMPLECORP_CERT_KEY_ID --

passphrase "$EXAMPLECORP_KEY_PASSPHRASE"

The variable names shown are examples.

Compression Saves Money

Example Corporation’s Engineering department performs a weekly download of the

Widget1000 engineering drawings and schematics to the Manufacturing department

located in another state over a leased line. Manufacturing uses the drawings and

schematics to create prototype boards that are sent to the Quality Assurance

department for testing.

The files are copied to a specific directory, which is made into a PGP archive for

transfer to Manufacturing. The files are compressed with BZip2, one of the three

compression formats supported by PGP Command Line (Zip and ZLib are the other two),

which reduces the size of the archive by approximately 80%.

Creating a PGP Archive using PGP Command Line and using BZip2 compression means

gives the Engineering department an easy-to-transfer file that is significantly smaller

than all of the files taken together, and thus saves Example Corporation money by

speeding the transfer over the leased lines.

The PGP Command Line solution is:

1 pgp --set-preferred-compression-algorithms 0x1234ABCD --bzip2

1 --zlib 2

2 pgp --encrypt c:\drawings\ --recipient 0xABCD1234 --archive

--output drawings.pgp

Step 1 sets BZip2 as the preferred compression algorithm for the key that will be used

to encrypt (the default key), Step 2 creates the PGP archive.

Usage Scenarios

Surpasses Legal Requirements

245

Surpasses Legal Requirements

Acme Corporation’s Human Resources (HR) department uses PGP Command Line to

encrypt and sign employee records that it sends over the Internet, an insecure medium,

to its benefits partners.

Because information in these records includes medical information about employees,

it’s important to Acme Corporation that they remain fully protected while in transit.

Using strong PGP encryption also ensures that Acme Corporation is in compliance with

the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which was passed by

the U.S. Congress in 1996 and is required by the Department of Health and Human

Services to, among other things, implement security standards to protect the

confidentiality and integrity of all "individually identifiable health information."

Prior to any employee records being sent over the Internet, the data is encrypted to the

public key of the benefits partner it is being sent to, then the data is transferred to the

partner. The benefits partner reverses the process on their end, decrypting the

employee data with their private key and routing it to the appropriate personnel.

Using PGP Command Line to encrypt their employee data protects it during transfer

over the Internet and ensures compliance with HIPAA.

The PGP Command Line solution is:

pgp -es employee42.doc -r 0xABCD1234 --signer "Alice Cameron"

--passphrase "A1ice*Camer0n"

This section describes how to search for data on a PGP KMS from the command line.

In This Chapter

Overview .......................................................................................................................247

Example Searches........................................................................................................250

More About Types .......................................................................................................251

Overview

With search filters, you can search for data on a PGP KMS. You can operate on the

returned data.

Commands that include search filters have the form:

pgp --search-WHAT "OPERATOR(TYPE, FOR_WHAT)" --usp-server

universal.example.com AUTHENTICATION

On Linux or Mac OSX, they can also have this form:

pgp --search-WHAT 'OPERATOR(TYPE, FOR_WHAT)' --usp-server

universal.example.com AUTHENTICATION

The following key explains the terms used in the command forms:

 WHAT is the type of object to search for, for example mak, csr, or consumer.

 OPERATOR specifies the comparison rules, for example EQ or CI.

 TYPE specifies the type of data, for example UUID, NAME, or TIME.

 FOR_WHAT specifies what to search for.

 AUTHENTICATION authenticates the requester, for example --auth-username and

--authpassphrase.

Search filters for QUOTED_STRING data types may require escaping. If

OPERATOR(TYPE, FOR_WHAT)is enclosed in double quotes, then escape the double

quotes enclosing FOR_WHAT with backslashes:

pgp --search-WHAT "OPERATOR(TYPE, \"mySearchString\")" --usp-

server universal.example.com AUTHENTICATION

Linux and Mac OSX search filters for QUOTED_STRING data types can use single

quotes around OPERATOR(TYPE, FOR_WHAT). For such expression, escape characters

are not used on the FOR_WHAT string.

See the commands that begin with --search in Working with a PGP Key Management

Server.

B Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

248 Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

Overview

Operators

Operators specify the logical conditions that the search filter satisfies:

 EQ: Means equal to.

 LT: Means less than.

 GT: Means greater than.

 LE: Means less than or equal to.

 GE: Means grater than or equal to.

 CI: Means case insensitive equal to.

 RE: Means regular expression.

Conjunctions allow logical ANDs and ORs to be used:

 AND: Combines two or more filters using logical AND.

 OR: Combines two or more filters using logical OR.

You can also negate a filter using NOT:

 NOT: Negates a filter or set of filters.

Types

Types that can be used in search filters are:

 QUOTED_STRING: A valid UTF-8 string surrounded by double quotes.

 INTEGER: An integer (either positive or negative).

 TIME: A time/date value.

 BOOLEAN: A boolean value.

 ENUM_ALGORITHM: One of the OpenPGP key algorithm types.

 ENUM_USAGE: One of the OpenPGP key usage flags.

 ENUM_KEY_MODE: One of the PGP KMS MAK key modes.

Keyword Listing

The following table lists each keyword, the type of keyword, a description of the

keyword, and the type of object on which the keyword can operate.

Keyword Type Description

UUID QUOTED_STRING Object UUID

PARENT_MAK_UUID QUOTED_STRING UUID of parent MAK

PARENT_MEK_SERIES_UUID QUOTED_STRING UUID of parent MEK Series

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

Overview

249

NAME QUOTED_STRING Object name

USER_ID QUOTED_STRING MAK user ID

CERT_ISSUER QUOTED_STRING Certificate issuer

CERT_SERIAL QUOTED_STRING Certificate serial number

CERT_SUBJECT QUOTED_STRING Certificate subject

KEY_SIZE INTEGER MAK key size (topkey)

SUBKEY_SIZE INTEGER MAK key size (subkey)

KEY_CREATION TIME MAK creation time (topkey)

KEY_EXPIRATION TIME MAK expiration time (topkey)

SUBKEY_CREATION TIME MAK creation time (subkey)

SUBKEY_EXPIRATION TIME MAK expiration time (subkey)

CERT_CREATION TIME Certificate creation time

CERT_EXPIRATION TIME Certificate expiration time

END_OF_LIFE_TIME TIME Object end of life time

IS_ORG_KEY BOOLEAN Is organization key

IS_POLICY_ADK BOOLEAN Is policy ADK key

KEY_EXPIRED BOOLEAN Is key expired

KEY_REVOKED BOOLEAN Is key revoked

KEY_HAS_REVOKER BOOLEAN Key has a revoker

KEY_HAS_ADK BOOLEAN Key has an ADK

KEY_HAS_KRB BOOLEAN Key has a key reconstruction block

KEY_HAS_CERT BOOLEAN Key has a certificate

KEY_HAS_PENDING_CERT_REQUEST BOOLEAN Key has a pending certificate request

SUBKEY_EXPIRED BOOLEAN Subkey is expired

SUBKEY_REVOKED BOOLEAN Subkey is revoked

CERT_EXPIRED BOOLEAN Certificate is expired

IS_END_OF_LIFE BOOLEAN Object has reached end of life

KEY_ALGORITHM ENUM_ALGORITHM MAK algorithm (topkey)

SUBKEY_ALGORITHM ENUM_ALGORITHM MAK algorithm (subkey)

KEY_USAGE ENUM_USAGE MAK usage (topkey)

SUBKEY_USAGE ENUM_USAGE MAK usage (subkey)

KEY_MODE ENUM_KEY_MODE MAK mode

KEY_ID KEYID MAK keyid (topkey)

KEY_IS_REVOKED_BY KEYID Key is revoked by a specific key

250 Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

Example Searches

KEY_HAS_REVOKER_KEY_ID KEYID Key has a specific revoker

KEY_HAS_ADK_KEY_ID KEYID Key has a specific ADK

KEY_IS_SIGNED_BY KEYID Key is signed by a specific key

SUBKEY_ID KEYID MAK keyid (subkey)

SUBKEY_IS_REVOKED_BY KEYID Subkey is revoked by a specific key

QUOTED_STRING QUOTED_STRING Attribute value pair

The last item in the table, QUOTED_STRING, is not an actual keyword. Instead, when used as a keyword, it indicates that an

attribute name is to be matched. In this case, the type is the value to be used for comparison.

Example Searches

Following are some example searches. The text shown would be entered on the

command line as the search string.

For Linux and Mac OSX

To match an object by UUID:

 pgp --search-mak 'EQ(UUID, "9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd")' --usp-

server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object by name:

 pgp --search-mak 'CI(NAME, "Test MAK")' --usp-server universal.example.com --

auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object by attribute value:

 pgp --search-consumer 'EQ("Nickname", "Hobbit")' --usp-server

universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object using a conjunction:

 pgp --search-mak 'AND(CI(NAME, "Test MAK"),LT(KEY_CREATION,2008-01-

01T00:00:00Z))' --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --

auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99"

For Windows

These examples can also be used Linux and Mac OSX systems.

To match an object by UUID:

 pgp --search-mak "EQ(UUID, \"9ac0e652-5690-474c-ad34-898169346bcd\")" --

usp-server universal.example.com--auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object by name:

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

More About Types

251

 pgp --search-mak "CI(NAME, \"Test MAK\")" --usp-server universal.example.com -

-auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object by attribute value:

 pgp --search-consumer "EQ(\"Nickname\", \"Hobbit\")" --usp-server

universal.example.com --auth-username acameron --auth-passphrase

"bilbo42_baggins99"

To match an object using a conjunction:

 pgp --search-mak "AND(CI(NAME, \"Test MAK\"),LT(KEY_CREATION,2008-01-

01T00:00:00Z))" --usp-server universal.example.com --auth-username acameron -

-auth-passphrase "bilbo42_baggins99"

More About Types

Some types require special formatting beyond what is shown in the Keyword Listing.

Time Fields

Time fields represent the date and time, per RFC-8601. You must specify time using

UTC ().

The format of the date/time string is:

YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ

Where:

 YYYY is the year, in four digits.

 MM is the month, in two digits (with leading zero where necessary).

 DD is the day, in two digits (with leading zero where necessary).

 T indicates that a specific time follows.

 HH is the hour, in two digits (with leading zero where necessary).

 MM is minutes, in two digits (with leading zero where necessary).

 SS is seconds, in two digits (with leading zero where necessary).

 Z indicates a time zone.

Boolean Values

Boolean values are defined with simple strings.

The only two allowed Boolean values are:

 True means true.

 False means false.

252 Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

More About Types

Open PGP Algorithms

Open PGP algorithms are represented with common string abbreviations.

Allowed values are:

 RSA is the RSA algorithm.

 DSA is the digital signature algorithm (used with DH/DSS keys).

 DH is the Diffie-Hellman algorithm (used with DH/DSS keys).

Open PGP Key Usage Flags

Open PGP key usage flags are specified by the names of the flags.

Allowed values are:

 ENCRYPT for encrypt storage and communications.

 ENCRYPT_STORAGE for encrypt storage only.

 ENCRYPT_COMMUNICATIONS for encrypt communications only.

 SIGN for sign messages and user IDs.

 SIGN_MESSAGES for sign messages only.

 SIGN_USER_IDS for sign user IDs only.

 ENCRYPT_AND_SIGN for all encrypt and sign modes.

 PRIVATE_SHARED for a private key that is shared.

 PRIVATE_SPLIT for a private key that has been split.

 PRODUCT_NETSHARE for a PGP NetShare product.

 PRODUCT_WDE for a PGP WDE product.

 PRODUCT_ZIP for a PGP Zip product.

 PRODUCT_MESSAGING for a PGP Messaging product.

 PRODUCT_ALL for all products defined.

 PRODUCT_NONE for no products defined.

Key Modes

Key modes are defined by their abbreviations.

Allowed values are:

 SKM is server key mode. The PGP KMS server performs all cryptography on its

host computer. Additionally, it manages the private key.

 CKM is client key mode. PGP Command Line performs all cryptography on its host

computer. Additionally the private key resides on the host comptuer.

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS

More About Types

253

 GKM is guarded key mode. The client computer handles all cryptography. An

encrypted copy of the private key is stored on the PGP KMS server. The key is

encrypted to the user’s passphrase.

 SCKM is server/client key mode. The PGP KMS server performs all cryptography

on its host computer. Additionally, an unencrypted copy of the encryption subkey

is stored on the PGP KMS server, while the signing subkey is held only on the

computer on hosting PGP KMS server. All other keys reside on the client

computer.

This section provides information on how to use PGP Command Line to create a

Certificate Signing Request (CSR).

In This Chapter

About CSRs ...................................................................................................................255

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line ..............................................................256

About CSRs

A CSR is a request sent to a Certificate Authority (CA) from a user or device asking for a

digital certificate to be issued to them. A CSR includes three things:

 The name of the entity (user or device) for which the certificate is being requested,

called the distinguished name.

 The public key portion of a keypair (the private key portion is always kept private).

 Other information the user or device wants to be included in the certificate, called

attributes.

The CA examines the information in the CSR and, if it can verify the information, it

issues the certificate, thus binding the identify information to the public key (that is,

the CA is saying that it verifies that the specified public key belongs to the specified

identity). The certificate is returned to the user or device the requested it; it is used to

verify to third parties that the public key specified in the certificate belongs to the

identity specified in the certificate.

PGP Command Line lets you create a PKCS#10-compliant CSR that can be sent to a PGP

Key Management Server or to any CA that accepts PKCS#10-compliant CSRs.

CSRs created by PGP Command Line can be sent directly to a PGP Key Management

Server (by specifying the server using --usp-server), to a PKCS#10 file (by specifying

the filename using --output), or to stdout.

Attributes that were supported in PGP Command Line Version 10.1 and previous were:

 City

 Common name

 Contact email address

 Country

 Organization

 Organizational Unit

State Attributes added in PGP Command Line Version 10.2:

C Creating a Certificate Signing Request

256 Creating a Certificate Signing Request

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line

 Subject alternative name. Email, DNS, directory (binary DER of name), URI

(string), IP address, registered ID (as dotted OID), other (binary DER of

OtherName), or unrecognized.

 Key usage. Digital-signature, non-repudiation, key-encipherment, data-

encipherment, key-agreement, key-cert-sign, crl-sign, encipher-only, decipher-

only.

 Extended key usage. Explicit object identifier has to be given.

 Basic constraint. CA or path length (pathlen).

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line

Use the --export command to create a CSR.

The usage format is:

pgp --export <publickey> --export-format csr --passphrase

<passphrase> --city <city> --common-name <commonname> --

contact-email <emailaddr> --country <countrycode> --

organization <org> --organizational-unit (orgdept> --state

<state> --subject-alternative-name <subaltname> --key-usage

<keyusage> --extended-key-usage <exkeyusage> --basic-

constraint <basiccon>

Where:

 --export is the command to export an object.

<publickey> specifies a public key to be exported.

 --export-format specifies the format of the public key being exported.

<csr> specifies that a CSR is being created.

 --passphrase is the command to a passphrase; in the case of a CSR, this is

the passphrase to the private key of the public key specified in --export. It

will be used to sign the CSR before it is sent to the CA.

<passphrase> is the passphrase to the private key of the public key being

exported.

 --city is the command to specify the city where your organization is

located.

<city> specifies the city.

 --common-name is the command to specify the name of the item for which

the CSR is being requested. This could be a device, an individual, or a

website, for example.

<commonname> is the name of the item.

 --contact-email is the command to specify a contact email address.

<emailaddr> is the email address.

 --country is the command to specify the country your organization is in.

<countrycode> is the two-digit ISO country code.

Creating a Certificate Signing Request

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line

257

 --organization is the command to specify the name of your

organization.

<org> is the name of your organization.

 --organizational-unit is the command to specify a part of your

organization; a department name, for example.

<orgdept> is the part of your organization.

 --state is the command to specify the state or locality where your

organization is located.

<state> is the state or locality. Do not abbreviate.

 --subject-alternative-name is the command to specify an alternative

name for the subject in the certificate request.

<subaltname> is the alternative name.

 --key-usage is the command to specify what the key on the certificate can

be used for.

<keyusage> is one of the supported key usages.

 --extended-key-usage is the command to specify an extended key usage

option.

<exkeyusage> is the explicit object identifier of the extended key usage

option.

 --basic-constraint is the command to specify that the certificate being

requested can only be used in certain ways.

<basiccon> is the supported basic constraint and an appropriate value.

ca=true or pathlen=2, for example.

Examples:

pgp --export jmedina --export-format csr --passphrase

"med886#fortyniner*" --common-name "*.example.com" --

organization "Example Corporation" --organizational-unit

"Engineering" --city "Palo Alto" --state "CA" --country "US" -

-contact-email "jmedina@example.com" --output "example.csr"

In this example, Jose Medina of Example Corp. is creating a CSR to bind his key to

his organization's web servers using just the required attributes. The CSR is being

output to a file named example.csr.

pgp --export jmedina --export-format csr --passphrase

"med886#fortyniner*" --common-name "*.example.com" --

organization "Example Corporation" --organizational-unit

"Engineering" --city "Palo Alto" --state "CA" --country "US" -

-contact-email "jmedina@example.com" --subject-alternative-name

"webserver.example.com" --subject-alternative-name

"192.168.44.112" --key-usage "key-encipherment" --key-usage

"digital-signature" --extended-key-usage "1.2.3.4" --extended-

key-usage "4.3.2.1" --basic-constraint ca=true --basic-

constraint pathlen=1 --usp-server "keys.example.com"

In this example, Jose Medina of Example Corp. is creating a CSR to bind his key to

his organization's web server using the required attributes and some additional

attributes. The CSR is being sent directly to his organization's PGP KMS,

keys.example.com.

258 Creating a Certificate Signing Request

Creating a CSR using PGP Command Line

This section lists and describes the numeric codes and descriptive messages generated

by PGP Command Line.

A code of 0 (zero) means the operation was concluded successfully. The accompanying

message provides additional information.

A numeric code other than zero means the operation did not conclude successfully. The

accompanying message provides additional information.

Note: Some non-zero status codes are informational and do not indicate an error

condition. Exit codes always indicate an error.

Status messages use the form:

<source>,<operation> (<code>,<description>)

For example, in the case of a file that is not found:

file.txt,encrypt (3001,input file not found)

In This Chapter

Messages Without Codes ........................................................................................... 259

Messages With Codes ................................................................................................. 260

Exit Codes..................................................................................................................... 280

Messages Without Codes

Message Description

unknown An unknown error occurred.

unknown description An error with an unknown description occurred.

unknown err [number] An error with an unknown error number occurred.

unknown time zone PGP Command Line is unable to determine the current

time zone.

PGP SDK running in local mode. The PGP SDK is running in Local Mode.

PGP SDK running in forced local mode. The PGP SDK is running in Forced Local Mode.

PGP SDK running in FIPS mode. The PGP SDK is running in FIPS Mode.

FIPS mode initialization failed. FIPS Mode failed to initialize.

Unable to determine current time zone. PGP Command Line was unable to determine the current

time zone from the host computer.

D Codes and Messages

260 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Message Description

unknown An unknown error occurred.

operation cancelled The operation was cancelled.

no application data directory found PGP Command Line was unable to locate its application

data directory.

no personal documents directory found PGP Command Line was unable to locate its personal

documents directory.

Messages With Codes

Parser

Code Message Description

9000 invalid flag "flag" An invalid flag was used.

9001 no match for enum argument

"argument"

There was no match for the listed enumeration

argument.

9002 invalid primary operation The primary operation is invalid.

9003 you cannot specify multiple

operations

Multiple operations cannot be specified.

9004 preferred cipher list contains

gaps or duplicates

The list of preferred ciphers includes gaps or

duplicate ciphers.

9005 Blowfish cipher has been

deprecated

The Blowfish cipher has been deprecated; you cannot

select. If a key already uses it, however, PGP

Command Line will work with it.

9006 no preferred ciphers specified No preferred ciphers have been specified.

9007 preferred cipher list contains

overlaps

The list of preferred ciphers has overlaps.

9008 no preferred cipher specified A preferred cipher was not specified.

9009 invalid cipher options specified Invalid cipher options were specified.

9010 unable remove the only

preferred cipher

PGP Command Line is unable to remove the only

preferred cipher.

9011 preferred compression list

contains overlaps

The list of preferred compression algorithms has

overlaps.

9012 preferred compression list

contains gaps or duplicates

The list of preferred compression algorithms has

gaps or overlaps.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

261

Code Message Description

9013 no preferred compression

algorithms specified

No preferred compression algorithms have been

specified.

9014 no preferred compression

algorithm specified

A preferred compression algorithm was not

specified.

9015 invalid compression algorithm

options specified

An invalid compression algorithm option was

specified.

9016 unable remove the only

preferred compression algorithm

PGP Command Line is unable to remove the only

preferred compression algorithm.

9017 invalid file descriptor An invalid file descriptor was used.

9018 missing argument for option

"option"

An argument is missing for the specified option.

Keyrings

Code Message Description

1001 could not open keyrings, file not

found

PGP Command Line could not open the keyring file

because it was not found.

1002 could not open keyrings, file

locked

PGP Command Line could not open the keyring file

because it is locked.

1003 default key does not exist The default key does not exist.

1004 too many matches for default

key

There were too many matches for the default key.

1005 invalid default key specified An invalid default key was specified.

1006 public keyring An informational message that displays the location

of the public keyring file. Displays in verbose mode

only.

1007 private keyring An informational message that displays the location

of the private keyring file. Displays in verbose mode

only.

1008 keyring already exists The keyring already exists.

1009 unable to open prefs file PGP Command Line cannot open the preferences file.

262 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Wipe

Code Message Description

0 file wiped successfully The file was successfully wiped.

0 file removed successfully The file was successfully removed.

0 directory removed successfully The directory was successfully removed.

0 symbolic link removed

successfully

The symbolic link was successfully removed.

0 directory wiped successfully The directory was successfully wiped.

0 symbolic link wiped successfully The symbolic link was wiped successfully.

1010 invalid number of wipe passes

specified

An invalid number of wipe passes was specified.

1011 invalid file permissions The wipe failed because of invalid file permissions.

1013 wipe failed The wipe failed.

1014 file locked The wipe failed because the file was locked.

Encrypt

Code Message Description

1030 key added to recipient list The key was added to the recipient list.

1031 default key not suitable for

encryption

The default key is not suitable for encryption.

1032 text mode is not applicable in

archive mode

Text mode is not applicable in PGP Archive mode.

Sign

Code Message Description

1050 key added as signer The key was added as a signer.

1051 default key added as signer The default key was added as a signer.

1052 no signing key specified No signing key was specified.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

263

Code Message Description

1053 signing key not found The signing key was not found.

1054 too many matches for signing

key

There were too many matches to the signing key.

1055 SDA is not applicable when

signing

A self-decrypting archive (SDA) is not applicable

when signing.

Decrypt

Code Message Description

0 SDA decoded successfully The SDA was successfully decoded.

0 packet dump complete The packet dump is complete.

1080 no private key could be found for

decryption

No private key could be found to use for decryption.

1081 detached signature not found The detached signature was not found.

1082 detached signature target file Displays the file PGP Command Line believes is the

target file when verifying or decrypting a detached

signature.

1083 pass through is not applicable

for archive data

Passthrough is not applicable for archive data.

1084 signature date precedes key

creation date

The signature date precedes the key creation date.

1085 invalid SDA The SDA you are trying to decrypt is invalid.

1086 only one passphrase allowed You can only enter one passphrase when decrypting.

1087 SDA is not encrypted to any

ADKs

The SDA is not encrypted to the ADK you specified.

1088 PGP self-decrypting archive The file you are trying to decrypt is a PGP SDA.

Speed Test

Code Message Description

0 speed test successful The speed test was successful.

264 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Key edit

Code Message Description

0 key imported as The key was imported as specified.

0 X.509 certificate imported to The X.509 certificate was imported as specified.

0 key exported to The key was exported as specified.

0 key successfully generated The key was generated.

0 subkey successfully generated The subkey was generated.

0 key successfully removed The key was removed.

0 key successfully revoked The key was s revoked.

0 subkey successfully removed The subkey was removed.

0 subkey successfully revoked The subkey was revoked.

0 certified user ID The user ID was certified.

0 removed signature by user The signature of the specified user was removed.

0 revoked signature by user The signature of the specified user was revoked.

0 trust set successfully Trust was successfully set.

0 key successfully enabled The key was enabled.

0 key successfully disabled The key was disabled.

0 user ID added successfully The user ID was added.

0 successfully removed The specified item was removed.

0 photo ID added successfully The photo ID was added.

0 successfully removed photo ID The photo ID was removed.

0 photo ID exported to The photo ID was exported as specified.

0 new primary user ID The specified user ID is now primary.

0 revokers successfully updated Revokers were updated.

0 ADKs successfully updated ADKs were updated.

0 verify complete The verify is complete.

0 expiration date successfully

updated

Expiration date was updated.

0 key passphrase changed The key passphrase was changed.

0 subkey passphrase changed The subkey passphrase was changed.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

265

Code Message Description

0 key passphrase cached The key passphrase was cached.

0 preferred keyserver updated The preferred keyserver was updated.

0 preferred keyserver removed The preferred keyserver was removed.

0 preferred ciphers updated The preferred ciphers were updated.

0 preferred compression

algorithms updated

The preferred compression algorithms were

updated.

0 key split successfully The key was split.

0 key joined successfully The key was joined.

0 new primary user ID numbers New primary user ID numbers have been created.

0 flags updated successfully Flags were successfully updated.

0 shares successfully sent Shares were successfully sent.

0 preferred hashes updated Preferred hashes were successfully updated.

0 notation packet removed A notation packet was removed.

0 removed notation packets Multiple notation packets were removed.

0 notation packet added A notation packet was added.

0 notation packet updated A notation packet was updated.

0 preferred email encodings

updated

Preferred email encodings were updated.

2000 editing key Displays the key found for the edit operation.

Displays in verbose mode only.

2001 you must specify a key to edit A key to edit must be specified.

2002 key to edit not found The key to edit was not found.

2003 too many matches for key to edit There were too many matches for the key to edit.

2004 filter didn’t match any keys The filter didn’t match any keys.

2005 cannot edit key The key cannot be edited.

2020 key already enabled The key is already enabled.

2021 key already disabled The key is already disabled.

2022 unable to remove the last user ID PGP Command Line is unable to remove the last user

ID.

2023 cannot set trust on invalid key PGP Command Line cannot set trust on an invalid

key.

2024 key pair trust setting can only be

never or implicit

The trust setting on the key pair can only be Never

or Implicit.

266 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

2025 public key trust setting cannot

be implicit

The trust setting on a public key cannot be Implicit.

2026 no revoker specified No revoker was specified.

2027 revoker not found No revoker was found.

2028 too many revokers found Too many revokers were found.

2029 revoker found Displays the revoker found when adding a revoker to

a key. Displays in verbose mode only.

2030 no ADK specified No ADK (additional decryption key) was specified.

2031 ADK not found The specified ADK was not found.

2032 too many ADKs found Too many ADKs were found.

2033 ADK found Displays the ADK found when adding an ADK to a

key. Displays in verbose mode only.

2034 preferred keyserver not specified A preferred keyserver was not specified.

2035 invalid preferred keyserver There is a formatting error on the preferred

keyserver.

2036 certification exists for user ID Certification exists for the specified user ID.

2037 unwilling to remove key pair The key pair was not removed. Use --remove-key-

pair to remove a key pair.

2038 no private key found to remove A request was made to remove a key pair, but a

public key was specified.

2039 no private key found to export No private key was found to export.

2040 cannot revoke key, no private

key present

No private key is present, so the key cannot be

revoked.

2041 cannot remove a self signature The self-signature cannot be removed.

2042 cannot remove photo ID A photo ID cannot be removed with --remove-userid.

Use --remove-photoid.

2043 creation cannot be specified When trying to specify an expiration date, a creation

date was also specified.

2044 expiration in date format is

required

An expiration date in date format is required.

2045 trust not specified Trust was not specified.

2046 photo ID too large The photo ID is too large.

2047 photo ID format invalid The format of the photo ID is invalid.

2048 too many photo IDs Too many photo IDs specified.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

267

Code Message Description

2049 too many keys found Too many keys were found.

2050 passphrase cache disabled The passphrase cache is disabled.

2051 revoker already present The specified revoker is already present on the key,

and thus cannot be added.

2052 ADK already present The ADK is already present on the key, and thus

cannot be added.

2053 unable to set export passphrase PGP Command Line is unable to set an export

passphrase.

2054 too many matches for X.509

certificate

There are too many matches for the X.509

certificate.

2055 X.509 certificate not found The X.509 certificate was not found.

2056 one or more attribute value pairs

are required

One or more attribute value paris are required.

2057 only one X.509 certificate can be

imported at a time

Only one X.509 certificate can be imported at one

time.

2058 key does not match X.509

certificate

The key does not match the X.509 certificate.

2059 error decoding X.509 certificate An error occurred during decoding of the X.509

certificate.

2060 no shares specified No shares were specified.

2061 invalid share One of the specified shares is invalid.

2062 threshold must be between 1 and

the total number of shares

inclusive

The threshold setting must be between 1 and the

total number of shares being created.

2063 there must be at least 2

recipients

There must be at least the specified number of

recipients when splitting a key.

2064 split key cannot be a share

recipient

The key being split cannot be its own recipient.

2065 share file Displays the share file name for every recipient of a

share when the key is split. Informational.

2066 there can only be X recipients There can only be the specified number of recipients.

2067 there can only be 255 total

There can be only be 255 total shares when splitting

a key.

2068 this key is already a share

recipient

The specified key is already a share recipient.

2069 this user is already a share

recipient

The specified user is already a share recipient.

268 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

2070 could not open share file PGP Command Line could not open the share file.

2071 share file key ID does not match

split key

The key ID of the share file does not match that of

the split key.

2072 share file threshold does not

match split key

The threshold of the share file does not match that

of the split key.

2073 share file owner not found The key the share file is encrypted to was not found.

This error cannot happen to conventionally

encrypted shares.

2074 not enough shares collected for

split key

Not enough shares were collected to reconstitute the

split key.

2075 invalid passphrase for user X Y An invalid passphrase was entered for the specified

share file.

2076 invalid passphrase for X An invalid passphrase was entered for a

conventionally encrypted share file.

2077 duplicate shares detected Duplicate share files were detected on key join.

2078 non-standard user ID A non-standard user ID was detected. User IDs not in

the form “common name

<contact>” generate a warning.

2079 the primary user ID cannot be a

photo ID

You cannot specify a photo ID as the primary user ID

for a key.

2080 unknown input format PGP Command Line encountered unknown input

format

2081 no key flag specified No key flag was specified.

2082 subkeys do not support

keyserver preferences

Subkeys do not support keyserver preferences.

2083 subkeys do not support feature

flags

Subkeys do not support feature flags.

2084 only one share can be sent at a

time

You can only send one share at a time.

2085 connected to share server You are connect to a share server.

2086 invalid SKEP timeout PGP Command Line encountered an invalid SKEP

timeout.

2087 network share key ID does not

match split key

The network share key ID does not match that of the

split key.

2088 network share threshold does

not match split key

The network share threshold does not match that of

the split key.

2089 timeout waiting for network

A timeout was exceeded waiting for network shares.

2090 no share server specified No share server was specified.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

269

Code Message Description

2091 connected to share client You are connected to a share client.

2092 SKEP authenticated with user x SKEP authenticated with the specified user.

2093 shares received, x The specified number of shares were received.

2094 this key has NOT been

permanently revoked

The specified key has not been permanently revoked.

2095 non-standard user ID PGP Command Line encountered a non-standard

user ID.

2096 the MDC flag cannot be cleared PGP Command Line cannot clear an MDC flag.

Keyserver

Code Message Description

0 key imported as X The key was imported as specified.

0 key uploaded to X The key was uploaded to the specified keyserver .

0 key removed from X The key was removed from the specified keyserver.

0 key disabled on X The key was disabled on the specified keyserver.

2500 no keyserver specified No keyserver was specified.

2501 invalid keyserver specified An error was detected on the specified keyserver.

2502 keyserver operation timed out The keyserver operation timed out.

2503 invalid keyserver timeout value An invalid keyserver timeout value was encountered.

2504 successful search Displays the keyserver that matched the search.

Informational.

2505 keyserver error: X The specified keyserver error was encountered.

2506 skipping invalid preferred

keyserver

The preferred keyserver is invalid, so it was skipped.

2507 key not found on any keyserver The specified key was not found on any keyserver.

2508 too many matches found The search timed out while still receiving results

from the keyserver.

270 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

2509 keyserver error Lists the keyserver that caused the error.

2510 unsuccessful search The search was unsuccessful; no keys matched the

search criteria.

Key Reconstruction

Code Message Description

0 reconstruction data sent

successfully

The key reconstruction data was sent successfully.

0 reconstruction questions

received successfully

The key reconstruction questions were received

successfully.

0 key reconstructed successfully The key was reconstructed.

2600 no reconstruction server found

for this key

There is no reconstruction server associated with the

specified key.

2601 reconstruction server on port x There is no reconstruction server on the specified

port.

2602 five questions must be specified

for key reconstruction

You must specify five questions to set up key

reconstruction.

2603 empty reconstruction question Not all key reconstruction questions were submitted.

2604 five answers must be specified

for key reconstruction

Not all key reconstruction answers were submitted.

2605 empty reconstruction answer A key reconstruction answer held no data.

2606 reconstruction question too long A key reconstruction question was too long.

2607 reconstruction answer too long A key reconstruction answer was too long.

2608 reconstruction server name too

long

The key reconstruction server name was too long.

2609 invalid reconstruction server An invalid reconstruction server was specified.

2610 key reconstruction data not

found on server

No key reconstruction data was found on the

specified server.

2611 key reconstruction answers are

not valid with this key

The specified key reconstruction answers aren’t

valid for the specified key.

2612 invalid key reconstruction data The submitted key reconstruction data is invalid.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

271

Licensing

Code Message Description

0 license authorized Your PGP Command Line license has been

authorized.

0 license recovery email requested A PGP Command Line license recovery email was

requested.

2700 no license name specified No Name was specified in the license request.

2701 no license email address

specified

No Email Address was specified in the license

request.

2702 no license organization specified No Organization was specified in the license request.

2703 no license number specified No license number was specified in the license

request.

2704 invalid license number An invalid license number was submitted.

2705 this license is for a different PGP

product

The submitted license is for a different product line

from PGP Corporation.

2706 PGP Command Line already has

a license

This copy of PGP Command Line is already licensed.

2707 invalid license authorization An invalid license authorization was submitted.

2708 the current license is expired -

please contact support

Your PGP Command Line license has expired; please

contact PGP Corporation.

2709 license authorization failed The license authorization failed. Try again later.

2710 days left in current license, x The specified number of days are left on the current

license.

2711 could not store license

information

PGP Command Line could not store the license

information.

2712 invalid license The PGP Command Line license is invalid.

2713 no license has been entered No license was entered.

2714 encrypt / sign not allowed with

this license

Encrypting and signing are not supported by your

current license.

2715 decrypt / verify not allowed with

this license

Decrypting and verifying are not supported by your

current license.

2716 number of CPUs not allowed

with the current license

The number of CPUs on the computer hosting PGP

Command Line is not supported by the current

license.

272 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

PGP Universal Server

Code Message Description

2800 could not connect to server PGP Command Line could not connect to the

specified PGP Universal Server.

2801 server authentication failed PGP Command Line could not authenticate to the

specified PGP Universal Server.

2802 server responded with request

failed

The specified PGP Universal Server responded that

the request failed.

General

Code Message Description

0 output file X The specified file was output.

0 output symbolic link X The specified symbolic link was output.

0 output of archive files successful The archive files were output.

0 file created successfully The file was created.

0 directory created successfully The directory was created.

0 cache purge successful The cache was purged/

0 created symbolic link to X A symbolic link to the specified item was created.

3000 no input file specified No input file was specified.

3001 input file not found The input file was not found.

3002 invalid argument for wipe input

passes

PGP Command Line encountered an invalid

argument for wipe input passes.

3003 invalid argument for wipe temp

passes

PGP Command Line encountered an invalid

argument for wipe temp passes.

3004 stdin cannot be used with input

files

Standard input/output (stdin) cannot be used with

input files.

3005 no recipients specified No recipients were specified.

3006 ADK added to recipients The ADK was added to the recipients. Informational,

not an error.

3007 ADK not found The ADK was not found. Indicates an error; based on

the setting of --enforce-adk.

3008 skipping ADK The ADK was not enforced.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

273

Code Message Description

3009 ADK not found The ADK was not found. Indicates a warning; based

on the setting of --enforce-adk.

3010 no symmetric passphrase

specified

No symmetric passphrase was specified.

3011 invalid passphrase specified An invalid passphrase was specified.

3012 could not create output file PGP Command Line could not create the output file.

3083 could not create output file X PGP Command Line could not create the specified

output file.

3013 no keys found No keys were found.

3014 no keys specified No keys were specified.

3015 failed with error X The operation failed with the specified error

number; error text not available.

3090 operation failed: X The operation failed with the specified error text.

3092 operation warning: X Operation encountered the specified warning

condition.

3016 invalid user ID specified An invalid user ID was specified; it cannot be used.

3017 user ID already exists The specified user ID already exists.

3018 user ID not found The specified user ID not found.

3019 file operation failed The file operation failed.

3020 photo ID not found The specified photo ID was not found.

3021 revokers are not supported with

this key

Revokers are not supported with this key.

3022 ADKs are not supported with

this key

ADKs are not supported with this key.

3023 key expired The key is expired.

3024 key revoked The key is revoked.

3025 key disabled The key is disabled.

3026 key is not paired The key is not paired.

3027 file locked The file is locked.

3028 multiple inputs cannot be sent to

a single output file

Multiple inputs cannot be sent to a single output file.

3029 no output specified No output was specified.

3030 cannot output to a directory

when reading from stdin

PGP Command Line cannot output to a directory

when reading from standard input.

274 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

3031 input does not contain PGP data The input does not contain any PGP data.

3032 input contains unknown data The input contains unknown data.

3033 no passphrase specified No passphrase was specified.

3034 file is marked for your eyes only,

ignoring output

The specified file is marked “eyes only;” the output

is being ignored.

3035 good signature The signature is good.

3036 bad signature The signature is bad.

3037 cannot verify signature PGP Command Line cannot verify the signature

because the signing key was not found on the local

keyring.

3038 signing key [key ID] [primary

user ID]

Informational message when verifying the signature

on a key; displays the key ID and primary user ID of

the key used to verify with.

3039 signing key [key ID] Informational message when verifying the signature

on a key; displays the key ID of the key used to verify

with.

3040 signature created [date] Informational message that shows the date the

signature was created.

3041 output not applicable The --output option is not applicable; when doing a

verify, for example.

3042 suggested output file name X The suggested output filename is as specified.

3043 data is marked for your eyes only Data is marked “eyes only.”

3044 subkey ID X belongs to Y If the owner of the subkey is available, it is

displayed; otherwise, just the subkey is displayed.

3093 data is encrypted to subkey ID X The data is encrypted to the specified subkey ID.

3045 data is conventionally encrypted The data is conventionally encrypted.

3046 preferred keyservers are not

supported with this key

Preferred keyservers are not supported with this

key; they are only supported on RSA and DH/DSS v4

keys.

3047 no new passphrase specified No new passphrase was specified.

3048 data encrypted with cipher X The data is encrypted with the specified cipher.

3049 key unsuitable for signing The key is unsuitable for signing.

3050 too many user IDs found Too many user IDs were found.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

275

Code Message Description

3051 trust level for meta-introducers

must be from 2 to 8 inclusive

The trust level you specify for meta-introducers

must be from 2 to 8.

3052 trust level for trusted-

introducers must be from 1 to 8

inclusive

The trust level you specify for trusted-introducers

must be from 1 to 8.

3053 too many signatures found Too many signatures were found.

3054 no signatures found No signatures were found.

3055 data contains the key X Data contains the specified key.

3056 key import off, skipping key X Error occurred during import; the import failed.

3057 key is not revocable You cannot revoke the key.

3058 subkey not found The subkey was not found.

3059 subkeys are not supported with

this key

The specified key does not support subkeys.

3060 no subkey specified No subkey was specified.

3061 data not encrypted The data is not encrypted.

3062 could not create file, X PGP Command Line could not create a file because of

the specified error.

3063 key unable to encrypt The key is unable to encrypt.

3064 key invalid The key is invalid.

3079 signing key invalid The signing key is invalid.

3065 key cannot be an ADK The key cannot be an ADK.

3066 key cannot be a designated

revoker

The key cannot be a designated revoker.

3067 key is axiomatic The key is axiomatic. You cannot disable a key pair

until you set trust to Never.

3068 invalid key type The key type is invalid.

3069 RSA legacy key size must be

between A and Z

The key size of RSA Legacy keys must be between

the specified values.

3070 RSA legacy key type does not

support signing bits

The RSA Legacy key type does not support signing

bits.

3071 too many user IDs specified Too many user IDs specified.

3072 RSA key size must be between A

and Z

The key size of RSA keys must be between the

specified values.

3073 RSA signing key size must be

between A and Z

The signing key size of RSA keys must be between

the specified values.

276 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

3074 DH key size must be between A

and Z

The key size of Diffie-Hellman keys must be between

the specified values.

3075 DH signing key size must be X The signing key size of Diffie-Hellman keys must be

the specified size.

3076 encryption key size cannot be

specified with sign only key type

Encryption key size cannot be specified with sign-

only key types.

3077 out of entropy PGP Command Line is out of entropy.

3078 could not create directory, X PGP Command Line could not create a directory,

because of the specified error.

3080 invalid index The index is invalid.

3082 invalid date The date is invalid.

3084 stdin not applicable Standard input/output is not applicable.

3085 no signature specified No signature was specified when matching

signatures on user IDs (not signature files).

3086 skipping directory The directory is being skipped.

3087 could not remove file, X PGP Command Line could not remove a file because

of the specified error.

3088 invalid passphrase cache

timeout

An invalid passphrase cache timeout was

encountered.

3089 preferred ciphers are not

supported with this key

The key does not support preferred ciphers.

3091 skipping non-regular file An irregular (device, fifo, and so on) file is being

skipped.

3100 signing key expired The signing key is expired.

3101 signing key revoked The signing key is revoked.

3102 signing key disabled The signing key is disabled.

3103 photo IDs are not supported with

this key

The key does not support photo IDs.

3104 could not read file PGP Command Line could not read the file.

3105 cipher not applicable The --cipher option is not applicable, not a specific

cipher.

3106 preferred compression

algorithms are not supported

with this key

The key does not support preferred compression

algorithms.

3107 compression algorithm not

applicable

The --compression-algorithm option is not

applicable, not a specific compression algorithm.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

277

Code Message Description

3108 permission denied, force option

required

The --force option is required for this operation.

3109 output cannot be a directory, it

must be a file

The output cannot be a directory, it must be a file.

3110 archive imported X The specified archive was imported, where X is the

file or directory just added to the archive. This is a

progress message.

3111 data is a PGP archive The data is a PGP Archive.

3112 input does not contain PGP

archive data

The input does not contain PGP Archive data.

3113 data is armored The data is ASCII-armored.

3114 ADK not valid for use The ADK is not valid for use; it cannot encrypt (this

is an error message).

3115 ADK not valid for use The ADK is not valid for use; it cannot encrypt (this

is a warning message).

3116 invalid additional recipient The additional recipient is invalid.

3117 additional recipient not found The additional recipient was not found.

3118 X.509 operations require a single

key

The X.509 operation requires a single key.

3119 no local key for merge, skipping

key X Y

Because there was no local key for the merge, the

specified keys were skipped; depends on the setting

of manual import keys.

3120 local key exists, skipping key X Y The local key exists, but the specified keys are being

skipped; depends on the setting of manual import

keys.

3121 automatically imported key [key

ID] [primary user ID]

The specified keys were automatically imported.

3122 PGP Command Line Beta has

expired - please update to the

latest release

The Beta version of PGP Command Line that you are

using has expired. You need to get a more recent

version.

3123 could not remove directory, X PGP Command Line could not remove a directory

because of the specified error.

3124 permission denied Permission is denied.

3125 input is not a regular file The input is not a regular file.

3126 invalid input The input is invalid.

3127 private key is already split The private key is already split.

3128 output must be a directory The output must be a directory.

3129 path too long The path is too long.

278 Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

Code Message Description

3130 could not create symbolic link, X PGP Command Line could not create a symbolic link

because of the specified error.

3131 multiple encrypted blocks found

in single input stream

Multiple encrypted blocks were encountered in a

single input stream.

3132 reconstructed split key

passphrase is invalid

The reconstructed split key passphrase is invalid.

3133 key unable to decrypt The key is unable to decrypt.

3134 reconstructed split key

passphrase is valid

The reconstructed split key passphrase is valid.

3135 master passphrase changed The master passphrase has changed.

3136 subkey passphrase changed The subkey passphrase has changed.

3137 eyes only option not specified,

discarding output

The output is being discarded because the --eyes-

only option was not specified.

3138 error opening console There was an error opening the console; for direct

writing (--eyes-only option).

3139 error writing to console There was an error writing to the console; for direct

writing (--eyes-only option).

3140 private key is not split The private key is not split.

3141 operation warning: Y The operation generated the specified warning.

3142 data is encrypted to key ID X Data is encrypted to an RSA Legacy key, which do

not have subkeys. Data is encrypted to the specified

key ID.

3143 key belongs to X Y Data is encrypted to an RSA Legacy key, which do

not have subkeys. Specified key ID is matched to the

specified primary user ID.

3144 data is encrypted to unknown ID

PGP Command Line could not find a key, so the

specified ID is unknown.

3145 invalid argument for wipe

overwrite passes

PGP Command Line encountered an invalid

argument for wipe overwrite passes.

3146 error [number] importing key X The specified error occurred; the specified key is

being imported.

3147 key pair import off, skipping key

The specified key was skipped because key pair

import is off.

3148 importing only public key x y Just the specified public keys are being imported.

3149 no target platform specified No target platform was specified.

3150 unknown file type PGP Command Line encountered an unknown file

type.

3151 only one input is allowed Only one input is allowed.

Codes and Messages

Messages With Codes

279

Code Message Description

3152 stdout not applicable Standard output is not applicable.

3153 connection failed The connection failed.

3154 invalid keyring cache timeout An invalid keyring cache timeout was specified.

3155 preferred hashes are not

supported with this key

Preferred hashes are not supported on the specified

key.

3156 hash not applicable The specified hash is not applicable.

3157 current local time x The current local time is as specified.

3158 current UTC time x The current UTC time is as specified.

3159 multiple revokers not allowed Multiple revokers are not allowed.

3160 root path not found in input

object

The object input did not include the root path.

3161 root path invalid with input

object

The object input does not supported a root path.

3162 no auth username specified No authorization username was specified.

3163 no auth passphrase specified No authentication passphrase was specified.

3164 only one notation value may be

specified

You can only specify one notation value.

3165 notation packet not found A notation packet could not be found.

3166 invalid notation packet search

parameters

There was an invalid notation packet in the search

parameters.

3167 invalid notation packet

3168 could not change owner, x The specified packet owner could not be changed.

3169 could not change permissions, x The specified permission could not be changed.

3170 signature hash x There’s a problem with the specified signature hash.

3171 libxml error - x, y A structured error has occurred.

3172 libxml error - x A generic error has occurred.

3173 libxml error - unknown An unknown error has occurred.

280 Codes and Messages

Exit Codes

Exit codes are returned by PGP Command Line on exit from the application. Depending

on the shell or script being used, these exit codes may or may not be displayed on-

screen.

Code Message Description

0 Success PGP Command Line exited successfully.

64 Usage Parser error.

71 OSError Bad data was received from the operating system at

startup.

128 InternalError An internal error occurred.

129 InitFailed An initialization failure occurred on startup.

130 Interrupt A user interrupt occurred.

145 PurgeCache Error purging a cache: passphrase, keyring, or both.

146 CreateKeyrings Error creating keyring riles.

147 SpeedTest Error during a speed test operation.

160 Wipe Complete failure during a file wipe.

161 WipePartial Partial fail, partial success during a file wipe (one file

wiped, one not, for example).

162 Encode Complete failure during an encode.

163 EncodePartial Partial failure during an encode.

164 Decode Complete failure during a decode.

165 DecodePartial Partial failure during a decode.

210 KeyList Error during one of the key list operations.

220 Key Maintenance Error during key maintenance.

221 CheckSigs Error when checking signatures.

222 CheckUserIDs Error when checking user IDs.

230 KeyEdit Error during one of the key edit operations.

240 Keyserver Error during one of the keyserver operations.

245 License Error with supplied license.

250 BetaExpired Returned if the software is expired due to beta

timeout.

251 LicenseExpired License is expired.

Codes and Messages

Exit Codes

281

Code Message Description

255 Unknown An unknown error occurred.

This section lists some frequently asked questions about PGP Command Line and how it

is used.

In This Chapter

Key Used for Encryption............................................................................................ 283

"Invalid" Keys .............................................................................................................. 283

Maximum File Size ..................................................................................................... 284

Programming and Scripting Languages.................................................................. 285

File Redirection ........................................................................................................... 285

Protecting Passphrases.............................................................................................. 285

Key Used for Encryption

Q. How do I determine the key to which a file was encrypted?

A. Use the command --verify and the encrypted file name, such as:

pgp --verify report.pgp

You will get a report about the encryption subkey used to encrypt this file:

report.pgp:verify (3093:data is encrypted to subkey ID

0x894BA6DC)

report.pgp:verify (3044:subkey ID 0x894BA6DC belongs to

0x6245273E Bob Smith <bob@example.com>)

report.pgp:verify (3033:no passphrase specified)

"Invalid" Keys

Q. I imported my partner's public key to my keyring, but every time I encrypt to it, PGP

Command Line gives me an error “3064: key invalid”! What does this mean?

A. The problem is that a key is not considered valid unless it is either signed by you or

someone you trust, which ensures that you're encrypting only to public key that has

been confirmed to belong to the person with whom you wish to communicate.

You can simply sign the public key with your private key. Here is the whole key import

and signing procedure:

1 Import the public key. If the public key is in a file called Alice.asc, use:

pgp --import "Alice Cameron.asc"

E Frequently Asked Questions

284 Frequently Asked Questions

Maximum File Size

Alice Cameron.asc:import key (0:key imported as 0xD0EA20A7

Alice Cameron)

2 View the public key’s fingerprint. If this is Bob’s public key, use this command:

pgp --fingerprint "Alice Cameron"

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

6DE3 5CB2 DF01 8CF2 5569 971E A9B1 D272 3E43 9B98

1 key found

You can also use the biometric option to view the key:

pgp --fingerprint "Alice Cameron" --biometric

Alice Cameron <alice@example.com>

goggles torpedo escape pioneer

talon adviser offload vagabond

edict guitarist preshrunk Burlington

revenge photograph standard holiness

concert decimal puppy narrative

1 key found

Now call Alice and verify that this is the correct public key by having her read her

key's fingerprint. If the fingerprints match, then you know you have the correct

public key.

3 Sign the public key. If the public key is for a user called Alice, and your local

private key is for a user called Bob, use:

pgp --sign-key "alice@example.com" --signer Smith --passphrase

"B0b*sm1t4"

0x3E439B98:sign key (0:certified user ID Alice Cameron

<alice@example.com>)

Alice’s public key will now be valid for encryption operations.

Note that larger organizations normally establish a corporate key, sign all partner

keys, and store them in a PGP keyserver. Individual Desktop or PGP Command

Line installations then need only to validate and trust the corporate key. Because

you trust the corporate key, PGP software knows that you also trust any key

signed by the corporate key, meaning any partner key signed by the corporate key

is automatically considered valid.

Maximum File Size

Q. What is the maximum size of file that PGP Command Line can encrypt?

A. There is no hard limit on the size of file you can encrypt using Command Line, where

blocks of data are read from the input file, encrypted, and written to a temporary file.

Once the encryption is complete, the temporary file is renamed to the proper output

destination filename. Therefore, the output file is not loaded into memory at once and

encrypted there before being written out to the output file.

Frequently Asked Questions

Programming and Scripting Languages

285

There are some operating system and function-specific caveats:

 On Windows, AIX, and HP-UX the standard input stream works differently and

PGP Command Line actually reads the whole file into memory: the user will be

limited by the memory of the system and the swap file size. Hence, it's preferable

not to use standard input as the source of input for the encryption if you're

encrypting large files.

 Archiving: when using the --archive option, PGP Command Line first creates a

compressed tar file of the input files/directories, and then encrypts that tar file.

Therefore, you need to have available on the working drive two to three times the

size of the file being encrypted.

The only limitation for PGP Command Line is the size of the hard drive on which you'll

be performing an operation.

Programming and Scripting Languages

Q. Can I use PGP Command Line with VB/.NET/Perl/Python/other languages?

A. Yes. You can call PGP Command Line via any programming language that allows you

to call executables and pass parameters to the executable.

File Redirection

Q. How do I use file redirection with PGP Command Line?

A. PGP Command Line writes different data to several different places by default. Any

user output generated by PGP Command Line is written to standard output (stdout),

including version information, key list data, etc. Any status information generated by

command line is sent to standard error (stderr).

When encrypting and decrypting, PGP Command Line reads and writes files by default.

These files can be overridden with the special argument "-" to either --input or --

output. This behavior is set so that PGP Command Line doesn’t have to wait for input

if you forget something: it will generate an error that you can detect.

The behavior of PGP Command Line changes depending on the operating system you

are using, while the syntax changes depending on the shell.

When you work with PGP Command Line, you can use standard input (stdin) in two

ways: by redirecting an existing file, or by typing (pasting in) data.

See Standard Input, Output and Error more information.

Protecting Passphrases

Q. What's the best way to protect a passphrase when I'm using PGP Command Line to

automate encryption processes?Pr

286 Frequently Asked Questions

Protecting Passphrases

A. There are several ways to pass the passphrase into PGP Command Line: via a

command-line option --passphrase, via PGP_PASSPHRASE environment variable, or

via the passphrase cache.

 Passing the passphrase in via the command-line option. This is probably the least

desirable, as it requires the script calling PGP Command Line to cache the

passphrase. This may also be risky, especially if multiple users have access to the

account responsible for running the script, as those users will be able to see the

passphrase for private keys responsible for signing or decrypting data. To enter

the passphrase onto the command line, you will use the option --passphrase

combined with <passphrase>.

 Using the environment variable PGP_PASSPHRASE.

To set a passphrase environment variable PGP_PASSPHRASE, enter it in the way it

is required for the platform you are using.

You can add only one passphrase using this procedure. Note also that anyone who

has access to your machine and the environment variables location can read your

passphrase. This option is not recommended in any situation where other people

can see your environment variable data.

 Using the passphrase cache. To change the passphrase cache settings using the

configuration file, do the following:

a Open the PGPprefs.xml file, which is located in the Application Data

directory on Windows platform, or in the $HOME directory on any

UNIX platform.

b Find the text:

<key>CLpassphraseCache</key>

and change the value to <true></true>. This will change the passphrase cache

from off to on, and allow you to cache passphrases during the operation.

c In addition, if you want to change the passphrase cache timeout to a

value other than the default (120 seconds), find the text:

<key>CLpassphraseCacheTimeout</key>

and change the value to another, longer timeout.

If the machine is rebooted, the passphrase will need to be set in the cache again.

This has the advantage that the passphrase is not exposed on the system. There is

a slight risk that someone with access to the user account into which the

passphrase has been cached will be able to perform operations using the private

key (as operations requiring a passphrase for the private key will automatically

pull the passphrase from the cache).

This section lists all PGP Command Line commands, options, and environment

variables.

In This Chapter

Commands ................................................................................................................... 287

Options .........................................................................................................................290

Environment Variables .............................................................................................. 294

Configuration File Variables ..................................................................................... 295

Commands

Miscellaneous

--create-keyrings Creates empty keyring files.

--help (-h) Shows basic help information.

--license-authorize Authorizes a license number for use with PGP Command Line

--list-archive Lists the contents of a PGP archive.

--purge-all-caches Purges all caches.

--purge-keyring-cache Purges the keyring cache.

--purge-passphrase-cache Purges the passphrase cache.

--speed-test Runs the PGP SDK speed tests.

--version Shows version information.

--wipe (-w) Wipes a file.

Cryptographic

--armor (-a) Armors a file.

--clearsign Creates a clear signature.

--decrypt Decrypts.

--detached (-b) Creates a detached signature.

--dump-packets Dumps the packets in a PGP message.

--encrypt (-e) Encrypts data.

--export-session-key Exports the session key of an encrypted message.

--list-packets Lists the packets in a PGP message.

F Quick Reference

288 Quick Reference

Commands

--list-sda Lists the contents of an SDA.

--sign (-s) Signs data.

--symmetric (-c) Encrypts using a symmetric cipher.

--verify Verifies data.

Key Listings

--fingerprint Shows fingerprint.

--list-keys (-l) Shows key list in basic mode.

--list-key-details Shows key list in detailed mode.

--list-sigs Shows signatures in basic key list.

--list-sig-details Shows signature details.

--list-keys-xml Shows keys in XML format.

--list-userids, --list-users Shows user IDs in a basic key list.

Key Editing

--add-adk Adds an ADK to a key.

--add-photoid Adds a photo ID to a key.

--add-preferred-cipher Adds/updates the preferred cipher on a key.

--add-preferred-compression-algorithm Adds/updates the preferred compression algorithm on a key.

--add-preferred-email-encoding Adds / updates the preferred email encoding on a key.

--add-preferred-hash Adds / updates the preferred hash on a key.

--add-revoker Adds a revoker to a key.

--add-userid Adds a user ID to a key.

--cache-passphrase Caches a passphrase.

--change-passphrase Changes the passphrase of a key.

--clear-key-flag Clears one of the key’s preferences flags.

--disable Disables key.

--enable Enables key.

--export Exports keys.

--export-key-pair Exports key pair.

--export-photoid Exports a photo ID to a file.

--gen-key Generates a new key pair.

--gen-subkey Generates subkey.

--import Imports keys.

--join-key Rejoins a split key so it can be used.

--join-key-cache-only Temporarily joins a previously split key

--key-recon-recv Reconstructs a key locally.

--key-recon-recv-questions Receives reconstruction questions for a specified key.

Quick Reference

Commands

289

--key-recon-send Sends reconstruction data to a server.

--remove Removes key.

--remove-adk Removes an ADK from a key.

--remove-all-adks Removes all ADKs from a key.

--remove-all-photoids Removes all photo IDs from a key.

--remove-all-revokers Removes all revokers from a key.

--remove-expiration-date Removes the expiration date from a key.

--remove-key-pair Removes key pair.

--remove-photoid Removes a photo ID from a key.

--remove-preferred-cipher Removes a preferred cipher from a key.

--remove-preferred-compression-algorithmRemoves a preferred compression algorithm from a key.

--remove-preferred-email-encoding Removes the preferred email encoding from a key.

--remove-preferred-hash Removes the preferred hash from a key

--remove-preferred-keyserver Removes a preferred keyserver from a key.

--remove-revoker Removes a revoker from a key.

--remove-sig Removes signature.

--remove-subkey Removes subkey.

--remove-userid Removes a user ID from a key.

--revoke Revokes key pair.

--revoke-sig Revokes signature.

--revoke-subkey Revokes subkey.

--send-shares Sends shares to the serve which is joining a key.

--set-expiration-date Sets the expiration date of a key.

--set-key-flag Sets one of the preference flags for a key.

--set-preferred-ciphers Sets the list of preferred ciphers on a key.

--set-preferred-compression-algorithmsSets the list of preferred compression algorithms on a key.

--set-preferred-email-encodings Sets the list of preferred email encodings for a key.

--set-preferred-hashes Sets the list of preferred hashes for a key.

--set-preferred-keyserver Sets the list of preferred keyservers for a key.

--set-primary-userid Sets a user ID as primary for a key.

--set-trust Sets the trust on a key.

--sign-key Signs all user IDs on a key.

--sign-userid Signs a single user ID on a key.

--split-key Splits a key into multiple shares.

Keyserver

--keyserver-disable Disables a key on a keyserver.

--keyserver-recv Gets keys from a keyserver.

--keyserver-remove Removes keys from a keyserver.

290 Quick Reference

Options

--keyserver-search Searches for keys on a keyserver, lists results.

--keyserver-send Sends keys to a keyserver.

--keyserver-update Updates keys with respect to a keyserver.

--recv-keys Gets keys from a keyserver (GPG synonym for --keyserver-recv)

--send-keys Sends keys to a keyserver (GPG synonym for --keyserver-send.)

PGP Key Management Server

--create-mak Creates a new MAK on the specified PGP KMS.

--import-mak Creates a MAK from existing key material.

--export-mak Exports the public portion of a MAK to a file on the local system.

--export-mak-pair Exports the public and private portions of a MAK to a file on the local system.

--request-cert Requests a certificate for a MAK.

--edit-mak Edits settings of a MAK on the specified PGP KMS.

--search-mak Searches a PGP KMS for a MAK.

--delete-mak Deletes a MAK from the PGP KMS.

--create-mek-series Creates a MEK series on the local system.

--edit-mek-series Edits an existing MEK series.

--search-mek-series Searches a PGP KMS for a specified MEK series.

--delete-mek-series Deletes a MEK series from a PGP KMS. All MEKs in the series are deleted.

--create-mek Creates a MEK on a PGP KMS.

--import-mek Creates a MEK on a PGP KMS using key material from the local system.

--export-mek Exports the MEK to a file on the local system.

--edit-mek Edits a MEK on a PGP KMS.

--search-mek Searches a PGP KMS for a MEK.

--create-msd Creates an MSD from an input file, stdin, or a file descriptor.

--export-msd Exports an MSD to a plaintext file.

--edit-msd Edits an MSD on a PGP KMS.

--search-msd Searches for an MSD on a PGP KMS.

--delete-msd Deletes an MSD from a PGP KMS.

--create-consumer Creates a consumer on a PGP KMS.

--search-consumer Searches for a consumer on a PGP KMS.

--check-certificate-validity Checks the validity of a certificate.

Options

Boolean

--always-trust Always trust all keys used.

Quick Reference

Options

291

--archive Sets encode and decode to use archive mode.

--banner Toggles the banner display for every operation.

--biometric Uses biometric output format.

--buffered-stdio Buffers stdin / stdout operations.

--compress Toggles compression.

--encrypt-to-self Always encrypt to the default key.

--eyes-only Specifies encryption for your-eyes-only.

--fast-key-gen Uses fast key generation.

--fips-mode, --fips Enables FIPS mode in the PGP SDK.

--force (-f) Forces certain dangerous operations to continue.

--halt-on-error Stops on error for multiple I/O operations.

--import-certificates Imports pending certificate requests to a MAK.

--keyring-cache Enables the keyring cache.

--large-keyrings Checks keyring signatures only when necessary.

--license-recover Enables the license recovery e-mail option during authentication

--local-mode Forces the PGP SDK to run in local mode.

--marginal-as-valid Treats marginal keys as valid.

--pass-through Passes through non-PGP data on decode.

--passphrase-cache Enables the passphrase cache.

--photo Specifies that we want to match a photo user ID.

--quiet (-q) Quiet mode.

--recursive Enables recursive mode.

--reverse-sort, --reverse Reverses the sorting order.

--sda Enables SDA (Self Decrypting Archive) creation

--skep Checks file shares first when joining split keys.

--textmode, text (-t) Forces the input to canonical text mode.

--verbose (-v) Shows verbose information.

--warn-adk Warns when enforcing ADKs.

--xml Displays information in XML format.

Integer

--3des Precedence of the 3DES cipher algorithm.

--aes128 Precedence of the AES128 cipher algorithm.

--aes192 Precedence of the AES192 cipher algorithm.

--aes256 Precedence of the AES256 cipher algorithm.

--bits, --encryption-bits Encryption key bits.

--blowfish Precedence of the Blowfish cipher algorithm (deprecated).

--bzip2 Precedence of the Bzip2 compression algorithm.

--cast5 Precedence of the CAST5 cipher algorithm

292 Quick Reference

Options

--creation-days Number of days until creation.

--expiration-days Number of days until expiration.

--idea Precedence of the IDEA cipher algorithm.

--index Matches a specific index (if more than one object is found).

--keyring-cache-timeout Number of seconds keyrings are cached.

--keyserver-timeout Number of seconds until a keyserver operation times out.

--md5 Precedence of the MD5 hash algorithm

--passphrase-cache-timeout Number of seconds passphrases are cached.

--ripemd160 Precedence of the CAST5 hash algorithm

--sha Precedence of the SHA-1 hash algorithm

--sha256 Precedence of the SHA-256 hash algorithm

--sha384 Precedence of the SHA-384 hash algorithm

--sha512 Precedence of the SHA-512 hash algorithm

--signing-bits Signing key bits.

--skep-timeout Timeout for joining keys over the network

--threshold Defines the minimum share threshold when splitting a key.

--trust-depth Trust depth when creating meta and trusted-introducer sigs.

--twofish Precedence of the Twofish cipher algorithm.

--wipe-input-passes Number of wipe passes for input files.

--wipe-passes Number of wipe passes for normal files.

--wipe-temp-passes Number of wipe passes for temp files.

--wipe-overwrite-passes Number of wipe passes for moving existing output files.

--zip Precedence of the Zip compression algorithm.

--zlib Precedence of the Zlib compression algorithm.

Enumeration

Auto-import-keys How to handle keys found during non-import operations.

--cipher Specifies a cipher algorithm to use with certain operations.

--compression-algorithm Sets the compression algorithm.

--compression-level Sets the compression level.

--enforce-adk Specifies how to handle ADKs.

--export-format Specifies the export format to use.

--hash Sets the hash algorithm.

--import-format Specifies the import format.

--input-cleanup How to deal with input files when done with them.

--key-flag Specifies one of the key preference flags.

--key-type Sets key type.

--manual-import-keys How to handle keys found during import.

--manual-import-key-pairs Specifies how to handle key pairs found during import.

Quick Reference

Options

293

--overwrite Sets the overwrite behavior.

--sig-type Sets the signature type.

--sort-order, --sort Sets the sort ordering for the current operation.

--target-platform Specifies the target platform for SDAs

--temp-cleanup How to deal with temp files when done with them.

--trust Sets the current trust level.

String

--basic-constraint Specifies how a certificate can be used in a CSR.

--city Specifies a city in a CSR.

--comment Specifies a comment for armored blocks.

--common-name Specifies a common name in a CSR.

--contact-email Specifies a contact e-mail address.

--country Specifies a country in a CSR.

--creation-date Number of days until creation in a date format.

--default-key Sets default key for signing (also used for --encrypt-to-self).

--expiration-date Number of days until expiration in a date format.

--export-passphrase Passphrase to use when exporting PKCS12 data.

--extended-key-usage Refines key usage information in a CSR.

--home-dir Location of the home directory (~/.pgp).

--key-usage Specifies how a key can be used in a CSR.

--license-email E-mail address of the licensed user

--license-name Name of the licensed user

--license-number License number

--license-organization Organization of the licensed user

--local-user (-u), --user Local user to use for an operation.

--new-passphrase Passphrase to use when changing a passphrase.

--organization Specifies an organization in a CSR.

--organizational-unit Specifies an organizational unit in a CSR.

--output (-o) Specifies an output object.

--output-file Sets a file to use for output messages

--passphrase Passphrase to use for the current operation.

--preferred-keyserver Specifies a preferred keyserver.

--private-keyring Private keyring file.

--proxy-passphrase Proxy server passphrase

--proxy-server Proxy server to use for certain network operations

--proxy-username Proxy server username

--public-keyring Public keyring file.

--random-seed Specifies a random seed file.

294 Quick Reference

Environment Variables

--regular-expression Specifies a regular expression.

--root-path Root path used to create SDAs and archives

--share-server Server to use for split key operations

--state Specifies a state in a CSR.

--status-file Sets a file to use for status messages

--subject-alternative-name Specifies an alternative name in a CSR.

--symmetric-passphrase Specifies a passphrase to use with conventional encryption.

--temp-dir Specifies a temporary directory for PGP Command Line to use.

List

--additional-recipient Specifies additional (required) recipients.

--adk Specifies an ADK

--input (-i) Specifies an input object.

--keyserver Specifies a keyserver.

--recipient (r) Specifies a recipient.

--revoker Specifies a revoker.

--share Specifies a share when splitting a key.

File Descriptors

--auth-passphrase-fd Reads --auth-passphrase from a file descriptor.

--auth-passphrase-fd8 Reads --auth-passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

--export-passphrase-fd Reads --export-passphrase from a file descriptor.

--export-passphrase-fd8 Reads --export-passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

--new-passphrase-fd Reads --new-passphrase from a file descriptor.

--new-passphrase-fd8 Reads --new-passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

--passphrase-fd Reads --passphrase from a file descriptor.

--passphrase-fd8 Reads --passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

--proxy-passphrase-fd Reads --proxy-passphrase from a file descriptor.

--proxy-passphrase-fd8 Reads --proxy-passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

--symmetric-passphrase-fd Reads --symmetric-passphrase from a file descriptor.

--symmetric-passphrase-fd8 Reads --symmetric-passphrase from a file descriptor (in UTF8).

Environment Variables

PGP_LOCAL_MODE Forces PGP Command Line to run in local mode (Boolean).

PGP_HOME_DIR Overrides the default home directory (String).

PGP_FIPS_MODE Forces PGP SDK to run in a FIPS-compliant mode (Boolean).

Quick Reference

Configuration File Variables

295

PGP_PASSPHRASE Lets you set your passphrase (String).

PGP_NEW_PASSPHRASE Lets you set a new passphrase (String).

PGP_SYMMETRIC_PASSPHRASE Lets you set a passphrase for symmetric encryption (String).

PGP_EXPORT_PASSPHRASE Lets you set the export passphrase (String).

PGP_PROXY_PASSPHRASE Lets you set the proxy passphrase in the environment (String).

PGP_AUTH_PASSPHRASE Lets you set the auth passphrase in the environment (String).

PGP_TEMP_DIR Lets you set the temporary directory in the environment (String).

PGP_SOURCE_CODE_PAGE Lets you set the source code page in the environment (String).

Configuration File Variables

Variable Type Name Description

CLlicenseAuthorization String License

Authorization

Specifies the license authorization.

CLlicenseName String License Name Specifies the name of the licensee.

CLlicenseNumber String License Number Specifies the license number.

CLlicenseOrganization String License

Organization

Specifies the organization of the

licensee.

CLstatusFile String Status File Specifies the status file used for status

messages

CLoutputFile String Output File Specifies the output file.

CLtempDir String Temp Directory Specifies a temporary directory.

rngSeedFile String Random seed

filename

Sets the location of the random seed

file.

privateKeyringFile String Private keyring

file

Sets filename or path and filename to

the private keyring file.

publicKeyringFile String Public keyring file Sets filename or path and filename to

the public keyring file.

commentString String Comment Specifies a comment string to be used

in armored output blocks.

CLDefaultKey String Default signing

key

Specifies a key to be used by default for

signing.

adkWarning Boolean ADK warning

level

Enables warning messages for ADK

actions.

fastKeyGen Boolean Fast keygen Sets fast key generation setting.

marginalIsInvalid Boolean Marginal is

invalid

Sets minimum number of marginally

trusted signatures.

296 Quick Reference

Configuration File Variables

encryptToSelf Boolean Encrypt to self Files/messages you encrypt are also

encrypted to your key.

CLpassphraseCache Boolean Passphrase cache Saves your passphrase in memory.

CLkeyringCache Boolean Keyring cache Stores keyrings in memory for each

access.

CLhaltOnError Boolean Halt on error Halts operations when an error occurs.

CLlargeKeyrings Boolean Large Keyrings Checks keyring signatures only when

necessary.

fileWipePasses Integer Number of wipe

passes

Sets passes used by the --wipe

command.

CLfileWipeInputPasses Integer Number of wipe

input passes

Sets wipe passes for input files.

CLfileWipeTempPasses Integer Number of wipe

temp passes

Sets wipe passes for temporary files.

CLfileWipeOverwritePasse

Integer Number of wipe

overwrite passes

Sets wipe passes when overwriting an

existing output file.

CLpassphraseCacheTimeo

Integer Passphrase cache

timeout

Sets seconds a passphrase stays cached.

CLkeyringCacheTimeout Integer Keyring cache

timeout

Sets seconds a keyring stays cached in

memory.

CLkeyserverTimeout Integer Keyserver

timeout

Sets seconds to wait before a keyserver

operation times out.

CLcompressionLevel Enumeration Compression

Level

Sets the compression level for the

current operation.

CLmanualImportKeyPairs Enumeration Manual import

key pairs

Establishes behavior when key pairs are

found during import

CLsortOrder Enumeration Sort order Changes the sort order for writing key

lists.

CLinputCleanup Enumeration Input cleanup Sets behavior with input files after they

have been used.

CLoverwrite Enumeration Overwrite Sets behavior when an output file

already exists.

CLenforceADK Enumeration Enforce ADK Sets the ADK enforcement policy.

CLautoImportKeys Enumeration Automatic import

of keys

Sets behavior when keys are found in

non-import operations.

CLmanualImportKeys Enumeration Manual import of

keys

Sets behavior when keys are found

during an import.

Quick Reference

Configuration File Variables

297

alwaysEncryptToKeys List Always encrypt to

keys

Specifies an additional recipient for

encryption.

keyservers List Default keyserver Specifies a default keyserver.

--3des • 180

--add-adk • 87

--additional-recipient • 209

--add-photoid • 88

--add-preferred-cipher • 88

--add-preferred-compression-algorithm • 89

--add-preferred-email-encoding • 89

--add-revoker • 90

--add-userid • 91

--adk • 209

--aes128 • 180

AIX

change home directory • 11

how to install • 10

--answer • 210

--archive • 169

Arguments

about • 33

Boolean • 33

enumerations • 34

file descriptors • 36

integers • 34

lists • 35

no parent • 36

--armor (-a) • 54

--auth-passphrase-fd • 212, 214

--auth-passphrase-fd8 • 212, 214

--auto-import-keys • 189

--banner • 170

--biometric • 170

Boolean arguments • 33

--buffered-stdio • 170

--cache-passphrase • 91

--cast5 • 181

certificate signature request (CSR) • 95

--change-passphrase • 92

--check-sigs • 165

--check-userids • 165

--cipher • 190

--city • 199

--clearsign • 55

command line

environment variables • 40

command line interface

flags and arguments • 32

overview • 31

command-line interface, • 1

--comment • 199

--compress • 170

--compression-algorithm • 191

--compression-level • 191

concepts • 1, 32, 53

Configuration file • 36

--create-keyrings • 46, 162

creating

keypair • 46

SDA • 177

--creation-date • 200

--creation-days • 182

decrypt

eyes-only • 172

--decrypt • 57

decrypting

defined • 53

--default-key • 200

Department of Defense 5220.22-M • 165

--detached (-b) • 59

--disable • 93

distributing public key • 48

distributing your public key • 48

--email-encoding • 192

--enable • 94

encrypt

eyes-only • 172

--encrypt (-e) • 61

encrypting

defined • 53

--encryption-bits • 180

--encrypt-to-self • 172

--enforce-adk • 192

enumeration arguments • 34

environment variables • 40

PGP_HOME_DIR • 40

PGP_LOCAL_MODE • 40

PGP_NEW_PASSPHRASE • 40

PGP_NO_BANNER • 40

PGP_PASSPHRASE • 40

PGP_SYMMETRIC_PASSPHRASE • 40

--expiration-date • 200

--expiration-days • 182

--export • 49, 94

export formats • 95

export public key to file • 49

--export-format • 192

Index

--export-passphrase • 201

--export-passphrase-fd • 213

--export-passphrase-fd8 • 213

--export-photoid • 96

--export-session-key • 64

--eyes-only • 172

--fast-key-gen • 172

Fedora Core

change home directory • 16

how to install • 15

uninstalling • 17

file descriptor arguments • 36

File redirection • 41

finding a public key on a keyserver • 50

--fingerprint • 51

--fips-mode • 173

Flags

about • 33

--force (-f) • 173

--gen-key • 46, 97

--gen-revocation • 99

--gen-subkey • 100

getting public keys • 49

--halt-on-error • 173

--hash • 193

--help (-h) • 163

--home-dir • 201

HP-UX • 12

change home directory • 13

--idea • 182

--import • 101

import public key from keyserver • 50

importing a public key from a keyserver • 50

--index • 183

--input (-i) • 209

installing • 5

AIX • 10

HP-UX • 12

Mac OS X • 14

integer arguments • 34

--join-key • 102

--join-key, command output • 104

key types • 98

keyboard input • 1

--key-flag • 195

keypair

creating • 46

--key-recon-recv • 108

--key-recon-recv-questions • 107

--key-recon-send • 106

--keyring-cache • 173

--keyserver • 210

Keyserver

configuration file settings • 39

--keyserver-disable • 79

--keyserver-recv • 50, 80

--keyserver-remove • 81

--keyserver-search • 50, 82

--keyserver-send • 48, 82

--keyserver-update • 83

--key-type • 195

--license-email • 202

--license-name • 202

--license-number • 202

--license-organization • 202

--license-recover • 174

licensing

license authorization • 27

license number • 26

license recovery • 26

overview • 25

re-licensing • 28

through proxy server • 29

Linux

change home directory • 16

how to install • 15

uninstalling • 17

list arguments • 35

--list-archive • 65

--list-keys • 50

--local-mode • 175

--local-user (-u) • 202

Mac OS X

change home directory • 15

how to install • 14

--manual-import-key-pairs • 196

--manual-import-keys • 196

--marginal-as-valid • 175

--md5 • 184

Index

--new-passphrase • 203

--new-passphrase-fd • 213

--new-passphrase-fd8 • 213

no parent arguments • 36

--organization • 203

--output (-o) • 203

--overwrite • 196

--partitioned • 184

--passphrase • 204

--passphrase-cache • 176

--passphrase-cache-timeout • 184

--passphrase-fd • 213

--passphrase-fd8 • 213

--pass-through • 175

PGP_HOME_DIR environment variables • 40

PGP_LOCAL_MODE environment variable • 40

PGP_NEW_PASSPHRASE environment variables • 40

PGP_NO_BANNER environment variables • 40

PGP_PASSPHRASE environment variables • 40

PGP_SYMMETRIC_PASSPHRASE environment

variables • 40

--pgpmime • 185

--photo • 176

platforms

supported • 5

post public key to keyserver • 48

--preferred-keyserver • 204

--private-keyring • 205

protecting private key • 47

--proxy-password • 205

--proxy-server • 205

--proxy-username • 205

public key

distributing • 48

finding on keyserver • 50

importing • 50

public keys

verifying • 51

--public-keyring • 205

--purge-all-caches • 163

--purge-keyring-cache • 163

--purge-passphrase-cache • 163

--question • 210

--quiet (-q) • 176

--random-seed • 206

--recipient (-r) • 211

--recursive • 176

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

change home directory • 16

how to install • 15

uninstalling • 17

--regular-expression • 206

--remove • 109

--remove-adk • 109

--remove-all-adks • 110

--remove-all-revokers • 110

--remove-expiration-date • 111

--remove-key-pair • 111

--remove-photoid • 111

--remove-preferred-cipher • 112

--remove-preferred-compression-algorithm • 112

--remove-preferred-email-encoding • 113

--remove-preferred-keyserver • 114

--remove-revoker • 114

--remove-sig • 115

--remove-subkey • 115

--remove-userid • 116

--reverse-sort • 176

--revoke • 116

--revoker • 211

--revoke-sig • 117

--revoke-subkey • 117

--ripemd160 • 185

--root-path • 207

--sda • 177

Self-Decrypting Archive (SDA) • 177

--set-expiration-date • 118

--set-preferred-ciphers • 119

set-preferred-hashes • 121

--set-preferred-keyserver • 121

--set-primary-userid • 122

--set-trust • 122

--sha • 186

--sha256 • 186

--sha384 • 186

--sha512 • 186

--share • 211

--share-server • 207

--sign (-s) • 66

signature types • 123

signing

defined • 53

--signing-bits • 187

--sign-key • 123

Index

--sign-userid • 124

--sig-type • 197

--skep • 177

--skep-timeout • 187

Solaris

change home directory • 18

how to install • 17

--sort-order • 197

--speed-test • 164

--split-key • 125

--split-key, preview mode • 127

standard error • 41

standard input • 41

standard output • 41

--state • 207

stderr • 41

stdin • 41

stdout • 41

supported platforms • 5

--symmetric (-c) • 68

--symmetric-passphrase • 208

--symmetric-passphrase-fd • 214

--symmetric-passphrase-fd8 • 214

system requirements • 6

--tar-cache-cleanup • 198

--target-platform • 198

--temp-cleanup • 198

--temp-dir • 208

--text (-t) • 177

--threshold • 187

--trust • 199

--trust-depth • 187

--twofish • 188

--user • 202

--verbose (-v) • 178

--verify • 69

verifying

defined • 53

verifying public keys • 51

--version • 164

--warn-adk • 178

Windows

change home directory • 20

how to install • 19

wipe

Department of Defense 5220.22-M • 165

--wipe • 165

--wipe-input-passes • 188

--wipe-overwrite-passes • 188

--wipe-passes • 188

--wipe-temp-passes • 189

--xml • 178

--zip • 189

--zlib • 189

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