Resteasy Reference Guide En US
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RESTEasy JAX-RS
RESTFul Web Services for Java
3.1.3.Final
Preface ............................................................................................................................. ix
1. Overview ...................................................................................................................... 1
2. License ........................................................................................................................ 3
3. Installation/Configuration ............................................................................................ 5
3.1. Resteasy modules in WildFly ............................................................................... 5
3.1.1. Other Resteasy modules .......................................................................... 6
3.1.2. Upgrading Resteasy within WildFly ........................................................... 7
3.2. Deploying a Resteasy application to WildFly ......................................................... 7
3.3. Deploying to other servlet containers ................................................................... 8
3.3.1. Servlet 3.0 containers .............................................................................. 8
3.3.2. Older servlet containers ............................................................................ 9
3.4. Configuration switches ........................................................................................ 9
3.5. javax.ws.rs.core.Application ............................................................................... 13
3.6. Resteasy as a ServletContextListener ................................................................ 14
3.7. Resteasy as a Servlet Filter .............................................................................. 15
3.8. Client side ........................................................................................................ 16
4. Using @Path and @GET, @POST, etc. ...................................................................... 17
4.1. @Path and regular expression mappings ...........................................................
5. @PathParam ..............................................................................................................
5.1. Advanced @PathParam and Regular Expressions ..............................................
5.2. @PathParam and PathSegment ........................................................................
6. @QueryParam ............................................................................................................
7. @HeaderParam ..........................................................................................................
8. Linking resources ......................................................................................................
8.1. Link Headers ....................................................................................................
8.2. Atom links in the resource representations .........................................................
8.2.1. Configuration ..........................................................................................
8.2.2. Your first links injected ...........................................................................
8.2.3. Customising how the Atom links are serialised .........................................
8.2.4. Specifying which JAX-RS methods are tied to which resources ..................
8.2.5. Specifying path parameter values for URI templates .................................
8.2.6. Securing entities ....................................................................................
8.2.7. Extending the UEL context .....................................................................
8.2.8. Resource facades ..................................................................................
9. @MatrixParam ............................................................................................................
10. @CookieParam ........................................................................................................
11. @FormParam ...........................................................................................................
12. @Form .....................................................................................................................
13. @DefaultValue ..........................................................................................................
14. @Encoded and encoding .........................................................................................
15. @Context .................................................................................................................
16. JAX-RS Resource Locators and Sub Resources .....................................................
17. JAX-RS Content Negotiation ....................................................................................
17.1. URL-based negotiation ....................................................................................
18
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RESTEasy JAX-RS
17.2. Query String Parameter-based negotiation ........................................................ 63
18. Content Marshalling/Providers ................................................................................. 65
18.1. Default Providers and default JAX-RS Content Marshalling ................................
18.2. Content Marshalling with @Provider classes .....................................................
18.3. Providers Utility Class .....................................................................................
18.4. Configuring Document Marshalling ...................................................................
18.5. Text media types and character sets ................................................................
19. JAXB providers ........................................................................................................
19.1. JAXB Decorators ............................................................................................
19.2. Pluggable JAXBContext's with ContextResolvers ..............................................
19.3. JAXB + XML provider ......................................................................................
19.3.1. @XmlHeader and @Stylesheet .............................................................
19.4. JAXB + JSON provider ....................................................................................
19.5. JAXB + FastinfoSet provider ............................................................................
19.6. Arrays and Collections of JAXB Objects ...........................................................
19.6.1. Retrieving Collections on the client side .................................................
19.6.2. JSON and JAXB Collections/arrays .......................................................
20.
21.
22.
23.
iv
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19.7. Maps of JAXB Objects .................................................................................... 87
19.7.1. Retrieving Maps on the client side ......................................................... 89
19.7.2. JSON and JAXB maps ......................................................................... 90
19.7.3. Possible Problems with Jettison Provider ............................................... 91
19.8. Interfaces, Abstract Classes, and JAXB ............................................................ 91
19.9. Configurating JAXB Marshalling ....................................................................... 92
Resteasy Atom Support ........................................................................................... 93
20.1. Resteasy Atom API and Provider ..................................................................... 93
20.2. Using JAXB with the Atom Provider ................................................................. 94
JSON Support via Jackson ...................................................................................... 97
21.1. Using Jackson 1.9.x Outside of WildFly ............................................................ 97
21.2. Using Jackson 1.9.x Inside WildFly 8 ............................................................... 97
21.3. Using Jackson 2 Outside of WildFly ................................................................. 97
21.4. Using Jackson 2 Inside WildFly 9 and above .................................................... 98
21.5. Additional Resteasy Specifics .......................................................................... 98
21.6. Possible Conflict With JAXB Provider ............................................................... 99
21.7. JSONP Support .............................................................................................. 99
21.8. Jackson JSON Decorator .............................................................................. 101
21.9. JSON Filter Support ...................................................................................... 101
JSON Support via Java EE 7 JSON-P API .............................................................. 105
Multipart Providers ................................................................................................. 107
23.1. Input with multipart/mixed .............................................................................. 107
23.2. java.util.List with multipart data ....................................................................... 109
23.3. Input with multipart/form-data ......................................................................... 109
23.4. java.util.Map with multipart/form-data .............................................................. 110
23.5. Input with multipart/related ............................................................................. 110
23.6. Output with multipart ..................................................................................... 111
23.7. Multipart Output with java.util.List ................................................................... 112
23.8. Output with multipart/form-data ...................................................................... 112
23.9. Multipart FormData Output with java.util.Map ..................................................
23.10. Output with multipart/related .........................................................................
23.11. @MultipartForm and POJOs ........................................................................
23.12. XML-binary Optimized Packaging (Xop) ........................................................
23.13. Note about multipart parsing and working with other frameworks .....................
23.14. Overwriting the default fallback content type for multipart messages ................
23.15. Overwriting the content type for multipart messages ......................................
23.16. Overwriting the default fallback charset for multipart messages .......................
YAML Provider .......................................................................................................
String marshalling for String based @*Param .......................................................
Responses using javax.ws.rs.core.Response ........................................................
Exception Handling ................................................................................................
27.1. Exception Mappers ........................................................................................
27.2. Resteasy Built-in Internally-Thrown Exceptions ................................................
27.3. Overriding Resteasy Builtin Exceptions ...........................................................
114
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28. Configuring Individual JAX-RS Resource Beans ...................................................
29. GZIP Compression/Decompression .......................................................................
29.1. Configuring GZIP compression / decompression .............................................
29.1.1. Server side configuration .....................................................................
29.1.2. Client side configuration ......................................................................
30. CORS .....................................................................................................................
31. Content-Range Support .........................................................................................
32. Resteasy Caching Features ...................................................................................
32.1. @Cache and @NoCache Annotations ............................................................
32.2. Client "Browser" Cache .................................................................................
32.3. Local Server-Side Response Cache ...............................................................
32.4. HTTP preconditions .......................................................................................
33. Filters and Interceptors ..........................................................................................
33.1. Server Side Filters ........................................................................................
33.2. Client Side Filters ..........................................................................................
33.3. Reader and Writer Interceptors ......................................................................
33.4. Per Resource Method Filters and Interceptors .................................................
33.5. Ordering .......................................................................................................
34. Asynchronous HTTP Request Processing .............................................................
35. Asynchronous Job Service ....................................................................................
35.1. Using Async Jobs .........................................................................................
35.2. Oneway: Fire and Forget ...............................................................................
35.3. Setup and Configuration ................................................................................
36. Embedded Containers ............................................................................................
36.1. Undertow ......................................................................................................
36.2. Sun JDK HTTP Server ..................................................................................
36.3. TJWS Embeddable Servlet Container .............................................................
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24.
25.
26.
27.
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RESTEasy JAX-RS
36.4. Netty ............................................................................................................ 163
36.5. Vert.x ............................................................................................................ 164
37. Server-side Mock Framework .................................................................................
38. Securing JAX-RS and RESTEasy ...........................................................................
39. JSON Web Signature and Encryption (JOSE-JWT) ................................................
39.1. JSON Web Signature (JWS) ..........................................................................
39.2. JSON Web Encryption (JWE) ........................................................................
40. Doseta Digital Signature Framework ......................................................................
40.1. Maven settings ..............................................................................................
40.2. Signing API ...................................................................................................
40.2.1. @Signed annotation ...........................................................................
40.3. Signature Verification API ..............................................................................
40.3.1. Annotation-based verification ...............................................................
40.4. Managing Keys via a KeyRepository ..............................................................
40.4.1. Create a KeyStore ..............................................................................
40.4.2. Configure Restreasy to use the KeyRepository .....................................
40.4.3. Using DNS to Discover Public Keys .....................................................
167
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41. Body Encryption and Signing via SMIME ..............................................................
41.1. Maven settings ..............................................................................................
41.2. Message Body Encryption .............................................................................
41.3. Message Body Signing ..................................................................................
41.4. application/pkcs7-signature ............................................................................
42. EJB Integration ......................................................................................................
43. Spring Integration ..................................................................................................
44. CDI Integration .......................................................................................................
44.1. Using CDI beans as JAX-RS components ......................................................
44.2. Default scopes ..............................................................................................
44.3. Configuration within WildFly ...........................................................................
44.4. Configuration with different distributions ..........................................................
45. Seam Integration ....................................................................................................
46. Guice 3.0 Integration ..............................................................................................
46.1. Request Scope .............................................................................................
46.2. Binding JAX-RS utilities .................................................................................
46.3. Configuring Stage .........................................................................................
46.4. Custom Injector creation ................................................................................
47. Resteasy Client API ...............................................................................................
47.1. JAX-RS 2.0 Client API ...................................................................................
47.2. Resteasy Proxy Framework ...........................................................................
47.3. Apache HTTP Client 4.x and other backends ..................................................
48. AJAX Client ............................................................................................................
48.1. Generated JavaScript API ..............................................................................
48.1.1. JavaScript API servlet .........................................................................
48.1.2. JavaScript API usage .........................................................................
48.1.3. Work with @Form ..............................................................................
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48.1.4. MIME types and unmarshalling. ........................................................... 221
48.1.5. MIME types and marshalling. .............................................................. 223
48.2. Using the JavaScript API to build AJAX queries ..............................................
48.2.1. The REST object ................................................................................
48.2.2. The REST.Request class ....................................................................
48.3. Caching Features ..........................................................................................
49. RESTEasy WADL Support .....................................................................................
49.1. RESTEasy WADL Support for Servlet Container .............................................
49.2. RESTEasy WADL support for Sun JDK HTTP Server ......................................
49.3. RESTEasy WADL support for Netty Container ................................................
49.4. RESTEasy WADL Support for Undertow Container .........................................
50. Validation ...............................................................................................................
50.1. Violation reporting .........................................................................................
50.2. Validation Service Providers ..........................................................................
51. Internationalization and Localization .....................................................................
51.1. Internationalization .........................................................................................
51.2. Localization ...................................................................................................
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Maven and RESTEasy ............................................................................................
Deprecated Security Modules ................................................................................
Documentation Support .........................................................................................
Migration to Resteasy 3.1 ......................................................................................
55.1. Upgrading with Resteasy 3 API ......................................................................
55.2. Upgrading with Resteasy 2 API ......................................................................
56. Migration from older versions ................................................................................
56.1. Migrating from Resteasy 2 to Resteasy 3 .......................................................
56.2. Migrating to 3.0.17 ........................................................................................
56.3. Migrating from 3.0.13 to 3.0.14 ......................................................................
56.4. Migrating from 3.0.12 to 3.0.13 ......................................................................
56.5. Migrating to 3.0.12 ........................................................................................
56.6. Migrating from 3.0.7 to 3.0.9 ..........................................................................
56.7. Migrating from 3.0.6 to 3.0.7 ..........................................................................
56.8. Migrating from 3.0 to 3.0.4 .............................................................................
56.9. Migrating from 3.0-beta-6 and 3.0-rc-1 ............................................................
56.10. Migrating from 3.0-beta-5 and 3.0-beta-6 ......................................................
56.11. Migrating from 3.0-beta-4 and 3.0-beta-5 ......................................................
56.12. Migrating from 3.0-beta-2 and 3.0-beta-4 ......................................................
56.13. Migrating from 3.0-beta-1 and 3.0-beta-2 ......................................................
56.14. Migrating from 2.x to 3.0-beta-1 ...................................................................
56.15. Migrating from 2.3.2 to 2.3.3 ........................................................................
56.16. Migrating from 2.3.0 to 2.3.1 ........................................................................
56.17. Migrating from 2.2.x to 2.3 ...........................................................................
56.18. Migrating from 2.2.0 to 2.2.1 ........................................................................
56.19. Migrating from 2.1.x to 2.2 ...........................................................................
56.20. Migrating from 2.0.x to 2.1 ...........................................................................
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RESTEasy JAX-RS
56.21. Migrating from 1.2.x to 2.0 ........................................................................... 261
56.22. Migrating from 1.2.GA to 1.2.1.GA ................................................................ 261
56.23. Migrating from 1.1 to 1.2 .............................................................................. 261
57. Books You Can Read ............................................................................................. 263
viii
Preface
Commercial development support, production support and training for RESTEasy JAX-RS is
available through JBoss, a division of Red Hat Inc. (see http://www.jboss.com/).
In some of the example listings, what is meant to be displayed on one line does not fit inside the
available page width. These lines have been broken up. A '\' at the end of a line means that a
break has been introduced to fit in the page, with the following lines indented. So:
Let's pretend to have an extremely \
long line that \
does not fit
This one is short
Is really:
Let's pretend to have an extremely long line that does not fit
This one is short
ix
x
Chapter 1.
Chapter 1. Overview
JAX-RS 2.0, JSR-339, is a new JCP specification that provides a Java API for RESTful Web
Services over the HTTP protocol. Resteasy is an portable implementation of this specification
which can run in any Servlet container. Tighter integration with WildFly application server is
also available to make the user experience nicer in that environment. Resteasy also comes with
additional features on top of plain JAX-RS functionalities.
1
2
Chapter 2.
Chapter 2. License
RESTEasy is distributed under the ASL 2.0 license. It does not distribute any thirdparty libraries
that are GPL. It does ship thirdparty libraries licensed under Apache ASL 2.0 and LGPL.
3
4
Chapter 3.
Chapter 3. Installation/
Configuration
Resteasy is installed and configured in different ways depending on which environment you are
running in. If you are running in WildFly, Resteasy is already bundled and integrated completely
so there is very little you have to do. If you are running in a different environment, there is some
manual installation and configuration you will have to do.
3.1. Resteasy modules in WildFly
In WildFly, Resteasy and the JAX-RS 2.0 API are automatically loaded into your deployment's
classpath if and only if you are deploying a JAX-RS application (as determined by the presence
of JAX-RS annotations). However, only some Resteasy features are automatically loaded. See
Table 3.1. If you need any of those libraries which are not loaded automatically, you'll have bring
them in with a jboss-deployment-structure.xml file in the WEB-INF directory of your WAR file.
Here's an example:
The services attribute must be set to "import" for modules that have default providers in a METAINF/services/javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers file.
The following table specifies which of the Resteasy modules currently shipped with WildFly are
loaded by default when JAX-RS services are deployed and which aren't.
Table 3.1.
Module Name
Loaded by Default
Description
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyatom-provider
yes
Resteasy's atom library
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasycdi
yes
Resteasy CDI integration
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasycrypto
yes
S/MIME, DKIM, and support
for other security formats.
5
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
Module Name
Loaded by Default
Description
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjackson-provider
no
Integration with the JSON
parser and object mapper
Jackson (deprecated)
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjackson2-provider
yes
Integration with the JSON
parser and object mapper
Jackson 2
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjaxb-provider
yes
XML JAXB integration.
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjaxrs
yes
Core Resteasy libraries for
server and client. You will
need to include this in your
deployment if you are only
using JAX-RS client.
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjettison-provider
no
Alternative JAXB-like parser
for JSON (deprecated)
org.jboss.resteasy.jose-jwt
no
JSON Web Token support.
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjsapi
yes
Resteasy's Javascript API
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyjson-p-provider
yes
JSON parsing API
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasymultipart-provider
yes
Support for multipart formats
org.jboss.resteasy.skeletonkey
no
OAuth2 support.
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyspring
no
Spring provider
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyvalidator-provider-11
yes
Resteasy's
interface
to
Hibernate Bean Validation 1.1
org.jboss.resteasy.resteasyyaml-provider
yes
YAML marshalling
3.1.1. Other Resteasy modules
Not all Resteasy modules are bundled with WildFly. For example, resteasy-fastinfoset-provider
and resteasy-wadl are not included among the modules listed in Section 3.1, “Resteasy modules
in WildFly”. If you want to use them in your application, you can include them in your WAR as
you would if you were deploying outside of WildFly. See Section 3.3, “Deploying to other servlet
containers” for more information.
6
Upgrading Resteasy within WildFly
3.1.2. Upgrading Resteasy within WildFly
Resteasy is bundled with WildFly, but you may want to upgrade Resteasy in WildFly to the
latest version. The Resteasy distribution comes with a zip file called resteasy-jboss-modules.zip. Unzip this file within the modules/system/layers/base/ directory of the WildFly
distribution. This will configure WildFly to use new versions of the modules listed in Section 3.1,
“Resteasy modules in WildFly”.
3.2. Deploying a Resteasy application to WildFly
Resteasy is bundled with WildFly and completely integrated as per the requirements of Java EE
7. You can use it with EJB and CDI and you can rely completely on WildFly to scan for and deploy
your JAX-RS services and providers. All you have to provide is your JAX-RS service and provider
classes packaged within a WAR either as POJOs, CDI beans, or EJBs. A simple way to configure
an application is by simply providing an empty web.xml file. You can of course deploy any custom
servlet, filter or security constraint you want to within your web.xml, but none of them are required:
http://
Also, Resteasy context-params (see Section 3.4, “Configuration switches”) are available if you
want to tweak or turn on/off any specific Resteasy feature.
Since
we're
not
using
a
element,
we
must
define
a
javax.ws.rs.core.Application class (see Section 3.5, “javax.ws.rs.core.Application”) that is
annotated with the javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath annotation. If you return any empty set for
classes and singletons, which is the behavior inherited from Application, your WAR will be
scanned for resource and provider classes as indicated by the presence of JAX-RS annotations.
import javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Application;
@ApplicationPath("/root-path")
public class MyApplication extends Application
{
}
Note. Actually, if the application jar contains an Application class (or a subclass thereof) which
is annotated with an ApplicationPath annotation, a web.xml file isn't even needed. Of course,
7
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
even in this case it can be used to specify additional information such as context parameters.
If there is an Application class but it doesn't have an @ApplicationPath annotation, then a
web.xml file with at least a element is required.
Note. As mentioned in Section 3.1.1, “Other Resteasy modules”, not all Resteasy modules
are bundled with WildFly. For example, resteasy-fastinfoset-provider and resteasy-wadl are not
included among the modules listed in Section 3.1, “Resteasy modules in WildFly”. If you want
to use them in your application, you can include them in your WAR as you would if you were
deploying outside of WildFly. See Section 3.3, “Deploying to other servlet containers” for more
information.
3.3. Deploying to other servlet containers
If you are using Resteasy outside of WildFly, in a standalone servlet container like Tomcat or
Jetty, for example, you will need to include the appropriate Resteasy jars in your WAR file. You
will need the core classes in the resteasy-jaxrs module, and you may need additional facilities like
the resteasy-jaxb-provider module. We strongly suggest that you use Maven to build your WAR
files as Resteasy is split into a bunch of different modules:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-jaxrs
${resteasy.version}
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-jaxb-provider
${resteasy.version}
You can see sample Maven projects in https://github.com/resteasy/resteasy-examples.
If you are not using Maven, you can include the necessary jars by hand. If you download Resteasy
(from http://resteasy.jboss.org/downloads.html, for example) you will get a file like resteasy-jaxrs-all.zip. If you unzip it you will see a lib/ directory that contains the libraries needed by
Resteasy. Copy these, as needed, into your /WEB-INF/lib directory. Place your JAX-RS annotated
class resources and providers within one or more jars within /WEB-INF/lib or your raw class files
within /WEB-INF/classes.
3.3.1. Servlet 3.0 containers
Resteasy uses the ServletContainerInitializer integration interface in Servlet 3.0 containers
to initialize an application, automatically scanning for resources and providers. To enable
automatic scanning, you must also include the resteasy-servlet-initializer artifact in your
WAR file as well:
8
Older servlet containers
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-servlet-initializer
${resteasy.version}
3.3.2. Older servlet containers
The resteasy-servlet-initializer artifact will not work in Servlet versions older than
3.0. You'll then have to manually declare the Resteasy servlet in your WEB-INF/web.xml
file of your WAR project, and you'll have to use an Application class (see Section 3.5,
“javax.ws.rs.core.Application”) which explicitly lists resources and providers. For example:
Archetype Created Web Application
Resteasy
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher
javax.ws.rs.Application
com.restfully.shop.services.ShoppingApplication
Resteasy
/*
The Resteasy servlet is responsible for initializing some basic components of Resteasy.
Note. It is likely that support for pre-3.0 Servlet specifications will be deprecated and eliminated
eventually.
3.4. Configuration switches
Resteasy receives configuration options from elements.
9
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
Table 3.2.
Option Name
Default Value
resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix no default
Description
If the url-pattern for the
Resteasy servlet-mapping is
not /*
resteasy.scan
false
Automatically scan WEB-INF/
lib jars and WEB-INF/classes
directory for both @Provider
and JAX-RS resource classes
(@Path, @GET, @POST
etc..) and register them.
This property is deprecated;
please use a Servlet 3.0
container or higher and
the ResteasyServletInitializer
instead.
resteasy.scan.providers
false
Scan for @Provider classes
and register them. This
property
is
deprecated;
please use a Servlet 3.0
container or higher and
the ResteasyServletInitializer
instead.
resteasy.scan.resources
false
Scan for JAX-RS resource
classes.
This
property
is
deprecated;
please
use
a
Servlet
3.0
container or higher and
the ResteasyServletInitializer
instead.
resteasy.providers
no default
A comma delimited list of
fully qualified @Provider class
names you want to register
resteasy.use.builtin.providers
true
Whether or not to register
default, built-in @Provider
classes
resteasy.resources
no default
A comma delimited list of fully
qualified JAX-RS resource
class names you want to
register
10
Configuration switches
Option Name
Default Value
Description
resteasy.jndi.resources
no default
A comma delimited list of
JNDI names which reference
objects you want to register as
JAX-RS resources
javax.ws.rs.Application
no default
Fully qualified name of
Application class to bootstrap
in a spec portable way
resteasy.media.type.mappings no default
Replaces the need for an
Accept header by mapping
file name extensions (like .xml
or .txt) to a media type. Used
when the client is unable
to use an Accept header to
choose a representation (i.e.
a browser). See Chapter 17,
JAX-RS Content Negotiation
for more details.
resteasy.language.mappings
no default
Replaces the need for an
Accept-Language header by
mapping file name extensions
(like .en or .fr) to a language.
Used when the client is
unable to use an AcceptLanguage header to choose a
language (i.e. a browser). See
Chapter 17, JAX-RS Content
Negotiation for more details.
resteasy.media.type.param.mapping
no default
Names a query parameter that
can be set to an acceptable
media type, enabling content
negotiation without an Accept
header. See Chapter 17, JAXRS Content Negotiation for
more details.
resteasy.role.based.security
false
Enables role based security.
See Chapter 38, Securing
JAX-RS and RESTEasy for
more details.
resteasy.document.expand.entity.references
false
Expand
external
entities
in
org.w3c.dom.Document
11
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
Option Name
Default Value
Description
documents and JAXB object
representations
resteasy.document.secure.processing.feature
true
Impose security constraints in
processing
org.w3c.dom.Document
documents and JAXB object
representations
resteasy.document.secure.disableDTDs
true
Prohibit
DTDs
org.w3c.dom.Document
in
documents and JAXB object
representations
resteasy.wider.request.matchingfalse
Turns off the JAX-RS spec
defined class-level expression
filtering and instead tries to
match version every method's
full path.
resteasy.use.container.form.params
false
Obtain form parameters by
using
HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap().
Use this switch if you are
calling this method within a
servlet filter or eating the input
stream within the filter.
resteasy.rfc7232preconditions false
Enables RFC7232 compliant
HTTP preconditions handling.
resteasy.gzip.max.input
Imposes maximum size on
decompressed gzipped .
10000000
resteasy.secure.random.max.use
100
The number of times a
SecureRandom can be used
before reseeding.
resteasy.buffer.exception.entity true
Upon receiving an exception,
the client side buffers any
response entity before closing
the connection.
resteasy.add.charset
true
If a resource method returns
a text/* or application/xml*
media type without an
explicit charset, Resteasy
will add "charset=UTF-8" to
the returned Content-Type
header. Note that the charset
12
javax.ws.rs.core.Application
Option Name
Default Value
Description
defaults to UTF-8 in this case,
independent of the setting of
this parameter.
Note. The resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix variable must be set if your servletmapping for the Resteasy servlet has a url-pattern other than /*. For example, if the url-pattern is
Resteasy
/restful-services/*
Then the value of resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix must be:
resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix
/restful-services
3.5. javax.ws.rs.core.Application
The javax.ws.rs.core.Application class is a standard JAX-RS class that you may implement
to provide information on your deployment. It is simply a class the lists all JAX-RS root resources
and providers.
/**
* Defines the components of a JAX-RS application and supplies additional
* metadata. A JAX-RS application or implementation supplies a concrete
* subclass of this abstract class.
*/
public abstract class Application
{
private static final Set emptySet = Collections.emptySet();
/**
* Get a set of root resource and provider classes. The default lifecycle
* for resource class instances is per-request. The default lifecycle for
* providers is singleton.
*
* Implementations should warn about and ignore classes that do not
13
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
* conform to the requirements of root resource or provider classes.
* Implementations should warn about and ignore classes for which
* {@link #getSingletons()} returns an instance. Implementations MUST
* NOT modify the returned set.
*
* @return a set of root resource and provider classes. Returning null
* is equivalent to returning an empty set.
*/
public abstract Set> getClasses();
/**
* Get a set of root resource and provider instances. Fields and properties
* of returned instances are injected with their declared dependencies
* (see {@link Context}) by the runtime prior to use.
*
* Implementations should warn about and ignore classes that do not
* conform to the requirements of root resource or provider classes.
* Implementations should flag an error if the returned set includes
* more than one instance of the same class. Implementations MUST
* NOT modify the returned set.
*
* The default implementation returns an empty set.
*
* @return a set of root resource and provider instances. Returning null
* is equivalent to returning an empty set.
*/
public Set getSingletons()
{
return emptySet;
}
}
Note. If your web.xml file does not have a element, you must use an
Application class annotated with @ApplicationPath.
3.6. Resteasy as a ServletContextListener
This section is pretty much deprecated if you are using a Servlet 3.0 container or higher. Skip it
if you are and read the configuration section above on installing in Servlet 3.0. The initialization
of Resteasy can be performed within a ServletContextListener instead of within the Servlet.
You may need this if you are writing custom Listeners that need to interact with Resteasy
at boot time. An example of this is the Resteasy Spring integration that requires a Spring
ServletContextListener. The org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.ResteasyBootstrap class is
a ServletContextListener that configures an instance of an ResteasyProviderFactory and Registry.
You can obtain instances of a ResteasyProviderFactory and Registry from the ServletContext
14
Resteasy as a Servlet Filter
attributes org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyProviderFactory and org.jboss.resteasy.spi.Registry.
From these instances you can programmatically interact with Resteasy registration interfaces.
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.ResteasyBootstrap
Resteasy
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher
Resteasy
/Resteasy/*
3.7. Resteasy as a Servlet Filter
This section is pretty much deprecated if you are using a Servlet 3.0 container or higher. Skip it
if you are and read the configuration section above on installing in Servlet 3.0. The downside of
running Resteasy as a Servlet is that you cannot have static resources like .html and .jpeg files
in the same path as your JAX-RS services. Resteasy allows you to run as a Filter instead. If a
JAX-RS resource is not found under the URL requested, Resteasy will delegate back to the base
servlet container to resolve URLs.
Resteasy
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.FilterDispatcher
javax.ws.rs.Application
15
Chapter 3. Installation/Confi...
com.restfully.shop.services.ShoppingApplication
Resteasy
/*
3.8. Client side
JAX-RS 2.0 conforming implementations such as Resteasy support a client side framework which
simplifies communicating with restful applications. In Resteasy, the minimal set of modules needed
for the client framework consists of resteasy-jaxrs and resteasy-client. You can access them by
way of maven:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-jaxrs
${resteasy.version}
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-client
${resteasy.version}
Other modules, such as resteasy-jaxb-provider, may be brought in as needed.
16
Chapter 4.
Chapter 4. Using @Path and @GET,
@POST, etc.
@Path("/library")
public class Library {
@GET
@Path("/books")
public String getBooks() {...}
@GET
@Path("/book/{isbn}")
public String getBook(@PathParam("isbn") String id) {
// search my database and get a string representation and return it
}
@PUT
@Path("/book/{isbn}")
public void addBook(@PathParam("isbn") String id, @QueryParam("name") String
name) {...}
@DELETE
@Path("/book/{id}")
public void removeBook(@PathParam("id") String id {...}
}
Let's say you have the Resteasy servlet configured and reachable at a root path of http://
myhost.com/services. The requests would be handled by the Library class:
• GET http://myhost.com/services/library/books
• GET http://myhost.com/services/library/book/333
• PUT http://myhost.com/services/library/book/333
• DELETE http://myhost.com/services/library/book/333
The @javax.ws.rs.Path annotation must exist on either the class and/or a resource method. If it
exists on both the class and method, the relative path to the resource method is a concatenation
of the class and method.
In the @javax.ws.rs package there are annotations for each HTTP method. @GET, @POST,
@PUT, @DELETE, and @HEAD. You place these on public methods that you want to map to
17
Chapter 4. Using @Path and @G...
that certain kind of HTTP method. As long as there is a @Path annotation on the class, you do
not have to have a @Path annotation on the method you are mapping. You can have more than
one HTTP method as long as they can be distinguished from other methods.
When you have a @Path annotation on a method without an HTTP method, these are called
JAXRSResourceLocators.
4.1. @Path and regular expression mappings
The @Path annotation is not limited to simple path expressions. You also have the ability to insert
regular expressions into @Path's value. For example:
@Path("/resources)
public class MyResource {
@GET
@Path("{var:.*}/stuff")
public String get() {...}
}
The following GETs will route to the getResource() method:
GET /resources/stuff
GET /resources/foo/stuff
GET /resources/on/and/on/stuff
The format of the expression is:
"{" variable-name [ ":" regular-expression ] "}"
The regular-expression part is optional. When the expression is not provided, it defaults to a
wildcard matching of one particular segment. In regular-expression terms, the expression defaults
to
"([]*)"
For example:
18
@Path and regular expression mappings
@Path("/resources/{var}/stuff")
will match these:
GET /resources/foo/stuff
GET /resources/bar/stuff
but will not match:
GET /resources/a/bunch/of/stuff
19
20
Chapter 5.
Chapter 5. @PathParam
@PathParam is a parameter annotation which allows you to map variable URI path fragments
into your method call.
@Path("/library")
public class Library {
@GET
@Path("/book/{isbn}")
public String getBook(@PathParam("isbn") String id) {
// search my database and get a string representation and return it
}
}
What this allows you to do is embed variable identification within the URIs of your resources. In
the above example, an isbn URI parameter is used to pass information about the book we want to
access. The parameter type you inject into can be any primitive type, a String, or any Java object
that has a constructor that takes a String parameter, or a static valueOf method that takes a String
as a parameter. For example, lets say we wanted isbn to be a real object. We could do:
@GET
@Path("/book/{isbn}")
public String getBook(@PathParam("isbn") ISBN id) {...}
public class ISBN {
public ISBN(String str) {...}
}
Or instead of a public String constructors, have a valueOf method:
public class ISBN {
public static ISBN valueOf(String isbn) {...}
}
21
Chapter 5. @PathParam
5.1. Advanced @PathParam and Regular Expressions
There are a few more complicated uses of @PathParams not discussed in the previous section.
You are allowed to specify one or more path params embedded in one URI segment. Here are
some examples:
1. @Path("/aaa{param}bbb")
2. @Path("/{name}-{zip}")
3. @Path("/foo{name}-{zip}bar")
So, a URI of "/aaa111bbb" would match #1. "/bill-02115" would match #2. "foobill-02115bar" would
match #3.
We discussed before how you can use regular expression patterns within @Path values.
@GET
@Path("/aaa{param:b+}/{many:.*}/stuff")
public String getIt(@PathParam("param") String bs, @PathParam("many") String
many) {...}
For the following requests, lets see what the values of the "param" and "many" @PathParams
would be:
Table 5.1.
Request
param
many
GET /aaabb/some/stuff
bb
some
GET /aaab/a/lot/of/stuff
b
a/lot/of
5.2. @PathParam and PathSegment
The specification has a very simple abstraction for examining a fragment of the URI path being
invoked on javax.ws.rs.core.PathSegment:
public interface PathSegment {
22
@PathParam and PathSegment
/**
* Get the path segment.
*
* @return the path segment
*/
String getPath();
/**
* Get a map of the matrix parameters associated with the path segment
* @return the map of matrix parameters
*/
MultivaluedMap getMatrixParameters();
}
You can have Resteasy inject a PathSegment instead of a value with your @PathParam.
@GET
@Path("/book/{id}")
public String getBook(@PathParam("id") PathSegment id) {...}
This is very useful if you have a bunch of @PathParams that use matrix parameters. The idea
of matrix parameters is that they are an arbitrary set of name-value pairs embedded in a uri path
segment. The PathSegment object gives you access to these parameters. See also MatrixParam.
A matrix parameter example is:
GET http://host.com/library/book;name=EJB 3.0;author=Bill Burke
The basic idea of matrix parameters is that it represents resources that are addressable by their
attributes as well as their raw id.
23
24
Chapter 6.
Chapter 6. @QueryParam
The @QueryParam annotation allows you to map a URI query string parameter or url form
encoded parameter to your method invocation.
GET /books?num=5
@GET
public String getBooks(@QueryParam("num") int num) {
...
}
Currently since Resteasy is built on top of a Servlet, it does not distinguish between URI query
strings or url form encoded parameters. Like PathParam, your parameter type can be an String,
primitive, or class that has a String constructor or static valueOf() method.
25
26
Chapter 7.
Chapter 7. @HeaderParam
The @HeaderParam annotation allows you to map a request HTTP header to your method
invocation.
GET /books?num=5
@GET
public String getBooks(@HeaderParam("From") String from) {
...
}
Like PathParam, your parameter type can be an String, primitive, or class that has a String
constructor or static valueOf() method. For example, MediaType has a valueOf() method and you
could do:
@PUT
public void put(@HeaderParam("Content-Type") MediaType contentType, ...)
27
28
Chapter 8.
Chapter 8. Linking resources
There are two mechanisms available in RESTEasy to link a resource to another, and to
link resources to operations: the Link HTTP header, and Atom links inside the resource
representations.
8.1. Link Headers
RESTEasy
has
both
client
and
server
side
support
for
the
header
specification
[http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-nottingham-http-link-header-06].
the javadocs for org.jboss.resteasy.spi.LinkHeader, org.jboss.resteasy.spi.Link,
org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientResponse.
Link
See
and
The main advantage of Link headers over Atom links in the resource is that those links are
available without parsing the entity body.
8.2. Atom links in the resource representations
RESTEasy allows you to inject Atom links [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287#section-4.2.7] directly
inside the entity objects you are sending to the client, via auto-discovery.
Warning
This is only available when using the Jettison or JAXB providers (for JSON and
XML).
The main advantage over Link headers is that you can have any number of Atom links directly
over the concerned resources, for any number of resources in the response. For example, you
can have Atom links for the root response entity, and also for each of its children entities.
8.2.1. Configuration
There is no configuration required to be able to inject Atom links in your resource representation,
you just have to have this maven artifact in your path:
Table 8.1. Maven artifact for Atom link injection
Group
Artifact
Version
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-links
3.1.3.Final
8.2.2. Your first links injected
You need three things in order to tell RESTEasy to inject Atom links in your entities:
29
Chapter 8. Linking resources
• Annotate the JAX-RS method with @AddLinks to indicate that you want Atom links injected in
your response entity.
• Add RESTServiceDiscovery fields to the resource classes where you want Atom links injected.
• Annotate the JAX-RS methods you want Atom links for with @LinkResource, so that RESTEasy
knows which links to create for which resources.
The following example illustrates how you would declare everything in order to get the Atom links
injected in your book store:
@Path("/")
@Consumes({"application/xml", "application/json"})
@Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"})
public interface BookStore {
@AddLinks
@LinkResource(value = Book.class)
@GET
@Path("books")
public Collection getBooks();
@LinkResource
@POST
@Path("books")
public void addBook(Book book);
@AddLinks
@LinkResource
@GET
@Path("book/{id}")
public Book getBook(@PathParam("id") String id);
@LinkResource
@PUT
@Path("book/{id}")
public void updateBook(@PathParam("id") String id, Book book);
@LinkResource(value = Book.class)
@DELETE
@Path("book/{id}")
public void deleteBook(@PathParam("id") String id);
}
And this is the definition of the Book resource:
30
Your first links injected
@Mapped(namespaceMap = @XmlNsMap(jsonName
www.w3.org/2005/Atom"))
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.NONE)
public class Book {
@XmlAttribute
private String author;
=
"atom",
namespace
=
"http://
@XmlID
@XmlAttribute
private String title;
@XmlElementRef
private RESTServiceDiscovery rest;
}
If you do a GET /order/foo you will then get this XML representation:
And in JSON format:
{
"book":
{
"@title":"foo",
"@author":"bar",
"atom.link":
[
{"@href":"http://localhost:8081/books","@rel":"list"},
{"@href":"http://localhost:8081/books","@rel":"add"},
{"@href":"http://localhost:8081/book/foo","@rel":"self"},
{"@href":"http://localhost:8081/book/foo","@rel":"update"},
{"@href":"http://localhost:8081/book/foo","@rel":"remove"}
]
}
}
31
Chapter 8. Linking resources
8.2.3. Customising how the Atom links are serialised
Because the RESTServiceDiscovery is in fact a JAXB type which inherits from List you are free
to annotate it as you want to customise the JAXB serialisation, or just rely on the default with
@XmlElementRef.
8.2.4. Specifying which JAX-RS methods are tied to which
resources
This is all done by annotating the methods with the @LinkResource annotation. It supports the
following optional parameters:
Table 8.2.
@LinkResource
parameters
Parameter
Type
Function
Default
value
Class
Declares an Atom link Defaults to the entity
for the given type of body
type
(nonresources.
annotated parameter),
or
the
method's
return
type.
This
default
does
not
work with Response
or Collection types,
they need to be
explicitly specified.
rel
String
The Atom link relation list
For GET methods
returning
a
Collection
self
For GET methods
returning a nonCollection
remove
For
DELETE
methods
update
For PUT methods
add
For POST methods
32
Specifying path parameter values for URI templates
You can add several @LinkResource annotations on a single method by enclosing them in a
@LinkResources annotation. This way you can add links to the same method on several resource
types. For example the /order/foo/comments operation can belongs on the Order resource with
the comments relation, and on the Comment resource with the list relation.
8.2.5. Specifying path parameter values for URI templates
When RESTEasy adds links to your resources it needs to insert the right values in the URI
template. This is done either automatically by guessing the list of values from the entity, or by
specifying the values in the @LinkResource pathParameters parameter.
8.2.5.1. Loading URI template values from the entity
URI template values are extracted from the entity from fields or Java Bean properties annotated
with @ResourceID, JAXB's @XmlID or JPA's @Id. If there are more than one URI template value
to find in a given entity, you can annotate your entity with @ResourceIDs to list the names of
fields or properties that make up this entity's Id. If there are other URI template values required
from a parent entity, we try to find that parent in a field or Java Bean property annotated with
@ParentResource. The list of URI template values extracted up every @ParentResource is then
reversed and used as the list of values for the URI template.
For example, let's consider the previous Book example, and a list of comments:
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.NONE)
public class Comment {
@ParentResource
private Book book;
@XmlElement
private String author;
@XmlID
@XmlAttribute
private String id;
@XmlElementRef
private RESTServiceDiscovery rest;
}
Given the previous book store service augmented with comments:
@Path("/")
@Consumes({"application/xml", "application/json"})
@Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"})
public interface BookStore {
33
Chapter 8. Linking resources
@AddLinks
@LinkResources({
@LinkResource(value = Book.class, rel = "comments"),
@LinkResource(value = Comment.class)
})
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public Collection getComments(@PathParam("id") String bookId);
@AddLinks
@LinkResource
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public Comment getComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
@LinkResource
@POST
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public void addComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, Comment comment);
@LinkResource
@PUT
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void updateComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
@LinkResource(Comment.class)
@DELETE
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void deleteComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
}
Whenever we need to make links for a Book entity, we look up the ID in the Book's @XmlID property.
Whenever we make links for Comment entities, we have a list of values taken from the Comment's
@XmlID and its @ParentResource: the Book and its @XmlID.
For a Comment with id "1" on a Book with title "foo" we will therefore get a list of URI template
values of {"foo", "1"}, to be replaced in the URI template, thus obtaining either "/book/foo/
comments" or "/book/foo/comment/1".
8.2.5.2. Specifying path parameters manually
If you do not want to annotate your entities with resource ID annotations (@ResourceID,
@ResourceIDs, @XmlID or @Id) and @ParentResource, you can also specify the URI template
values inside the @LinkResource annotation, using Unified Expression Language expressions:
Table 8.3.
34
Specifying path parameter values for URI templates
@LinkResource
URI template parameter
Parameter
Type
Function
Default
pathParameters
String[]
Declares a list of UEL
expressions to obtain
the URI template
values.
Defaults
to
@ResourceID,
using
@ResourceIDs,
@XmlID or @Id and
@ParentResource
annotations to extract
the values from the
model.
The UEL expressions are evaluated in the context of the entity, which means that any unqualified
variable will be taken as a property for the entity itself, with the special variable this bound to
the entity we're generating links for.
The previous example of Comment service could be declared as such:
@Path("/")
@Consumes({"application/xml", "application/json"})
@Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"})
public interface BookStore {
@AddLinks
@LinkResources({
@LinkResource(value = Book.class, rel = "comments", pathParameters = "${title}"),
@LinkResource(value = Comment.class, pathParameters = {"${book.title}", "${id}"})
})
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public Collection getComments(@PathParam("id") String bookId);
@AddLinks
@LinkResource(pathParameters = {"${book.title}", "${id}"})
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public Comment getComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
@LinkResource(pathParameters = {"${book.title}", "${id}"})
@POST
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public void addComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, Comment comment);
@LinkResource(pathParameters = {"${book.title}", "${id}"})
@PUT
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void updateComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
35
Chapter 8. Linking resources
@LinkResource(Comment.class, pathParameters = {"${book.title}", "${id}"})
@DELETE
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void deleteComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
}
8.2.6. Securing entities
You can restrict which links are injected in the resource based on security restrictions for the client,
so that if the current client doesn't have permission to delete a resource he will not be presented
with the "delete" link relation.
Security restrictions can either be specified on the @LinkResource annotation, or using RESTEasy
and EJB's security annotation @RolesAllowed on the JAX-RS method.
Table 8.4.
@LinkResource
security restrictions
Parameter
Type
Function
Default
constraint
String
A UEL expression Defaults to using
which must evaluate @RolesAllowed from
to true to inject this the JAX-RS method.
method's link in the
response entity.
8.2.7. Extending the UEL context
We've seen that both the URI template values and the security constraints of @LinkResource use
UEL to evaluate expressions, and we provide a basic UEL context with access only to the entity
we're injecting links in, and nothing more.
If you want to add more variables or functions in this context, you can by adding a
@LinkELProvider annotation on the JAX-RS method, its class, or its package. This annotation's
value should point to a class that implements the ELProvider interface, which wraps the default
ELContext in order to add any missing functions.
For example, if you want to support the Seam annotation s:hasPermission(target,
permission) in your security constraints, you can add a package-info.java file like this:
@LinkELProvider(SeamELProvider.class)
package org.jboss.resteasy.links.test;
import org.jboss.resteasy.links.*;
36
Extending the UEL context
With the following provider implementation:
package org.jboss.resteasy.links.test;
import
import
import
import
javax.el.ELContext;
javax.el.ELResolver;
javax.el.FunctionMapper;
javax.el.VariableMapper;
import org.jboss.seam.el.SeamFunctionMapper;
import org.jboss.resteasy.links.ELProvider;
public class SeamELProvider implements ELProvider {
public ELContext getContext(final ELContext ctx) {
return new ELContext() {
private SeamFunctionMapper functionMapper;
@Override
public ELResolver getELResolver() {
return ctx.getELResolver();
}
@Override
public FunctionMapper getFunctionMapper() {
if (functionMapper == null)
functionMapper = new SeamFunctionMapper(ctx
.getFunctionMapper());
return functionMapper;
}
@Override
public VariableMapper getVariableMapper() {
return ctx.getVariableMapper();
}
};
}
}
And then use it as such:
@Path("/")
@Consumes({"application/xml", "application/json"})
@Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"})
37
Chapter 8. Linking resources
public interface BookStore {
@AddLinks
@LinkResources({
@LinkResource(value=Book.class,rel="comments",constraint="${s:hasPermission(this,
'add-comment')}"),
@LinkResource(value = Comment.class, constraint = "${s:hasPermission(this,
'insert')}")
})
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public Collection getComments(@PathParam("id") String bookId);
@AddLinks
@LinkResource(constraint = "${s:hasPermission(this, 'read')}")
@GET
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public Comment getComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
@LinkResource(constraint = "${s:hasPermission(this, 'insert')}")
@POST
@Path("book/{id}/comments")
public void addComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, Comment comment);
@LinkResource(constraint = "${s:hasPermission(this, 'update')}")
@PUT
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void updateComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
@LinkResource(Comment.class, constraint = "${s:hasPermission(this,
'delete')}")
@DELETE
@Path("book/{id}/comment/{cid}")
public void deleteComment(@PathParam("id") String bookId, @PathParam("cid") String commentI
}
8.2.8. Resource facades
Sometimes it is useful to add resources which are just containers or layers on other resources. For
example if you want to represent a collection of Comment with a start index and a certain number
of entries, in order to implement paging. Such a collection is not really an entity in your model, but
it should obtain the "add" and "list" link relations for the Comment entity.
This is possible using resource facades. A resource facade is a resource which implements the
ResourceFacade interface for the type T, and as such, should receive all links for that type.
38
Resource facades
Since in most cases the instance of the T type is not directly available in the resource facade,
we need another way to extract its URI template values, and this is done by calling the resource
facade's pathParameters() method to obtain a map of URI template values by name. This map
will be used to fill in the URI template values for any link generated for T, if there are enough
values in the map.
Here is an example of such a resource facade for a collection of Comments:
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.NONE)
public class ScrollableCollection implements ResourceFacade {
private String bookId;
@XmlAttribute
private int start;
@XmlAttribute
private int totalRecords;
@XmlElement
private List comments = new ArrayList();
@XmlElementRef
private RESTServiceDiscovery rest;
public Class facadeFor() {
return Comment.class;
}
public Map pathParameters() {
HashMap map = new HashMap();
map.put("id", bookId);
return map;
}
}
This will produce such an XML collection:
great book
terrible book
40
Chapter 9.
Chapter 9. @MatrixParam
The idea of matrix parameters is that they are an arbitrary set of name-value pairs embedded in
a uri path segment. A matrix parameter example is:
GET http://host.com/library/book;name=EJB 3.0;author=Bill Burke
The basic idea of matrix parameters is that it represents resources that are addressable by their
attributes as well as their raw id. The @MatrixParam annotation allows you to inject URI matrix
parameters into your method invocation
@GET
public String getBook(@MatrixParam("name") String name, @MatrixParam("author")
String author) {...}
There is one big problem with @MatrixParam that the current version of the specification does
not resolve. What if the same MatrixParam exists twice in different path segments? In this case,
right now, its probably better to use PathParam combined with PathSegment.
41
42
Chapter 10.
Chapter 10. @CookieParam
The @CookieParam annotation allows you to inject the value of a cookie or an object
representation of an HTTP request cookie into your method invocation
GET /books?num=5
@GET
public String getBooks(@CookieParam("sessionid") int id) {
...
}
@GET
public
{...}
String
getBooks(@CookieParam("sessionid")
javax.ws.rs.core.Cookie
id)
Like PathParam, your parameter type can be an String, primitive, or class that has a String
constructor or static valueOf() method. You can also get an object representation of the cookie
via the javax.ws.rs.core.Cookie class.
43
44
Chapter 11.
Chapter 11. @FormParam
When the input request body is of the type "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", a.k.a. an HTML
Form, you can inject individual form parameters from the request body into method parameter
values.
If you post through that form, this is what the service might look like:
@Path("/")
public class NameRegistry {
@Path("/resources/service")
@POST
public
void
addName(@FormParam("firstname")
@FormParam("lastname") String last) {...}
String
first,
You cannot combine @FormParam with the default "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" that
unmarshalls to a MultivaluedMap. i.e. This is illegal:
@Path("/")
public class NameRegistry {
@Path("/resources/service")
@POST
@Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
public
void
addName(@FormParam("firstname")
MultivaluedMap form) {...}
String
first,
45
46
Chapter 12.
Chapter 12. @Form
This is a RESTEasy specific annotation that allows you to re-use any @*Param annotation
within an injected class. RESTEasy will instantiate the class and inject values into any annotated
@*Param or @Context property. This is useful if you have a lot of parameters on your method
and you want to condense them into a value object.
public class MyForm {
@FormParam("stuff")
private int stuff;
@HeaderParam("myHeader")
private String header;
@PathParam("foo")
public void setFoo(String foo) {...}
}
@POST
@Path("/myservice")
public void post(@Form MyForm form) {...}
When somebody posts to /myservice, RESTEasy will instantiate an instance of MyForm and inject
the form parameter "stuff" into the "stuff" field, the header "myheader" into the header field, and
call the setFoo method with the path param variable of "foo".
Also, @Form has some expanded @FormParam features. If you specify a prefix within the Form
param, this will prepend a prefix to any form parameter lookup. For example, let's say you have
one Address class, but want to reference invoice and shipping addresses from the same set of
form parameters:
public static class Person
{
@FormParam("name")
private String name;
@Form(prefix = "invoice")
private Address invoice;
47
Chapter 12. @Form
@Form(prefix = "shipping")
private Address shipping;
}
public static class Address
{
@FormParam("street")
private String street;
}
@Path("person")
public static class MyResource
{
@POST
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
public String post(@Form Person p)
{
return p.toString();
}
}
In this example, the client could send the following form parameters:
name=bill
invoice.street=xxx
shipping.street=yyy
The Person.invoice and Person.shipping fields would be populated appropriately. Also, prefix
mappings also support lists and maps:
public static class Person {
@Form(prefix="telephoneNumbers") List telephoneNumbers;
@Form(prefix="address") Map addresses;
}
public static class TelephoneNumber {
@FormParam("countryCode") private String countryCode;
@FormParam("number") private String number;
}
public static class Address {
@FormParam("street") private String street;
@FormParam("houseNumber") private String houseNumber;
48
}
@Path("person")
public static class MyResource {
@POST
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
public void post (@Form Person p) {}
The following form params could be submitted and the Person.telephoneNumbers and
Person.addresses fields would be populated appropriately
request.addFormHeader("telephoneNumbers[0].countryCode", "31");
request.addFormHeader("telephoneNumbers[0].number", "0612345678");
request.addFormHeader("telephoneNumbers[1].countryCode", "91");
request.addFormHeader("telephoneNumbers[1].number", "9717738723");
request.addFormHeader("address[INVOICE].street", "Main Street");
request.addFormHeader("address[INVOICE].houseNumber", "2");
request.addFormHeader("address[SHIPPING].street", "Square One");
request.addFormHeader("address[SHIPPING].houseNumber", "13");
49
50
Chapter 13.
Chapter 13. @DefaultValue
@DefaultValue is a parameter annotation that can be combined with any of the other @*Param
annotations to define a default value when the HTTP request item does not exist.
@GET
public String getBooks(@QueryParam("num") @DefaultValue("10") int num) {...}
51
52
Chapter 14.
Chapter 14. @Encoded and
encoding
JAX-RS allows you to get encoded or decoded @*Params and specify path definitions and
parameter names using encoded or decoded strings.
The @javax.ws.rs.Encoded annotation can be used on a class, method, or param. By default,
inject @PathParam and @QueryParams are decoded. By additionally adding the @Encoded
annotation, the value of these params will be provided in encoded form.
@Path("/")
public class MyResource {
@Path("/{param}")
@GET
public String get(@PathParam("param") @Encoded String param) {...}
}
In the above example, the value of the @PathParam injected into the param of the get() method
will be URL encoded. Adding the @Encoded annotation as a paramater annotation triggers this
affect.
You may also use the @Encoded annotation on the entire method and any combination of
@QueryParam or @PathParam's values will be encoded.
@Path("/")
public class MyResource {
@Path("/{param}")
@GET
@Encoded
public String get(@QueryParam("foo") String foo, @PathParam("param") String
param) {}
}
In the above example, the values of the "foo" query param and "param" path param will be injected
as encoded values.
You can also set the default to be encoded for the entire class.
53
Chapter 14. @Encoded and encoding
@Path("/")
@Encoded
public class ClassEncoded {
@GET
public String get(@QueryParam("foo") String foo) {}
}
The @Path annotation has an attribute called encode. Controls whether the literal part of the
supplied value (those characters that are not part of a template variable) are URL encoded. If true,
any characters in the URI template that are not valid URI character will be automatically encoded.
If false then all characters must be valid URI characters. By default this is set to true. If you want
to encoded the characters yourself, you may.
@Path(value="hello%20world", encode=false)
Much like @Path.encode(), this controls whether the specified query param name should be
encoded by the container before it tries to find the query param in the request.
@QueryParam(value="hello%20world", encode=false)
54
Chapter 15.
Chapter 15. @Context
The @Context annotation allows you to inject instances of
• javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders
• javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo
• javax.ws.rs.core.Request
• javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
• javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
• javax.servlet.ServletConfig
• javax.servlet.ServletContext
• javax.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext
objects.
55
56
Chapter 16.
Chapter 16. JAX-RS Resource
Locators and Sub Resources
Resource classes are able to partially process a request and provide another "sub" resource object
that can process the remainder of the request. For example:
@Path("/")
public class ShoppingStore {
@Path("/customers/{id}")
public Customer getCustomer(@PathParam("id") int id) {
Customer cust = ...; // Find a customer object
return cust;
}
}
public class Customer {
@GET
public String get() {...}
@Path("/address")
public String getAddress() {...}
}
Resource methods that have a @Path annotation, but no HTTP method are considered subresource locators. Their job is to provide an object that can process the request. In the above
example ShoppingStore is a root resource because its class is annotated with @Path. The
getCustomer() method is a sub-resource locator method.
If the client invoked:
GET /customer/123
The ShoppingStore.getCustomer() method would be invoked first. This method provides a
Customer object that can service the request. The http request will be dispatched to the
Customer.get() method. Another example is:
GET /customer/123/address
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Chapter 16. JAX-RS Resource L...
In this request, again, first the ShoppingStore.getCustomer() method is invoked. A customer object
is returned, and the rest of the request is dispatched to the Customer.getAddress() method.
Another interesting feature of Sub-resource locators is that the locator method result is
dynamically processed at runtime to figure out how to dispatch the request. So, the
ShoppingStore.getCustomer() method does not have to declare any specific type.
@Path("/")
public class ShoppingStore {
@Path("/customers/{id}")
public java.lang.Object getCustomer(@PathParam("id") int id) {
Customer cust = ...; // Find a customer object
return cust;
}
}
public class Customer {
@GET
public String get() {...}
@Path("/address")
public String getAddress() {...}
}
In the above example, getCustomer() returns a java.lang.Object. Per request, at runtime, the
JAX-RS server will figure out how to dispatch the request based on the object returned by
getCustomer(). What are the uses of this? Well, maybe you have a class hierarchy for your
customers. Customer is the abstract base, CorporateCustomer and IndividualCustomer are
subclasses. Your getCustomer() method might be doing a Hibernate polymorphic query and
doesn't know, or care, what concrete class is it querying for, or what it returns.
@Path("/")
public class ShoppingStore {
@Path("/customers/{id}")
public java.lang.Object getCustomer(@PathParam("id") int id) {
Customer cust = entityManager.find(Customer.class, id);
return cust;
}
}
58
public class Customer {
@GET
public String get() {...}
@Path("/address")
public String getAddress() {...}
}
public class CorporateCustomer extends Customer {
@Path("/businessAddress")
public String getAddress() {...}
}
59
60
Chapter 17.
Chapter 17. JAX-RS Content
Negotiation
The HTTP protocol has built in content negotiation headers that allow the client and server to
specify what content they are transferring and what content they would prefer to get. The server
declares content preferences via the @Produces and @Consumes headers.
@Consumes is an array of media types that a particular resource or resource method consumes.
For example:
@Consumes("text/*")
@Path("/library")
public class Library {
@POST
public String stringBook(String book) {...}
@Consumes("text/xml")
@POST
public String jaxbBook(Book book) {...}
}
When a client makes a request, JAX-RS first finds all methods that match the path, then, it sorts
things based on the content-type header sent by the client. So, if a client sent:
POST /library
Content-Type: text/plain
This is a nice book
The stringBook() method would be invoked because it matches to the default "text/*" media type.
Now, if the client instead sends XML:
POST /library
Content-Type: text/xml
Archetype Created Web Application
resteasy.media.type.mappings
html : text/html, json : application/json, xml : application/
xml
resteasy.language.mappings
en : en-US, es : es, fr : fr
...
Mappings are a comma delimited list of suffix/mediatype or suffix/language mappings. Each
mapping is delimited by a ':'. So, if you invoked GET /foo/bar.xml.en, this would be equivalent to
invoking the following request:
GET /foo/bar
Accept: application/xml
Accept-Language: en-US
The mapped file suffixes are stripped from the target URL path before the request is dispatched
to a corresponding JAX-RS resource.
17.2. Query String Parameter-based negotiation
RESTEasy can do content negotiation based in a parameter in query string. To enable this, the
web.xml can be configured like follow:
Archetype Created Web Application
resteasy.media.type.param.mapping
someName
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Chapter 17. JAX-RS Content Ne...
...
The param-value is the name of the query string parameter that RESTEasy will use in the place
of the Accept header.
Invoking http://service.foo.com/resouce?someName=application/xml, will give the application/xml
media type the highest priority in the content negotiation.
In cases where the request contains both the parameter and the Accept header, the parameter
will be more relevant.
It is possible to left the param-value empty, what will cause the processor to look for a parameter
named 'accept'.
64
Chapter 18.
Chapter 18. Content Marshalling/
Providers
18.1. Default Providers and default JAX-RS Content
Marshalling
Resteasy can automatically marshal and unmarshal a few different message bodies.
Table 18.1.
Media Types
Java Type
application/*+xml, text/*+xml, application/* JaxB annotated classes
+json, application/*+fastinfoset, application/
atom+*
application/*+xml, text/*+xml
org.w3c.dom.Document
*/*
java.lang.String
*/*
java.io.InputStream
text/plain
primitives, java.lang.String, or any type
that has a String constructor, or static
valueOf(String) method for input, toString() for
output
*/*
javax.activation.DataSource
*/*
java.io.File
*/*
byte[]
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap
Note. When a java.io.File is created, as in
@Path("/test")
public class TempFileDeletionResource
{
@POST
@Path("post")
public Response post(File file) throws Exception
{
return Response.ok(file.getPath()).build();
}
}
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Chapter 18. Content Marshalli...
a temporary file is created in the file system. On the server side, that temporary file will be deleted
at the end of the invocation. On the client side, however, it is the responsibility of the user to delete
the temporary file.
18.2. Content Marshalling with @Provider classes
The JAX-RS specification allows you to plug in your own request/response body reader and
writers. To do this, you annotate a class with @Provider and specify the @Produces types for
a writer and @Consumes types for a reader. You must also implement a MessageBodyReader/
Writer interface respectively. Here is an example:
@Provider
@Produces("text/plain")
@Consumes("text/plain")
public class DefaultTextPlain
MessageBodyWriter {
implements
MessageBodyReader,
public boolean isReadable(Class type, Type genericType, Annotation[]
annotations, MediaType mediaType) {
// StringTextStar should pick up strings
return
!String.class.equals(type)
&&
TypeConverter.isConvertable(type);
}
public Object readFrom(Class type, Type genericType,
Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType, MultivaluedMap httpHeaders,
InputStream entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
InputStream delegate = NoContent.noContentCheck(httpHeaders,
entityStream);
String value = ProviderHelper.readString(delegate, mediaType);
return TypeConverter.getType(type, value);
}
public boolean isWriteable(Class type, Type genericType, Annotation[]
annotations, MediaType mediaType) {
// StringTextStar should pick up strings
return !String.class.equals(type) && !type.isArray();
}
public long getSize(Object o, Class type, Type genericType, Annotation[]
annotations, MediaType mediaType) {
String charset = mediaType.getParameters().get("charset");
if (charset != null)
66
Providers Utility Class
try {
return o.toString().getBytes(charset).length;
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// Use default encoding.
}
return o.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length;
}
public void writeTo(Object o, Class type, Type genericType, Annotation[]
annotations, MediaType mediaType, MultivaluedMap httpHeaders, OutputStream
entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
String charset = mediaType.getParameters().get("charset");
if
(charset
==
null)
entityStream.write(o.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
else entityStream.write(o.toString().getBytes(charset));
}
}
The Resteasy ServletContextLoader will automatically scan your WEB-INF/lib and classes
directories for classes annotated with @Provider or you can manually configure them in web.xml.
See Installation/Configuration.
18.3. Providers Utility Class
javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers is a simple injectable interface that allows you to look up
MessageBodyReaders, Writers, ContextResolvers, and ExceptionMappers. It is very useful, for
instance, for implementing multipart providers. Content types that embed other random content
types.
public interface Providers
{
/**
* Get a message body reader that matches a set of criteria. The set of
* readers is first filtered by comparing the supplied value of
* {@code mediaType} with the value of each reader's
* {@link javax.ws.rs.Consumes}, ensuring the supplied value of
* {@code type} is assignable to the generic type of the reader, and
* eliminating those that do not match.
* The list of matching readers is then ordered with those with the best
* matching values of {@link javax.ws.rs.Consumes} (x/y > x/* > */*)
* sorted first. Finally, the
* {@link MessageBodyReader#isReadable}
* method is called on each reader in order using the supplied criteria and
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Chapter 18. Content Marshalli...
* the first reader that returns {@code true} is selected and returned.
*
* @param type
the class of object that is to be written.
* @param mediaType
the media type of the data that will be read.
* @param genericType the type of object to be produced. E.g. if the
*
message body is to be converted into a method
parameter, this will be
*
the formal type of the method parameter as returned by
*
Class.getGenericParameterTypes.
* @param annotations an array of the annotations on the declaration of the
*
artifact that will be initialized with the produced
instance. E.g. if the
*
message body is to be converted into a method
parameter, this will be
*
the annotations on that parameter returned by
*
Class.getParameterAnnotations.
* @return a MessageBodyReader that matches the supplied criteria or null
*
if none is found.
*/
MessageBodyReader getMessageBodyReader(Class type,
Type genericType, Annotation
annotations[], MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Get a message body writer that matches a set of criteria. The set of
* writers is first filtered by comparing the supplied value of
* {@code mediaType} with the value of each writer's
* {@link javax.ws.rs.Produces}, ensuring the supplied value of
* {@code type} is assignable to the generic type of the reader, and
* eliminating those that do not match.
* The list of matching writers is then ordered with those with the best
* matching values of {@link javax.ws.rs.Produces} (x/y > x/* > */*)
* sorted first. Finally, the
* {@link MessageBodyWriter#isWriteable}
* method is called on each writer in order using the supplied criteria and
* the first writer that returns {@code true} is selected and returned.
*
* @param mediaType
the media type of the data that will be written.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
68
@param type
the class of object that is to be written.
@param genericType the type of object to be written. E.g. if the
message body is to be produced from a field, this
the declared type of the field as returned by
Field.getGenericType.
@param annotations an array of the annotations on the declaration
artifact that will be written. E.g. if the
message body is to be produced from a field, this
the annotations on that field returned by
Field.getDeclaredAnnotations.
@return a MessageBodyReader that matches the supplied criteria or
will be
of the
will be
null
Providers Utility Class
*
if none is found.
*/
MessageBodyWriter getMessageBodyWriter(Class type,
Type genericType, Annotation
annotations[], MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Get an exception mapping provider for a particular class of exception.
* Returns the provider whose generic type is the nearest superclass of
* {@code type}.
*
* @param type the class of exception
* @return an {@link ExceptionMapper} for the supplied type or null if none
*
is found.
*/
ExceptionMapper getExceptionMapper(Class type);
/**
* Get a context resolver for a particular type of context and media type.
* The set of resolvers is first filtered by comparing the supplied value of
* {@code mediaType} with the value of each resolver's
* {@link javax.ws.rs.Produces}, ensuring the generic type of the context
* resolver is assignable to the supplied value of {@code contextType}, and
* eliminating those that do not match. If only one resolver matches the
* criteria then it is returned. If more than one resolver matches then the
* list of matching resolvers is ordered with those with the best
* matching values of {@link javax.ws.rs.Produces} (x/y > x/* > */*)
* sorted first. A proxy is returned that delegates calls to
* {@link ContextResolver#getContext(java.lang.Class)} to each matching context
* resolver in order and returns the first non-null value it obtains or null
* if all matching context resolvers return null.
*
* @param contextType the class of context desired
* @param mediaType
the media type of data for which a context is required.
* @return a matching context resolver instance or null if no matching
*
context providers are found.
*/
ContextResolver getContextResolver(Class contextType,
MediaType mediaType);
}
A Providers instance is injectable into MessageBodyReader or Writers:
@Provider
@Consumes("multipart/fixed")
public class MultipartProvider implements MessageBodyReader {
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Chapter 18. Content Marshalli...
private @Context Providers providers;
...
}
18.4. Configuring Document Marshalling
XML document parsers are subject to a form of attack known as the XXE (Xml eXternal
Entity) Attack (http://www.securiteam.com/securitynews/6D0100A5PU.html), in which expanding
an external entity causes an unsafe file to be loaded. For example, the document
]>
bill
&xxe;
could cause the passwd file to be loaded.
By default, Resteasy's built-in unmarshaller for org.w3c.dom.Document documents will not
expand external entities, replacing them by the empty string instead. It can be configured to
replace external entities by values defined in the DTD by setting the context parameter
to "true" in the web.xml file:
resteasy.document.expand.entity.references
true
Another way of dealing with the problem is by prohibiting DTDs, which Resteasy does by default.
This behavior can be changed by setting the context parameter
to "false".
Documents are also subject to Denial of Service Attacks when buffers are overrun by large entities
or too many attributes. For example, if a DTD defined the following entities
70
Text media types and character sets
foo1 '&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;&foo;'>
foo2 '&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;&foo1;'>
foo3 '&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;&foo2;'>
foo4 '&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;&foo3;'>
foo5 '&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;&foo4;'>
foo6 '&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;&foo5;'>
then the expansion of &foo6; would result in 1,000,000 foos. By default, Resteasy will limit the
number of expansions and the number of attributes per entity. The exact behavior depends on
the underlying parser. The limits can be turned off by setting the context parameter
to "false".
18.5. Text media types and character sets
The JAX-RS specification says
When writing responses, implementations SHOULD respect application-supplied
character
set metadata and SHOULD use UTF-8 if a character set is not specified by the
application
or if the application specifies a character set that is unsupported.
On the other hand, the HTTP specification says
When no explicit charset parameter is provided by the sender, media subtypes
of the
"text" type are defined to have a default charset value of "ISO-8859-1" when
received
via HTTP. Data in character sets other than "ISO-8859-1" or its subsets MUST
be labeled
with an appropriate charset value.
It follows that, in the absence of a character set specified by a resource or resource method,
Resteasy SHOULD use UTF-8 as the character set for text media types, and, if it does, it MUST
add an explicit charset parameter to the Content-Type response header. Resteasy started adding
the explicit charset parameter in releases 3.1.2.Final and 3.0.22.Final, and that new behavior
could cause some compatibility problems. To specify the previous behavior, in which UTF-8 was
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Chapter 18. Content Marshalli...
used for text media types, but the explicit charset was not appended, the context parameter
"resteasy.add.charset" may be set to "false". It defaults to "true".
Note. By "text" media types, we mean
• a media type with type "text" and any subtype;
• a media type with type ""application" and subtype beginning with "xml".
The latter set includes "application/xml-external-parsed-entity" and "application/xml-dtd".
72
Chapter 19.
Chapter 19. JAXB providers
As required by the specification, RESTEasy JAX-RS includes support for (un)marshalling
JAXB annotated classes. RESTEasy provides multiple JAXB Providers to address some subtle
differences between classes generated by XJC and classes which are simply annotated with
@XmlRootElement, or working with JAXBElement classes directly.
For the most part, developers using the JAX-RS API, the selection of which provider is invoked
will be completely transparent. For developers wishing to access the providers directly (which
most folks won't need to do), this document describes which provider is best suited for different
configurations.
A JAXB Provider is selected by RESTEasy when a parameter or return type is an object that
is annotated with JAXB annotations (such as @XmlRootEntity or @XmlType) or if the type is a
JAXBElement. Additionally, the resource class or resource method will be annotated with either
a @Consumes or @Produces annotation and contain one or more of the following values:
• text/*+xml
• application/*+xml
• application/*+fastinfoset
• application/*+json
RESTEasy will select a different provider based on the return type or parameter type used in the
resource. This section describes how the selection process works.
@XmlRootEntity When a class is annotated with a @XmlRootElement annotation, RESTEasy
will select the JAXBXmlRootElementProvider. This provider handles basic marshaling and
unmarshalling of custom JAXB entities.
@XmlType Classes which have been generated by XJC will most likely not contain an
@XmlRootEntity annotation. In order for these classes to marshalled, they must be wrapped within
a JAXBElement instance. This is typically accomplished by invoking a method on the class which
serves as the XmlRegistry and is named ObjectFactory.
The JAXBXmlTypeProvider provider is selected when the class is annotated with an XmlType
annotation and not an XmlRootElement annotation.
This provider simplifies this task by attempting to locate the XmlRegistry for the target class. By
default, a JAXB implementation will create a class called ObjectFactory and is located in the same
package as the target class. When this class is located, it will contain a "create" method that takes
the object instance as a parameter. For example, if the target type is called "Contact", then the
ObjectFactory class will have a method:
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
public JAXBElement createContact(Contact value) {..
JAXBElement If your resource works with the JAXBElement class directly, the RESTEasy
runtime will select the JAXBElementProvider. This provider examines the ParameterizedType
value of the JAXBElement in order to select the appropriate JAXBContext.
19.1. JAXB Decorators
Resteasy's JAXB providers have a pluggable way to decorate Marshaller and Unmarshaller
instances. The way it works is that you can write an annotation that can trigger the
decoration of a Marshaller or Unmarshaller. Your decorators can do things like set Marshaller
or Unmarshaller properties, set up validation, stuff like that. Here's an example. Let's say
we want to have an annotation that will trigger pretty-printing, nice formatting, of an XML
document. If we were doing raw JAXB, we would set a property on the Marshaller of
Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT. Let's write a Marshaller decorator.
First we define a annotation:
import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.Decorator;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,
ElementType.METHOD,
ElementType.PARAMETER,
ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Decorator(processor = PrettyProcessor.class, target = Marshaller.class)
public @interface Pretty {}
To get this to work, we must annotate our @Pretty annotation with a meta-annotation called
@Decorator. The target() attribute must be the JAXB Marshaller class. The processor() attribute
is a class we will write next.
import org.jboss.resteasy.core.interception.DecoratorProcessor;
import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.DecorateTypes;
import
import
import
import
import
javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
javax.xml.bind.PropertyException;
javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
javax.ws.rs.Produces;
java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
/**
* @author Bill Burke
* @version $Revision: 1 $
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Pluggable JAXBContext's with ContextResolvers
*/
@DecorateTypes({"text/*+xml", "application/*+xml"})
public class PrettyProcessor implements DecoratorProcessor
{
public Marshaller decorate(Marshaller target, Pretty annotation,
Class type, Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType)
{
target.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, Boolean.TRUE);
}
}
The processor implementation must implement the DecoratorProcessor interface and should also
be annotated with @DecorateTypes. This annotation specifies what media types the processor
can be used with. Now that we've defined our annotation and our Processor, we can use it on our
JAX-RS resource methods or JAXB types as follows:
@GET
@Pretty
@Produces("application/xml")
public SomeJAXBObject get() {...}
If you are confused, check the Resteasy source code for the implementation of @XmlHeader
19.2. Pluggable JAXBContext's with ContextResolvers
You should not use this feature unless you know what you're doing.
Based on the class you are marshalling/unmarshalling, RESTEasy will, by default create
and cache JAXBContext instances per class type. If you do not want RESTEasy
to create JAXBContexts, you can plug-in your own by implementing an instance of
javax.ws.rs.ext.ContextResolver
public interface ContextResolver
{
T getContext(Class type);
}
@Provider
@Produces("application/xml")
public class MyJAXBContextResolver implements ContextResolver
{
JAXBContext getContext(Class type)
{
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
if
(type.equals(WhateverClassIsOverridedFor.class))
return
JAXBContext.newInstance()...;
}
}
You must provide a @Produces annotation to specify the media type the context is meant for.
You must also make sure to implement ContextResolver. This helps the runtime
match to the correct context resolver. You must also annotate the ContextResolver class with
@Provider.
There are multiple ways to make this ContextResolver available.
1. Return it as a class or instance from a javax.ws.rs.core.Application implementation
2. List it as a provider with resteasy.providers
3. Let RESTEasy automatically scan for it within your WAR file. See Configuration Guide
4. Manually add it via ResteasyProviderFactory.getInstance().registerProvider(Class)
registerProviderInstance(Object)
or
19.3. JAXB + XML provider
Resteasy is required to provide JAXB provider support for XML. It has a few extra annotations
that can help code your app.
19.3.1. @XmlHeader and @Stylesheet
Sometimes when outputting XML documents you may want to set an XML header. Resteasy
provides the @org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.XmlHeader annotation for this. For
example:
@XmlRootElement
public static class Thing
{
private String name;
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
76
@XmlHeader and @Stylesheet
this.name = name;
}
}
@Path("/test")
public static class TestService
{
@GET
@Path("/header")
@Produces("application/xml")
@XmlHeader("")
public Thing get()
{
Thing thing = new Thing();
thing.setName("bill");
return thing;
}
}
The @XmlHeader here forces the XML output to have an xml-stylesheet header. This header
could also have been put on the Thing class to get the same result. See the javadocs for more
details on how you can use substitution values provided by resteasy.
Resteasy also has a convenience annotation for stylesheet headers. For example:
@XmlRootElement
public static class Thing
{
private String name;
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}
@Path("/test")
public static class TestService
{
@GET
@Path("/stylesheet")
@Produces("application/xml")
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
@Stylesheet(type="text/css", href="${basepath}foo.xsl")
@Junk
public Thing getStyle()
{
Thing thing = new Thing();
thing.setName("bill");
return thing;
}
}
19.4. JAXB + JSON provider
RESTEasy allows you to marshall JAXB annotated POJOs to and from JSON. This provider wraps
the Jettison JSON library to accomplish this. You can obtain more information about Jettison and
how it works from:
http://jettison.codehaus.org/
To use this integration with Jettision you need to import the resteasy-jettison-provider Maven
module. Older versions of RESTEasy used to include this within the resteasy-jaxb-provider but
we decided to modularize it more.
Jettison has two mapping formats. One is BadgerFish the other is a Jettison Mapped Convention
format. The Mapped Convention is the default mapping.
For example, consider this JAXB class:
@XmlRootElement(name = "book")
public class Book
{
private String author;
private String ISBN;
private String title;
public Book()
{
}
public Book(String author, String ISBN, String title)
{
this.author = author;
this.ISBN = ISBN;
this.title = title;
}
@XmlElement
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JAXB + JSON provider
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
@XmlElement
public String getISBN()
{
return ISBN;
}
public void setISBN(String ISBN)
{
this.ISBN = ISBN;
}
@XmlAttribute
public String getTitle()
{
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title)
{
this.title = title;
}
}
This is how the JAXB Book class would be marshalled to JSON using the BadgerFish Convention:
{"book":
{
"@title":"EJB 3.0",
"author":{"$":"Bill Burke"},
"ISBN":{"$":"596529260"}
}
}
Notice that element values have a map associated with them and to get to the value of the element,
you must access the "$" variable. Here's an example of accessing the book in Javascript:
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
var data = eval("(" + xhr.responseText + ")");
document.getElementById("zone").innerHTML = data.book.@title;
document.getElementById("zone").innerHTML += data.book.author.$;
To
use
the
BadgerFish
Convention
you
must
use
the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.json.BadgerFish annotation on the JAXB class
you are marshalling/unmarshalling, or, on the JAX-RS resource method or parameter:
@BadgerFish
@XmlRootElement(name = "book")
public class Book {...}
If you are returning a book on the JAX-RS method and you don't want to (or can't) pollute your
JAXB classes with RESTEasy annotations, add the annotation to the JAX-RS method:
@BadgerFish
@GET
public Book getBook(...) {...}
If a Book is your input then you put it on the parameter:
@POST
public void newBook(@BadgerFish Book book) {...}
The default Jettison Mapped Convention would return JSON that looked like this:
{ "book" :
{
"@title":"EJB 3.0",
"author":"Bill Burke",
"ISBN":596529260
}
}
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JAXB + JSON provider
Notice that the @XmlAttribute "title" is prefixed with the '@' character. Unlike BadgerFish, the '$'
does not represent the value of element text. This format is a bit simpler than the BadgerFish
convention which is why it was chose as a default. Here's an example of accessing this in
Javascript:
var data = eval("(" + xhr.responseText + ")");
document.getElementById("zone").innerHTML = data.book.@title;
document.getElementById("zone").innerHTML += data.book.author;
The Mapped Convention allows you to fine tune the JAXB mapping using the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.json.Mapped annotation. You can provide an
XML Namespace to JSON namespace mapping. For example, if you defined your JAXB
namespace within your package-info.java class like this:
@javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlSchema(namespace="http://jboss.org/books")
package org.jboss.resteasy.test.books;
You would have to define a JSON to XML namespace mapping or you would receive an exception
of something like this:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Invalid JSON namespace: http://jboss.org/books
at
org.codehaus.jettison.mapped.MappedNamespaceConvention.getJSONNamespace(MappedNamespaceConvent
at
org.codehaus.jettison.mapped.MappedNamespaceConvention.createKey(MappedNamespaceConvention.jav
at
org.codehaus.jettison.mapped.MappedXMLStreamWriter.writeStartElement(MappedXMLStreamWriter.jav
To fix this problem you need another annotation, @Mapped. You use the @Mapped annotation on
your JAXB classes, on your JAX-RS resource method, or on the parameter you are unmarshalling
import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.json.Mapped;
import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.json.XmlNsMap;
...
@GET
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
@Produces("application/json")
@Mapped(namespaceMap = {
@XmlNsMap(namespace = "http://jboss.org/books", jsonName = "books")
})
public Book get() {...}
Besides mapping XML to JSON namespaces, you can also force @XmlAttribute's to be marshaled
as XMLElements.
@Mapped(attributeAsElements={"title"})
@XmlRootElement(name = "book")
public class Book {...}
If you are returning a book on the JAX-RS method and you don't want to (or can't) pollute your
JAXB classes with RESTEasy annotations, add the annotation to the JAX-RS method:
@Mapped(attributeAsElements={"title"})
@GET
public Book getBook(...) {...}
If a Book is your input then you put it on the parameter:
@POST
public void newBook(@Mapped(attributeAsElements={"title"}) Book book) {...}
19.5. JAXB + FastinfoSet provider
RESTEasy supports the FastinfoSet mime type with JAXB annotated classes. Fast infoset
documents are faster to serialize and parse, and smaller in size, than logically equivalent XML
documents. Thus, fast infoset documents may be used whenever the size and processing time
of XML documents is an issue. It is configured the same way the XML JAXB provider is so really
no other documentation is needed here.
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Arrays and Collections of JAXB Objects
To use this integration with Fastinfoset you need to import the resteasy-fastinfoset-provider Maven
module. Older versions of RESTEasy used to include this within the resteasy-jaxb-provider but
we decided to modularize it more.
19.6. Arrays and Collections of JAXB Objects
RESTEasy will automatically marshal arrays, java.util.Set's, and java.util.List's of JAXB objects to
and from XML, JSON, Fastinfoset (or any other new JAXB mapper Restasy comes up with).
@XmlRootElement(name = "customer")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Customer
{
@XmlElement
private String name;
public Customer()
{
}
public Customer(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
}
@Path("/")
public class MyResource
{
@PUT
@Path("array")
@Consumes("application/xml")
public void putCustomers(Customer[] customers)
{
Assert.assertEquals("bill", customers[0].getName());
Assert.assertEquals("monica", customers[1].getName());
}
@GET
@Path("set")
@Produces("application/xml")
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
public Set getCustomerSet()
{
HashSet set = new HashSet();
set.add(new Customer("bill"));
set.add(new Customer("monica"));
return set;
}
@PUT
@Path("list")
@Consumes("application/xml")
public void putCustomers(List customers)
{
Assert.assertEquals("bill", customers.get(0).getName());
Assert.assertEquals("monica", customers.get(1).getName());
}
}
The above resource can publish and receive JAXB objects. It is assumed that are wrapped in a
collection element
bill monica
You can change the namespace URI, namespace tag, and collection element name by using the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.Wrapped annotation on a parameter or method
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Wrapped
{
String element() default "collection";
String namespace() default "http://jboss.org/resteasy";
String prefix() default "resteasy";
}
So, if we wanted to output this XML
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Retrieving Collections on the client side
bill monica
We would use the @Wrapped annotation as follows:
@GET
@Path("list")
@Produces("application/xml")
@Wrapped(element="list", namespace="http://foo.org", prefix="foo")
public List getCustomerSet()
{
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add(new Customer("bill"));
list.add(new Customer("monica"));
return list;
}
19.6.1. Retrieving Collections on the client side
If you try to retrieve a List or Set of JAXB objects in the obvious way on the client side:
Response response = request.get();
List list = response.readEntity(List.class);
the call to readEntity() will fail because it has no way of knowing the element type Customer.
The trick is to use an instance of javax.ws.rs.core.GenericType:
Response response = request.get();
GenericType> genericType = new GenericType>()
{};
List list = response.readEntity(genericType);
For more information about GenericType, please see its javadoc.
The same trick applies to retrieving a Set:
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
Response response = request.get();
GenericType> genericType = new GenericType>()
{};
Set set = response.readEntity(genericType);
On the other hand, GenericType is not necessary to retrieve an array of JAXB objects:
Response response = request.get();
Customer[] array = response.readEntity(Customer[].class);
19.6.2. JSON and JAXB Collections/arrays
Resteasy supports using collections with JSON. It encloses lists, sets, or arrays of returned JAXB
objects within a simple JSON array. For example:
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public static class Foo
{
@XmlAttribute
private String test;
public Foo()
{
}
public Foo(String test)
{
this.test = test;
}
public String getTest()
{
return test;
}
public void setTest(String test)
{
this.test = test;
}
}
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Maps of JAXB Objects
This a List or array of this Foo class would be represented in JSON like this:
[{"foo":{"@test":"bill"}},{"foo":{"@test":"monica}"}}]
It also expects this format for input
19.7. Maps of JAXB Objects
RESTEasy will automatically marshal maps of JAXB objects to and from XML, JSON, Fastinfoset
(or any other new JAXB mapper Restasy comes up with). Your parameter or method return type
must be a generic with a String as the key and the JAXB object's type.
@XmlRootElement(namespace = "http://foo.com")
public static class Foo
{
@XmlAttribute
private String name;
public Foo()
{
}
public Foo(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
}
@Path("/map")
public static class MyResource
{
@POST
@Produces("application/xml")
@Consumes("application/xml")
public Map post(Map map)
{
Assert.assertEquals(2, map.size());
Assert.assertNotNull(map.get("bill"));
Assert.assertNotNull(map.get("monica"));
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
Assert.assertEquals(map.get("bill").getName(), "bill");
Assert.assertEquals(map.get("monica").getName(), "monica");
return map;
}
}
The above resource can publish and receive JAXB objects within a map. By default, they are
wrapped in a "map" element in the default namespace. Also, each "map" element has zero or
more "entry" elements with a "key" attribute.
You can change the namespace URI, namespace prefix and map, entry, and key element
and attribute names by using the @org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.WrappedMap
annotation on a parameter or method
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface WrappedMap
{
/**
* map element name
*/
String map() default "map";
/**
* entry element name *
*/
String entry() default "entry";
/**
* entry's key attribute name
*/
String key() default "key";
String namespace() default "";
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Retrieving Maps on the client side
String prefix() default "";
}
So, if we wanted to output this XML
We would use the @WrappedMap annotation as follows:
@Path("/map")
public static class MyResource
{
@GET
@Produces("application/xml")
@WrappedMap(map="hashmap", entry="hashentry", key="hashkey")
public Map get()
{
...
return map;
}
}
19.7.1. Retrieving Maps on the client side
If you try to retrieve a Map of JAXB objects in the obvious way on the client side:
Response response = request.get();
Map map = response.readEntity(Map.class);
the call to readEntity() will fail because it has no way of knowing the element type Customer.
The trick is to use an instance of javax.ws.rs.core.GenericType:
Response response = request.get();
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
GenericType genericType = new GenericType>() {};
Map map = response.readEntity(genericType);
For more information about GenericType, please see its javadoc.
19.7.2. JSON and JAXB maps
Resteasy supports using maps with JSON. It encloses maps returned JAXB objects within a simple
JSON map. For example:
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public static class Foo
{
@XmlAttribute
private String test;
public Foo()
{
}
public Foo(String test)
{
this.test = test;
}
public String getTest()
{
return test;
}
public void setTest(String test)
{
this.test = test;
}
}
This a List or array of this Foo class would be represented in JSON like this:
{ "entry1" : {"foo":{"@test":"bill"}}, "entry2" : {"foo":{"@test":"monica}"}}}
It also expects this format for input
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Possible Problems with Jettison Provider
19.7.3. Possible Problems with Jettison Provider
If you have the resteasy-jackson-provider-xxx.jar in your classpath, the Jackson JSON provider
will be triggered. This will screw up code that is dependent on the Jettison JAXB/JSon provider.
If you had been using the Jettison JAXB/Json providers, you must either remove Jackson from
your WEB-INF/lib or classpath, or use the @NoJackson annotation on your JAXB classes.
19.8. Interfaces, Abstract Classes, and JAXB
Some objects models use abstract classes and interfaces heavily. Unfortunately, JAXB doesn't
work with interfaces that are root elements and RESTEasy can't unmarshal parameters that
are interfaces or raw abstract classes because it doesn't have enough information to create a
JAXBContext. For example:
public interface IFoo {}
@XmlRootElement
public class RealFoo implements IFoo {}
@Path("/jaxb")
public class MyResource {
@PUT
@Consumes("application/xml")
public void put(IFoo foo) {...}
}
In this example, you would get an error from RESTEasy of something like "Cannot find a
MessageBodyReader for...". This is because RESTEasy does not know that implementations of
IFoo are JAXB classes and doesn't know how to create a JAXBContext for it. As a workaround,
RESTEasy allows you to use the JAXB annotation @XmlSeeAlso on the interface to correct the
problem. (NOTE, this will not work with manual, hand-coded JAXB).
@XmlSeeAlso(RealFoo.class)
public interface IFoo {}
The extra @XmlSeeAlso on IFoo allows RESTEasy to create a JAXBContext that knows how to
unmarshal RealFoo instances.
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Chapter 19. JAXB providers
19.9. Configurating JAXB Marshalling
As a consumer of XML datasets, JAXB is subject to a form of attack known as the XXE (Xml
eXternal Entity) Attack (http://www.securiteam.com/securitynews/6D0100A5PU.html), in which
expanding an external entity causes an unsafe file to be loaded. Preventing the expansion of
external entities is discussed in Section 18.4, “Configuring Document Marshalling”. The same
context parameter,
applies to JAXB unmarshallers as well.
Section 18.4, “Configuring Document Marshalling” also discusses the prohibition of DTDs and the
imposition of limits on entity expansion and the number of attributes per element. The context
parameters
and
discussed there, and their default values, also apply to the representation of JAXB objects.
92
Chapter 20.
Chapter 20. Resteasy Atom Support
From W3.org (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287):
"Atom is an XML-based document format that describes lists of related information known as
"feeds". Feeds are composed of a number of items, known as "entries", each with an extensible
set of attached metadata. For example, each entry has a title. The primary use case that Atom
addresses is the syndication of Web content such as weblogs and news headlines to Web sites
as well as directly to user agents."
Atom is the next-gen RSS feed. Although it is used primarily for the syndication of blogs and news,
many are starting to use this format as the envelope for Web Services, for example, distributed
notifications, job queues, or simply a nice format for sending or receiving data in bulk from a
service.
20.1. Resteasy Atom API and Provider
RESTEasy has defined a simple object model in Java to represent Atom and uses JAXB to
marshal and unmarshal it. The main classes are in the org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom
package and are Feed, Entry, Content, and Link. If you look at the source, you'd see that these are
annotated with JAXB annotations. The distribution contains the javadocs for this project and are
a must to learn the model. Here is a simple example of sending an atom feed using the Resteasy
API.
import
import
import
import
import
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Content;
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Entry;
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Feed;
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Link;
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Person;
@Path("atom")
public class MyAtomService
{
@GET
@Path("feed")
@Produces("application/atom+xml")
public Feed getFeed() throws URISyntaxException
{
Feed feed = new Feed();
feed.setId(new URI("http://example.com/42"));
feed.setTitle("My Feed");
feed.setUpdated(new Date());
Link link = new Link();
link.setHref(new URI("http://localhost"));
link.setRel("edit");
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Chapter 20. Resteasy Atom Support
feed.getLinks().add(link);
feed.getAuthors().add(new Person("Bill Burke"));
Entry entry = new Entry();
entry.setTitle("Hello World");
Content content = new Content();
content.setType(MediaType.TEXT_HTML_TYPE);
content.setText("Nothing much");
entry.setContent(content);
feed.getEntries().add(entry);
return feed;
}
}
Because Resteasy's atom provider is JAXB based, you are not limited to sending atom objects
using XML. You can automatically re-use all the other JAXB providers that Resteasy has like
JSON and fastinfoset. All you have to do is have "atom+" in front of the main subtype. i.e.
@Produces("application/atom+json") or @Consumes("application/atom+fastinfoset")
20.2. Using JAXB with the Atom Provider
The org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.atom.Content class allows you to unmarshal and
marshal JAXB annotated objects that are the body of the content. Here's an example of sending
an Entry with a Customer object attached as the body of the entry's content.
@XmlRootElement(namespace = "http://jboss.org/Customer")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Customer
{
@XmlElement
private String name;
public Customer()
{
}
public Customer(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
}
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Using JAXB with the Atom Provider
@Path("atom")
public static class AtomServer
{
@GET
@Path("entry")
@Produces("application/atom+xml")
public Entry getEntry()
{
Entry entry = new Entry();
entry.setTitle("Hello World");
Content content = new Content();
content.setJAXBObject(new Customer("bill"));
entry.setContent(content);
return entry;
}
}
The Content.setJAXBObject() method is used to tell the content object you are sending back a
Java JAXB object and want it marshalled appropriately. If you are using a different base format
other than XML, i.e. "application/atom+json", this attached JAXB object will be marshalled into
that same format.
If you have an atom document as your input, you can also extract JAXB objects from Content using
the Content.getJAXBObject(Class clazz) method. Here is an example of an input atom document
and extracting a Customer object from the content.
@Path("atom")
public static class AtomServer
{
@PUT
@Path("entry")
@Produces("application/atom+xml")
public void putCustomer(Entry entry)
{
Content content = entry.getContent();
Customer cust = content.getJAXBObject(Customer.class);
}
}
95
96
Chapter 21.
Chapter 21. JSON Support via
Jackson
Besides the Jettision JAXB adapter for JSON, Resteasy also supports integration with the
Jackson project. Many users find the output from Jackson much nicer than the Badger format
or Mapped format provided by Jettison. For more on Jackson 2, see http://wiki.fasterxml.com/
JacksonHome. Besides JAXB like APIs, it has a JavaBean based model, described at http://
wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonDataBinding, which allows you to easily marshal Java objects to and
from JSON. Resteasy integrates with the JavaBean model. While Jackson does come with its
own JAX-RS integration, Resteasy expanded it a little, as decribed below.
NOTE. The resteasy-jackson-provider module, which is based on the outdated Jackson 1.9.x, is
currently deprecated, and will be removed in a release subsequent to 3.1.0.Final. The resteasyjackson2-provider module is based on Jackson 2.
21.1. Using Jackson 1.9.x Outside of WildFly
If you're deploying Resteasy outside of WildFly, add the Resteasy Jackson provder to your WAR
pom.xml build:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-jackson-provider
${version.resteasy}
21.2. Using Jackson 1.9.x Inside WildFly 8
If you're deploying Resteasy with WildFly 8, there's nothing you need to do except to make
sure you've updated your installation with the latest and greatest Resteasy. See the Installation/
Configuration section of this documentation for more details.
21.3. Using Jackson 2 Outside of WildFly
If you're deploying Resteasy outside of WildFly, add the Resteasy Jackson provder to your WAR
pom.xml build:
org.jboss.resteasy
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Chapter 21. JSON Support via ...
resteasy-jackson2-provider
${version.resteasy}
21.4. Using Jackson 2 Inside WildFly 9 and above
If you're deploying Resteasy with WildFly 9 or above, there's nothing you need to do except
to make sure you've updated your installation with the latest and greatest Resteasy. See the
Installation/Configuration section of this documentation for more details.
21.5. Additional Resteasy Specifics
The first extra piece that Resteasy added to the integration was to support "application/*+json".
Jackson would only accept "application/json" and "text/json" as valid media types. This allows you
to create json-based media types and still let Jackson marshal things for you. For example:
@Path("/customers")
public class MyService {
@GET
@Produces("application/vnd.customer+json")
public Customer[] getCustomers() {}
}
Another problem that occurs is when you are using the Resteasy JAXB providers alongside
Jackson. You may want to use Jettison and JAXB to output your JSON instead of Jackson.
In this case, you must either not install the Jackson provider, or use the annotation
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.NoJackson on your JAXB annotated classes. For
example:
@XmlRootElement
@NoJackson
public class Customer {...}
@Path("/customers")
public class MyService {
@GET
@Produces("application/vnd.customer+json")
public Customer[] getCustomers() {}
}
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Possible Conflict With JAXB Provider
If you can't annotate the JAXB class with @NoJackson, then you can use the annotation on a
method parameter. For example:
@XmlRootElement
public class Customer {...}
@Path("/customers")
public class MyService {
@GET
@Produces("application/vnd.customer+json")
@NoJackson
public Customer[] getCustomers() {}
@POST
@Consumes("application/vnd.customer+json")
public void createCustomer(@NoJackson Customer[] customers) {...}
}
21.6. Possible Conflict With JAXB Provider
If your Jackson classes are annotated with JAXB annotations and you have
the resteasy-jaxb-provider in your classpath, you may trigger the Jettision
JAXB marshalling code. To turn off the JAXB json marshaller use the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jaxb.IgnoreMediaTypes("application/*+json") on your
classes.
21.7. JSONP Support
If
you're
using
Jackson,
Resteasy
has
JSONP
[http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/JSONP]
that
you
can
turn
on
by
adding
the
provider
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.jackson.JacksonJsonpInterceptor
(Jackson2JsonpInterceptor if you're using the Jackson2 provider) to your deployments. If the
media type of the response is json and a callback query parameter is given, the response will
be a javascript snippet with a method call of the method defined by the callback parameter. For
example:
GET /resources/stuff?callback=processStuffResponse
will produce this response:
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processStuffResponse()
This supports the default behavior of jQuery [http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/].
To enable JacksonJsonpInterceptor in WildFly, you need to import annotations
from org.jboss.resteasy.resteasy-jackson-provider module using jboss-deploymentstructure.xml:
You can change the name of the callback parameter by setting the callbackQueryParameter
property.
JacksonJsonpInterceptor can wrap the response into a try-catch block:
try{processStuffResponse()}catch(e){}
You can enable this feature by setting the resteasy.jsonp.silent property to true
Note. Because JSONP can be used in Cross Site Scripting Inclusion (XSSI) attacks,
Jackson2JsonpInterceptor is disabled by default. Two steps are necessary to enable it:
1. As noted above, Jackson2JsonpInterceptor must be included in the deployment. For
example, a service file META-INF/services/javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers with the line
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.jackson.Jackson2JsonpInterceptor
may be included on the classpath
2. Also, the servlet context parameter parameter "resteasy.jsonp.enable" must be set to "true".
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Jackson JSON Decorator
21.8. Jackson JSON Decorator
If you are using the Jackson 2 provider, Resteasy has provided a pretty-printing annotation simliar
with the one in JAXB provider:
org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.jackson.Formatted
Here is an example:
@GET
@Produces("application/json")
@Path("/formatted/{id}")
@Formatted
public Product getFormattedProduct()
{
return new Product(333, "robot");
}
As the example shown above, the @Formatted annotation will enable the underlying Jackson
option "SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT".
21.9. JSON Filter Support
In Jackson2 , there is new feature JsonFilter [http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonFeatureJsonFilter]
to allow annotate class with @JsonFilter and doing dynamic filtering. Here is an example which
defines mapping from "nameFilter" to filter instances and filter bean properties when serilize to
json format:
@JsonFilter(value="nameFilter")
public class Jackson2Product {
protected String name;
protected int id;
public Jackson2Product() {
}
public Jackson2Product(final int id, final String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
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public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
@JsonFilter annotates resource class to filter out some property not to serialize in the json
response. To map the filter id and instance we need to create another jackson class to add the
id and filter instance map:
public class ObjectFilterModifier extends ObjectWriterModifier {
public ObjectFilterModifier() {
}
@Override
public ObjectWriter modify(EndpointConfigBase endpoint,
MultivaluedMap httpHeaders, Object valueToWrite,
ObjectWriter w, JsonGenerator jg) throws IOException {
FilterProvider filterProvider = new SimpleFilterProvider().addFilter(
"nameFilter",
SimpleBeanPropertyFilter.filterOutAllExcept("name"));
return w.with(filterProvider);
}
}
Here the method modify() will take care of filtering all properties except "name" property before
write. To make this work, we need let Resteasy know this mapping info. This can be easily set
either in a WriterInterceptor:
@Provider
public class JsonFilterWriteInterceptor implements WriterInterceptor{
private ObjectFilterModifier modifier = new ObjectFilterModifier();
@Override
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JSON Filter Support
public void aroundWriteTo(WriterInterceptorContext context)
throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
//set a threadlocal modifier
ObjectWriterInjector.set(modifier);
context.proceed();
}
}
or in a servlet filter:
public class ObjectWriterModifierFilter implements Filter {
private static ObjectFilterModifier modifier = new ObjectFilterModifier();
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
ObjectWriterInjector.set(modifier);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
Resteasy get this modfiler from ThreadLocal variable and configure to modify ObjectWriter before
write to response.
103
104
Chapter 22.
Chapter 22. JSON Support via Java
EE 7 JSON-P API
No, this is not the JSONP you are thinking of! JSON-P is a new Java EE 7 JSON parsing API.
Horrible name for a new JSON parsing API! What were they thinking? Anyways, Resteasy has a
provider for it. If you are using WildFly, it is required by Java EE 7 so you will have it automatically
bundled. Otherwise, use this maven dependency.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-json-p-provider
3.1.3.Final
It has built in support for JsonObject, JsonArray, and JsonStructure as request or response
entities. It should not conflict with Jackson or Jettison if you have that in your path too.
105
106
Chapter 23.
Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
Resteasy has rich support for the "multipart/*" and "multipart/form-data" mime types. The multipart
mime format is used to pass lists of content bodies. Multiple content bodies are embedded in one
message. "multipart/form-data" is often found in web application HTML Form documents and is
generally used to upload files. The form-data format is the same as other multipart formats, except
that each inlined piece of content has a name associated with it.
RESTEasy provides a custom API for reading and writing multipart types as well as marshalling
arbitrary List (for any multipart type) and Map (multipart/form-data only) objects
23.1. Input with multipart/mixed
When writing a JAX-RS service, RESTEasy provides an interface that allows you to read in any
multipart mime type. org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.MultipartInput
package org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart;
public interface MultipartInput
{
List getParts();
String getPreamble();
// You must call close to delete any temporary files created
// Otherwise they will be deleted on garbage collection or on JVM exit
void close();
}
public interface InputPart
{
MultivaluedMap getHeaders();
String getBodyAsString();
T getBody(Class type, Type genericType) throws IOException;
T getBody(org.jboss.resteasy.util.GenericType type) throws IOException;
MediaType getMediaType();
boolean isContentTypeFromMessage();
}
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
MultipartInput is a simple interface that allows you to get access to each part of the multipart
message. Each part is represented by an InputPart interface. Each part has a set of headers
associated with it You can unmarshall the part by calling one of the getBody() methods. The Type
genericType parameter can be null, but the Class type parameter must be set. Resteasy will find
a MessageBodyReader based on the media type of the part as well as the type information you
pass in. The following piece of code is unmarshalling parts which are XML into a JAXB annotated
class called Customer.
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@PUT
@Consumes("multipart/mixed")
public void put(MultipartInput input)
{
List customers = new ArrayList...;
for (InputPart part : input.getParts())
{
Customer cust = part.getBody(Customer.class, null);
customers.add(cust);
}
input.close();
}
}
Sometimes you may want to unmarshall a body part that is sensitive to generic type metadata.
In this case you can use the org.jboss.resteasy.util.GenericType class. Here's an example of
unmarshalling a type that is sensitive to generic type metadata.
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@PUT
@Consumes("multipart/mixed")
public void put(MultipartInput input)
{
for (InputPart part : input.getParts())
{
List cust = part.getBody(new GenericType>List>Customer<<()
{});
}
input.close();
}
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java.util.List with multipart data
}
Use of GenericType is required because it is really the only way to obtain generic type information
at runtime.
23.2. java.util.List with multipart data
If your body parts are uniform, you do not have to manually unmarshall each and every part. You
can just provide a java.util.List as your input parameter. It must have the type it is unmarshalling
with the generic parameter of the List type declaration. Here's an example again of unmarshalling
a list of customers.
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@PUT
@Consumes("multipart/mixed")
public void put(List customers)
{
...
}
}
23.3. Input with multipart/form-data
When writing a JAX-RS service, RESTEasy provides an interface that allows you
to read in multipart/form-data mime type. "multipart/form-data" is often found in web
application HTML Form documents and is generally used to upload files. The formdata format is the same as other multipart formats, except that each inlined piece
of content has a name associated with it. The interface used for form-data input is
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.MultipartFormDataInput
public interface MultipartFormDataInput extends MultipartInput
{
@Deprecated
Map getFormData();
Map> getFormDataMap();
T getFormDataPart(String key, Class rawType, Type genericType) throws
IOException;
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
T getFormDataPart(String key, GenericType type) throws IOException;
}
It works in much the same way as MultipartInput described earlier in this chapter.
23.4. java.util.Map with multipart/form-data
With form-data, if your body parts are uniform, you do not have to manually unmarshall each and
every part. You can just provide a java.util.Map as your input parameter. It must have the type it
is unmarshalling with the generic parameter of the List type declaration. Here's an example of of
unmarshalling a Map of Customer objects which are JAXB annotated classes.
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@PUT
@Consumes("multipart/form-data")
public void put(Map customers)
{
...
}
}
23.5. Input with multipart/related
When writing a JAX-RS service, RESTEasy provides an interface that allows you to read in
multipart/related mime type. A multipart/related is used to indicate that message parts should not
be considered individually but rather as parts of an aggregate whole. One example usage for
multipart/related is to send a web page complete with images in a single message. Every multipart/
related message has a root/start part that references the other parts of the message. The parts are
identified by their "Content-ID" headers. multipart/related is defined by RFC 2387. The interface
used for related input is org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.MultipartRelatedInput
public interface MultipartRelatedInput extends MultipartInput
{
String getType();
String getStart();
String getStartInfo();
InputPart getRootPart();
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Output with multipart
Map getRelatedMap();
}
It works in much the same way as MultipartInput described earlier in this chapter.
23.6. Output with multipart
RESTEasy provides a simple API to output multipart data.
package org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart;
public class MultipartOutput
{
public OutputPart addPart(Object entity, MediaType mediaType)
public
mediaType)
OutputPart
addPart(Object
entity,
GenericType
type,
MediaType
public OutputPart addPart(Object entity, Class type, Type genericType,
MediaType mediaType)
public List getParts()
public String getBoundary()
public void setBoundary(String boundary)
}
public class OutputPart
{
public MultivaluedMap getHeaders()
public Object getEntity()
public Class getType()
public Type getGenericType()
public MediaType getMediaType()
}
When you want to output multipart data it is as simple as creating a MultipartOutput object and
calling addPart() methods. Resteasy will automatically find a MessageBodyWriter to marshall your
entity objects. Like MultipartInput, sometimes you may have marshalling which is sensitive to
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
generic type metadata. In that case, use GenericType. Most of the time though passing in an
Object and its MediaType is enough. In the example below, we are sending back a "multipart/
mixed" format back to the calling client. The parts are Customer objects which are JAXB annotated
and will be marshalling into "application/xml".
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@GET
@Produces("multipart/mixed")
public MultipartOutput get()
{
MultipartOutput output = new MultipartOutput();
output.addPart(new Customer("bill"), MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
output.addPart(new Customer("monica"), MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
return output;
}
}
23.7. Multipart Output with java.util.List
If your body parts are uniform, you do not have to manually marshall each and every part or even
use a MultipartOutput object.. You can just provide a java.util.List. It must have the generic type
it is marshalling with the generic parameter of the List type declaration. You must also annotate
the method with the @PartType annotation to specify what media type each part is. Here's an
example of sending back a list of customers back to a client. The customers are JAXB objects
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@GET
@Produces("multipart/mixed")
@PartType("application/xml")
public List get()
{
...
}
}
23.8. Output with multipart/form-data
RESTEasy provides a simple API to output multipart/form-data.
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Output with multipart/form-data
package org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart;
public class MultipartFormDataOutput extends MultipartOutput
{
public OutputPart addFormData(String key, Object entity, MediaType mediaType)
public OutputPart addFormData(String key, Object entity, GenericType type,
MediaType mediaType)
public OutputPart addFormData(String key, Object entity, Class type, Type
genericType, MediaType mediaType)
public Map getFormData()
}
When you want to output multipart/form-data it is as simple as creating a MultipartFormDataOutput
object and calling addFormData() methods. Resteasy will automatically find a MessageBodyWriter
to marshall your entity objects. Like MultipartInput, sometimes you may have marshalling which
is sensitive to generic type metadata. In that case, use GenericType. Most of the time though
passing in an Object and its MediaType is enough. In the example below, we are sending back a
"multipart/form-data" format back to the calling client. The parts are Customer objects which are
JAXB annotated and will be marshalling into "application/xml".
@Path("/form")
public class MyService
{
@GET
@Produces("multipart/form-data")
public MultipartFormDataOutput get()
{
MultipartFormDataOutput output = new MultipartFormDataOutput();
output.addPart("bill",
new
Customer("bill"),
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
output.addPart("monica",
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
return output;
}
new
Customer("monica"),
}
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
23.9. Multipart FormData Output with java.util.Map
If your body parts are uniform, you do not have to manually marshall each and every part or even
use a MultipartFormDataOutput object.. You can just provide a java.util.Map. It must have the
generic type it is marshalling with the generic parameter of the Map type declaration. You must
also annotate the method with the @PartType annotation to specify what media type each part
is. Here's an example of sending back a list of customers back to a client. The customers are
JAXB objects
@Path("/multipart")
public class MyService
{
@GET
@Produces("multipart/form-data")
@PartType("application/xml")
public Map get()
{
...
}
}
23.10. Output with multipart/related
RESTEasy provides a simple API to output multipart/related.
package org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart;
public class MultipartRelatedOutput extends MultipartOutput
{
public OutputPart getRootPart()
public OutputPart addPart(Object entity, MediaType mediaType,
String contentId, String contentTransferEncoding)
public String getStartInfo()
public void setStartInfo(String startInfo)
}
When you want to output multipart/related it is as simple as creating a MultipartRelatedOutput
object and calling addPart() methods. The first added part will be used as the root part of the
multipart/related message. Resteasy will automatically find a MessageBodyWriter to marshall your
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@MultipartForm and POJOs
entity objects. Like MultipartInput, sometimes you may have marshalling which is sensitive to
generic type metadata. In that case, use GenericType. Most of the time though passing in an
Object and its MediaType is enough. In the example below, we are sending back a "multipart/
related" format back to the calling client. We are sending a html with 2 images.
@Path("/related")
public class MyService
{
@GET
@Produces("multipart/related")
public MultipartRelatedOutput get()
{
MultipartRelatedOutput output = new MultipartRelatedOutput();
output.setStartInfo("text/html");
Map mediaTypeParameters = new LinkedHashMap();
mediaTypeParameters.put("charset", "UTF-8");
mediaTypeParameters.put("type", "text/html");
output.addPart(
"\n"
+ "This is me: ", "8bit");
output.addPart("// binary octets for me png",
new MediaType("image", "png"), "",
"binary");
output.addPart("// binary octets for you png", new MediaType(
"image", "png"),
"", "binary");
client.putRelated(output);
return output;
}
}
23.11. @MultipartForm and POJOs
If you have a exact knowledge of your multipart/form-data packets, you can
map them to and from a POJO class to and from multipart/form-data using the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.multipart.MultipartForm annotation and the JAX-RS
@FormParam annotation. You simple define a POJO with at least a default constructor and
annotate its fields and/or properties with @FormParams. These @FormParams must also be
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
annotated with @org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.providers.multipart.PartType if you are doing
output. For example:
public class CustomerProblemForm {
@FormParam("customer")
@PartType("application/xml")
private Customer customer;
@FormParam("problem")
@PartType("text/plain")
private String problem;
public
public
public
public
Customer getCustomer() { return customer; }
void setCustomer(Customer cust) { this.customer = cust; }
String getProblem() { return problem; }
void setProblem(String problem) { this.problem = problem; }
}
After defining your POJO class you can then use it to represent multipart/form-data. Here's an
example of sending a CustomerProblemForm using the RESTEasy client framework:
@Path("portal")
public interface CustomerPortal {
@Path("issues/{id}")
@Consumes("multipart/form-data")
@PUT
public void putProblem(@MultipartForm CustomerProblemForm,
@PathParam("id") int id);
}
{
CustomerPortal portal = ProxyFactory.create(CustomerPortal.class, "http://
example.com");
CustomerProblemForm form = new CustomerProblemForm();
form.setCustomer(...);
form.setProblem(...);
portal.putProblem(form, 333);
}
116
XML-binary Optimized Packaging (Xop)
You see that the @MultipartForm annotation was used to tell RESTEasy that the object has
@FormParam and that it should be marshalled from that. You can also use the same object to
receive multipart data. Here is an example of the server side counterpart of our customer portal.
@Path("portal")
public class CustomerPortalServer {
@Path("issues/{id})
@Consumes("multipart/form-data")
@PUT
public void putIssue(@MultipartForm CustoemrProblemForm,
@PathParam("id") int id) {
... write to database...
}
}
23.12. XML-binary Optimized Packaging (Xop)
RESTEasy supports Xop messages packaged as multipart/related. What does this mean? If you
have a JAXB annotated POJO that also holds some binary content you may choose to send it in
such a way where the binary does not need to be encoded in any way (neither base64 neither
hex). This results in faster transport while still using the convenient POJO. More about Xop can
be read here: http://www.w3.org/TR/xop10/. Now lets see an example:
First we have a JAXB annotated POJO to work with. @XmlMimeType tells JAXB the mime type
of the binary content (its not required to do XOP packaging but it is recommended to be set if
you know the exact type):
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public static class Xop {
private Customer bill;
private Customer monica;
@XmlMimeType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
private byte[] myBinary;
@XmlMimeType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
private DataHandler myDataHandler;
// methods, other fields ...
}
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Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
In the above POJO myBinary and myDataHandler will be processed as binary attachments while
the whole Xop object will be sent as xml (in the places of the binaries only their references will
be generated). javax.activation.DataHandler is the most general supported type so if you need
an java.io.InputStream or a javax.activation.DataSource you need to go with the DataHandler.
Some other special types are supported too: java.awt.Image and javax.xml.transform.Source.
Let's assume that Customer is also JAXB friendly POJO in the above example (of course it can
also have binary parts). Now lets see a an example Java client that sends this:
// our client interface:
@Path("mime")
public static interface MultipartClient {
@Path("xop")
@PUT
@Consumes(MultipartConstants.MULTIPART_RELATED)
public void putXop(@XopWithMultipartRelated Xop bean);
}
// Somewhere using it:
{
MultipartClient client = ProxyFactory.create(MultipartClient.class,
"http://www.example.org");
Xop xop = new Xop(new Customer("bill"), new Customer("monica"),
"Hello Xop World!".getBytes("UTF-8"),
new
DataHandler(new
ByteArrayDataSource("Hello
World!".getBytes("UTF-8"),
MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)));
client.putXop(xop);
}
Xop
We used @Consumes(MultipartConstants.MULTIPART_RELATED) to tell RESTEasy that we
want to send multipart/related packages (that's the container format that will hold our Xop
message). We used @XopWithMultipartRelated to tell RESTEasy that we want to make Xop
messages. So we have a POJO and a client service that is willing to send it. All we need now
a server that can read it:
@Path("/mime")
public class XopService {
@PUT
@Path("xop")
@Consumes(MultipartConstants.MULTIPART_RELATED)
public void putXopWithMultipartRelated(@XopWithMultipartRelated Xop xop) {
// do very important things here
}
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Note about multipart parsing and working with other frameworks
}
We used @Consumes(MultipartConstants.MULTIPART_RELATED) to tell RESTEasy that we
want to read multipart/related packages. We used @XopWithMultipartRelated to tell RESTEasy
that we want to read Xop messages. Of course we could also produce Xop return values but we
would than also need to annotate that and use a Produce annotation, too.
23.13. Note about multipart parsing and working with
other frameworks
There are a lot of frameworks doing multipart parsing automatically with the
help of filters and interceptors. Like org.jboss.seam.web.MultipartFilter in Seam or
org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver in Spring. However the incoming multipart
request stream can be parsed only once. Resteasy users working with multipart should make sure
that nothing parses the stream before Resteasy gets it.
23.14. Overwriting the default fallback content type for
multipart messages
By default if no Content-Type header is present in a part, "text/plain; charset=us-ascii" is used as
fallback. This is the value defined by the MIME RFC. However for example some web clients (like
most, if not all, web browsers) do not send Content-Type headers for all fields in a multipart/formdata request (only for the file parts). This can cause character encoding and unmarshalling errors
on the server side. To correct this there is an option to define an other, non-rfc compliant fallback
value. This can be done dynamically per request with the PreProcessInterceptor infrastructure of
RESTEasy. In the following example we will set "*/*; charset=UTF-8" as the new default fallback:
import org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.InputPart;
@Provider
@ServerInterceptor
public
class
ContentTypeSetterPreProcessorInterceptor
PreProcessInterceptor {
implements
public ServerResponse preProcess(HttpRequest request, ResourceMethod method)
throws Failure, WebApplicationException {
request.setAttribute(InputPart.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE_PROPERTY, "*/*;
charset=UTF-8");
return null;
}
}
119
Chapter 23. Multipart Providers
23.15. Overwriting the content type for multipart
messages
Using
an
interceptor
and
the
InputPart.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE_PROPERTY
attribute
allows
setting
a
default
Content-Type,
but
it
is
also
possible
to
override
the
Content-Type,
if
any,
in
any
input
part
by
calling org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.InputPart.setMediaType().
For example:
@POST
@Path("query")
@Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public Response setMediaType(MultipartInput input) throws IOException
{
List parts = input.getParts();
InputPart part = parts.get(0);
part.setMediaType(MediaType.valueOf("application/foo+xml"));
String s = part.getBody(String.class, null);
...
}
23.16. Overwriting the default fallback charset for
multipart messages
Sometimes, a part may have a Content-Type header with no charset parameter.
If the InputPart.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE_PROPERTY property is set and the value
has a charset parameter, that value will be appended to an existing ContentType header that has no charset parameter. It is also possible to specify a
default charset using the constant InputPart.DEFAULT_CHARSET_PROPERTY (actual value
"resteasy.provider.multipart.inputpart.defaultCharset"):
import org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.multipart.InputPart;
@Provider
@ServerInterceptor
public
class
ContentTypeSetterPreProcessorInterceptor
PreProcessInterceptor {
implements
public ServerResponse preProcess(HttpRequest request, ResourceMethod method)
throws Failure, WebApplicationException {
120
Overwriting the default fallback charset for multipart messages
request.setAttribute(InputPart.DEFAULT_CHARSET_PROPERTY, "UTF-8");
return null;
}
}
If
both
InputPart.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE_PROPERTY
are
set,
then
the
will override any charset in
InputPart.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE_PROPERTY.
InputPart.DEFAULT_CHARSET_PROPERTY
InputPart.DEFAULT_CHARSET_PROPERTY
and
value
of
the value of
121
122
Chapter 24.
Chapter 24. YAML Provider
RESTEasy comes with built in support for YAML using the SnakeYAML library. To enable YAML
support, you need to drop in the SnakeYaml 1.8 jar and the resteasy-yaml-provider.jar (whatever
the current version is) in RestEASY's classpath.
SnakeYaml jar file can either be downloaded from Google code at http://code.google.com/p/
snakeyaml/downloads/list
Or if you use maven, the SnakeYaml jar is available through SonaType public repositories and
included using this dependency:
org.yaml
snakeyaml
1.8
When starting resteasy look out in the logs for a line stating that the YamlProvider has been added
- this indicates that resteasy has found the Jyaml jar:
2877 Main INFO org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.RegisterBuiltin - Adding YamlProvider
The Yaml provider recognises three mime types:
• text/x-yaml
• text/yaml
• application/x-yaml
This is an example of how to use Yaml in a resource method.
import
import
import
import
javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
javax.ws.rs.GET;
javax.ws.rs.Path;
javax.ws.rs.Produces;
@Path("/yaml")
public class YamlResource
123
Chapter 24. YAML Provider
{
@GET
@Produces("text/x-yaml")
public MyObject getMyObject() {
return createMyObject();
}
...
}
124
Chapter 25.
Chapter 25. String marshalling for
String based @*Param
@PathParam, @QueryParam, @MatrixParam, @FormParam, and @HeaderParam are
represented as strings in a raw HTTP request. The specification says that these types of injected
parameters can be converted to objects if these objects have a valueOf(String) static method
or a constructor that takes one String parameter. What if you have a class where valueOf() or
this string constructor doesn't exist or is inappropriate for an HTTP request? JAX-RS 2.0 has the
javax.ws.rs.ext.ParamConverterProvider to help in this situation. See javadoc for more details.
125
126
Chapter 26.
Chapter 26. Responses using
javax.ws.rs.core.Response
You can build custom responses using the javax.ws.rs.core.Response and ResponseBuilder
classes. If you want to do your own streaming, your entity response must be an implementation
of javax.ws.rs.core.StreamingOutput. See the java doc for more information.
127
128
Chapter 27.
Chapter 27. Exception Handling
27.1. Exception Mappers
ExceptionMappers are custom, application provided, components that can catch thrown
application exceptions and write specific HTTP responses. The are classes annotated with
@Provider and that implement this interface
package javax.ws.rs.ext;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
/**
* Contract for a provider that maps Java exceptions to
* {@link javax.ws.rs.core.Response}. An implementation of this interface
must
* be annotated with {@link Provider}.
*
* @see Provider
* @see javax.ws.rs.core.Response
*/
public interface ExceptionMapper
{
/**
* Map an exception to a {@link javax.ws.rs.core.Response}.
*
* @param exception the exception to map to a response
* @return a response mapped from the supplied exception
*/
Response toResponse(E exception);
}
When an application exception is thrown it will be caught by the JAX-RS runtime. JAX-RS will
then scan registered ExceptionMappers to see which one support marshalling the exception type
thrown. Here is an example of ExceptionMapper
@Provider
public
class
ExceptionMapper
{
EJBExceptionMapper
implements
129
Chapter 27. Exception Handling
public Response toResponse(EJBException exception) {
return Response.status(500).build();
}
}
You register ExceptionMappers the same way you do MessageBodyReader/Writers. By
scanning, through the resteasy provider context-param (if you're deploying via a WAR file), or
programmatically through the ResteasyProviderFactory class.
27.2. Resteasy Built-in Internally-Thrown Exceptions
Resteasy has a set of built-in exceptions that are thrown by it when it encounters errors during
dispatching or marshalling. They all revolve around specific HTTP error codes. You can find them
in RESTEasy's javadoc under the package org.jboss.resteasy.spi. Here's a list of them:
Table 27.1.
Exception
HTTP Code
Description
ReaderException
400
All exceptions thrown from
MessageBodyReaders
are
wrapped within this exception.
If there is no ExceptionMapper
for the wrapped exception
or if the exception isn't
a WebApplicationException,
then resteasy will return a 400
code by default.
WriterException
500
All
exceptions
thrown
from MessageBodyWriters are
wrapped within this exception.
If there is no ExceptionMapper
for the wrapped exception
or if the exception isn't
a WebApplicationException,
then resteasy will return a 400
code by default.
o.j.r.plugins.providers.jaxb.JAXBUnmarshalException
400
The
(XML
JAXB
providers
and Jettison) throw
this exception on reads.
They may be wrapping
JAXBExceptions. This class
extends ReaderException
130
Overriding Resteasy Builtin Exceptions
Exception
HTTP Code
o.j.r.plugins.providers.jaxb.JAXBMarshalException
500
Description
The
(XML
JAXB
providers
and Jettison) throw
this exception on writes.
They may be wrapping
JAXBExceptions. This class
extends WriterException
ApplicationException
N/A
This exception wraps all
exceptions
thrown
from
application code. It functions
much in the same way as
InvocationTargetException. If
there is an ExceptionMapper
for wrapped exception, then
that is used to handle the
request.
Failure
N/A
Internal Resteasy. Not logged
LoggableFailure
N/A
Internal
Logged
DefaultOptionsMethodExceptionN/A
Resteasy
error.
If the user invokes HTTP
OPTIONS and no JAXRS method for it, Resteasy
provides a default behavior by
throwing this exception
27.3. Overriding Resteasy Builtin Exceptions
You may override Resteasy built-in exceptions by writing an ExceptionMapper for the exception.
For that matter, you can write an ExceptionMapper for any thrown exception including
WebApplicationException
131
132
Chapter 28.
Chapter 28. Configuring Individual
JAX-RS Resource Beans
If you are scanning your path for JAX-RS annotated resource beans, your beans will be registered
in per-request mode. This means an instance will be created per HTTP request served. Generally,
you will need information from your environment. If you are running within a servlet container
using the WAR-file distribution, in Beta-2 and lower, you can only use the JNDI lookups to obtain
references to Java EE resources and configuration information. In this case, define your EE
configuration (i.e. ejb-ref, env-entry, persistence-context-ref, etc...) within web.xml of the resteasy
WAR file. Then within your code do jndi lookups in the java:comp namespace. For example:
web.xml
ejb/foo
...
resource code:
@Path("/")
public class MyBean {
public Object getSomethingFromJndi() {
new InitialContext.lookup("java:comp/ejb/foo");
}
...
}
You can also manually configure and register your beans through the Registry. To do this in a
WAR-based deployment, you need to write a specific ServletContextListener to do this. Within the
listener, you can obtain a reference to the registry as follows:
public class MyManualConfig implements ServletContextListener
133
Chapter 28. Configuring Indiv...
{
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event)
{
Registry
registry
=
event.getServletContext().getAttribute(Registry.class.getName());
(Registry)
}
...
}
Please also take a look at our Spring Integration as well as the Embedded Container's Spring
Integration
134
Chapter 29.
Chapter 29. GZIP Compression/
Decompression
Resteasy supports (though not by default - see below) GZIP decompression. If properly
configured, the client framework or a JAX-RS service, upon receiving a message body with a
Content-Encoding of "gzip", will automatically decompress it. The client framework can (though
not by default - see below) automatically set the Accept-Encoding header to be "gzip, deflate" so
you do not have to set this header yourself.
Resteasy also supports (though not by default - see below) automatic compression. If the
client framework is sending a request or the server is sending a response with the ContentEncoding header set to "gzip", Resteasy will (if properly configured) do the compression.
So that you do not have to set the Content-Encoding header directly, you can use the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotation.GZIP annotation.
@Path("/")
public interface MyProxy {
@Consumes("application/xml")
@PUT
public void put(@GZIP Order order);
}
In the above example, we tag the outgoing message body, order, to be gzip compressed. You
can use the same annotation to tag server responses
@Path("/")
public class MyService {
@GET
@Produces("application/xml")
@GZIP
public String getData() {...}
}
29.1. Configuring GZIP compression / decompression
Note. Decompression carries a risk of attack from a bad actor that can package an entity that will
expand greatly. Consequently, Resteasy disables GZIP compression / decompression by default.
135
Chapter 29. GZIP Compression/...
There are three interceptors that are relevant to GZIP compression / decompression:
1. org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.GZIPDecodingInterceptor: If the Content-Encoding
header is present and has the value "gzip", GZIPDecodingInterceptor will install an
InputStream that decompresses the message body.
2. org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.GZIPEncodingInterceptor: If the Content-Encoding
header is present and has the value "gzip", GZIPEncodingInterceptor will install an
OutputStream that compresses the message body.
3. org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.AcceptEncodingGZIPFilter: If the Accept-Encoding
header does not exist, AcceptEncodingGZIPFilter will add Accept-Encoding with the
value "gzip, deflate". If the Accept-Encoding header exists but does not contain "gzip",
AcceptEncodingGZIPFilter will append ", gzip". Note that enabling GZIP compression /
decompression does not depend on the presence of this interceptor.
If GZIP decompression is enabled, an upper limit is imposed on the number of bytes
GZIPDecodingInterceptor will extract from a compressed message body. The default limit is
10,000,000, but a different value can be configured. See below.
29.1.1. Server side configuration
The interceptors may be enabled by including their classnames in a javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers
file on the classpath. The upper limit on deflated files may be configured by setting the web
application context parameter "resteasy.gzip.max.input". If the limit is exceeded on the server side,
GZIPDecodingInterceptor will return a Response with status 413 ("Request Entity Too Large") and
a message specifying the upper limit.
Note.
moved
As
from
of
release
3.1.0.Final,
the
GZIP
interceptors
have
package
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.encoding
to
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.
and
they
should
be
named
accordingly in javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers. However, they continue to exist in
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.encoding in module resteasy-legacy, so, if
resteasy-legacy is available, the original names can be used. See Chapter Migration to Resteasy
3.1 for more information.
29.1.2. Client side configuration
The interceptors may be enabled by registering them with, for example, a Client or WebTarget.
For example,
Client client = new ResteasyClientBuilder() // Activate gzip compression on
client:
.register(AcceptEncodingGZIPFilter.class)
.register(GZIPDecodingInterceptor.class)
136
Client side configuration
.register(GZIPEncodingInterceptor.class)
.build();
The
upper
limit
on
deflated
files
may
configured
by
creating
an
instance
of
GZIPDecodingInterceptor with a specific value:
Client client = new ResteasyClientBuilder() // Activate gzip compression on
client:
.register(AcceptEncodingGZIPFilter.class)
.register(new GZIPDecodingInterceptor(256))
.register(GZIPEncodingInterceptor.class)
.build();
If the limit is exceeded on the client side, GZIPDecodingInterceptor will throw a
ProcessingException with a message specifying the upper limit.
137
138
Chapter 30.
Chapter 30. CORS
Resteasy has a ContainerRequestFilter that can be used to handle CORS preflight and actual
requests. org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.CorsFilter. You must allocate this
and register it as a singleton provider from your Application class. See the javadoc or its various
settings.
CorsFilter filter = new CorsFilter();
filter.getAllowedOrigins().add("http://localhost");
139
140
Chapter 31.
Chapter 31. Content-Range Support
Resteasy supports Range requests for java.io.File response entities.
@Path("/")
public class Resource {
@GET
@Path("file")
@Produces("text/plain")
public File getFile()
{
return file;
}
}
Response response = client.target(generateURL("/file")).request()
.header("Range", "1-4").get();
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatus(), 206);
Assert.assertEquals(4, response.getLength());
System.out.println("Content-Range: " + response.getHeaderString("ContentRange"));
141
142
Chapter 32.
Chapter 32. Resteasy Caching
Features
Resteasy provides numerous annotations and facilities to support HTTP caching semantics.
Annotations to make setting Cache-Control headers easier and both server-side and client-side
in-memory caches are available.
32.1. @Cache and @NoCache Annotations
Resteasy provides an extension to JAX-RS that allows you to automatically set Cache-Control
headers on a successful GET request. It can only be used on @GET annotated methods. A
successful @GET request is any request that returns 200 OK response.
package org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.cache;
public @interface Cache
{
int maxAge() default -1;
int sMaxAge() default -1;
boolean noStore() default false;
boolean noTransform() default false;
boolean mustRevalidate() default false;
boolean proxyRevalidate() default false;
boolean isPrivate() default false;
}
public @interface NoCache
{
String[] fields() default {};
}
While @Cache builds a complex Cache-Control header, @NoCache is a simplified notation to
say that you don't want anything cached; i.e. Cache-Control: nocache.
These annotations can be put on the resource class or interface and specifies a default cache
value for each @GET resource method. Or they can be put individually on each @GET resource
method.
143
Chapter 32. Resteasy Caching ...
32.2. Client "Browser" Cache
Resteasy has the ability to set up a client-side, browser-like, cache. You can use it with the
Client Proxy Framework, or with ordinary requests. This cache looks for Cache-Control headers
sent back with a server response. If the Cache-Control headers specify that the client is allowed
to cache the response, Resteasy caches it within local memory. The cache obeys max-age
requirements and will also automatically do HTTP 1.1 cache revalidation if either or both the
Last-Modified and/or ETag headers are sent back with the original response. See the HTTP 1.1
specification for details on how Cache-Control or cache revalidation works.
It is very simple to enable caching. Here's an example of using the client cache with the Client
Proxy Framework
@Path("/orders")
public interface OrderServiceClient {
@Path("{id}")
@GET
@Produces("application/xml")
public Order getOrder(@PathParam("id") String id);
}
To create a proxy for this interface and enable caching for that proxy requires only a few simple
steps in which the BrowserCacheFeature is registered:
ResteasyWebTarget
target
=
(ResteasyWebTarget)
ClientBuilder.newClient().target("http://localhost:8081");
BrowserCacheFeature cacheFeature = new BrowserCacheFeature();
OrderServiceClient
orderService
=
target.register(cacheFeature).proxy(OrderServiceClient.class);
BrowserCacheFeature will create a Resteasy LightweightBrowserCache by default. It is also
possible to configure the cache, or install a completely different cache implementation:
ResteasyWebTarget
target
=
(ResteasyWebTarget)
ClientBuilder.newClient().target("http://localhost:8081");
LightweightBrowserCache cache = new LightweightBrowserCache();
cache.setMaxBytes(20);
BrowserCacheFeature cacheFeature = new BrowserCacheFeature();
cacheFeature.setCache(cache);
144
Local Server-Side Response Cache
OrderServiceClient
orderService
=
target.register(cacheFeature).proxy(OrderServiceClient.class);
If you are using the standard JAX-RS client framework to make invocations rather than the proxy
framework, it is just as easy:
ResteasyWebTarget
target
=
(ResteasyWebTarget)
ClientBuilder.newClient().target("http://localhost:8081/orders/{id}");
BrowserCacheFeature cacheFeature = new BrowserCacheFeature();
target.register(cacheFeature);
String rtn = target.resolveTemplate("id", "1").request().get(String.class);
The LightweightBrowserCache, by default, has a maximum 2 megabytes of caching space. You
can change this programmatically by callings its setMaxBytes() method. If the cache gets full, the
cache completely wipes itself of all cached data. This may seem a bit draconian, but the cache
was written to avoid unnecessary synchronizations in a concurrent environment where the cache
is shared between multiple threads. If you desire a more complex caching solution or if you want
to plug in a thirdparty cache please contact our resteasy-developers list and discuss it with the
community.
32.3. Local Server-Side Response Cache
Resteasy has a server-side cache that can sit in front of your JAX-RS services. It automatically
caches marshalled responses from HTTP GET JAX-RS invocations if, and only if your JAX-RS
resource method sets a Cache-Control header. When a GET comes in, the Resteasy Server
Cache checks to see if the URI is stored in the cache. If it does, it returns the already marshalled
response without invoking your JAX-RS method. Each cache entry has a max age to whatever
is specified in the Cache-Control header of the initial request. The cache also will automatically
generate an ETag using an MD5 hash on the response body. This allows the client to do HTTP 1.1
cache revalidation with the IF-NONE-MATCH header. The cache is also smart enough to perform
revalidation if there is no initial cache hit, but the jax-rs method still returns a body that has the
same ETag.
The cache is also automatically invalidated for a particular URI that has PUT, POST,
or DELETE invoked on it. You can also obtain a reference to the cache by injecting a
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.cache.ServerCache via the @Context annotation
@Context
ServerCache cache;
@GET
145
Chapter 32. Resteasy Caching ...
public String get(@Context ServerCache cache) {...}
To
set
up
the
server-side
cache
you
must
register
an
instance
of
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.cache.server.ServerCacheFeature
via
your
Application
getSingletons() or getClasses() methods. The underlying cache is Infinispan. By default, Resteasy
will create an Infinispan cache for you. Alternatively, you can create and pass in an instance of your
cache to the ServerCacheFeature constructor. You can also configure Infinispan by specifying
various context-param variables in your web.xml. First, if you are using Maven you must depend
on the resteasy-cache-core artifact:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-cache-core
3.1.3.Final
The next thing you should probably do is set up the Infinispan configuration in your web.xml.
server.request.cache.infinispan.config.file
infinispan.xml
server.request.cache.infinispan.cache.name
MyCache
server.request.cache.infinispan.config.file can either be a classpath or a file path.
server.request.cache.infinispan.cache.name is the name of the cache you want to reference that
is declared in the config file.
146
HTTP preconditions
32.4. HTTP preconditions
JAX-RS provides an API for evaluating HTTP preconditions based on "If-Match", "If-NoneMatch", "If-Modified-Since" and "If-Unmodified-Since" headers.
Response.ResponseBuilder
request.evaluatePreconditions(lastModified, etag);
rb
=
By default Resteasy will return status code 304 (Not modified) or 412 (Precondition failed) if any of
conditions fails. However it is not compliant with RFC 7232 which states that headers "If-Match",
"If-None-Match" MUST have higher precedence. You can enable RFC 7232 compatible mode
by setting resteasy.rfc7232preconditions context parameter to true
147
148
Chapter 33.
Chapter 33. Filters and Interceptors
JAX-RS 2.0 has two different concepts for interceptions: Filters and Interceptors. Filters are mainly
used to modify or process incoming and outgoing request headers or response headers. They
execute before and after request and response processing.
33.1. Server Side Filters
On the server-side you have two different types of filters. ContainerRequestFilters run before
your JAX-RS resource method is invoked. ContainerResponseFilters run after your JAXRS resource method is invoked. As an added caveat, ContainerRequestFilters come in two
flavors: pre-match and post-matching. Pre-matching ContainerRequestFilters are designated
with the @PreMatching annotation and will execute before the JAX-RS resource method
is matched with the incoming HTTP request. Pre-matching filters often are used to modify
request attributes to change how it matches to a specific resource method (i.e. strip .xml
and add an Accept header). ContainerRequestFilters can abort the request by calling
ContainerRequestContext.abortWith(Response). A filter might want to abort if it implements a
custom authentication protocol.
After the resource class method is executed, JAX-RS will run all ContainerResponseFilters. These
filters allow you to modify the outgoing response before it is marshalling and sent to the client. So
given all that, here's some pseudo code to give some understanding of how things work.
// execute pre match filters
for (ContainerRequestFilter filter : preMatchFilters) {
filter.filter(requestContext);
if (isAborted(requestContext)) {
sendAbortionToClient(requestContext);
return;
}
}
// match the HTTP request to a resource class and method
JaxrsMethod method = matchMethod(requestContext);
// Execute post match filters
for (ContainerRequestFilter filter : postMatchFilters) {
filter.filter(requestContext);
if (isAborted(requestContext)) {
sendAbortionToClient(requestContext);
return;
}
}
// execute resource class method
method.execute(request);
149
Chapter 33. Filters and Inter...
// execute response filters
for (ContainerResponseFilter filter : responseFilters) {
filter.filter(requestContext, responseContext);
}
33.2. Client Side Filters
On the client side you also have two types of filters: ClientRequestFilter and ClientResponseFilter.
ClientRequestFilters run before your HTTP request is sent over the wire to the server.
ClientResponseFilters run after a response is received from the server, but before the response
body is unmarshalled. ClientRequestFilters are also allowed to abort the execute of the request
and provide a canned response without going over the wire to the server. ClientResponseFilters
can modfiy the Response object before it is handed back to application code. Here's some pseudo
code to illustrate things.
// execute request filters
for (ClientRequestFilter filter : requestFilters) {
filter.filter(requestContext);
if (isAborted(requestContext)) {
return requestContext.getAbortedResponseObject();
}
}
// send request over the wire
response = sendRequest(request);
// execute response filters
for (ClientResponseFilter filter : responseFilters) {
filter.filter(requestContext, responseContext);
}
33.3. Reader and Writer Interceptors
While filters modify request or response headers, interceptors deal with message bodies.
Interceptors are executed in the same call stack as their corresponding reader or writer.
ReaderInterceptors wrap around the execution of MessageBodyReaders. WriterInterceptors wrap
around the execution of MessageBodyWriters. They can be used to implement a specific contentencoding. They can be used to generate digital signatures or to post or pre-process a Java object
model before or after it is marshalled.
150
Per Resource Method Filters and Interceptors
33.4. Per Resource Method Filters and Interceptors
Sometimes you want a filter or interceptor to only run for a specific resource method. You
can do this in two different ways: register an implementation of DynamicFeature or use the
@NameBinding annotation. The DynamicFeature interface is executed at deployment time
for each resource method. You just use the Configurable interface to register the filters and
interceptors you want for the specific resource method. @NameBinding works a lot like CDI
interceptors. You annotate a custom annotation with @NameBinding and then apply that custom
annotation to your filter and resource method
@NameBinding
public @interface DoIt {}
@DoIt
public class MyFilter implements ContainerRequestFilter {...}
@Path("/root")
public class MyResource {
@GET
@DoIt
public String get() {...}
}
33.5. Ordering
Ordering is accomplished by using the @BindingPriority annotation on your filter or interceptor
class.
151
152
Chapter 34.
Chapter 34. Asynchronous HTTP
Request Processing
Asynchronous HTTP Request Processing is a relatively new technique that allows you to process
a single HTTP request using non-blocking I/O and, if desired in separate threads. Some refer to
it as COMET capabilities. The primary use case for Asynchronous HTTP is in the case where the
client is polling the server for a delayed response. The usual example is an AJAX chat client where
you want to push/pull from both the client and the server. These scenarios have the client blocking
a long time on the server’s socket waiting for a new message. What happens in synchronous
HTTP where the server is blocking on incoming and outgoing I/O is that you end up having a thread
consumed per client connection. This eats up memory and valuable thread resources. Not such
a big deal in 90% of applications (in fact using asynchronous processing may actually hurt your
performance in most common scenarios), but when you start getting a lot of concurrent clients that
are blocking like this, there’s a lot of wasted resources and your server does not scale that well.
The JAX-RS 2.0 specification has added asynchronous HTTP support via two classes. The
@Suspended annotation, and AsyncResponse interface.
Injecting an AsynchronousResponse as a parameter to your jax-rs methods tells Resteasy that
the HTTP request/response should be detached from the currently executing thread and that the
current thread should not try to automatically process the response.
The AsyncResponse is the callback object. The act of calling one of the resume() methods will
cause a response to be sent back to the client and will also terminate the HTTP request. Here is
an example of asynchronous processing:
import javax.ws.rs.Suspend;
import javax.ws.rs.core.AsynchronousResponse;
@Path("/")
public class SimpleResource
{
@GET
@Path("basic")
@Produces("text/plain")
public void getBasic(@Suspended final AsyncResponse response) throws Exception
{
Thread t = new Thread()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
153
Chapter 34. Asynchronous HTTP...
try
{
Response
jaxrs
=
Response.ok("basic").type(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).build();
response.resume(jaxrs);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t.start();
}
}
AsyncResponse also has other methods to cancel the execution. See javadoc for more details.
NOTE: The old Resteasy proprietary API for async http has been deprecated and may be removed
as soon as Resteasy 3.1. In particular, the Resteasy @Suspend annotation is replaced by
javax.ws.rs.container.Suspended, and org.jboss.resteasy.spi.AsynchronousResponse
is replaced by javax.ws.rs.container.AsyncResponse. Note that @Suspended does not have
a value field, which represented a timeout limit. Instead, AsyncResponse.setTimeout() may be
called.
154
Chapter 35.
Chapter 35. Asynchronous Job
Service
The Resteasy Asynchronous Job Service is an implementation of the Asynchronous Job pattern
defined in O'Reilly's "Restful Web Services" book. The idea of it is to bring asynchronicity to a
synchronous protocol.
35.1. Using Async Jobs
While HTTP is a synchronous protocol it does have a faint idea of asynchronous invocations.
The HTTP 1.1 response code 202, "Accepted" means that the server has received and accepted
the response for processing, but the processing has not yet been completed. The Resteasy
Asynchronous Job Service builds around this idea.
POST http://example.com/myservice?asynch=true
For example, if you make the above post with the asynch query parameter set to true, Resteasy
will return a 202, "Accepted" response code and run the invocation in the background. It also
sends back a Location header with a URL pointing to where the response of the background
method is located.
HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted
Location: http://example.com/asynch/jobs/3332334
The URI will have the form of:
/asynch/jobs/{job-id}?wait={millisconds}|nowait=true
You can perform the GET, POST, and DELETE operations on this job URL. GET returns whatever
the JAX-RS resource method you invoked returned as a response if the job was completed. If
the job has not completed, this GET will return a response code of 202, Accepted. Invoking GET
does not remove the job, so you can call it multiple times. When Resteasy's job queue gets full,
it will evict the least recently used job from memory. You can manually clean up after yourself by
calling DELETE on the URI. POST does a read of the JOB response and will remove the JOB
it has been completed.
155
Chapter 35. Asynchronous Job ...
Both GET and POST allow you to specify a maximum wait time in milliseconds, a "wait" query
parameter. Here's an example:
POST http://example.com/asynch/jobs/122?wait=3000
If you do not specify a "wait" parameter, the GET or POST will not wait at all if the job is not
complete.
NOTE!! While you can invoke GET, DELETE, and PUT methods asynchronously, this breaks the
HTTP 1.1 contract of these methods. While these invocations may not change the state of the
resource if invoked more than once, they do change the state of the server as new Job entries with
each invocation. If you want to be a purist, stick with only invoking POST methods asynchronously.
Security NOTE! Resteasy role-based security (annotations) does not work with the Asynchronous
Job Service. You must use XML declarative security within your web.xml file. Why? It is impossible
to implement role-based security portably. In the future, we may have specific JBoss integration,
but will not support other environments.
NOTE. A SecureRandom object is used to generate unique job ids. For security purposes, the
SecureRandom is periodically reseeded. By default, it is reseeded after 100 uses. This value may
be configured with the servlet init parameter "resteasy.secure.random.max.use".
35.2. Oneway: Fire and Forget
Resteasy also supports the notion of fire and forget. This will also return a 202, Accepted response,
but no Job will be created. This is as simple as using the oneway query parameter instead of
asynch. For example:
POST http://example.com/myservice?oneway=true
Security NOTE! Resteasy role-based security (annotations) does not work with the Asynchronous
Job Service. You must use XML declaritive security within your web.xml file. Why? It is impossible
to implement role-based security portably. In the future, we may have specific JBoss integration,
but will not support other environments.
35.3. Setup and Configuration
You must enable the Asynchronous Job Service in your web.xml file as it is not turned on by
default.
156
Setup and Configuration
resteasy.async.job.service.enabled
true
resteasy.async.job.service.max.job.results
100
resteasy.async.job.service.max.wait
300000
resteasy.async.job.service.thread.pool.size
100
resteasy.async.job.service.base.path
/asynch/jobs
...
157
158
Chapter 36.
Chapter 36. Embedded Containers
Resteasy has a few different plugins for different embedabble HTTP and/or Servlet containers if
use Resteasy in a test environment, or within an environment where you do not want a Servlet
engine dependency.
36.1. Undertow
Undertow is a new Servlet Container that is used by WildFly (JBoss Community Server). You can
embed Undertow as you wish. Here's a a test that shows it in action.
import
import
import
import
io.undertow.servlet.api.DeploymentInfo;
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.undertow.UndertowJaxrsServer;
org.jboss.resteasy.test.TestPortProvider;
org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath;
javax.ws.rs.GET;
javax.ws.rs.Path;
javax.ws.rs.Produces;
javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
javax.ws.rs.core.Application;
java.util.HashSet;
java.util.Set;
/**
* @author Bill Burke
* @version $Revision: 1 $
*/
public class UndertowTest
{
private static UndertowJaxrsServer server;
@Path("/test")
public static class Resource
{
@GET
@Produces("text/plain")
public String get()
{
return "hello world";
}
159
Chapter 36. Embedded Containers
}
@ApplicationPath("/base")
public static class MyApp extends Application
{
@Override
public Set> getClasses()
{
HashSet> classes = new HashSet>();
classes.add(Resource.class);
return classes;
}
}
@BeforeClass
public static void init() throws Exception
{
server = new UndertowJaxrsServer().start();
}
@AfterClass
public static void stop() throws Exception
{
server.stop();
}
@Test
public void testApplicationPath() throws Exception
{
server.deploy(MyApp.class);
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
String val = client.target(TestPortProvider.generateURL("/base/test"))
.request().get(String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("hello world", val);
client.close();
}
@Test
public void testApplicationContext() throws Exception
{
server.deploy(MyApp.class, "/root");
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
String val = client.target(TestPortProvider.generateURL("/root/test"))
.request().get(String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("hello world", val);
client.close();
}
@Test
160
Sun JDK HTTP Server
public void testDeploymentInfo() throws Exception
{
DeploymentInfo di = server.undertowDeployment(MyApp.class);
di.setContextPath("/di");
di.setDeploymentName("DI");
server.deploy(di);
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
String val = client.target(TestPortProvider.generateURL("/di/base/test"))
.request().get(String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("hello world", val);
client.close();
}
}
36.2. Sun JDK HTTP Server
The
Sun
JDK
comes
with
a
simple
HTTP
server
(com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer) which you can run Resteasy on top of.
implementation
HttpServer httpServer = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(port), 10);
contextBuilder = new HttpContextBuilder();
contextBuilder.getDeployment().getActualResourceClasses().add(SimpleResource.class);
HttpContext context = contextBuilder.bind(httpServer);
context.getAttributes().put("some.config.info", "42");
httpServer.start();
contextBuilder.cleanup();
httpServer.stop(0);
Create
your
HttpServer
the
way
you
want
then
use
the
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.sun.http.HttpContextBuilder to initialize Resteasy and bind
it to an HttpContext. The HttpContext attributes are available by injecting in a
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyConfiguration interface using @Context within your provider and
resource classes.
Maven project you must include is:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-jdk-http
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Chapter 36. Embedded Containers
3.1.3.Final
36.3. TJWS Embeddable Servlet Container
RESTEasy integrates with the TJWS Embeddable Servlet container. It comes with this distribution,
or you can reference the Maven artifact. You must also provide a servlet API dependency as well.
org.jboss.resteasy
tjws
3.1.3.Final
javax.servlet
servlet-api
2.5
From the distribution, move the jars in resteasy-jaxrs.war/WEB-INF/lib into your classpath. You
must both programmatically register your JAX-RS beans using the embedded server's Registry.
Here's an example:
@Path("/")
public class MyResource {
@GET
public String get() { return "hello world"; }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TJWSEmbeddedJaxrsServer tjws = new TJWSEmbeddedJaxrsServer();
tjws.setPort(8080);
tjws.start();
tjws.getRegistry().addPerRequestResource(RestEasy485Resource.class);
}
}
162
Netty
The server can either host non-encrypted or SSL based resources, but not both. See the Javadoc
for TJWSEmbeddedJaxrsServer as well as its superclass TJWSServletServer. The TJWS website
is also a good place for information.
If you want to use Spring, see the SpringBeanProcessor. Here's a pseudo-code example
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
final TJWSEmbeddedJaxrsServer tjws = new TJWSEmbeddedJaxrsServer();
tjws.setPort(8081);
tjws.start();
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.SpringBeanProcessor
processor
=
new
SpringBeanProcessor(tjws.getDeployment().getRegistry(),
tjws.getDeployment().getFactory();
ConfigurableBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(...);
factory.addBeanPostProcessor(processor);
}
NOTE: TJWS is now deprecated. Consider using the more modern Undertow.
36.4. Netty
Resteasy has integration with the popular Netty project as well..
public static void start(ResteasyDeployment deployment) throws Exception
{
netty = new NettyJaxrsServer();
netty.setDeployment(deployment);
netty.setPort(TestPortProvider.getPort());
netty.setRootResourcePath("");
netty.setSecurityDomain(null);
netty.start();
}
Maven project you must include is:
org.jboss.resteasy
163
Chapter 36. Embedded Containers
resteasy-netty
3.1.3.Final
36.5. Vert.x
Resteasy has integration with the popular Vert.x project as well..
public static void start(VertxResteasyDeployment deployment) throws Exception
{
VertxJaxrsServer server = new VertxJaxrsServer();
server.setDeployment(deployment);
server.setPort(TestPortProvider.getPort());
server.setRootResourcePath("");
server.setSecurityDomain(null);
server.start();
}
Maven project you must include is:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-vertx
3.1.3.Final
The server will bootstrap its own Vert.x instance and Http server.
When a resource is called, it is done with the Vert.x Event Loop thread, keep in mind to not block
this thread and respect the Vert.x programming model, see the related Vert.x manual page [http://
vertx.io/docs/vertx-core/java/#_don_t_block_me].
Vert.x extends the Resteasy registry to provide a new binding scope that creates resources per
Event Loop:
VertxResteasyDeployment deployment = new VertxResteasyDeployment();
// Create an instance of resource per Event Loop
deployment.getRegistry().addPerInstanceResource(Resource.class);
164
Vert.x
The per instance binding scope caches the same resource instance for each event loop providing
the same concurrency model than a verticle deployed multiple times.
Vert.x can also embed a Resteasy deployment, making easy to use Jax-RS annotated controller
in Vert.x applications:
Vertx vertx = Vertx.vertx();
HttpServer server = vertx.createHttpServer();
// Set an handler calling Resteasy
server.requestHandler(new VertxRequestHandler(vertx, deployment));
// Start the server
server.listen(8080, "localhost");
Vert.x objects can be injected in annotated resources:
@GET
@Path("/somepath")
@Produces("text/plain")
public String context(
@Context io.vertx.core.Context context,
@Context io.vertx.core.Vertx vertx,
@Context io.vertx.core.http.HttpServerRequest req,
@Context io.vertx.core.http.HttpServerResponse resp) {
return "the-response";
}
165
166
Chapter 37.
Chapter 37. Server-side Mock
Framework
Although RESTEasy has an Embeddable Container, you may not be comfortable with the idea of
starting and stopping a web server within unit tests (in reality, the embedded container starts in milli
seconds), or you might not like the idea of using Apache HTTP Client or java.net.URL to test your
code. RESTEasy provides a mock framework so that you can invoke on your resource directly.
import org.jboss.resteasy.mock.*;
...
Dispatcher dispatcher = MockDispatcherFactory.createDispatcher();
POJOResourceFactory
noDefaults
POJOResourceFactory(LocatingResource.class);
dispatcher.getRegistry().addResourceFactory(noDefaults);
=
new
{
MockHttpRequest request = MockHttpRequest.get("/locating/basic");
MockHttpResponse response = new MockHttpResponse();
dispatcher.invoke(request, response);
Assert.assertEquals(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, response.getStatus());
Assert.assertEquals("basic", response.getContentAsString());
}
See the RESTEasy Javadoc for all the ease-of-use methods associated with MockHttpRequest,
and MockHttpResponse.
167
168
Chapter 38.
Chapter 38. Securing JAX-RS and
RESTEasy
Because Resteasy is deployed as a servlet, you must use standard web.xml constraints to enable
authentication and authorization.
Unfortunately, web.xml constraints do not mesh very well with JAX-RS in some situations. The
problem is that web.xml URL pattern matching is very very limited. URL patterns in web.xml only
support simple wildcards, so JAX-RS resources like:
/{pathparam1}/foo/bar/{pathparam2}
Cannot be mapped as a web.xml URL pattern like:
/*/foo/bar/*
To get around this problem you will need to use the security annotations defined below on your
JAX-RS methods. You will still need to set up some general security constraint elements in
web.xml to turn on authentication.
Resteasy JAX-RS supports the @RolesAllowed, @PermitAll and @DenyAll annotations on JAXRS methods. By default though, Resteasy does not recognize these annotations. You have to
configure Resteasy to turn on role-based security by setting a context parameter. NOTE!!! Do not
turn on this switch if you are using EJBs. The EJB container will provide this functionality instead
of Resteasy.
...
resteasy.role.based.security
true
There is a bit of quirkiness with this approach. You will have to declare all roles used within
the Resteasy JAX-RS war file that you are using in your JAX-RS classes and set up a security
169
Chapter 38. Securing JAX-RS a...
constraint that permits all of these roles access to every URL handled by the JAX-RS runtime.
You'll just have to trust that Resteasy JAX-RS authorizes properly.
How does Resteasy do authorization? Well, its really simple. It just sees if a method is
annotated with @RolesAllowed and then just does HttpServletRequest.isUserInRole. If one of the
@RolesAllowed passes, then allow the request, otherwise, a response is sent back with a 401
(Unauthorized) response code.
So, here's an example of a modified RESTEasy WAR file. You'll notice that every role declared is
allowed access to every URL controlled by the Resteasy servlet.
resteasy.role.based.security
true
Resteasy
/security
admin
user
BASIC
Test
admin
user
...
170
Chapter 39.
Chapter 39. JSON Web Signature
and Encryption (JOSE-JWT)
JSON Web Signature and Encryption (JOSE JWT) is a new specification that can be used to
encode content as a string and either digitally sign or encrypt it. I won't go over the spec here Do
a Google search on it if you're interested
39.1. JSON Web Signature (JWS)
To digitally sign content using JWS, use the org.jboss.resteasy.jose.jws.JWSBuilder class.
To unpack and verify a JWS, use the org.jboss.resteasy.jose.jws.JWSInput class. (TODO,
write more doco here!) Here's an example:
@Test
public void testRSAWithContentType() throws Exception
{
KeyPair keyPair = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA").generateKeyPair();
String encoded = new JWSBuilder()
.contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_TYPE)
.content("Hello World", MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_TYPE)
.rsa256(keyPair.getPrivate());
System.out.println(encoded);
JWSInput
input
=
new
JWSInput(encoded,
ResteasyProviderFactory.getInstance());
System.out.println(input.getHeader());
String msg = (String)input.readContent(String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("Hello World", msg);
Assert.assertTrue(RSAProvider.verify(input, keyPair.getPublic()));
}
39.2. JSON Web Encryption (JWE)
To encrypt content using JWE, use the org.jboss.resteasy.jose.jwe.JWEBuilder class. To
decrypt content using JWE, use the org.jboss.resteasy.jose.jwe.JWEInput class. (TODO,
write more doco here!) Here's an example:
171
Chapter 39. JSON Web Signatur...
@Test
public void testRSA() throws Exception
{
KeyPair keyPair = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA").generateKeyPair();
String content = "Live long and prosper.";
{
String
encoded
=
new
JWEBuilder().contentBytes(content.getBytes()).RSA1_5((RSAPublicKey)keyPair.getPublic());
System.out.println("encoded: " + encoded);
byte[]
raw
=
new
JWEInput(encoded).decrypt((RSAPrivateKey)keyPair.getPrivate()).getRawContent();
String from = new String(raw);
Assert.assertEquals(content, from);
}
{
String
encoded
=
new
JWEBuilder().contentBytes(content.getBytes()).RSA_OAEP((RSAPublicKey)keyPair.getPublic());
System.out.println("encoded: " + encoded);
byte[]
raw
=
new
JWEInput(encoded).decrypt((RSAPrivateKey)keyPair.getPrivate()).getRawContent();
String from = new String(raw);
Assert.assertEquals(content, from);
}
{
String
encoded
=
new
JWEBuilder().contentBytes(content.getBytes()).A128CBC_HS256().RSA1_5((RSAPublicKey)keyPair.get
System.out.println("encoded: " + encoded);
byte[]
raw
=
new
JWEInput(encoded).decrypt((RSAPrivateKey)keyPair.getPrivate()).getRawContent();
String from = new String(raw);
Assert.assertEquals(content, from);
}
{
String
encoded
=
new
JWEBuilder().contentBytes(content.getBytes()).A128CBC_HS256().RSA_OAEP((RSAPublicKey)keyPair.g
System.out.println("encoded: " + encoded);
byte[]
raw
=
new
JWEInput(encoded).decrypt((RSAPrivateKey)keyPair.getPrivate()).getRawContent();
String from = new String(raw);
Assert.assertEquals(content, from);
}
}
@Test
172
JSON Web Encryption (JWE)
public void testDirect() throws Exception
{
String content = "Live long and prosper.";
String
encoded
=
new
JWEBuilder().contentBytes(content.getBytes()).dir("geheim");
System.out.println("encoded: " + encoded);
byte[] raw = new JWEInput(encoded).decrypt("geheim").getRawContent();
String from = new String(raw);
Assert.assertEquals(content, from);
}
173
174
Chapter 40.
Chapter 40. Doseta Digital
Signature Framework
Digital signatures allow you to protect the integrity of a message. They are used to verify that a
message sent was sent by the actual user that sent the message and was modified in transit.
Most web apps handle message integrity by using TLS, like HTTPS, to secure the connection
between the client and server. Sometimes though, we have representations that are going to
be forwarded to more than one recipient. Some representations may hop around from server to
server. In this case, TLS is not enough. There needs to be a mechanism to verify who sent the
original representation and that they actually sent that message. This is where digital signatures
come in.
While the mime type multiple/signed exists, it does have drawbacks. Most importantly it requires
the receiver of the message body to understand how to unpack. A receiver may not understand
this mime type. A better approach would be to put signatures in an HTTP header so that receivers
that don't need to worry about the digital signature, don't have to.
The email world has a nice protocol called Domain Keys Identified Mail [http://dkim.org] (DKIM).
Work is also being done to apply this header to protocols other than email (i.e. HTTP) through
the DOSETA specifications [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-crocker-doseta-base-02]. It allows you
to sign a message body and attach the signature via a DKIM-Signature header. Signatures are
calculated by first hashing the message body then combining this hash with an arbitrary set of
metadata included within the DKIM-Signature header. You can also add other request or response
headers to the calculation of the signature. Adding metadata to the signature calculation gives
you a lot of flexibility to piggyback various features like expiration and authorization. Here's what
an example DKIM-Signature header might look like.
DKIM-Signature: v=1;
a=rsa-sha256;
d=example.com;
s=burke;
c=simple/simple;
h=Content-Type;
x=0023423111111;
bh=2342322111;
b=M232234=
As you can see it is a set of name value pairs delimited by a ';'. While its not THAT important to
know the structure of the header, here's an explanation of each parameter:
v
Protocol version. Always 1.
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Chapter 40. Doseta Digital Si...
a
Algorithm used to hash and sign the message. RSA signing and SHA256 hashing is the only
supported algorithm at the moment by Resteasy.
d
Domain of the signer. This is used to identify the signer as well as discover the public key to
use to verify the signature.
s
Selector of the domain. Also used to identify the signer and discover the public key.
c
Canonical algorithm. Only simple/simple is supported at the moment. Basically this allows you
to transform the message body before calculating the hash
h
Semi-colon delimited list of headers that are included in the signature calculation.
x
When the signature expires. This is a numeric long value of the time in seconds since epoch.
Allows signer to control when a signed message's signature expires
t
Timestamp of signature. Numeric long value of the time in seconds since epoch. Allows the
verifier to control when a signature expires.
bh
Base 64 encoded hash of the message body.
b
Base 64 encoded signature.
To verify a signature you need a public key. DKIM uses DNS text records to discover a public
key. To find a public key, the verifier concatenates the Selector (s parameter) with the domain
(d parameter)
._domainKey.
It then takes that string and does a DNS request to retrieve a TXT record under that entry. In
our above example burke._domainKey.example.com would be used as a string. This is a every
interesting way to publish public keys. For one, it becomes very easy for verifiers to find public
keys. There's no real central store that is needed. DNS is a infrastructure IT knows how to deploy.
Verifiers can choose which domains they allow requests from. Resteasy supports discovering
public keys via DNS. It also instead allows you to discover public keys within a local Java KeyStore
if you do not want to use DNS. It also allows you to plug in your own mechanism to discover keys.
If you're interested in learning the possible use cases for digital signatures, here's a blog [http://
bill.burkecentral.com/2011/02/21/multiple-uses-for-content-signature/] you might find interesting.
176
Maven settings
40.1. Maven settings
You must include the resteasy-crypto project to use the digital signature framework.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-crypto
3.1.3.Final
40.2. Signing API
To sign a request or response using the Resteasy client or server framework you need to create an
instance of org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.DKIMSignature. This class represents the DKIMSignature header. You instantiate the DKIMSignature object and then set the "DKIM-Signature"
header of the request or response. Here's an example of using it on the server-side:
import org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.DKIMSignature;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
@Path("/signed")
public static class SignedResource
{
@GET
@Path("manual")
@Produces("text/plain")
public Response getManual()
{
PrivateKey privateKey = ....; // get the private key to sign message
DKIMSignature signature = new DKIMSignature();
signature.setSelector("test");
signature.setDomain("samplezone.org");
signature.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
Response.ResponseBuilder builder = Response.ok("hello world");
builder.header(DKIMSignature.DKIM_SIGNATURE, signature);
return builder.build();
}
}
// client example
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Chapter 40. Doseta Digital Si...
DKIMSignature signature = new DKIMSignature();
PrivateKey privateKey = ...; // go find it
signature.setSelector("test");
signature.setDomain("samplezone.org");
signature.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
ClientRequest request = new ClientRequest("http://...");
request.header("DKIM-Signature", signature);
request.body("text/plain", "some body to sign");
ClientResponse response = request.put();
To sign a message you need a PrivateKey. This can be generated by KeyTool or manually using
regular, standard JDK Signature APIs. Resteasy currently only supports RSA key pairs. The
DKIMSignature class also allows you to add and control how various pieces of metadata are added
to the DKIM-Signature header and the signature calculation. See the javadoc for more details.
If you are including more than one signature, then just add additional DKIMSignature instances
to the headers of the request or response.
40.2.1. @Signed annotation
Instead of using the API, Resteasy also provides you an annotation alternative
to the manual way of signing using a DKIMSignature instances is to use the
@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.security.doseta.Signed annotation. It is required that you
configure a KeyRepository as described later in this chapter. Here's an example:
@GET
@Produces("text/plain")
@Path("signedresource")
@Signed(selector="burke",
expires=@After(hours=24))
public String getSigned()
{
return "hello world";
}
domain="sample.com",
timestamped=true,
The above example using a bunch of the optional annotation attributes of @Signed to create the
following Content-Signature header:
DKIM-Signature: v=1;
a=rsa-sha256;
c=simple/simple;
domain=sample.com;
s=burke;
178
Signature Verification API
t=02342342341;
x=02342342322;
bh=m0234fsefasf==;
b=mababaddbb==
This annotation also works with the client proxy framework.
40.3. Signature Verification API
If you want fine grain control over verification, this is an API to verify signatures manually. Its a
little tricky because you'll need the raw bytes of the HTTP message body in order to verify the
signature. You can get at an unmarshalled message body as well as the underlying raw bytes
by using a org.jboss.resteasy.spi.MarshalledEntity injection. Here's an example of doing this on
the server side:
import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.MarshalledEntity;
@POST
@Consumes("text/plain")
@Path("verify-manual")
public
void
verifyManual(@HeaderParam("Content-Signature")
DKIMSignature
signature,
@Context KeyRepository repository,
@Context HttpHeaders headers,
MarshalledEntity input) throws Exception
{
Verifier verifier = new Verifier();
Verification verification = verifier.addNew();
verification.setRepository(repository);
verification.setStaleCheck(true);
verification.setStaleSeconds(100);
try {
verifier.verifySignature(headers.getRequestHeaders(),
input.getMarshalledBytes, signature);
} catch (SignatureException ex) {
}
System.out.println("The text message posted is: " + input.getEntity());
}
MarshalledEntity is a generic interface. The template parameter should be the Java type you want
the message body to be converted into. You will also have to configure a KeyRepository. This is
describe later in this chapter.
The client side is a little bit different:
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Chapter 40. Doseta Digital Si...
ClientRequest request = new ClientRequest("http://localhost:9095/signed"));
ClientResponse response = request.get(String.class);
Verifier verifier = new Verifier();
Verification verification = verifier.addNew();
verification.setRepository(repository);
response.getProperties().put(Verifier.class.getName(), verifier);
// signature verification happens when you get the entity
String entity = response.getEntity();
On the client side, you create a verifier and add it as a property to the
ClientResponse. This will trigger the verification interceptors.
40.3.1. Annotation-based verification
The easiest way to verify a signature sent in a HTTP request on the server side is to use
the @@org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.security.doseta.Verify (or @Verifications which is used to
verify multiple signatures). Here's an example:
@POST
@Consumes("text/plain")
@Verify
public void post(String input)
{
}
In the above example, any DKIM-Signature headers attached to the posted message body will
be verified. The public key to verify is discovered using the configured KeyRepository (discussed
later in this chapter). You can also specify which specific signatures you want to verify as well
as define multiple verifications you want to happen via the @Verifications annotation. Here's a
complex example:
@POST
@Consumes("text/plain")
@Verifications(
@Verify(identifierName="d",
identiferValue="inventory.com",
stale=@After(days=2)),
@Verify(identifierName="d", identiferValue="bill.com")
}
180
Managing Keys via a KeyRepository
public void post(String input) {...}
The above is expecting 2 different signature to be included within the DKIM-Signature header.
Failed
verifications
will
throw
an
org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.UnauthorizedSignatureException. This causes a 401 error
code to be sent back to the client. If you catch this exception using an ExceptionHandler you can
browse the failure results.
40.4. Managing Keys via a KeyRepository
Resteasy manages keys for you through a org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.KeyRepository. By
default, the KeyRepository is backed by a Java KeyStore. Private keys are always discovered
by looking into this KeyStore. Public keys may also be discovered via a DNS text (TXT) record
lookup if configured to do so. You can also implement and plug in your own implementation of
KeyRepository.
40.4.1. Create a KeyStore
Use the Java keytool to generate RSA key pairs. Key aliases MUST HAVE the form of:
._domainKey.
For example:
$ keytool -genkeypair -alias burke._domainKey.example.com -keyalg RSA -keysize
1024 -keystore my-apps.jks
You can always import your own official certificates too. See the JDK documentation for more
details.
40.4.2. Configure Restreasy to use the KeyRepository
Next you need to configure the KeyRepository in your web.xml file so that it is created and
made available to Resteasy to discover private and public keys.You can reference a Java
key store you want the Resteasy signature framework to use within web.xml using either
resteasy.keystore.classpath or resteasy.keystore.filename context parameters. You
must also specify the password (sorry its clear text) using the resteasy.keystore.password
context parameter. The resteasy.context.objects is used to create the instance of the repository.
For example:
resteasy.doseta.keystore.classpath
test.jks
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Chapter 40. Doseta Digital Si...
resteasy.doseta.keystore.password
geheim
resteasy.context.objects
org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.KeyRepository
:
value>
You can also manually register your own instance of a KeyRepository within an Application class.
For example:
import org.jboss.resteasy.core.Dispatcher;
import org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.KeyRepository;
import org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.DosetaKeyRepository;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Application;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
public class SignatureApplication extends Application
{
private HashSet> classes = new HashSet>();
private KeyRepository repository;
public SignatureApplication(@Context Dispatcher dispatcher)
{
classes.add(SignedResource.class);
repository = new DosetaKeyRepository();
repository.setKeyStorePath("test.jks");
repository.setKeyStorePassword("password");
repository.setUseDns(false);
repository.start();
dispatcher.getDefaultContextObjects().put(KeyRepository.class, repository);
}
@Override
public Set> getClasses()
{
return classes;
}
}
182
Using DNS to Discover Public Keys
On the client side, you can load a KeyStore manually, by instantiating an instance of
org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.DosetaKeyRepository. You then set a request attribute,
"org.jboss.resteasy.security.doseta.KeyRepository", with the value of the created instance. Use
the ClientRequest.getAttributes() method to do this. For example:
DosetaKeyRepository keyRepository = new DoestaKeyRepository();
repository.setKeyStorePath("test.jks");
repository.setKeyStorePassword("password");
repository.setUseDns(false);
repository.start();
DKIMSignature signature = new DKIMSignature();
signature.setDomain("example.com");
ClientRequest request = new ClientRequest("http://...");
request.getAttributes().put(KeyRepository.class.getName(), repository);
request.header("DKIM-Signature", signatures);
40.4.3. Using DNS to Discover Public Keys
Public keys can also be discover by a DNS text record lookup. You must configure web.xml to
turn this feature:
resteasy.doseta.use.dns
true
resteasy.doseta.dns.uri
dns://localhost:9095
The resteasy.doseta.dns.uri context-param is optional and allows you to point to a specific DNS
server to locate text records.
40.4.3.1. Configuring DNS TXT Records
DNS TXT Records are stored via a format described by the DOSETA specification. The public
key is defined via a base 64 encoding. You can obtain this text encoding by exporting your public
keys from your keystore, then using a tool like openssl to get the text-based format. For example:
183
Chapter 40. Doseta Digital Si...
$ keytool -export -alias bill._domainKey.client.com -keystore client.jks -file
bill.der
$ openssl x509 -noout -pubkey -in bill.der -inform der > bill.pem
The output will look something like:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCKxct5GHz8dFw0mzAMfvNju2b3
oeAv/EOPfVb9mD73Wn+CJYXvnryhqo99Y/q47urWYWAF/bqH9AMyMfibPr6IlP8m
O9pNYf/Zsqup/7oJxrvzJU7T0IGdLN1hHcC+qRnwkKddNmD8UPEQ4BXiX4xFxbTj
NvKWLZVKGQMyy6EFVQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
The DNS text record entry would look like this:
test2._domainKey
IN
TXT
"v=DKIM1; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCIKFLFWuQfDfBug688BJ0dazQ/x
+GEnH443KpnBK8agpJXSgFAPhlRvf0yhqHeuI
+J5onsSOo9Rn4fKaFQaQNBfCQpHSMnZpBC3X0G5Bc1HWq1AtBl6Z1rbyFen4CmGYOyRzDBUOIW6n8QK47bf3hvoSxqpY1pH
+wIDAQAB; t=s"
Notice that the newlines are take out. Also, notice that the text record is a name value ';' delimited
list of parameters. The p field contains the public key.
184
Chapter 41.
Chapter 41. Body Encryption and
Signing via SMIME
S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard for public key encryption
and signing of MIME data. MIME data being a set of headers and a message body. Its most often
seen in the email world when somebody wants to encrypt and/or sign an email message they
are sending across the internet. It can also be used for HTTP requests as well which is what the
RESTEasy integration with S/MIME is all about. RESTEasy allows you to easily encrypt and/or
sign an email message using the S/MIME standard. While the API is described here, you may
also want to check out the example projects that come with the RESTEasy distribution. It shows
both Java and Python clients exchanging S/MIME formatted messages with a JAX-RS service.
41.1. Maven settings
You must include the resteasy-crypto project to use the smime framework.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-crypto
3.1.3.Final
41.2. Message Body Encryption
While HTTPS is used to encrypt the entire HTTP message, S/MIME encryption is used solely
for the message body of the HTTP request or response. This is very useful if you have
a representation that may be forwarded by multiple parties (for example, HornetQ's REST
Messaging integration!) and you want to protect the message from prying eyes as it travels across
the network. RESTEasy has two different interfaces for encrypting message bodies. One for
output, one for input. If your client or server wants to send an HTTP request or response with
an encrypted body, it uses the org.jboss.resteasy.security.smime.EnvelopedOutput type.
Encrypting a body also requires an X509 certificate which can be generated by the Java keytool
command-line interface, or the openssl tool that comes installed on many OS's. Here's an example
of using the EnvelopedOutput interface:
// server side
@Path("encrypted")
@GET
public EnvelopedOutput getEncrypted()
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Chapter 41. Body Encryption a...
{
Customer cust = new Customer();
cust.setName("Bill");
X509Certificate certificate = ...;
EnvelopedOutput
output
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
output.setCertificate(certificate);
return output;
=
new
EnvelopedOutput(cust,
}
// client side
X509Certificate cert = ...;
Customer cust = new Customer();
cust.setName("Bill");
EnvelopedOutput output = new EnvelopedOutput(cust, "application/xml");
output.setCertificate(cert);
Response res = target.request().post(Entity.entity(output, "application/pkcs7mime").post();
An EnvelopedOutput instance is created passing in the entity you want to marshal and the media
type you want to marshal it into. So in this example, we're taking a Customer class and marshalling
it into XML before we encrypt it. RESTEasy will then encrypt the EnvelopedOutput using the
BouncyCastle framework's SMIME integration. The output is a Base64 encoding and would look
something like this:
Content-Type:
application/pkcs7-mime;
smime-type=enveloped-data;
name="smime.p7m"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="smime.p7m"
MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHA6CAMIACAQAxgewwgekCAQAwUjBFMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTETMBEGA1UECBMK
U29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQdHkgTHRkAgkA7oW81OriflAw
DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAEgYCfnqPK/O34DFl2p2zm+xZQ6R+94BqZHdtEWQN2evrcgtAng+f2ltIL
xr/PiK+8bE8wDO5GuCg+k92uYp2rLKlZ5BxCGb8tRM4kYC9sHbH2dPaqzUBhMxjgWdMCX6Q7E130
u9MdGcP74Ogwj8fNl3lD4sx/0k02/QwgaukeY7uNHzCABgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcE
CDRozFLsPnSgoIAEQHmqjSKAWlQbuGQL9w4nKw4l+44WgTjKf7mGWZvYY8tOCcdmhDxRSM1Ly682
Imt+LTZf0LXzuFGTsCGOUo742N8AAAAAAAAAAAAA
Decrypting
an
S/MIME
encrypted
message
requires
using
the
org.jboss.resteasy.security.smime.EnvelopedInput interface. You also need both the private key
and X509Certificate used to encrypt the message. Here's an example:
186
Message Body Signing
// server side
@Path("encrypted")
@POST
public void postEncrypted(EnvelopedInput input)
{
PrivateKey privateKey = ...;
X509Certificate certificate = ...;
Customer cust = input.getEntity(privateKey, certificate);
}
// client side
ClientRequest
request
=
new
ClientRequest("http://localhost:9095/smime/
encrypted");
EnvelopedInput input = request.getTarget(EnvelopedInput.class);
Customer cust = (Customer)input.getEntity(Customer.class, privateKey, cert);
Both examples simply call the getEntity() method passing in the PrivateKey and X509Certificate
instances requires to decrypt the message. On the server side, a generic is used with
EnvelopedInput to specify the type to marshal to. On the server side this information is passed
as a parameter to getEntity(). The message is in MIME format: a Content-Type header and body,
so the EnvelopedInput class now has everything it needs to know to both decrypt and unmarshall
the entity.
41.3. Message Body Signing
S/MIME also allows you to digitally sign a message. It is a bit different than the Doseta Digital
Signing Framework. Doseta is an HTTP header that contains the signature. S/MIME uses the
multipart/signed data format which is a multipart message that contains the entity and the digital
signature. So Doseta is a header, S/MIME is its own media type. Generally I would prefer Doseta
as S/MIME signatures require the client to know how to parse a multipart message and Doseta
doesn't. Its up to you what you want to use.
Resteasy has two different interfaces for creating a multipart/signed message. One for input, one
for output. If your client or server wants to send an HTTP request or response with an multipart/
signed body, it uses the org.jboss.resteasy.security.smime.SignedOutput type. This type
requires both the PrivateKey and X509Certificate to create the signature. Here's an example of
signing an entity and sending a multipart/signed entity.
// server-side
@Path("signed")
@GET
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Chapter 41. Body Encryption a...
@Produces("multipart/signed")
public SignedOutput getSigned()
{
Customer cust = new Customer();
cust.setName("Bill");
SignedOutput
output
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_TYPE);
output.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
output.setCertificate(certificate);
return output;
}
=
new
SignedOutput(cust,
// client side
Client client = new ResteasyClient();
WebTarget target = client.target("http://localhost:9095/smime/signed");
Customer cust = new Customer();
cust.setName("Bill");
SignedOutput output = new SignedOutput(cust, "application/xml");
output.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
output.setCertificate(cert);
Response res = target.request().post(Entity.entity(output, "multipart/
signed");
An SignedOutput instance is created passing in the entity you want to marshal and the media type
you want to marshal it into. So in this example, we're taking a Customer class and marshalling it
into XML before we sign it. RESTEasy will then sign the SignedOutput using the BouncyCastle
framework's SMIME integration. The output iwould look something like this:
Content-Type:
micalg=sha1;
multipart/signed;
protocol="application/pkcs7-signature";
boundary="----=_Part_0_1083228271.1313024422098"
------=_Part_0_1083228271.1313024422098
Content-Type: application/xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
input) throws Exception
{
Customer cust = input.getEntity();
if (!input.verify(certificate))
{
throw new WebApplicationException(500);
}
}
// client side
Client client = new ResteasyClient();
WebTarget target = client.target("http://localhost:9095/smime/signed");
SignedInput input = target.request().get(SignedInput.class);
Customer cust = (Customer)input.getEntity(Customer.class)
input.verify(cert);
41.4. application/pkcs7-signature
application/pkcs7-signature is a data format that includes both the data and the signature in one
ASN.1 binary encoding.
SignedOutput and SignedInput can be used to return application/pkcs7-signature format in binary
form. Just change the @Produces or @Consumes to that media type to send back that format.
Also, if your @Produces or @Consumes is text/plain instead, SignedOutput will be base64
encoded and sent as a string.
189
190
Chapter 42.
Chapter 42. EJB Integration
To integrate with EJB you must first modify your EJB's published interfaces. Resteasy currently
only has simple portable integration with EJBs so you must also manually configure your Resteasy
WAR.
Resteasy currently only has simple integration with EJBs. To make an EJB a JAX-RS resource,
you must annotate an SLSB's @Remote or @Local interface with JAX-RS annotations:
@Local
@Path("/Library")
public interface Library {
@GET
@Path("/books/{isbn}")
public String getBook(@PathParam("isbn") String isbn);
}
@Stateless
public class LibraryBean implements Library {
...
}
Next, in RESTEasy's web.xml file you must manually register the EJB with RESTEasy using the
resteasy.jndi.resources
Archetype Created Web Application
resteasy.jndi.resources
LibraryBean/local
...
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Chapter 42. EJB Integration
This is the only portable way we can offer EJB integration. Future versions of RESTEasy will have
tighter integration with WildFly so you do not have to do any manual registrations or modifications
to web.xml. For right now though, we're focusing on portability.
If you're using Resteasy with an EAR and EJB, a good structure to have is:
my-ear.ear
|------myejb.jar
|------resteasy-jaxrs.war
|
----WEB-INF/web.xml
----WEB-INF/lib (nothing)
|------lib/
|
----All Resteasy jar files
From the distribution, remove all libraries from WEB-INF/lib and place them in a common EAR
lib. OR. Just place the Resteasy jar dependencies in your application server's system classpath.
(i.e. In JBoss put them in server/default/lib)
An example EAR project is available from our testsuite here.
192
Chapter 43.
Chapter 43. Spring Integration
RESTEasy integrates with Spring 3.0.x. We are interested in other forms of Spring integration,
so please help contribute.
43.1. Basic Integration
For Maven users, you must use the resteasy-spring artifact. Otherwise, the jar is available in the
downloaded distribution.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-spring
whatever version you are using
RESTEasy comes with its own Spring ContextLoaderListener that registers a RESTEasy
specific BeanPostProcessor that processes JAX-RS annotations when a bean is created by a
BeanFactory. What does this mean? RESTEasy will automatically scan for @Provider and JAXRS resource annotations on your bean class and register them as JAX-RS resources.
Here is what you have to do with your web.xml file
Archetype Created Web Application
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.ResteasyBootstrap
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.spring.SpringContextLoaderListener
...
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Chapter 43. Spring Integration
The SpringContextLoaderListener must be declared after ResteasyBootstrap as it uses
ServletContext attributes initialized by it.
If you do not use a Spring ContextLoaderListener to create your bean
factories, then you can manually register the RESTEasy BeanFactoryPostProcessor
by allocating an instance of org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.spring.SpringBeanProcessor.
You
can
obtain
instances
of
a
ResteasyProviderFactory
and
Registry
from the ServletContext attributes org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyProviderFactory and
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.Registry. (Really the string FQN of these classes). There is also
a org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.spring.SpringBeanProcessorServletAware, that will automatically
inject references to the Registry and ResteasyProviderFactory from the Servlet Context. (that is,
if you have used RestasyBootstrap to bootstrap Resteasy).
Our Spring integration supports both singletons and the "prototype" scope. RESTEasy handles
injecting @Context references. Constructor injection is not supported though. Also, with the
"prototype" scope, RESTEasy will inject any @*Param annotated fields or setters before the
request is dispatched.
NOTE: You can only use auto-proxied beans with our base Spring integration. You will have
undesirable affects if you are doing handcoded proxying with Spring, i.e., with ProxyFactoryBean.
If you are using auto-proxied beans, you will be ok.
43.2. Spring MVC Integration
RESTEasy can also integrate with the Spring DispatcherServlet. The advantages of using this are
that you have a simpler web.xml file, you can dispatch to either Spring controllers or Resteasy from
under the same base URL, and finally, the most important, you can use Spring ModelAndView
objects as return arguments from @GET resource methods. Setup requires you using the Spring
DispatcherServlet in your web.xml file, as well as importing the springmvc-resteasy.xml file into
your base Spring beans xml file. Here's an example web.xml file:
Archetype Created Web Application
Spring
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
Spring
/*
194
Spring MVC Integration
Then within your main Spring beans xml, import the springmvc-resteasy.xml file
http://
http://
http://
...
43.3. JAX-RS with Spring MVC
A JAX-RS Application subclass can be combined with a Spring DispatcherServlet and used in the
same web application. An application combined in this way allows you to dispatch to either the
Spring controller or the JAX-RS resource using the same base URL. In addition you can use the
Spring ModelAndView objects as return arguments from @GET resource methods.
Configuring a web application of this type requires a web.xml and spring-servlet.xml file
and a reference to springmvc-resteasy.xml. A servlet definition is required for both the
Spring DispatcherServlet and the Application subclass in the web.xml, as well as RESTEasy
Configuration Switch, resteasy.scan.resources. Here is an example of the minimum configuration
information needed in the web.xml.
mySpring
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
mySpring
/*
myAppSubclass
org.my.app.EntryApplicationSubclass
196
JAX-RS with Spring MVC
myAppSubclass
/*
resteasy.scan.resources
true
If your web application contains JAX-RS provider classes the RESTEasy Configuration Switch,
resteasy.scan.providers, will also be needed. And if the url-pattern for the JAX-RS Application
subclass is other than /* you will need to declare the RESTEasy Configuration Switch,
resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix. This switch can be declare either as a context-param or as a
servlet init-param. It's value must be the text that preceeds the /*. Here is an example of such
a web.xml.
spring
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
spring
/*
myAppSubclass
org.my.app.EntryApplicationSubclass
resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix
/resources
myAppSubclass
/resources/*
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Chapter 43. Spring Integration
resteasy.scan.resources
true
resteasy.scan.providers
true
The spring-servlet.xml file must import springmvc-resteasy.xml, however this file does not need
to be present in the archive. In addition a component-scan, declaration of the packages that
contain you application classes is needed. At minimum your spring-servlet.xml should contain
these statements.
43.4. Upgrading in WildFly
Note. As noted in Section 3.1.2, “Upgrading Resteasy within WildFly”, the The Resteasy
distribution comes with a zip file called resteasy-jboss-modules-.zip, which can be
unzipped into the modules/system/layers/base/ directory of WildFly to upgrade to a new version
of Resteasy. Because of the way resteasy-spring is used in WildFly, after unzipping the zip file,
it is also necessary to remove the old resteasy-spring jar from modules/system/layers/base/org/
jboss/resteasy/resteasy-spring/main/bundled/resteasy-spring-jar.
198
Chapter 44.
Chapter 44. CDI Integration
This module provides integration with JSR-299 (Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java
EE platform)
44.1. Using CDI beans as JAX-RS components
Both the JAX-RS and CDI specifications introduce their own component model. On the one hand,
every class placed in a CDI archive that fulfills a set of basic constraints is implicitly a CDI bean.
On the other hand, explicit decoration of your Java class with @Path or @Provider is required
for it to become a JAX-RS component. Without the integration code, annotating a class suitable
for being a CDI bean with JAX-RS annotations leads into a faulty result (JAX-RS component not
managed by CDI) The resteasy-cdi module is a bridge that allows RESTEasy to work with class
instances obtained from the CDI container.
During a web service invocation, resteasy-cdi asks the CDI container for the managed instance of
a JAX-RS component. Then, this instance is passed to RESTEasy. If a managed instance is not
available for some reason (the class is placed in a jar which is not a bean deployment archive),
RESTEasy falls back to instantiating the class itself.
As a result, CDI services like injection, lifecycle management, events, decoration and interceptor
bindings can be used in JAX-RS components.
44.2. Default scopes
A CDI bean that does not explicitly define a scope is @Dependent scoped by default. This pseudo
scope means that the bean adapts to the lifecycle of the bean it is injected into. Normal scopes
(request, session, application) are more suitable for JAX-RS components as they designate
component's lifecycle boundaries explicitly. Therefore, the resteasy-cdi module alters the default
scoping in the following way:
• If a JAX-RS root resource does not define a scope explicitly, it is bound to the Request scope.
• If a JAX-RS Provider or javax.ws.rs.Application subclass does not define a scope explicitly,
it is bound to the Application scope.
Warning
Since the scope of all beans that do not declare a scope is modified by resteasycdi, this affects session beans as well. As a result, a conflict occurs if the scope of a
stateless session bean or singleton is changed automatically as the spec prohibits
these components to be @RequestScoped. Therefore, you need to explicitly define
a scope when using stateless session beans or singletons. This requirement is
likely to be removed in future releases.
199
Chapter 44. CDI Integration
44.3. Configuration within WildFly
CDI integration is provided with no additional configuration with WildFly.
44.4. Configuration with different distributions
Provided you have an existing RESTEasy application, all that needs to be done is to add the
resteasy-cdi jar into your project's WEB-INF/lib directory. When using maven, this can be achieve
by defining the following dependency.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-cdi
${project.version}
Furthermore, when running a pre-Servlet 3 container, the following context parameter needs to
be specified in web.xml. (This is done automatically via web-fragment in a Servlet 3 environment)
resteasy.injector.factory
org.jboss.resteasy.cdi.CdiInjectorFactory
When deploying an application to a Servlet container that does not support CDI out of the box
(Tomcat, Jetty, Google App Engine), a CDI implementation needs to be added first. Weld-servlet
module [http://docs.jboss.org/weld/reference/latest/en-US/html/environments.html] can be used
for this purpose.
200
Chapter 45.
Chapter 45. Seam Integration
RESTEasy integrates quite nicely with the JBoss Seam framework. This integration is maintained
by the Seam developers and documented there as well. Check out Seam documentation [http://
docs.jboss.org/seam/latest/en-US/html/webservices.html#d0e22078].
201
202
Chapter 46.
Chapter 46. Guice 3.0 Integration
RESTEasy has some simple integration with Guice 3.0. RESTEasy will scan the binding types
for a Guice Module for @Path and @Provider annotations. It will register these bindings with
RESTEasy. The guice-hello project that comes in the RESTEasy examples/ directory gives a nice
example of this.
@Path("hello")
public class HelloResource
{
@GET
@Path("{name}")
public String hello(@PathParam("name") final String name) {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}
First you start off by specifying a JAX-RS resource class. The HelloResource is just that. Next you
create a Guice Module class that defines all your bindings:
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.google.inject.Binder;
public class HelloModule implements Module
{
public void configure(final Binder binder)
{
binder.bind(HelloResource.class);
}
}
You put all these classes somewhere within your WAR WEB-INF/classes or in a JAR
within WEB-INF/lib. Then you need to create your web.xml file. You need to use the
GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener as follows
Guice Hello
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resteasy.guice.modules
org.jboss.resteasy.examples.guice.hello.HelloModule
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.guice.GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener
Resteasy
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher
Resteasy
/*
GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener is a subclass of ResteasyBootstrap, so you can
use any other RESTEasy configuration option within your web.xml file. Also notice that there is
a resteasy.guice.modules context-param. This can take a comma delimited list of class names
that are Guice Modules.
46.1. Request Scope
Add the RequestScopeModule to your modules to allow objects to be scoped to the HTTP
request by adding the @RequestScoped annotation to your class. All the objects injectable via
the @Context annotation are also injectable, except ServletConfig and ServletContext.
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
import org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.guice.RequestScoped;
@RequestScoped
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Binding JAX-RS utilities
public class MyClass
{
@Inject @Context
private HttpRequest request;
}
46.2. Binding JAX-RS utilities
Add
the
JaxrsModule
to
bind
javax.ws.rs.ext.RuntimeDelegate,
javax.ws.rs.core.Response.ResponseBuilder,
javax.ws.rs.core.UriBuilder,
javax.ws.rs.core.Variant.VariantListBuilder and org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientExecutor.
46.3. Configuring Stage
You can configure the stage Guice uses to deploy your modules by specific a context param,
resteasy.guice.stage. If this value is not specified, Resteasy uses whatever Guice's default is.
Guice Hello
resteasy.guice.modules
org.jboss.resteasy.examples.guice.hello.HelloModule
resteasy.guice.stage
PRODUCTION
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.guice.GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener
Resteasy
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher
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Resteasy
/*
46.4. Custom Injector creation
GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener can be extended to allow more flexibility in the
way the Injector and Modules are created. Three methods can be overridden: getModules(),
withInjector() and getStage(). Register your subclass as the listener in the web.xml.
Override getModules() when you need to pass arguments to your modules' constructor or perform
more complex operations.
Override withInjector(Injector) when you need to interact with the Injector after it has been created.
Override getStage(ServletContext) to set the Stage yourself.
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.guice.GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener
public
class
MyServletContextListener
GuiceResteasyBootstrapServletContextListener
extends
{
@Override
protected List getModules(ServletContext context)
{
return Arrays.asList(new JpaPersistModule("consulting_hours"), new
MyModule());
}
@Override
public void withInjector(Injector injector)
{
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Custom Injector creation
injector.getInstance(PersistService.class).start();
}
}
207
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Chapter 47.
Chapter 47. Resteasy Client API
47.1. JAX-RS 2.0 Client API
JAX-RS 2.0 introduces a new client API so that you can make http requests to your remote
RESTful web services. It is a 'fluent' request building API with really 3 main classes: Client,
WebTarget, and Response. The Client interface is a builder of WebTarget instances. WebTarget
represents a distinct URL or URL template from which you can build more sub-resource
WebTargets or invoke requests on.
There are really two ways to create a Client. Standard way, or you can use the
ResteasyClientBuilder class. The advantage of the latter is that it gives you a few more helper
methods to configure your client.
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
... or...
Client client = ClientBuilder.newBuilder().build();
WebTarget target = client.target("http://foo.com/resource");
Response response = target.request().get();
String value = response.readEntity(String.class);
response.close(); // You should close connections!
ResteasyClient client = new ResteasyClientBuilder().build();
ResteasyWebTarget target = client.target("http://foo.com/resource");
Resteasy will automatically load a set of default providers. (Basically all classes listed in all
META-INF/services/javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers files). Additionally, you can manually register other
providers, filters, and interceptors through the Configuration object provided by the method call
Client.configuration(). Configuration also lets you set various configuration properties that may be
needed.
Each WebTarget has its own Configuration instance which inherits the components and properties
registered with its parent. This allows you to set specific configuration options per target resource.
For example, username and password.
47.2. Resteasy Proxy Framework
The Resteasy Proxy Framework is the mirror opposite of the JAX-RS server-side specification.
Instead of using JAX-RS annotations to map an incoming request to your RESTFul Web Service
method, the client framework builds an HTTP request that it uses to invoke on a remote RESTful
Web Service. This remote service does not have to be a JAX-RS service and can be any web
resource that accepts HTTP requests.
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Resteasy has a client proxy framework that allows you to use JAX-RS annotations to invoke on
a remote HTTP resource. The way it works is that you write a Java interface and use JAX-RS
annotations on methods and the interface. For example:
public interface SimpleClient
{
@GET
@Path("basic")
@Produces("text/plain")
String getBasic();
@PUT
@Path("basic")
@Consumes("text/plain")
void putBasic(String body);
@GET
@Path("queryParam")
@Produces("text/plain")
String getQueryParam(@QueryParam("param")String param);
@GET
@Path("matrixParam")
@Produces("text/plain")
String getMatrixParam(@MatrixParam("param")String param);
@GET
@Path("uriParam/{param}")
@Produces("text/plain")
int getUriParam(@PathParam("param")int param);
}
Resteasy has a simple API based on Apache HttpClient. You generate a proxy then you can
invoke methods on the proxy. The invoked method gets translated to an HTTP request based on
how you annotated the method and posted to the server. Here's how you would set this up:
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
WebTarget target = client.target("http://example.com/base/uri");
ResteasyWebTarget rtarget = (ResteasyWebTarget)target;
SimpleClient simple = rtarget.proxy(SimpleClient.class);
client.putBasic("hello world");
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Abstract Responses
Alternatively you can use the Resteasy client extension interfaces directly:
ResteasyClient client = new ResteasyClientBuilder().build();
ResteasyWebTarget target = client.target("http://example.com/
base/uri");
SimpleClient simple = target.proxy(SimpleClient.class);
client.putBasic("hello world");
@CookieParam works the mirror opposite of its server-side counterpart and creates a cookie
header to send to the server. You do not need to use @CookieParam if you allocate your own
javax.ws.rs.core.Cookie object and pass it as a parameter to a client proxy method. The client
framework understands that you are passing a cookie to the server so no extra metadata is
needed.
The framework also supports the JAX-RS locator pattern, but on the client side. So, if you have
a method annotated only with @Path, that proxy method will return a new proxy of the interface
returned by that method.
1. Abstract Responses
Sometimes you are interested not only in the response body of a client request, but also either
the response code and/or response headers. The Client-Proxy framework has two ways to get
at this information
You may return a javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status enumeration from your method calls:
@Path("/")
public interface MyProxy {
@POST
Response.Status updateSite(MyPojo pojo);
}
Internally, after invoking on the server, the client proxy internals will convert the HTTP response
code into a Response.Status enum.
If you are interested in everything, you can get it with the javax.ws.rs.core.Response class:
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Chapter 47. Resteasy Client API
@Path("/")
public interface LibraryService {
@GET
@Produces("application/xml")
Response getAllBooks();
}
2. Sharing an interface between client and server
It is generally possible to share an interface between the client and server. In this scenario, you just
have your JAX-RS services implement an annotated interface and then reuse that same interface
to create client proxies to invoke on the client-side.
47.3. Apache HTTP Client 4.x and other backends
Network communication between the client and server is handled in Resteasy,
by default, by HttpClient (4.x) from the Apache HttpComponents project. In
general, the interface between the Resteasy Client Framework and the network is
found in an implementation of org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.ClientHttpEngine,
and org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.engines.ApacheHttpClient4Engine, which uses
HttpClient (4.x), is the default implementation. Resteasy also ships with the following client
engines, all found in the org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.engines package:
• URLConnectionClientExecutor: uses java.net.HttpURLConnection;
• InMemoryClientExecutor: dispatches requests to a server in the same JVM.
and a client executor may be passed to a specific ClientRequest:
ResteasyClient client = new ResteasyClientBuilder().httpEngine(engine).build();
Resteasy and HttpClient make reasonable default decisions so that it is possible to use
the client framework without ever referencing HttpClient, but for some applications it may
be necessary to drill down into the HttpClient details. ApacheHttpClient4Engine can be
supplied with an instance of org.apache.http.client.HttpClient and an instance of
org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext, which can carry additional configuration details into
the HttpClient layer. For example, authentication may be configured as follows:
// Configure HttpClient to authenticate preemptively
// by prepopulating the authentication data cache.
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Apache HTTP Client 4.x and other backends
// 1. Create AuthCache instance
AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
// 2. Generate BASIC scheme object and add it to the local auth cache
AuthScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
authCache.put(new HttpHost("sippycups.bluemonkeydiamond.com"), basicAuth);
// 3. Add AuthCache to the execution context
BasicHttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);
// 4. Create client executor and proxy
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
ApacheHttpClient4Engine
engine
=
new
ApacheHttpClient4Engine(httpClient,
localContext);
ResteasyClient client = new ResteasyClientBuilder().httpEngine(engine).build();
One default decision made by HttpClient and adopted by Resteasy is the use of
org.apache.http.impl.conn.SingleClientConnManager, which manages a single socket at
any given time and which supports the use case in which one or more invocations are made
serially from a single thread. For multithreaded applications, SingleClientConnManager may be
replaced by org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager:
ClientConnectionManager cm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager();
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(cm);
ApacheHttpClient4Engine engine = new ApacheHttpClient4Engine(httpClient);
For more information about HttpClient (4.x), see the documentation at http://hc.apache.org/
httpcomponents-client-ga/tutorial/html/ [http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/tutorial/
html/].
Note. It is important to understand the difference between "releasing" a connection and "closing"
a connection. Releasing a connection makes it available for reuse. Closing a connection frees
its resources and makes it unusable.
SingleClientConnManager manages a single socket, which it allocates to at most a single
invocation at any given time. Before that socket can be reused, it has to be released from its
current use, which can occur in one of two ways. If an execution of a request or a call on a proxy
returns a class other than Response, then Resteasy will take care of releasing the connection.
For example, in the fragments
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Chapter 47. Resteasy Client API
WebTarget target = client.target("http://localhost:8081/customer/123");
String answer = target.request().get(String.class);
or
ResteasyWebTarget target = client.target("http://localhost:8081/customer/123");
RegistryStats stats = target.proxy(RegistryStats.class);
RegistryData data = stats.get();
Resteasy will release the connection under the covers. The only counterexample is the case in
which the response is an instance of InputStream, which must be closed explicitly.
On the other hand, if the result of an invocation is an instance of Response, then Response.close()
method must be used to released the connection.
WebTarget target = client.target("http://localhost:8081/customer/123");
Response response = target.request().get();
System.out.println(response.getStatus());
response.close();
You should probably execute this in a try/finally block. Again, releasing a connection only makes
it available for another use. It does not normally close the socket.
On the other hand, ApacheHttpClient4Engine.finalize() will close any open sockets, but
only if it created the HttpClient it has been using. If an HttpClient has been passed into the
ApacheHttpClient4Executor, then the user is responsible for closing the connections:
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
ApacheHttpClient4Engine executor = new ApacheHttpClient4Engine(httpClient);
...
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
Note that if ApacheHttpClient4Engine has created its own instance of HttpClient, it is not
necessary to wait for finalize() to close open sockets. The ClientHttpEngine interface has
a close() method for this purpose.
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Apache HTTP Client 4.x and other backends
Finally, if your javax.ws.rs.client.Client class has created the engine automatically for you, you
should call Client.close() and this will clean up any socket connections.
215
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Chapter 48.
Chapter 48. AJAX Client
RESTEasy resources can be accessed in JavaScript using AJAX using a proxy API generated
by RESTEasy.
48.1. Generated JavaScript API
RESTEasy can generate a JavaScript API that uses AJAX calls to invoke JAX-RS operations.
Example 48.1. First JAX-RS JavaScript API example
Let's take a simple JAX-RS API:
@Path("orders")
public interface Orders {
@Path("{id}")
@GET
public String getOrder(@PathParam("id") String id){
return "Hello "+id;
}
}
The preceding API would be accessible using the following JavaScript code:
var order = Orders.getOrder({id: 23});
48.1.1. JavaScript API servlet
In order to enable the JavaScript API servlet you must configure it in your web.xml file as such:
RESTEasy JSAPI
org.jboss.resteasy.jsapi.JSAPIServlet
RESTEasy JSAPI
/rest-js
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48.1.2. JavaScript API usage
Each JAX-RS resource class will generate a JavaScript object of the same name as the declaring
class (or interface), which will contain every JAX-RS method as properties.
Example 48.2. Structure of JAX-RS generated JavaScript
For example, if the JAX-RS resource X defines methods Y and Z:
@Path("/")
public interface X{
@GET
public String Y();
@PUT
public void Z(String entity);
}
Then the JavaScript API will define the following functions:
var X = {
Y : function(params){…},
Z : function(params){…}
};
Each JavaScript API method takes an optional object as single parameter where each property
is a cookie, header, path, query or form parameter as identified by their name, or the following
special parameters:
Warning
The following special parameter names are subject to change.
Table 48.1. API parameter properties
Property name
Default
$entity
Description
The entity to send as a PUT,
POST request.
$contentType
As
determined
@Consumes.
$accepts
Determined by @Provides, The accepted MIME types
defaults to */*.
sent as the Accept header.
218
by The MIME type of the body
entity sent as the ContentType header.
JavaScript API usage
Property name
Default
$callback
Description
Set to a function(httpCode,
xmlHttpRequest, value)
an asynchronous call. If
present, the call will
synchronous and return
value.
$apiURL
Determined by container
for
not
be
the
Set to the base URI of
your JAX-RS endpoint, not
including the last slash.
$username
If username and password are
set, they will be used for
credentials for the request.
$password
If username and password are
set, they will be used for
credentials for the request.
Example 48.3. Using the API
Here is an example of JAX-RS API:
@Path("foo")
public class Foo{
@Path("{id}")
@GET
public String get(@QueryParam("order") String order, @HeaderParam("XFoo") String header,
@MatrixParam("colour") String colour, @CookieParam("FooCookie") String cookie){
&
}
@POST
public void post(String text){
}
}
We can use the previous JAX-RS API in JavaScript using the following code:
var text = Foo.get({order: 'desc', 'X-Foo': 'hello',
colour: 'blue', 'Foo-Cookie': 123987235444});
Foo.put({$entity: text});
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48.1.3. Work with @Form
@Form is a RESTEasy specific annotation that allows you to re-use any @*Param annotation
within an injected class. The generated JavaScript API will expand the parameters for use
automatically. Support we have the following form:
public class MyForm {
@FormParam("stuff")
private String stuff;
@FormParam("number")
private int number;
@HeaderParam("myHeader")
private String header;
}
And the resource is like:
@Path("/")
public class MyResource {
@POST
public String postForm(@Form MyForm myForm) {...}
}
Then we could call the method from JavaScript API like following:
MyResource.postForm({stuff:"A", myHeader:"B", number:1});
Also, @Form supports prefix mappings for lists and maps:
public static class Person {
@Form(prefix="telephoneNumbers") List telephoneNumbers;
@Form(prefix="address") Map addresses;
}
public static class TelephoneNumber {
@FormParam("countryCode") private String countryCode;
@FormParam("number") private String number;
}
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MIME types and unmarshalling.
public static class Address {
@FormParam("street") private String street;
@FormParam("houseNumber") private String houseNumber;
}
@Path("person")
public static class MyResource {
@POST
public void postForm(@Form Person p) {...}
}
From JavaScript we could call the API like this:
MyResource.postForm({
telephoneNumbers:[
{"telephoneNumbers[0].countryCode":31},
{"telephoneNumbers[0].number":12345678},
{"telephoneNumbers[1].countryCode":91},
{"telephoneNumbers[1].number":9717738723}
],
address:[
{"address[INVOICE].street":"Main Street"},
{"address[INVOICE].houseNumber":2},
{"address[SHIPPING].street":"Square One"},
{"address[SHIPPING].houseNumber":13}
]
});
48.1.4. MIME types and unmarshalling.
The Accept header sent by any client JavaScript function is controlled by the $accepts parameter,
which overrides the @Produces annotation on the JAX-RS endpoint. The returned value however
is controlled by the Content-Type header sent in the response as follows:
Table 48.2. Return values by MIME type
MIME
Description
text/xml,application/xml,application/*+xml
The response entity is parsed as XML before
being returned. The return value is thus a DOM
Document.
application/json
The response entity is parsed as JSON before
being returned. The return value is thus a
JavaScript Object.
Anything else
The response entity is returned raw.
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Example 48.4. Unmarshalling example
The RESTEasy JavaScript client API can automatically unmarshall JSON and XML:
@Path("orders")
public interface Orders {
@XmlRootElement
public static class Order {
@XmlElement
private String id;
public Order(){}
public Order(String id){
this.id = id;
}
}
@Path("{id}/xml")
@GET
@Produces("application/xml")
public Order getOrderXML(@PathParam("id") String id){
return new Order(id);
}
@Path("{id}/json")
@GET
@Produces("application/json")
public Order getOrderJSON(@PathParam("id") String id){
return new Order(id);
}
}
Let us look at what the preceding JAX-RS API would give us on the client side:
// this returns a JSON object
var orderJSON = Orders.getOrderJSON({id: "23"});
orderJSON.id == "23";
// this one returns a DOM Document whose root element is the order, with one
child (id)
// whose child is the text node value
var orderXML = Orders.getOrderXML({id: "23"});
orderXML.documentElement.childNodes[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue == "23";
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MIME types and marshalling.
48.1.5. MIME types and marshalling.
The Content-Type header sent in the request is controlled by the $contentType parameter which
overrides the @Consumes annotation on the JAX-RS endpoint. The value passed as entity body
using the $entity parameter is marshalled according to both its type and content type:
Table 48.3. Controlling sent entities
Type
MIME
Description
DOM Element
Empty or text/xml,application/ The
DOM
Element
is
xml,application/*+xml
marshalled to XML before
being sent.
JavaScript Object (JSON)
Empty or application/json
The
JSON
object
is
marshalled to a JSON string
before being sent.
Anything else
Anything else
The entity is sent as is.
Example 48.5. Marshalling example
The RESTEasy JavaScript client API can automatically marshall JSON and XML:
@Path("orders")
public interface Orders {
@XmlRootElement
public static class Order {
@XmlElement
private String id;
public Order(){}
public Order(String id){
this.id = id;
}
}
@Path("{id}/xml")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/xml")
public void putOrderXML(Order order){
// store order
}
@Path("{id}/json")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/json")
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Chapter 48. AJAX Client
public void putOrderJSON(Order order){
// store order
}
}
Let us look at what the preceding JAX-RS API would give us on the client side:
// this saves a JSON object
Orders.putOrderJSON({$entity: {id: "23"}});
// It is a bit more work with XML
var order = document.createElement("order");
var id = document.createElement("id");
order.appendChild(id);
id.appendChild(document.createTextNode("23"));
Orders.putOrderXML({$entity: order});
48.2. Using the JavaScript API to build AJAX queries
The RESTEasy JavaScript API can also be used to manually construct your requests.
48.2.1. The REST object
The REST object contains the following read-write properties:
Table 48.4. The REST object
Property
Description
apiURL
Set by default to the JAX-RS root URL, used
by every JavaScript client API functions when
constructing the requests.
log
Set to a function(string) in order to receive
RESTEasy client API logs. This is useful if you
want to debug your client API and place the
logs where you can see them.
Example 48.6. Using the REST object
The REST object can be used to override RESTEasy JavaScript API client behaviour:
// Change the base URL used by the API:
REST.apiURL = "http://api.service.com";
// log everything in a div element
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The REST.Request class
REST.log = function(text){
jQuery("#log-div").append(text);
};
48.2.2. The REST.Request class
The REST.Request class is used to build custom requests. It has the following members:
Table 48.5. The REST.Request class
Member
Description
execute(callback)
Executes the request with all the information
set in the current object. The value is never
returned but passed to the optional argument
callback.
setAccepts(acceptHeader)
Sets the Accept request header. Defaults to */*.
setCredentials(username, password)
Sets the request credentials.
setEntity(entity)
Sets the request entity.
setContentType(contentTypeHeader)
Sets the Content-Type request header.
setURI(uri)
Sets the request URI. This should be an
absolute URI.
setMethod(method)
Sets the request method. Defaults to GET.
setAsync(async)
Controls whether the request should be
asynchronous. Defaults to true.
addCookie(name, value)
Sets the given cookie in the current document
when executing the request. Beware that this
will be persistent in your browser.
addQueryParameter(name, value)
Adds a query parameter to the URI query part.
addMatrixParameter(name, value)
Adds a matrix parameter (path parameter) to
the last path segment of the request URI.
addHeader(name, value)
Adds a request header.
Example 48.7. Using the REST.Request class
The REST.Request class can be used to build custom requests:
var r = new REST.Request();
r.setURI("http://api.service.com/orders/23/json");
r.setMethod("PUT");
r.setContentType("application/json");
r.setEntity({id: "23"});
r.addMatrixParameter("JSESSIONID", "12309812378123");
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r.execute(function(status, request, entity){
log("Response is "+status);
});
48.3. Caching Features
RESTEasy AJAX Client works well with server side caching features. But the buggy browsers
cache will always prevent the function to work properly. If you'd like to use RESTEasy's caching
feature with its AJAX client, you can enable 'antiBrowserCache' option:
REST.antiBrowserCache = true;
The above setting should be set once before you call any APIs.
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Chapter 49.
Chapter 49. RESTEasy WADL
Support
RESTEasy has its own support to generate WADL for its resources, and it supports several
different containers. The following text will show you how to use this feature in different containers.
49.1. RESTEasy WADL Support for Servlet Container
RESTEasy WADL uses ResteasyWadlServlet to support servlet container. It can be registered into
web.xml to enable WADL feature. Here is an example to show the usages of ResteasyWadlServlet
in web.xml:
RESTEasy WADL
org.jboss.resteasy.wadl.ResteasyWadlServlet
RESTEasy WADL
/application.xml
The preceding configuration in web.xml shows how to enable ResteasyWadlServlet and mapped
it to /application.xml. And then the WADL can be accessed from the configured URL:
/application.xml
49.2. RESTEasy WADL support for Sun JDK HTTP
Server
RESTEasy has provided a ResteasyWadlDefaultResource to generate WADL info for its
embedded containers. Here is and example to show how to use it with RESTEasy's Sun JDK
HTTP Server container:
com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer httpServer =
com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(port), 10);
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.sun.http.HttpContextBuilder contextBuilder =
new org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.sun.http.HttpContextBuilder();
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Chapter 49. RESTEasy WADL Support
contextBuilder.getDeployment().getActualResourceClasses()
.add(ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.class);
contextBuilder.bind(httpServer);
ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.getServices()
.put("/",
ResteasyWadlGenerator
.generateServiceRegistry(contextBuilder.getDeployment()));
httpServer.start();
From the above code example, we can see how ResteasyWadlDefaultResource is registered into
deployment:
contextBuilder.getDeployment().getActualResourceClasses()
.add(ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.class);
Another important thing is to use ResteasyWadlGenerator to generate the WADL info for the
resources in deployment at last:
ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.getServices()
.put("/",
ResteasyWadlGenerator
.generateServiceRegistry(contextBuilder.getDeployment()));
After the above configuration is set, then users can access "/application.xml" to fetch the WADL
info, because ResteasyWadlDefaultResource has @PATH set to "/application.xml" as default:
@Path("/application.xml")
public class ResteasyWadlDefaultResource
49.3. RESTEasy WADL support for Netty Container
RESTEasy WADL support for Netty Container is simliar to the support for JDK HTTP Server. It
also uses ResteasyWadlDefaultResource to serve '/application.xml' and ResteasyWadlGenerator
to generate WADL info for resources. Here is the sample code:
ResteasyDeployment deployment = new ResteasyDeployment();
netty = new NettyJaxrsServer();
netty.setDeployment(deployment);
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RESTEasy WADL Support for Undertow Container
netty.setPort(port);
netty.setRootResourcePath("");
netty.setSecurityDomain(null);
netty.start();
deployment.getRegistry()
.addPerRequestResource(ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.class);
ResteasyWadlDefaultResource.getServices()
.put("/", ResteasyWadlGenerator.generateServiceRegistry(deployment));
Please note for all the embedded containers like JDK HTTP Server and
Netty Container, if the resources in the deployment changes at runtime, the
ResteasyWadlGenerator.generateServiceRegistry() need to be re-run to refresh the WADL info.
49.4. RESTEasy WADL Support for Undertow Container
The RESTEasy Undertow Container is a embedded Servlet Container, and RESTEasy WADL
provides a connector to it. To use RESTEasy Undertow Container together with WADL support,
you need to add these three components into your maven dependencies:
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-wadl
${project.version}
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-wadl-undertow-connector
${project.version}
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-undertow
${project.version}
The resteasy-wadl-undertow-connector provides a WadlUndertowConnector to help you to use
WADL in RESTEasy Undertow Container. Here is the code example:
UndertowJaxrsServer server = new UndertowJaxrsServer().start();
WadlUndertowConnector connector = new WadlUndertowConnector();
connector.deployToServer(server, MyApp.class);
229
Chapter 49. RESTEasy WADL Support
The MyApp class shown in above code is a standard JAX-RS 2.0 Application class in your project:
@ApplicationPath("/base")
public static class MyApp extends Application {
@Override
public Set> getClasses() {
HashSet> classes = new HashSet>();
classes.add(YourResource.class);
return classes;
}
}
After the Application is deployed to the UndertowJaxrsServer via WadlUndertowConnector,
you can access the WADL info at "/application.xml" prefixed by the @ApplicationPath in your
Application class. If you want to override the @ApplicationPath, you can use the other method
in WadlUndertowConnector:
public UndertowJaxrsServer deployToServer(UndertowJaxrsServer server, Class application, String contextPath)
The "deployToServer" method shown above accepts a "contextPath" parameter, which you can
use to override the @ApplicationPath value in the Application class.
230
Chapter 50.
Chapter 50. Validation
RESTEasy provides the support for validation mandated by the JAX-RS: Java API for
RESTful Web Services 2.0 [http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=339], given the presence of an
implementation of the Bean Validation specification 1.1 [http://beanvalidation.org/1.1/spec/] such
as Hibernate Validator 5.x [http://www.hibernate.org/subprojects/validator.html].
Validation provides a declarative way of imposing constraints on fields and properties of beans,
bean classes, and the parameters and return values of bean methods. For example, in
@Path("all")
@TestClassConstraint(5)
public class TestResource
{
@Size(min=2, max=4)
@PathParam("s")
String s;
private String t;
@Size(min=3)
public String getT()
{
return t;
}
@PathParam("t")
public void setT(String t)
{
this.t = t;
}
@POST
@Path("{s}/{t}/{u}")
@Pattern(regexp="[a-c]+")
public String post(@PathParam("u") String u)
{
return u;
}
}
the field s is constrained by the Bean Validation built-in annotation @Size to have between 2 and
4 characters, the property t is constrained to have at least 3 characters, and the TestResource
object is constrained by the application defined annotation @TestClassConstraint to have the
combined lengths of s and t less than 5:
231
Chapter 50. Validation
@Constraint(validatedBy = TestClassValidator.class)
@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface TestClassConstraint
{
String message() default "Concatenation of s and t must have length > {value}";
Class[] groups() default {};
Class[] payload() default {};
int value();
}
public
class
TestClassValidator
ConstraintValidator
{
int length;
implements
public void initialize(TestClassConstraint constraintAnnotation)
{
length = constraintAnnotation.value();
}
public boolean isValid(TestResource value, ConstraintValidatorContext context)
{
boolean b = value.retrieveS().length() + value.getT().length() < length;
}
}
See the links above for more about how to create validation annotations.
Also, the method parameter u is constrained to have no more than 5 characters, and the return
value of method post is constrained by the built-in annotation @Pattern to match the regular
expression "[a-c]+".
The sequence of validation constraint testing is as follows:
1. Create the resource and validate field, property, and class constraints.
2. Validate the resource method parameters.
3. If no violations have been detected, call the resource method and validate the return value
50.1. Violation reporting
If
a
validation
problem
occurs,
either
definitions
or
a
constraint
violation,
232
a
problem
with
the
validation
Resteasy
will
set
the
return
Violation reporting
header org.jboss.resteasy.api.validation.Validation.VALIDATION_HEADER ("validationexception") to "true".
If Resteasy detects a structural validation problem, such as a validation annotation
with a missing validator class, it will return a String representation of a
javax.validation.ValidationException. For example
javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000028: Unexpected exception during
isValid
call.[org.jboss.resteasy.test.validation.TestValidationExceptions
$OtherValidationException]
If any constraint violations are detected, Resteasy will return a report in one of
a variety of formats. If one of "application/xml" or "application/json" occur in the
"Accept" request header, Resteasy will return an appropriately marshalled instance of
org.jboss.resteasy.api.validation.ViolationReport:
@XmlRootElement(name="violationReport")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class ViolationReport
{
...
public ArrayList getFieldViolations()
{
return fieldViolations;
}
public ArrayList getPropertyViolations()
{
return propertyViolations;
}
public ArrayList getClassViolations()
{
return classViolations;
}
public ArrayList getParameterViolations()
{
return parameterViolations;
}
public ArrayList getReturnValueViolations()
{
233
Chapter 50. Validation
return returnValueViolations;
}
...
}
where org.jboss.resteasy.api.validation.ResteasyConstraintViolation is defined:
@XmlRootElement(name="resteasyConstraintViolation")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class ResteasyConstraintViolation implements Serializable
{
...
/**
* @return type of constraint
*/
public ConstraintType.Type getConstraintType()
{
return constraintType;
}
/**
* @return description of element violating constraint
*/
public String getPath()
{
return path;
}
/**
* @return description of constraint violation
*/
public String getMessage()
{
return message;
}
/**
* @return object in violation of constraint
*/
public String getValue()
{
return value;
}
234
Violation reporting
/**
* @return String representation of violation
*/
public String toString()
{
return "[" + type() + "]\r[" + path + "]\r[" + message + "]\r[" + value
+ "]\r";
}
/**
* @return String form of violation type
*/
public String type()
{
return constraintType.toString();
}
}
and org.jboss.resteasy.api.validation.ConstraintType is the enumeration
public class ConstraintType
{
public enum Type {CLASS, FIELD, PROPERTY, PARAMETER, RETURN_VALUE};
}
If both "application/xml" or "application/json" occur in the "Accept" request header, the media type
is chosen according to the ranking given by implicit or explicit "q" parameter values. In the case
of a tie, the returned media type is indeterminate.
If neither "application/xml" or "application/json" occur in the "Accept" request header, Resteasy
returns a report with a String representation of each ResteasyConstraintViolation, where each
field is delimited by '[' and ']', followed by a '\r', with a final '\r' at the end. For example,
[FIELD]
[s]
[size must be between 2 and 4]
[a]
[PROPERTY]
[t]
[size must be between 3 and 5]
[z]
[CLASS]
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Chapter 50. Validation
[]
[Concatenation of s and t must have length > 5]
[org.jboss.resteasy.validation.TestResource@68467a6f]
[PARAMETER]
[test.]
[Parameters must total <= 7]
[[5, 7]]
[RETURN_VALUE]
[g.]
[size must be between 2 and 4]
[abcde]
where the four fields are
1. type of constraint
2. path to violating element (e.g., field name, class name, method name and parameter name)
3. message
4. violating element
The ViolationReport can be reconsititued from the String as follows:
ResteasyClient client = new ResteasyClientBuilder().build();
Invocation.Builder request = client.target(...).request();
Response response = request.get();
if
(Boolean.valueOf(response.getHeaders().getFirst(Validation.VALIDATION_HEADER)))
{
String s = response.getEntity(String.class);
ViolationReport report = new ViolationReport(s);
}
If the path field is considered to be too much server side information, it can be surpressed by
setting the context parameter "resteasy.validation.suppress.path" to "true". In that case, "*" will
be returned in the path fields.
50.2. Validation Service Providers
The form of validation mandated by the JAX-RS 2.0 specification, based on Bean Validation
1.1, is supported by the RESTEasy module resteasy-validator-provider-11, which produces the
artifact resteasy-validator-provider-11-.jar. Validation is turned on by default (assuming
236
Validation Service Providers
resteasy-validator-provider-11-.jar is available), though parameter and return value
validation can be turned off or modified in the validation.xml configuration file. See the Hibernate
Validator [http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/validator/5.0/reference/en-US/html/] documentation for
the details. WildFly 8+ ships with Hibernate Validator 5.x.
RESTEasy
obtains
a
bean
validation
implemenation
by
looking
in
the
available META-INF/services/javax.ws.rs.Providers files for an implementation of
ContextResolver, where org.jboss.resteasy.spi.GeneralValidator
is
public interface GeneralValidator
{
/**
* Validates all constraints on {@code object}.
*
* @param object object to validate
* @param groups the group or list of groups targeted for validation (defaults to
*
{@link Default})
* @return constraint violations or an empty set if none
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if object is {@code null}
*
or if {@code null} is passed to the varargs groups
* @throws ValidationException if a non recoverable error happens
*
during the validation process
*/
public abstract void validate(HttpRequest request, Object object, Class... groups);
/**
* Validates all constraints placed on the parameters of the given method.
*
* @param the type hosting the method to validate
* @param object the object on which the method to validate is invoked
* @param method the method for which the parameter constraints is validated
* @param parameterValues the values provided by the caller for the given
method's
*
parameters
* @param groups the group or list of groups targeted for validation (defaults to
*
{@link Default})
* @return a set with the constraint violations caused by this validation;
*
will be empty if no error occurs, but never {@code null}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code null} is passed for any of
the parameters
*
or if parameters don't match with each other
* @throws ValidationException if a non recoverable error happens during the
*
validation process
*/
public abstract void validateAllParameters(HttpRequest request, Object object,
Method method, Object[] parameterValues, Class... groups);
237
Chapter 50. Validation
/**
* Validates all return value constraints of the given method.
*
* @param the type hosting the method to validate
* @param object the object on which the method to validate is invoked
* @param method the method for which the return value constraints is validated
* @param returnValue the value returned by the given method
* @param groups the group or list of groups targeted for validation (defaults to
*
{@link Default})
* @return a set with the constraint violations caused by this validation;
*
will be empty if no error occurs, but never {@code null}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code null} is passed for any of
the object,
*
method or groups parameters or if parameters don't match with
each other
* @throws ValidationException if a non recoverable error happens during the
*
validation process
*/
public abstract void validateReturnValue(
HttpRequest request, Object object, Method method, Object returnValue,
Class... groups);
/**
* Indicates if
*
* @param clazz
* @return true
*/
public abstract
validation is turned on for a class.
Class to be examined
if and only if validation is turned on for clazz
boolean isValidatable(Class clazz);
/**
* Indicates if validation is turned on for a method.
*
* @param method method to be examined
* @return true if and only if validation is turned on for method
*/
public abstract boolean isMethodValidatable(Method method);
void checkViolations(HttpRequest request);
}
The methods and the javadoc are adapted from the Bean Validation 1.1 classes
javax.validation.Validator and javax.validation.executable.ExecutableValidator.
RESTEasy
module resteasy-validator-provider-11 supplies an implementation of
GeneralValidator. An alternative implementation may be supplied by implementing
238
Validation Service Providers
ContextResolver
and
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.validation.GeneralValidator.
A validator intended to function in the presence of CDI must also implement the subinterface
public interface GeneralValidatorCDI extends GeneralValidator
{
/**
* Indicates if validation is turned on for a class.
*
* This method should be called from the resteasy-jaxrs module. It should
* test if injectorFactor is an instance of CdiInjectorFactory, which indicates
* that CDI is active. If so, it should return false. Otherwise, it should
* return the same value returned by GeneralValidator.isValidatable().
*
* @param clazz Class to be examined
* @param injectorFactory the InjectorFactory used for clazz
* @return true if and only if validation is turned on for clazz
*/
public boolean isValidatable(Class clazz, InjectorFactory injectorFactory);
/**
* Indicates if validation is turned on for a class.
* This method should be called only from the resteasy-cdi module.
*
* @param clazz Class to be examined
* @return true if and only if validation is turned on for clazz
*/
public abstract boolean isValidatableFromCDI(Class clazz);
/**
* Throws a ResteasyViolationException if any validation violations have
been detected.
* The method should be called only from the resteasy-cdi module.
* @param request
*/
public void checkViolationsfromCDI(HttpRequest request);
/**
* Throws a ResteasyViolationException if either a ConstraintViolationException
or a
* ResteasyConstraintViolationException is embedded in the cause hierarchy
of e.
*
* @param request
* @param e
*/
239
Chapter 50. Validation
public void checkForConstraintViolations(HttpRequest request, Exception e);
}
The validator in resteasy-validator-provider-11 implements GeneralValidatorCDI.
240
Chapter 51.
Chapter 51. Internationalization and
Localization
With the help of the JBoss Logging project, all log and exception messages in Resteasy are
internationalized. That is, they have a default value in English which can be overridden in any
given locale by a file which gives translated values. For more information about internationalization
and localization in Java, see, for example, http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n.
For more about JBoss Logging, see
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/
JBoss_Enterprise_Application_Platform/6/html/Development_Guide/ [https://access.redhat.com/
documentation/en-US/JBoss_Enterprise_Application_Platform/6/html/Development_Guide/],
Chapters 4 and 5.
51.1. Internationalization
Each module in Resteasy that produces any text in the form of logging messages or
exception messages has an interface named org.jboss.resteasy...i18n.Messages which contains
the default messages. Those modules which do any logging also have an interface named
org.jboss.resteasy...i18n.LogMessages which gives access to an underlying logger. With the
exception of the resteasy-jaxrs module, all messages are in the Messages class. resteasy-jaxrs
has exception messages in the Messages class and log messages in the LogMessages class.
Each message is prefixed by the project code "RESTEASY" followed by an ID which is unique to
Resteasy. These IDs belong to the following ranges:
Table 51.1.
Range
Module
2000-2999
resteasy-jaxrs log messages
3000-4499
resteasy-jaxrs exception messages
4500-4999
resteasy-client
5000-5499
providers/resteasy-atom
5500-5999
providers/fastinfoset
6000-6499
providers/resteasy-html
6500-6999
providers/jaxb
7000-7499
providers/jettison
7500-7999
providers/multipart
8000-8499
providers/resteasy-hibernatevalidator-provider
8500-8999
providers/resteasy-validator-provider-11
9000-9499
providers/yaml
241
Chapter 51. Internationalizat...
Range
Module
9500-9999
async-http-servlet-3.0
10000-10499
resteasy-cache-core
10500-10999
resteasy-cdi
11000-11499
resteasy-guice
11500-11999
resteasy-jsapi
12000-12499
resteasy-links
12500-12999
resteasy-servlet-initializer
13000-13499
resteasy-spring
13500-13999
security/resteasy-crypto
14000-14499
security/jose-jwt
14500-14999
security/keystone/keystone-as7
15000-15499
security/keystone/keystone-core
15500-15999
security/resteasy-oauth
16000-16499
security/skeleton-key-idm/skeleton-key-as7
16500-16999
security/skeleton-key-idm/skeleton-key-core
17000-17499
security/skeleton-key-idm/skeleton-key-idp
17500-17999
server-adapters/resteasy-jdk-http
18000-18499
server-adapters/resteasy-netty
18500-18999
server-adapters/resteasy-netty4
For example, the jaxb provider contains the interface
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.providers.jaxb.i18.Messages
which looks like
@MessageBundle(projectCode = "RESTEASY")
public interface Messages
{
Messages MESSAGES = org.jboss.logging.Messages.getBundle(Messages.class);
int BASE = 6500;
@Message(id = BASE + 00, value = "Collection wrapping failed, expected root
element name of {0} got {1}", format=Format.MESSAGE_FORMAT)
String collectionWrappingFailedLocalPart(String element, String localPart);
@Message(id = BASE + 05, value = "Collection wrapping failed, expect namespace
of {0} got {1}", format=Format.MESSAGE_FORMAT)
String collectionWrappingFailedNamespace(String namespace, String uri);
...
242
Localization
The value of a message is retrieved by referencing a method and passing the appropriate
parameters. For example,
throw
new
ele.getName().getLocalPart()));
51.2. Localization
When Resteasy is built with the "i18n" profile, a template properties file containing the default
messages is created in a subdirectory of target/generated-translation-files. In the jaxb provider,
for example, the
goes in the
directory, and the first few lines are
# Id: 6500
# Message: Collection wrapping failed, expected root element name of {0} got {1}
# @param 1: element # @param 2: localPart collectionWrappingFailedLocalPart=Collection wrapping failed, expected root
element name of {0} got {1}
# Id: 6505
# Message: Collection wrapping failed, expect namespace of {0} got {1}
# @param 1: namespace # @param 2: uri collectionWrappingFailedNamespace=Collection wrapping failed, expect namespace
of {0} got {1}
To provide the translation of the messages for a particular locale, the file should be renamed,
replacing "locale", "COUNTRY", and "VARIANT" as appropriate (possibly omitting the latter two),
and copied to the src/main/resources directory. In the jaxb provider, it would go in
For testing purposes, each module containing a Messages interface has two sample properties
files, for the locale "en" and the imaginary locale "xx", in the src/test/resources directory. They are
copied to src/main/resources when the module is built and deleted when it is cleaned.
The Messages.i18n_xx.properties file in the jaxb provider, for example, looks like
243
Chapter 51. Internationalizat...
# Id: 6500
# Message: Collection wrapping failed, expected root element name of {0} got {1}
# @param 1: element # @param 2: localPart collectionWrappingFailedLocalPart=Collection wrapping failed, expected root
element name of {0} got {1}
# Id: 6505
# Message: Collection wrapping failed, expect namespace of {0} got {1}
# @param 1: namespace # @param 2: uri collectionWrappingFailedNamespace=aaa {0} bbb {1} ccc
...
Note that the value of collectionWrappingFailedNamespace is modified.
244
Chapter 52.
Chapter 52. Maven and RESTEasy
JBoss's Maven Repository is at: http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public/
RESTEasy is modularized into 20 plus components. Each component is accessible as a Maven
artifact. As a convenience RESTEasy provides a BOM containing the complete set of components
with the appropriate versions for the "stack".
It is recommended to declare the BOM in your POM file, that way you will always be sure to get
the correct version of the artifacts. In addition, you will not need to declare the version of each
RESTEasy artifact called out in the dependencies section.
Declare the BOM file in the dependencyManagement section of the POM file like this. Note that
Maven version 2.0.9 or higher is required to process BOM files.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-bom
${version.resteasy}
pom
import
Declare the specific RESTEasy artifacts you require in the dependencies section of the POM file
like this.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-client
....
245
Chapter 52. Maven and RESTEasy
It is possible to reference a RESTEasy artifact version not in the current BOM by specifying a
version in the dependency itself.
org.jboss.resteasy
resteasy-client
${version.some.other}
....
246
Chapter 53.
Chapter 53. Deprecated Security
Modules
The following security related modules are deprecated and meant to be removed in the future:
• keystone
• login-module-authenticator
• resteasy-oauth
• skeleton-key-idm
Please refer to http://www.keycloak.org/ for a modern solution for the usecases previously covered
by the deprecated modules.
247
248
Chapter 54.
Chapter 54. Documentation
Support
There's a great javadoc engine that allows you to generate javadocs for JAX-RS and JAXB
called JAX-Doclet [http://www.lunatech-labs.com/open-source/jax-doclets]. Follow the link for
more details.
249
250
Chapter 55.
Chapter 55. Migration to Resteasy
3.1
In a minor release like 3.1.0.Final, as opposed to a point release like 3.0.19.Final, the scope of
permissible changes is broadened. User discernible changes in Resteasy 3.1.0.Final include
• module reorganization
• package reorganization
• new features
• minor behavioral changes
• miscellaneous changes
In this chapter we focus on changes that might cause existing code to fail or behave in new ways.
The audience for this discussion may be partitioned into three subsets, depending on the version
of Resteasy currently in use, the API currently in use, and the API to be used after an upgrade
to Resteasy 3.1. The following APIs are available:
1. Resteasy 2: Resteasy 2 conforms to the JAX-RS 1 specification, and adds a variety of
additional facilities, such as a client API, a caching system, an interceptor framework, etc. All
of these user facing classes and interfaces comprise the Resteasy 2 API.
2. Resteasy 3: Resteasy 3 conforms to the JAX-RS 2 specification, and adds some additional
facilities. Many of the non-spec facilities from the Resteasy 2 API are formalized, in altered
form, in JAX-RS 2, in which case the older facilites are deprecated. The non-deprecated user
facing classes and interfaces in Resteasy 3 comprise the Resteasy 3 API.
These definitions are rather informal and imprecise, since the user facing classes / interfaces in
Resteasy 3.0.19.Final, for example, are a proper superset of the user facing classes / interfaces
in Resteasy 3.0.1.Final. For this discussion, we identify the API with the version currently in use
in a given project.
Now, there are three potential target audiences of users planning to upgrade to Resteasy
3.1.0.Final:
1. Those currently using Resteasy API 3 with some Resteasy 3.0.x release
2. Those currently using Resteasy API 2 with some Resteasy 2.x or 3.0.x release and planning
to upgrade to Resteasy API 3
3. Those currently using Resteasy API 2 with some Resteasy 2.x or 3.0.x release and planning
to continue to use Resteasy API 2
251
Chapter 55. Migration to Rest...
Of these, users in Group 2 have the most work to do in upgrading from Resteasy API 2 to Resteasy
API 3. They should consult the separate guide Upgrading from Resteasy 2 to Resteasy 3 [http://
docs.jboss.org/resteasy/docs/resteasy-upgrade-guide-en-US.pdf].
Ideally, users in Groups 1 and 3 might make some changes to take advantage of new features
but would have no changes forced on them by reorganization or altered behavior. Indeed, that is
almost the case, but there are a few changes that they should be aware of.
55.1. Upgrading with Resteasy 3 API
All Resteasy changes are documented in JIRA issues. Issues that describe detectable changes
in release 3.1.0.Final that might impact existing applications include
• RESTEASY-1341:
Build
org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.internal.ClientInvocationBuilder
instance. [https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1341]
method
always return
the
of
same
When a build() method from
• org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.internal.ClientInvocationBuilder in resteasyclient,
• org.jboss.resteasy.specimpl.LinkBuilderImpl in resteasy-jaxrs,
• org.jboss.resteasy.specimpl.ResteasyUriBuilder in resteasy-jaxrs
is called, it will return a new object. This behavior might be seen indirectly. For example,
Builder builder = client.target(generateURL(path)).request();
...
Link link = new LinkBuilderImpl().uri(href).build();
...
URI uri = uriInfo.getBaseUriBuilder().path("test").build();
• RESTEASY-1433: Compile with JDK 1.8 source/target version [https://issues.jboss.org/browse/
RESTEASY-1433]
As it says. Depending on the application, it might be necessary to recompile with a target of
JDK 1.8 so that calls to Resteasy code can work.
• RESTEASY-1484: CVE-2016-6346: Abuse of GZIPInterceptor in can lead to denial of service
attack [https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1484]
Prior to release 3.1.0.Final, the default behavior of Resteasy was to use GZIP to compress
and decompress messages whenever "gzip" appeared in the Content-Encoding header.
252
Upgrading with Resteasy 2 API
However, decompressing messages can lead to security issues, so, as of release 3.1.0.Final,
GZIP compression has to be enabled explicitly. For details, see Chapter GZIP Compression/
Decompression.
Note. Because of some package reorganization due to
(see
below),
the
GZIP
interceptors,
which
used
package
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.encoding
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.
RESTEASY-1531
to
be
in
are
now
in
• RESTEASY-1531: Restore removed Resteasy internal classes into a deprecated/disabled
module [https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1531]
This issue is related to refactoring deprecated elements of the Resteasy 2 API into a separate
module, and, ideally, would have no bearing at all on Resteasy 3. However, a reorganization of
packages has led to moving some non-deprecated API elements in the resteasy-jaxrs module:
•
org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientURI is now
org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.ClientURI
•
org.jboss.resteasy.core.interception.JaxrsInterceptorRegistryListener is
now
org.jboss.resteasy.core.interception.jaxrs.JaxrsInterceptorRegistryListener
•
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.interception.DecoratorProcessor is now
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.DecoratorProcessor
•
All of the dynamic features and interceptors in the package
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors.encoding are now in
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.interceptors
55.2. Upgrading with Resteasy 2 API
Most of the deprecated classes and interfaces from Resteasy 2 have been segregated in a
separate module, resteasy-legacy, as of release 3.1.0.Final. A few remain in module resteasyjaxrs for technical reasons. Eventually, all such classes and interfaces will be removed from
Resteasy. Most of the relocated elements are internal, so ensuring that resteasy-legacy is on the
classpath will make most changes undetectable. One way to do that, of course, is to include it
in an application's WAR. In the context of WildFly, it is also possible to use a jboss-deploymentstructure.xml file in the WEB-INF directory of your WAR file. For example:
253
Chapter 55. Migration to Rest...
There are a few API classes and interfaces from resteasy-jaxrs that have moved to a new package
in resteasy-legacy. These are
•
org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.ClientResponseType is now
org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.legacy.ClientResponseType
•
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.Link is now
org.jboss.resteasy.client.Link
•
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.LinkHeader is now
org.jboss.resteasy.client.LinkHeader
254
Chapter 56.
Chapter 56. Migration from older
versions
56.1. Migrating from Resteasy 2 to Resteasy 3
Many facilities from Resteasy 2 appear in a different form in Resteasy 3. For example, much
of the client framework in Resteasy 2 is formalized, in modified form, in JAX-RS 2.0. Resteasy
versions 3.0.x implement both the older deprecated form and the newer conformant form. The
deprecated form is finally removed in Resteasy 3.1.0.Final. For more information on upgrading
from various deprecated facilities in Resteasy 2, see http://docs.jboss.org/resteasy/docs/resteasyupgrade-guide-en-US.pdf
56.2. Migrating to 3.0.17
• Module resteasy-spring is now included in the Resteasy distribution zip file. For more
information see https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1354.
• Resteasy client proxies now support an as() method for casting to subinterfaces. For more
information see https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1332.
• org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.netty.NettyJaxrsServer in module resteasynetty4 can now be configured to close idle connections. For more information see https://
issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1325.
• Resteasy Spring integration now includes a Spring Boot Starter. For more information see
https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1305.
• resteasy-wadl now supports subresource locators. For more information see https://
issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1297.
• Resteasy has a new builtin producer that implements MessageBodyWriter. For more
information see https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1282.
• Links can be added manually to org.jboss.resteasy.Links.RESTServiceDiscovery
in resteasy-links module. See https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-833 for more
information.
56.3. Migrating from 3.0.13 to 3.0.14
• Resteasy introduces a @QueryParam annotation which allows capturing the name of a query
parameter. See https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-715 for more information.
• Resteasy now supports WADL. See Chapter 49, RESTEasy WADL Support for more
information. Also see https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-166.
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Chapter 56. Migration from ol...
56.4. Migrating from 3.0.12 to 3.0.13
• Resteasy 3 log messages and exceptions are now internationalized. See Chapter 51,
Internationalization and Localization for more information. Also see https://issues.jboss.org/
browse/RESTEASY-1224.
•
org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.ResteasyClientBuilder has a new method,
asyncExecutor(ExecutorService asyncExecutor, boolean cleanupExecutor), with
a new
second parameter which tells the Client to shut down the Executor upon closing. See
https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1181 for more information.
56.5. Migrating to 3.0.12
• org.jboss.resteasy.client.jaxrs.ResteasyClient.property() will now remove a
property when the value is set to null. See https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1184
for more information.
•
org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.netty.NettyJaxrsServer in module resteasy-
netty4
has a new method, setHttpChannelHandlers(), that allows adding channel handlers that
are
processed after the HTTP handlers. See
https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1171 for more information.
•
org.jboss.resteasy.api.validation.ResteasyViolationException is now a
subclass of
javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException instead of
javax.validation.ValidationException. Now, an ExceptionMapper for
ConstraintViolationException will catch ResteasyViolationExceptions.
See https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-1137 for more information.
•
There is a new context parameter, "resteasy.buffer.exception.entity". See
Section 3.4, “Configuration switches” for more information. Also, see
https://issues.jboss.org/browse/RESTEASY-981.
56.6. Migrating from 3.0.7 to 3.0.9
• You may need to upgrade your JDK to the latest 1.7.x or 1.8 releases if you are using JAXB.
There's some entity expansion security vulnerabilities that we had to patch and it seems the fix
doesn't work on earlier versions of JDK 1.7.
256
Migrating from 3.0.6 to 3.0.7
• ContainerRequestContext.setRequestUri() method behavior has been changed to match the
behavior of the JAXRS RI. The relative URI must be equal to are an extension of the base URI
or it will not work. i.e.
context.setRequestUri(URI.create("https://foo.com/base"),
URI.create("https://foo.com/base/path")); // legal
context.setRequestUri(URI.create("https://foo.com/base"),
URI.create("/path")); // "path" is ignored
// if base uri is "http://foo.com/base"
context.setRequestUri(URI.create("http://foo.com/base/path")); // legal
context.setRequestUri(URI.create("/path")); // ignored
56.7. Migrating from 3.0.6 to 3.0.7
• Scannotation has been removed. If you are not running within an application server you must
use the ResteasyServletInitializer. See docs for more detail.
56.8. Migrating from 3.0 to 3.0.4
• Servlet 3.0 deployments within standalone Tomcat or Jetty can now use the Resteasy
ServletContainerInitializer. This allows tighter integration with Resteasy much like you
have within JBoss/WildFly. Check out Chapter 3, Installation/Configuration for more information.
56.9. Migrating from 3.0-beta-6 and 3.0-rc-1
• Form parameters are now read via a provider where earlier they were read from
HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap(). This may break deployments that depend on that
behavior, i.e. if you have a servlet filter that calls that very method. For those situations I added
the switch resteasy.use.container.form.params
• The JAX-RS TCK has become very strict with a ton more tests. I can't remember them all, but
there are a number of edge cases which earlier Resteasy releases misinterpreted.
• Any Failure exceptions in the SPI now have a corresponding JAX-RS 2.0 exception, so they
have been deprecated Resteasy no longer uses these old SPI exceptions internally. It now uses
the JAX-RS 2.0 ones.
• A number of SPIs have changed. Shouldn't be an issue for those of you who use Restasy asis. Specifically InjectorFactory and Registry have changed.
56.10. Migrating from 3.0-beta-5 and 3.0-beta-6
• The JAX-RS 2.0 TCK has become very very strict in terms of the matching algorithm.
Unfortunately, the matching algorithm is quite poor so there are a number of resource schemes
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Chapter 56. Migration from ol...
that will no longer match. For example, resource classes are scanned for a best match, other
are ignored in the match. Resource locators are not visited unless they are a best match over
resource methods. There is one config switch I added so that Resteasy will ignore the Spec
defined class expression filtering step and instead match base on the full expressions of each
JAX-RS method. resteasy.wider.request.matching. Set that to true and you will at least be able
to avoid that.
• The JAX-RS TCK has become very strict with a ton more tests. I can't remember them all, but
there are a number of edge cases which earlier Resteasy releases misinterpreted.
• Any Failure exceptions in the SPI now have a corresponding JAX-RS 2.0 exception, so they
have been deprecated Resteasy no longer uses these old SPI exceptions internally. It now uses
the JAX-RS 2.0 ones.
• A number of SPIs have changed. Shouldn't be an issue for those of you who use Restasy asis. Specifically InjectorFactory and Registry have changed.
56.11. Migrating from 3.0-beta-4 and 3.0-beta-5
• JSONP support is no longer on by default. A few users have complained that it is a security
hole for their applications.
• A number of SPIs have changed. Shouldn't be an issue for those of you who use Restasy asis. Specifically InjectorFactory and Registry have changed.
56.12. Migrating from 3.0-beta-2 and 3.0-beta-4
• The JAX-RS 2.0 class ClientFactory no longer exists. It has been replaced with ClientBuilder.
You can still call newClient(), but there is now an additional builder interface. Likewise,
there is no ResteasyClientFactory. We also have an extension to ClientBuilder called
ResteasyClientBuilder. So docs for more details.
• Filter execution and exception handling now matches the JAX-RS 2.0 spec. Exceptions
thrown from filters/interceptors can now be mapped if possible. Responses returned from
ExceptionMappers are now filtered.
56.13. Migrating from 3.0-beta-1 and 3.0-beta-2
• The constructors for ResteasyClient class are no longer public. You need to use the new
ResteasyClientBuilder class. One thing to note is that when a ResteasyClient is created by a
builder, it no longer uses ResteasyProviderFactory.getInstance(), but instead instantiates a new
one. This will probably not effect most uses.
258
Migrating from 2.x to 3.0-beta-1
56.14. Migrating from 2.x to 3.0-beta-1
• Resteasy manual client API, interceptors, StringConverters, StringParamterConverters, and
Async HTTP APIs have all been deprecated and will be removed possibly in a later release.
There is now a JAX-RS 2.0 equivalent for each of these things.
• resteasy-crypto: SignedInput and SignedOutput must have a multipart/signed content type set
either through the request or response object, or by annotation @Consumes/@Produces
• Server-side cache setup has been changed. Please see documentation for more details.
• The security filters for @RolesAllowed, etc. now return 403, Forbidden instead of 401.
• Most add() methods have been removed or made protected in ResteasyProviderFactory. Use
registerProvider() and registerProviderInstance() methods.
• The new JAX-RS 2.0 client-side filters will not be bound and run when you are using Resteasy's
old client api.
• On server-side, all old Resteasy interceptors can run in parallel with the new JAX-RS 2.0 filter
and interceptor interfaces.
• Some SPIs have changed. This should not effect applications unless you are doing something
you aren't supposed to do.
• The async tomcat and async jboss web modules have been removed. If you are not running
under Servlet 3.0, async HTTP server-side, will be faked and run synchronously in same request
thread.
56.15. Migrating from 2.3.2 to 2.3.3
• MultipartInput has a new close() method. If you have a read body that is MultipartInput or one
of its subinterfaces, then you must call this method to clean up any temporary files created.
Otherwise, these possible temporary files are deleted on GC or JDK shutdown. Other multipart
providers clean up automatically.
56.16. Migrating from 2.3.0 to 2.3.1
• sjsxp has been removed as a dependency for the Resteasy JAXB provider
56.17. Migrating from 2.2.x to 2.3
• The Apache Abdera integration has been removed as a project. If you want the integration back,
please ping our dev lists or open a JIRA.
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Chapter 56. Migration from ol...
• Apache Http Client 4.x is now the default underlying client HTTP mechanism.
If there are problems, you can change the default mechanism by calling
ClientRequest.setDefaultExecutorClass.
• ClientRequest no longer supports a shared default executor. The createPerRequestInstance
parameter has been removed from ClientRequest.setDefaultExecutorClass().
• resteasy-doseta module no longer exists. It is now renamed to the resteasy-crypto module and
also includes other things beyond doseta.
• Doseta work has be refactored a bit and may have broken backward compatibility.
• Jackson has been upgraded from 1.6.3 to 1.8.5. Let me know if there are any issues.
• Form parameter processing behavior was modified because of RESTEASY-574. If you are
having problems with form paramater processing on Tomcat after this fix, please log a JIRA or
contact the resteasy-developers email list.
• Some subtle changes were made to ExceptionMapper handling so that you can write
ExceptionMappers for any exception thrown internally or within your application. See JIRA Issue
RESTEASY-595 for more details. This may have an effect on existing applications that have an
ExceptionMapper for RuntimeException in that you will start to see Resteasy internal exceptions
being caught by this kind of ExceptionMapper.
• The resteasy-cache (Server-side cache) will now invalidate the cache when a PUT, POST, or
DELETE is done on a particular URI.
56.18. Migrating from 2.2.0 to 2.2.1
• Had to upgrade JAXB libs from 2.1.x to 2.2.4 as there was a concurrency bug in JAXB impl.
56.19. Migrating from 2.1.x to 2.2
• ClientRequest.getHeaders() always returns a copy. It also converts the values within
ClientRequest.getHeadersAsObjects() to string. If you add values to the map returned by
getHeaders() nothing happen. Instead add values to the getHeadersAsObjects() map. This
allows non-string header objects to propagate through the MessageBodyWriter interceptor and
ClientExecutor interceptor chains.
56.20. Migrating from 2.0.x to 2.1
• Slf4j is no longer the default logging mechanism for resteasy. Resteasy also no longer ships with
SLF4J libraries. Please read the logging section in the Installation and Configuration chapter
for more details.
• The constructor used to instantiate resource and provider classes is now picked based on the
requirements of the JAX-RS specification. Specifically, the public constructor with the most
260
Migrating from 1.2.x to 2.0
arguments is picked. This behavior varies from previous versions where a no-arg constructor
is preferred.
56.21. Migrating from 1.2.x to 2.0
• TJWS has been forked to fix some bugs. The new groupId is org.jboss.resteasy, the artifactId
is tjws. It will match the resteasy distribution version
• Please check out the JBoss 6 integration. It makes things a lot easier if you are deploying in
that environment
• There is a new Filter implementation that is the preferred deployment mechanism. Servletbased deployments are still supported, but it is suggested you use to using a FilterDispatcher.
See documentation for more details.
• As per required by the spec List or array injection of empty values will return an empty collection
or array, not null. I.e. (@QueryParam("name") List param) param will be an empty List.
Resteasy 1.2.x and earlier would return null.
• We have forked TJWS, the servlet container used for embedded testing into the group
org.jboss.resteasy, with the artifact id of tjws. You will need to remove these dependencies from
your maven builds if you are using any part of the resteasy embeddable server. TJWS has a
number of startup/shutdown race conditions we had to fix in order to make unit testing viable.
• Spring integration compiled against Spring 3.0.3. It may or may not still work with 2.5.6 and lower
56.22. Migrating from 1.2.GA to 1.2.1.GA
Methods @Deprecated within 1.2.GA have been removed. This is in the Client Framework and
has to do with all references to Apache HTTP Client. You must now create an ClientExecutor if
you want to manage your Apache HTTP Client sessions.
56.23. Migrating from 1.1 to 1.2
• The resteasy-maven-import artifact has been renamed to resteasy-bom
• Jettison and Fastinfoset have been broken out of the resteasy-jaxb-provider maven module.
You will now need to include resteasy-jettison-provider or resteasy-fastinfoset-provider if you
use either of these libraries.
• The constructors for ClientRequest that have a HttpClient parameter (Apache Http Client 3.1
API) are now deprecated. They will be removed in the final release of 1.2. You must create a
Apache hTTP Client Executor and pass it in as a parameter if you want to re-use existing Apache
HttpClient sessions or do any special configuration. The same is true for the ProxyFactoyr
methods.
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Chapter 56. Migration from ol...
• Apache HttpClient 4.0 support is available if you want to use it. I've had some trouble with it so
it is not the default implementation yet for the client framework.
• It is no longer required to call RegisterBuiltin.register() to initialize the set of providers. Too
many users forgot to do this (include myself!). You can turn this off by calling the static method
ResteasyProviderFactory.setRegisterBuiltinByDefault(false)
• The
Embedded
Container's
API
has
changed
to
use
org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyDeployment. Please see embedded documentation for more
details.
262
Chapter 57.
Chapter 57. Books You Can Read
There are a number of great books that you can learn REST and JAX-RS from
• RESTful Web Services [http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596529260/] by Leonard Richardson and
Sam Ruby. A great introduction to REST.
• RESTful Java with JAX-RS [http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596158040/] by Bill Burke. Overview
of REST and detailed explanation of JAX-RS. Book examples are distributed with RESTEasy.
• RESTful Web Services Cookbook [http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596808679/] by Subbu
Allamaraju and Mike Amundsen. Detailed cookbook on how to design RESTful services.
263
264
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