EMS Technologies 0A1EKLNK800 EkoLink II 800 User Manual users manual
EMS Technologies EkoLink II 800 users manual
users manual
5015 B.U. Bowman Drive Buford, GA 30518 USA Voice: 770-831-8048 Fax: 770-831-8598
FCC Part 22
Transmitter Certification
Test Report
FCC ID: DNY0A1EKLNK800
FCC Rule Part: CFR 47 Part 22 Subpart H
ACS Report Number: 05-0457-22H
Manufacturer: EMS Wireless
Equipment Type: Cellular Booster Remote
Model: EkoLink II 800
Installation and Operators Guide
Operator’s Manual
EkoLink II
Fiber Optic Distributed
Antenna System
2850 Colonnades Court
Norcross, GA 30071 U. S. A.
Tel: +1 770.582.0555
608577-1 Rev A
EMS Wireless Operator’s Manual
EkoLink II
EMS Wireless EkoLite II Manual
2
Disclaimer
Every attempt has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and
up-to-date. Users are cautioned, however, that EMS Wireless reserves the
right to make changes without notice and shall not be responsible for any
damages, including consequential, caused by reliance on the material
presented, including, but not limited to, typographical, arithmetical, or listing
errors.
Copyright Information
© EMS Wireless
EMS Wireless
Norcross, Georgia
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Warnings, Cautions, and General Notes
This product conforms to FCC Part 15, Section 21. Changes or
modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
FCC Class B:
“NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.”
Warning: Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by
EMS-Wireless could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Industry Canada
The following text must be included in a prominent place in the operator’s guide
in both English and French:
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference Causing Equipment Regulations. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
Cet appareillage numérique de la classe B répond à toutes les exigences de
l'interférence canadienne causant des règlements d'équipement. L'opération
est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) ce dispositif peut ne pas causer
l'interférence nocive, et (2) ce dispositif doit accepter n'importe quelle
interférence reçue, y compris l'interférence qui peut causer l'opération peu
désirée.
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Safety Considerations
When installing or using this product, observe all safety precautions
during handling and operation. Failure to comply with the following general
safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this
manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and
intended use of this product. EMS Wireless Inc. assumes no liability for the
customer's failure to comply with these precautions. This entire manual
should be read and understood before beginning installation and operation.
CAUTION
Calls attention to a procedure or practice,
which, if ignored, may result in personal injury
or may result in damage to the system or system component.
Do not perform any procedure preceded by a
CAUTION until described conditions are fully understood and met.
Electrostatic Sensitivity
ESD = ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVE DEVICE
Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures.
Semiconductor laser transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable
performance when operated in conformity with their intended design.
However, a semiconductor laser may be damaged by an electrostatic charge
inadvertently imposed by careless handling.
Static electricity can be conducted to the laser chip from the center pin of the
RF input connector, and through the DC connector pins. When unpacking
and otherwise handling the transmitter, follow ESD precautionary
procedures including use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench
surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
If You Need Help
If you need additional help in installing or using the system, need additional
copies of this manual, or have questions about system options, please
contact:
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EMS Wireless Customer Support
2850 Colonnades Court
Norcross, Georgia 30071 U. S. A.
+1 (770) 582-0555 x5310
Service
Do not attempt to modify or service any part of this product other than in
accordance with procedures outlined in this Operator's Manual. If the
product does not meet its warranted specifications, or if a problem is
encountered that requires service, notify EMS Wireless's Customer Service
Department. Service will be rendered according to EMS Wireless's warranty
and repair policy. The product shall not be returned without contacting EMS
Wireless and obtaining a return authorization number from the Customer
Service Department.
When returning a product for service, include the following information:
owner, model number, serial number, return authorization number (obtained
in advance from EMS Wireless Inc.'s Customer Service Dept.), service
required and/or a description of the problem encountered.
Warranty and Repair Policy
The EMS Wireless Quality Plan includes product test and inspection
operations to verify the quality and reliability of our products.
EMS Wireless uses every reasonable precaution to ensure that every device
meets published electrical, optical and mechanical specifications prior to
shipment. Customers are asked to advise their incoming inspection,
assembly, and test personnel as to the precautions required in handling and
testing ESD sensitive optoelectronic components.
These products are covered by the following warranties:
General Warranty
EMS Wireless warrants to the original purchaser all standard products sold
by EMS Wireless to be free of defects in material and workmanship for two
(2) years from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, EMS
Wireless' obligation, is limited to repair or replacement of any product that
EMS Wireless proves to be defective. This warranty does not apply to any
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product which has been subject to alteration, abuse, improper installation or
application, accident, electrical or environmental over-stress, negligence in
use, storage, transportation, or handling.
Specific Product Warranty Instructions
All EMS Wireless products are manufactured to high quality standards and
are warranted against defects in workmanship, materials and construction,
and to no further extent. Any claim for repair or replacement of a device
found to be defective on incoming inspection by a customer must be made
within 30 days of receipt of the shipment, or within 30 days of discovery of a
defect within the warranty period.
This warranty is the only warranty made by EMS Wireless and is in lieu of all
other warranties, expressed or implied, except as to title, and can be
amended only by a written instrument signed by an officer of EMS Wireless.
EMS Wireless sales agents or representatives are not authorized to make
commitments on warranty returns.
In the event that it is necessary to return any product against the above
warranty, the following procedure shall be followed:
Return authorization shall be received from the EMS Wireless Customer
Support Department prior to returning any device. Advise the EMS Wireless
Customer Support Department of the model, serial number, and the
discrepancy. The device shall then be forwarded to EMS Wireless,
transportation prepaid. Devices returned freight collect or without
authorization may not be accepted.
Prior to repair, EMS Wireless Customer Support will advise the customer of
EMS Wireless test results and will advise the customer of any charges for
repair (usually for customer caused problems or out-of-warranty conditions).
If returned devices meet full specifications and do not require repair, or if
non-warranty repairs are not authorized by the customer, the device may be
subject to a standard evaluation charge. Customer approval for the repair
and any associated costs will be the authority to begin the repair at EMS
Wireless. Customer approval is also necessary for any removal of certain
parts, such as connectors, which may be necessary for EMS Wireless testing
or repair.
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Repaired products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty
period, or at least 90 days from date of shipment.
Limitations of Liabilities
EMS Wireless' liability on any claim of any kind, including negligence, for
any loss or damage arising from, connected with, or resulting from the
purchase order, contract, or quotation, or from the performance or breach
thereof, or from the design, manufacture, sale, delivery, installation,
inspection, operation or use of any equipment covered by or furnished under
this contract, shall in no case exceed the purchase price of the device which
gives rise to the claim.
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, EMS WIRELESS MAKES NO
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO
ANY GOODS, PARTS AND SERVICES PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH
THIS AGREEMENT INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. EMS WIRELESS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY OTHER
DAMAGE INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH
FURNISHING OF GOODS, PARTS AND SERVICE HEREUNDER, OR THE
PERFORMANCE, USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE THE GOODS, PARTS AND
SERVICE.
EMS Wireless will not be responsible for loss of output or reduced output of
optoelectronic devices if the customer performs chip mounting, ribbon
bonding, wire bonding, fiber coupling, fiber connectorization, or similar
operations. These processes are critical and may damage the device or may
affect the device's output or the fiber output.
EMS Wireless test reports or data indicating mean-time-to-failure, mean-time-
between-failure, or other reliability date are design guides and are not
intended to imply that individual products or samples of products will
achieve the same results. These numbers are to be used as management and
engineering tools, and are not necessarily indicative of expected field
operation. These numbers assume a mature design, good parts, and no
degradation of reliability due to manufacturing procedures and processes.
This fiber optic laser transmitter contains a class IIIb laser product as defined
by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
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Food and Drug Administration. This laser product complies with 21 CFR,
Chapter I, Subchapter J of the DHEW standards under the Radiation Control
for Health and Safety Act of 1968. The laser module certification label is
located on the equipment enclosure and it also shows the required DANGER
warning logotype (as shown below).
The EMS Wireless laser products are used in optical fiber communications
systems for radio frequency and microwave frequency analog fiber optic
links. In normal operation, these systems are fully enclosed and fully
shielded by the hermetically sealed laser metal package. Laser bias current
is limited by the internal control circuitry. The transmitters are coupled to
glass fiber and have 1310 nm optical output wavelength with typically 0.5 to
20 mW output depending on the model. The optical radiation is confined to
the fiber core. Under these conditions, there is no accessible laser emission
and hence no hazard to safety or health.
Since there is no human access to the laser output during system operation,
no special operator precautions are necessary when fiber is connected to the
transmitter and receiver. During installation, service, or maintenance, the
service technician is warned, however, to take precautions which include not
looking directly into the fiber connector or the fiber which is connected to the
fiber connector before it is connected to the fiber optic receiver. The light
emitted from the fiber optic connector or any fiber connected to the
connector is invisible and may be harmful to the human eye. Use either an
optical power meter or an infrared viewer or fluorescent screen for optical
output verification. All handling precautions as outlined by the FDA and
ANSI Z136.2 and other authorities of class IIIb lasers must be observed.
Do not attempt to modify or to service this Product. Contact the EMS
Wireless Customer Support Department for a return authorization if service
or repair is necessary.
Disclaimer
Every attempt has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and
up-to-date. Users are cautioned, however, that EMS Wireless Inc. reserves
the right to make changes without notice and shall not be responsible for
any damages, including consequential, caused by reliance on the material
presented, including, but not limited to, typographical, arithmetical, or listing
errors.
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INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM
PEAK POWER 30 mW
WAVELENGTH 1300/1550 nm
CLASS IIIb LASER PRODUCT
THIS PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CF
R
CH
A
PTER I SUBCH
A
PTER J
DANGER
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
1.1 System Overview
1.2 Functional Overview
1.2.1 Hub
1.2.2 Fiber
1.2.3 Remote
1.2.4 Antenna
1.2.5 Optional Components
1.2.5.1 AC Power Supply
1.2.5.2 DC Power Supply
1.2.5.3 RF Combiner
2.0 Installation Guide
2.1 Shipment Contents
2.2 Available Options
2.3 Site Selection
2.3.1 Hubs
2.3.2 Remotes
2.4 Pre-Installation
2.5 Power Supply Installation
2.6 Single Hub Installation
2.7 Multiple Hub Installation
2.8 Combiner Installation
2.9 Remote Installation
2.10 System Verification and Initialization
2.10.1 User/Guest Login
2.10.2 Command Structure
2.10.3 Remote Alarm Disabling
2.10.4 Offsets
3.0 Maintenance
3.1 Optical Connector Cleaning
4.0 Specifications
4.1 Link Performance Specifications
4.2 User Requirement Specifications
4.3 Hub Specifications
4.4 AC Power Supply Specifications
4.5 DC Power Supply Specifications
4.6 RF Combiner Specifications
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4.7 Remote Specifications
4.8 Alarm Output Specifications
4.8.1 Internal Alarms
4.8.2 External Alarms
4.8.2.1 Master Hub External Alarm Relays, J26
4.8.2.2 Master Hub External Alarm Relays, J27
5.0 Troubleshooting Guide
5.1 Remote Alarms
5.2 Hub Alarms
5.2.1 Internal Alarms
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Typical EkoLink II Application
Figure 2: EkoLink II Functional Diagram
Figure 3: EkoLink II Hub Front Panel
Figure 4: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel
Figure 5: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel, Left Side Detail
Figure 6: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel, Right Side Detail
Figure 7: EkoLink II Remote Unit Block Diagram
Figure 8: EkoLink II Remote (Standard Enclosure Configuration)
Figure 13: AC Power Supply Rear Panel
Figure 14: DC Power Supply Rear Panel
Figure 15: DC Power Supply, Front View
Figure 16: DC Power Supply, Cabling Detail
Figure 17: RF Combiner Rear Panel
Figure 18: Application of Alarm Relay Contacts
Figure 19: J27 Application, Single Hub Using Internal Supply Voltage
Figure 20: J27 Application, OR Configured Hubs using External Supply
Voltage
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Figure A-1: Connection Description in HyperTerminal
Figure A-2: HyperTerminal Screen for Direct Connection
Figure A-3: Port Settings for Direct Connection and Remote Connection
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Power per Carrier Table
Table 2: Link Performance Specifications
Table 3: User Requirement Specifications
Table 4: EkoLink II Hub Specifications
Table 5: EkoLink II AC Power Supply Specifications
Table 6: EkoLink II DC Power Supply Specifications
Table 7: RF Combiner Specifications
Table 8: EkoLink II Remote Specifications
Table 9: Hub Alarm Conditions
Table 10: J26 Connector
Table 11: J27 Connector
Table 12: Remote Alarm Conditions
Table 13: Hub Alarm Conditions
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1.0 Introduction
The system overview describes the need for distributed RF antenna systems in
general terms and the concept of a fiber optic repeater system. The functional
overview describes the EkoLink II system as it is broken down into its major
components.
1.1 System Overview
The EkoLink II System is designed to distribute Cellular and PCS radio signals
within a building or campus of buildings where coverage/capacity would be
otherwise impeded. Using fiber optics to distribute the signals, and a network of
local antennas, the coverage area can be greatly enhanced. Correctly installed,
the EkoLink II is “transparent” to the service provider while simultaneously greatly
enhancing the coverage on the user’s side.
One of the key advantages of a fiber optic RF distribution system is that it
separates the issues of coverage and capacity. In an alternative system that
covers a building by distributing radio base stations, one must add a base station in
that area when faced with the problem of poor coverage in one section. Thus,
capacity is added to a section which might not need it. Similarly, when faced with a
capacity problem in a portion of the building, one would need an additional base
station regardless of whether additional coverage is required.
Coverage and capacity are two separate problems. With a fiber optic RF
distribution system, there are separate solutions to the two separate problems. For
poor coverage, an additional fiber optic antenna is added; for an area with
insufficient capacity, more base station transceivers are added. In this way,
equipment and channels are most efficiently used, and the entire system is more
economical. Not only can the fiber optic RF distribution system be used to create
uniform coverage throughout the entire building, including stairwells, elevator shafts
and garages, regardless of the size and construction, but it enables centralization
of the equipment. In the fiber optic RF distribution system, the bulky equipment
(such as the base station transceivers, filters, and power supplies) are located in an
equipment room, while the antennas are strategically placed for coverage. This
factor is especially significant in buildings where aesthetics are key, since it is
easier to conceal a small fiber optic antenna than several radios.
In addition to the aesthetic advantages of distributed fiberoptic antennas, the
overall system cost and complexity is greatly reduced. A typical application for the
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EkoLink II system would be a multi-floor building such as the one depicted in
Figure 1. In buildings of this type it is common to find equipment rooms for
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and other utilities such as data
networking and telephony equipment.
There are numerous advantages to centrally located utilities and services and
cellular equipment is no exception. Since the fiberoptic antennas cover the entire
cellular band and are format independent, they are capable of sending any type of
signal throughout the building, whether analog, digital or CDPD, and they can send
them all simultaneously.
The fibers typically emanate from a source point (small base station) in the
building. These fibers run from that source point, piping the signal to many
locations throughout the building as shown in Figure 1.
PBX
to PSTN
LAN
Equipment
Micro Base
Station
CDPD
Micro Base
Station
VOICE
EQUIPMENT ROOM
FIBERS
Combiner
Fiberoptic RF
Distribution Hub
Figure 1. Typical EkoLink II Application.
Because the capacity is determined by the base station equipment, not the
antennas, once a building is wired for RF distribution via fiber optics, capacity and
new services can be added without any changes visible to the customer.
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1.2 Functional Overview
There are four main components comprising the EkoLink II System: The Hub, the
Remote, the Fiber, and the Antenna. Figure 2 is a functional diagram of the
EkoLink II system.
1.2.1 Hub
The Hub interfaces directly to the service provider’s BTS and is typically located in
the equipment or utility room in most installations. It is recommended that the
distance from the BTS to the Hub be kept as short as possible to make the EkoLink
II “transparent” to the service provider. The Hub is the heart of the system and
contains a microprocessor based controller which automatically sets the desired
power level for each of the remotes during installation. At the user’s discretion, the
power level may be adjusted at each remote according to individual requirements.
In most applications, however, the hub will measure the amount of optical loss in
each fiber and set the gain accordingly. This greatly reduces the installation and
setup time.
EkoLink II
HUB
Remote
1
Antenna 1
+20 dBm DL
Remote
2
Antenna 2
+20 dBm DL
Remote
3
Antenna 3
+20 dBm DL
Remote
4
Antenna 4
+20 dBm DL
BTS
UL/DL with WDM
UL/DL with WDM
UL/DL with WDM
UL/DL with WDM
UL
DL
Figure 2. EkoLink II functional diagram.
In addition to automatically adjusting the initial gain settings, the Hub continuously
monitors the operational status of each of the Remote units.
If more than one Hub is used, one Hub will be designated the Master Hub and the
others will be slaved to that Hub. The Master Hub has a Master controller daughter
card which is the chief difference between it and the Slave Hubs.
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Each EkoLink II Hub can support up to four Remotes. If more than four Remotes
are required, up to 3 additional Hubs can be added allowing for a total of 16
Remotes.
Front and rear views of the Hub unit are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6. Figure 3
shows the hub front panel with the uplink and downlink RF connectors (type N
female), and the four fiber optic input/output connectors. Figure 4 shows the rear
panel. Figure 5 shows detail of the left side of the rear panel, with the connection
for the wireline telephone for remote alarming and monitoring, RF Downlink
connections to a slave unit, as well as external alarm connections. Figure 6 shows
detail of the right side of the rear panel, with RF Uplink and Data connections to a
slave unit. Also shown is the DC power connection.
Figure 3: EkoLink II Hub Front Panel
Plexiglas panel to
prevent damage to
FO connections
Master RS-232C port,
used when no Master
Control Module is
installed
DL Connection to BTS UL Connection to BTS
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Figure 4: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel
Figure 5: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel, Left Side Detail
Left side, detailed in Fig. 5 Right side, detailed in Fig. 6
J26 relay alarm outputs, pin 1
on left; see Sect. 4.8.2 J27 collector alarm outputs,
pin 1 on left; see Sect. 4.8.2
DL RF
connections to
slave hub unit
RJ11
modem
connections
for alarming
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1.2.2 Fiber
EMS recommends single mode 9/125 µm optical fiber for use in the EkoLink II
system. It is also recommended that a high quality SC/APC connector be used to
minimize reflections at the mating ends of the fiber. SC/APC connectors are
standard on both the Remote and the Hub. All connectors should be thoroughly
cleaned prior to each mating and plastic caps used to cover the connectors when
not mated. Dust and other contaminants can scratch and permanently damage
fiber connectors.
The maximum length for a fiber run is a function of the loss within the fiber itself
plus some margin for aging and other factors.
Figure 6: EkoLink II Hub Rear Panel, Right Side Detail
Data I/O
for Slave
Hubs
DC Power
Connection
RF UL
Connections for
Slave Hub
RS-232
Communications
Port
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The maximum fiber loss (including connectors) for EkoLink II is 5.0 dB. This
correlates to roughly 10 km for a typical fiber such as Corning SMF-28.
1.2.3 Remote
The remote is designed to convert the Fiber Optic Signals to/from RF and transmit
those signals to/from the Hub. Figure 7 is a functional diagram of the EkoLink II
remote.
EkoLink II
Remote Antenna
+20 dBm DL
UL/DL with WDM
+20 to +48 V DC Power
WDM
DL
UL
1550 nm
PA
Duplexer
1310 nm
Figure 7: EkoLink II Remote Unit Block Diagram.
Each Remote is in an enclosure suitable to the application specific requirements.
The standard EkoLink II Remote offering is a 19-inch rack mount configuration as
shown in Figure 8.
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Figure 8: EkoLink II Remote (standard enclosure configuration).
The Antenna port on each of the EkoLink II Remote enclosures is a standard 50 Ω,
N-type connector.
1.2.4 Antenna
The user supplied antenna is the final element in the EkoLink II system. Any
number of antennas may be used so long as it is matched to 50 Ω.
1.2.5 Optional Components
The components listed above are mandatory for any EkoLink II system
deployment. For added safety, flexibility, and convenience to the installer,
several optional components are also offered. The following sections describe
some of the more frequently used optional components.
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1.2.5.1 AC Power Supply
There are two power supply offerings available from EMS Wireless which are
specifically designed for deployment in EkoLink II systems. The AC Supply is
shown in Figure 13. It has eight outputs for EkoLink II systems.
Figure 13: AC Power Supply Rear Panel.
1.2.5.2 DC Power Supply
In many telecommunications applications equipment is powered by 48 Volt DC
power. If the user desires, or is required to use 48 VDC, EMS offers a DC supply
for deployment with the EkoLink II system. This is shown in Figures 14, 15, and
16.
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Figure 14: DC Power Supply, Rear View
Figure 15: DC Power Supply, Front View
48 VDC
outputs fo
r
remotes
24 VDC
input from
BTS
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Figure 16: DC Power Supply, Cabling Detail
(+) 24 VDC
Connection
(+) 48 VDC
Connection
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1.2.5.3 RF Combiner
The user desiring to accommodate more than one carrier in an EkoLink II system
will require a combiner such as the one depicted in Figure 17.
Figure 17: DC Power Supply, Input and Output Connector Formats
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Figure 18: RF Combiner Rear Panel.
The RF Combiner is installed at the Hub and accommodates two BTS inputs.
2.0 Installation Guide
The following guidelines provide a step by step installation procedure which should
be followed closely to insure a successful deployment. The photographs in Section
1 should be referred to frequently as the installation proceeds.
2.1 Shipment Contents
The following items should be included with each EkoLink II Shipment:
Hub(s)
Remotes(s)
User manual (this document)
Software Command Reference Manual
AC Power supply (optional)
2.2 Site Selection
2.2.1 Hubs
The Hub(s) should be located as close as possible to the donor BTS. Observe all
environmental specifications for the hub to avoid damage from moisture, heat, cold,
etc.
2.2.2 Remotes
Ensure that each remote location is as close as possible to the dedicated
antenna(s) it serves. Observe all environmental specifications for the remote to
avoid damage from moisture, heat, cold, etc.
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2.3 Pre-installation
Prior to installation, a carefully planned system layout should be documented. At a
minimum, this document should include the location of the Hub, the location of the
Remotes, the Antenna locations, the fiber locations and lengths, and the location of
the power supplies for both Hubs and Remotes.
The Hub is located at the Building Base Station or BTS. The Hub interfaces with
the user's PCS System. The Remote units are distributed in the building and
interface to the user’s antennas. Optical fiber cables connect the Hub to the
Remote units. The Hub is typically powered by an AC power supply. The AC
power supply will power up to eight Remotes.
In this section, instructions are provided for organizing the system layout before
installation. The installer or operator must make sure that certain requirements
have been met before beginning installation. In addition, all cables and fibers must
be labeled, and the entire system configuration must be documented. Steps for
this pre-installation set-up are given below.
Frequent referral to the Functional Overview section of this manual with its detailed
photographs will facilitate installation of the system.
1. One optical fiber is required for each Antenna unit; each Hub can connect to
up to four Remote units. Angle-polished SC/APC connectorized optical fiber cable
must be installed in the building. Any optical connector used between the Hub and
the Remote units should be an angle-polished connector specified for return loss
>55 dB. Fusion splices to connect fibers are also suitable. Flat polished
connectors anywhere along the optical fiber path will degrade the system
performance.
2. The customer must provide the following equipment for installation:
(a) Optical connector cleaning kit: cotton swabs, alcohol, dust-free
compressed air
(b) Crimping tool, mating connectors, and pin crimps for the DC
electrical connectors and alarm outputs at the Hub.
(c) Philips screwdriver
(d) Personal computer or laptop with terminal program such as
HyperTerminal.
(e) Volt Meter
3. Not essential, but useful for diagnostics are the following equipment:
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(a) RF power meter
(b) Optical power meter
(c) RF Spectrum analyzer
(d) Signal generator
2.4 Power Supply Installation
If purchased, install the power supply and connect power to the Hub. The 120
VAC power supply has an on-off switch which is located on the rear of the chassis.
This should remain in the off position until the installation is completed.
2.5 Single Hub Installation
To Install the Hub, locate it as close as possible to the Service Provider’s BTS.
Any distance between the BTS and Hub will result in unnecessary cable losses. It
is also very important to ensure that the composite RF Downlink power does not
exceed +20 dBm. Table 1 shows the maximum allowable power setting for each
carrier to arrive at a composite power of +20 dBm.
Number of Carriers Power Per Carrier
1 +20 dBm
2 +17 dBm
3 +15.2 dBm
4 +14 dBm
n +20 - [10log(n)] dBm/ch
Table 1. Power per carrier table
Note that each additional provider requires a reduction in carrier power to maintain
the maximum rated input power of +20 dBm.
• Using a Philips screwdriver and the provided screws, secure the Hub in a
standard 19” equipment rack near the BTS.
• Connect the Downlink RF Output from the BTS to the RF Input on the Hub.
• Connect the RF Output from the Hub to the BTS Uplink port.
• Connect the power to the Hub.
• If the modem option was purchased and a dedicated phone line is available,
connect the RJ-45 phone jack.
• Log onto the Hub as user and follow the system initialization procedures.
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2.6 Multiple Hub Installation
For installations requiring more than one Hub, there will be one Hub designated as
the Master and the other Hubs will be slaved to the Master. Up to three additional
Hubs can be slaved to a single Master Hub. The BTS will only interface to the
Master Hub. An optional Master Alarm Controller may be purchased to allow
alarms to be reported to an offsite monitoring station. If purchased, the Master
Alarm Controller will be factory installed.
• Identify the Master Hub and using a Philips screwdriver and the provided
screws, secure the Master Hub in a standard 19” equipment rack near the
BTS
• Install the Slave Hub(s) using a Philips screwdriver and the provided screws,
secure the Hub(s) in a standard 19” equipment rack near the Master Hub
• Using SMA cables, connect the Slave Downlink Outputs on the rear of the
Master Hub to the Slave Downlink Inputs on the Slave Hub(s)
• Using SMA cables, connect the Slave Uplink Inputs on the rear of the Master
Hub to the Slave Uplink Inputs
• If purchased, connect a standard RJ-45 phone cable to the Master Alarm
Controller located on the rear of the Master Hub.
2.7 Combiner Installation
To install the combiner, locate it as close as possible to the BTS and Hub
installation site. All connections should be made with High quality, low loss RF
cables with 50 Ω, type N terminations.
• Connect the Duplexed BTS Input from service Provider A to the Combiner
Port A
• Connect the Duplexed BTS Input from service Provider B to the Combiner
Port B
• Connect the Combined TX Port on the Combiner to the Hub RF Input Port
• Connect the Combined RX Port on the Combiner to the Hub RF Output Port
2.8 Remote Installation
To install the remote(s), locate it as nearly as possible to the designated antenna.
• Mechanically secure the Remote in an equipment rack near the Antenna or in
its designated location.
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• For external antenna use, connect the Antenna to the remote using 50 Ω
cable with an N-type connector.
• Remove the cover on the Remote fiber connector. Using a dust free air
source, clean the fiber connector.
• Remove the plastic cover on the fiber and clean the connector tip.
• Connect the fiber(s) to the remote.
• Ensure that the power switch on the main power supply is in the “off” position
and connect the power to the Remote observing the polarity markings.
• After power-up, the front panel LED should be Amber for 10 seconds and then
turn green (assuming the Hub is connected properly)
2.9 System Verification and Initialization
If all the previous steps have been followed carefully, the EkoLink II system is now
ready for verification and initialization. Connect to the Hub via serial cable or
modem.
Note that if no master controller is present, the user will connect to the “HUB
RS232” connector located on the rear of each Hub. If the Master Controller
module was purchased, the user can connect to the “Master RS232” port
located on the front of the Master Hub.
The standard terminal settings are:
• 9600 Baud
• 8 Data bits
• 1 Stop bit
• No flow control
• No Parity
If you are unfamiliar with serial communications, please refer to Appendix A
for a step by step guide to connecting to the Hub.
1. At the Hub, apply power to the system by turning the power to the
“on” position. The Hub LEDs should be green if everything is functioning
properly. If any of the LEDs are flashing, there is an alarm condition and
you should refer to section 5.0 to troubleshoot the problem.
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2. Note that, any unused ports on the Hub will indicate an alarm
condition until the user commands the Hub to ignore those ports. Please
refer to the System Initialization section for further details. Each Remote
has one alarm LED. When power is first applied to the Remote, its LED will
be amber for a period of 10 seconds. After the initial period, the LED will
indicate either an alarmed condition or normal operation. A solid green
LED indication on the Remote is normal and means that everything is
functioning properly. If any of the Remote LEDs are not green, there is an
alarm condition. Refer to section 5.0 to troubleshoot the problem.
2.9.1 User/Guest Login
When the Hub Controller first powers up, there is a start-up message
indicating the firmware release and copyright legends:
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
If the user presses the ENTER key, the login prompt is displayed:
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
Username:
There are two basic types of login available to the customer; guest, and
user. The guest login is for simple monitoring of the unit; ability to change
settings is limited. The user login is for the customer use and allows basic
system changes to be made to the module. Note that the login username
and password are CASE-SENSITIVE!
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
Username: user
Password: ****
Access granted to user
2>
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The last entry “2>” is the prompt indicating the user’s level of privilege. The
prompt may be composed of several “reminders”; where a single capital letter
indicates a system change. These reminders are as follows:
<1> Login privilege level of “guest”
<2> Login privilege level of “user”
“A” An alarm is active
“C” Calibration tables are invalid; the default calibration
tables are in use.
“F” Settings do not agree with the stored values in flash memory.
This is usually the result of a change due to a user’s command
setting. All settings are read from the user’s settings in
flash on power-up. If the check value does not agree, then
the default settings are used.
2.9.2 Command Structure
There is an extensive user help menu available to the user and a separate
software command reference manual. The basic format for all the
commands is:
<Primary-Command> <Secondary-Command> = <setting>
All commands are made up of this generic format; in some cases, there is no
setting or secondary command. The command set is basically a tree
diagram, where typing in the primary (and optionally secondary) command
with the setting result in a change in the module’s operational parameters.
All input is case-insensitive for commands. For example:
set laser 1 = on
This command would turn the laser #1 on at the present potentiometer
setting stored in memory.
2.9.3 Remote Alarm Disabling
From the factory, the Hub is programmed to alarm any time a Remote is
disconnected from the Hub. This safety feature is designed to indicate such
catastrophic events as the fiber to the Remote being cut. For a Hub that
does not use all four channels, the unused channels will report an alarm by
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default. These are false alarms and it will be necessary for the user to
disable these unused channels to clear the alarms.
The command to disable the unused channels is:
2>set fiber <n> = disabled
Where n corresponds to the desired channel. In the event that the wrong
channel is inadvertently disabled or a remote is added at a later time the
disable channel should be enabled using the following command.
2>set fiber <n> = on
where n corresponds to the desired channel.
2.9.4 Offsets
Under normal conditions, the factory default power settings are configured to
provide +20 dBm output power at each remote. The factory settings will
provide optimum performance in most environments; however the user has
the option to change the power settings in each remote according to
individual requirements.
Set an “offset” to the default value for the desired remote. For example, to
set remote 1 to +18 dBm type:
2>set remote 1 = -2
The range for the offsets is –10 dB to +0 dB and can only be set in 1 dB
increments. In this way, each remote can be tuned to the user’s specific
requirements after the system is deployed.
To verify the offsets for each remote the following command may be used:
2> get remote n
where n is the number of the specific remote offset requested.
3.0 Maintenance
The EkoLink II system is designed to be virtually maintenance free for the
user.
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CAUTION
Do Not look directly at the end
of an optical connector which emits laser light!
The system normally operates without operator intervention. If any unit fails,
the line replaceable unit (Remote unit or Hub) should be replaced and the
system restored. A failed Remote unit can be removed and replaced with a
spare while the rest of the system is operating. A Hub replacement will
require temporary loss of signal to its associated Remotes.
One of the most important requirements is to maintain clean, undamaged
optical interfaces. Any optical connector which is not used must be covered
with a protective cap. There are four optical connectors for each Hub and one
optical connector for each Remote unit. These connectors are internal to the
units and not field serviceable. To ensure that the internal connectors are not
inadvertently damaged, just prior to mating an external optical fiber connector
to a Transceiver or Remote unit, the external connector should be cleaned as
described below.
3.1 Optical Connector Cleaning
Before each mating of Fiber Connectors, both connectors should be properly
cleaned. The following guidelines provide the user with some basic
techniques for maintain good fiber connector integrity.
1. It is very important to maintain clean, scratch-free optical connectors.
Whenever an optical cable is removed, place a protective cap over the
optical connector at both the cable end and at the Hub or Remote unit.
2. The less frequently Fiber Connectors are handled, the better their
integrity.
3. To clean an optical connector, gently wipe the tip of the ferrule with a
cotton swab moistened with alcohol, then blow the ferrule dry using dust-free
compressed air.
4. The optical connectors for the Hubs and the Remote units are
internal, and cannot be cleaned in the field.
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After the system is installed there should be no need for periodic cleaning of
the fiber connectors.
4.0 Specifications
The specifications are divided into several sections including:
• Link Performance Specifications
• User Requirement Specification
• Hub Specifications
• AC Power Supply Specifications
• DC Power Supply Specifications
• RF Combiner Specification
• Remote Specifications
• Alarm Output Specifications
4.1 Link Performance specifications
The performance levels shown in Table 2 are for an optical loss budget of 5
dB, which is the typical optical path loss for 10 km optical fiber and a pair of
optical connectors. Optical reflection in both directions must be must be less
than -40 dB. Otherwise, the overall system performance may be degraded.
PARAMETER DOWNLINK UPLINK
Passband: PCS
DCS (L)
DCS (H)
Cellular
GSM
ESMR
1930 to 1990 MHz
1805 to 1855 MHz
1830 to 1880 MHz
869 to 894 MHz
935 to 960 MHz
851 to 869 MHz
1850 to 1910 MHz
1710 to 1760 MHz
1735 to 1785 MHz
824 to 849 MHz
890 to 915 MHz
806 to 924 MHz
Optical Budget 5 dB 5 dB
Composite RF Input +20 dBm -100 to -55 dBm/ch
RF Loss (at 25oC) 0 dB ± 2 dB 0 dB ± 2 dB
Response Flatness ± 2 dB ± 2 dB
Gain Variation over
Temp
± 2 dB ± 2 dB
Downlink 2-Tone Output
Carrier to 3rd Order
Intermodulation
>48 dB (RFout/tn = 17
dBm)
≥50 dB (RFin/tn = -58
dBm)
Output Carrier to Noise:
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PARAMETER DOWNLINK UPLINK
30kHz BW
200kHz BW
Pout=+9dBm
≥64 dB
≥56 dB
---
---
Sensitivity for 200kHz BW for
BTS S/N of 9dB
--- -98 dBm
Sensitivity for 1.25MHz BW
for Eb/No of 7dB and 14.4kHz
data rate
--- -111dBm
SFDR in 200kHz BW 53 dB 61 dB
Propagation Delay <0.5 µs (RF) +
5 µs/km,typ (fiber)
<0.5 µs (RF) +
5 µs/km,typ (fiber)
Impedance 50 Ω 50 Ω
Input/Output VSWR <1.5:1 <1.5:1
Hub RF Connector N-type N-type
Remote RF Connector N-type N-type
Optical Connector SC/APC SC/APC
Optical Fiber 9/125 µm (core/clad)
1310 nm, singlemode
9/125 µm (core/clad)
1310 nm, singlemode
Wavelength 1310 nm 1550 nm
Table 2. Link Performance specifications.
4.2 User Requirement Specifications
Table 3 shows requirements that the user must satisfy for proper operation of
the EkoLink II system.
PARAMETER USER REQUIREMENT
Max Composite RF Input
(damage level)
+30 dBm (downlink)
+10 dBm (uplink)
Max Optical Fiber Length 10 km
Optical Fiber 9/125 µm (core/clad)
1310 nm, singlemode
Optical Connectors SC/APC
Optical Return Loss ≥ 40 dB
Number of Optical Fibers One per remote unit
Chassis AC Power
(factory configured)
90 to 135 VAC or 184 to 264 VAC
50-60 Hz
Backup Power Supply +12 VDC ± 0.5 V, 8.5 A max load
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PARAMETER USER REQUIREMENT
(Optional) Ripple < 170 mV pp
Remote DC Power 20 - 48 VDC V at 0.4 A
Ripple: <170 mV, freq >300 Hz
<300 mV, freq <300 Hz
Rack Chassis: 3U high, 19" (7.5 cm) wide, 12.84"
(32.6 cm) deep
1U (1.75" [4.4 cm]) air space above and below
each chassis
Temperature
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs water/dry
air)
Max Length Wires to
Supply DC Power to
Antenna Units (Assuming
22 VDC Power)
<2000 ft (<610 meters) with 22 AWG Copper
Wire
Table 3. User Requirement Specifications.
4.3 Hub Specifications
Table 4 is a list of specifications for the EkoLink Hub.
PARAMETER USER REQUIREMENT
Max Composite RF Input
(damage level)
+30 dBm (downlink)
+10 dBm (uplink)
Max Optical Link Loss 5dB
Optical Fiber Single Mode Fiber
Optical Connectors SC/APC
Optical Return Loss ≥ 40 dB
Number of Optical Fibers One per remote unit
Chassis AC Power
(factory configured)
90 to 135 VAC or 184 to 264 VAC
50-60 Hz
Backup Power Supply
(Optional)
+24 VDC ± 0.5 V, 8.5 A max load
Ripple < 170 mV pp
Hub DC power 20 - 48 VDC at 7.5W
Ripple: <170 mV, freq >300 Hz
<300 mV, freq <300 Hz
Rack Chassis: 3U hi
g
h, 19"
(
7.5 cm
)
wide, 12.84”
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PARAMETER USER REQUIREMENT
(32.6 cm) deep
1U (1.75" [4.4 cm]) air space above and below
each chassis
Temperature
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs water/dry
air)
Table 4. EkoLink II Hub Specifications
4.4 AC Power Supply Specifications
The EkoLink II system is available in AC and DC input power supply options.
Shown in Table 5 is a list of specifications for the AC option.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Input Voltage
(factory configured)
90 to 135 VAC
or
184 to 264 VAC, 50-60Hz
Output Voltage +48 VDC ± 0.5 V
Maximum Load 7.8 A
Available Continuous Power 375 W at 50oC
Efficiency 70%
Noise Spikes <170 mV p-p
AC Power Plug North America 5-15P
3-pin Remote/Hub power connections 48 VDC ± 0.5 V
Dimensions H x W x D 3.47" x 19" x 12.84" (8.8 cm x 48.3 cm x
32.6 cm)
Temperature Range
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs
water/dry air)
Table 5. EkoLink II AC Power Supply Specifications.
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4.5 DC Power Supply Specifications
Table 6 shows a list of specifications for the DC-DC power supply. The
supply requires a 24VDC battery input common to wireless service provider
base transceiver stations.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
Input Voltage 24VDC Battery
Output Voltage +48 VDC ± 0.5 V
Maximum Load 8.5 A
Available Continuous Power 375 W at 50oC
Efficiency 84%
Noise Spikes <170 mV p-p
AC Power Plug North America 5-15P
3-pin Remote/Hub power connections 48 VDC ± 0.5 V
Dimensions H x W x D 3.47" x 19" x 12.84" (8.8 cm x 48.3 cm x
32.6 cm)
Temperature Range
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs
water/dry air)
Table 6. EkoLink II DC Power Supply Specifications
4.6 RF Combiner Specifications
The RF Combiner Specifications are listed in Table 7.
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PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
BTS TX Input Power, max +30dBm
BTS TX Input Power No Damage +40dBm
Combined TX Output Power +20dBm
Insertion loss per BTS TX 13dB
Isolation - BTS Tx to BTS Tx 45dB
Isolation - Tx to Rx, Min 50dB
Insertion loss - BTS Rx (single band) < 6dB
Insertion loss - BTS Rx (dual band) < 10dB
Dimensions 19"L X 12.81"W X 3.47"D (48.3 cm x
32.5 cm x 8.8 cm)
Weight (approximate) 10 lbs. (4.5 kg)
Temperature Range
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs
water/dry air)
Table 7. RF Combiner Specifications
4.7 Remote specifications
Table 8 is a list of specifications for the Standard Remote.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
Passband: PCS
DCS (L)
DCS (H)
Cellular
GSM
ESMR
1930 to 1990 MHz
1805 to 1855 MHz
1830 to 1880 MHz
869 to 894 MHz
935 to 960 MHz
851 to 869 MHz
Optical Connectors SC/APC
Wavelength
Uplink
Downlink
1550 nm ± 30 nm
1310 nm ± 30 nm
Optical Output Power
(at I-Ith = 40 mA)
0 dBm ± 2 dB typical
Optical Return Loss > 40 dB
LED Indicators Green: Normal Operation
Other than Green: Alarm
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PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
External DC Power
Supply Requirement
20 - 48 V ± 1 V at 0.4 A
(Max Ripple: <170 mV pp
Dimensions 19"L X 12.84"W X 3.47"D (48.3 cm x
32.6 cm x 8.8 cm) (EkoLink Standard)
Weight (approximate) 8 lbs. (3.6 kg) (Standard Enclosure)
Max Uplink RF Input Power -10 dBm Max (no damage)
Downlink RF Output Power +20 dBm (normal operation)
Temperature Range
Performance to Full Spec
Operating
Storage
Relative Humidity
Operating
Short Term
5oC to 40oC
0oC to 50oC
-20oC to 65oC
20 to 55%
10 to 80% (not exceeding 0.024 lbs
water/dry air)
Table 8. EkoLink II Remote Specifications
4.8 Alarm Output Specifications
The Hub has both Internal and External Alarming capability. The following
paragraphs describe these alarms in detail.
4.8.1 Internal Alarms
The Internal Hub Alarms are described in Table9.
Alarm Description LED
Indication
CPU Temperature Alarm All Flashing
Red
Optical Receiver <n>: Low Power
Detected when ON
Solid Red
Optical Receiver <n>: Power Detected
when OFF
Solid Red
Remote <n> Failure Detected Flashing
Amber
Hub Laser <m> Failure Detected Flashing
Amber (4)
InterHUB Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
External-1 Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
External-2 Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
No Alarm Solid Green
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Table 9. Hub Alarm Conditions.
The user may also log into the Hub and, using the Alarm command,
diagnose the alarm conditions.
4.8.2 External Alarms
Frequently the user may desire to interface alarms in the EkoLink II system
with a BTS or other systems. For this purpose, user configurable alarm
outputs are accessed using J26 and J27 found on the rear panel of the
EkoLink II Hub.
4.8.2.1 Master Hub External Alarm Relays, J26
Connector J26 supplies the user with relay contacts for custom alarm
configurations defined by the customer requirements. The dry contact relay
outputs are only available in the Master Hub with a Master Hub Controller
option installed. J26 pin descriptions are shown in Table 10. Contact
current should be limited to 2 Amps or less.
Pin Signal Description
1 ALARM-1-NO Alarm Relay #1 Normally-Open
2 ALARM-1-C Alarm Relay #1 Contact
3 ALARM-1-NC Alarm Relay #1 Normally-Closed
4 ALARM-2-NO Alarm Relay #2 Normally-Open
5 ALARM-2-C Alarm Relay #2 Contact
6 ALARM-2-NC Alarm Relay #2 Normally-Closed
Table 10. J26 Connector
A typical application circuit can be seen in Figure 10.
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C
C
NC
NC
NO
NO
Pin 1: ALARM-1-NO
J26
Pin 2: ALARM-1-C
Pin 3: ALARM-1-NC
Pin 4: ALARM-2-NO
Pin 5: ALARM-2-C
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
Alarm 1
Alarm 2
Green Light (No Alarm Indicator)
Red Light (Alarm Indicator)
Typical application circuits
Audible Buzzer (Alarm Indicator)
General Circuit Topology
2 Amp Max Load Current
Figure 18: Application of Alarm Relay Contacts
4.8.2.2 Master Hub External Alarm Connections, J27
Connector J27 provides user configurable external alarm connections. J27
alarm outputs are available on all EkoLink II Hubs with or without a master
control module. Pin definitions for connector J27 can be seen in Table 11.
Pin Signal Description
1 V-ALARM +5 Volts Output for alarm
2 ALARM-OC Open-Collector Alarm Output
3 GND Signal Ground
4 Not Connected <No connection>
5 EXT-ALARM-1-IN TTL Alarm Input #1
6 EXT-ALARM-2-IN TTL Alarm Input #2
Table 11. J27 Connector
The alarm output can be driven using the internal voltage supplied by pin 1.
This can be seen in Figure 11.
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Alarm N/C
Pin 1: V-ALARM
Pin 2: ALARM-OC
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: Not Connected
Pin 5: EXT-ALARM-1-IN
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
+5VDC
uCont
J27
General Circuit Topology Typical Application Circuit
R
** - Use R to limit current
to 20mA
Figure 19. J27 Application, Single Hub using internal supply
voltage.
The Hubs may also be configured in an OR configuration as seen in Figure
12. External alarm circuitry must be current limited to 20mA.
Alarm N/C
Pin 1: V-ALARM
Pin 2: ALARM-OC
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: Not Connected
Pin 5: EXT-ALARM-1-IN
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
+5VDC
uCont
J27
General Circuit Topology
Typical Application Circuit
R
** - Use R to limit current
to 20mA
Alarm Voltage sense line pulled
low in alarm condition
Alarm N/C
Pin 1: V-ALARM
Pin 2: ALARM-OC
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: Not Connected
Pin 5: EXT-ALARM-1-IN
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
+5VDC
uCont
J27
General Circuit Topology
Alarm N/C
Pin 1: V-ALARM
Pin 2: ALARM-OC
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: Not Connected
Pin 5: EXT-ALARM-1-IN
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
+5VDC
uCont
J27
General Circuit Topology
Alarm N/C
Pin 1: V-ALARM
Pin 2: ALARM-OC
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: Not Connected
Pin 5: EXT-ALARM-1-IN
Pin 6: ALARM-2-NC
+5VDC
uCont
J27
General Circuit Topology
Figure 20. J27 Application, OR Configured Hubs using external
supply voltage.
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5.0 Troubleshooting Guide
The chief indicator of a failure is the Status LED located on each of the
Remotes and the Hub. The user can ascertain the nature of the failure by
either logging into the Hub and invoking the Alarm command or by using
Tables 12 and 13 below.
Under normal operating conditions, these LEDs will be solid green. If an
alarm condition occurs, the LEDs will indicate the nature of the failure and
assist the user in deciding on a coarse of action. It is recommended that,
before taking any corrective measures, or disconnecting either the Remote or
Hub units, the user ascertain the exact nature of the alarm by referring to the
tables below.
5.1 Remote Alarms
The Hub LEDs will indicate when an alarmed condition exists at one of the
remotes. To ascertain the nature of a failure, observe both the Remote LED
and the Hub LEDs and compare them to Table 12 below.
Alarm Description Remote LED
Indication Hub LED
Indication
RF Uplink Pre-Amp Failure Alarm Flashing Red Flashing Red
RF Uplink AGC-Amp Failure Alarm Flashing Red Flashing Red
RF Uplink Post-Amp Failure Alarm Flashing Red Flashing Red
CPU Temperature Alarm Flashing Amber Flashing Red
Remote Laser Failure Alarm Solid Amber Solid Red
Remote Laser Feedback Alarm Solid Amber Flashing Red
Optical Receive Power Alarm Solid Red Flashing Red
RF Overdrive Alarm Flashing Red Flashing Red
No Alarm Solid Green Solid Green
RF Downlink Power Alarm Flashing Red Flashing Red
Table 12. Remote Alarm Conditions
After noting the type of alarm, the failed unit should be replaced.
5.2 Hub Alarms
The Hub has both Internal and External Alarming capability. The following
paragraphs describe these alarms in detail.
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5.2.1 Internal Alarms
The Internal Hub Alarms are described in Table 13.
Alarm Description LED Indication
CPU Temperature Alarm All Flashing Red
Optical Receiver <n>: Low Power Detected
when ON
Solid Red
Optical Receiver <n>: Power Detected
when OFF
Solid Red
Remote <n> Failure Detected Flashing Amber
Hub Laser <m> Failure Detected Flashing Amber (4)
InterHUB Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
External-1 Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
External-2 Alarm is ACTIVE (None)
RF Downlink Power Alarm Flashing Red
No Alarm Solid Green
Table 13. Hub Alarm Conditions.
The user may also log into the Hub and, using the Alarm command,
diagnose the alarm conditions.
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APPENDIX A
Terminal Communications
The EkoLink II can be configured and monitored via direct serial RS-232
connection. The following paragraphs describe in detail how to connect to the
Hub.
Direct Terminal Connection
The EkoLink II Hub can be controlled via standard RS232 Communications port
located on the front of the Hub chassis. A laptop computer is recommended for
system setup and verification. If a laptop is unavailable, a standard Personal
Computer may be used but the serial cable connection must be kept less than 10
feet.
Connect a serial cable form the laptop to the Hub and run your favorite terminal
program. The standard terminal settings are:
• 9600 Baud
• No Parity
• 1 Stop bit
HyperTerminal Configuration
HyperTerminal is a common communications program included with Microsoft
Windows operating systems. Windows 95 and all newer versions of Windows
has this software which can be used to initialize the EkoLink II. Following is a
step-by-step guide to configuring the software to communicate with your Hub
controller.
1. In the Start menu, open the Programs folder. Navigate to the Accessories folder
and then the Communications folder.
2. Select the HyperTerminal icon.
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3. A dialog box will ask you to name the session. Use any name you choose.
For this example, the name EkoLink II was used. Select the icon showing the
two telephones as shown in Figure A-1.
Figure A-1. Connection Description in HyperTerminal
4. For a direct connection to the repeater, choose “Direct to Com X” in
the drop down box in Figure A-2.
Figure A-2. HyperTerminal Screen for Direct Connection.
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5. After clicking OK, you will need to choose “Port Settings.” Select:
• Bits per Second: 9600
• Data bits: 8
• Parity: None
• Stop bits: 1
• Flow control: None
Figure A-3. Port Settings for Direct Connection and Remote
Connection
The port settings will be the same for direct connection and remote
connection, except for the flow control. For a direct connection to the
repeater, make sure flow control is set to “None.”
Installation Guide
EkoLink II
Fiber Optic Distributed
Antenna System
2850 Colonnades Court
Norcross, GA 30071 U. S. A.
Tel: +1 770.582.0555
Fax +1 770.729.0075
608577-2 Rev A
7 August 2003
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1.0 Installation Guide
The following guidelines provide a step by step installation procedure which should
be followed closely to insure a successful deployment.
1.1 Shipment Contents
The following items should be included with each EkoLink II Shipment:
Hub(s)
Remotes(s)
User manual (this document)
Software Command Reference Manual
AC Power supply (optional)
1.2 Site Selection
1.2.1 Hubs
The Hub(s) should be located as close as possible to the donor BTS. Observe all
environmental specifications for the hub to avoid damage from moisture, heat, cold,
etc.
1.2.2 Remotes
Ensure that each remote location is as close as possible to the dedicated
antenna(s) it serves. Observe all environmental specifications for the remote to
avoid damage from moisture, heat, cold, etc.
1.3 Pre-installation
Prior to installation, a carefully planned system layout should be documented. At a
minimum, this document should include the location of the Hub, the location of the
Remotes, the Antenna locations, the fiber locations and lengths, and the location of
the power supplies for both Hubs and Remotes.
The Hub is located at the Building Base Station or BTS. The Hub interfaces with
the user's PCS System. The Remote units are distributed in the building and
interface to the user’s antennas. Optical fiber cables connect the Hub to the
Remote units. The Hub is typically powered by an AC power supply. The AC
power supply will power up to eight Remotes.
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In this section, instructions are provided for organizing the system layout before
installation. The installer or operator must make sure that certain requirements
have been met before beginning installation. In addition, all cables and fibers must
be labeled, and the entire system configuration must be documented. Steps for
this pre-installation set-up are given below.
Frequent referral to the Functional Overview section of the Operator’s Manual with
its detailed photographs will facilitate installation of the system.
1. One optical fiber is required for each Antenna unit; each Hub can connect to
up to four Remote units. Angle-polished SC/APC connectorized optical fiber cable
must be installed in the building. Any optical connector used between the Hub and
the Remote units should be an angle-polished connector specified for return loss
>55 dB. Fusion splices to connect fibers are also suitable. Flat polished
connectors anywhere along the optical fiber path will degrade the system
performance.
2. The customer must provide the following equipment for installation:
(a) Optical connector cleaning kit: cotton swabs, alcohol, dust-free
compressed air
(b) Crimping tool, mating connectors, and pin crimps for the DC
electrical connectors and alarm outputs at the Hub.
(c) Philips screwdriver
(d) Personal computer or laptop with terminal program such as
HyperTerminal.
(e) Volt Meter
3. Not essential, but useful for diagnostics are the following equipment:
(a) RF power meter
(b) Optical power meter
(c) RF Spectrum analyzer
(d) Signal generator
1.4 Power Supply Installation
If purchased, install the power supply and connect power to the Hub. An on-off
switch is located in the rear of the chassis and should remain in the off position until
the installation is completed. Before connecting the Hub or Remotes to the power
supply, apply AC power to the supply and verify the 48 V output with a Volt meter.
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1.5 Single Hub Installation
To Install the Hub, locate it as close as possible to the Service Provider’s BTS.
Any distance between the BTS and Hub will result in unnecessary cable losses. It
is also very important to ensure that the composite RF Downlink power does not
exceed +20 dBm. Table 1 shows the maximum allowable power setting for each
carrier to arrive at a composite power of +20 dBm.
Number of Carriers Power Per Carrier
1 +20 dBm
2 +17 dBm
3 +15.2 dBm
4 +14 dBm
n +20 - [10log(n)] dBm/ch
Table 1. Power per carrier table
Note that each additional provider requires a reduction in carrier power to maintain
the maximum rated input power of +20 dBm.
• Using a Philips screwdriver and the provided screws, secure the Hub in a
standard 19” equipment rack near the BTS.
• Connect the Downlink RF Output from the BTS to the RF Input on the Hub.
• Connect the RF Output from the Hub to the BTS Uplink port.
• Connect the power to the Hub.
• If the modem option was purchased and a dedicated phone line is available,
connect the RJ-45 phone jack.
• Log onto the Hub as user and follow the system initialization procedures.
1.6 Multiple Hub Installation
For installations requiring more than one Hub, there will be one Hub designated as
the Master and the other Hubs will be slaved to the Master. Up to three additional
Hubs can be slaved to a single Master Hub. The BTS will only interface to the
Master Hub. An optional Master Alarm Controller may be purchased to allow
alarms to be reported to an offsite monitoring station. If purchased, the Master
Alarm Controller will be factory installed.
• Identify the Master Hub and using a Philips screwdriver and the provided
screws, secure the Master Hub in a standard 19” equipment rack near the
BTS
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• Install the Slave Hub(s) using a Philips screwdriver and the provided screws,
secure the Hub(s) in a standard 19” equipment rack near the Master Hub
• Using SMA cables, connect the Slave Downlink Outputs on the rear of the
Master Hub to the Slave Downlink Inputs on the Slave Hub(s)
• Using SMA cables, connect the Slave Uplink Inputs on the rear of the Master
Hub to the Slave Uplink Inputs
• If purchased, connect a standard RJ-45 phone cable to the Master Alarm
Controller located on the rear of the Master Hub.
1.7 Combiner Installation
To install the combiner, locate it as close as possible to the BTS and Hub
installation site. All connections should be made with High quality, low loss RF
cables with 50 Ω, type N terminations.
• Connect the Duplexed BTS Input from service Provider A to the Combiner
Port A
• Connect the Duplexed BTS Input from service Provider B to the Combiner
Port B
• Connect the Combined TX Port on the Combiner to the Hub RF Input Port
• Connect the Combined RX Port on the Combiner to the Hub RF Output Port
1.8 Remote Installation
To install the remote(s), locate it as nearly as possible to the designated antenna.
• Mechanically secure the Remote in an equipment rack near the Antenna or in
its designated location.
• For external antenna use, connect the Antenna to the remote using 50 Ω
cable with an N-type connector.
• Remove the cover on the Remote fiber connector. Using a dust free air
source, clean the fiber connector.
• Remove the plastic cover on the fiber and clean the connector tip.
• Connect the fiber(s) to the remote.
• Ensure that the power switch on the main power supply is in the “off” position
and connect the power to the Remote observing the polarity markings.
• After power-up, the front panel LED should be Amber for 10 seconds and then
turn green (assuming the Hub is connected properly)
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1.9 System Verification and Initialization
If all the previous steps have been followed carefully, the EkoLink II system is now
ready for verification and initialization. Connect to the Hub via serial cable or
modem.
Note that if no master controller is present, the user will connect to the “HUB
RS232” connector located on the rear of each Hub. If the Master Controller
module was purchased, the user can connect to the “Master RS232” port located
on the front of the Master Hub.
The standard terminal settings are:
• 9600 Baud
• 8 Data bits
• 1 Stop bit
• No flow control
• No Parity
If you are unfamiliar with serial communications, please refer to Appendix A
of the Operator’s Manual for a step by step guide to connecting to the Hub.
1. At the Hub, apply power to the system by turning the power to the
“on” position. The Hub LEDs should be green if everything is functioning
properly. If any of the LEDs are flashing, there is an alarm condition and
you should refer to the Operator’s Manual to troubleshoot the problem.
2. Note that, any unused ports on the Hub will indicate an alarm
condition until the user commands the Hub to ignore those ports. Please
refer to the System Initialization section of the Operator’s Manual for further
details. Each Remote has one alarm LED. When power is first applied to
the Remote, its LED will be amber for a period of 10 seconds. After the
initial period, the LED will indicate either an alarmed condition or normal
operation. A solid green LED indication on the Remote is normal and
means that everything is functioning properly. If any of the Remote LEDs
are not green, there is an alarm condition. Refer to the Operator’s Manual
to troubleshoot the problem.
2.9.1 User/Guest Login
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When the Hub Controller first powers up, there is a start-up message
indicating the firmware release and copyright legends:
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
If the user presses the ENTER key, the login prompt is displayed:
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
Username:
There are two basic types of login available to the customer; guest, and
user. The guest login is for simple monitoring of the unit; ability to change
settings is limited. The user login is for the customer use and allows basic
system changes to be made to the module. Note that the login username
and password are CASE-SENSITIVE!
Hub Controller Program V0.99 [Build 04Oct02]
Copyright (c) 2002, EMS-Technologies, Inc.
Username: user
Password: ****
Access granted to user
2>
The last entry “2>” is the prompt indicating the user’s level of privilege. The
prompt may be composed of several “reminders”; where a single capital letter
indicates a system change. These reminders are as follows:
<1> Login privilege level of “guest”
<2> Login privilege level of “user”
“A” An alarm is active
“C” Calibration tables are invalid; the default calibration
tables are in use.
“F” Settings do not agree with the stored values in flash memory.
This is usually the result of a change due to a user’s command
setting. All settings are read from the user’s settings in
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flash on power-up. If the check value does not agree, then
the default settings are used.
2.9.2 Command Structure
There is an extensive user help menu available to the user and a separate
software command reference manual. The basic format for all the
commands is:
<Primary-Command> <Secondary-Command> = <setting>
All commands are made up of this generic format; in some cases, there is no
setting or secondary command. The command set is basically a tree
diagram, where typing in the primary (and optionally secondary) command
with the setting result in a change in the module’s operational parameters.
All input is case-insensitive for commands. For example:
set laser 1 = on
This command would turn the laser #1 on at the present potentiometer
setting stored in memory.
2.9.3 Remote Alarm Disabling
From the factory, the Hub is programmed to alarm any time a Remote is
disconnected from the Hub. This safety feature is designed to indicate such
catastrophic events as the fiber to the Remote being cut. For a Hub that
does not use all four channels, the unused channels will report an alarm by
default. These are false alarms and it will be necessary for the user to
disable these unused channels to clear the alarms.
The command to disable the unused channels is:
2>set fiber <n> = disabled
Where n corresponds to the desired channel. In the event that the wrong
channel is inadvertently disabled or a remote is added at a later time the
disable channel should be enabled using the following command.
2>set fiber <n> = on
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where n corresponds to the desired channel.
2.9.4 Offsets
Under normal conditions, the factory default power settings are configured to
provide +20 dBm output power at each remote. The factory settings will
provide optimum performance in most environments; however the user has
the option to change the power settings in each remote according to
individual requirements.
Set an “offset” to the default value for the desired remote. For example, to
set remote 1 to +18 dBm type:
2>set remote 1 = -2
The range for the offsets is –10 dB to +0 dB and can only be set in 1 dB
increments. In this way, each remote can be tuned to the user’s specific
requirements after the system is deployed.
To verify the offsets for each remote the following command may be used:
2> get remote n
where n is the number of the specific remote offset requested.