Simh_doc Sim H Users' Guide Simh Doc

User Manual: SimH Users' Guide Simulator ation

Open the PDF directly: View PDF PDF.
Page Count: 28

DownloadSimh_doc Sim H Users' Guide Simh Doc
Open PDF In BrowserView PDF
SIMH Users’ Guide, V3.9-0
01-May-2012
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The following copyright notice applies to the SIMH source, binary, and documentation:
Original code published in 1993-2012, written by Robert M Supnik
Copyright (c) 1993-2012, Robert M Supnik
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR
ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not be used in
advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software
without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3
1 Compiling And Running A Simulator ............................................................................ 3
1.1
Compiling Under UNIX/Linux/Mac OS-X .............................................................. 4
1.2
Compiling Under Windows.................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Compiling with Ethernet Support ....................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Compiling Under MinGW................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 Compiling Under Visual C++ ............................................................................. 5
1.3
Compiling Under OpenVMS.................................................................................. 6
2 Simulator Conventions ................................................................................................. 6
3 Commands .................................................................................................................. 6
3.1
Loading and Saving Programs.............................................................................. 6
3.2
Saving and Restoring State .................................................................................. 7
3.3
Resetting Devices ................................................................................................. 7
3.4
Connecting and Disconnecting Devices ............................................................... 7
3.5
Examining and Changing State ............................................................................ 8
3.6
Evaluating Instructions ........................................................................................ 10
3.7
Running A Simulated Program ........................................................................... 10
3.7.1 Controlling The Simulation Rate...................................................................... 10
3.8
Stopping The Simulator ...................................................................................... 11
3.8.1 Simulator Detected Stop Conditions ............................................................... 11
3.8.2 User Specified Stop Conditions....................................................................... 11
3.8.3 Breakpoints ..................................................................................................... 11
3.9
Setting Device Parameters ................................................................................. 12
3.10 Displaying Parameters and Status...................................................................... 12
3.11 Altering The Simulated Configuration ................................................................. 13
3.12 Console Options ................................................................................................. 13
3.13 Executing Command Files .................................................................................. 14
3.13.1 Displaying Arbitrary Text.............................................................................. 15
3.13.2 Testing Simulator State ............................................................................... 15
3.14 Executing System Commands ............................................................................ 15
3.15 Getting Help ........................................................................................................ 16
3.16 Controlling Debugging ........................................................................................ 16
3.17 Exiting The Simulator.......................................................................................... 16
Appendix 1: File Representations ..................................................................................... 17
A.1 Hard Disks .............................................................................................................. 17
A.2 Floppy Disks............................................................................................................ 17
A.3 Magnetic Tapes....................................................................................................... 17
A.4 Line Printers ............................................................................................................ 17
A.5 DECtapes ................................................................................................................ 18
Appendix 2: Debug Status ................................................................................................ 19
Revision History (covering Rev 2.0 to Rev 3.5)................................................................. 21
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 27

Introduction
This memorandum documents the SIMH simulators. These simulators are freeware; refer to the license
terms above for conditions of use. Support is not available. The best way to fix problems or add features is
to read and modify the sources yourself. Alternately, you can send Internet mail to simh AT trailing-edge
DOT com, but a response is not guaranteed.
The simulators use a common command interface. This memorandum describes the features of the
command interface. The details of each simulator are documented in separate, machine-specific
memoranda.

1 Compiling And Running A Simulator
The simulators have been tested on VAX VMS, Alpha VMS, Alpha UNIX, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD,
Linux, Solaris, Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP, MacOS X, and OS/2. Porting to other environments will require
changes to the operating system dependent code in the SIMH libraries (sim_fio.c, sim_timer.c,
sim_console.c, sim_ether.c, sim_sock.c).
The simulator sources are provided in a zip archive and are organized hierarchically. Source files for the
simulator libraries are in the top level directory; source files for each simulator are in individual
subdirectories. Note that the include files in the top level directory are referenced from the subdirectories,
without path identifiers. Your build tool needs to search the top level directory for include files not
present in the simulator-specific directory, or you will have to copy all files from the subdirectories into the
master directory. File manifests for each simulator are given in that simulator's documentation.
The simulators recognize or require a few compile-time #defines:
-

The 18b simulators require that the model name be defined as part of the compilation command
line (i.e., PDP4 for the PDP-4, PDP7 for the PDP-7, PDP9 for the PDP-9, PDP15 for the PDP15).

-

The PDP-10 and IBM 7094 simulators use 64b integer variables, requiring that USE_INT64 be
defined as part of the compilation command line. Since 64b integer declarations vary,
sim_defs.h has conditional declarations for Windows (_int64) and Digital UNIX (long). The
default is GNU C (long long). If your compiler uses a different convention, you will have to
modify sim_defs.h.

-

The PDP-10, PDP-11, and VAX simulators share common peripherals. To distinguish the target
system, one of three variables must be defined on the command line: VM_PDP10 for the PDP10; VM_PDP11 for the PDP-11; or VM_VAX for the VAX.

-

The PDP-11, PDP-11, and VAX simulators optionally support Ethernet. To include Ethernet
emulation, USE_NETWORK must be defined as part of the compilation command line. At
present, Ethernet support has been tested only on Windows, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD,
FreeBSD, Solaris, and Alpha VMS, but it should work in any host environment that supports the
Pcap library (see the Ethernet readme file).

-

The PDP-11 and VAX simulators optionally support disks and serial devices files greater than
2GB. To include large device support, both USE_INT64 and USE_ADDR64 must be defined as
part of the compilation command line.

-

The HP2100 Fast FORTRAN Processor (FFP) and 1000-F CPU options require 64b integer
support. Define HAVE_INT64 (not USE_INT64) as part of the compilation command line if your
host compiler supports 64b integers. On systems without 64b support, the 1000 F-Series CPU
will be unavailable, and FFP extended-precision instructions (e.g., XADD) will be disabled; the
remainder of the FFP instructions will work normally. There may be some compilation warnings.

To start the simulator, simply type its name. (On VMS the simulators must then be defined as foreign
commands in order to be started by name.) The simulator recognizes three command line switches: -q, -v,
and -e. If -q is specified, certain informational messages are suppressed. The -v and -e switches pertain
only to command files and are described in Section 3.13.
The simulator interprets the arguments on the command line, if any, as the file name and arguments for a DO
command:
% pdp10 {switches} { {arg,arg,...}}
If no file is specified on the command line, the simulator looks for a startup file consisting of the simulator
name (including its path components) plus the extension .ini. If a startup file is specified, either on the
command line or implicitly via the .ini capability, it should contain a series of non-interactive simulator
command, one per line. These commands can be used to set up standard parameters, for example, disk
sizes.
After initializing its internal structures and processing the startup file (if any), the simulator types out its name
and version and then prompts for input with:
sim>

1.1 Compiling Under UNIX/Linux/Mac OS-X
The sources originate on a Windows system and have cr-lf at the end of every line. For use on UNIX or
Mac, the sources must be converted to UNIX or Mac text conventions. This can be done with the UNZIP
utility (unzip -a).
The supplied makefile will compile the simulators for UNIX systems that support the POSIX TERMIOS. The
VAX and PDP-11 can be compiled with or without Ethernet support. The makefile will automatically build
these simulators with Ethernet support if the necessary libpcap components are available on the system
which is doing the building. The recommended libpcap components are those packaged and provided by
the host operating system vendor. If your host operating system vendor doesn’t distribute libpcap
components (all modern ones do), you may be able to use the libpcap which can be downloaded and built
from sources from http://www.tcpdump.org/.
To compile with or without Ethernet support:
gmake {target|ALL|clean}
Notes for hand compilation:
-

The default UNIX terminal handling model is the POSIX TERMIOS interface, which is supported
by Linux, Mac OS/X, and Alpha UNIX. If your UNIX only supports the BSD terminal interface,
BSDTTY must be defined as part of the compilation command line.

-

The PDP-8, PDP-11, 18b PDP, PDP-10, and Nova simulators use the math library. If your
UNIX does not link the math library automatically, you must add -lm to the compilation command
line.

Examples:
-

PDP-11 under TERMIOS UNIX:
% cc -DVM_PDP11 pdp11_*.c scp.c sim_*.c -lm -o pdp11

-

PDP-9 under TERMIOS UNIX:
% cc -DPDP9 pdp18b_*.c scp.c sim_*.c -lm -o pdp9

-

PDP-10 under BSD terminal UNIX:

% cc -DVM_PDP10 -DUSE_INT64 -DBSDTTY pdp10_*.c scp.c sim_*.c -lm -o pdp10

1.2 Compiling Under Windows
1.2.1 Compiling with Ethernet Support
The Windows-specific Ethernet code uses the WinPCAP 4.x package. This package for Windows simulates
the libpcap package that is freely available for Unix systems. Building simulators with built-in Ethernet
support can be done if the required WinPcap components are available on your build system at compile
time. These components are available by downloading the file:
https://github.com/downloads/simh/simh/windows-build.zip. This zip file contains a file called
0ReadMe_Build_Dependencies.txt which explains how to locate the unpacked zip file contents to build
simulators with Ethernet support.
In order for a simulator (built with Ethernet support) to provide working Ethernet functionality WinPCAP must
be installed on the system. In order to install the WinPcap package the following should be performed:
-

Download V4.x from http://www.winpcap.org.
Install the package as directed.

1.2.2 Compiling Under MinGW
MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows) is a free C compiler available from http://www.mingw.org. Msys is a
minimal set of Unix utilities to support Mingw, also available from http://www.mingw.org. The distribution
includes a batch file (build_mingw.bat) that will build all the simulators from source. By default, the PDP-11
and VAX are built with Ethernet support if the necessary Winpcap components are available at build time

1.2.3 Compiling Under Visual C++
Visual C++ requires projects to be defined for each executable which is being built. You can define your
own project for each simulator you are interested in, or you can use the predefined project definitions for this
simulator release.
Each simulator must be organized as a separate Visual C++ project. Starting from an empty console
application,
-

Add all the files from the simulator file manifest to the project.
Open the Project Settings (VC++ 98) or Properties (VC++ .NET) dialog box.
Under C/C++, Category: General, add any required preprocessor definitions (for example,
USE_INT64).
Under C/C++, Category: Preprocessor, add the top level simulation directory to the Additional
Include Directories. For the VAX and PDP-10, you must also add the PDP-11 directory.
Under Link, add wsock32.lib and winmm.lib at the end of the list of Object/Module Libraries.

-

If you are building the PDP-11 and VAX with Ethernet support, you must also add the WinPCAP
libraries (packet.lib, wpcap.lib) to the list of Object/Module libraries.

If you are using Visual C++ .NET, you must turn off /Wp64 (warn about potential 64b incompatibilities) and
disable Unicode processing. You will also have to turn off warning 4996 (“deprecated” string functions), or
lower the warning level to /W1. Otherwise, the compilations will generate a lot of spurious conversion
warnings.

1.3 Compiling Under OpenVMS
Compiling on OpenVMS requires DEC C. The simulators that require 64b (PDP-10 and VAX) will not
compile on OpenVMS/VAX. The SIMH distribution includes an MMS command file descrip.mms that will
build all the simulators from source. An example of hand compilation:
-

PDP-8 under VMS:
$ cc scp.c,sim_*.c,[.pdp8]pdp8*.c
$ link/exec=pdp8 scp.obj,sim_*.obj,[.pdp8]pdp8*.obj

2 Simulator Conventions
A simulator consists of a series of devices, the first of which is always the CPU. A device consists of named
registers and one or more numbered units. Registers correspond to device state, units to device address
spaces. Thus, the CPU device might have registers like PC, ION, etc, and a unit corresponding to main
memory; a disk device might have registers like BUSY, DONE, etc, and units corresponding to individual
disk drives. Except for main memory, device address spaces are simulated as unstructured binary disk files
in the host file system. The SHOW CONFIG command displays the simulator configuration.
A simulator keeps time in terms of arbitrary units, usually one time unit per instruction executed. Simulated
events (such as completion of I/O) are scheduled at some number of time units in the future. The simulator
executes synchronously, invoking event processors when simulated events are scheduled to occur. Even
asynchronous events, like keyboard input, are handled by polling at synchronous intervals. The SHOW
QUEUE command displays the simulator event queue.

3 Commands
Simulator commands consist of a command verb, optional switches, and optional arguments. Switches take
the form:
-{...}
Multiple switches may be specified separately or together: -abcd and -a -b -c -d are treated identically.
Verbs, switches, and other input (except for file names) are case insensitive.
Any command beginning with semicolon (;) is considered a comment and ignored.

3.1 Loading and Saving Programs
The LOAD command (abbreviation LO) loads a file in binary loader format:

load  {implementation options}
The types of formats supported are implementation specific. Options (such as load within range) are also
implementation specific.
The DUMP command (abbreviation DU) dumps memory in binary loader format:
dump  {implementation options}
The types of formats supported are implementation specific. Options (such as dump within range) are also
implementation specific.

3.2 Saving and Restoring State
The SAVE command (abbreviation SA) save the complete state of the simulator to a file. This includes the
contents of main memory and all registers, and the I/O connections of devices except network devices (such
as Ethernet controllers and terminal multiplexers):
save 
The RESTORE command (abbreviation REST, alternately GET) restores a previously saved simulator state:
restore 
Note: SAVE file format compresses zeroes to minimize file size.

3.3 Resetting Devices
The RESET command (abbreviation RE) resets a device or the entire simulator to a predefined condition. If
switch -p is specified, the device is reset to its power-up state:
RESET
RESET -p
RESET ALL
RESET 

reset all devices
powerup all devices
reset all devices
reset specified device

Typically, RESET stops any in-progress I/O operation, clears any interrupt request, and returns the device to
a quiescent state. It does not clear main memory or affect I/O connections.

3.4 Connecting and Disconnecting Devices
Except for main memory and network devices, units are simulated as unstructured binary disk files in the
host file system. Before using a simulated unit, the user must specify the file to be accessed by that unit.
The ATTACH (abbreviation AT) command associates a unit and a file:
ATTACH  
If the file does not exist, and the -e switch was not specified, a new file is created, and an appropriate
message is printed. If the -e switch was specified, a new file is not created, and an error message is printed.
If the -r switch is specified, or the file is write protected, ATTACH tries to open the file read only. If the file
does not exist, or the unit does not support read only operation, an error occurs. Input-only devices, such as
paper-tape readers, and devices with write lock switches, such as disks and tapes, support read only

operation; other devices do not. If a file is attached read only, its contents can be examined but not
modified.
For simulated magnetic tapes, the ATTACH command can specify the format of the attached tape image file:
ATTACH -f   
The currently supported tape image file formats are:
SIMH
E11
TPC
P7B

SIMH simulator format
E11 simulator format
TPC format
Pierce simulator 7-track format

The tape format can also be set with the SET command prior to ATTACH:
SET  FORMAT=
ATT  
The format of an attached file can be displayed with the SHOW command:
SHOW  FORMAT
For Telnet-based terminal emulators, the ATTACH command associates the master unit with a TCP/IP port:
ATTACH  
The port is a decimal number between 1 and 65535 that is not used by standard TCP/IP protocols.
For Ethernet emulators, the ATTACH command associates the simulated Ethernet with a physical Ethernet
device:
ATTACH  
The DETACH (abbreviation DET) command breaks the association between a unit and a file, port, or network
device:
DETACH ALL
DETACH 

detach all units
detach specified unit

The EXIT command performs an automatic DETACH ALL.

3.5 Examining and Changing State
There are four commands to examine and change state:
-

EXAMINE (abbreviated E) examines state
DEPOSIT (abbreviated D) changes state
IEXAMINE (interactive examine, abbreviated IE) examines state and allows the user to
interactively change it
IDEPOSIT (interactive deposit, abbreviated ID) allows the user to interactively change state

All four commands take the form

command {modifiers} 
Deposit must also include a deposit value at the end of the command.
There are four kinds of modifiers: switches, device/unit name, search specifier, and for EXAMINE, output file.
Switches have been described previously. A device/unit name identifies the device and unit whose address
space is to be examined or modified. If no device is specified, the CPU (main memory)is selected; if a
device but no unit is specified, unit 0 of the device is selected.
The search specifier provides criteria for testing addresses or registers to see if they should be processed.
A specifier consists of a logical operator, a relational operator, or both, optionally separated by spaces.
{ }  
where the logical operator is & (and), | (or), or ^ (exclusive or), and the relational operator is = or == (equal),
! or != (not equal), >= (greater than or equal), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal), or < (less than). If a
logical operator is specified without a relational operator, it is ignored. If a relational operator is specified
without a logical operator, no logical operation is performed. All comparisons are unsigned.
The output file modifier redirects command output to a file instead of the console. An output file modifier
consists of @ followed by a valid file name.
Modifiers may be specified in any order. If multiple modifiers of the same type are specified, later modifiers
override earlier modifiers. Note that if the device/unit name comes after the search specifier, the search
values will interpreted in the radix of the CPU, rather than of the device/unit.
The "object list" consists of one or more of the following, separated by commas:
register
register[sub1-sub2]

register[sub1/length]

register[ALL]
register1-register2
address
address1-address2
address/length
STATE
ALL

the specified register
the specified register array locations,
starting at location sub1 up to and
including location sub2
the specified register array locations,
starting at location sub1 up to but
not including sub1+length
all locations in the specified register
array
all the registers starting at register1
up to and including register2
the specified location
all locations starting at address1 up to
and including address2
all location starting at address up to
but not including address+length
all registers in the device
all locations in the unit

Switches can be used to control the format of display information:
-a
-c
-m
-o
-d
-h

display
display
display
display
display
display

as
as
as
as
as
as

ASCII
character string
instruction mnemonics
octal
decimal
hexadecimal

The simulators typically accept symbolic input (see documentation with each simulator).
Examples:
ex
de
ie
ie

1000-1100
PC 1040
40-50
>1000 40-50

ex
ex
de
de

rx0 50060
rx sbuf[3-6]
all 0
&77>0 0

ex -m @memdump.txt 0-7777

examine 1000 to 1100
set PC to 1040
interactively examine 40:50
interactively examine the subset
of locations 40:50 that are >1000
examine 50060, RX unit 0
examine SBUF[3] to SBUF[6] in RX
set main memory to 0
set all addresses whose low order
bits are non-zero to 0
dump memory to file

Note: to terminate an interactive command, simply type a bad value (eg, XYZ) when input is requested.

3.6 Evaluating Instructions
The EVAL command evaluates a symbolic instruction and returns the equivalent numeric value. This is
useful for obtaining numeric arguments for a search command:
EVAL 

3.7 Running A Simulated Program
The RUN command (abbreviated RU) resets all devices, deposits its argument (if given) in the PC, and starts
execution. If no argument is given, execution starts at the current PC.
The GO command does not reset devices, deposits its argument (if given) in the PC, and starts execution. If
no argument is given, execution starts at the current PC.
The CONT command (abbreviated CO) does not reset devices and resumes execution at the current PC.
The STEP command (abbreviated S) resumes execution at the current PC for the number of instructions
given by its argument. If no argument is supplied, one instruction is executed.
The BOOT command (abbreviated BO) resets all devices and bootstraps the device and unit given by its
argument. If no unit is supplied, unit 0 is bootstrapped. The specified unit must be attached.

3.7.1 Controlling The Simulation Rate
By default, the simulator runs as fast as possible (although at lower than normal priority) and will consume
all available processing resources on the host system. This will raise power consumption (and the operating
temperature) of many PC’s, and drain the battery of a laptop.
The SET THROTTLE command allows the user to reduce the effective execution rate to a specified number
of instructions per second, or to a specified percentage of total host computing time:
SET THROTTLE xM
SET THROTTLE xK
SET THROTTLE x%

set execution rate to x mips
set execution rate to x kips
limit simulator to x% of host time

Throttling is only available on host systems that implement a precision real-time delay function.
The SET NOTHROTTLE command turns off throttling. The SHOW THROTTLE command shows the current
settings for throttling.
Some simulators implement a different form of resource management called idling. Idling suspends
simulated execution whenever the program running on the simulator is doing nothing, and runs the simulator
at full speed when there is work to do. Throttling and idling are mutually exclusive.

3.8 Stopping The Simulator
Programs run until the simulator detects an error or stop condition, or until the user forces a stop condition.

3.8.1 Simulator Detected Stop Conditions
These simulator-detected conditions stop simulation:
-

HALT instruction. If a HALT instruction is decoded, simulation stops.

-

Breakpoint. The simulator may support breakpoints (see below).

-

I/O error. If an I/O error occurs during simulation of an I/O operation, and the device stop-on-I/Oerror flag is set, simulation usually stops.

-

Processor condition. Certain processor conditions can stop simulation; these are described with the
individual simulators.

3.8.2 User Specified Stop Conditions
Typing the interrupt character stops simulation. The interrupt character is defined by the WRU (where are
you) console option and is initially set to 005 (^E).

3.8.3 Breakpoints
A simulator may offer breakpoint capability. A simulator may define breakpoints of different types, identified
by letter (for example, E for execution, R for read, W for write, etc). At the moment, most simulators support
only E (execution) breakpoints.
Associated with a breakpoint are a count and, optionally, one or more actions. Each time the breakpoint is
taken, the associated count is decremented. If the count is less than or equal to 0, the breakpoint occurs;
otherwise, it is deferred. When the breakpoint occurs, the optional actions are automatically executed.
A breakpoint is set by the BREAK command:
BREAK {-types} {{[count]},{addr range...}}{;action;action...}
If no type is specified, the simulator-specific default breakpoint type (usually E for execution) is used. If no
address range is specified, the current PC is used. As with EXAMINE and DEPOSIT, an address range may
be a single address, a range of addresses low-high, or a relative range of address/length. Examples:
BREAK
BREAK -e 200
BREAK 2000/2[2]

set E break at current PC
set E break at 200
set E breaks at 2000,2001 with count = 2

BREAK 100;EX AC;D MQ 0
BREAK 100;

set E break at 100 with actions EX AC and
D MQ 0
delete action on break at 100

Currently set breakpoints can be displayed with the SHOW BREAK command:
SHOW {-types} BREAK {ALL|{,...}}
Locations with breakpoints of the specified type are displayed.
Finally, breakpoints can be cleared by the NOBREAK command.

3.9 Setting Device Parameters
The SET command (abbreviated SE) changes the status of one or more device parameters:
SET  {={=},...}
or one or more unit parameters:
SET  {=},{{=},...}
Most parameters are simulator and device specific. Disk drives, for example, can usually be set
WRITEENABLED or write LOCKED; if a device supports multiple drive types, the SET command can be used
to specify the drive type.
All devices recognize the following parameters:
OCT
DEC
HEX

sets the data radix = 8
sets the data radix = 10
sets the data radix = 16

3.10 Displaying Parameters and Status
The SHOW command (abbreviated SH) displays the status of one or more device parameters:
SHOW { {=},
{{=},...}
or one or more unit parameters:
SHOW { {=},
{{=},...}
There are two kinds of modifiers: switches and output file. Switches have been described previously. The
output file modifier redirects command output to a file instead of the console. An output file modifier consists
of @ followed by a valid file name.
All devices implement parameters RADIX (the display radix), MODIFIERS (list of valid modifiers), and NAMES
(logical name). Other device and unit parameters are implementation-specific.
SHOW is also used to display global simulation state:
SHOW CONFIGURATION

shows the simulator configuration and

SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW

DEVICES
MODIFIERS
NAMES
QUEUE
TIME
VERSION



the status of all devices and units
shows the simulator configuration
shows all available modifiers
show all logical names
shows the simulator event queue
shows the elapsed time since the last RUN
show the simulator version and options
shows the status of the named device
shows the status of the named unit

SHOW QUEUE and SHOW TIME display time in simulator-specific units; typically, one time unit represents one
instruction execution.

3.11 Altering The Simulated Configuration
In most simulators, the SET  DISABLED command removes the specified device from the
configuration. A DISABLED device is invisible to running programs. The device can still be RESET, but it
cannot be ATTAChed, DETACHed, or BOOTed. SET  ENABLED restores a disabled device to a
configuration.
Most multi-unit devices allow units to be enabled or disabled:
SET  ENABLED
SET  DISABLED
When a unit is disabled, it will not be displayed by SHOW DEVICE.
The standard device names can be supplemented with logical names. Logical names must be unique within
a simulator (that is, they cannot be the same as an existing device name). To assign a logical name to a
device:
ASSIGN  

assign log-name to device

To remove a logical name:
DEASSIGN 

remove logical name

To show the current logical name assignment:
SHOW  NAMES

show logical name, if any

To show all logical names:
SHOW NAMES

3.12 Console Options
Console options are controlled by the SET CONSOLE command.
The console terminal normally runs in the controlling window. Optionally, the console terminal can be
connected to a Telnet port. This allows systems to emulate a VT100 using the built-in terminal emulation of
the Telnet client.
SET CONSOLE TELNET=

connect console terminal to Telnet session

SET CONSOLE NOTELNET

on port
disable console Telnet

Output to the console can be logged simultaneously to a file:
SET CONSOLE LOG=
SET CONSOLE NOLOG

log console output to file
disable logging

The console provides a limited key remapping capability:
SET CONSOLE WRU=
SET CONSOLE BRK=
SET CONSOLE DEL=
SET CONSOLE PCHAR=

interpret ASCII code value as WRU
interpret ASCII code value as BREAK
(0 disables)
interpret ASCII code value as DELETE
bit mask of printable characters in range
[31,0]

Values are hexadecimal on hex CPU's, octal on all others.
The SHOW CONSOLE command displays the current state of console options:
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW
SHOW

CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE

TELNET
LOG
WRU
BRK
DEL
PCHAR

show
show
show
show
show
show
show

all console options
console Telnet state
console logging state
value assigned to WRU
value assigned to BREAK
value assigned to DELETE
value assigned to PCHAR

Both SET CONSOLE and SHOW CONSOLE accept multiple parameters, separated by commas, e.g.,
SET CONSOLE WRU=5,DEL=177

set code values for WRU and DEL

3.13 Executing Command Files
The simulator can execute command files with the DO command:
DO  {arguments...}

execute commands in file

The DO command allows command files to contain substitutable arguments. The string %n, where n is
between 1 and 9, is replaced with argument n from the DO command line. The string %0 is replaced with
. The sequences \% and \\ are replaced with the literal characters % and \, respectively.
Arguments with spaces can be enclosed in matching single or double quotation marks.
If the switch -v is specified, the commands in the file are echoed before they are executed.
If the switch -e is specified, command processing (including nested command invocations) will be aborted if
a command error is encountered. (Simulation stop never abort processing; use ASSERT to catch
unexpected stops.) Without the switch, all errors except ASSERT failures will be ignored, and command
processing will continue.
DO commands may be nested up to ten invocations deep.
Several commands are particularly useful within command files. While they may be executed interactively,
they have only limited functionality when so used.

3.13.1

Displaying Arbitrary Text

The ECHO command is a useful way of annotating command files. ECHO prints out its argument on the
console:
ECHO 

output string to console

If there is no argument, ECHO prints a blank line on the console. This may be used to provide spacing in
the console display or log.

3.13.2

Testing Simulator State

The ASSERT command tests a simulator state condition and halts command file execution if the condition is
false:
ASSERT {} {}
If  is not specified, CPU is assumed.  is a register (scalar or subscripted) belonging to the
indicated device. The  and optional  are the same as those used for "search
specifiers" by the EXAMINE and DEPOSIT commands (see above). The s are expressed in the radix
specified for , not in the radix for the device.
If the  and  are specified, the target register value is first altered as indicated. The result
is then compared to the  via the . If the result is false, an "Assertion failed"
message is printed, and any running command file is aborted. Otherwise, the command has no effect.
For example, a command file might be used to bootstrap an operating system that halts after the initial load
from disk. The ASSERT command is then used to confirm that the load completed successfully by
examining the CPU's "A" register for the expected value:
; OS bootstrap command file
;
ATTACH DS0 os.disk
BOOT DS
; A register contains error code; 0 = good boot
ASSERT A=0
ATTACH MT0 sys.tape
ATTACH MT1 user.tape
RUN
In the example, if the A register is not 0, the "ASSERT A=0" command will be echoed, the command file will
be aborted with an "Assertion failed" message. Otherwise, the command file will continue to bring up the
operating system.

3.14 Executing System Commands
The simulator can execute operating system commands with the ! (spawn) command:
! 
If no operating system command is provided, the simulator attempts to launch the host operating system's
command shell.

3.15 Getting Help
The HELP command prints out information about a command or about all commands:
HELP
HELP 

print all HELP messages
print HELP for command

3.16 Controlling Debugging
Some simulated devices may provide debug printouts to help in diagnosing complicated problems. Debug
output may be sent to a variety of places, or disabled entirely:
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET

CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE
CONSOLE

DEBUG=STDOUT
DEBUG=STDERR
DEBUG=LOG
DEBUG=
NODEBUG

direct debug output to
direct debug output to
direct debug output to
direct debug output to
disable debug output

stdout
stderr
log file
file

If debug output is enabled, individual devices can be controlled with the SET command. If a device has only
a single debug flag:
SET  DEBUG
SET  NODEBUG

enable device debug output
disable device debug output

If the device has individual, named debug flags:
SET
SET
SET
SET






DEBUG
enable all debug flags
DEBUG=n1;n2;... enable debug flags n1, n2, ...
NODEBUG=n1;n2;... disable debug flags n1, n2, ...
NODEBUG
disable all debug flags

If debug output is directed to stdout, it will be intermixed with normal simulator output.

3.17 Exiting The Simulator
EXIT (synonyms QUIT and BYE) returns control to the operating system.

Appendix 1: File Representations
All file representations are little-endian. On big-endian hosts, the simulator automatically performs any
required byte swapping.

A.1 Hard Disks
Hard disks are represented as unstructured binary files of 16b data items for the 12b and 16b simulators, of
32b data items for the 18b, 24b, and 32b simulators, and 64b for the 36b simulators.

A.2 Floppy Disks
Floppy disks are represented as unstructured binary files of 8b data items. They are nearly identical to the
floppy disk images for Doug Jones' PDP-8 simulator but lack the initial 256 byte header. A utility for
converting between the two formats is easily written.

A.3 Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic tapes are represented as unstructured binary files of 8b data items. Each record starts with a 32b
record header, in little endian format. If the record header is not a special header, it is followed by n 8b
bytes of data, followed by a repeat of the 32b record header. A 1 in the high order bit of the record header
indicates an error in the record. If the byte count is odd, the record is padded to even length; the pad byte is
undefined.
Special record headers occur only once and have no data. The currently defined special headers are:
0x00000000
0xFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFFFFE

file mark
end of medium
erase gap

Magnetic tapes are endian independent and consistent across simulator families. A magnetic tape
produced by the Nova simulator will appear to have its 16b words byte swapped if read by the PDP-11
simulator.
SIMH can read and write E11-format magnetic tape images. E11 format differs from SIMH format only for
odd-length records; the data portion of E11 records is not padded with an extra byte.
SIMH can read TPC-format magnetic tape images. TPC format uses a 16b record header, with 0x0000
denoting file mark. The record header is not repeated at the end of the record. Odd-length records are
padded with an extra byte.
SIMH can read Pierce-format seven-track magnetic tape images. Pierce format uses only 6 data bits, and
one parity bit, in each byte. The high order bit indicates start of record. End of file is indicated by a record of
one (occasionally two) bytes consisting of code 017 (octal).

A.4 Line Printers
Line printer output is represented by an ASCII file of lines separated by the newline character. Overprinting
is represented by a line ending in return rather than newline.

A.5 DECtapes
DECtapes are structured as fixed length blocks. PDP-1/4/7/9/15 DECtapes use 578 blocks of 256 32b
words. Each 32b word contains 18b (6 lines) of data. PDP-11 DECtapes use 578 blocks of 256 16b words.
Each 16b word contains 6 lines of data, with 2b omitted. This is compatible with native PDP-11 DECtape
dump facilities, and with John Wilson's PUTR Program. PDP-8 DECtapes use 1474 blocks of 129 16b
words. Each 16b word contains 12b (4 lines) of data. PDP-8 OS/8 does not use the 129th word of each
block, and OS/8 DECtape dumps contain only 128 words per block. A utility, DTOS8CVT.C, is provided to
convert OS/8 DECtape dumps to simulator format.
A known issue in DECtape format is that when a block is recorded in one direction and read in the other, the
bits in a word are scrambled (to the complement obverse). The PDP-11 deals with this problem by
performing an automatic complement obverse on reverse writes and reads. The other systems leave this
problem to software.
The simulator represents this difference as follows. On the PDP-11, all data is represented in normal form.
Data reads and writes are not direction sensitive; read all and write all are direction sensitive. Real
DECtapes that are read forward will generate images with the correct representation of the data.
On the other systems, forward write creates data in normal form, while reverse write creates data in
complement obverse form. Forward read (and read all) performs no transformations, while reverse read
(and read all) changes data to the complement obverse. Real DECtapes that are read forward
will generate data in normal form for blocks written forward, and complement obverse data for blocks written
in reverse, corresponding to the simulator format.

Appendix 2: Debug Status
The debug status of each simulated CPU and device is as follows:
System
device
CPU
FPU
EIS/CIS
console
paper tape
card reader
line printer
clock
extra terminal
hard disk
fixed disk
floppy disk
drum
DECtape
mag tape

PDP-8 PDP-11 Nova PDP-1 18b PDP

system
device
CPU
FPU
EIS/CIS
console
paper tape
card reader
line printer
clock
extra terminal
hard disk
fixed disk
floppy disk
drum
DECtape
mag tape

1401

system
device
CPU
FPU
CIS
console
paper tape
card reader
line printer
clock
extra terminal
hard disk
fixed disk
floppy disk

GRI

y
n
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

y
h
y
y
h
y

h
h
h
h
-

y
y
h
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
2100
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
1620
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
-

y
y
y
y
y
y
y
h
y
y

y
y
y
h
h
h
-

y
h
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
h
y
h

PDP-10 H316 MicroVAX 3900
y
y
y
y
h
y
y
y
y
h
y

h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h

i16

i32

d
d
d
d
d
d
h
d
d

y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
d

y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
SDS940
d
h
h
h
n
h
h
h
-

drum
DECtape
mag tape

-

-

system
LGP-30 1130
device
CPU
h
y
FPU
CIS
console
h
y
paper tape
h
card reader
y
line printer
y
clock
extra terminal
hard disk
y
fixed disk
floppy disk
drum
DECtape
mag tape
legend:

y
d
h
n
-

=
=
=
=
=

d

y

h
h

780
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

runs operating system or sample program
runs diagnostics
runs hand-generated test cases
untested
not applicable

Revision History (covering Rev 2.0 to Rev 3.5)
Starting with Rev 2.7, detailed revision histories can be found in file sim_rev.h.
Rev 3.5, Sep, 05
- Overhauled sources for readability
- Added VAX-11/780
Rev 3.4, May, 05
- Revised memory interaction model
Rev 3.3, Nov, 04
- Added PDP-11/VAX DHQ11 support
- Added PDP-11/VAX TM02/TM03 support
- Added PDP-11 model-specific emulation support
- Added full VAX support
- Replaced SET ONLINE/OFFLINE with SET ENABLED/DISABLED
Rev 3.2, Apr, 04
- Added LGP-30/LGP-21 simulator
- Added global SHOW modifier capability
- Added global SET DEBUG modifier
- Added global SHOW DEBUG,RADIX,MODIFIERS,NAME modifiers
- Added VAX extended physical memory support (Mark Pizzolato)
- Added VAX RXV21 support
- Revised terminal multiplexer library to support variable number of lines per multiplexer
- Added PDP-15 LT19 support (1-16 terminals)
Rev 3.1, Dec, 03
- Added Alpha/VMS, FreeBSD, Mac OS/X Ethernet library support
- Added Eclipse floating point and interval timer support (from Charles Owen)
- Added PDP-1 parallel drum support
- Added PDP-8 TSC8-75 and TD8E support
- Added H316/516 DMA/DMC, magtape, fixed head disk support
- Added PDP-8, PDP-15, 32b Interdata instruction history support
Rev 3.0, May, 03
- Added logical name support
- Added instruction history support
- Added multiple tape format support
- Added 64b address support
- Added PDP-4 EAE support
- Added PDP-15 FP15 and XVM support
Rev 2.10, Nov, 02
- Added Telnet console capability, removed VT emulation
- Added DO with substitutable arguments (from Brian Knittel)
- Added .ini initialization file (from Hans Pufal)
- Added quiet mode (from Brian Knittel)
- Added ! command (from Mark Pizzolato)
- Added Telnet BREAK support (from Mark Pizzolato)
- Added device enable/disable support
- Added optional simulator hooks for input, output, commands

-

Added breakpoint actions
Added magnetic tape simulation library
Added PDP-11 KW11P programmable clock
Added PDP-11 RK611/RK06/RK07 disk
Added PDP-11/VAX TMSCP tape
Added PDP-11/VAX DELQA Ethernet support (from David Hittner)
Added PDP-11/PDP-10 RX211/RX02 floppy disk
Added PDP-11/VAX autoconfiguration support
Added PDP-10/PDP-11/VAX variable vector support
Added PDP-1 DECtape
Added PDP-1, PDP-4 Type 24 serial drum support
Added PDP-8 RX28 support
Added PDP-9 RB09 fixed head disk, LP09 line printer
Added HP2100 12845A line printer
Added HP2100 13183 magtape support
Added HP2100 boot ROM support
Added HP2100 interprocessor link support
Added IBM 1620
Added SDS 940
Added Interdata 16b and 32b systems
Added 16b DECtape file format support
Added support for statically buffered devices
Added magnetic tape end of medium support
Added 50/60Hz support to line frequency clocks
Added 7B/8B support to terminals and multiplexers
Added BREAK support to terminals and multiplexers

Rev 2.9, Jan, 02
- Added circular register arrays
- Replaced ENABLE/DISABLE with SET ENABLED/DISABLED
- Replaced LOG/NOLOG with SET LOG/NOLOG
- Generalized the timer calibration package
- Added additional routines to the multiplexer library
- Added SET DISCONNECT, SHOW STATISTICS commands to multiplexers
- Re-implemented PDP-8 TTX as a unified multiplexer
- Implemented a PC queue in most simulators
- Added VAX simulator
- Added GRI-909 simulator
- Added Peter Schorn's MITS 8080/Z80 simulator
- Added Brian Knittel's IBM 1130 simulator
- Added HP2100 DQ, DR, MS, MUX devices
- Added SET VT/NOVT commands
Rev 2.8, Dec, 01
- Added DO command
- Added general breakpoint facility
- Added extended SET/SHOW capability
- Replaced ADD/REMOVE with SET ONLINE/OFFLINE
- Added global register name recognition
- Added unit-based register arrays
- Added Charles Owen's System 3 simulator
- Added PDP-11 I/O bus map
- Added PDP-11/VAX RQDX3
- Added PDP-8 RL8A
- Revised 18b PDP interrupt structure
- Revised directory and documentation structure

-

Added support for MINGW environment

Rev 2.7, Sep, 01
- Added DZ11 (from Thord Nilson and Art Krewat) to PDP-11, PDP-10
- Added additional terminals to PDP-8
- Added TSS/8 packed character format to PDP-8
- Added sim_sock and sim_tmxr libraries
- Added sim_qcount and simulator exit detach all facilities
- Added Macintosh sim_sock support (from Peter Schorn)
- Added simulator revision level, SHOW version
- Changed int64/uint64 to t_int64/t_uint64 for Windows
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 interrupt acknowledge
- Fixed bugs in PDP-11 TS NXM check, boot code, error status; added extended characteristics
and status
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 TC stop, stop all functions
- Fixed receive interrupt while disconnected bug in DZ11
- Fixed multi-unit operation bugs, interrupt bugs in PDP-11
- RP, PDP-10 RP, PDP-10 TU
- Fixed carrier detect bug in PDP-11, PDP-10 DZ
- Fixed bug in PDP-8 reset routine
- Fixed conditional in PDP-18b CPU
- Fixed SC = 0 bug in PDP-18b EAE
- Fixed bug in PDP-7 LPT
- Upgraded Nova second terminal to use sim_tmxr
- Upgraded PDP-18b second terminal to use sim_tmxr
- Upgraded PDP-11 LTC to full KW11-L
- Removed hack multiple console support
Rev 2.6b, Aug, 01
- Added H316/516 simulator
- Added Macintosh support from Louis Chrétien, Peter Schorn, and Ben Supnik
- Added bad block table option to PDP-11 RL, RP
- Removed register in declarations
- Fixed bugs found by Peter Schorn
• endian error in PDP-10, PDP-11 RP
• space reverse error in PDP-11 TS
• symbolic input in 1401
- Fixed bug in PDP-1 RIM loader found by Derek Peschel
- Fixed bug in Nova fixed head disk
Rev 2.6a, Jun, 01
- Added PDP-9, PDP-15 API option
- Added PDP-9, PDP-15 second terminal
- Added PDP-10 option for TOPS-20 V4.1 bug fix
- Added PDP-10 FE CTRL-C option for Windows
- Added console logging
- Added multiple console support
- Added comment recognition
- Increased size of string buffers for long path names
- Fixed bug in big-endian I/O found by Dave Conroy
- Fixed DECtape reset in PDP-8, PDP-11, PDP-9/15
- Fixed RIM loader PC handling in PDP-9/15
- Fixed indirect pointers in PDP-10 paging
- Fixed SSC handling in PDP-10 TM02/TU45
- Fixed JMS to non-existent memory in PDP-8
- Fixed error handling on command file

Rev 2.6, May, 01
- Added ENABLE/DISABLE devices
- Added SHOW DEVICES
- Added examination/modification of register arrays
- Added PDP-10 simulator
- Added clock autocalibration to SCP, Nova, PDP-8, PDP-11, PDP-18b
- Added PDP-8, PDP-11, PDP-9/15 DECtape
- Added PDP-8 DF32
- Added 4k Disk Monitor boot to PDP-8 RF08 and DF32
- Added PDP-4/7 funny format loader support
- Added extension handling to the PDP-8 and -9/15 loaders
- Added PDP-11 TS11/TSV05
- Added integer interval timer to SCP
- Added filename argument to LOAD/DUMP
- Revised magnetic tape and DECtape bootstraps to rewind before first instruction
- Fixed 3 cycle data break sequence in PDP-8 RF
- Fixed 3 cycle data break sequence in 18b PDP LP, MT, RF
- Fixed CS1.TRE write, CS2.MXF,UPE write, and CS2.UAI in PDP-11 RP
- Fixed 4M memory size definition in PDP-11
- Fixed attach bug in RESTORE
- Fixed detach bug for buffered devices
- Updated copyright notices, fixed comments
Rev 2.5a, Dec, 00
- Added CMD flop to HP paper tape and line printer
- Added status input for HP paper tape punch and TTY
- Added Charles Owen's 1401 mag tape boot routine
- Added Bruce Ray's Nova plotter and second terminal modules
- Added Charles Owen's Eclipse CPU support
- Added PDP-9/PDP-15 RIM/BIN loader support
- Added PDP-9/PDP-15 extend/bank initial state registers
- Added PDP-9/PDP-15 half/full duplex support
- Moved software documentation to a separate file
- Fixed SCP handling of devices without units
- Fixed FLG, FBF initialization in many HP peripherals
- Fixed 1401 bugs found by Charles Owen
• 4, 7 char NOPs are legal
• 1 char B is chained BCE
• MCE moves whole character, not digit, after first
- Fixed Nova bugs found by Bruce Ray
• traps implemented on Nova 3 as well as Nova 4
• DIV and DIVS 0/0 set carry
• RETN sets SP from FP at outset
• IORST does not clear carry
• Nova 4 implements two undocumented instructions
- Fixed bugs in 18b PDP's
• XCT indirect address calculation
• missing index instructions in PDP-15
• bank mode handling in PDP-15
Rev 2.5, Nov, 00
- Removed Digital and Compaq from copyrights, as authorized by Compaq Sr VP Bill Strecker
- Revised save/restore format for 64b simulators
- Added examine to file

-

Added unsigned integer data types to sim_defs
Added Nova 3 and Nova 4 instructions to Nova CPU
Added HP2100
Fixed indirect loop through autoinc/dec in Nova CPU
Fixed MDV enabled test in Nova CPU

Rev 2.4, Jan, 99
- Placed all sources under X11-like open source license
- Added DUMP command, revised sim_load interface
- Added SHOW MODIFIERS command
- Revised magnetic tape format to include record error flag
- Fixed 64b problems in SCP
- Fixed big endian problem in PDP-11 bad block routine
- Fixed interrupt on error bug in PDP-11 RP/RM disks
- Fixed ROL/ROR inversion in PDP-11 symbolic routines
Rev 2.3d, Sep, 98
- Added BeOS support
- Added radix commands and switches
- Added PDP-11 CIS support
- Added RT11 V5.3 to distribution kits
- Fixed "shift 32" bugs in SCP, PDP-11 floating point
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 paper tape reader
- Fixed bug in ^D handling
Rev 2.3c, May, 98
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 DIV overflow check
- Fixed bugs in PDP-11 magnetic tape bootstrap
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 magnetic tape unit select
- Replaced UNIX V7 disk images
Rev 2.3b, May, 98
- Added switch recognition to all simulator commands
- Added RIM loader to PDP-8 paper tape reader and loader
- Added second block bootstrap to PDP-11 magnetic tape
- Fixed bug in PDP-8 RF bootstrap
- Fixed bug in PDP-11 symbolic display
- Fixed bugs in PDP-11 floating point (LDEXP, STEXP, MODf, STCfi, overflow handling)
Rev 2.3a, Nov, 97
- Added search capability
- Added bad block table command to PDP-11 disks
- Added bootstrap to PDP-11 magnetic tape
- Added additional Nova moving head disks
- Added RT-11 sample software
- Fixed bugs in PDP-11 RM/RP disks
- Fixed bugs in Nova moving head disks
- Fixed endian dependence in 18b PDP RIM loader
Rev 2.3, Mar, 97
- Added PDP-11 RP
- Added PDP-1
- Changed UNIX terminal I/O to TERMIOS
- Changed magnetic tape format to double ended
- Changed PDP-8 current page mnemonic from T to C
- Added endian independent I/O routines

-

Added precise integer data types
Fixed bug in sim_poll_kbd
Fixed bug in PDP-8 binary loader
Fixed bugs in TM11 magnetic tape
Fixed bug in RX11 bootstrap
Fixed bug in 18b PDP ADD
Fixed bug in 18b PDP paper tape reader
Fixed bug in PDP-4 console
Fixed bug in PDP-4, 7 line printer

Rev 2.2d, Dec, 96
- Added ADD/REMOVE commands
- Added unit enable/disable support to device simulators
- Added features for IBM 1401 project
- Added switch recognition for symbolic input
- Fixed bug in variable length IEXAMINE
- Fixed LCD bug in RX8E
- Initial changes for Win32
- Added IBM 1401
Rev 2.2b, Apr, 96
- Added PDP-11 dynamic memory size support
Rev 2.2a, Feb, 96
- New endian independent magnetic tape format
Rev 2.2 Jan, 96
- Added register buffers for save/restore
- Added 18b PDP's
- Guaranteed TTI, CLK times are non-zero
- Fixed breakpoint/RUN interaction bug
- Fixed magnetic tape backspace to EOF bug
- Fixed ISZ/DCA inversion in PDP-8 symbol table
- Fixed sixbit conversion in PDP-8 examine/deposit
- Fixed origin increment bug in PDP-11 binary loader
- Fixed GCC longjmp optimization bug in PDP-11 CPU
- Fixed unit number calculation bug in SCP and in Nova, PDP-11, 18b PDP moving head disks
Rev 2.1 Dec, 95
- Fixed PTR bug (setting done on EOF) in PDP-8, Nova
- Fixed RX bug (setting error on INIT if drive 1 is not attached) in PDP-8, PDP-11
- Fixed RF treatment of photocell flag in PDP-8
- Fixed autosize bug (always chose smallest disk if new file) in PDP-11, Nova
- Fixed not attached bug (reported as not attachable) in most mass storage devices
- Fixed Nova boot ROMs
- Fixed bug in RESTORE (didn't requeue if delay = 0)
- Fixed bug in RESTORE (clobbered device position)
- Declared static constant arrays as static const
- Added PDP-8, Nova magnetic tape simulators
- Added Dasher mode to Nova terminal simulator
- Added LINUX support
Rev 2.0 May, 95
- Added symbolic assembly/disassembly

Acknowledgements
SIMH would not have been possible without help from around the world. I would like to acknowledge the
help of the following people, all of whom donated their time and talent to this "computer archaeology"
project:
Bill Ackerman
Alan Bawden
Winfried Bergmann
Phil Budne
Max Burnet
Robert Alan Byer
James Carpenter
Chip Charlot
Louis Chrétien
Dave Conroy
L Peter Deutsch
Ethan Dicks
John Dundas
Jonathan Engdahl
Carl Friend
Megan Gentry
Dave Gesswein
Dick Greeley
Gordon Greene
Lynne Grettum
Franc Grootjen
Doug Gwyn
Kevin Handy
Ken Harrenstein
Bill Haygood
Wolfgang Helbig
Mark Hittinger
Dave Hittner
Sellam Ismail
Jay Jaeger
Doug Jones
Brian Knittel
Al Kossow
Arthur Krewat
Mirian Crzig Lennox
Don Lewine
Tim Litt
Tim Markson
Bill McDermith
Scott McGregor
Jeff Moffatt
Alec Muffett
Terry Newton
Thord Nilson
Charles Owen

PDP-1 consulting
ITS consulting
Linux port testing
Solaris port testing
PDP information, documentation, and software
VMS socket support and testing
LINUX port testing
PDP-11 RT-11, RSTS/E, RSX-11M legal permissions
Macintosh porting
HP 21xx documentation, PDP-10, PDP-18b debugging
PDP-1 LISP software
PDP-11 2.9 BSD debugging
PDP-11 CPU debugging, programmable clock simulator
PDP-11 device debugging
Nova and Interdata documentation, and RDOS software
PDP-11 integer debugging
PDP-8 and PDP-9.15 documentation, PDP-8 DECtape, disk, and paper-tape
images, PDP-9/15 DECtape images
PDP-8 OS/8 and PDP-10 TOPS-10/20 legal permissions
PDP-1 LISP machine readable source
PDP-11 RT-11, RSTS/E, RSX-11M legal permissions
PDP-11 2.11 BSD debugging
Portability debugging
TS11/TSV05 documentation, make file
KLH PDP-10 simulator
PDP-8 information, simulator, and software
DZ11 implementation
PDP-10 debugging
SCP debugging, DEQNA emulator and Ethernet library
GRI-909 documentation
IBM 1401 consulting
PDP-8 information, simulator, and software
IBM 1130 simulator, SCP extensions for GUI support
HP 21xx, Varian 620, TI 990, Interdata, DEC documentation and software
DZ11 changes for the PDP-10
ITS and DZ11 debugging
Nova documentation and legal permissions
PDP-10 hardware documentation and schematics, tape images, and
software sources
DZ11 debugging
HP 2100 debugging, 12565A simulator
PDP-11 UNIX legal permissions
HP 2100 information, documentation, and software
Solaris port testing
HP 21MX debugging
DZ11 implementation
Nova moving head disk debugging, Altair simulator, Eclipse simulator,
IBM System 3 simulator, IBM 1401 diagnostics, debugging, and magtape boot

Sergio Pedraja
Derek Peschel
Paul Pierce
Mark Pizzolato
Hans Pufal

MINGW environment debugging
PDP-10 debugging
IBM 1401 diagnostics, media recovery
SCP, Ethernet, and VAX simulator improvements
PDP-10 debugging, PDP-15 bootstrap, DOS-15 recovery, DOS-15 documentation,
PDP-9 restoration
Bruce Ray
Software, documentation, bug fixes, and new devices for the Nova, OS/2 porting
Craig St Clair
DEC documentation
Richard Schedler
Public repository maintenance
Peter Schorn
Macintosh porting
Stephen Schultz
PDP-11 2.11 BSD debugging
Olaf Seibert
NetBSD port testing
Brian & Barry Silverman PDP-1 simulator and software
Tim Shoppa
Nova documentation, RDOS software, PDP-10 and PDP-11 software archive,
hosting for SIMH site
Van Snyder
IBM 1401 zero footprint bootstraps
Michael Somos
PDP-1 debugging
Hans-Michael Stahl
OS/2 port testing, TERMIOS implementation
Tim Stark
TS10 PDP-10 simulator
Larry Stewart
Initial suggestion for the project
Bill Strecker
Permission to revert copyrights
Chris Suddick
PDP-11 floating point debugging
Ben Supnik
Macintosh timing routine
Bob Supnik
SIMH simulators
Ben Thomas
VMS character-by-character I/O routines
Warren Toomey
PDP-11 UNIX software
Deb Toivonen
DEC documentation
Mike Umbricht
DEC documentation, H316 documentation and schematics
Leendert Van Doorn
PDP-11 UNIX V6 debugging, TERMIOS implementation
Fred Van Kempen
Ethernet code, RK611 emulator, PDP-11 debugging, VAX/Ultrix debugging
Holger Veit
OS/2 socket support
David Waks
PDP-8 ESI-X and PDP-7 SIM8 software
Tom West
Nova documentation
Adrian Wise
H316 simulator, documentation, and software
John Wilson
PDP-11 simulator and software
Joe Young
RP debugging on Ultrix-11 and BSD
In addition, the following companies have graciously licensed their software at no cost for hobbyist use:
Data General Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation
Compaq Computer Corporation
Mentec Corporation
The Santa Cruz Operation
Caldera Corporation
Hewlett-Packard Corporation


Source Exif Data: 
File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.4
Linearized                      : No
Page Count                      : 28
Producer                        : GPL Ghostscript 8.15
Create Date                     : 2012:05:03 17:36:47
Modify Date                     : 2012:05:03 17:36:47
Title                           : Microsoft Word - simh_doc.doc
Creator                         : PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2
Author                          : bsupnik


EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools










								

							
		
		

			
Navigation menu