The Arabi Package User Guide

user_guide

User Manual:

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] ‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م ﻻﺗﺦ [ اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬X‫ﻟﺨ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬Atk‫ي — ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬CAb‫ اﻟ‬Tn‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﻲ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬r‫ﻋ‬
Typesetting Arabic and Farsi with the Arabi package
The Users Guide

‫ي‬r‫ﺑ‬A‫ﻒ اﻟﺠ‬Fw‫ﻳ‬
c Y OUSSEF J ABRI
École nationale des sciences appliquées,
Box 696, Oujda, Morocco
yjabri@ensa.univ-oujda.ac.ma
Version 1.1, December 16, 2006

Contents
List of Figures

4

List of Tables

5

Chapter 1.

Preface to Version 1.1

1.1 C‫ا‬d}‫ﻳﻢ ﻟﻺ‬dq‫ﺗ‬
Chapter 2.

10

Presentation

T‫ﻣ‬dq‫ﻣ‬

2.1.
2.2.

11
12
12

What you need to have to use Arabi
How this document is organized

Chapter 3.

The Arabic Script

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬X‫‹ اﻟﺨ‬Ay}wO‫ﺧ‬
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.

The Arabic script
The Arabic language
The Arabic alphabet
The Persian language(s) “Farsi”
The Farsi Alphabet additions

Chapter 4.

Use of the System

‫م‬A\n‫ل اﻟ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ا‬

4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.

Input encodings supported by Arabi
Declaring the right input encoding
Calling BABEL
Preparing an Input file
The document
Numbers within Arabic and Farsi texts
Breaking ligatures
Turning vowels ON/OFF
Forcing the final form of a vowelized connecting character

Chapter 5.

22
22
23
23
24
25
25
27
28
29

Bi-directional Support

‫ﻦ‬y‫ﻫ‬A‫ اﻻﺗﺠ‬CAt‫ﻒ ﺗﺨ‬y‫ﻛ‬
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.

14
14
15
15
17
18

Global formatting parameters
Sectioning commands
Displayed Material. Lists environments
More Displayed Material
Footnotes
1

30
30
31
32
36
37

2

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

Chapter 6.

Arabi Localisation

‫ﻼف‬t‫ واﺧ‬z‫ﻳ‬Am‫ﺗ‬

6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.

Arabic and Farsi captions
Arabic and Farsi dates
The Arabi abjad numeration system
Farsi mathematics
Transliteration signs and standards
Special characters

Chapter 7.

Arabi Features

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫‹ اﻟﻌ‬Ay}wO‫ﺧ‬

7.1. The fonts
7.2. Available Arabic fonts
7.3. Available Farsi fonts
7.4. How to get Outline fonts for free
7.5. Search and copy Arabi PDF files
7.6. Arabic characters in the bookmarks sidebar
7.7. Arabic and Farsi Poetry within Arabi
7.8. TEX4ht support
How to produce a HTML file from a Arabi input file
Chapter 8.

PSTricks and Arabi
shapepar and Arabi
pgf and Arabi
ArabTEX and Arabi or input encoding gymnastics
fmultico from the Farsi package
Poster and Arabi

Chapter 9.

Appendix A.

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻣ‬EC ‹A‫ﻳ‬wt‫ﻣﺤ‬

71
71
72
72
72
72
72

Final Note

‫ﻼم‬k‫ اﻟ‬r‫آﺧ‬
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.

70

Arabi package components

Main Package files
Input encoding files
Font encoding files
Specific files to access Fonts
TeX4ht support files
CMap translation files

Appendix B.

59
59
61
61
62
65
67

Arabi with XETEX

‫ي ﺗﺦ‬E ‫ﺑﻲ و‬r‫اﻟﻌ‬

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.

47
47
47
49
49
52
53
53
55
57

Some compatibility issues

‫ى‬r‫م اﻷﺧ‬Er‫ﻼم ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬F ‫ﻪ ﻓﻲ‬K‫ﻳ‬A‫ﺑﻲ وﺗﻌ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫وﻧ‬r‫ﻣ‬

8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.

39
39
39
41
43
45
45

Acknowledgment
Shortcomings, Desiderata
Arabi License
Bugs and Error Reporting

73
73
73
74
74

The Arabi system
Appendix C.

Changes

‹‫ا‬d‫ﺠ‬ts‫ﻣ‬
3.1.
3.2.

3

Version 1.1
Version 1.0

75
75
76

Bibliography

77

Index

78

List of Figures
0.1

Arabi and the calendrierfp package

9

3.1 NUTSHELL. Arabi and the parshape package I
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Sample Arabi input
Sample Arabi output
Activating, Deactivating and Reactivation vowelization again
Typing final vowelized connecting characters

6.1 How Mathematics are written in the Farsi editor
6.2 And how they should appear once typeset

21
26
27
29
29
43
44

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

Searching Arabi PDF files
Arabic characters in the Bookmarks side bar
TEX4ht and Arabi input
The file samplebook.html as shown in a web browser
The file samplebook.html with a slightly modified CSS

52
53
56
57
58

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7

PSTricks and Arabi
PSTricks and Arabi input
MOSQ DOOR. Arabi and the parshape package II
pgf and Arabi
Arabi and ArabTEX side by side
ArabTEX at work inside Arabi
Arabi and poster coding

59
60
61
63
65
66
69

4

List of Tables
3.1 The modified Farsi letters

19

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

Captions in Arabic and Farsi
Arabic and Farsi month names
Arabic abjad numerals
Farsi abjad numerals
A little example of transliteration

40
41
42
42
45

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

The three font choices for Arabic
The fonts actually available with Arabic
The fonts actually available with Farsi
The two font choices for Farsi

49
50
51
51

5

‫ﺑ‪sb‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻞ ﻟﻦ ﻳ‪ AnbþþþyO‬إﻻ ﻣ‪A‬‬
‫ﻛ‪t‬ﺐ ا‪ ü‬ﻟ‪ An‬ﻫ‪ w‬ﻣ‪wþþþþþþþ‬ﻻﻧ‪A‬‬
‫وﻋ‪ Yl‬ا‪ ü‬ﻓ‪wtyl‬ﻛﻞ اﻟ‪m‬ﺆﻣ‪wn‬ن‬

‫ﻛ‪A‬ن ﻣﻦ دﻋ‪A‬ء د ‪wFC‬ل ا‪: Q ü‬‬

‫اﻟ‪hl‬ﻢ أﻏ‪nn‬ﻲ ﺑ‪A‬ﻟﻌ‪l‬ﻢ ‪ ,‬و‪E‬ﻳ‪n‬ﻲ ﺑ‪A‬ﻟﺤ‪l‬ﻢ ‪,‬‬
‫وأﻛ‪r‬ﻣ‪n‬ﻲ ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪wqt‬ى ‪ ,‬وﺟ‪nlm‬ﻲ ﺑ‪A‬ﻟﻌ‪A‬ﻓ‪. Ty‬‬

‫أﻣ‪n‬ﻦ ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﻣﻦ ‪J‬ﺌﺖ ﺗ‪k‬ﻦ أﻣ‪ry‬ه‪,‬‬
‫وا‪tF‬ﻐﻦ ﻋ‪m‬ﻦ ‪J‬ﺌﺖ ﺗ‪k‬ﻦ ﻧ\‪ry‬ه‪,‬‬
‫واﺣ‪ –t‬إﻟ‪ Y‬ﻣﻦ ‪J‬ﺌﺖ ﺗ‪k‬ﻦ أ‪ryF‬ه!‬

‫اﻹﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ﺑﻦ أﺑﯽ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻛ‪r‬م ا‪ ü‬وﺟ‪h‬ﻪ‬

‫‪6‬‬

The Arabi system

7

Dedicated to All the people who need it.

Abstract
The Arabi package provides the Right-to-Left scripts support for TEX without
the need of any external preprocessor. The Bi-directional capability supposes
that the user has a TEX engine that knows the four primitives \beginR, \endR,
\beginL and \endL. That is the case of the TEX--XET and #-TEX engines and all
their extensions/variants like XETEX and Alpha1. Arabi is fully compliant with
the BABEL system and hence a standard switching mechanism to chose the
supported languages. We intend to add some important multilingual typesetting capabilities not yet supported by BABEL. It comes with many GNU Arabic
and Farsi good quality fonts and may of course also use the Arabic fonts of
commercial manufacturers. A limited support is already provided to use some
widely used Arabic and Farsi fonts that come with such systems. The package
is distributed under the LATEX Project Public License (LPPL), and has the LPPL
maintenance status “author-maintained.” It can be used freely (including commercially) to produce beautiful texts that mix Arabic, Farsi and Latin (or other
type) characters.
You can simply type the text you want in 8-bit what you see is what you get
text in many input encodings (actually, CP 1256, ISO 8859-6 and Unicode UTF8 are supported) It can also typeset classical Arabic poetry, and has a limited,
but still useful, capability of vocalizing. It is LATEX 2# and BABEL compliant!
It has even an experimental module of transliteration!

1A abi has not been tested with Alpha yet.

r

‫ﺑ‪s‬ﻢ ا‪ ü‬اﻟ‪r‬ﺣ‪m‬ﻦ اﻟ‪r‬ﺣ‪y‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‪dq‬ﻳﻢ ﻣ‪Stq‬ﺐ ﻟ‪Er‬ﻣ‪[ T‬اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ]‬
‫‪EC‬ﻣ‪ T‬اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ ﻧ\‪A‬م ﻳ‪yt‬ﺢ إﻣ‪Ak‬ﻧ‪ Ty‬ا‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل اﻟﺤ‪r‬وف اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑ‪ Ty‬واﻟﻼﺗ‪ Tyny‬ﺟ‪ ًAbn‬إﻟ‪ Y‬ﺟ‪n‬ﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣ‪ dnts‬واﺣ‪d‬‬
‫ﺑ‪tFA‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل ﻧ\‪A‬م < ﺗ‪y‬ﺦ > ‪ TEX‬ﻟ‪yfOt‬ﻒ اﻟﺤ‪r‬وف اﻟ@ي اﺑ‪rkt‬ه اﻷ‪ < ÐAtF‬دوﻧ‪A‬ﻟ‪ d‬ﻛ‪ > „wn‬ﻣﻦ ﺟ‪A‬ﻣﻌ‪AtF T‬ﻧ‪Cwf‬د‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗ‪yfO‬ﻒ اﻟ‪dntsm‬ا‹ اﻟﻌ‪( Tyml‬ﻛ‪A‬ﻟ‪t‬ﻲ ﺗﺤ‪wt‬ي ﻋ‪ Yl‬اﻟ‪r‬ﻳ‪ ‹AyRA‬واﻟ‪zyf‬ﻳ‪A‬ء واﻟ‪Aymyk‬ء‪ ,‬ﻋ‪ybF Yl‬ﻞ اﻟ‪A“m‬ل ﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺤ‪ )rO‬وو‪aR‬ﻌ‪a‬ﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗ‪rO‬ف اﻟ‪m‬ﺠ‪mt‬ﻊ اﻟﻌ‪ml‬ﻲ دون ﻣ‪Aq‬ﺑﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪EC‬ﻣ‪ T‬اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ ﻣ‪As‬ﻫ‪ Tm‬ﻣ‪wt‬ا‪R‬ﻌ‪ T‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إ‪AR‬ﻓ‪ T‬إﻣ‪Ak‬ﻧ‪ Ty‬ا‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل اﻟ‪l‬ﻐ‪yt‬ﻦ (ﻋ‪r‬ﺑﻲ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ) ﻣﻊ ﻧ\‪A‬م‬
‫ﺗ‪y‬ﺦ ﻻ‪tF‬ﻐﻼل ﻛﻞ ﻣ‪ A‬ﻳﺤ‪wt‬ﻳﻪ ﻫ@ا اﻟﻌ‪A‬ﻟ‪a‬ﻢ اﻟ‪z‬اﺧ‪ r‬ﻣﻦ إﻣ‪Ak‬ﻧ‪ ‹Ay‬ﻓﻲ ﺗ‪yfO‬ﻒ اﻟ‪ ,QwOn‬واﻟ‪t‬ﻲ ﺟﻌ‪l‬ﺖ ﻣ‪n‬ﻪ اﺧ‪CAyt‬‬
‫اﻟ‪m‬ﺆ‪ ‹AsF‬واﻟ‪yh‬ﺌ‪ ‹A‬اﻟﻌ‪A‬ﻟ‪ Tym‬اﻟ‪t‬ﻲ ﺗ‪wq‬م ﺑ‪ rKn‬اﻟ‪b‬ﺤ‪ „w‬اﻟﻌ‪ Tyml‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ‪A‬ﻟﻢ ﺑﺄ‪rF‬ه ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣ‪ @n‬اﻟ‪db‬اﻳ‪ , T‬ﻓ‪@h‬ا اﻟ‪A\n‬م ﻳ‪ zymt‬ﺑ‪wk‬ﻧﻪ ﻣﺤ‪wm‬ﻻ وﻳ‪tmt‬ﻊ ﺑ‪ Cdq‬ﻛ‪ ryb‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪rm‬وﻧ‪ , T‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗ‪A‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻼ‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌ\ﻢ ﻣ‪ A‬ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠ‪EA‬ه ﻣﻦ إ‪AR‬ﻓ‪ ‹A‬وﺑ‪r‬اﻣ– ﻣ‪As‬ﻋ‪d‬ة وﻣ‪ A‬أﻛ“‪r‬ﻫ‪ ! A‬إ‪AR‬ﻓ‪ T‬إﻟ‪ Y‬أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤ‪ —At‬إﻟ‪ Y‬أي ﻣﻌ‪A‬ﻟ– ﺧ‪CA‬ﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻟ‪t‬ﺤ‪d‬ﻳ‪ d‬أ‪AkJ‬ل اﻟﺤ‪r‬وف ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪. Tmlk‬‬
‫ﻳ‪Âdq‬م‪ Â‬اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ ﺣ‪A‬ﻟ‪ ًAy‬ﻣ‪O‬ﺤ‪w‬ﺑ‪ ًA‬ﺑ‪m‬ﺠ‪wm‬ﻋ‪E T‬اﺧ‪r‬ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨ‪wW‬ط اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑ‪ Ty‬واﻟ‪ , TyFCAf‬ﺣ‪r‬ة اﻻ‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل ﻛ‪ Am‬ﻳ‪nkm‬ﻪ‬
‫ا‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل ﻋ‪d‬د ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨ‪wW‬ط اﻟ‪t‬ﻲ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻧ\‪A‬م وﻳ‪dn‬و‪ E‬ﻣ“ﻼً ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ‪ Am‬ﻫ‪ w‬اﻟﺤ‪A‬ل ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪ Tbsn‬ﻟ‪A\n‬م ﺗ‪y‬ﺦ ‪ ,‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ ﻣﺠ‪A‬ﻧﻲ وﻻ ﻳ‪lk‬ﻒ ﻣ‪atsu‬ﻌ‪lim‬ﻪ إﻻ ﻋ‪An‬ء اﻻ‪tF‬ﻌ‪Am‬ل ‪,‬‬

‫وا‪ ü‬اﻟ‪tsm‬ﻌ‪A‬ن‬

‫‪8‬‬

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‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻨﻴ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
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‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
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‫ﺍ ﺪ‬
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‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
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‫ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪Figure 0.1: Arabi and the calendrierfp package‬‬

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‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛ‬
‫ﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺀ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻷﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺨﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺭ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻹﺛ ﻨ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻌ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺍﺑ‬
‫ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻞ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪07‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

CHAPTER 1

Preface to Version 1.1

1.1 C‫ا‬d}‫ﻳﻢ ﻟﻺ‬dq‫ﺗ‬
In this version of Arabi, we introduce some new features and corrections to version 1.0.
Actually, Arabi is a part of the MikTEX and BakomaTEX distributions, we could only test the
version that comes with MikTEX which is free, BakomaTEX is a shareware.
Among the new things with this version we may mention among other things the possibility to search and copy PDF files created with this version of Arabi when you use the pdftex
engine. This works quite well. This led us to rewrite the Arabi documentation to remove all direct
use of PSTricks and replace it with pgf. We were nicely surprised that Arabi is totally compatible
with pgf as we didn’t get any problem. So, with this version you can search and copy Arabic
and Farsi texts from the Arabi documentation. This works with any font that is used with Arabi.
The CMap translations files we created to support the cmap package.
An other new feature, still experimental but which seems to work too but we did not test a
lot since it’s rather new is the possibility to get HTML files from Arabi input files using the TEX4ht
program.
It’s possible to get Arabic characters in PDF files bookmarks in a Latin document that uses
Arabic (and Farsi of course). Just get a look at this document bookmarks! Hyperref is not yet
supported, we get some problems when the main direction of the text is Right-to-Left. This has
to do possibly with the way we handle \everypar, and the table of contents.
There are also some changes in the way to call Arabic, Farsi and especially Latin small texts
insertions in a paragraph where the opposite direction dominates. For example, the command
\L is already defined to get the Polish character Ł. So Polish people and those who write Polish
would not be able to use the Arabi, as we were told in the TUG 2006 conference.
For a quick look at some of the changes and additions brought by this version, especially
for users who read already the versions 1.0 documentation, you may skip reading the entire
documentation and get a look at Appendix C entitles Changes on page 75. Nevertheless, for the
details of the changes and the new features, it is still necessary to read this guide.
Happy Arabi TEXing!!

10

CHAPTER 2

Presentation

T‫ﻣ‬dq‫ﻣ‬
Yl‫ ﻋ‬Qr‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳﺤ‬, ‫ﺊ‬W‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ﻳﺨ‬, ‫ﺐ‬l‫ﻞ ﻳﻐ‬h‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳﺠ‬, ‫ﻢ‬ls‫ﺖ ﻳ‬mO‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳ‬, ‫ﺣﻢ‬r‫ﺣﻢ ﻳ‬r‫ﻣﻦ ﻳ‬
, ‫ﻢ‬O‫ ﻳﻌ‬rK‫ه اﻟ‬rk‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻢ ﻳﺄ›ﻢ‬tK‫ه اﻟ‬rk‫ وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻢ‬tK‫اء ﻳ‬rm‫ع اﻟ‬d‫ وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻢ‬ls‫ ﻻ ﻳ‬rK‫اﻟ‬
, rqtf‫ ﻳ‬ü‫ﺄل ا‬s‫ وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻊ‬nmt‫ ﻳ‬ü‫ ا‬Y‫ﻟ‬wt‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳ‬, ‫ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ‬ü‫ ا‬C@‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳﺤ‬, ^f‫ ﻳﺤ‬ü‫ ا‬Ty}‫ﻊ و‬bt‫وﻣﻦ ﻳ‬
. rf\‫ﻪ ﻳ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻌﻦ ﺑ‬ts‫ وﻣﻦ ﻳ‬, ‫ ﻳﺨ@ل‬ü‫ﻦ ﻣﻊ ا‬k‫وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳ‬
This document descries the Arabi System version 1.1, ‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م ﻻﺗﺦ اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬1, an author-maintained
LPPL package for LATEX 2# that provides full support of Arabic ‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ ﻋ‬and Farsi ‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬for Johannes

Braams BABEL system. It typesets Arabic text2 in addition to all what can TEX and LATEX do.
In the sequel the word Arabic may be used to refer to both Arabic and Farsi.
The distinction would be made only if something specific to one the two “languages” should be mentioned.

Our system does not need/use any preprocessor, and is certainly compatible with most
available packages because we tried to shorten TEX coding to deal with the specific stuff of the
Arabic script as much as we could to avoid eventual conflicts. We tried to encapsulate all the
system intelligence (we are essentially meaning contextual analysis to detect shapes of characters3) in the fonts. While we rely on the \beginR and \endR primitives for the bi-directional
support, to write from Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right. Thus, at the end, the necessary TEX code
needed is similar to that of any Latin system for TEX and is dealt with as such by the TEX engine.
An other important advantage of our system is that in fact it’s also compatible with all other
formats, like plain TEX and ConTEXt for example. You may get a look at the two sample files
provided, using plain and ConTEXt. This happens easily just because the whole contextual analysis is done in the fonts! But since, for the moment at least, we use the LATEX format, we felt that
we should prepare our system for use with LATEX.
One nice development would be the writing of the necessary macros for its use with the
ConTEXt format!
1The name T X as all T X users know come from tec, the first three letters of the Greek word whose equivalent in
E
E
English is Technology. The sound equivalent to the Greek c is exactly the sound of the letter hā- ‫ء‬A‫ ﺧ‬in Arabic.
2With opposition to the Arabic language, our system should be able to typeset any language that uses the Arabic
script and some other scripts written from Right-to-Left. Support of the Farsi language is provided since version 1.0.
Some other languages using the Arabic script should also be implemented.
3As explained farther, Arabic (and Farsi, of course) characters’ shapes vary according to the context, in particular
their forms vary according to their positions in a word. In general, in many earlier tentatives, an external preprocessor
was used to do the contextual analysis and compute all the needed ligatures before feeding TEX with the result.

11

12

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
2.1. What you need to have to use Arabi
In order to use Arabi within TEX and/or LATEX,
1. You have to use a TEX program with Right-to-Left capabilities. That is an “engine” that
knows the primitives \beginL, \endL, \beginR and \endR. In this category we do get
programs like TEX--XET, #-TEX (#-LATEX).
For example, we cite among the possible ones:
 teTEX for UNIX/Linux comes with #-TEX,
 NTEX for UNIX with TEX--XET,
 Web2C for Windows, this is even the default TEX program in MikTEX,
 DirectTEX for Older Mac OS systems has TEX--XET built-in,
 XETEX (Mac OS X, Linux and Windows), is an extended #-TEX system. This one is
particularly interesting, see below Chapter 8.6 in preparation for the details!
 TEX Live CD-ROMs distributed by the TEX Users Group (TUG).
2. You should also have BABEL, this is certainly the case if your distribution is not too
much old. Otherwise you will have to download it from some CTAN4. We think that
we have for the moment a system running with enough Right-to-Left text formatting
capabilities to be used quite efficiently. We did not want to loose time rewriting a code
that exists and is used widely.
2.2. How this document is organized

In the next chapter, we recall succinctly some Arabic script specificities. We focus our attention especially on what may affect its typesetting with TEX. In Chapter 3, we describe the way
our system should be used. The input description and basic commands to get the Arabic script,
vowelized or not, are given with some examples. In Chapter 4, we describe the bi-directional
sectioning commands of Arabi. We also show how appear the different lists environments and
footnotes in an Arabic context. In Chapter 5, we describe some Arabic features available with
this version 1.1 of Arabi, like the different fonts distributed with the system that can be used from
now on. The experimental transliteration module and some important packages that cooperate
fully with Arabi without any problem!

4At the time of writing this documentation, we use babel.sty version 3.8a of 2004/19/02.

The Arabi system

13

! An‫ ﺑ‬Ay‫ﻫ‬

CHAPTER 3

The Arabic Script

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬X‫‹ اﻟﺨ‬Ay}wO‫ﺧ‬
: ‫ﻢ‬y‫اﻫ‬r‫ﻓ^ إﺑ‬A‫ل ﺣ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻲ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺗ‬Ay‫ﺖ ﺣ‬bst‫ﺣ‬A‫ﻣﻲ ﻓ‬w‫دﻳﺖ ﻗ‬A‫وﻧ‬

‫ﻲ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺗ‬AO‫ﺖ ﺣ‬mh‫ﺗ‬A‫ﻲ ﻓ‬sfn‫ﺟﻌﺖ ﻟ‬C

‫ﻲ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫اﺗ‬d‫ل ﻋ‬wq‫ع ﻟ‬z‫ﻢ أﺟ‬l‫ ﻓ‬,‫ﺖ‬mq‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻲ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþnty‫ب وﻟ‬AbK‫ﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬q‫ﻧﻲ ﺑﻌ‬w‫ﻣ‬C

‫ﻲ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺗ‬A‫ﻓ‬d} ‫ ﻋﻦ‬Q‫ا‬w‫ا اﻟﻐ‬w‫ﺄﻟ‬F ‫ﻞ‬h‫ﻓ‬

‫ﻦ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻣ‬A‫ ﻛ‬Cd‫ﺋﻪ اﻟ‬AK‫ ﻓﻲ أﺣ‬r‫ﺤ‬b‫ اﻟ‬A‫أﻧ‬

The name of this package should not be misunderstood. It is not designed to support the
only Arabic language, but all languages that use the Arabic script. Technically speaking, for
BABEL, they will all be considered as dialects of Arabic.
3.1. The Arabic script
The Arabic script is one of the most used scripts on earth. This is the case also for Latin and
Chinese. It dominates in the Arabic countries, but has a special place for all Muslims because
it’s the script used to write the Koran, the holy book of Muslims.
The Arabic script, like all other Semitic languages, is written from Right-to-Left.
It evolved from the Nabataean Aramaic script. It has been used since the 4th century AD, but
the earliest document, an inscription in Arabic, Syriac and Greek, dates from 512 AD. During
the 7th century, dots were added to existing letters that shared the same glyphs in order to
avoid ambiguities. Further diacritics indicating short vowels were introduced later, but they are
generally used only in some particular documents as we will see later.
Many languages are written with, or used to be written with the Arabic script. This includes:
Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Azeri, Baluchi, Berber, Bashkir, Belarussian, Bosnian, Chaghatai,
Chechen, Comorian, Fulani, Hausa, Kashmiri, Kazakh, Kurdish, Kyrghyz, Malay, Mandinka,
Morisco, Mozarabic, Nubian, Pashto, Persian/Farsi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Somali, Songhay,
Swahili, Tamazight, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek and Wolof.
One important specificity of the Arabic script is that no hyphenation is needed or allowed at
all. In very old Arabic documents the words could be splitted after a non connecting character
while characters that connect never get splitted. In modern Arabic script hyphenation is forbidden completely. That makes it more difficult to get justification when long words occur at the
end of a line but the Arabic is cursive and has (in modern fonts to mimic the hand writing) a
special character called keshida (keshideh or tatweel a Farsi word that means stretch) that may be
used between joining characters to make the word become longer makes it easier hence justifies
14

The Arabi system

15

the lines with keshidas and not spaces as in Latin texts. An example is the following same word
‫ل‬A“‫ ﻣ‬that may occupy longer ‫ل‬Aþ“‫ ﻣ‬and longer ‫ل‬Aþ“þ‫ ﻣ‬and much more longer ‫ل‬Aþþþ“þ‫ ﻣ‬spaces. So at the
end, the good news are that no hyphenation patterns are needed for all languages that use the
Arabic script.
3.2. The Arabic language
Arabic is a Semitic language with much more than 200 million speakers in Algeria, Bahrain,
Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United
Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen among other countries.
The Arabic script is particularly suited to the Arabic language. It is constituted in its basic
form by 28 consonants (29 if we count the hamza), and 6 vowels:

 3 short vowels (Vowel diacritics) fatha, damma and kasra

þþþiþþþþþuþþþþaþ that are written like the

accents in the Latin script. The first two vowels (from the right) appear above letters
while the third one is put below letters.
 and three long vowels represented by the three Arabic consonants alif, waw and y āa

‫يوا‬
The short vowels are written like accents in the Latin script, above or under consonants.
They are in general used only in religious books or in specialized books that treat of Arabic
grammar or eventually for beginners who are learning Arabic. Sometimes the diacritics are
used for decorative purposes in book titles, letterheads, nameplates, etc.
Being an abjad, the expression “Arabic alphabet” is often used to mean Arabic consonants.
3.3. The Arabic alphabet
The main two problems1 faced when trying to typeset the Arabic script with computers and
in particular with TEX are:
1. Like all other Semitic languages, the Arabic script is written from Right-to-Left. This is
solved in TEX by using an engine that is able to typeset from Right-to-Left and from
Left-to-Right like #-TEX or TEX--XET.
2. In Arabic, letters forms (understand glyphs) depend on their position in the word and
on the adjacent characters. We must be able to do a contextual analysis to determine the
right shape of the character before calling the right glyph that represents it. This was
done before either using a preprocessor written in some programming language like C,
for example, or even using TEX itself as within the ArabTEX system of K. Lagally.
For example, the 4 different forms (4 different glyphs for the same character) depending on its position in a word (initial, medial, final and isolated) for the following two
1They are inherent to the Arabic script!

16

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
characters look like:

isolated initial medial final

‫ب‬
—

‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺟ‬

b
‫ﺠ‬

‫ﺐ‬
–

Thus, a three letter word, for example, will start with a letter in initial form, followed
by a letter in medial form and, finally, by a letter in final form like:

‫ﺐ‬t‫ﻛ‬
instead of

‫ك‹ب‬
But the reality is even worse since even in the middle of a word, a character may
have the final or the initial form like in:

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ﻋ‬
because some characters do not connect to any character that comes after. They have
only two forms (isolated (which is also used as initial) and final (also used as middle))!
The contextual rules of the Arabic script are independent of the language, font and
style and have no exception!
In addition to the contextual ligatures, just seen above, there are some linguistic ligatures that
are mandatory in Arabic like the l āmali f :
we write

‫ﻻ‬

and never

A‫ﻟ‬

for

‫لا‬

or the second part of the word āll āh ü‫ا‬

we write

ü‫ا‬

and never

‫ﻪ‬l‫اﻟ‬

for

‫الله‬

The word Allah ü‫ ا‬for God.
There is also a huge number of optional aesthetic ligatures that increase the number of
possible glyphs for Arabic (that contains less than 30 characters) to more than 1000 glyphs for
the naskhi font for example. This is the standard font used since the beginning of the 20th century
in published Arabic literature and in journals!
For the actual version of Arabi, we do not support aesthetic ligatures just because the fonts
that can be used with TEX should not exceed 256 characters. Otherwise, even for this version,
we would get all the possible glyphs that exist in the Postscript or True type fonts used. Nevertheless, in future versions, a limited number of such ligatures will be added for the fonts that
contain such glyphs.

The Arabi system

17
3.4. The Persian language(s) “Farsi”

Persian is an Indo-European language, spoken in Iran and several neighboring countries
(Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain). Prior to British colonization, Persian was
also widely used as a second language in the Indian subcontinent; it took prominence as the
language of culture and education in several Muslim courts in the subcontinent throughout
the Middle Ages and became the official court language under the Mughol emperors. The three
major variations of the Persian language are Dari, the official language of Afghanistan, Farsi the
official language of Iran, and Tajik the official language of Tajikistan. In the Persian language
itself, the name of the language is Farsi. It counts about 61–71 million native speakers, and
around 110 million in total.
After the conversion to Islam, it took approximately one hundred fifty years to adopt the
Arabic alphabet as a replacement for the older alphabet. Previously, two different alphabets
were used for the Persian language: one was also called Pahlavi and was a modified version of
the Aramaic alphabet, and the other was a native Iranian alphabet called Dîndapirak.
However, the script used actually is borrowed from Arabic. The adaptation propagated to
Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, China, Malaysia, and Java. The Arabic alphabet was extended
even more, each language adding letters and making modifications as needed: from 29 Arabic
letters to more than 140 letters (141 in the Unicode Standard Version 3.0) in modern use.
Farsi is equivalent in many heads to a Nastaliq font ‫ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ‬, that was invented in 15th
century, and few more characters than the usual Arabic alphabet. In fact Farsi’s typography is
much more. See the next section for some details. We give now an example of a Farsi text for
illustration and testing only (This the first part of the The Hunter-Student, a story from
‫)دﻣﻨﻪ‬.

‫ﻛﻠﯿﻠﻪ و‬

(It is a text we found on the net, from Persian studies web site of Texas University, the author
does not speak or understand Farsi!).

‫ از ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﯿﻠﻪ و دﻣﻨﻪ‬، ‫ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز‬
‫ در زﻣﺎن ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﯾﻚ ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از روزﻫﺎ در ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺒﻚﻫﺎ و ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎی ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ را‬.‫روزی ﺑﻮد و روزﮔﺎری ﺑﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﯽﻛﺮد و ﺑﻌﺾ روزﻫﺎ در ﻛﻨﺎر درﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺻﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﻛﺮد و ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻛﺎر زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮد و زن و ﺑﭽﻪاش را روﺑﻪراه ﻣﯽﻛﺮد‬
‫ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺗﻮر‬،‫ﯾﻚ روز اﯾﻦ آﻗﺎی ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪای از ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﻨﺎر ﯾﻚ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻗﺪری ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ارزن ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪه ﺑﻮد و دام‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺷﻜﺎر را روی آن آﻣﺎده ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮد و ﺧﻮدش ﺳﺮ ﻧﺦ آن را ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد و در ﭘﺸﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد – ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮل‬
.‫ﻣﻌﺮوف در ﻛﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد – و ﻣﻨﺘ[ﺮ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻧﺰدﯾﻜﯽ ﻣﯽﭼﺮﯾﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ دام او ﺑﯿﻔﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎن ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ از ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻮد ﺻﺪای داد و‬،‫ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘ[ﺎر زﯾﺎد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ از ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دام ﻧﺰدﯾﻚ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ از ﺗﺮس اﯾﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ رم‬.‫ﻓﺮﯾﺎد دو ﻧﻔﺮ را ﺷﻨﯿﺪ ﻛﻪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺰدﯾﻚ ﻣﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪای ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﻣﯽﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺾ رﺿﺎی ﺧﺪا در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ داد و ﻓﺮﯾﺎد ﻧﻜﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ آﻗﺎﯾﺎن‬:‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ دام ﻧﯿﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻓﻮری ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ آن دو ﻧﻔﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﯿﺪ و ﮔﻔﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺮغﻫﺎی ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ و ﻓﺮار ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫آن دو ﻧﻔﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ داﻧﺶﺟﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﺪرﺳﻪﻫﺎی ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺴﯽ ﻛﺎری ﻧﺪارﯾﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫دارﯾﻢ در ﯾﻚ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪای ﻛﻪ در آن اﺧﺘﻼف دارﯾﻢ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ ﻣﯽﻛﻨﯿﻢ و اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺧﺪاﺳﺖ و ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺣﺮف زدن‬
‫آزاد اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ؟ ﻛﺴﯽ ﻧﺨﻮاﺑﯿﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﺷﻮد ﯾﺎ آدام ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﺑﺴﺘﺮی ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ ﺑﺸﻮد!‬
‫ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ دام ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪام و ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮم و اﯾﻦﻫﺎ از ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪای ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﺮﺳﻨﺪ و‬

‫ﻓﺮار ﻣﯽﻛﻨﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ اﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ دام ﺑﯿﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﻮاب دادﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮ ﻣﯽﮔﻮﺋﯽ ﻣﺎ از ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮدﻣﺎن دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ دارﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮدت ﺑﺮﺳﯽ؟ در اﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت اﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﯽ دو ﺗﺎ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﯾﻢ و ﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮدش ﺑﺮﺳﺪ و اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺟﺎی درس‬

‫ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ﻣﺎ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺮوی ﺑﺴﺎط ﺧﻮد را ﺟﺎی دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻛﻨﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎد ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬آﻗﺎﯾﺎن ﻋﺰﯾﺰ‪ ،‬آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ آدم ﻛﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ و ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﺎنﺧﻮر دارم و ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮوش اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮغﻫﺎ‬
‫زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻛﻨﻢ و از ﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ اﻧﺘ[ﺎر ﻛﺸﯿﺪهام ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ آﻣﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻧﺰدﯾﻚ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﭼﺮﻧﺪ و ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ دام ﺑﯿﻔﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫و اﮔﺮ دو ﺗﺎ را ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺒﺮﯾﺪ و ﯾﻜﯽ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎن ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫آن دو ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﻮاب دادﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮ ﻫﺮ روز اﯾﻦ ﻛﺎر را ﻣﯽﻛﻨﯽ و ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪتﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻜﺎر ﻧﺨﻮردهاﯾﻢ و ﭼﻮن ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ؟ ﻣﺎ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻔﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ اﻣﺮوز ﺑﻪ دوﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮد در ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺪﻫﯿﻢ و ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎی اﻣﺮوز‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎد ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬آﺧﺮ ای ﺧﻮشاﻧﺼﺎفﻫﺎ‪ ،‬اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮان ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎل ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﯾﻦ دام را ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺎﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬زن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ وﻗﻒ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﯿﭻ ﺣﻘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدن ﻣﻦ ﻧﺪارﯾﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﭼﺮا ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﯿﺪ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ ﺑﺸﻮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﯽ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻛﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮش آنﻫﺎ ﻧﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺮﻓﺖ و ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻛﻨﯽ ﻛﻪ دو ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﺷﻮﯾﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮدﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﻣﯽﺷﻮﯾﻢ و اﮔﺮ ﻣﺮغﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﯾﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺗﻮ ﻫﻢ ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺪاری ﺑﺮای درس ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺎ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ ﺑﺸﻮی‪. . . .‬‬
‫‪3.5. The Farsi Alphabet additions‬‬
‫‪The Persian alphabet shares with the Arabic alphabet most of its letters. There are four extra‬‬
‫‪letters that are not used in traditional Arabic.‬‬

‫‪,‬پ‬
‫‪,‬چ‬

‫‪ U+0686 Tcheh‬‬

‫‪,‬ژ‬
‫گ‬

‫‪ U+067E Peh‬‬
‫‪ U+0698 Jeh‬‬

‫‪ and U+06AF Gaf‬‬

The Arabi system

19

While two letters have modified forms in final and isolated position as you can see in the
table 3.1 on page 19:

 U+064A Arabic Letter Kaf (Arabic Kaf)

‫ك‬

 U+06CC Arabic Letter Keheh (Persian Kaf)
Keheh is the Sindhi name.
 U+064A Arabic Letter Yeh (Arabic Yeh)

‫ك‬

‫ي‬

 U+06CC Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh (Persian Yeh)
Character
Name
Arabic Kaf
Persian Kaf
Arabic Yeh
Persian Yeh

Isolated
form

Final
form

‫ك‬
‫ك‬
‫ي‬
‫ی‬

‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﯽ‬

‫ی‬
Medial Initial
form
form

k
‫ﻜ‬
y
‫ﯿ‬

‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﯾ‬

Table 3.1: The modified Farsi letters
We call them \farsikaf and \kaf. The \y is used for both forms of the letter Yeh, while
the font encoding LAE, used with Arabic, points to the Arabic Yeh and the font encoding LFE,
used with Farsi, points to the Farsi Yeh. This is just to allow the use of CP 1256 that does not
contain a Farsi Yeh. Nevertheless, since the user is supposed to work in 8-bit and rarely has to
type letter names as control sequences, there should be no problem. Remark that the final and
isolated form of the Farsi Yeh is identical to the Arabic Alef Maqsura ‫ ى‬but Farsi does not use
the character Alef Maqsura. It has no Taa Marbutah ‫ ة‬neither!
The letter U+06C0 Heh with Yeh Above, which is in fact represented as Heh with hamza above,
that does not exist in Arabic is not yet implemented. It does not appear in CP 1256 or in ISO
8859-6 code pages neither!
Farsi uses also two other special characters Arabic does not use. First, ZWNJ (U+200C Zero
Width Non-Joiner) which seems to be widely used in Farsi to prevent joining without adding a

space. Think of the \bibname ‫ﻛﺘﺎبﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬. This can be obtained in Arabi also by typing a star \ZWNJ
between the characters or you just type the ZWNJ on your Farsi keyboard.

The second one is ZWJ (U+200D Zero Width Joiner), to force a character to join when it normally would not seems to be used occasionally only. You can also do this in Arabi by typing
\noboundary or you just type it on your Farsi keyboard. The examples in § 4.7 on the use
\noboundary on page 27 may help you too.
For the numbers in Farsi, go to section § 4.6.
The hamza and its different forms. Although the form of the hamza can be explicitly known
from the vowel of the character preceding the hamza carrier and the vowel of the hamza carrier
itself.
We rely on the fact that the user should type the character he needs and the program has
not to guess each form the hamza will have. This is the way Arabic is written on usual visual

20

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

systems and the case for existing 8-bit Arabic texts. All the possible forms
exist on the keyboard.

‫ ء‬, ‫ ئ‬, ‫ ؤ‬, ‫ أ‬and ‫إ‬

How Arabic and Farsi poetry is typeset. The (classical) poetry, in both Arabic and Farsi,
is formatted in two “parallel” verses that begin and end at the same positions. When verses are
too short, they are written closer to the (vertical) center of the page like in the example:

; ‫ﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ‬mF ‫ إن‬, ‫ﺄل‬f‫ﺣﻦ ﺑ‬rf‫ﻻ ﺗ‬
‫ي‬r‫ﻌ‬m‫ اﻟﻌﻼء اﻟ‬wþ‫أﺑ‬
Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ﺐ ﻧﻌ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻋ‬A‫ ﻧ‬A‫ا ﻣ‬Ð‫ إ‬, rþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþyW‫وﻻ ﺗ‬

‫ﻪ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺖ ﺑ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻌ‬mF ‫ إن‬, ‫ﺄل‬þþþþþþþþþþþþf‫ﻦ ﺑ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺣ‬rf‫ﻻ ﺗ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ﻋ‬r‫ اﻟ‬rþþþþþþþþþþþmS‫ﻦ أن ﺗ‬þþþþþþþþþþþ‫ ﻣ‬rþþþþþþþþþþþs‫ أﻳ‬r‫واﻷﻣ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþhl‫اء ﺗﺄﻣ‬rF ‫ﻦ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻊ ﻣ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþ\‫ﺐ أﻓ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþW‫ﻟﺨ‬A‫ﻓ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ }ﻌ‬A‫ن ﻣ‬A‫ ﻫ‬, ‫ﺢ‬y‫ﻞ }ﺤ‬q‫د ﻋ‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþs‫ﻓ‬

‫ﻪ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺟ‬EAm‫ ﻻ ﻳ‬, ‫ا‬rþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþk‫‹ ﻓ‬rkf‫ا ﺗ‬Ð‫إ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ ﻟﻌ‬A‫ﻫ‬d‫ ﺟ‬YmF‫ و‬, ‹wþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþm‫ ﺗ‬Yt‫ﺣ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþh‫ﺗ‬rt‫ ﻓ‬Hfn‫ اﻟ‬YW‫ﺢ أﻋ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ} ‫ﺐ إن‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻓ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ﺖ ﻟﻌ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþhbJ‫ أ‬, ‫ﺖ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻻ‹ وﻗ‬Ay‫إﻻ ﺧ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþhb‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻼﻋ‬, ‫ادي‬wþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫اﻧﻲ اﻟﻐ‬wþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ اﻟﻐ‬A‫وﻣ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ا ﺗﻌ‬r‫ﻓ‬A‫اد‹ ﺣ‬E‫ و‬, ‫اب‬rþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþt‫ اﻟ‬Y‫إﻟ‬

‫ﻪ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþl‫ﻣ‬A‫ﻢ ﺣ‬s‫ﺖ ﺟ‬n‫ﻢ ﻋ‬s‫دة اﻟﺠ‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻳ‬E

Our choice for the Farsi poetry, that will close this chapter, goes to one of the prestigious
poets of all times. A few verses of Hafez ‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬inscribed on his tomb in Shiraz ‫ﺷﯿﺮاز‬, the Hafeziyye:

‫ﻏﺰال‬
^þþ‫ﻓ‬A‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻃﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﺪﺳﻢ و از دام ﺟﻬـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﻣﮋده وﺻﻞ ﺗﻮ ﻛﻮ ﻛﺰ ﺳﺮ ﺟـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫از ﺳﺮ ﺧﻮاﺟﮕﯽ ﻛﻮن و ﻣﻜــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﺑﻪ وﻻی ﺗﻮ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮ ﺑﻨﺪه ﺧــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻮﯾﺸﻢ ﺧﻮاﻧﯽ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺶﺗﺮ زان ﻛﻪ ﭼﻮ ﮔﺮدی ز ﻣﯿــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﯾﺎ رب از اﺑﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﯾﺖ ز ﻟﺤﺪ رﻗﺺ ﻛﻨــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯽ و ﻣﻄــــــــــﺮب ﺑﻨﺸﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﭼﻮ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ز ﺳﺮ ﺟــــــــــﺎن و ﺟﻬــــــــــﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﺧﯿﺰ و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻨﻤﺎ ای ﺑﺖ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــــــــــﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﺤﺮﮔﻪ ز ﻛﻨـــــــــــــــــﺎر ﺗﻮ ﺟـــــــــــــــــﻮان ﺑﺮﺧﯿﺰم‬

‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﯿﺮم ﺗﻮ ﺷﺒﯽ ﺗﻨﮓ در آﻏﻮﺷﻢ ﻛﺶ‬

‫ﺑ‪s‬ﻢ ا‪ ü‬اﻟ‪r‬ﺣ‪m‬ﻦ اﻟ‪r‬ﺣ‪y‬ﻢ وﺑﻪ اﻹﻋ‪A‬ﻧ‪ ,T‬اﻟﺤ‪ ü dm‬اﻟ@ي ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺟ‪ Tn‬اﻟ‪rf‬دو‪ x‬ﻟﻌ‪Ab‬ده اﻟ‪m‬ﺆﻣ‪yn‬ﻦ ﻧ‪z‬ﻻ‪ ,‬وﻳ‪rs‬ﻫﻢ ﻟﻸﻋ‪Am‬ل اﻟ‪AO‬ﻟﺤ‪T‬‬
‫اﻟ‪ Tl}wm‬إﻟ‪ ,Ahy‬ﻓ‪l‬ﻢ ﻳ‪t‬ﺨ@وا ‪wF‬اﻫ‪ A‬ﻓ‪wkls‬ا اﻟ‪ybs‬ﻞ اﻟ‪ Tl}wm‬إﻟ‪Ahy‬‬
‫‪Ð‬ﻟﻼ‪ .‬ﺧ‪ Ahql‬ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ ﻗ‪b‬ﻞ أن ﻳﺨ‪hql‬ﻢ وأ‪hnkF‬ﻢ إﻳ‪A‬ﻫ‪ A‬ﻗ‪b‬ﻞ أن ﻳ‪w‬ﺟ‪d‬ﻫﻢ وﺣ‪Ahf‬‬
‫ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪CAkm‬ه وأﺧ‪r‬ﺟ‪h‬ﻢ إﻟ‪ Y‬دا‪ C‬اﻻﻣ‪t‬ﺤ‪A‬ن ﻟ‪wlby‬ﻫﻢ أﻳ‪h‬ﻢ أﺣ‪s‬ﻦ ﻋ‪m‬ﻼ‪ ,‬وﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‪y‬ﻌ‪A‬د دﺧ‪w‬ﻟ‪ Ah‬ﻳ‪w‬م اﻟ‪dq‬وم ﻋ‪yl‬ﻪ و‪rR‬ب ﻣ‪d‬ة اﻟﺤ‪Ay‬ة اﻟ‪Af‬ﻧ‪ Ty‬دوﻧﻪ أﺟﻼ‪ ,‬وأودﻋ‪h‬ﻢ ﻣ‪A‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻋ‪y‬ﻦ ‪C‬أ‹ وﻻ أ‪Ð‬ن ‪mF‬ﻌﺖ وﻻ ﺧ‪ rW‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﻗ‪l‬ﺐ ﺑ‪ ,rK‬وﺟﻼﻫ‪ A‬ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ ﺣ‪ Yt‬ﻋ‪A‬ﻳ‪wn‬ﻫ‪A‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ‪y‬ﻦ اﻟ‪ryOb‬ة اﻟ‪t‬ﻲ ﻫﻲ أﻧ‪ @f‬ﻣﻦ ‪C‬ؤﻳ‪ T‬اﻟ‪ ,rOb‬وﺑ‪rK‬ﻫﻢ ﺑ‪ Am‬أﻋ‪ d‬ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ ﻓ‪ Ahy‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﻟ‪As‬ن ‪wFC‬ﻟﻪ‪,‬‬
‫ﻓ‪h‬ﻲ ﺧ‪ ry‬اﻟ‪ rKb‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﻟ‪As‬ن ﺧ‪ ry‬اﻟ‪ryKb‬‬
‫وﻛ‪m‬ﻞ ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ اﻟ‪rKb‬ى ﺑ‪wk‬ﻧ‪h‬ﻢ ﺧ‪A‬ﻟ‪d‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓ‪ Ahy‬ﻻ ﻳ‪b‬ﻐ‪w‬ن ﻋ‪ Ahn‬ﺣ‪w‬ﻻ‪ ,‬واﻟﺤ‪dm‬‬
‫‪ ü‬ﻓ‪ rVA‬اﻟ‪Ams‬وا‹ واﻷ‪ |C‬ﺟ‪A‬ﻋﻞ‬
‫اﻟ‪m‬ﻼﺋ‪FC Tk‬ﻼ‪ ,‬وﺑ‪A‬ﻋ” اﻟ‪Fr‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‪rKb‬ﻳﻦ وﻣ‪C@n‬ﻳﻦ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳ‪wk‬ن‬
‫ﻟ‪ xAnl‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬ا‪ ü‬ﺣﺠ‪ T‬ﺑﻌ‪ d‬اﻟ‪Fr‬ﻞ‬
‫إ‪ Ð‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺨ‪hql‬ﻢ ﻋ‪ A“b‬وﻟﻢ ﻳ‪rt‬ﻛ‪h‬ﻢ‬
‫‪dF‬ى‪ ,‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﻐ‪hlf‬ﻢ ﻫ‪m‬ﻼ‪ ,‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺧ‪hql‬ﻢ ﻷﻣ‪ r‬ﻋ\‪y‬ﻢ وﻫ‪y‬ﺄﻫﻢ ﻟﺨ‪W‬ﺐ‬
‫ﺟ‪ys‬ﻢ وﻋ‪ rm‬ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ دا‪C‬ﻳﻦ ﻓ‪@h‬ه ﻟ‪m‬ﻦ‬
‫أﺟ‪A‬ب اﻟ‪d‬اﻋﻲ وﻟﻢ ﻳ‪b‬ﻎ ‪wF‬ى ‪C‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻟ‪rk‬ﻳﻢ ﺑ‪d‬ﻻ‪ ,‬وﻫ@ه ﻟ‪m‬ﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫دﻋ‪w‬ﺗﻪ وﻟﻢ ﻳ‪r‬ﻓﻊ ﺑ‪C Ah‬أ‪ AF‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﻌ‪l‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺑ‪ Ah‬أﻣﻼ‪ ,‬واﻟﺤ‪ ü dm‬اﻟ@ي ‪RC‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪Ab‬ده ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪ rysy‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‪m‬ﻞ وﺗﺠ‪A‬و‪E‬‬
‫ﻟ‪h‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‪ ry“k‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪z‬ﻟﻞ وأﻓ‪|A‬‬
‫ﻋ‪hyl‬ﻢ اﻟ‪n‬ﻌ‪ Tm‬وﻛ‪t‬ﺐ ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﻧ‪sf‬ﻪ‬
‫اﻟ‪r‬ﺣ‪ ,Tm‬و‪mR‬ﻦ اﻟ‪Atk‬ب اﻟ@ي‬
‫ﻛ‪bt‬ﻪ أن ‪C‬ﺣ‪tm‬ﻪ ‪qbF‬ﺖ ﻏ‪bS‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫دﻋ‪ A‬ﻋ‪Ab‬ده إﻟ‪ Y‬دا‪ C‬اﻟ‪s‬ﻼم ﻓﻌ‪hm‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪d‬ﻋ‪w‬ة ﺣﺠ‪ T‬ﻣ‪n‬ﻪ ﻋ‪hyl‬ﻢ وﻋ‪d‬ﻻ‪,‬‬
‫وﺧ‪ P‬ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪dh‬اﻳ‪ T‬واﻟ‪wt‬ﻓ‪y‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪AJ‬ء‬
‫ﻧﻌ‪ Tm‬وﻣ‪n‬ﻪ وﻓ‪S‬ﻼ‪ ,‬ﻓ‪@h‬ا ﻋ‪d‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫وﺣ‪tmk‬ﻪ وﻫ‪ w‬اﻟﻌ‪z‬ﻳ‪ z‬اﻟﺤ‪yk‬ﻢ‪,‬‬
‫و‪Ð‬ﻟﻚ ﻓ‪lS‬ﻪ ﻳﺆﺗ‪y‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳ‪AK‬ء واﻟ‪l‬ﻪ‬
‫‪Ð‬و اﻟ‪Sf‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ\‪y‬ﻢ‪ ,‬وا‪ dhJ‬أن ﻻ إﻟﻪ‬
‫إﻻ ا‪ ü‬وﺣ‪d‬ه ﻻ ‪rJ‬ﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪AhJ ,‬دة ﻋ‪db‬ه‬
‫واﺑﻦ ﻋ‪db‬ه واﺑﻦ أﻣ‪t‬ﻪ‪ ,‬وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻏ‪ Yn‬ﺑﻪ ‪rV‬ﻓ‪ T‬ﻋ‪y‬ﻦ ﻓ‪lS‬ﻪ و‪C‬ﺣ‪tm‬ﻪ وﻻ ﻣ‪mW‬ﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪Ewf‬‬
‫ﺑ‪A‬ﻟﺠ‪ Tn‬واﻟ‪n‬ﺠ‪A‬ة ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪ CAn‬إﻻ ﺑﻌ‪wf‬ه وﻣﻐ‪rf‬ﺗﻪ‪ ,‬وأ‪ dhJ‬أن ﻣﺤ‪dm‬ا ﻋ‪db‬ه و‪wFC‬ﻟﻪ وأﻣ‪ny‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻋ‪ Yl‬وﺣ‪y‬ﻪ وﺧ‪ry‬ﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪ql‬ﻪ‪ ,‬أ‪lFC‬ﻪ ‪C‬ﺣ‪ Tm‬ﻟ‪l‬ﻌ‪A‬ﻟ‪ym‬ﻦ وﻗ‪d‬وة ﻟ‪l‬ﻌ‪A‬ﻣ‪yl‬ﻦ وﻣﺤﺠ‪T‬‬
‫ﻟ‪Asl‬ﻟ‪yk‬ﻦ وﺣﺠ‪ T‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬اﻟﻌ‪Ab‬د أﺟ‪m‬ﻌ‪y‬ﻦ‪ ,‬ﺑﻌ“ﻪ ﻟﻸﻳ‪Am‬ن ﻣ‪An‬دﻳ‪ A‬وإﻟ‪ Y‬دا‪ C‬اﻟ‪s‬ﻼم‬
‫داﻋ‪ Ay‬وﻟ‪l‬ﺨ‪ Tqyl‬ﻫ‪A‬دﻳ‪ A‬وﻟ‪Atk‬ﺑﻪ ﺗ‪A‬ﻟ‪ Ay‬وﻓﻲ ﻣ‪ARr‬ﺗﻪ ‪AF‬ﻋ‪ Ay‬وﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪m‬ﻌ‪r‬وف آﻣ‪r‬ا‬
‫وﻋﻦ اﻟ‪ rknm‬ﻧ‪A‬ﻫ‪ ,Ay‬أ‪lFC‬ﻪ ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﺣ‪y‬ﻦ ﻓ‪rt‬ة ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪Fr‬ﻞ ﻓ‪dh‬ى ﺑﻪ إﻟ‪Y‬‬
‫أﻗ‪w‬م اﻟ‪rW‬ق وأو‪R‬ﺢ اﻟ‪bs‬ﻞ واﻓ‪ |rt‬ﻋ‪ Yl‬اﻟﻌ‪Ab‬د ‪AV‬ﻋ‪t‬ﻪ وﻣﺤ‪tb‬ﻪ‬
‫وﺗﻌ‪z‬ﻳ‪z‬ه وﺗ‪w‬ﻗ‪ry‬ه‪.‬‬
‫[ ﻛ‪Ð ‹Aml‬ا‹ ﻣﻌ‪] Yn‬‬

‫‪Figure 3.1: NUTSHELL. Arabi and the parshape package I‬‬

CHAPTER 4

Use of the System

‫م‬A\n‫ل اﻟ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ا‬
‫ﻞ‬þþþþþþþ‫ﻫ‬A‫ ﺟ‬w‫ﻦ ﻫ‬m‫ﻢ ﻛ‬þþþþþþþl‫ ﻋ‬wþþþþþþþ‫ أﺧ‬Hy‫وﻟ‬

ًAþ þþþþþþþþþþþþþm‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﻋ‬dþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻟ‬w‫ء ﻳ‬rm‫ اﻟ‬Hyl‫ﻢ ﻓ‬l‫ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﻞ‬þþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻓ‬A‫ﺤ‬m‫ﻪ اﻟ‬yl‫ﺖ ﻋ‬þþþþþþþþþþmR ‫ا‬Ð‫ إ‬ry‫}ﻐ‬

‫ه‬dn‫ﻢ ﻋ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþl‫م ﻻ ﻋ‬wþþþþþþþþþþþþþþq‫ اﻟ‬ryb‫وإن ﻛ‬

4.1. Input encodings supported by Arabi
Typesetting Arabic and Farsi texts with TEX implies the use of special input and output encodings, so we would need to use the packages inputenc and fontenc.
We use two special font encodings. For Arabic we use LAE that stands for Local Arabic
Encoding, defined in the file laeenc.def. While for Farsi we use LFE that stands also for Local
Farsi Encoding, defined in the file lfeenc.def.
These two encodings are not final. Some character positions may/will change,
and some still empty slots will be filled with new characters.
Concerning the input encoding, the user simply creates an ordinary LATEX file, in which he
can use 8-bit Arabic characters, typed visually on some system that supports the Arabic script.
For now, the system Arabi supports the following input code pages:
1. Arabic Windows CP 1256 for both Arabic and Farsi,
2. ISO 8859-6 for Arabic, a lot of Farsi characters are missing.
3. The multibyte encoding UTF-8 (Unicode Transmission Format) ISO 10646 for both Arabic and Farsi. This encoding is rather new i LATEX and is still experimental?? We could
compile a Farsi document in Unicode when the whole document was in Unicode, and
the same document complaints about some characters that are not set up for use with
LATEX. We think that we covered all Farsi characters, but if you find any missing characters, we would like you to contact us to add them!
4. A partial support for a 7-bit input encoding, similar to the ASCII input encoding of
ArabTEX, will also be provided1, this is not a particularly urgent problem since you can
use ArabTEX with it’s standard ASCII encoding within an Arabi LATEX document. The
choice of ArabTEX is motivated by the fact, according to our experience with the Arabic
TEX users community locally, the most Arabic users that use TEX to typeset their Arabic
texts use actually ArabTEX. So, the potential users that may get interested in using Arabi
that were using ArabTEX with ASCII input should be able to use their old documents at
1In fact, there is a partial support as for now, but we did not get enough time to complete it. It should be improved
and supported in future versions but we make no promise.

22

The Arabi system

23

the cost of minor changes to their files and habits. For those who were using ArabTEX
with some 8-bit encoding we hope that there should be no problem.
4.2. Declaring the right input encoding
You have to specify the default input encoding, with the help of the standard inputenc
package, using before loading BABEL,

\usepackage[encoding name]{inputenc}
For example you say

\usepackage[cp1256]{inputenc}
for Windows Arabic CP 1256, or

\usepackage[8859-6]{inputenc}
for the standard ISO 8859-6 encoding used by UNIX and Linux systems, or

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
for the standard Unicode UTF-8, known also as ISO 10646 encoding, supported actually by
all modern systems. You may also combine many, the last one being the default.
If no input encoding has been chosen, Windows Arabic CP 1256 is used as the default, for
the moment.
The choice of an input encoding in the preamble is not a restriction since it can be changed
also inside the document by the \inputencoding command, like

\inputencoding{cp1256}
for example. A possible use of this command within a document is when using text from
several documents to build up a composite work. You may not get Farsi text in CP 1256 format
while your Arabic text is in CP 1256 or ISO 8859-6, will may need this “feature.”
Older 7-bit codes, like the one used jadis by the DOS operating system, are not
supported. They require a new corresponding font encoding, and in view of
the fact that they are actually not used anymore as far as we know, this should
be a waste of time and storage space.
Each encoding has an associated .def file. For example, the file “8859-6.def” defines the
characters of the standard ISO 8859-6 encoding.
4.3. Calling BABEL
Then, you have to call BABEL with the arabic or farsi options or both as in

\usepackage[farsi,arabic,french,english]{babel}
the last option being always the default for the document.

24

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
Important note.
Nevertheless, since the Arabic part of the code was developed first and the
Farsi part was developed after, we advise the user who wants to mix the two
languages to call the option arabic always after farsi. And if you want Farsi
to be the main document language, just issue the command
\TOCLanguage{english}
and call the Farsi language whenever needed as shown below. This may
save you a lot of trouble (concerning the choice of the fonts to be used by the
system) until the system becomes more mature.

Actually, the Arabi font encodings (LATEX Arabic encoding LAE and Farsi encoding LFE) should
be used, with the aid of the standard fontenc package:

\usepackage[LAE,LFE]{fontenc}
This font encoding was designed by partially placing Arabic glyphs in their corresponding
ASCII equivalent (if one character) from the ArabTEX 7-bit input encoding looking for further
compatibility to allow inputting text in ASCII if wanted.
The way we adopted during the implementation of our system relies on the existing character set on the keyboard. That made that ‫ ء‬, ‫ ئ‬, ‫ ؤ‬, ‫ أ‬and ‫ إ‬can/should be typed explicitly
by the user and the program has not to guess each form the hamza will have. This is the way
Arabic is written on usual visual systems and the case for existing 8-bit Arabic texts. So, we ignore consciously the fact that the actual position of the hamza can be explicitly known from the
vowel of the character preceding the hamza carrier and the vowel of the hamza carrier itself.
Then run your TEX file through #-LATEX as you usually do for any LATEX file and the standard
EX. If you use the console, you should have to type something like

LAT

$prompt> elatex foo.tex
4.4. Preparing an Input file
Languages can be switched for example by the following standard macros used by the

BABEL system to switch between different languages. there is nothing really special there. We

just need some few macros to call either Arabic or Farsi little portions of text inside a dominating
Latin text.
For Arabic:

\selectlanguage{arabic}

Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬
AS‫ أﻳ‬Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ى ﺑ‬r‫ أﺧ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬
...

\begin{otherlanguage}{arabic}

Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬
. . . AS‫ أﻳ‬Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ى ﺑ‬r‫ أﺧ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬
\end{otherlanguage}

For Farsi:

\selectlanguage{farsi}

‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬
. . . ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان‬
...

\begin{otherlanguage}{farsi}

‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬
. . . ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان‬
\end{otherlanguage}

The Arabi system

25

Inside Farsi text:

Inside Arabic text:

. . . Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬
. . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬

\textLR{Latin text}

\textLR{Latin text}

Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ﻟ‬A‫ى ﺑ‬r‫ أﺧ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ﻛ‬
. . . AS‫أﻳ‬

. . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬

Inside Latin text:
Latin text
\AR{ Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫} ﻛ‬
more Latin text
\FR{ ‫} ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬
and more . . .

After these examples that show you how to use
guages, some explanations. First, the command

Arabi to select the Arabic and Farsi lan-

\selectlanguage{LanguageName}
and the environment

\begin{otherlanguage}{LanguageName}
are a part of standard BABEL switching interface.
The other commands are used for language and direction switching inside a paragraph.
The command \textLR{Latin text} is used to type a Latin text inside Arabic or Farsi. The
last Left-to-Right language will be used.
The commands \FR{‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬

‫ }ﻣﺘﻦ‬and \textFR{‫ }ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬are used to get a Farsi text in any

context.
While the commands \AR{Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ﺑ‬
text in any context.

T‫ﺑ‬At‫ }ﻛ‬and \textAR{Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﺑ‬At‫ }ﻛ‬are used to get an Arabic

You have also the possibility to use the shorthand command \textRL{xxxx} to type either
Arabic or Farsi, the language that was loaded last! Nevertheless, this is deprecated!
To force insertion of Arabic or Farsi in English text, you should use \ARmbox for Arabic

mbox, \FRmbox for Farsi \mbox and \LRmbox for English (in fact Latin) \mbox macros respectively. This is sometimes necessary, like inside mathematical formulae for example.
4.5. The document
For a short example that shows how Arabi is used, get a look at the sample input text in
Figure 4.1 on page 26 and how its output looks like in Figures 4.2 on page 27. There is nothing
specific to Arabic in the example, we use it for Farsi the same way!
4.6. Numbers within Arabic and Farsi texts
The numbers are written normally in a Latin context. But in a Right-to-Left context, that
is Arabic or Farsi for us, and since the Arabic text should be reflected, the numbers have to
be protected in some way that prevents such reflection and choose the right font to be used
(numbers in Arabic are written in two different forms according to the Arabic country where
they are used).

26

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

Arabi input

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌ‬wbtk‫ ﺗ‬A‫ﻣ‬

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[ cp1256 ]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ LAE ]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ arabic ,english]{babel}
\begin{document}
\selectlanguage{arabic}

, ‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
\\

‫ة‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ ﻓﻲ اﻻ‬rK‫ ﻋ‬x‫د‬As‫ﻞ اﻟ‬Of‫اﻟ‬
‫ة ﻣﻦ‬Cws‫ اﻟ‬Anml‫ ﻳﻌ‬Am‫ ﻛ‬r‫ة ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣ‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ اﻻ‬Anml‫\ ﻳﻌ‬salat ü‫ل ا‬wFC ‫ن‬A‫ل ﻛ‬A‫ ﻗ‬r‫ﺑ‬A‫ي ﻋﻦ ﺟ‬CA‫ﺨ‬b‫ﺢ اﻟ‬y‫ﻓﻲ }ﺤ‬
‫ك‬CdqtF‫ﻚ وا‬ml‫ك ﺑﻌ‬ry‫ﺨ‬tF‫ﻢ اﻧﻲ ا‬hl‫ﻞ اﻟ‬qy‫ ›ﻢ ﻟ‬TS‫ﻳ‬rf‫ اﻟ‬ry‫ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏ‬yt‫ﻛﻌ‬C ‫ﻛﻊ‬ryl‫ ﻓ‬r‫ﻻﻣ‬A‫ﻛﻢ ﺑ‬d‫ا ﻫﻢ اﺣ‬Ð‫ان ا‬rq‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻢ‬l‫ﺖ ﺗﻌ‬n‫ﻢ ان ﻛ‬hl‫ب اﻟ‬wy‫ﻢ واﻧﺖ ﻋﻼم اﻟﻐ‬l‫ﻢ وﻻ اﻋ‬l‫ وﺗﻌ‬Cd‫ وﻻ اﻗ‬Cdq‫ﻧﻚ ﺗ‬A‫ﻢ ﻓ‬y\‫ﻚ اﻟﻌ‬lS‫ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓ‬AF‫ﺗﻚ وا‬Cdq‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ك ﻟﻲ ﻓ‬CA‫ه ﻟﻲ ›ﻢ ﺑ‬rs‫ه ﻟﻲ وﻳ‬Cd‫ﻗ‬A‫ي ﻓ‬r‫ اﻣ‬Tb‫ﻗ‬A‫ﻲ وﻋ‬JA‫ﻲ وﻣﻌ‬n‫ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ دﻳ‬ry‫ﻪ ﺧ‬t‫ﺟ‬A‫ ﺣ‬Yms‫ وﻳ‬r‫ان ﻫ@ا اﻻﻣ‬
‫ ﻟﻲ‬Cd‫ﻪ واﻗ‬n‫ﻲ ﻋ‬n‫ﻓ‬r}‫ﻲ وا‬n‫ﻓﻪ ﻋ‬r}A‫ي ﻓ‬r‫ اﻣ‬Tb‫ﻗ‬A‫ﻲ وﻋ‬JA‫ﻲ وﻣﻌ‬n‫ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ دﻳ‬rJ r‫ﻢ ان ﻫ@ا اﻻﻣ‬l‫ﺖ ﺗﻌ‬n‫وان ﻛ‬
‫ل ﻣﻦ‬A‫ اﻧﻪ ﻗ‬Q ‫ﻲ‬bn‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬QA‫ ﺑﻦ اﺑﻲ وﻗ‬d‫ﻌ‬F ”‫ﻳ‬d‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬dm‫م اﺣ‬A‫ اﻻﻣ‬dns‫ﻲ ﺑﻪ وﻓﻲ ﻣ‬nRC‫ن ›ﻢ ا‬A‫” ﻛ‬y‫ ﺣ‬ry‫اﻟﺨ‬
ü‫ة ا‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ﻛﻪ ا‬r‫ة اﺑﻦ ادم ﺗ‬wqJ ‫ وﻣﻦ‬ü‫ ا‬YS‫ ﻗ‬Am‫ه ﺑ‬ARC ‫دة اﺑﻦ ادم‬A‫ﻌ‬F ‫ وﻣﻦ‬ü‫ة ا‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫دة اﺑﻦ ادم ا‬A‫ﻌ‬F
Y‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻧﻪ وﺗﻌ‬A‫ﺤ‬bF ‫ل‬A‫ ﻗ‬d‫ وﻗ‬ü‫ ا‬YS‫ ﻗ‬Am‫ﻪ ﺑ‬W‫ﺨ‬F ‫ة اﺑﻦ ادم‬wqJ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
[\textmash{

ü‫ ا‬Yl‫ﻛﻞ ﻋ‬wt‫ﻣﺖ ﻓ‬z‫ا ﻋ‬ÐA‫ ﻓ‬r‫ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣ‬C‫و‬AJ‫و‬
}]

‫ﻫﻢ‬r‫ اﻣ‬dJC‫ ا‬Y‫وا اﻟ‬d‫ اﻻ ﻫ‬ü‫ن وﺟﻪ ا‬w‫ﻐ‬tb‫م ﻳ‬w‫ ﻗ‬C‫و‬AK‫ ﺗ‬A‫ده ﻣ‬At‫ل ﻗ‬A‫وﻗ‬
\textLR{This is a simple example of Arabic text you may want to type}

.‫ﻦ‬ym‫ﻟ‬A‫ب اﻟﻌ‬C ü dm‫ﺗﻢ واﻟﺤ‬
\end{document}

~
Figure 4.1: Sample Arabi input

Numbers should be used with the control sequence \I{Arabo-Indic number} , as in \I{0123456789}
to be typeset using Arabo-Indic digits (U+0660 – U+0669) like 0123456789 . The same control sequence \I works to get Extended Arabo-Indic digits (U+06F0 – U+06F9) ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹ if you are
in a Farsi text. The choice of one of the two forms is done automatically according to the contest.
That is if you are in a Farsi or an Arabic text.

The Arabi system

27

Arabi output

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌ‬yl‫ن ﻋ‬wlO‫ ﺗﺤ‬A‫ﻣ‬

, ‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
‫ة‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ ﻓﻲ اﻻ‬rK‫ ﻋ‬x‫د‬As‫ﻞ اﻟ‬Of‫اﻟ‬
Anml‫ ﻳﻌ‬Am‫ ﻛ‬r‫ة ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣ‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ اﻻ‬Anml‫ ﻳﻌ‬Q ü‫ل ا‬wFC ‫ن‬A‫ل ﻛ‬A‫ ﻗ‬r‫ﺑ‬A‫ي ﻋﻦ ﺟ‬CA‫ﺨ‬b‫ﺢ اﻟ‬y‫ﻓﻲ }ﺤ‬
‫ك‬ry‫ﺨ‬tF‫ﻢ إﻧﻲ أ‬hl‫ﻞ اﻟ‬qy‫ ›ﻢ ﻟ‬TS‫ﻳ‬rf‫ اﻟ‬ry‫ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏ‬yt‫ﻛﻌ‬C ‫ﻛﻊ‬ryl‫ ﻓ‬r‫ﻷﻣ‬A‫ﻛﻢ ﺑ‬d‫ا ﻫﻢ أﺣ‬Ð‫ان إ‬rq‫ة ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬Cws‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻢ وأﻧﺖ ﻋﻼم‬l‫ﻢ وﻻ اﻋ‬l‫ وﺗﻌ‬Cd‫ وﻻ اﻗ‬Cdq‫ﻧﻚ ﺗ‬A‫ﻢ ﻓ‬y\‫ﻚ اﻟﻌ‬lS‫ﺄﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓ‬F‫ﺗﻚ وأ‬Cdq‫ك ﺑ‬CdqtF‫ﻚ وأ‬ml‫ﺑﻌ‬
‫ي‬r‫ أﻣ‬Tb‫ﻗ‬A‫ﻲ وﻋ‬JA‫ﻲ وﻣﻌ‬n‫ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ دﻳ‬ry‫ﻪ ﺧ‬t‫ﺟ‬A‫ ﺣ‬Yms‫ وﻳ‬r‫ﻢ أن ﻫ@ا اﻷﻣ‬l‫ﺖ ﺗﻌ‬n‫ﻢ إن ﻛ‬hl‫ب اﻟ‬wy‫اﻟﻐ‬
Tb‫ﻗ‬A‫ﻲ وﻋ‬JA‫ﻲ وﻣﻌ‬n‫ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ دﻳ‬rJ r‫ﻢ أن ﻫ@ا اﻷﻣ‬l‫ﺖ ﺗﻌ‬n‫ﻪ وان ﻛ‬y‫ك ﻟﻲ ﻓ‬CA‫ه ﻟﻲ ›ﻢ ﺑ‬rs‫ه ﻟﻲ وﻳ‬Cd‫ﻗ‬A‫ﻓ‬
dm‫م اﺣ‬A‫ اﻹﻣ‬dns‫ﻲ ﺑﻪ وﻓﻲ ﻣ‬nRC‫ن ›ﻢ أ‬A‫” ﻛ‬y‫ ﺣ‬ry‫ ﻟﻲ اﻟﺨ‬Cd‫ﻪ واﻗ‬n‫ﻲ ﻋ‬n‫ﻓ‬r}‫ﻲ وا‬n‫ﻓﻪ ﻋ‬r}A‫ي ﻓ‬r‫أﻣ‬
‫دة‬A‫ﻌ‬F ‫ وﻣﻦ‬ü‫ة ا‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫دة اﺑﻦ ادم ا‬A‫ﻌ‬F ‫ل ﻣﻦ‬A‫ اﻧﻪ ﻗ‬Q ‫ﻲ‬bn‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬QA‫ ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ وﻗ‬d‫ﻌ‬F ”‫ﻳ‬d‫ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬
Am‫ﻪ ﺑ‬W‫ﺨ‬F ‫ة اﺑﻦ ادم‬wqJ ‫ وﻣﻦ‬ü‫ة ا‬CA‫ﺨ‬tF‫ﻛﻪ ا‬r‫ة اﺑﻦ ادم ﺗ‬wqJ ‫ وﻣﻦ‬ü‫ ا‬YS‫ ﻗ‬Am‫ه ﺑ‬ARC ‫اﺑﻦ ادم‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬wt‫ﻣﺖ ﻓ‬z‫ا ﻋ‬Ð‫ ﻓﺈ‬r‫ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣ‬C‫و‬AJ‫ [و‬Y‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻧﻪ وﺗﻌ‬A‫ﺤ‬bF ‫ل‬A‫ ﻗ‬d‫ وﻗ‬ü‫ ا‬YS‫ﻗ‬
This is a ‫ﻫﻢ‬r‫ أﻣ‬dJC‫ ا‬Y‫وا إﻟ‬d‫ إﻻ ﻫ‬ü‫ن وﺟﻪ ا‬w‫ﻐ‬tb‫م ﻳ‬w‫ ﻗ‬C‫و‬AK‫ ﺗ‬A‫دة ﻣ‬At‫ل ﻗ‬A‫] وﻗ‬ü‫ ا‬Yl‫ﻋ‬
.‫ﻦ‬ym‫ﻟ‬A‫ب اﻟﻌ‬C ü dm‫ﺗﻢ واﻟﺤ‬

simple example of Arabic text you may want to type

~
Figure 4.2: Sample Arabi output

If you are in a Latin text and would like to get Arabo-Indic digits —as in this user guide—
you still may use \I but if you want to get Extended Arabo-Indic number you have to use the
control sequence \EI{Extended Arabo-Indic number} .
If you prefer/need to get Arabic digits, use only \textLR{123} , to get 123 . You should use
one of these commands according to what you want to get at the end.

4.7. Breaking ligatures
All the typesetting in Arabi is done via TEX’s ligature mechanism. When you type Arabic (or
Farsi, the word Arabic is used here to describe the script, not the language) text, each character
corresponds for Arabi to the medial form, always —even if not in the middle of a word— and
that is the ligature mechanisms that decides of the form the character should use!

28

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
For example, when you type the word
of the characters:

k

then

t

and

b

‫ﺐ‬t‫ﻛ‬

Arabi asks for the medial form

and that is TEX’s ligature mechanism

which is responsible for converting this to

‫ﻛ‬

then

t

and finally

TEX \beginR and \endR primitives will reflect them to get
is what you want most of the time.
However, in the sentence

‫ﺐ‬

‫ ﺐ‬t ‫ﻛ‬

and #which

‫ م‬2005 ‫اﻓﻖ ﻟ‬wm‫ ﻫ اﻟ‬1426 TnF to specify a Higri date for exam-

ple, you have to break this ligature. One way to do that consists in using explicitly the word
\noboundary before of after the character, depending on the form you want to get as a result.
For example in the above example we typed the letter hā’ ‫ ه‬followed immediately (no space
follows) by the control sequence \noboundary.
Note that you cannot get this initial form in visual systems like Word processors unless you
add an explicit tatweel (to lengthen space between words) after the letters hā’ and lām like:

þ‫ ﻫ‬and þ‫ ﻟ‬instead of ‫ ﻫ‬and ‫ﻟ‬
or with an other font whose keshida is longer

þ‫ ﻫ‬and
where the difference is more visible!

þ‫ ﻟ‬instead of ‫ ﻫ‬and ‫ﻟ‬

4.8. Turning vowels ON/OFF
The Arabi system allows vowelization if entered by the user as any Arabic (or Farsi) character,
like in

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ٌ ﻋ‬d"‫ﻳ‬ÁE Á‫ب‬ÁraR . if the font used contains such vowels!

Fluent readers of Arabic rarely resort to vowels, so the above sentence would be typed and
rendered

‫ا‬rm‫ ﻋ‬d‫ﻳ‬E ‫ب‬rR .

Vowels are used usually in books for children, to explicit the pronunciations of foreign
words, or in some grammar or religious books. Nevertheless, even if you don’t want to typeset
the vowels, you may still include them in the input, this will render a more accurate transliteration if you are interested in. Once this is done you have the choice between getting the vowels
in the output or no. This is defined in the mini-package arabnovowel.sty.
For the user, it suffices to issue the command \Novocalize to turn them OFF
in the output and to issue the command \Vocalize to turn them ON again. By
default, they are ON.
Beware that if the vowels are turned OFF, they will not appear in the Latin transliteration
of Arabic. You have to turn them ON again before generating the transliteration.
The effects of \Vocalize and \Novocalize are best shown in the example of Figure 4.3 on
page 29.

The Arabi system

29

Input and Output with \Vocalize and \Novocalize
\Vocalize

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ٌ ﻋ‬d"‫ﻳ‬ÁE Á‫ب‬ÁraR
\Novocalize

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ٌ ﻋ‬d"‫ﻳ‬ÁE Á‫ب‬ÁraR
\Vocalize

!

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ ﻋ‬dٌ "‫ﻳ‬ÁE ‫ب‬
Á ÁraR
‫ا‬rm‫ ﻋ‬d‫ﻳ‬E ‫ب‬rR
ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ ﻋ‬dٌ "‫ﻳ‬ÁE ‫ب‬
Á ÁraR
‫ا‬rm‫ ﻋ‬d‫ﻳ‬E ‫ب‬rR

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ٌ ﻋ‬d"‫ﻳ‬ÁE Á‫ب‬ÁraR
\Novocalize

ً‫ا‬r"ma‫ٌ ﻋ‬d"‫ﻳ‬ÁE Á‫ب‬ÁraR
Figure 4.3: Activating, Deactivating and Reactivation vowelization again

4.9. Forcing the final form of a vowelized connecting character
This section does not apply for XETEX users who use AAT Open type fonts!
When typing Arabic text, that is not vocalized, there is no problem. You can type it as you
would like to get it in the output using the 8-bit (Arabic) characters on your keyboard. It’s full
WYSIWYG!
Concerning vowelized words, if the character to vowelize is not the final one in the word,
there too, there is no particular convention to care about. Even if your last character should be
vowelized and it’s non connecting, there is no problem neither. But if it’s a vowelized connecting
character, it will show with a medial form if the vowel is not a tanween, instead of a final one or
in an initial form instead of an isolated one. This is a problem we got, due to a limitation in the
way ligatures are handled by TEX. So, the solution, there is one hopefully, is to type after the
last connecting character and before the vowel it’s carrying a star character “*” as it is unlikely
that you would want a star between a character and its vowel anyway. The result would be the
correct vowelized character in the output!
Some examples are given in Figure 4.4 on page 29.
What you type

And what you get

‫د‬AS‫ اﻟ‬T‫ﻟﻐ‬

‫د‬AS‫ اﻟ‬T‫ﻟﻐ‬

ٌ‫د‬AaR –- ٌTa‫ﻐ‬u‫ﻟ‬

ٌ‫د‬AaR — ٌTa‫ﻐ‬u‫ﻟ‬

Ã‫د‬AS‫ اﻟ‬ÂTa‫ﻐ‬u‫ﻟ‬

Ã‫د‬AS‫ اﻟ‬ÂTa‫ﻐ‬u‫ﻟ‬

‫ﻣﻞ‬A‫ﻞ ﻋ‬m‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻣﻞ‬A‫ﻞ ﻋ‬m‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻞ‬i‫ﻣ‬Aa‫ﻞ ﻋ‬ama‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻞ‬i‫ﻣ‬Aa‫ﻞ ﻋ‬ama‫ﻋ‬

ٌ‫ﻞ‬i‫ﻣ‬Aa‫ ﻋ‬Á *‫ﻞ‬ama‫ﻋ‬

ٌ‫ﻞ‬i‫ﻣ‬Aa‫ ﻋ‬Á‫ﻞ‬ama‫ﻋ‬

Figure 4.4: Typing final vowelized connecting characters

CHAPTER 5

Bi-directional Support

‫ﻦ‬y‫ﻫ‬A‫ اﻻﺗﺠ‬CAt‫ﻒ ﺗﺨ‬y‫ﻛ‬
: x‫ا‬w‫ ﻧ‬w‫ل أﺑ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫ي‬CAþþþþþþþþþþb‫ﻖ اﻟ‬þþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﺑ@ﻟﻚ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨ‬duO‫واﻗ‬

Ahþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþl‫ﻗ‬An‫ﺄ ﺑ‬b‫م وﻻﺗﻌ‬wþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþl‫ﺧ@ اﻟﻌ‬

CAnl‫د ﻟ‬wþþþþþþþþþþ‫ وﺧﻞ اﻟﻌ‬CAþþþþþþþþþþm“‫ اﻟ‬Ã‫ﺟﻦ‬Aþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻓ‬

rþþþþþþþþþþþþþm› Ah‫ ﻟ‬CAþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﺠ‬J‫م ﻛﺄ‬wþþþþþþþþþþþþþl‫إن اﻟﻌ‬

This chapter describes the Arabi Bi-directional capabilities. Unless, something specific to
Arabic script texts is not working with the combination of the standard (and some less standard) LATEX classes and styles by using the current macros from arabic.ldf, farsi.ldf or
arabicore.sty, the decision is taken to use actually as it as is. It was tested with standard
LATEX 2# classes. The syntax is the standard one as you will see.
5.1. Global formatting parameters
Some formatting parameters may be seen as global in a document (some times in a chapter
or a part) like the table of contents, the list of figures, the list of tables, and the page numbering
styles.
That means for example in the case of page numbers that we should not mix Arabic digits
page numbers with Indo-Arabic digits! This holds true more generally with the headings as all.
They should depend on a global prevailing direction for the whole document. We have either
an Arabic document that contains Latin (or other Left-to-Right scripts) texts or the converse. So,
we should ensure that the proper disposition for the heading is taken.
For the table of contents, the list of figures and the list of tables. They should appear in a
uniform way even if they contain Arabic (Right-to-Left) and Latin (Left-to-Right) entries. If no
thing is done due to the BABEL mechanism that inserts a language switching command in the
table of contents whenever such a command appeared in the test, the tables should appear in
mixed directions if you have mixed Latin and Arabic sectioning commands
Our vision is that the global direction of the document should dominate. For example in
the case of the table of contents, consider Arabic or Farsi and English [sub]sections or chapters
that appear in the text of the document in two different contexts (Arabic and Farsi from Rightto-Left and Latin from Left-to-Right) with different formatting! In the table of contents, if the
prevailing language (the table of contents (TOC) language) is Arabic or Farsi, all the entries,
Arabic or Farsi and Latin, should appear from Right-to-Left with sections and page numbers
in the right format, while the text of the heading will of course still remain typeset with Latin
characters if it was not Arabic or Farsi! And conversely for an English table of contents or any
Latin (Left-to-Right) language.
30

The Arabi system

31

Other formatting features may be seen as semi-global or just local(?!) like the position of
the \footnoterule for example whose position should depend on the page language context as
it happened while preparing this user guide (where English dominates) while in some pages
where only Arabic footnotes had to be issued and it would have been certainly inappropriate
to get a \footnoterule on the left of the page! The same holds for the list of figures and the list
of tables.
Other (semi-)global parameters for a document may also exist. They are not all dealt with
in this version. We are still discovering them as we use the system more and more. The users
interaction is very important to cover them all in future versions!

5.2. Sectioning commands
Usual LATEX control sequences for sections headings

\subsubsection,
\subsection,
\section,
\chapter,
\part,
[\caption]
get typeset with the default direction in effect. That is if you have selected the Arabic language,
any sectioning command that will be issued will be typeset from Right-to-Left with the appropriate choice of font, size of characters, etc. And if you have selected a language that uses some
Left-to-Right script, the sectioning commands will be typeset from Left-to-Right with the usual
formatting. Sections, subsections, chapters & co. all share the same counters that will be incremented whenever such a command is issued independently of the Language context where it
was typed.
Proper formatting of the table of contents according to the TOC language is done automatically by Arabi and you have not to worry about it.
In the case where the you want a Left-to-Right language chapter and you are in a Latin
context (you have typed \selectlanguage{english} for example), a new chapter command
like
\chapter{How to use this package}
is issued. While if in an Arabic or Farsi context, we should declare a chapter as in

\chapter{T‫ﻣ‬Er‫ل ﻫ@ه اﻟ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ ا‬Tyfy‫} ﻛ‬
or

\chapter{‫}ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬
The table of contents, list of figures and list of tables should be typeset, as usual, with the commands \tableofcontents, \listoffigures and \listoftables respectively. Their respective
captions will be typeset in the main direction (and language), what we may call the TOC language, in effect where the above commands are placed. You have to issue a complementary
command in your preamble somewhere after loading Arabi with the command
\TOCLanguage{}

32

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

In the place  you should specify some BABEL valid language of course like
\TOCLanguage{arabic} . If such a command was not given in the preamble, the system will
suppose that the  is the main BABEL language \bbl@main@language, that is the
last language specified with BABEL.
What happens actually is that, an Arabic section entry, for example, will appear from Rightto-Left with Indo-Arabic digits for the numbers while a Left-to-Right Latin section entry will
appear from Left-to-Right with Arabic digits for the numbers, etc. This is normal because the
package BABEL issues language switching control sequences like \selectlanguage{english}
in the three tables auxiliary files whenever such a command appears in the TEX document!
Other global parameter besides tables, that should use the main language context include
the page numbering scheme and the headings.
An other element of style that seems semi-global and merits more attention and reflexion is
“footnotes”. In a page where only Right-to-Left text (for example Arabic) appears, all footnotes
and the footnote rule should appear on the right and similarly for a page where only Left-toRight text (for example English) appears, all footnotes and the footnote rule should appear on
the left, without any consideration for the global direction of text. The problem is when both
Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right footnotes should appear on the same page or when a page with
an Arabic paragraph or two appear on the top and the rest of the text is in Latin on the bottom
and a Right-to-Left footnote should be issued, how should we proceed?
5.3. Displayed Material. Lists environments
Concerning displayed material, we shall begin by showing first some examples of how it
looks like to use the different list environments.
The itemize environment. The syntax to use an itemize environment is the same as with
standard Latin texts you are used to in LATEX except that you have to issue a \selectlanguage{arabic}
or \selectlanguage{farsi} command to switch BABEL to Arabic or Farsi. The four levels of
an Arabic itemize environment, for example, looks like:

. ‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
: ‫ﻲ‬l‫ ﻳ‬Am‫أ ﻋ‬rq‫ ﻧ‬dq‫‹ ﻓ‬AyRA‫ﻳ‬r‫ﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬ml‫ب اﻟﻌ‬r‫ا„ اﻟﻌ‬rt‫ ﻟ‬AnRr‫ا ﺗﻌ‬Ð‫إ‬
‫ب‬As‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
‫م‬A‫ﻗ‬C‫اع اﻷ‬w‫ﻢ وأﻧ‬y‫ﻗ‬rt‫م اﻟ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
‫ي‬rK‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\n‫ اﻟ‬A‫اﻳ‬z‫ وﻣ‬rfO‫ة اﻟ‬rk‫ﻓ‬
‫ي‬rK‫ اﻟﻌ‬rsk‫اع اﻟ‬rt‫ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‬r‫ﻞ اﻟﻌ‬S‫ﻓ‬
‫ب‬As‫اب اﻟﺤ‬w‫ أﺑ‬
‫ﻦ‬y‫ﺋ‬dtbml‫ ﻟ‬A‫ﻫ‬d‫اﺋ‬w‫ب وﻓ‬rS‫ﻊ واﻟ‬m‫ق اﻟﺠ‬rV
Tbsn‫„ اﻟ‬w‫ﺑﺤ‬
‫ﺄﻳﻦ‬W‫ اﻟﺨ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV
‹Afk‫ اﻟ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV
‫ة‬r‫ اﺑﻦ ﻗ‬T‫ﻳ‬r\‫ وﻧ‬T‫ﺑ‬A‫ﺤ‬tm‫اد اﻟ‬d‫‹ اﻷﻋ‬A‫ﻳ‬r\‫ ﻧ‬






The Arabi system

33

‹Ay‫اﻟ‬wtm‫ اﻟ‬
‹‫ﻻ‬wh‫ﺠ‬m‫ا— اﻟ‬r‫ﺨ‬tF‫ا‬
Hk‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ﻞ ﺑ‬m‫ اﻟﻌ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV
rb‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
TFdnh‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
‹A“l“m‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬







The four levels of a Farsi itemize environment are the same. So, there is no need to rewrite
them all. we provide a little humoristic example in Farsi entitled Credit is Dead, whose translation (always from the Persian studies site at the university of Texas) is:
He is the daily provider
Credit is dead
For this reason we announce Due to the tragic accident of delinquency
Credit has passed away
Due to not having:





The
The
The
The

Treasure of Croesus
Patience of Job
Longevity of Noah
Ability to withstand your being distant

Please excuse us from giving credit or handouts
In friendship Alike.

In business Strangers.

‫ﻫﻮ اﻟﺮزاق‬

‫ﻧﺴﯿﻪ ﻣﺮد‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼع ﻣﯽرﺳﺎﻧﯿﻢ در اﺛﺮ ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ دﻟﺨﺮاش ﺑﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﻧﺴﯿﻪ درﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﮔﻨﺞ ﻗﺎرون‬
‫ﺻﺒﺮ اﯾﻮب‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﻮح‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺖ دوری ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫از دادن ﻧﺴﯿﻪ و وﺟﻪ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺬورﯾﻢ‬
‫در ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠـــــــــــــــــــﻪ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧـــــــــــــــــــﻪ‬

‫در دوﺳـــــــــــــــــــﺘﯽ ﯾﮕﺎﻧـــــــــــــــــــﻪ‬






34

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

The enumerate environment. The syntax to use an enumerate environment is also the
same as with standard Latin texts you are used to in LATEX. And there too, you have to use a
\selectlanguage{arabic} or \selectlanguage{farsi}. The four levels of an Arabic enumerate
environment, for example, looks like:

. ‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
: ‫ﻲ‬l‫ ﻳ‬Am‫أ ﻋ‬rq‫ ﻧ‬dq‫‹ ﻓ‬AyRA‫ﻳ‬r‫ﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬ml‫ب اﻟﻌ‬r‫ا„ اﻟﻌ‬rt‫ ﻟ‬AnRr‫ا ﺗﻌ‬Ð‫إ‬
‫ب‬As‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
‫م‬A‫ﻗ‬C‫اع اﻷ‬w‫ﻢ وأﻧ‬y‫ﻗ‬rt‫م اﻟ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
‫ي‬rK‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\n‫ اﻟ‬A‫اﻳ‬z‫ وﻣ‬rfO‫ة اﻟ‬rk‫ﻓ‬
‫ي‬rK‫ اﻟﻌ‬rsk‫اع اﻟ‬rt‫ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‬r‫ﻞ اﻟﻌ‬S‫ﻓ‬
‫ب‬As‫اب اﻟﺤ‬w‫ أﺑ‬1
‫ﻦ‬y‫ﺋ‬dtbml‫ ﻟ‬A‫ﻫ‬d‫اﺋ‬w‫ب وﻓ‬rS‫ﻊ واﻟ‬m‫ق اﻟﺠ‬rV ‫ا‬
Tbsn‫„ اﻟ‬w‫ب ﺑﺤ‬
‫ﺄﻳﻦ‬W‫ اﻟﺨ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV —
‹Afk‫ اﻟ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV ‫د‬
‫ة‬r‫ اﺑﻦ ﻗ‬T‫ﻳ‬r\‫ وﻧ‬T‫ﺑ‬A‫ﺤ‬tm‫اد اﻟ‬d‫‹ اﻷﻋ‬A‫ﻳ‬r\‫ ﻧ‬2
‹Ay‫اﻟ‬wtm‫ اﻟ‬3
‹‫ﻻ‬wh‫ﺠ‬m‫ا— اﻟ‬r‫ﺨ‬tF‫ا‬
Hk‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ﻞ ﺑ‬m‫ اﻟﻌ‬Tq‫ﻳ‬rV
rb‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
TFdnh‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬
‹A“l“m‫ب ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬r›‫ﻣﺂ‬

.)1(
.‫ا‬
.‫ب‬
.—

.‫د‬
.‫ه‬
.)2(
.)3(
.)4(

While the four levels of a Farsi enumerate environment looks like this. We use the same
Arabic text as the above example of enumeration, supposing it’s Farsi.

. ‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
: ‫إذا ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻌﺮب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯽ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﺮأ ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﯽ‬
‫ ﻣﺂﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬.(۱)
‫ ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم‬.‫ا‬
‫ ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی‬.‫ب‬
‫ ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی‬.‫پ‬
‫ أﺑﻮاب اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬۱
‫ا ﻃﺮق اﻟﺠﻤﻊ واﻟﻀﺮب وﻓﻮاﺋﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﯿﻦ‬
‫ب ﺑﺤﻮث اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫پ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﻪ اﻟﺨﻄﺄﯾﻦ‬

‫‪The Arabi system‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ث‪.‬‬
‫)‪.(۲‬‬
‫)‪.(۳‬‬
‫)‪.(۴‬‬

‫ت ﻃﺮﯾﻘﻪ اﻟﻜﻔﺎت‬
‫‪ ۲‬ﻧ[ﺮﯾﺎت اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺎﺑﻪ وﻧ[ﺮﯾﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻗﺮه‬
‫‪ ۳‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻻت‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺂﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﻟﺠﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺂﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺂﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت‬

‫‪You must have noticed the, for the moment, we use the same form for the counters of the‬‬
‫‪second and fourth levels of the enumerate environment. This should be fixed in the next version‬‬
‫‪according to what is done in the standard Arabic literature. The same are used for Farsi with‬‬
‫‪the exception that extended Arabo-Indic digits are used instead of Arabo-Indic digits.‬‬
‫‪Description environment. Concerning the description environment, the syntax is also‬‬
‫‪standard. All you have to do is to precede it with a \selectlanguage{arabic} or \selectlanguage{farsi}.‬‬
‫‪It looks like:‬‬

‫ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ‪ :‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م‬
‫ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ‬
‫وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع‬
‫اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م‬
‫اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ وأﻧ‪w‬اع اﻷ‪C‬ﻗ‪A‬م ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟ‪rt‬ﻗ‪y‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ‪ :‬ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪rk‬ة اﻟ‪ rfO‬وﻣ‪z‬اﻳ‪ A‬اﻟ‪A\n‬م‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي‬
‫ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ‪ :‬ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪rsk‬‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي ﻓ‪S‬ﻞ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ب ﻓﻲ اﺧ‪rt‬اع اﻟ‪ rsk‬اﻟﻌ‪rK‬ي‬
‫‪If we use the same Arabic text as the above example of description, supposing it’s Farsi.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اول ‪ :‬ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم‬
‫ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ‬

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‫ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﻗﺎم‬
‫ﻧ[ﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دوم ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﺼﻔﺮ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻨ[ﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮی‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب‬
‫ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب‬
‫ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﯽ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻌﺸﺮی‬

‫‪5.4. More Displayed Material‬‬
‫‪Quotations. Concerning quotations there is nothing special neither, except that it is typeset‬‬
‫‪from Right-to-Left of course. Of course, you type it like you do for Latin text with LATEX. Here is‬‬
‫‪a little example.‬‬

‫‪ . . .‬اﻟﺤ‪ ü dm‬اﻟ‪rfnm‬د ﺑ‪mFA‬ﻪ اﻻ‪ , YmF‬اﻟ‪m‬ﺨ‪ Pt‬ﺑ‪A‬ﻟﻌ‪ z‬اﻷﺣ‪ , Ym‬اﻟ@ي ﻟ‪ Hy‬دوﻧﻪ ﻣ‪Yhtn‬‬
‫وﻻو‪C‬اءه ﻣ‪r‬ﻣ‪ , Y‬و‪F‬ﻊ ﻛﻞ ‪J‬ﺊ ‪C‬ﺣ‪ Tm‬وﻋ‪ , Aml‬وا‪bF‬ﻎ ﻋ‪ Yl‬اوﻟ‪Ay‬ﺋﻪ ﻧﻌ‪ Am‬ﻋ‪ , Am‬ﺗ‪CAb‬ك ا‪mF‬ﻪ ‪ ,‬وﺗ‪m‬ﺖ‬
‫ﻛ‪ml‬ﻪ ‪ ,‬وﻋ‪m‬ﺖ ﻧﻌ‪m‬ﻪ ‪ ,‬وﺟ‪m‬ﺖ ﺣ‪mk‬ﻪ ‪ ,‬وﺟ‪r‬ى ﺑ‪ Am‬ﻛ‪A‬ن وﻳ‪wk‬ن ﻗ‪ml‬ﻪ ‪ ,‬وا‪ dhJ‬ان ‪dyF‬ﻧ‪ A‬ﻣﺤ‪dm‬ا‬
‫اﻟ‪bn‬ﻲ اﻻﻣﻲ اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ اﻟ‪mJAh‬ﻲ اﻟ‪Jrq‬ﻲ ﻋ‪db‬ه و‪wFC‬ﻟﻪ‪ ,‬ا‪lFC‬ﻪ ﺑ‪d‬ﻳﻦ اﻟ‪dh‬ى ﻟ‪rh\y‬ه ﻋ‪AF Yl‬ﺋ‪ r‬اﻻدﻳ‪A‬ن ‪ ,‬واﻳ‪d‬ه‬
‫ﺑ‪A‬ﻟ‪rq‬آن اﻟ‪m‬ﻌﺠ‪z‬ة اﻟﺨ‪A‬ﻟ‪d‬ة اﻟ‪rmtsm‬ة ﻋ‪ Yl‬ﺗﻌ‪A‬ﻗﺐ اﻻ‪E‬ﻣ‪A‬ن ‪ ,‬و‪mR‬ﻦ ﺣ‪\f‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗ‪rW‬ق اﻟ‪t‬ﻐ‪ ryy‬اﻟ‪y‬ﻪ واﻟﺤ‪A›d‬ن‬
‫‪ Yl} ,‬ا‪ ü‬و‪lF‬ﻢ ﻋ‪yl‬ﻪ }ﻼة ﺗ‪wk‬ن ﻟﻪ ‪ , ARC‬وﻟﺤ‪ Tq‬اداء ‪ ,‬وﻛ‪ Am‬ﻫ‪ w‬اﻫ‪l‬ﻪ داﺋ‪ Am‬واﺑ‪d‬ا ‪. . .‬‬
‫‪And as we did above, we use a Farsi text about “Hurricane Rita” which is nearing the coasts‬‬
‫‪of the southern states of the US, is again plunging the residents of the southern states of the US like‬‬
‫‪Louisiana, Texas and Florida into horror.‬‬

‫‪ . . .‬ﻃﻮﻓﺎن » رﯾﺘﺎ « ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ اﯾﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ آﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ﻧﺰدﯾﻚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﺎر دﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن اﯾﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ آﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ﻧ[ﯿﺮ » ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺰﯾﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﮕﺰاس و ﻓﻠﻮرﯾﺪا « را در وﺣﺸﺖ ﻓﺮو ﺑﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻧﯽ ﺳﯽانان اﻋﻼم ﻛﺮد‪ :‬ﭘﺲ از آﻧﻜﻪ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻣﺮﮔﺒﺎر » ﻛﺎﺗﺮﯾﻨﺎ « ﭼﻨﺪی ﭘﯿﺶ‬
‫اﯾﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ آﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ﻧ[ﯿﺮ ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺰﯾﺎﻧﺎ و ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی واﻗﻊ در اﯾﻦ اﯾﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻮن ﻧﯿﻮاورﻟﺌﺎن و »‬

The Arabi system

37

‫ اﻛﻨﻮن ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك و ﻗﻮی دﯾﮕﺮی ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮن روژ « را درﻧﻮردﯾﺪ و آﻧﻬﺎ را وﯾﺮان ﻛﺮد‬
. . . .‫را در وﺣﺸﺖ ﻓﺮو ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ‬
5.5. Footnotes
Footnotes in Arabic and Farsi are also supported. The footnote text and footnote rule appear
on the right side of the page as they should, like in the example below.
One problem with mixing Arabic Right-to-Left scripts with Latin ones is that the footnote
commands issued in a mixed-script environments have to share the same separator line which
depends on the current language when the page is output. So you have to choose a direction for
your footnotes when you are typing. For example when you are in an Arabic page try to issue a
footnote and inside use the control sequence \textLR to get Latin text instead of switching the
language back and forth.

‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻒ‬yW‫ ﻟ‬A‫ﻢ ﻳ‬hl‫ﻧﻚ اﻟ‬w‫ﻋ‬
‹A‫ﻓ‬AR‫ه ﻣﻦ إ‬EA‫ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠ‬A‫ل ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌ\ﻢ ﻣ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ﺑﻞ ﻟﻼ‬A‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗ‬,T‫وﻧ‬rm‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬ryb‫ ﻛ‬Cdq‫ﻊ ﺑ‬tmt‫ﻻ وﻳ‬wm‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﺤ‬wk‫ ﺑ‬zymt‫م ﻳ‬A\n‫ﻫ@ا اﻟ‬
Tmlk‫وف ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬r‫ل اﻟﺤ‬AkJ‫ أ‬d‫ﻳ‬d‫ﺤ‬t‫ﺟﻲ ﻟ‬CA‫ﻟ– ﺧ‬A‫ أي ﻣﻌ‬Y‫— إﻟ‬At‫ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤ‬Y‫ إﻟ‬T‫ﻓ‬AR‫ إ‬. )1(‫ﺦ‬y‫ﻟﻢ ﺗ‬A‫ة ﻓﻲ ﻋ‬d‫ﻋ‬As‫اﻣ– ﻣ‬r‫وﺑ‬
.
:‫ﻪ‬fy‫ﻖ وﻫ@ا ﺗﺄﻟ‬l‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤ‬Ah‫ﺟ‬r‫ ﻣﺨ‬Cd‫ ﻗ‬Yl‫ ﻋ‬Ah‫ﻌ‬Rw‫ ﻓ‬,„ ,‹ ,‫ ب‬,‫ﻞ أ‬yl‫ﺐ اﻟﺨ‬l‫ ﻗ‬...
,‫ و‬,‫ م‬,‫ ب‬,‫ ف‬,‫ ن‬,‫ ل‬,C ,Ð ,„ ,_ ,‹ ,‫ د‬,‫ ط‬,E ,x ,Q ,| ,M ,— ,‫ ك‬,‫ ق‬,‫ غ‬,‫ خ‬,‫ ﻫ‬,‫ ح‬,‫ع‬
.) ü‫ ا‬Tm‫ﺣ‬C þ ‫ي‬rOb‫ اﻟ‬dm‫ﻞ ﺑﻦ أﺣ‬yl‫ﺨ‬l‫ﻦ ﻟ‬y‫ب اﻟﻌ‬At‫ ﻛ‬T‫ﻣ‬dq‫)( ﻣﻦ ﻣ‬2(.‫ة‬zm‫ ﻫ‬þ ‫ ي‬,‫أ‬
And some Farsi footnotes too:

‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻮﻧﻚ اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬
‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌ[ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠﺎزه ﻣﻦ إﺿﺎﻓﺎت وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬،‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ[ﺎم ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻻ وﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﻪ‬
. ‫ إﺿﺎﻓﻪ إﻟﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ أی ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻓﯽ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬. (۳(‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪه ﻓﯽ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﯿﺦ‬
|r‫ ﻓ‬Aht‫ﻓ‬r‫ وﻣﻌ‬,‫ﻳﻦ‬d‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻐ‬l‫ اﻟ‬Hf‫ﻢ أن ﻧ‬l‫ (واﻋ‬: )‫ﻢ‬yqtsm‫اط اﻟ‬rO‫ء اﻟ‬ASt‫ﺑﻪ (اﻗ‬At‫ ﻓﻲ ﻛ‬Tymy‫م اﺑﻦ ﺗ‬A‫ل اﻹﻣ‬wq‫ ﻳ‬. Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ ﺑ‬T‫ﻟ‬A‫)ﻫ@ه إﺣ‬1(
.)‫ واﺟﺐ‬wh‫اﺟﺐ إﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻓ‬w‫ﻢ اﻟ‬t‫ ﻻ ﻳ‬A‫ وﻣ‬,Tns‫ب واﻟ‬Atk‫ﻢ اﻟ‬h‫واﺟﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻓ‬
‫ أي أن‬,Ah‫اﺑ‬r‫ إﻋ‬Tyfy‫ وﻛ‬,‹Amlk‫ اﻟ‬r‫ أواﺧ‬XbR‫ و‬,Tlm‫ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠ‬Tml‫ ﻛﻞ ﻛ‬TfyZ‫ و‬d‫ﻳ‬d‫ﺤ‬t‫ ﺑ‬w‫ﺤ‬n‫ اﻟ‬d‫اﻋ‬w‫ ﻗ‬Pt‫ ﺗﺨ‬. Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ى ﺑ‬r‫ أﺧ‬T‫ﻟ‬A‫)وﻫ@ه إﺣ‬2(
‫ﻞ‬kJ ry‫ﻐ‬t‫ (أي ﻻ ﻳ‬Tynb‫ ﻣ‬Ah‫” أﻧ‬y‫ أو ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬Tlm‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠ‬Ah‫ﻗﻌ‬w‫ ﻣ‬ry‫ﻐ‬t‫ ﺑ‬A‫ﻫ‬r‫ﻞ آﺧ‬kJ ry‫ﻐ‬t‫ (أي ﻳ‬T‫ﺑ‬r‫ ﻣﻌ‬Ah‫” أﻧ‬y‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬Tmlkl‫ ﻟ‬r\n‫ ﺗ‬w‫ﺤ‬n‫ اﻟ‬d‫اﻋ‬w‫ﻗ‬
Pt‫ﻢ ﻳﺨ‬l‫ ﻋ‬wh‫) (ﻓ‬Pqn‫دة أو اﻟ‬A‫ﻳ‬z‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﺑ‬ry‫ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐ‬Ahyl‫أ ﻋ‬rW‫ ﻳ‬A‫ وﻣ‬Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬Tmlk‫ اﻟ‬Tynb‫ ﺑ‬Pt‫ اﻟ@ي ﻳﺨ‬,‫ف‬rO‫ﻢ اﻟ‬l‫ﻦ ﻋ‬y‫ﻪ وﺑ‬ny‫ﻳﻖ ﺑ‬rf‫) وﻫ@ا ﺗ‬Ah‫ﻗﻌ‬w‫ ﻣ‬ry‫ﻐ‬t‫ ﺑ‬A‫ﻫ‬r‫آﺧ‬
A‫ﻫ‬r‫ﻞ آﺧ‬kJ ‫ﻢ وﻻ دﺧﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ‬lk‫ اﻟ‬Tyn‫م أﺑ‬A\n‫ﺑ‬
‫ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺮض‬،‫ )واﻋﻠﻢ أن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﻪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬: (‫ ﯾﻘﻮل اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﯿﻪ ﻓﯽ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ )اﻗﺘﻀﺎء اﻟﺼﺮاط اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬. ‫(ﻫﺬه إﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ‬۳(
.(‫ وﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ إﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ واﺟﺐ‬،‫واﺟﺐ ﻓﯽ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪38‬‬

‫‪ ...‬ﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻞ أ‪ ،‬ب‪ ،‬ت‪ ،‬ث‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻖ وﻫﺬا ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ع‪ ،‬ح‪ ،‬ﻫ‪ ،‬خ‪ ،‬غ‪ ،‬ق‪ ،‬ك‪ ،‬ج‪ ،‬ش‪ ،‬ض‪ ،‬ص‪ ،‬س‪ ،‬ز‪ ،‬ط‪ ،‬د‪ ،‬ت‪ ،‬ظ‪ ،‬ث‪ ،‬ذ‪ ،‬ر‪ ،‬ل‪ ،‬ن‪ ،‬ف‪ ،‬ب‪ ،‬م‪ ،‬و‪ ،‬أ‪ ،‬ی ـ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰه‪ )(۴(.‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮی ـ رﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ (‪.‬‬

‫(‪(۴‬وﻫﺬه إﺣﺎﻟﻪ أﺧﺮﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﺘﺺ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﺿﺒﻂ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‪ ،‬وﻛﯿﻔﯿﻪ إﻋﺮاﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أی أن ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺗﻨ[ﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﻪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﺑﻪ )أی ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ آﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ أو ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﯿﻪ )أی ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫آﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ( وﻫﺬا ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻨﻪ وﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﺮف‪ ،‬اﻟﺬی ﯾﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺒﻨﯿﻪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﻪ وﻣﺎ ﯾﻄﺮأ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﯾﺎده أو اﻟﻨﻘﺺ( )ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﯾﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻨ[ﺎم أﺑﻨﯿﻪ اﻟﻜﻠﻢ وﻻ دﺧﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﯽ ﺷﻜﻞ آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬

CHAPTER 6

Arabi Localisation
‫ﻼف‬t‫ واﺧ‬z‫ﻳ‬Am‫ﺗ‬

:‫ اﻟﻌﺠﻢ‬Ty‫ ﺑﻼﻣ‬T‫وﻓ‬r‫ﻌ‬m‫ﻪ اﻟ‬ty‫اﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻻﻣ‬r‫ﻐ‬W‫ل اﻟ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻞ‬þþþþþþþþsk‫ﻟ‬A‫ء ﺑ‬rm‫ي اﻟ‬r‫ﻟﻲ وﻳﻐ‬Aþ þþþþþþ‫ﻌ‬m‫ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬

‫ﻪ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþb‫ﺣ‬A} ‫ﻲ ﻫﻢ‬n“‫ ﻳ‬Tþþþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻼﻣ‬s‫ﺣﺐ اﻟ‬

‫ل‬zþþþþþþt‫ واﻋ‬w‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ‬AþþþþþþmlF ‫| أو‬C‫ﻓﻲ اﻷ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþqf‫ﺗﺨ@ ﻧ‬A‫ﻪ ﻓ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþy‫ﺤﺖ إﻟ‬n‫ﻓﺈن ﺟ‬

‫ﻞ‬þþþþþþþþþþþm‫ة اﻟﺤ‬C‫ دا‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻣ‬w‫ ﻳ‬HmK‫ح اﻟ‬rb‫ﻟﻢ ﺗ‬

Yn‫غ ﻣ‬wþþþþþþþþl‫ﺄوى ﺑ‬m‫ف اﻟ‬rJ ‫ن ﻓﻲ‬Aþþþþþþþþ‫ ﻛ‬w‫ﻟ‬

‫ل‬dþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþt‫ﻌ‬m‫— ﺑ‬w‫ﺑﻖ ﻣﻌ‬AþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþW‫وﻫﻞ ﻳ‬

‫ﻢ‬h‫ ﻛ@ﺑ‬xAþþþþþþþþþþþn‫ اﻟ‬dn‫ﻚ ﻋ‬þþþþþþþþþþþ‫ﻗ‬d} ‫ﺄن‬J‫و‬

‫ل‬wþþþþþþþþþ‫ واﻟﺨ‬CAþþþþþþþþþO‫ اﻷﻧ‬Y‫ﻪ إﻟ‬y‫— ﻓ‬Aþþþþþþþþþt‫ﻳﺤ‬

‫ﻪ وﻻ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþyl‫ ﻋ‬YK‫ ﻻ ﻳﺨ‬T‫ﻋ‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþþnq‫ﻚ اﻟ‬l‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻞ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþqtn‫ ﻣ‬ry‫ﻞ ﻏ‬þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ\‫ﻌﺖ ﺑ‬mF ‫ﻞ‬h‫ﻓ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþh‫‹ ﻟ‬Ab› ‫ ﻻ‬C‫ا‬d‫ء ﺑ‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþqb‫ اﻟ‬w‫ﺟ‬r‫ﺗ‬

In this chapter, we will see some of the main issues that should be addressed in a
language package, both for Arabic and Farsi.

BABEL

6.1. Arabic and Farsi captions
The Arabic and Farsi captions used actually are summarized in the Table 6.1 on page 40).
Those that are not defined yet are replaced with stars.
6.2. Arabic and Farsi dates
The names of the months used in each language are summarized in Table 6.2 on page 41.
The Arabic form is just an Arabic form of the Western month used in the middle east. That is
the Arabic date is just, the standard one expressed in Arabic:
Today is December 16, 2006
Today in Arabic is

2006 ‫ن اﻷول‬w‫ﻧ‬A‫ ﻛ‬16

The Farsi date, that uses Jalali calendar, is different. The Jalali calendar is the official one used
in Iran, it’s a solar calendar with its own leap years!
The code used is the one developed by the FarsiTEX ‫ﺗﻚ‬
‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬team, we just rewrote the names
of the months to be usable with Arabi correctly:
39

40

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
Command
\prefacename
\refname

English
Preface
References

\abstractname
\bibname
\chaptername
\appendixname
\contentsname

Abstract
Bibliography
Chapter
Appendix
Contents

\listfigurename List of Figures
\listtablename List of Tables
\indexname
Index
\figurename
\tablename
\partname
\enclname
\ccname
\headtoname
\pagename
\seename

Figure
Table
Part
encl
cc
To
Page
see

\alsoname
\proofname
\glossaryname

see also
Proof
Glossary

Ty‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟﻌ‬A‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺧﻞ‬d‫ﻣ‬
***
‫اﺟﻊ‬rm‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
P‫ﺨ‬l‫ﻣ‬
‫ﭼﻜﯿﺪه‬
C‫د‬AOm‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎبﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ب‬Ab‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺤﻖ‬lm‫اﻟ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‬
xrhf‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟ‬
‫ل‬AkJ‫ اﻷ‬Tm‫ﺋ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ اﺷﻜﺎل‬
‫اول‬d‫ اﻟﺠ‬Tm‫ﺋ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺟﺪاول‬
xrhf‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ اﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ اﻟ‬
‫ﻞ‬kJ
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ول‬d‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﻢ‬sq‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‹Aq‫ﻓ‬rm‫اﻟ‬
***
Y‫ إﻟ‬Th‫ﺟ‬w‫ ﻣ‬T‫ﺨ‬s‫ﻧ‬
***
Y‫إﻟ‬
***
T‫ﺤ‬f}
***
‫اﺟﻊ‬C
***
AS‫اﺟﻊ أﻳ‬C
***
‫ن‬A‫ﻫ‬r‫ﺑ‬
***
xw‫ﻣ‬A‫ﻗ‬
***

Table 6.1: Captions in Arabic and Farsi

Today is December 16, 2006
Today in Farsi is

۱۳۸۵ ‫ آذر‬۲۵

You can access the Arabic and Farsi dates even if not in an Arabic or Farsi document using
the control sequences \atoday and \ftoday respectively.
You can also access the names of the Arabic and Farsi months using the control sequences
\arabimonth{month_number} and \farsimonth{month_number} where month_number is of course
a number between 1 and 12.
Notice that the current number order in the Jalali Calendar is not at the same order in the
Western usual Gregorian calendar. Just compare the name of the month given by the Farsi date
command seen above and

\farsimonth{\month}

that gives

‫اﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬

The Arabi system

41

Month

Arabic name in
the Middle East

Arabic name in
North Africa

Jalali Calendar
Local Official in Iran

1

‫ﻧﻲ‬A“‫ن اﻟ‬w‫ﻧ‬A‫ﻛ‬
‫ط‬AbJ
C‫ا‬Ð‫آ‬
‫ن‬Asy‫ﻧ‬
CA‫أﻳ‬
‫ان‬r‫ﻳ‬z‫ﺣ‬
Ewm‫ﺗ‬
‫آب‬
‫ل‬wl‫أﻳ‬
‫ﻳﻦ اﻷول‬rK‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧﻲ‬A“‫ﻳﻦ اﻟ‬rK‫ﺗ‬
‫ن اﻷول‬w‫ﻧ‬A‫ﻛ‬

r‫ﻳ‬An‫ﻳ‬
r‫اﻳ‬rb‫ﻓ‬
xCA‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻳﻞ‬r‫اﺑ‬
‫ي‬A‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ﻧ‬w‫ﻳ‬
Ewy‫ﻟ‬w‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺖ‬K‫ﻏ‬
rbntJ
r‫ﺑ‬wt‫اﻛ‬
rb‫ﻧ‬w‫ﻧ‬
rbmF‫د‬

‫ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ‬
‫اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺮداد‬
‫ﺗﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮداد‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮ‬
‫آﺑﺎن‬
‫آذر‬
‫دی‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
‫اﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Table 6.2: Arabic and Farsi month names

6.3. The Arabi abjad numeration system
The old abjad numerals used in medieval Arabic texts known in Arabic as ‫ﻞ‬m‫ب اﻟﺠ‬As‫ ﺣ‬is also
supported. It is widely used even these days to enumerate items in Arabic texts, so we need it to
“arabize” the enumerate environment (You may see Table 6.3). The Farsi documents, we could
see seem to use just a Farsi form of the \alph counter, that is the Farsi Alphabet in order. You can
use it to write numbers in abjad notation using the control sequence \abjadnumeral{number} .
The result is different according to the context: Arabic or Farsi!
The control sequence \abjadnumeral is equivalent in the Farsi case to \Fabjadnumeral
and in all other cases to \Aabjadnumeral. And the two are completely different!
As it may be wanted, the abjad notation can also be used with the control sequence \pagenumbering
to get page numbers in abjad notation, like \pagenumbering{abjad} .
The Arabic case. In the Arabic language case, you can use the control sequence \abjadnumeral{number}
to write numbers between 1 and 1999. You may use also the control sequence \Aabjadnumeral{number}
that would produce Arabic abjad notation in all cases. The version with an additional letter capital A, is just in case you have some doubts.
You may use it like in \Aabjadnumeral{1970} to produce

‫ ﻏ\ﻊ‬.

If you use a number that is greater or equal to 2000, the control sequence \Aabjadnumeral
will return the argument written in Arabo-Indic, as with \abjadnumeral{2568} for example, to
get 2568 .
The coding of the macros that produce abjad numerals profited a lot from similar one from
the Greek package that supports BABEL. Many thanks to whom developed it!

42

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
abjad
numeral

Value

abjad
numeral

Value

abjad
numeral

Value

‫ا‬
‫ب‬
—
‫د‬
‫ه‬
‫و‬
E
‫ح‬
‫ط‬

1
2
3

‫ي‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫م‬
‫ن‬
x
‫ع‬
‫ف‬
Q

10
20
30

‫ق‬
C
M
‹
„
‫خ‬
Ð
|
_

100
200
300

4
5
6
7
8
9

40
50
60
70
80
90

abjad
numeral

Value

‫غ‬

1000
—
1970

—

‫ﻏ\ﻊ‬

400
500
600
700
800
900

Table 6.3: Arabic abjad numerals

The Farsi case. The Farsi documents, we could see seem to use just a Farsi form of the
\alph counter, that is the Farsi Alphabet in order. The additional characters are added where it
seems appropriate, nevertheless, the two letters w āw ‫ و‬and h ā- ‫( ه‬If we assimilate the Farsi one
to its Arabic counter part) have a reversed order comparing to the Arabic alphabet order!
You can use it to write numbers between 1 and 32 using the control sequence, if you are in a
Farsi context, \abjadnumeral{number} like in \abjadnumeral{17} to produce ‫ ص‬. Otherwise
you will have to use the control sequence \Fabjadnumeral , this will work in all cases too.
If you use a number that is greater or equal to 33, the control sequence \abjadnumeral will
return the argument written in Extended Arabo-Indic, as with \abjadnumeral{36} for example,
to get ۳۶ .
abjad
numeral

‫ا‬
‫ب‬
‫پ‬
‫ت‬
‫ث‬
‫ج‬
‫چ‬
‫ح‬
‫خ‬

Value

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

abjad
numeral

‫د‬
‫ذ‬
‫ر‬
‫ز‬
‫ژ‬
‫س‬
‫ش‬
‫ص‬
‫ض‬

Value

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

abjad
numeral

‫ط‬
‫ظ‬
‫ع‬
‫غ‬
‫ف‬
‫ق‬
‫ك‬
‫گ‬
‫ل‬

Value

19
20
21
22

abjad
numeral

‫م‬
‫ن‬
‫و‬
‫ه‬
‫ی‬

Value

28
29
30
31

23
24

—

32
—

25

۳۶

36

26
27

Table 6.4: Farsi abjad numerals

The Arabi system

43

Figure 6.1: How Mathematics are written in the Farsi editor

6.4. Farsi mathematics
Farsi mathematics are in fact Left-to-Right mathematics with Farsi digits and operators
names in Farsi like in:

۱
‫ﺣــــﺪ‬
n!¥ n

=

‫ ﺣــــﺪ‬sin x =

۱(
۴

or
x

!p/۱۰

۰

p

۵ ۱)

To write formulae like these with Arabi, one had to use Farsi boxes to protect Farsi operator
names and digits. For operator names this is the usual way of FarsiTEX to whom Farsi users are
used to, We suppose, so it will just seem usual. But with FarsiTEX, digits in mathematical mode
were automatically typeset in Farsi.
We add with this version 1.1 of Arabi this functionality, i.e., when the users switch to the
Farsi language mode, he/she will gets automatically Farsi digits in mathematical mode, and the
normal behavior, i.e. Arabic digits will be used when he/she exits from Farsi (see the following
two figures from the paper [1] by Esfahbod and Pournader).
For example, if you type $x^{24}$ or $y_{56}$ inside a Farsi context you will get x۲۴ or
y۵۶ , and if the control sequence \had stands for the limit \lim defined by

\def\had{\mathop{\FRmbox{‫}}ﺣــــﺪ‬
We should get in displayed equations things like these.
This is the normal behavior in a Farsi context

\[

44

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

Figure 6.2: And how they should appear once typeset

\had_{x\to\pi/\!10}\sin x = \frac{1}{4}(\sqrt{5}-1)
\]
gives

‫ ﺣــــﺪ‬sin x =

x

!p/۱۰

۱ p
( ۵
۱)
۴

If for some reason you want Arabic digits inside mathematical mode in a Farsi context, just
type

\arabicmathdigits
\[
\had_{x\to\pi/\!10}\sin x = \frac{1}{4}(\sqrt{5}-1)
\]
and you will get

‫ ﺣــــﺪ‬sin x =

x

!p/10

p

1
( 5
4

1)

And you can reverse again to Farsi digits by typing

\farsimathdigits
\[
\had_{x\to\pi/\!10}\sin x = \frac{1}{4}(\sqrt{5}-1)
\]
to get

‫ ﺣــــﺪ‬sin x =

x

!p/۱۰

۱ p
( ۵
۱)
۴

The user has control on these two possibilities, and can choose the one that fits him/her.
We have two control sequences that can be used anywhere in the text. The control sequence
\farsimathdigits switches to Farsi digits in Mathematical mode, while \arabicmathdigits
restores the normal behavior.
We could easily add the possibility to allow typing Arabic and Farsi letters inside mathematical formulae, but Arabic and Farsi words shall not be displayed in Right-to-Left and hence

The Arabi system

45

will appear incorrect because #-TEX does not allow \BeginL, \BeginR, \endL and \endR in mathematical mode!
At this stage, we do not want to introduce in Arabi a reversing macro à la Knuth and McKay.
Using a Farsi mbox for that purpose in not really a problem since it will be done just once when
defining the operator.
6.5. Transliteration signs and standards

Arabi comes with a very experimental module that produces a transliteration of Arabic texts.
No counter part has been done for Farsi yet! We hope that it will be useful to people who study
Arabic.
When texts are in general not fully vowelized, the transliteration cannot be expected to
be correct. Moreover, when writing using some 8-bit input encoding (CP 1256, ISO 8859-6 or
UTF-8) there is absolutely no way to distinguish between long vowels ‫ و ي ا‬and the letters alif,
yaa and waw. Neither, it is possible to write correctly the hamza when on - ali f , w āw, or y ā- (See
also page 24).
In the case we develop enough the ASCII input encoding of
fully functional!

Arabi, this module might be

To use it, just load the package translit it as any other package, and type Arabic text in 8
bits in a Latin context, that is you will have to write using Arabic characters without issuing a
command that switches to the Arabic language to get it to work. And you have not to type any
particular command!
1 -abw āl ,l ā- ālm,ry
2 wl ā tat.ayr, -i d¯ā m ā n ā,ibuN n,b ā
3 matnuN mub ārakuN
4 h. ǧ mbrwr

‫ي‬r‫ﻌ‬m‫ اﻟﻌﻼء اﻟ‬w‫أﺑ‬
Ab‫ﻋﺐ ﻧﻌ‬A‫ ﻧ‬A‫ا ﻣ‬Ð‫ إ‬,ryW‫وﻻ ﺗ‬
‫ك‬CAb‫ﻦ ﻣ‬t‫ﻣ‬
C‫و‬rb‫ﺣ– ﻣ‬

1
2
3
4

Table 6.5: A little example of transliteration

6.6. Special characters
We define now some special characters that may be rendered using Arabi.
1.

Arabi defines the control sequence \allah that works both in Farsi and Arabic modes to
print the symbol used to specify the name of GOD
āll āh ‫ اﷲ‬T‫ﻢ اﻟﺠﻼﻟ‬F‫إ‬.
For the moment, we did not provide the Arabic fonts with this symbol yet, so if the
font (in general, and this applies for now for ALL Arabic fonts) has no symbol ‫ ﷲ‬, it
just prints the word

ü‫ ا‬using the font nazli.

46

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
2.

Arabi defines the control sequence \rial in Farsi mode to print the Iranian currency rial

symbol ‫ ﷼‬. If the font has no symbol rial, it just prints the symbol rial from the font
nazli which has one for sure!

3.

Arabi defines also the control sequence \Decimal in both Arabic and Farsi modes to
print the Arabic decimal separator ٫ . There too, if the font has no symbol Arabic decimal
separator, it just prints the Arabic decimal separator symbol from the font nazli which
has.
For the moment, no macro has yet been implemented to manage automatically this
symbol. This will be done in a near future. If you need it, you should type it by hand.

CHAPTER 7

Arabi Features

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫‹ اﻟﻌ‬Ay}wO‫ﺧ‬
7.1. The fonts
With Arabi, we can use, in addition to (normal TEX) fonts in METAFONT format, Arabic fonts
in True Type and Postscript format too.
We made the choice to choose only good quality fonts that may be freely available to the users.
An exception is made for Microsoft Windows Arabic fonts that come with the system1, since we
suppose that many users of the Arabic script may have them and would certainly want to use
them. Some were made by well known fonts editors and are really of a good quality. Moreover,
these fonts contain in general enough characters to write the two scripts that interest us here!
Concerning the names of the fonts to use, we follow the standard naming scheme used by
LATEX. You can think of \textmybf and the old \bf changed now to \bfseries.
That means that we use for each existing font myfont, we provide two commands. The first
one has the form \textmyfont and takes as an argument the text that that follows like:

\textmyfont{The text to be written using the font myfont}
The second one has the form \myfont and takes no argument! It will apply to all the text that
that follows:

\myfont The text to be written using the font myfont...
In the documentation below, we will mention only the \textmyfont form. The other can
be deduced from the explained scheme.
7.2. Available Arabic fonts
The others used, actually, come from the GNU Arabic True type fonts distributed by Arabeyes
with and without their Arabic version of Linux. They can be downloaded freely on the net from
the Arabeyes project home page. We also may use the Omega project font for writing Arabic.
The font is, unfortunately, subdivided in three parts, and the first one that contains Arabic language specific glyphs does not contain the parentheses, the exclamation sign, the dollar sign,
the guillemots and the quotes. But it contains all the needed vowels, you may use it if you will
not use these signs. The fact that the glyphs needed for Farsi are in two different physical fonts
mean than no ligatures can be used unless we make virtual fonts.
1The default font for the moment is Traditional Arabic, from the Arabic fonts that come with Windows!

47

48

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

In a next version of Arabi we will try to add support for Farsi language also using this font
and manage to get all the needed glyphs!
Unfortunately, Microsoft fonts will not be included with the Arabi distribution, you are supposed to have them on your system or download them freely from Microsoft Homepage. But of
course, TeX fonts metrics and Font descriptions files are available with the distribution ready
to be used! If you want to use them in a Type 1 format with dvips, you should convert them
yourself, as the author did, using one of the many available tools! And of course make the
appropriate changes in the psfonts.map
LATEX arranges files in three families:
1. The Roman ones used for the main text,
2. the Type Writer Type family that simulates text written on a typewriter machine (this
is in general a Monospaced font) and a
3. Sans Serif family. And these families are subdivided in different shapes like bold, italic
and S MALL C APS.
We tried to make a choice as to which font use for each of these categories. There are two
main constraints:
1. First, the classical Arabic typography ignores such subdivision. We have some classical
fonts like naskhi, thuluth, reqaa, etc.
2. Second, the fonts actually available at the disposition of the author are either free or non
free, while he can distribute only the free ones!
So, we made a little choice of what font should occupy what position in this scheme imposed
by LATEX. Nevertheless, you have always the possibility to rearrange the fonts according to your
taste, needs and what fonts you have! An other remark is that we did not make slanted ones
from the ones we have already, this is possible and should be done in a next revision.
We provide the user who wants to typeset Arabic with a package ARfonts with three options that represent three categories in which we have already made such a choice, and which
constitutes a template that can be easily used and adapted to your needs. Just create a file
myfonts.sty copy one of these macros to it, modify it and load it whenever you want.
1. First, we have the option free that uses only Arabeyes free fonts, which logically should
be the default to get the system running from the beginning!
2. Then, we have mscore for Arabic Microsoft core that uses only Microsoft fonts, which
may be used if you like the fonts, but it’s not really the best one. Courier in Arabic is
not really a regal for the eyes, it has no kerning at all and the spacing seems correct. It
is definitely not the Latin font you know!
3. Of course, the third choice, mixed that uses as its name means both Arabeyes free fonts
and Arabic Microsoft ones. The font used as the Roman counter part with free is a little
bit heavy comparing to a font like Traditional Arabic!
Free download of the Arabic font pack from Microsoft (arafonts.exe). Click the download
button (marked ‫ﻞ‬ym‫ )ﺗﺤ‬to the left of the filename

http://office.microsoft.com/arabicregion/Downloads/2000/arafonts.aspx
The GNU Arabeyes fonts are distributed in both True Type format and Type 1 Postscript
(.PFB) format converted by the author!

The Arabi system

free
mscore
mixed

49

Roman (n)
b/bx, sl/it, sc
Almohanad
almateen, dimnah, nada
Traditional Arabic (TA)
TA bold, TA, Andalus
Traditional Arabic (TA)
TA bold, dimnah, nada

Typewriter Type (n)
Sans Serif (n)
b/bx, sl/it, sc
b/bx, sl/it, sc
nice (N)
Sindibad (S)
graph, N, N
S, S, S
Arial (A)
Simplified Arabic(SA)
A bold, A, Andalus
SA bold, SA, SA
nice (N)
Simplified Arabic(SA)
graph, N, N
SA bold, SA, SA

Table 7.1: The three font choices for Arabic

The following table (Table 7.2 on page 50) presents the fonts that are already available and
may be used with no problem with the Arabi system to write Arabic.

7.3. Available Farsi fonts
The following table (Table 7.3 on page 51) presents the fonts that are already available and
may be used with no problem with the Arabi system to write Farsi.
The same remark for Microsoft fonts, said in the former section, applies here too! The font
Farsi simple in its two forms is also available with the Arabic fonts pack available freely on their
site!
We use also some GNU fonts from the FarsiWeb project.
More fonts will be added in a next release!

As with Arabic, in Farsi too, we provide the user with with a package FRfonts with two
options that represent two categories, and which constitutes a template that can be easily used to
adapt it to your needs. Just create a file myfonts.sty copy one of these macros to it and modify
it and load it whenever you want.
1. First, we have free that uses only FarsiWeb free fonts, which logically should be the
default to get the system running from the beginning.
2. Then, we have \mscore for Arabic Microsoft core that uses only Microsoft fonts, which
may be used if you like the fonts. the Farsi simple font is really nice and looks like a
Nastaliq font. A similar free font (and others fonts) will be added in the next release! It
is used in this user guide as the Roman default font for Farsi.
7.4. How to get Outline fonts for free
If you want Outline fonts from existing ones, easily as a dvips feature.
The PaintType in a Postscript font has just to be changed from the default filled (0) to outlined
(2). You have to add the text "/PaintType 2 store" to the file psfonts.map, as in the following
example.

50

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

Latin Font Name

Command

Traditional Arabic
Traditional Arabic Bold
Simplified Arabic
Simplified Arabic Bold
Courier
Courier Bold
Arial (Times)
Arial (Times) Bold
Andalus

\texttrad
‫ي‬dylq‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\texttradb
‫د‬wF‫ي أ‬dylq‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textsimpl
Xsb‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textsimplb
‫د‬wF‫ أ‬Xsb‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textcour
‫ﻳﻲ‬Cw‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textcourbd
‫د‬wF‫ﻳﻲ أ‬Cw‫ﺗﺐ ﻛ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textarial
‫ل‬A‫ﻳ‬C‫أ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textarialbd
‫د‬wF‫ل أ‬A‫ﻳ‬C‫أ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textandalus
H‫ﻟ‬d‫أﻧ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
Arabeyes Project
\textthol
”l“‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textyerm
‫ك‬w‫ﻣ‬ry‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textmash
‫ﻖ‬Km‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\texthor
r‫اﻟﺤ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textbattar
CAtb‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textgranada
TVA‫ﻧ‬r‫ﻏ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
\textkayrawan
‫وان‬ryq‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬

Tholuth
Yermook
Mashq
Hor
Battar
Granada
Kayrawan
Dimnah
Sindibad
Graph
Nice
Almohanad
Almothnna
Almateen
Petra
Nada
Cortoba
Ostorah
Furat
Salem
Shado
Metal
Tarablus
Khalid
Sharjah
Hani
Ouhod
Rehan
Omega Arabic Bold

\textdimnah
\textsindibad
\textgraph
\textnice
\textmohanad
\textmothnna
\textmateen
\textpetra
\textnada
\textcortoba

Arabic Name
MicroSoft

Tn‫دﻣ‬
‫د‬A‫ﺑ‬dnF
‫اف‬r‫ﻛ‬
H‫ﻳ‬A‫ﻧ‬
dnhm‫اﻟ‬
Yn“m‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻦ‬ytm‫اﻟ‬
‫اء‬rtb‫اﻟ‬
‫ى‬d‫ﻧ‬
TbVr‫ﻗ‬
‫ة‬CwWF‫أ‬
‹‫ا‬rf‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬AF
‫ﻞ‬Z
‫ن‬d‫ﻣﻌ‬
Hl‫اﺑ‬rV
d‫ﻟ‬A‫ﺧ‬
T‫ﻗ‬CAK‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻧﻲ‬A‫ﻫ‬
d‫أﺣ‬
‫ن‬A‫ﻳﺤ‬C

\textostora
\textfurat
\textsalem
\textshado
\textmetal
\texttarablus
\textkhalid
\textsharjah
\texthani
\textouhod
\textrehan
Omega Arabic font
\textomegab
‫د‬wF‫ أ‬Aky‫أوﻣ‬

A Little Sample

‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬

Table 7.2: The fonts actually available with Arabic

‫ﺗﺐ‬Ak‫ اﻟ‬Tyl‫ ﺣ‬X‫ﻦ اﻟﺨ‬s‫ﺣ‬

The Arabi system

51

Latin Font Name

Command

Farsi Simple Bold

\textfrsimpl

Arabic Name
MicroSoft

A Little Sample

‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ أﺳﻮد‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﺠﻮف‬
‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ أﺳﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪی‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪی أﺳﻮد‬
‫ارﯾﺎل‬
‫ارﯾﺎل أﺳﻮد‬
H‫أﻧﺪﻟ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬

\textfrsimplout
Simplified Arabic
\textfrsimplarabic
Simplified Arabic Bold \textfrsimplarabicb
Traditional Arabic
\textftrad
Traditional Arabic Bold \textftradb
Arial (Times)
\textfrarial
Arial (Times) Bold
\textfrarialb
Andalus
\textfandalus
FarsiWeb Project
Nazli
\textnazli
‫ﻧﺎزﻟﯽ‬
Nazli Bold
\textnazlib
‫ﻧﺎزﻟﯽ أﺳﻮد‬
Nazli Outline
\textnazliout
Nazli Bold Outline
\textnazlibout
‫ﻧﺎزﻟﯽ أﺳﻮد ﻣﺠﻮف‬
Titr Bold
\texttitr
‫ﺗﯿﺘﺮ‬
Titr Bold Outline
\texttitrout
‫ﺗﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻮف‬
Homa
\texthoma
‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬
Farsi Simple Outline

‫ﻧﺎزﻟﯽ ﻣﺠﻮف‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬

Table 7.3: The fonts actually available with Farsi

free
mscore

Roman (n)
b/bx, sl/it, sc
Nazli (N)
Titr, N, N
Farsi Simple (FS)
FS out, FS, FS

Typewriter Type (n)
Sans Serif (n)
b/bx, sl/it, sc
b/bx, sl/it, sc
Homa (H)
Nazli bold (Nb)
H, H, H
Nb, Nb, Nb
Arial (A)
Simplified Arabic(SA)
A bold, A, Andalus
SA bold, SA, SA

Table 7.4: The two font choices for Farsi

For the font nazli, for example. You must make a copy of the nazli.tfm file into nazliout.tfm,
create the appropriate lfenazliout.fd, just like lfenazli.fd, and add a definition of the new
\textnazliout in the file farsifnt.sty like
% Nazli Outline (Normal)
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textnazliout}{\fontfamily{nazliout}\selectfont}

What makes the Magic happens is of course the following line, (the first one is here just to
guide you, you must enter a line similar to the second one), in psfonts.map.
nazli Nazli " FarsiWebEncoding ReEncodeFont "  ‫ﺦ‬y‫< ﺗ‬
‫ﻒ‬yfO‫د ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗ‬Cwf‫ﻧ‬AtF T‫ﻣﻌ‬A‫‹ > ﻣﻦ ﺟ‬wn‫ ﻛ‬d‫ﻟ‬A‫< دوﻧ‬
Yl‫ ﻋ‬,‫ء‬Aymyk‫ء واﻟ‬A‫ﻳ‬zyf‫‹ واﻟ‬AyRA‫ﻳ‬r‫ﻟ‬A‫ (ﻛ‬Tyml‫ا‹ اﻟﻌ‬dntsm‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻲ‬ml‫ﻊ اﻟﻌ‬mt‫ﺠ‬m‫ف اﻟ‬rO‫ﻌﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗ‬R‫) وو‬rO‫ل ﻻ اﻟﺤ‬A“m‫ﻞ اﻟ‬ybF
. ‫ﺑﻞ‬Aq‫دون ﻣ‬
Ty‫ﻧ‬Ak‫ إﻣ‬T‫ﻓ‬AR‫ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إ‬T‫ﻌ‬R‫ا‬wt‫ ﻣ‬Tm‫ﻫ‬As‫ﺑﻲ ﻣ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻣ‬EC
A‫ﻐﻼل ﻛﻞ ﻣ‬tF‫ﺦ ﻻ‬y‫م ﺗ‬A\‫ﺑﻲ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ) ﻣﻊ ﻧ‬r‫ﻦ(ﻋ‬yt‫ﻐ‬l‫ل اﻟ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ا‬
QwOn‫ﻒ اﻟ‬yfO‫‹ ﻓﻲ ﺗ‬Ay‫ﻧ‬Ak‫ ﻣﻦ إﻣ‬r‫اﺧ‬z‫ﻟﻢ اﻟ‬A‫ﻳﻪ ﻫ@ا اﻟﻌ‬wt‫ﻳﺤ‬
rKn‫م ﺑ‬wq‫ﻲ ﺗ‬t‫ اﻟ‬Tym‫ﻟ‬A‫‹ اﻟﻌ‬A‫ﺌ‬yh‫‹ واﻟ‬AsF‫ﺆ‬m‫ اﻟ‬CAyt‫ﻪ اﺧ‬tl‫ﺟﻌ‬
. ‫ه‬rF‫ﻟﻢ ﺑﺄ‬A‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ‬Tyml‫„ اﻟﻌ‬w‫ﺤ‬b‫اﻟ‬
Cdq‫ﻊ ﺑ‬tmt‫ﻻ وﻳ‬wm‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﺤ‬wk‫ ﺑ‬zymt‫م ﻳ‬A\n‫@ا اﻟ‬h‫ ﻓ‬, T‫اﻳ‬db‫@ اﻟ‬n‫وﻣ‬
‫ه‬EA‫ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠ‬A‫ل ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌ\ﻢ ﻣ‬Am‫ﻌ‬tF‫ﺑﻞ ﻟﻼ‬A‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗ‬, T‫وﻧ‬rm‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬ryb‫ﻛ‬
‫ أﻧﻪ ﻻ‬Y‫ إﻟ‬T‫ﻓ‬AR‫ ! إ‬A‫ﻫ‬r“‫ أﻛ‬A‫ة وﻣ‬d‫ﻋ‬As‫اﻣ– ﻣ‬r‫‹ وﺑ‬A‫ﻓ‬AR‫ﻣﻦ إ‬
‫وف ﻓﻲ‬r‫ل اﻟﺤ‬AkJ‫ أ‬d‫ﻳ‬d‫ﺤ‬t‫ﺟﻲ ﻟ‬CA‫ﻟ– ﺧ‬A‫ أي ﻣﻌ‬Y‫— إﻟ‬At‫ﻳﺤ‬
. Tmlk‫اﻟ‬

‫واﷲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎن‬

~
Figure 8.4: pgf and Arabi

If you were using the ASCII ArabTEX encoding, or you need a functionality that is not yet
implemented in Arabi or that ArabTEX does better, but you are interested in getting your Arabic
text typeset with Arabi, either for the available fonts, or just because you need to write your text
on some textpath with PSTricks for example. . .
Then, you have always the possibility to use your ArabTEX with Arabi in your documents
since Arabi is fully compatible with ArabTEX. You can get a look at the following example.
Nevertheless, you must not use the < and > symbols in your text. They are used in Arabi to
get the left and right Arabic double quotes!
There is only a little thing you have to bear in mind. ArabTEX supports Windows CP 1256,
ISO 8859-6 and Unicode UTF-8 encodings as well as the Mac Arabic encoding. There is only
one thing one should know. ArabTEX does not use the standard inputenc for that. It has its own
macros.

64

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

So, when you want to use 8-bit Arabic or Farsi text in some format, CP 1256, for example
in both arabtext environments and outside with Arabi, a clash will occur, both inputenc and
ArabTEX complaining! While you can use the arabtext environment with ASCII input encoding
without any problem!
The solution to this apparent problem is the following easy trick. Remember that ArabTEX
uses the control sequence

\setcode{encoding}
where encoding is either arabwin or cp1256 for Windows CP 1256, utf8 for UTF-8, or
iso8859-6 for ISO 8859-6. See the ArabTEX documentation for the details!
While, to switch between different encodings, inputenc uses the control sequence

\inputencoding{encoding}
So the solution is just to issue, at the beginning of you document either

\setcode{arabtex}
or

\setcode{none}
to hide Arabic characters you may type to ArabTEX.
And before any arabtext environment, type a command like

\inputencoding{latin1}
you may use latin1 or any other input encoding that does not support Arabic characters so
that any Arabic character you may type inside the arabtext environment will be invisible to
Arabi and LATEX 2# in general. And just inside issue a command

\setcode{cp1256}
of course you have to use the encoding you are using to type Arabic characters instead of
cp1256.
And after the arabtext environment, type a command like

\setcode{arabtex}
\inputencoding{cp1256}
or any input encoding other than CP 1256 you may use!
Get a look at the Examples 8.5 on page 65 and 8.6 on page 66.
But don’t forget after to deactivate ArabTEX Arabic input encoding and activate that of the
package inputenc:

\inputencoding{cp1256}
\setcode{arabtex}
The following text is produced in an arabtext environment with the options \transtrue
and \setmaghribi and \setcode{arabtex}. Some special characters input with two ASCII
characters in ArabTEX and few verses from Hyq‫ئ اﻟ‬r‫ اﻣ‬Tql‫ ﻣﻌ‬are typeset.

The Arabi system

65

ArabTEX and Arabi

‫ب ﺗﺦ‬r‫ﺑﻲ و ﻋ‬r‫اﻟﻌ‬

As an example the following text with Arabi using CP 1256:

\begin{center}
\selectlanguage{arabic}
{\Huge\dthuluth
T‫ﻣ‬EC ‫ل ﻣﻦ‬A“‫\ ﻣ‬textLR{\Arabi}

X‫ﻻﺣ^ اﻟﺨ‬
}
\end{center}
gives the following result:

X‫ ﻻﺣ^ اﻟﺨ‬Arabi T‫ﻣ‬EC ‫ل ﻣﻦ‬A“‫ﻣ‬
And now the following code with ArabTEX using the same CP 1256:

\selectlanguage{english}
\inputencoding{latin1}
\begin{center}
\begin{arabtext}
\setcode{cp1256}
{\Huge
T‫ﻣ‬EC ‫ل ﻣﻦ‬A“‫\< ﻣ‬ArabTeX>

X‫ﻻﺣ^ اﻟﺨ‬
}
\end{arabtext}
\end{center}
gives the following result:

¡mÌ '@ ¡kB

ArabTEX

éÓ PP áÓ ÈAJÓ

~
Figure 8.5: Arabi and ArabTEX side by side

8.5. fmultico from the Farsi package
A modified version of multicol version 1.4 that works from Right-to-Left. Unfortunately,
no comment is given to indicate where the changes were made to the original file.
It works well and may produce text for at most 5 columns.
We typeset an example with respectively 3 and 4 columns! Text in 5 columns looks too ugly
in our case because the linewidth is too small and hyphenation is forbidden in modern Arabic!
This should work better for larger pages! This works also better with fonts whose characters are

66

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
ArabTEX inside Arabi

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬XF‫ب ﺗﺦ ﻣﻦ و‬r‫ﻋ‬

ā h t d š ǧ s. d. ġ h. .t z.
–¯¯

h ¨   h. € X H p ø
b-ism al-lāh wa-’l-h.md li-llāh wa-’ls.lāh wa-’s-slām ,lā rsūl al-lāh.

 ð èC’Ë@ð é<Ë YÒmÌ '@ð é<Ë@ Õæ AK.
. é<Ë@ ÈñƒP úΫ ÐC‚Ë@
mu,allaqatu āmrā- al-qays


 ®Ë@ ZøQÓ@ é®ÊªÓ

qifā nbki mn dikrā h.bybin wamanzili bsiqt.i ’l-liwā bayna ’d-dahūli fah.awmali
–

¯ 


É Óñ m¯. È ñ k Y Ë@ á K. ø ñ Ê Ë@ ¡ ® ‚ .

È Q Óð I.  J. k ø Q »X á Ó ½ J. K A ®. ¯

fatūd.ih.a f-al-miqrāti lam ya,fu rasmuhā lmā nasaǧathā mn ǧanwbin wšam-ali

A ê ÖÞP ­.ª K ÕË è @Q ® ÖÏ A .̄ l• ñ J .̄
trā ba,ara āl-ar-āmi fā ,aras.ātihā wqy,ānihā k-annahu h.abbu fulfuli


É ®. Ê .̄ I. k é K A¿ A îE A ª J ¯ð
A îE A “Q « ú¯. Ð @P B@ Q ª K. ø QK
k-anny ġadāta ālbayni yawma tah.ammalū ldā samurāti ālh.ayyi nāqifu h.and.li

@ñ Ê Ò m' Ðñ K á J. Ë@ è@ Y « úG A¿
É ’ J k ­.¯ A K úmÌ '@ H @Q ÖÞ ø Y Ë
È A ÖÞð H. ñ J k. á Ó A îD j.‚  A ÜÏ

wqūfan bihā s.ah.by ,alā mat.iyyahum, yqwlwn lāthlik -asā’n wtaǧammali

 àñ Ëñ ® K
,Ñ îD ¢ Ó úÎ « úæ. m• A îE. A
É Ò m.' ð úæ @ ½ Ê îEB
wa--inna šifā-ı̄ ,abratun muharāqatun fhl ,nda rasmin dārisin mn ma,wali



È ñ ª Ó á Ó € P @ X Õæ P Y J « É ê .̄
é ¯@Q ê Ó èQ. « úG A ®. ƒ

kd-abka mn -ummi ’l-h.uwayriti qablhā wǧāratihā -umma ’r-rabābi bi-m-asali
¯

É ƒ A Öß. H. A K. Q Ë@ Ð @ A îE PA g. ð
A êÊ J. ¯ H QK ñ mÌ '@ Ð @ á Ó ½

 ñ ¯ð
.̄

à@ ð
K. @Y »

~
Figure 8.6: ArabTEX at work inside Arabi
more or less the same height and width. For example, with Arabic, this works better with al
mohanad than with traditional Arabic!

‫ﻼة‬O‫ﻦ اﻟ‬V‫ا‬w‫ ›ﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬d‫اﺋ‬wf‫ﻢ واﻟ‬k‫اﻟﺤ‬
C‫ا‬dq‫ﻼم ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬k‫ ›ﻢ اﻟ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻪ وﻣﺤ‬yl‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ﻢ ﻓ‬l‫ﻼف أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌ‬t‫ واﺧ‬Ahn‫اﺟﺐ ﻣ‬w‫اﻟ‬
rb‫ﻳﻒ وﻣﺨ‬zm‫ﻒ اﻟ‬y‫ﻳ‬z‫اﺟﺢ وﺗ‬r‫ﺢ اﻟ‬y‫ﺟ‬r‫وﺗ‬
‫ب‬C ü dm‫ﻪ واﻟﺤ‬f}‫ق و‬w‫ب ﻓ‬Atk‫اﻟ‬
‫ وأﻋﻦ‬rs‫ب ﻳ‬C ‫ﺆﻟﻒ‬m‫ اﻟ‬T‫ﻣ‬dq‫ ﻣ‬.‫ﻦ‬ym‫ﻟ‬A‫اﻟﻌ‬
‫ل‬A‫ﻢ ﻗ‬lF‫ وآﻟﻪ و‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬Yl‫ ﻋ‬ü‫ ا‬Yl}‫و‬

‫د ﻓﻲ‬r‫ب ﻓ‬At‫ ﻛ‬w‫اب وﻫ‬w‫ أﺑ‬Tsm‫ ﺧ‬w‫وﻫ‬
‫ه‬d‫اﺋ‬w‫ة ﻓ‬r“‫ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛ‬l“‫ ﻣ‬Y‫ﻖ إﻟ‬bs‫ه ﻟﻢ ﻳ‬An‫ﻣﻌ‬
‫دة ﻓﻲ‬C‫ا‬w‫دﻳ” اﻟ‬A‫ﻪ اﻷﺣ‬y‫ ﻓ‬Any‫ ﺑ‬Ah‫ﺗ‬C‫ا‬z‫وﻏ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬Ah‫ﺤ‬y‫ﻪ و}ﺤ‬yl‫ﻼم ﻋ‬s‫ﻼة واﻟ‬O‫اﻟ‬
Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ‬A‫ ﻣ‬Any‫ وﺑ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ وﻣﻌ‬Ahns‫ﺣ‬
‫ ﻫ@ا‬C‫ا‬rF‫ ›ﻢ أ‬Ay‫ﻓ‬AJ A‫ﻧ‬Ay‫ﻞ ﺑ‬l‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬yl‫ﻞ ﻋ‬mtJ‫ ا‬A‫ﻓﻪ وﻣ‬rJ‫ء و‬A‫ﻋ‬d‫اﻟ‬

Yl}‫ وأﻋﻦ و‬rs‫ب ﻳ‬C ‫ﺆﻟﻒ‬m‫ اﻟ‬T‫ﻣ‬dq‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺦ‬yK‫ل اﻟ‬A‫ﻢ ﻗ‬lF‫ وآﻟﻪ و‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬Yl‫ ﻋ‬ü‫ا‬
w‫ﻳﻦ أﺑ‬d‫ اﻟ‬HmJ T‫ﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻣ‬A‫م اﻟﻌ‬A‫اﻹﻣ‬
‫ب‬w‫ ﺑﻦ أﻳ‬rk‫ ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ ﺑ‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬ü‫ ا‬db‫ﻋ‬
ü‫ﻪ ا‬m‫ﺣ‬C T‫ﻳ‬Ew‫م اﻟﺠ‬A‫ﻲ إﻣ‬lbn‫ﻋﻲ اﻟﺤ‬Cz‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻞ‬S‫م ﻓﻲ ﻓ‬Ah‫ﻪ ﺟﻼء اﻷﻓ‬tymF ‫ب‬At‫ﻫ@ا ﻛ‬
‫م‬A‫ اﻷﻧ‬ry‫ ﺧ‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬Yl‫ﻼم ﻋ‬s‫ﻼة واﻟ‬O‫اﻟ‬

The Arabi system

67

d‫اﺋ‬wf‫ﻢ واﻟ‬k‫ﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤ‬yl‫ﻞ ﻋ‬mtJ‫ ا‬A‫وﻣ‬
Ah‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻪ وﻣﺤ‬yl‫ﻼة ﻋ‬O‫ﻦ اﻟ‬V‫ا‬w‫›ﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬
Ahn‫اﺟﺐ ﻣ‬w‫ اﻟ‬C‫ا‬dq‫ﻼم ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬k‫›ﻢ اﻟ‬
‫اﺟﺢ‬r‫ﺢ اﻟ‬y‫ﺟ‬r‫ﻪ وﺗ‬y‫ﻢ ﻓ‬l‫ﻼف أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌ‬t‫واﺧ‬
‫ق‬w‫ب ﻓ‬Atk‫ اﻟ‬rb‫ﻳﻒ وﻣﺨ‬zm‫ﻒ اﻟ‬y‫ﻳ‬z‫وﺗ‬
.‫ﻦ‬ym‫ﻟ‬A‫ب اﻟﻌ‬C ü dm‫ﻪ واﻟﺤ‬f}‫و‬
‫ﻼة‬O‫ﻦ اﻟ‬V‫ا‬w‫›ﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﻼم‬k‫ ›ﻢ اﻟ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬A‫ﻪ وﻣﺤ‬yl‫ﻋ‬
Ahn‫اﺟﺐ ﻣ‬w‫ اﻟ‬C‫ا‬dq‫ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ﻢ ﻓ‬l‫ﻼف أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌ‬t‫واﺧ‬
‫ﻒ‬y‫ﻳ‬z‫اﺟﺢ وﺗ‬r‫ﺢ اﻟ‬y‫ﺟ‬r‫وﺗ‬
‫ب‬Atk‫ اﻟ‬rb‫ﻳﻒ وﻣﺨ‬zm‫اﻟ‬
‫ب‬C ü dm‫ﻪ واﻟﺤ‬f}‫ق و‬w‫ﻓ‬
.‫ﻦ‬ym‫ﻟ‬A‫اﻟﻌ‬

Y‫ﻖ إﻟ‬bs‫ه ﻟﻢ ﻳ‬An‫د ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ‬r‫ب ﻓ‬At‫ ﻛ‬w‫وﻫ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ ﻓ‬Any‫ ﺑ‬Ah‫ﺗ‬C‫ا‬z‫ه وﻏ‬d‫اﺋ‬w‫ة ﻓ‬r“‫ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛ‬l“‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻼم‬s‫ﻼة واﻟ‬O‫دة ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬C‫ا‬w‫دﻳ” اﻟ‬A‫اﻷﺣ‬
Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ وﻣﻌ‬Ahns‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬Ah‫ﺤ‬y‫ﻪ و}ﺤ‬yl‫ﻋ‬
A‫ﻧ‬Ay‫ﻞ ﺑ‬l‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ‬A‫ ﻣ‬Any‫وﺑ‬
‫ﻓﻪ‬rJ‫ء و‬A‫ﻋ‬d‫ ﻫ@ا اﻟ‬C‫ا‬rF‫ ›ﻢ أ‬Ay‫ﻓ‬AJ

‫ﻼة‬O‫دة ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬C‫ا‬w‫دﻳ” اﻟ‬A‫اﻷﺣ‬
Ah‫ﺤ‬y‫ﻪ و}ﺤ‬yl‫ﻼم ﻋ‬s‫واﻟ‬
Any‫ وﺑ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ وﻣﻌ‬Ahns‫ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬
‫ﻞ‬l‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‬Ah‫ﻟ‬wl‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ‬A‫ﻣ‬
‫ ﻫ@ا‬C‫ا‬rF‫ ›ﻢ أ‬Ay‫ﻓ‬AJ A‫ﻧ‬Ay‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻞ‬mtJ‫ ا‬A‫ﻓﻪ وﻣ‬rJ‫ء و‬A‫ﻋ‬d‫اﻟ‬
d‫اﺋ‬wf‫ﻢ واﻟ‬k‫ﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤ‬yl‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻳﻦ‬d‫ اﻟ‬HmJ T‫ﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻣ‬A‫م اﻟﻌ‬A‫ﺦ اﻹﻣ‬yK‫اﻟ‬
rk‫ ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ ﺑ‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬ü‫ ا‬db‫ ﻋ‬w‫أﺑ‬
T‫ﻳ‬Ew‫م اﻟﺠ‬A‫ﻲ إﻣ‬lbn‫ﻋﻲ اﻟﺤ‬Cz‫ب اﻟ‬w‫ﺑﻦ أﻳ‬
‫ﻪ ﺟﻼء‬tymF ‫ب‬At‫ ﻫ@ا ﻛ‬ü‫ﻪ ا‬m‫ﺣ‬C
Yl‫ﻼم ﻋ‬s‫ﻼة واﻟ‬O‫ﻞ اﻟ‬S‫م ﻓﻲ ﻓ‬Ah‫اﻷﻓ‬
‫اب‬w‫ أﺑ‬Tsm‫ ﺧ‬w‫م وﻫ‬A‫ اﻷﻧ‬ry‫ ﺧ‬dm‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﻪ ﺟﻼء‬tymF ‫ب‬At‫ ﻫ@ا ﻛ‬ü‫ا‬
‫ﻼة‬O‫ﻞ اﻟ‬S‫م ﻓﻲ ﻓ‬Ah‫اﻷﻓ‬
ry‫ ﺧ‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬Yl‫ﻼم ﻋ‬s‫واﻟ‬
‫اب‬w‫ أﺑ‬Tsm‫ ﺧ‬w‫م وﻫ‬A‫اﻷﻧ‬
‫ه‬An‫د ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌ‬r‫ب ﻓ‬At‫ ﻛ‬w‫وﻫ‬
‫ة‬r“‫ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛ‬l“‫ ﻣ‬Y‫ﻖ إﻟ‬bs‫ﻟﻢ ﻳ‬
‫ﻪ‬y‫ ﻓ‬Any‫ ﺑ‬Ah‫ﺗ‬C‫ا‬z‫ه وﻏ‬d‫اﺋ‬w‫ﻓ‬

rs‫ب ﻳ‬C ‫ﺆﻟﻒ‬m‫ اﻟ‬T‫ﻣ‬dq‫ﻣ‬
dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬Yl‫ ﻋ‬ü‫ ا‬Yl}‫وأﻋﻦ و‬
‫م‬A‫ﺦ اﻹﻣ‬yK‫ل اﻟ‬A‫ﻢ ﻗ‬lF‫وآﻟﻪ و‬
‫ﻳﻦ‬d‫ اﻟ‬HmJ T‫ﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻣ‬A‫اﻟﻌ‬
‫ ﺑﻦ‬dm‫ ﻣﺤ‬ü‫ ا‬db‫ ﻋ‬w‫أﺑ‬
‫ﻋﻲ‬Cz‫ب اﻟ‬w‫ ﺑﻦ أﻳ‬rk‫أﺑﻲ ﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬m‫ﺣ‬C T‫ﻳ‬Ew‫م اﻟﺠ‬A‫ﻲ إﻣ‬lbn‫اﻟﺤ‬

8.6. Poster and Arabi
It works fine too with the poster package by Timothy Van Zandt, the creator of PSTricks,
that may produce many normal (small) pages with parts of the text to be “glued” together to get
a larger one. Look, beginning from the next page, at the following small example that spreads
on 8 pages as you can see on the next page (a landscape page made of the 8 produced pages
stacked, in a 24 disposition, besides each other) and whose code follows on the page after.

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¤
٤E
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤
٤E
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤ ™y§Akm˜
TywTyw
¤ Tyw
,
¤ ­rfŒml˜
Tyw
,
¤ ­rfŒml˜
,
¤ ­rfŒml˜
,
AS§r`
­rfŒml˜
AS§r`
AS§r`
C@n˜A
AS§r`
C@n˜A
ºAw˜
C@n˜A
ºAw˜
C@n˜A
¤ ºAw˜
,
¤ ºAw˜
ºA›dl˜
,
¤ ºA›dl˜
,
¤ Anq
ºA›dl˜
, Anq
ºA›dl˜
QAOq˜
Anq
QAOq˜
Anq
QAOq˜
¤ ,
QAOq˜
¤ ,
¤
d`˜,
¤
d`˜
¨
,
d`˜
¨
­Amn›¤
d`˜
¨
­Amn›¤
¨
­Amn›¤
rm`˜­Amn›¤
rm`˜rm`˜rm`˜
,

Tywr˜A
, Tywr˜A
, Tywr˜A
,¢˜ Tywr˜A
A}®
¢˜ A}®
¢˜ A}®
¢˜ —rK˜
A}®
—rK˜
—rK˜
ü —rK˜
ü
r¤
ü
r¤
ü
,
r¤
Tf`l˜
,
r¤
Tf`l˜
, AA§
Tf`l˜
, AA§
Tf`l˜
T’rs˜
AA§
T’rs˜
AA§
T’rs˜
—r T’rs˜
¤
—r,
¤
—rTn`l˜
,
¤
—rTn`l˜
,
¤ Ÿˆ
Tn`l˜
, Ÿˆ
Tn`l˜
AA
Ÿˆ
AA
Ÿˆ
AA
AA

‘@q˜
‘@q˜
‘@q˜
Ant
‘@q˜
Ant
¤ Ant
,
¤ Hr˜
Ant
,
¤ Hr˜
,
¤ Hr˜
,
ŸˆHr˜
Ÿˆ
Ah§zn
Ÿˆ
Ah§zn
rm˜
Ÿˆ
Ah§zn
rm˜
Ah§zn
Ÿˆ
rm˜
Ÿˆ
rm˜
¨hn˜
Ÿˆ
¨hn˜
¤ Ÿˆ
,
¨hn˜
¤ Tsbl˜
,
¨hn˜
¤ Tsbl˜
,
¤ Tsbl˜
,ryyŒ
Tsbl˜
ryyŒ
٤E
ryyŒ
٤E
wm˜
ryyŒ
¤
٤E
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤
٤E
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤
wm˜™y§Akm˜
¤ ™y§Akm˜
AmžAmž
¢nˆ
Amž
¢nˆ
œ•Ahž¤
Amž
¢nˆ
œ•Ahž¤
¢nˆ
¢
œ•Ahž¤
œ•r›
¢
œ•Ahž¤
œ•r›
¢ Amy
œ•r›
¢ Amy
œ•r›
ü Amy
ü
w`yV¤
Amy
ü
w`yV¤
ü
w`yV¤
, w`yV¤
,
wmls›
,
wmls›
,
wmls›
œtž¤
wmls›
œtž¤
¯œtž¤
Ÿ
¯œtž¤
wm
Ÿ
¯wm
¯¤
Ÿ
¯wm
¯¤
¢
ŸAq
wm
¯¤
¢ Aq
“
¯¤
¢ Aq
“
ü
¢ Aq
“
ü
wq
“
ü
A
wq ü
A
wq A
wq A
,

Tywr˜A
, Tywr˜A
, Tywr˜A
,¢˜ Tywr˜A
A}®
¢˜ A}®
¢˜ A}®
¢˜ —rK˜
A}®
—rK˜
—rK˜
ü —rK˜
ü
r¤
ü
r¤
ü
,
r¤
Tf`l˜
,
r¤
Tf`l˜
, AA§
Tf`l˜
, AA§
Tf`l˜
T’rs˜
AA§
T’rs˜
AA§
T’rs˜
—r T’rs˜
¤
—r,
¤
—rTn`l˜
,
¤
—rTn`l˜
,
¤ Ÿˆ
Tn`l˜
, Ÿˆ
Tn`l˜
AA
Ÿˆ
AA
Ÿˆ
AA
AA
...
...
ºAml`˜
...
ºAml`˜
...
ºAml`˜
£ Abˆ
ºAml`˜
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
ü
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
ü
YK§
Ÿ›
ü
YK§
ü
YK§
YK§

AmžAmž
¢nˆ
Amž
¢nˆ
œ•Ahž¤
Amž
¢nˆ
œ•Ahž¤
¢nˆ
¢
œ•Ahž¤
œ•r›
¢
œ•Ahž¤
œ•r›
¢ Amy
œ•r›
¢ Amy
œ•r›
ü Amy
ü
w`yV¤
Amy
ü
w`yV¤
ü
w`yV¤
, w`yV¤
,
wmls›
,
wmls›
,
wmls›
œtž¤
wmls›
œtž¤
¯œtž¤
Ÿ
¯œtž¤
wm
Ÿ
¯wm
¯¤
Ÿ
¯wm
¯¤
¢
ŸAq
wm
¯¤
¢ Aq
“
¯¤
¢ Aq
“
ü
¢ Aq
“
ü
wq
“
ü
A
wq ü
A
wq A
wq A
)

¢˜¤
) ¢˜¤
)
¢ylˆ
¢˜¤
)
¢ylˆ
ü
¢˜¤
¢ylˆ
ü
Yl}
¢ylˆ
ü
Yl}
(
ü
Yl}
dm›
(
Yl}
dm›
( dm›
( ndm›
TmVA
n TmVA
n º
TmVA
n
r¡z˜
º
TmVA
r¡z˜
º r¡z˜
º r¡z˜
...
...
ºAml`˜
...
ºAml`˜
...
ºAml`˜
£ Abˆ
ºAml`˜
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
ü
£ Abˆ
Ÿ›
ü
YK§
Ÿ›
ü
YK§
ü
YK§
YK§

)

¢˜¤
) ¢˜¤
)
¢ylˆ
¢˜¤
)
¢ylˆ
ü
¢˜¤
¢ylˆ
ü
Yl}
¢ylˆ
ü
Yl}
(
ü
Yl}
dm›
(
Yl}
dm›
( dm›
( ndm›
TmVA
n TmVA
n º
TmVA
n
r¡z˜
º
TmVA
r¡z˜
º r¡z˜
º r¡z˜

The Arabi system

69

poster and Arabi

rtFw‫ﺑﻲ و ﺑ‬r‫اﻟﻌ‬

\begin{Poster}[vcenter=true,hcenter=true,clip=pstricks]
\font\bigtrad=DTPN at 2cm
\setlength{\fboxsep}{.8truein}
\setlength{\fboxrule}{.1truein}
\fbox{\begin{minipage}{22.2truein}
$$
\psframebox[framesep=5mm,linewidth=0.7mm,framearc=.18,fillstyle=solid,
fillcolor=LemonChiffon]{
\parbox{.9\hsize}{\selectlanguage{arabic}
\centerline{\textAR{\bigtrad [ T‫ﻗ‬rK‫‹ ﻣ‬Aml‫}}] ﻛ‬
\bigtrad

‫ء‬Am‫ وﻧ‬Hfnl‫ ﻟ‬Ty‫ﻛ‬z‫ة ﺗ‬A‫ﻛ‬z‫ واﻟ‬, rbk‫ﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬k‫ ﻟ‬Ah‫ﻳ‬zn‫ﻼة ﺗ‬O‫ واﻟ‬, ‫ك‬rK‫ﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬k‫ا ﻟ‬ryhW‫ن ﺗ‬Am‫ اﻹﻳ‬ü‫ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ا‬...
, Tlml‫ ﻟ‬A‫ﻣ‬A\‫ ﻧ‬Ant‫ﻋ‬AV‫ و‬, ‫ب‬wlql‫ ﻟ‬Aqysn‫ل ﺗ‬d‫ واﻟﻌ‬, ‫ﻳﻦ‬dl‫ا ﻟ‬dyyK‫ واﻟﺤ– ﺗ‬, Q‫ ﻟﻺﺧﻼ‬Atyb“‫م ﺗ‬AyO‫ واﻟ‬, ‫ق‬Er‫ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬
r‫ب اﻷﺟ‬A‫ﺠ‬ytF‫ ا‬Yl‫ ﻋ‬T‫ﻧ‬w‫ ﻣﻌ‬rbO‫ واﻟ‬, ‫ق‬Afn‫ واﻟ‬rfk‫ﻻ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟ‬Ð‫ﻼم و‬F‫ا ﻟﻺ‬z‫د ﻋ‬Ah‫ واﻟﺠ‬T‫ﻗ‬rf‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬A‫ﻧ‬A‫ أﻣ‬Ant‫ﻣ‬A‫وإﻣ‬
‫م‬A‫ﺣ‬C‫ اﻷ‬Tl}‫ و‬, X‫ﺨ‬s‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬T‫ﻳ‬A‫ﻳﻦ وﻗ‬d‫اﻟ‬w‫ اﻟ‬r‫ وﺑ‬, T‫ﻣ‬A‫ﻌ‬l‫ ﻟ‬T‫ﺤ‬lO‫ ﻣ‬rknm‫ﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬hn‫وف واﻟ‬r‫ﻌ‬m‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﺑ‬r‫ واﻷﻣ‬,
‫ﻞ‬y‫ﻳ‬Akm‫ اﻟ‬Ty‫ﻓ‬w‫ وﺗ‬, ‫ة‬rf‫ﻐ‬ml‫ ﻟ‬AS‫ﻳ‬r‫ ﺗﻌ‬C@n‫ﻟ‬A‫ء ﺑ‬A‫ﻓ‬w‫ واﻟ‬, ‫ء‬A‫ﻣ‬dl‫ ﻟ‬Anq‫ ﺣ‬QAOq‫ واﻟ‬, ‫د‬d‫ة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ‬Amn‫ وﻣ‬rm‫ﺄة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ‬sn‫ﻣ‬
, Tn‫ﻌ‬l‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬A‫ﺑ‬A‫@ف ﺣﺠ‬q‫ب اﻟ‬Ant‫ واﺟ‬, H‫ﺟ‬r‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬Ah‫ﻳ‬zn‫ ﺗ‬rm‫ﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨ‬hn‫ واﻟ‬, Ts‫ﺨ‬bl‫ا ﻟ‬ryy‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﻐ‬E‫ا‬wm‫واﻟ‬
‫ﻢ‬t‫ﺗﻦ إﻻ وأﻧ‬wm‫ﺗﻪ وﻻ ﺗ‬Aq‫ ﺣﻖ ﺗ‬ü‫ا ا‬wq‫ﺗ‬A‫ ﻓ‬, Ty‫ﺑ‬w‫ﺑ‬r‫ﻟ‬A‫ ﻟﻪ ﺑ‬A}‫ك إﺧﻼ‬rK‫ اﻟ‬ü‫م ا‬r‫ وﺣ‬, Tf‫ﻌ‬l‫ ﻟ‬A‫ﺑ‬A‫ اﻳﺠ‬T‫ﻗ‬rs‫ك اﻟ‬r‫وﺗ‬
... ‫ء‬Aml‫ده اﻟﻌ‬Ab‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‬ü‫ ا‬YK‫ ﻳﺨ‬Am‫ﻪ ﻓﺈﻧ‬n‫ﻛﻢ ﻋ‬Ah‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ وﻧ‬r‫ أﻣ‬Amy‫ ﻓ‬ü‫ا ا‬w‫ﻌ‬yV‫ وأ‬, ‫ن‬wmls‫ﻣ‬
\centerline{\textAR{\bigtrad ) ‫ﻪ وآﻟﻪ‬yl‫ ﻋ‬ü‫ ا‬Yl} ( dm‫ﺖ ﻣﺤ‬n‫ ﺑ‬TmVA‫اء ﻓ‬r‫ﻫ‬z‫}}اﻟ‬
}}
$$
\end{minipage}}
\end{Poster}

~
Figure 8.7: Arabi and poster coding

,

rbk˜

,

Ÿ§dl˜

®F²˜

¨hn˜ ¤

¨

dyy

zˆ

‘¤r`

­sn›

Tyw ¤

Ÿ

,

A

­rf

]T’rK›

k˜

Ÿˆ

œk˜

dyyK

˜ ¤

zˆ

Ah˜ ¤

‘¤r`m˜A

›

AC±

­rfŒml˜

Ah§zn
,

T’rf˜

r›± ¤

,

Tl}¤

AS§r`

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Q®²˜

Ÿ›

r±

,

AžA›

—rK˜

Atyb

AyO

Ant›A›¤

AytF

Xs˜

C@n˜A

,

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ºAw˜ ¤

,



,

Ylˆ

T§A’¤

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,

Tlml˜

Ylˆ

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[

œk˜
,

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”Er˜

A›A\ž

Tžw`›

Anq

ryhW
¨

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AntˆAV¤

rbO˜ ¤

r¤

Am§³

,

,

,

QAOq˜ ¤

,

™`

Hfnl˜

wlql˜

”Afn˜ ¤

T›A`l˜

ü

Ty

Aqys

rfk˜

TlO›

d`˜

¨

rk

­A

™`

...

Ty•z

­A•z˜ ¤

Aqysn

šd`˜ ¤

l˜

k˜

¨

™¡±

¯Ð¤

rknm˜

Ÿˆ

­Amn›¤

rm`˜

Tyw ¤

‘@q˜

,

,

­rf

Ant

Tywr˜A

Amž

¢

¢nˆ œ•A

­rfŒml˜

Ant ¤

A

¢˜

AS§r`

,

Hr˜

A}®

œ•Ahž¤

¢

C@n˜A

Ÿˆ

—rK˜

œ•r› Amy

)

¢˜¤

ºAw˜ ¤

Ah§zn

ü

ü

¢ylˆ

,

ºA›d

rm˜

r¤

Ÿˆ

,

w`yV¤ ,

ü

Yl}

(

Tf

w

d

ºA›dl˜

Ÿˆ

,

,

(

Anq

¨hn˜ ¤

Tf`l˜

QAOq˜ ¤

,

AA§

wmls›

Tsbl˜

T’rs˜

œtž¤ ¯

n

TmVA

d`˜

ryyŒ

—r ¤

Ÿ wm

...

dm›

,

¨

Ÿ§E wm˜ ¤

,

Tn`l˜

¯¤ ¢ Aq

ºAml`˜

º r¡z˜

­A

£ Abˆ

Ÿ

“

Ÿ›

¨

­Amn›¤

m˜ ¤

`l˜

™y§Akm˜

Ÿˆ

“

Ÿ›

rm`˜

ü

ü

AA

wq A

YK§

CHAPTER 9

Arabi with XETEX

‫ي ﺗﺦ‬E ‫ﺑﻲ و‬r‫اﻟﻌ‬

Arabi specific support for the XETEX engine

and its documentation are under preparation. Nevertheless, You can use Arabi with
XETEX as it is a TEX engine that has the four
primitives needed and used by Arabi to do
Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right writing.

|

XETEX1 is a TEX system by Jonathan Kew that began with Mac OS X on modern Apple Mac
machines and which exists now for Linux and Windows flavored machines is a TEX typesetting
engine that natively handles the Unicode character set and modern intelligent and includes #-TEX
extensions. It produces an extended dvi format that is transformed by a dvitopdf like utility to
PDF.
XETEX simplifies languages support greatly, it can work with Asian, Middle Eastern, including the languages that use the Arabic script like Arabic and Farsi and other traditionally
“difficult” languages just as readily as with European languages.
According to the system on which it runs, it uses modern font technologies provided by today’s
operating systems and text layout services to quote Jonathan Kew.
It uses OpenType or/and Apple Advanced Typography (AAT) layout features (for example,
for the Arabic script case, using appropriate tables all the contextual analysis and diacritics
placement in the font) in modern fonts to support complex nonLatin writing systems.

Arabi uses too the idea used by XETEX that consists on relying on the font to do, for the
example of languages that use the Arabic script, the contextual analysis (shaping) and reserves
TEX macros to formatting and localization of LATEX captions.
We are actually working on making Arabi also XETEX compliant, It will use XETEX capabilities
to handle fonts and Unicode text with the actual Arabi formatting and localization macros.

1The name X T X was inspired by the idea of a Mac OS X extension (hence the ‘X’ prefix) to #-T X; and as one of
EE
E

its intended uses is for bidirectional scripts such as Hebrew and Arabic, the name was designed to be reversible. Thee
name is pronounced as if it were written zee-TEX.

70

APPENDIX A

Arabi package components
‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫ اﻟﻌ‬T‫ﻣ‬EC ‹A‫ﻳ‬wt‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﻌﻢ‬n‫ﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬ym‫ اﻟﺠ‬r‫ﻳﻢ ﻟﻚ اﻟ@ﻛ‬d‫ﺗ‬

Ah‫ام ﻓﺈﻧ‬rk‫ﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﻼق اﻟ‬yl‫ﻋ‬

The Arabi system provides the following packages and files for the Arabic script support:
1.1. Main Package files

arabic.ldf This is the Language Definition File for the Arabic language that supports
the BABEL system. It defines all the language specific macros like Arabic captions (the
names of the table of contents, list of figures, list of tables, . . . ), The Arabic form of the
date, etc.
farsi.ldf This is the Language Definition File for the Farsi language that supports the
BABEL system. It defines all the Language specific macros for Farsi too like Farsi captions. It defines also the Farsi form of the date, etc.
arabicore.sty This file contains the script specific definitions shared both by Arabic and
Farsi.
arabifnt.sty This file contains the specific definitions of the font names used by Arabi to
typeset Arabic.
arabnovowel.sty This package defines two macros \Vocalize and \Novocalize for activating and deactivation vowelization from being rendered in the output, even if it has
been typed in the source file. They can be called anywhere in the text, the number of
times they are needed. They work both for Arabic and Farsi.
poetry.sty This package defines a set of macros for formatting Arabic and farsi poetry.
It’s an immediate rewriting of the package verses.sty from ArabTEX by K. Lagally in
such a way to get both packages working within Arabi, so that ArabTEX may still be used
with Arabi. It contains also a macro \Spreadbox that spreads a given text to some declared dimension provided that at least a keshida character has been typed somewhere
in that text. Otherwise, it will just insert space between words to get the desired width
as with Latin text.
tranlit.sty This package provides the experimental Arabic transliteration module that
renders transliteration of Arabic text if Arabic text is typed without any language switching command, just inside the Latin text. (It’s a test version and may change).
arabic.cfg This configuration file for arabic.ldf. If you want to customize arabic.ldf,
please DO NOT hack into the code, copy this file into a directory searched by TEX,
preferably a personal one on multi-user systems, and customize it as you like.
But be careful. If you exchange your documents with colleagues using a different
TeX installation, it is best not to have a arabic.cfg file, and add instead the customization commands to the preamble of your documents after BABEL and Arabi have been
loaded.
71

72

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
bblopts.cfg This configuration file adds Arabic and Farsi to the “declared” options of
BABEL.
1.2. Input encoding files
Arabic input encoding definition files that are used with the Arabi system are:

8859-6.def, cp1256.def These definition files provide Arabic input encodings for the
norms ISO 8859-6 and MS Windows code page 1256. See § 4.2 on page 23 for more.
laeenc.dfu , lfeenc.dfu These files are the UTF-8 support ones for the standard inputenc
package. See also § 4.2 on page 23 for more.
1.3. Font encoding files
The Local Arabi font definitions files are:

laeenc.def contains the actual Local Arabic font Encoding, related font definition files
and commands that provide Arabic font switching are defined in arabifnt.sty.
lfeenc.def contains the actual Local Farsi font Encoding, related font definition files
and commands that provide Arabic font switching are defined in arabifnt.sty.
Both are not final and may/will change in next versions.
1.4. Specific files to access Fonts

psfonts.map The necessary information for dvips mapping real fonts names, encodings
and TEX fonts names.
.enc contains Postscript Vector Encodings related to the names of glyphs
given by Manufacturers in their respective fonts. There are so much, that one can believe hardly in standardisation! The names of the encoding files used by Arabic begin
with AR and the names of those used by Farsi begin with FR.
lae.fd The font description files for the many fonts used by the system.
Files added with version 1.1
1.5. TeX4ht support files

arabicore.4ht This file contains the necessary corrections and changes in the Arabi specific TEX code to avoid problems with TEX4ht.
*.htf This are the hyperfont files for TEX4ht that map glyphs contained in the real fonts
to their equivalent in specific code pages for use with HTML.
1.6. CMap translation files

lae.cmap This is the CMap translation file for the Local Arabic Encoding used by Arabi for
the cmap package to be able to search and copy Arabic text in PDF files.
lfe.cmap And this is the CMap translation file for the Local Farsi Encoding used by Arabi
for the cmap package to be able to search and copy Farsi text in PDF files.
puenc-ar.def A file, with the necessary additions that should be added to the definition
file puenc.def used by hyperref, to get Arabic and Farsi on the bookmarks side bar, as
in this document.
changes.txt A change file in text format, with the last changes to the package.

APPENDIX B

Final Note

‫ﻼم‬k‫ اﻟ‬r‫آﺧ‬
2.1. Acknowledgment
I would like to thank all the people who encouraged me and supported me during the
development of this package. I mention especially my wife and my little daughter. This package
is a project done by the author, who is a mathematician, at his spare time for which he receives
nothing else than the satisfaction to see it working!
The package used many ideas and codes from many people. We tried to mention every
one where this is due. We apologize if any are missing. Please contact me and I will correct the
situation.
Finally, I wish especially to thank the numerous users who sent messages. Their feed back
is essential to guide the direction it may take in the future.

2.2. Shortcomings, Desiderata

: ‫ﻲ‬bntm‫ﺐ اﻟ‬yW‫ اﻟ‬w‫ل أﺑ‬A‫ﻗ‬
‫م‬Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþmt‫ اﻟ‬Yl‫ﻳﻦ ﻋ‬C‫د‬Aq‫ اﻟ‬Pqn‫ﻛ‬

Aþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþby‫ ﻋ‬xAn‫ب اﻟ‬wy‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋ‬C‫وﻟﻢ أ‬

Here are some of the Basic things/work that still may need to be done. This wish list order
will not necessarily be respected and mat change with time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Complete the missing Farsi captions (The Arabic ones have been completed!)
Make the slanted forms of available fonts
Tune the headers and clean up more the language specific commands
Enable the Arabic script in mathematical formulae.
Work on a more elaborated and comprehensive guide for Arabi.

6. Think to a linguistic ligature for ü‫ ا‬to get it automatically (if not too time and font
space consuming) and add some more aesthetical ligatures from the fonts that have the
appropriate glyphs!
7. Add ISIRI 3342 Code as input encoding for Farsi? or some other standard more widely
used.
8. Fine tune the Arabic typography!
9. Fine tune the vowelization and remove the “*” used to force the final form when vocalizing!
10. Adapt fully Arabi for use with an ASCII input encoding;???
73

74

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬
2.3.

Arabi License

‫ﻢ‬y‫ﺣ‬r‫ﻦ اﻟ‬m‫ﺣ‬r‫ اﻟ‬ü‫ﻢ ا‬s‫ﺑ‬
] Y‫ﺑ‬rq‫دة ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬wm‫ا إﻻ اﻟ‬r‫ﻪ أﺟ‬yl‫ﻢ ﻋ‬k‫ﺄﻟ‬F‫[ ﻗﻞ ﻻ أ‬
This package is copyrighted to its author. It is author-maintained and can be redistributed
under the terms of the LATEX Project Public License (LPPL). You can find it in CTAN at

macros/latex/base/lppl.txt.
This system is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
2.4. Bugs and Error Reporting
For known error and bugs, see bugs.txt.
Please do not request updates from me directly, primary distribution will be through the
CTAN archives. Nevertheless, to report any problems or bugs, or if you have any comment, please
contact the author
Y OUSSEF J ABRI

‫ي‬r‫ﺑ‬A‫ﻒ اﻟﺠ‬Fw‫ﻳ‬
either by e-mail at yjabri@ensa.univ-oujda.ac.ma or at the address:
École nationale des sciences appliquées,
Box 696, 60000 Oujda,
Morocco
Notice that the author does not have Internet access at home deliberately and we do not
consult our mail box every day, so if you don’t get an answer quickly, please be patient.
Copies of materials that use Arabi are welcome for the author’s collection.

APPENDIX C

Changes

‹‫ا‬d‫ﺠ‬ts‫ﻣ‬
3.1. Version 1.1
New features.
*) Arabic in the bookmarks sidebar. Now we can have Arabic in the bookmarks sidebar, when using hyperref (stored in the .out file created
by hyperref). This is done by calling puenc-ar.def and passing the
option unicode to hyperref, although hyperref is still not fully supported yet.
*) We support now the cmap package that [The cmap package is intended to make the PDF files generated by pdflatex searchable and
copyable in Acrobat reader and other compliant PDF viewers.]
Usage: Just put the line \usepackage{cmap} at the beginning of your
preamble, and it will pre-load the needed CMap translations for the
fonts used in the document.
We provide a file lae.cmap and lfe.cmap so that now Arabi PDF
files can use search and copy-n-paste with Arabic text.
*) In Farsi contexts, Digits (0, 1, . . . , 9) are written with the extended
Indo-Arabic (Farsi) digits. This behavior can be changed to the usual
one and back using the two control sequences \farsimathdigits and
\arabicmathdigits.
*) Now, the Arabi works TEX4ht to convert LATEX document to HTML. It is
still experimental but seems to work pretty well! See the documentation for more.
Changes to existing material.
*) Changed some control sequences to more standard forms and less
problematic ones, (request made during TUG 2006)
\R \textRL
\L \textLR (\L is used to write the Polish character Ł)
\embox \LRmbox
\ambox \ARmbox
\fmbox \FRmbox

!
!

!
!
!

*) Added also new commands:
\textAR (like \AR)
\textFR (like \FR)
75

76

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

*) Only the following Farsi fonts from the Farsiweb project are Free
(GPL): (Nazli, Nazli bold, Homa, Titr). The others should be GPL’ed
in their next release. Thank you R. Pournader. I modified the free fonts
Notices to say they are GPL, as suggested by Pournader, and removed
the non free ones from Arabi.
Corrections and improvements.
*) Completed the Arabic captions, Farsi cations are still incomplete
*) All filenames changed to lowercase and made the necessary modifications to Arabi files to reflect this change!
*) Corrected some typos reported by some users (Thank you Juan and
Ja‘far rf‫ﺟﻌ‬, United Kingdom). Now, the content of the users guide has
been modified a little more.
*) Now the parentheses around equations numbers appear correctly. It
works with standard classes article, report and book (with or without
amsmath package) and with ams[*] classes. Nevertheless the user still
should pass the reqno option to the class he/she is using! (reported
by Mamoun Elkheir ry‫ن اﻟﺨ‬w‫ﻣ‬A‫ﻣ‬, Sudan)
3.2. Version 1.0
First released on July 2006.

Bibliography
[1] B. Esfahbod and R. Pournader, FarsiTEX and the Iranian TEX Community, TUGboat, 22(3), 2003.
[2] J. Braams. BABEL, a multilingual style-option system for user with LATEX’s standard doc styles. TUGboat, 12(2) 291–301,
1992.
[3] J. Braams. An update on the BABEL system. TUGboat, 14(1) 60–61, 1993.
[4] M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, and A. Samarin. The LATEX Companion. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.
[5] Y. Haralambous, Towards the revival of traditional Arabic typography. . . through TEX, Proceedings of the
EuroTEX92 conference, Prague, 1992
[6] Y. Haralambous, Typesetting the Holy Qur’ān with TEX, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Multilingual Computing (Latin and Arabic script), Durham, 1992.
[7] A. Hoenig. TEX Unbound: Strategies for Fonts, Graphics, and More. Oxford University Press, 1998.
[8] D.E. Knuth. The TEXbook. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[9] D.E. Knuth. The METAFONT book. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[10] D.E. Knuth. Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards. TUGboat, 11(1), 13–23, April 1990.
[11] Peter R. Wilson, A Brief Guide to LATEX Tools for Web Publishing, March 2000.
[12] D.E. Knuth and P. MacKay. Mixing Right-to-Left texts with Left-to-Right texts, TUGboat, 8(1), 14–25, (1987).
[13] A. Lakhdar-Ghazal, Caractères arabes diacritiques selon l’ASV-CODAR (pour imprimer les langues arabes), Institut
d’Études et de Recherches pour l’Arabisation, Rabat, 1993.
[14] K. Lagally, ArabTEX— Typesetting Arabic with Vowels and Ligatures, Proceedings of the EuroTEX92 conference,
Prague, 1992
[15] K. Lagally, ArabTEX Arabic and Hebrew. (Draft) User Manual Version 4.00, March 11, 2004.
[16] L. Lamport. LATEX: A Document Preparation System: User’s Guide and Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, USA, second edition, 1994.
[17] P. MacKay, Typesetting problem scripts, BYTE 11, 2 1986, 201–218.
[18] The FarsiTEX Project at http://www.farsitex.org/
[19] M. Goosen and S. Rahtz with E. Gurari, R. Moore, and R. Sutor, The LATEX Web Companion, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
[20] Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran at http://www.isiri.com
[21] Free download of the Arabic font pack from Microsoft (arafonts.exe). http://office.microsoft.com/

arabicregion/Downloads/2000/arafonts.aspx

[22] Fabrice Popineau, Affichez vos documents LATEX sur le Web avec TEX4ht, Cahiers GUTenberg 37–38, December
2000, 5–43 (French, PDF).
[23] TEX4ht web site: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht
The last version of the distribution can be downloaded from: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/

TeX4ht/bugfixes.html

[24] Till Tantau, The TikZ and PGF Packages. Manual for version 1.10, October 26, 2006 http://sourceforge.net/

projects/pgf

[25] XETEX web site and mailing list http://scripts.sil.org/xetex
[26] The Unicode Standard at http://www.unicode.org/

77

Index

\setcode ArabTEX, 64
\setversedim, 20
\textAR, 25
\textFR, 25
\textLR, 25
\textRL, 25

ArabTEX, 62
ConTEXt, 11
‫ﻛﻠﯿﻠﻪ و دﻣﻨﻪ‬, 17
FarsiTEX ‫ﺗﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬, 39
LATEX, 11
METAFONT Fonts, 47
TEX--XET, 12
XETEX, 12
BABEL, 11, 23
calendrierfp, 9
\ARmbox, 25
\AR, 25
\Aabjadnumeral, 41
\Connverses, 55
\Decimal Arabic decimal separator ٫, 46
\EI, 26
\FRmbox, 25
\FR, 25
\Fabjadnumeral, 42
\Halfverses, 20, 54
\I, 26
\LRmbox, 25
\Spreadbox, 54
\TOCLanguage, 23, 31
\XeTeX, 70
\abjadnumeral, 40

#-LATEX,

12
12
*.htf, 72
#-TEX,

8859-6.def, 23, 72
.enc, 72
ARfonts package, 48
free option, 48
mixed option, 48
mscore option, 48
FRfonts package, 49
free option, 49
mscore option, 49
PSTricks, 59
arabic.cfg, 71
arabic.ldf, 30, 71
arabicore.4ht, 72
arabicore.sty, 30, 71
arabifnt.sty, 71
arabnovowel.sty, 71
arafonts.exe, 48
bblopts.cfg, 71
changes.txt, 72
cp1256.def, 72
farsi.ldf, 30, 71
fmultico, 64
inputenc, 23
lae.cmap, 72
lae.fd, 72
laeenc.def, 22, 72
laeenc.dfu, 72
lfe.cmap, 72
lfeenc.def, 22, 72
lfeenc.dfu, 72
midnight package, 54
multicol v1.4, 64
myfonts.sty, 48
poetry.sty, 71
poetry package, 54

\allah ‫ اﷲ‬, 45
\alph, 40, 41
\arabicmathdigits, 44
\arabimonth, 40
\atoday Arabic date, 40
\beginL, 12
\beginR, 12
\begin{otherlanguage}, 25
\endL, 12
\endR, 12
\farsimathdigits, 44
\farsimonth, 40
\footnoterule, 30
\ftoday Farsi Jalali date, 40
\noboundary, 28
\pagenumbering, abjad, 41
\rial ‫ ﷼‬, 45
\selectlanguage, 25

78

The Arabi system

79

poster, 67
psfonts.map, 49
puenc-ar.def, 72
puenc.def, 72
shapepar, 59
tranlit.sty, 71
translit package, 45
cmap, 51
cmap package, 62
ASCII, 62
Arabeyes, 47
CP 1256, Windows Arabic encoding, 23
CSS, 58
HTML, 55
ISO 10646, Unicode Arabic encoding, 23
ISO 8859-6, ISO standard Arabic encoding, 23
Local Arabic Encoding, 22
Local Farsi Encoding, 22
MOSQ DOOR shapepar, 59
PaintType, 49
Web2C, 12
ZWNJ, 19
abjad numerals, ‫ﻞ‬m‫ب اﻟﺠ‬As‫ﺣ‬, 40
arabtext environment, 62
cmap, 62
lae.cmap, 52
lfe.cmap, 52

Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textsharjah, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textsindibad, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \texttarablus, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textthol, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textyerm, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textandalus, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textarialbd, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textarial, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textcourbd, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textcour, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textsimplb, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \textsimpl, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \texttimesbd, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \texttimes, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \texttradb, 49
Arabic fonts, Microsoft \texttrad, 49
Arabic fonts, Omega Project\textomegab, 49
Arabic fonts, Omega Project\textomega, 49
Arabic Kaf, U+064A ‫ك‬, 19
Arabic language, 15
Arabic script, 14
Arabic Yeh, U+064A ‫ي‬, 19
Arabo-Indic digits, 25
ASCII input encoding, 73

AAT, 70
Apple Advanced Typography, 70
Arabic, 11
Arabic alphabet, 15
Arabic captions, 39
Arabic date, 39
Arabic decimal separator ٫ \Decimal , 46
Arabic fonts, 47
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textbattar, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textcortoba, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textdimnah, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textfurat, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textgranada, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textgraph, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \texthani, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \texthor, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textkayrawan, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textkhalid, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textmash, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textmateen, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textmetal, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textmohanad, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textmothnna, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textnada, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textnice, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textostora, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textouhod, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textpetra, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textrehan, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textsalem, 49
Arabic fonts, Arabeyes \textshado, 49

Cascading style sheet, 58
Compatibility, 11
CP 1256, 22

Braams, 11
Breaking ligatures, 27

Dîndapirak script, 17
Dari, 16
Description environment, 35
Enumerate environment, 33
Extended Arabo-Indic digits, 25
Farsi, 11, 16
Farsi Alphabet, 41
Farsi captions, 39
Farsi date, 39
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \texhoma, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \textnazlibout, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \textnazlib, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \textnazliout, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \textnazli, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \texttitrout, 49
Farsi fonts, FarsiWeb \texttitr, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfandalus, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfarialb, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfarial, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrsimplarabicb, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrsimplarabic, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrsimplout, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrsimpl, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrtimesbd, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textfrtimes, 49
Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textftradb, 49

80

‫ﺑﻲ‬r‫م اﻟﻌ‬A\‫ﻧ‬

Farsi fonts, Microsoft \textftrad, 49
Footnotes, 37
Gaf, U+06AF ‫گ‬, 18
Global formatting parameters, 30
Goot, van der, 54
Gurari E., 55
Hafez ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬, 20
Hyperfont files, 55
Input encoding, 23
ISO 8859-6, 22
Itemize environment, 32
Jalali calendar, 39
Jeh, U+0698 ‫ژ‬, 18

Lagally K., 62
Ligature, 27
Linux, 12
Mac OS X, 12
MikTEX, 12

‫ﺧﻂ‬, 17

Omega project, 47
OpenType, 70
Outline fonts, How-to, 49
Package
cmap, 62
Pahlavi script, 17
Peh, U+067E ‫پ‬, 18
Persian, 16
Persian Kaf, U+06CC ‫ك‬, 19
Persian Yeh, U+06CC ‫ی‬, 19
Plain TEX, 11
Poetry, Arabic and Farsi, 20
Postscript Fonts, 47
Quotations, 36
reqaa, 48
Roman, 48
Sample input text, 25
Sample output text, 25
Sans Serif, 48
Sectioning commands, 31
Tajik, 16
Tatweel, 54
Tcheh, U+0686 ‫چ‬, 18
teTEX, 12

Unicode, 22
UNIX, 12
UTF-8, 22
Virtual fonts, 47
Vocalization, 28
Volovich V., 51
Vowelization, 28
Windows, 12
Zero Width Non-Joiner, 19

Keheh, 19
Keshida, 54
Kew, Jonathan, 70

NTEX, 12
naskhi, 48
Nastaliq font, ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ‬

thuluth, 48
Transliteration, 45
True Type Fonts, 47
Type Writer Type, 48

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ ﺑ‪ TbFAnm‬اﻟ‪ Tns‬اﻟ‪ym‬ﻼدﻳ‪ T‬اﻟﺠ‪d‬ﻳ‪d‬ة‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻋ‪A‬م وأﻧ‪t‬ﻢ ﺑﺨ‪ry‬‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻨﻴ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪07‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛ‬
‫ﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺀ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺭ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻷﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺨﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻹﺛ ﻨ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻌ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺍﺑ‬
‫ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻞ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪07‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0 2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪9 2‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪81 1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪7 2‬‬
‫‪6 1‬‬
‫‪6 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪4 2‬‬
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫ﺛﻨ ﻦ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻹ‬
‫ﺍ ﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪30‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺷﺘﻨﺒ ﺮ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫ﻨﺒ ﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺷﺘ ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻏﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪25‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪30‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻏﺸ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫‪26‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪30‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎ ﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺑﻌﺎ ﺀ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻱ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﻤﻴﺲ ﺀ ‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺴﺒﺖ ﺔ ‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2 1‬‬
‫‪6 1‬‬
‫‪3 1‬‬
‫‪7 1‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪9 2‬‬
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫‪0 2‬‬
‫‪4 2‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6 2‬‬
‫‪0 3‬‬
‫‪7 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻞ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺮﻳ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻧ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻦ‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻨﻴ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﻓ‬

‫ﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻱ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ﺨﻤﻴﺲ ‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﻣ ﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫دﺟﻨﺒﺮ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻨﻴ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﻏ‬
‫ﺸﺖ‬

‫ﺮ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻧﺒ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪5 1‬‬
‫‪4 1‬‬
‫‪31 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫‪1 1‬‬
‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪9 2‬‬
‫‪9 3‬‬
‫‪8 1‬‬
‫‪8 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪6 2‬‬
‫‪5 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪24‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫د ﺟﻨﺒ ﺮ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻳﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻏﺸﺖ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺛﻨ ﻦ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻹ‬
‫ﺍ ﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺷﺘﻨﺒ ﺮ‬

‫ﺯ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺎﺭﺱ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻏﺸ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪30‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺷﺘﻨﺒﺮ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫د ﺟﻨﺒ ﺮ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫د ﺟﻨﺒ ﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪27‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺮ ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

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‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
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‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
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‫ﻦ‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪200‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

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‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

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‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﺷﺘﻨ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤ ﺲ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻧﺒﺮ‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤ‬
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‫ﺍ‬
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‫‪5‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

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‫‪20‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪21‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻦ‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
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‫ﻴﻦ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻹ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺜ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭﺲ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬

‫د ﺟﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎ ﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺑ ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ﻤﻌﺔ ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺒ‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﺖ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪1 1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4 1‬‬
‫‪8 1‬‬
‫‪5 1‬‬
‫‪9 2‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪5 2‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪72 2‬‬
‫‪8 2‬‬
‫‪9 3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻧﺒﺮ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻹ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ﻤﻴﺲ ‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ﺖ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻣ ﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻨﻴ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺪ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺍ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪07‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﻦ‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻧﻮ‬
‫ﻧﺒ ﺮ‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭ ﺲ‬
‫ﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫ﺖ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫ﻏﺸ ﺍﻷﺭﺑ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴ ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪11 12 13‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪07‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫دﺟﻨﺒﺮ‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺛ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺜﻼ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺍ ﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺨﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺮ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪28‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪07‬‬

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‫‪2007‬‬

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‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

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‫‪15‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

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‫‪30‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪07‬‬

‫ﻫ‪d‬ﻳ‪ T‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ 2007‬ﻧ\‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪r‬ﺑﻲ‬

‫‪c‬‬
Source Exif Data: 
File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.4
Linearized                      : No
Page Count                      : 103
Page Mode                       : UseOutlines
Author                          : Youssef JABRI 
Title                           : The Arabi package user guide
Subject                         : How to use the Arabi package with LaTeX
Creator                         : LaTeX with package Arabi
Producer                        : pdfeTeX-1.21a
Keywords                        : LaTeX, Arabic, Persian, Farsi
Create Date                     : 2006:12:16 12:23:39+01:00
PTEX Fullbanner                 : This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592-1.20b (MiKTeX 2.4.1986)
EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools

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