Exalt Wireless 104P90R EX-4.9r-xc User Manual

Exalt Communications Inc. EX-4.9r-xc Users Manual

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104P90R User Manual HTML Version

Users Manual

r-Series

Digital Microwave Radios

Installation and Management

Manual

Includes Models:

EX-4.9r, EX-4.9r-c, EX-4.9r-x, EX-4.9r-xc

EX-5r, EX-5r-c, EX-5r-x, EX-5r-xc

Part Number: 50000007 (ETSI)

Date: 2007-02-12

Exalt Communications Inc.

r-series Installation and Management Manual

5000007 (ETS) ii

2007-02-12 (draft)

Legal Notice

The information contained herein is the property of Exalt Communications, Inc. (“Exalt”) and is

supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part of this document may be reproduced,

in any form, except as authorized by contract or other written permission from the owner.

Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered

trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.

The contents of this document are current as of the date of publication. Exalt reserves the right to

change the contents without prior notice.

The publication of information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other

rights of Exalt or others.

The Exalt logo is a trademark of Exalt Communications, Inc.

Open-Source License Information

In addition to proprietary software/firmware, which is the sole intellectual property of Exalt, the

EX-5r Digital Microwave Radios make use of public (open-source) software/firmware within the

code, within the terms of their individual licensing agreements, upon request.

Open-Source Code License Agreement Website

Linux Operating System GNU GPL Version 2 www.gnu.org

BusyBox CLI GNU GPL Version 2 www.gnu.org;

www.busybox.net

U-boot Boot Code GNU GPL Version 2 www.gnu.org

www.sourceforge.net

Net-SNMP (see Copyright Notices on page 89) www.sourceforge.net

Exalt Communications Inc.

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5000007 (ETS) iii

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About this Document

This manual provides a complete description of the EX-5r family of Digital Microwave Radios

and related software. This manual provides planners, engineers, installers, system administrators,

and technicians general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation,

management, and maintenance of these devices.

Revision History

Date Detail

2006-09-18 EX-5r release 1.0.0

2006-12-20 Draft for ETSI/CE

2007-02-12 Draft for 4.9r series

Icons

The following icons denote specific types of information.

(Warning) Denotes information pertaining to potential danger to human life.

(Caution) Denotes information pertaining to potential danger to property.

(Note) Denotes useful or unique information.

CAUTION

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General Compliance and Safety

The usage of radio transmission devices is subject to specific regulatory requirements governed

by regional legislation. In most cases, the specific device must be authorized for use in a given

country and must be installed and adjusted in accordance with specific radio-frequency settings

and in a manner that has been authorized specific to the device itself in accordance with the

specific location of the device. Some users may be completely or partially restricted from use of

the device. Please consult local governmental agency/agencies for regulatory requirements

before use, or contact Exalt or your Exalt authorized dealer for assistance.

Do not modify this device in any way without the express written consent of Exalt. Modification

voids the manufacturer warranty, and may also be illegal in accordance to government

regulations. In addition, there are no user-serviceable parts or assemblies inside the product

housing. There may also be voltages, signals, and mechanisms within the device that could be

harmful to human safety.

The mounting of this device and associated peripherals and connections (inclusive of antenna

mast, antenna, cabling, egress, lightning protection devices, grounding, power, and so on) may

be subject to regional requirements for health and human safety. A qualified professional

installer and an electrician are highly recommended, and may be required by law.

Exalt cannot warranty the device or be found liable for any unauthorized use or installation of the

device.

Regulatory Notices

Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States

The device is allowed to be used provided it does not cause interference to other devices. It is not

guaranteed to provide protection against interference from other electronic and radio devices.

The system has been tested and found to comply with the limits of a class B digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection

against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can

radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,

may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that

interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful

interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment

off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of more of the

following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

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Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC

regulations.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Exalt may void the user’s

authority to operate this equipment.

This device must be professionally installed.

To comply with regulations, the output power of this device may need to be adjusted in

accordance to the associated transmission system. See RF Output Power Setting on page 10 for

details.

The antenna associated with this device shall be mounted in a location that is at least 10'/3m

away from humans that may be subject to long-term or continuous exposure.

Industry Canada (IC), Canada

This Class B Digital apparatus meets all the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing

Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numerique de la classe B respecte les exigences du Reglement sur le material broilleur du

Canada.

This device complies with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following

two conditions:

1. this device may not cause interference, and

2. this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired

operation of the device.

Antennas Supported in Canada

The device is designed to operate with the antennas listed in Table 1, which have a maximum

gain of 37.5dBi. Antennas not included in the list or having a gain greater than 37.5dBi are

strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms.

Table 1 Supported antennas—Canada

Manufacturer Model # Description Gain dBi

(

mid-band

)

Andrew

P2F

foot Dish

29.4

Andrew

PX2F

foot Xpol Dish

29.4

Andrew

P3F

foot Dish

33.4

Andrew

PX3F

foot Xpol Dish

33.4

Andrew

P4F

foot Dish

34.9

Andrew

PX4F

foot Xpol Dish

34.9

Andrew

HP2F

NPA

foot HP Dish

29.0

Andrew

HPX2F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

29.0

Andrew

HP3F

NPA

foot HP Dish

33.0

Andrew

HPX3F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

33.0

ndrew

HP4F

NPA

foot HP Dish

34.5

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Andrew

HPX4F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

34.5

Andrew

HP6F

NPA

foot HP Dish

37.2

Andrew

HPX6F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

37.2

Andrew

FPA5250D06

inch Panel

18.0

Andrew

FPA5250D12

foot Panel

23.6

Exalt (Integral) 1-foot Xpol Panel 20.0

Gabriel

DFPS.5

inch Panel

18.0

Gabriel

DFPD1

foot Panel

23.5

Gabriel

DFPD2

foot Panel

28.0

Gabriel

QF2

foot Dish

28.5

Gabriel

QF2.5

2.5

foot Dish

31.2

Gabriel

QF4

foot Dis

34.8

Gabriel

QFD2

foot Xpol Dish

28.4

Gabriel

QFD2.5

2.5

foot Xpol Dish

31.1

Gabriel

QFD4

foot Xpol Dish

34.7

Gabriel

HQF2

foot HP Dish

28.2

Gabriel

HQF4

foot HP Dish

34.4

Gabriel

HQF6

foot HP Dish

37.4

Gab

riel

HQFD2

foot Xpol HP Dish

28.1

Gabriel

HQFD2.5

2.5

foot Xpol HP Dish

30.7

Gabriel

HQFD4

foot Xpol HP Dish

34.3

Gabriel

HQFD6

foot Xpol HP Dish

37.3

MTI

485001

7.5

inch Panel

19.0

MTI

485002

foot Panel

23.0

MTI

6004

inch Panel

26.0

MTI

486001

foot Panel

28.0

MTI

485005

7.5

inch Xpol Panel

18.0

MTI

485025

inch Xpol Panel

23.0

Proxim

5054

STN

Window Panel

15.0

Radio Waves

FP.5

inch Panel

18.0

Radio Waves

FP1

foot Pan

23.8

Radio Waves

FP2

foot Panel

28.0

Radio Waves

FPD.5

inch Xpol Panel

18.0

Radio Waves

SP1

5.2

foot Dish

22.5

Radio Waves

SP2

5.2

foot Dish

29.0

Radio Waves

HP2

5.2

foot HP Dish

28.6

Radio Waves

SP3

5.2

foot Dish

32.0

Radio Waves

SP4

5.2

foot Dish

34.8

Radio Waves

SPD2

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

28.1

Radio Waves

SPD3

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

31.1

Radio Waves

SPD4

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

34.4

Radio Waves

SPD6

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

37.5

RFS

SPF2

52A

foot Dish

27.9

RFS

SPF3

52A

foot Dish

31.4

RFS

SPF4

52A

foot Dish

33.9

RFS

SPF6

52A

foot Dish

37.4

RFS

SDF4

52A

foot HP Dish

33.9

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The antenna associated with this device shall be mounted in a location that is at least 10'/3m

away from humans that may be subject to long-term or continuous exposure.

Europe/ITU (ETSI and CE Mark)

The EX-5r family complies with ETS 301 893 for the 5.3 and 5.47 GHz bands for license-

exempt use for most countries recognizing ETSI or ITU band assignments. These bands require

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmitter Power Control (TPC) for radar-detection

and avoidance. There is a +30dBm EIRP limit applied to this band. Transmitter power must be

adjusted accordingly with respect to the RF cabling losses and antenna gains associated with

each terminal.

The EX-5r family complies with ETS 302 502 for the 5.8GHz band. This band is not yet

harmonized for all countries recognizing ETSI or ITU band assignments. Consult the individual

country regulations or your Exalt Communications representative for details. This band requires

DFS and TPC for radar-detection and avoidance. There is a +33dBm EIRP limit for use of the

10MHz BW setting (called 8MHz on GUI), and a +36dBm EIRP limit for use of the 20MHz BW

setting (called 16MHz on GUI).

All models comply with the requirements for CE Mark (EN 60950) and EMC (EN 301-489-17)

when used with the AC adapter included with each model. No substitutions shall be made, and

all wiring and grounding instructions contained in this manual must be followed to ensure safety

in accordance to the standards.

Regulatory Notices (4.9GHz Model)

The EX-4.9r is a licensed-band product operating within Part 90 of the FCC regulations and

RSS-111 of Industry Canada. These bands are specifically reserved for Public Safety

applications and related agencies, in accordance with these regulations.

Professional installation is required, and transmitter power reduction may be required, depending

on transmission system gains and losses, in accordance with instructions found in RF Output

Power Setting on page 10.

The transmitter power of the device must be reduced by 1dB for every 1dB that the antenna gain

exceeds 26dBi (inclusive of transmission system losses).

RFS

SDF6

52A

foot HP Dish

37.4

RFS

MA0528

19AN

7.5

inch Panel

19.0

RFS

MA0528

23AN

foot Panel

23.0

RFS

MA0528

28AN

oot Panel

28.0

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Safety Notices

1. Review this entire guide for important installation instructions BEFORE attempting to

install this product.

2. This product is intended to be installed, used, and maintained by experienced

telecommunications personnel only.

3. Employ a properly licensed or authorized electrician to install or evaluate/certify the

installation of all power and grounding related to the use of this equipment and all

connected devices.

4. The device(s) shall only be connected to AC power sources provided by the supplier or to

DC sources within the device specifications (FCC/IC only). Use a separate breaker circuit

at the power source.

5. Lightning, surge protection devices, and earth grounding are required for most installations

to ensure human safety. Consult a qualified electrician.

6. Servicing of this device should be performed by authorized personnel only. Do not

disassemble this device. By opening or removing any covers you may expose yourself to

hazardous energy parts. Incorrect reassembly of this product can cause a malfunction,

and/or electrical shock, when the unit is subsequently used.

7. Do not connect or disconnect the power connection to the device when the power supply is

plugged into an AC outlet. To connect, first connect the power connection to the device,

and then apply power (or plug in) at the outlet. To disconnect, disengage power at the outlet

or unplug, and then disconnect the direct connection to the device.

8. Do not insert any object of any shape or size inside this product at any time, whether

powered or not. Objects may contact hazardous energy components that could result in a

risk of fire or personal injury.

9. Liquids shall not come in contact with, or enter the inside of the device at any time.

10. Proper ventilation and/or airflow shall be provided surrounding the equipment. Items shall

not come in contact with heat-sinking materials. Ensure that ambient operational and

storage temperature specifications are maintained at all times.

11. Equipment is suitable for mounting on noncombustible surfaces only.

12. Do not move or alter the marking labels.

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Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty

Exalt Communications, Inc. (“Exalt”) warrants solely to the original purchaser (“Purchaser”) that

the EX-5r series or the EX-4.9r Series (the “Product”) will substantially conform in all material

respects to the relevant Exalt published specifications that apply at the time of manufacture of

such Product for two (2) years from the date of tender of Product by Exalt from FOB point

designated by Exalt (the “Warranty Period”). Proof-of-purchase in the form of an invoice,

payment of invoice, or delivery waybill must be supplied, if requested by Exalt, in case of any

dispute of warranty start date. Exalt shall within the Warranty Period, at its own option: (A) use

reasonable efforts to remedy any reproducible Product defect covered by this limited warranty

within a reasonable period of time; (B) replace the defective Product with a functionally

equivalent product (repair parts and products may be either reconditioned or new, but, if

reconditioned, shall be of the same quality as new parts or products); or (C) if Exalt determines

that it is unable to repair or replace such Product, Exalt will refund to Purchaser the amount

actually paid by Purchaser for the applicable Product. All replaced parts become the property of

Exalt. Exalt may, at its sole option, refuse to accept as defective Product that (i) is subject to the

exclusions set forth below; or (ii) cannot be demonstrated to be defective by Exalt and Purchaser

is unable to provide adequate information describing how the Product failed. Such Product will,

at Purchaser’s option and expense, either be: (a) returned to Purchaser in the state received, or (b)

repaired and returned to Purchaser. Repaired or replaced Product will be warranted for the

remainder of the original Warranty Period, but not less than ninety (90) days.

Registration

Purchaser is required to register its Product, within ninety (90) days of purchase, for full

warranty support. Unregistered or late-registered Product will receive a Warranty Period of only

one (1) year.

Exclusions

This limited warranty will not apply to: (A) any Product that: (i) has been modified or altered by

any party other than Exalt; (ii) has been subject to accident, misuse, abnormal wear and tear,

neglect, or mistreatment; (iii) has been damaged during installation of the Product; (iv) has been

damaged by the equipment or system with which the Product is used; (v) has sustained damage

to the Products’ interface or power connectors; (vi) are determined to be stolen; or (vii) has been

damaged caused by fire, power changes, other hazards, or acts of God (including without

limitation lightning); or (B) any software included in any such Product. The warranty applies

only to Products that can be identified by the Exalt trademark, trade name, serial number or logo

affixed to them. Exalt does not warrant any Product that is not manufactured by, for, or with

permission from Exalt. The Products covered by this warranty are not consumer products and

are not intended for personal, family, or household purposes.

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RMA Procedures

A return material authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning Product to Exalt for

warranty or out-of-warranty repair/evaluation. As such, Purchaser must use the following

procedure:

1. Contact Exalt (see Introduction on page 1 for current contact data) and request an RMA

number. Please be prepared to provide the serial number of the Product, the date of

purchase, and a description of the failure that is as complete as possible.

2. Pack the Product in its original container and packing or an equivalent.

3. Write the RMA number CLEARLY on the outside of the shipping box.

4. For services during the Warranty Period, cost of shipment to Exalt’s authorized service

center, taxes, duty, tariffs, risk of loss and insurance charges to Exalt shall be borne by the

Purchaser. Cost of return shipment and insurance charges shall be borne by Exalt and will

be made by Exalt’s choice of carrier and method/schedule of shipment. Purchaser may

expedite return shipments, upon request, at its own expense.

PRODUCTS RETURNED WITHOUT A DULY ISSUED RMA NUMBER WILL BE

RETURNED TO PURCHASER AT PURCHASER’S EXPENSE.

THIS EXPRESS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED,

IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, REGARDING THE PRODUCT, AND EXALT, ITS

SUPPLIERS AND LICENSORS HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL SUCH IMPLIED

AND EXPRESS WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE,

INTERFERENCE WITH QUIET ENJOYMENT, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD-PARTY

RIGHTS AND MERCHANTABILITY. FURTHER, EXALT DOES NOT WARRANT

RESULTS OF USE OR THAT PURCHASER’S USE OF THE PRODUCT WILL BE

UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE. NO WARRANTIES ARE MADE BY EXALT’S

SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS. EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTY STATED

HEREIN, THE PRODUCT IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS. THE ENTIRE

RISK AS TO SATISFACTORY QUALITY, ACCURACY, AND EFFORT IS WITH

PURCHASER.

REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANY REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN FAILS OF ITS

ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE, AND EXCEPT FOR BODILY INJURY, IN NO

EVENT WILL EXALT, ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE TO PURCHASER

OR TO ANY THIRD PARTY UNDER ANY TORT, CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT

LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR ANY LOST PROFITS,

LOST OR CORRUPTED DATA, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION,

INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, OR OTHER SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR

INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF EXALT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGES AND WHETHER OR NOT SUCH LOSS OR

DAMAGES ARE FORESEEABLE.

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IN NO EVENT SHALL EXALT’S AND ITS SUPPLIERS’ AGGREGATE LIABILITY

EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT PAID

BY PURCHASER THAT IS THE SUBJECT OF A CLAIM. ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF

OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT MUST BE BROUGHT WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR

AFTER THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EVENT GIVING RISE TO SUCH CLAIM. IN

ADDITION, EXALT DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY OF ANY KIND OF EXALT’S

SUPPLIERS.

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Table of Contents

Legal Notice....................................................................................................................................ii

Open-Source License Information..................................................................................................ii

About this Document.....................................................................................................................iii

Revision History ........................................................................................................................iii

Icons...........................................................................................................................................iii

General Compliance and Safety..................................................................................................... iv

Regulatory Notices......................................................................................................................... iv

Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States ................................................... iv

Industry Canada (IC), Canada..................................................................................................... v

Antennas Supported in Canada............................................................................................... v

Europe/ITU (ETSI and CE Mark).............................................................................................vii

Regulatory Notices (4.9GHz Model)............................................................................................vii

Safety Notices..............................................................................................................................viii

Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty.................................................................................................ix

Registration................................................................................................................................ ix

Exclusions.................................................................................................................................. ix

RMA Procedures......................................................................................................................... x

List of Figures.............................................................................................................................. xvi

List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................xvii

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1

Related Documentation and Software ........................................................................................ 1

The Exalt r-Series Digital Microwave Radios............................................................................ 1

Basic Features............................................................................................................................. 3

Pre-installation Tasks...................................................................................................................... 6

Link Engineering and Site Planning ........................................................................................... 6

Familiarization with the r-Series................................................................................................. 7

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits............................................................................................. 7

Shipping Box Contents ...........................................................................................................8

Back-to-Back Bench Test and Configuration............................................................................. 9

RF Output Power Setting.......................................................................................................... 10

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United States Compliance..................................................................................................... 10

EX-4.9r FCC (USA) EIRP.................................................................................................... 11

FCC (USA) EIRP.................................................................................................................. 11

Canada Compliance .............................................................................................................. 12

IC (Canada) EIRP ................................................................................................................. 12

EX-4.9r Series IC (Canada) EIRP ........................................................................................ 12

EX-5r Series IC (Canada) EIRP ........................................................................................... 12

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits........................................................................................... 13

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors...................................................................................... 14

Link Orientation and Synchronization...................................................................................... 15

Radio A/B Configuration...................................................................................................... 15

System Installation and Initiation Process.................................................................................... 17

Record Keeping ........................................................................................................................ 19

Installation..................................................................................................................................... 20

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting................................................................................. 20

Mounting the System............................................................................................................ 20

Radio Ports and Indicators........................................................................................................ 22

Connector Overview............................................................................................................. 22

LED Indicators...................................................................................................................... 23

RESET Button ...................................................................................................................... 24

Power ........................................................................................................................................ 24

Terminating the RF Connectors r-(x)c Series models only)................................................. 25

AC Power.............................................................................................................................. 25

Power Injector....................................................................................................................... 26

Reset to Critical Factory Settings ......................................................................................... 27

Antenna/Transmission System.................................................................................................. 27

Initial Antenna Mounting r-(x)c Series models only)........................................................... 29

Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio r-(x)c Series models only................................. 30

RF Lightning Arrestor........................................................................................................... 32

Antenna Alignment................................................................................................................... 32

Configuration and Management ................................................................................................... 34

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)........................................................................ 34

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Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session ............................................................................. 34

Telnet ........................................................................................................................................ 34

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)....................................................................................... 35

Preparing to Connect............................................................................................................. 35

Make Connections ................................................................................................................ 36

Log In.................................................................................................................................... 36

Login Privileges.................................................................................................................... 37

Quick-Start................................................................................................................................ 38

Navigating the GUI................................................................................................................... 39

Summary Status Section....................................................................................................... 39

Navigation Panel................................................................................................................... 40

Radio Information Page............................................................................................................ 41

Administration Settings Page.................................................................................................... 42

System Configuration Page....................................................................................................... 44

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits........................................................................................... 47

Ethernet Interface Configuration Page...................................................................................... 49

T1/E1 Configuration Pages....................................................................................................... 50

T1 Interface Configuration Page........................................................................................... 51

E1 Interface Configuration Page........................................................................................... 52

T1/E1 Loopback.................................................................................................................... 52

File Transfer Page..................................................................................................................... 54

File Activation Page.................................................................................................................. 57

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration.............................................. 58

Alarms Page.............................................................................................................................. 59

Performance Page ..................................................................................................................... 61

Event Log Page......................................................................................................................... 64

Diagnostic Charts Page............................................................................................................. 65

Spectrum Analyzer Page........................................................................................................... 66

Reboot Page .............................................................................................................................. 67

Manual Page.............................................................................................................................. 68

Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................ 69

General Practices ...................................................................................................................... 69

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Typical Indications of Issues .................................................................................................... 70

Improper RF Cable Termination............................................................................................... 71

Multipath Propagation .............................................................................................................. 72

RF Interference ......................................................................................................................... 72

Path Obstruction........................................................................................................................ 73

Misaligned Antenna.................................................................................................................. 73

Faulty Antenna.......................................................................................................................... 73

Improper Grounding ................................................................................................................. 73

Insufficient Link Margin........................................................................................................... 74

Moisture in the Transmission System....................................................................................... 74

Specifications................................................................................................................................ 75

Physical Specifications ............................................................................................................. 75

Common System Specifications............................................................................................... 75

EX-4.9r System Specifications................................................................................................. 76

System Specifications, 5.3GHz Band....................................................................................... 77

System Specifications, 5.4GHz Band....................................................................................... 78

System Specifications, 5.8GHz Band....................................................................................... 79

Interfaces................................................................................................................................... 80

Back-to-back Bench Testing......................................................................................................... 82

Basic Test.................................................................................................................................. 82

Connections EX-5r-c only .................................................................................................... 82

EX-5r Basic Test Configuration ........................................................................................... 83

Verify Connection................................................................................................................. 83

Specification Performance Verification—EX-5r-(x)c only...................................................... 83

Interface Connections ................................................................................................................... 86

T1/E1 Connections.................................................................................................................... 86

RSL & GPS Sync Connector.................................................................................................... 87

Power/Ethernet Connector........................................................................................................ 87

Copyright Notices......................................................................................................................... 89

Net-SNMP................................................................................................................................. 89

Index ............................................................................................................................................. 94

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List of Figures

Figure 1 Exalt EX-5r (integrated antenna model)..................................................................... 2

Figure 2 Mounting and cabling—integrated antenna model..................................................... 4

Figure 3 Cabling and mounting—external antenna model ....................................................... 4

Figure 4 Radio installation tasks ............................................................................................. 18

Figure 5 Pole-mount example ................................................................................................. 20

Figure 6 EX-5r pole and wall mount (with azimuth and elevation adjustment)..................... 21

Figure 7 EX-5r-c pole/wall mount .......................................................................................... 21

Figure 8 EX-5r connectors...................................................................................................... 22

Figure 9 Power injector connectors......................................................................................... 26

Figure 10 CLI main menu......................................................................................................... 34

Figure 11 Initiating the browser connection.............................................................................. 37

Figure 12 Browser Login screen ............................................................................................... 37

Figure 13 Radio Information page ............................................................................................ 38

Figure 14 Exalt GUI window description ................................................................................. 39

Figure 15 Summary status information..................................................................................... 40

Figure 16 Radio Information page ............................................................................................ 41

Figure 17 Administration Settings page.................................................................................... 42

Figure 18 System Configuration page....................................................................................... 44

Figure 19 Ethernet Interface Configuration page...................................................................... 49

Figure 20 T1 Interface Configuration page............................................................................... 51

Figure 21 E1 Interface Configuration page............................................................................... 52

Figure 22 External (remote) loopback....................................................................................... 53

Figure 23 External (local) loopback.......................................................................................... 53

Figure 24 Internal loopback ...................................................................................................... 53

Figure 25 File Transfer page ..................................................................................................... 54

Figure 26 File Transfer page—download file link.................................................................... 55

Figure 27 File Activation page.................................................................................................. 57

Figure 28 Alarms page .............................................................................................................. 59

Figure 29 Performance page...................................................................................................... 61

Figure 30 Event Log page ......................................................................................................... 64

Figure 31 Diagnostic Charts page ............................................................................................. 65

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Figure 32 Reboot page .............................................................................................................. 67

Figure 33 Manual page.............................................................................................................. 68

Figure 34 Basic back-to-back bench test configuration............................................................ 83

Figure 35 Ex-5r connector orientation ...................................................................................... 86

Figure 36 T1/E1 connectors ...................................................................................................... 86

Figure 37 RSL & GPS connector.............................................................................................. 87

Figure 38 Power/Ethernet connector......................................................................................... 88

List of Tables

Table 1 Supported antennas—Canada..................................................................................... v

Table 2 Factory default settings............................................................................................. 15

Table 3 Connectors ................................................................................................................ 22

Table 4 LED indicators.......................................................................................................... 23

Table 5 Supported antennas................................................................................................... 27

Table 6 Recommended transmission line .............................................................................. 30

Table 7 Default login information ......................................................................................... 37

Table 8 Alarm status indicators ............................................................................................. 59

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Introduction

Exalt Communications, Inc. thanks you for your purchase. Our goal is to build the highest

quality, highest reliability digital microwave radio products. This commitment to quality and

reliability extends to our employees and partners alike. We appreciate any comments on how we

can improve our products, as well as your sales and Customer Care experience.

Customer Care Hotline (USA): (408) 871-9890

Toll-Free Customer Care Hotline (USA): (877) EXALT-01 (392-5801)

Direct-Dial Telephone (USA): (408) 871-1804

Website: www.exaltcom.com

Sales e-mail: sales@exaltcom.com

Customer Care e-mail: support@exaltcom.com

Mailing Address: Exalt Communications, Inc.

580 Division St.

Campbell, CA 95008

USA

Related Documentation and Software

This manual makes reference to other documentation and software files that may be necessary.

Any document or software mentioned in this manual can be found at:

http://www.exaltcom.com/support/downloads.htm

The Exalt r-Series Digital Microwave Radios

The Exalt r-series of Digital Microwave Radios is the most advanced carrier-class point-to-point

terrestrial radio communications devices operating in the 4940 to 4990 MHz and 5250 to 5850

MHz frequency bands. The EX-5r comes in the following configurations:

• r-Series has integrated software selectable polarization antenna

• r-c Serieshas external antenna connectors, which allows connection of either one single- or

dual-polarized antenna (with software selectable polarization)

• r-x Series is a dual-radio with integrated dual-polarized antenna

• r-xc Series is a dual-radio with external antenna connectors designed for use with a dual-

polarized antenna, or two separate single-polarization antennas mounted for dual-

polarization.

The r-Series connects voice and/or digital data from one location to another, obviating the need

for copper or fiber connectivity, or enhancing existing connectivity by providing a redundancy

solution, a primary solution, and/or additional capacity. Figure 1 shows the Exalt r-series Digital

Microwave radio.

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Figure 1 Exalt EX-5r (integrated antenna model)

Generally, the r-Series requires a clear line-of-sight and proper path clearance to achieve a high-

performance, reliable connection. Perform professional path engineering and site planning before

installing this equipment.

The primary focus of this document is the installation and maintenance of the digital microwave

radio, and assumes that path engineering and site planning has already been performed. Please

refer to the Exalt document, Guidance for Engineering and Site Planning of Terrestrial

Wireless Links, for detailed information on these activities.

The EX-5r utilizes radio frequencies in the range of 5250 to 5850 MHz. In most countries these

frequency bands are considered as ‘license-exempt’ or ‘unlicensed.’ This means that virtually

any user may use these frequencies freely, without paying for access, or any type of pre-

notification, post-notification or registration. As a result of this designation, users may also move

or change these systems at any time, with significant flexibility to the location, orientation and

configuration of the system. However, due also to this designation, there may be uncontrolled

interference from other similar devices that occupy this spectrum. In these cases, it is up to

engineering and maintenance personnel to design the system with existing and future

interference sources in mind, recognizing that there is a chance that the interference conditions

could be very dynamic, and outages may occur on the system as a result, and that, in some very

rare cases, the system may cause interference into another system and may be required to be

disengaged or modified/re-oriented to eliminate the interference.

If the spectrum in your country is designated as ‘license-exempt’ or similar, this does not infer

that the installer may configure the system in any manner at any location. In most cases, there

are regulations, or device-based conditions that limit the use of the device, such as maximum

gain antenna, antenna types and maximum output power, as well as, in some cases, application

limits, limited geography of use, and other unique regulations. The link design engineer and/or

professional installer must determine these limitations and engineer/install the system

within the confines of all local regulations. Also, it is required to examine any regulations that

may apply to peripheral equipment, installation and cabling of the system that may be regulated

for human safety, electrical code, air-traffic control, and other safety-related categories.

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In certain countries, the spectrum for this product is NOT considered to be license-exempt. In

these cases, there may be additional regulatory requirements concerning the location, frequency,

power, orientation, configuration, and other aspects of the system, including, in some cases, a

need for link registration, coordination, and fees that may apply to the system usage. Please

consult your local regulatory organization(s) to determine usage requirements.

The EX-4.9i utilizes frequencies in the 4940-4990MHz range, and is typically a licensed band

reserved for use by Public Safety agencies and applications. This band is not generally available

outside of North America.

In almost all cases, either for license-exempt or other designation, the product itself must be

authorized for use in your country. Either Exalt or Exalt’s agent must have applied for

certification or authorization to allow the sale and deployment of the system within the country.

It is also possible that only certain versions or configurations of the device are allowed within a

particular country. Please contact Exalt or your authorized Exalt representative for information

pertaining to your country.

It is the (professional) installer’s responsibility to ensure that the radio

system is implemented in a legal fashion. Exalt is not liable for any unsafe or

illegal installations.

Basic Features

The r-Series Digital Microwave Radio is intended for all-outdoor mounting. It is accompanied

with an indoor-mounted power injector. In some cases, the EX-5r may also be mounted indoors

or in an enclosure. Depending on the configuration purchased, the associated antenna is either

integrated as part of the unit or connected separately.

For the integrated antenna model, the entire unit is typically mounted on a tower or rooftop mast

structure, with Ethernet/Power and other optional interface cables running from the unit location,

through a structure penetration, and to the power injector and connected communications

equipment.

For the external antenna model, the unit is typically mounted very close to the external antenna

to minimize RF cabling and associated losses. Alternatively, the unit may be mounted at an

easily-accessible location with longer RF cabling to the antenna. Proper lightning or surge

suppression devices and associated grounding are required for all connections.

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Figure 2 Mounting and cabling—integrated antenna model

Figure 3 Cabling and mounting—external antenna model

For highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF cable and

associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio’s antenna port.

The r-Series provides connections for a combination of the following data communication

interfaces:

• 10/100BaseT Ethernet

• 4xT1/E1 interfaces for synchronous voice traffic

The EX-5r is powered by a combined Power/Ethernet cable, and associated power injector. The

power injector provides 48VDC to the unit.

The EX-5r provides the following primary features and benefits:

Power/Ethernet Lightning Arrestor (grounded)

Power/Etherne

Power Injector

Etherne

DC Powe

tional T1/E1 Li

htnin

Arrestors

rounded

)

1-4xT1/E1

tional GPS Antenna

AC Ada

Structure Penetration

External Antenna

(

Sin

le or Cross-Polarized

)

Power/Ethernet Li

htnin

Arrestor

rounded

)

Power/Etherne

Power Injector

Etherne

DC Powe

tional T1/E1 Li

htnin

Arrestors

rounded

)

1-4xT1/E1

Optional GPS Antenna

AC Adapter

Structure Penetration

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• Low-latency optimization and control for voice and data connections

• Very high throughput and flexible interface configurations with voice+data combinations

• Encryption for extreme wireless security

• Easy-to-use management and configuration

• Flexible utilized channel bandwidth selection for interference avoidance and frequency

coordination

• Flexible center frequency tuning for interference avoidance and frequency coordination

• Flexible capacity to meet current connection requirements and future growth needs

• Carrier-class reliability and performance

• Intuitive graphical user interface for fast and easy configuration and management

• Advanced diagnostics monitoring and analysis tools for fast and easy troubleshooting

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Pre-installation Tasks

This section describes the steps necessary to prepare a site for the installation of the Exalt Digital

Microwave Radio.

Link Engineering and Site Planning

Design all terrestrial wireless links prior to purchase and installation. Generally, professional

wireless engineering personnel are engaged to determine the viability and requirements for a

well-engineered link to meet the users’ needs for performance and reliability.

The reader is referred to the Exalt document, Guidance for Engineering and Site Planning of

Terrestrial Wireless Links and the ExaltCalc path calculator. This document and calculator aid

in the pre-planning and engineering required to determine following attributes:

• Antenna type/gain at each end of the link

• Antenna mounting height/location for proper path clearance

• Antenna polarization orientation

• RF cabling type, length, connectors, route, and mounting

• Antenna system grounding

• Lightning arrestor type(s), location(s), and grounding

• Radio mounting location and mechanisms

• Radio grounding

• Radio transmitter output power setting

• Anticipated received signal level (RSL) at each end

• Anticipated fade margin and availability performance at each end

• Radio settings for TDD frame length and occupied bandwidth

• Anticipated throughput performance (TDM circuit support and Ethernet)

• Anticipated system latency

With respect to radio path and site planning, these radios are generally identical to other

microwave terrestrial wireless systems. Engineering of these systems requires specific

knowledge about the radios, including:

• RF specifications (transmitter output power, receiver threshold, occupied channel bandwidth,

and carrier-to-interference tolerance)

• Regulatory limitations on transmitter output power setting and antenna type/gain

• Noise/interference profile for the intended location

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• Impact on throughput and latency relative to link distance, occupied bandwidth, and TDD

frame size setting, and the planned implementation of these parameters

Familiarization with the r-Series

The r-Series utilizes time division duplex (TDD) radio transmission. This means that the

transmitted signal in both directions uses the same center frequency and transmits in one

direction for a period of time, and then in the opposite direction for another period of time. This

total period of time is referred to as the frame length or TDD frame length, and is further

discussed in The professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly

adjusted so that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits

For the EX-5r family, a +30dBm EIRP limit applies for operation in the 5250-5350 MHz or

5470-5725 MHz bands. Adjust the output power in accordance with the following formula:

P = 30 – G + L

where:

P = Maximum transmitter output power of radio, in dBm

G = Specified gain of antenna, in dBi within the operational band

L = Total transmission system losses of all elements between the radio’s RF

connector and the antenna’s RF connector (all cables, connectors,

lightning suppressors), in dB, as specified or measured in the operational

band

For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 10 MHz BW setting

(shown as 8MHz in the GUI), a +33dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 33 – G + L

For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 20 MHz BW setting

(shown as 16 MHz in the GUI), a +36dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 36 – G + L

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors on page 13.

The two radio terminals are identical hardware, except for the TDD setting in software. When

the radios are in their default state, both radios are configured as Radio B. One end of the link

must be configured as Radio A before the two ends of the radio system can communicate.

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It can be considered that Radio A is the primary radio in the link. Radio A provides the master

clock and control to Radio B. For most applications, it is not important how the radio link is

oriented, only that one end is configured for Radio A and the other for Radio B. For some

applications (such as, multi-radio hub sites or repeaters), the orientation of the radio systems may

be more critical. See Link Orientation and Synchronization on page 15 for details.

There are two ways to configure the radios for Radio A/B determination:

1. Use the Exalt browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) – preferred.

2. Connect to the radio using Telnet.

Exalt recommends using the Exalt GUI for radio configuration. This interface requires a

computer with an Ethernet port and web browser software, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer

5.0 or above. See Configuration and Management on page 34 for details on how to connect to

and use the browser-based GUI interface.

Shipping Box Contents

Unless purchased as a spare terminal, the radios are shipped as a complete hop (that is, a radio

link pair consisting of two terminals). An outer box has labeling that indicates the contents of the

box, with the part number and serial number details for both radio terminals.

Inside the outer box are two identical boxes, each of these boxes is also marked with the part

number and serial number of the individual terminal contained inside the box. The terminal box

contains the following items:

• Radio terminal (configured as Radio B)

• AC adapter

• Power injector

• Mounting kit (for pole or wall mounting)

• Accessory kit

¶ Grounding screw/washers

¶ Connector covers with safety ring (for covering and securing unused connectors)

¶ Weather-sealing tape (required for RF connectors on the EX-5r-c)

¶ RF connector cover (for the EX-5r-c, covering the unused RF connector, where

applicable)

¶ RSL adapter cable

• Registration card

• Quick-start guide

• 3-foot PoE cable (with safety ring)

Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any

shipping damage or issues with the contents, contact Exalt Customer Care.

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products registered within 90 days of purchase. The Warranty period is reduced to

1-year for unregistered products and products registered after the first 90 days.

The radio terminal boxes contain a single pre-terminated PoE cable intended for

bench testing and to make the short connection between the radio and the PoE

lightning arrestor near the radio. If running a longer cable from the radio to the

PoE lightning protector (such as at the egress point), use pre-terminated cables

(sold separately). Pre-terminated cables are available in different lengths to meet a

variety of applications, and can also be used for the T1/E1 connections.

Back-to-Back Bench Test and Configuration

Every Exalt digital microwave radio goes through extensive quality testing and performance

evaluation over the full operating temperature range prior to shipment. However, before

installation, it is strongly advised to perform several tests and tasks that are much more difficult

to perform once the radio link endpoints are distant from one another. A back-to-back bench test

and pre-configuration will provide confidence that the radio link is operational and properly

configured prior to installation, so that if troubleshooting is necessary, the radio hardware and

configuration settings are eliminated from the troubleshooting process. Verify the following in

the back-to-back testing:

• Confirm that the radio system is generally operational

¶ Radios power-up with planned power and wiring solutions

¶ RF link connects in both directions

¶ Traffic passes across the link

• Configure connected equipment and cabling

¶ Test Ethernet (CAT5) cabling, and/or T1/E1 cabling, any auxiliary connector cabling and

configure all interfaces

¶ Configure IP settings for configuration and management

¶ Configure passwords and security modes

¶ Become familiar with the configuration and management interfaces through the Exalt

GUI interface

¶ Configure radio parameters

¶ Set transmitter output power to engineered or allowed level (see RF Output Power

Setting)

¶ Set operating center frequency

¶ Set link distance, occupied channel bandwidth, and frame length

• Make detailed radio performance measurements

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¶ Measure transmitter output power

¶ Measure receiver threshold performance

¶ Confirm unfaded error-free performance

Some of these tasks may not be possible or practical within a bench test environment due to the

nature of the remote connectivity of peripheral equipment. However, it is good practice to

perform as much as possible in this environment to minimize field/installation time and

troubleshooting efforts.

Detailed performance measurements are usually not required for pre-installation, but can be

easily performed at this stage and may be helpful for later troubleshooting efforts or for internal

records. During troubleshooting, there may often be a point at which a back-to-back bench test

should be performed to verify many or all of the above items, and in the case of a suspected

faulty device, to help confirm the fault and determine which end of the system is at fault and in

need of repair or replacement.

See Back-to-back Bench Testing on page 82 for detailed instructions.

RF Output Power Setting

The maximum RF output power is bounded by one of the following criteria:

• Maximum RF output power setting capability of the radio device

• Maximum RF output power allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for

this specific device

• Maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmission system

allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for this specific device

• Desired RSL to not exceed the maximum RSL allowed by the device

• Desired RSL to minimize/eliminate interference into neighboring systems

In many cases the radio must be pre-configured for legal maximum output power

before connecting to the antenna and transmission system. Instructions for

adjusting the output power can also be found in System Configuration Page on

page 44.

The following information pertains to specific regulatory requirements based on up-to-date

information for countries where these radios are authorized. A list of recommended antennas is

listed in Antenna/Transmission System on page 27.

United States Compliance

The EX-5r operates under FCC Rule Parts 15.247 and/or 15.407 as a license-exempt device. The

EX-4.9i operates under FCC Rule Part 90 as a licensed device. All of these devices must be

professionally installed. It may only be used as a point-to-point transmission device for fixed or

temporary-fixed (non-mobile) installations. The device is subject to the following restrictions:

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• Do not use external amplifiers to boost the power or overcome transmission system losses,

unless the specific amplifier/cable/antenna combination has expressly been authorized by the

FCC. The output power must never exceed +30dBm.

• Cross-border transmissions are expressly prohibited, except with written permission from

both the FCC and the governing body of the neighboring country (Cofetel for Mexico;

Industry Canada for Canada).

• Use only parabolic dish antennas or directional flat-panel antennas. No other types of

antennas (omni-directional, yagi, and so on) are authorized. Parabolic dishes of either grid or

solid type are allowed. Maximum mid-band gain of each type of antenna certified is:

¶ EX-4.9i models:

– Parabolic dish: 26dBi (larger gains are allowed, with Tx power reduction)

– Directional flat panel: 26 dBi (larger gains are allowed, with Tx power reduction)

¶ EX-5i models:

– Parabolic dish: 37.9 dBi (6'/1.8m diameter)

– Directional flat panel: 28 dBi (~2'/61cm square)

EX-4.9r FCC (USA) EIRP

For the EX-4.9r model, within the 4940–4990 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed is

+50dBm. The maximum output power of the radio shall never exceed +24dBm.

For the EX-4.9r models, the transmit power must be reduced from maximum (+20dBm for 40

MHz BW, +24dBm for 20MHz BW, +22dBm for 10MHz) by 1 dB for every 1dB that the

antenna gain exceeds 26dBi (including transmission system losses).

The professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly adjusted so

that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

FCC (USA) EIRP

Within the 5725–5850 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed is 61.5dBm. The maximum

output power of the radio shall never exceed +24dBm.

Within the 5250–5350 MHz band, the maximum transmit power with respect to FCC (USA)

regulations is determined using the following equation:

P = 30 – G + L

where:

P = Maximum transmitter output power of radio, in dBm

G = Specified gain of antenna, in dBi, from 5250 to 5350 MHz

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L = Total transmission system losses of all elements between the radio’s RF

connector and the antenna’s RF connector (all cables, connectors,

lightning suppressors), in dB, as specified or measured between 5250

and 5350 MHz

For the 5250–5350 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed for this device is 30dBm. The

maximum output power of the radio shall never exceed +13dBm.

The professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly adjusted so

that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

Canada Compliance

The EX-5r Series operates under RSS-210 of Industry Canada regulations. The EX-4.9r

Seriesoperates under RSS-111 of Industry Canada regulations. Operation is subject to the

following conditions, unless express permission is granted by Industry Canada to operate in a

different manner:

• External amplifiers cannot be used to boost the power or to overcome transmission system

losses, unless the specific amplifier/cable/antenna combination is expressly authorized by

Industry Canada.

• Cross-border transmissions are expressly prohibited, except with written permission from

both Industry Canada and the governing body of the neighboring country (FCC for USA)

• Only parabolic dish antennas or directional flat-panel antennas may be used. No other types

of antennas (omni-directional, yagi, and so on) are authorized. Parabolic dishes of either grid

or solid type are allowed. Maximum gain of each type of antenna allowed is:

¶ Parabolic dish: 37.5 dBi (6'/1.8m diameter)

¶ Directional flat panel: 28 dBi (~2'/61cm square)

A complete list of allowed antennas can be found in Industry Canada (IC), Canada on page v.

IC (Canada) EIRP

EX-4.9r Series IC (Canada) EIRP

For the EX-4.9i model, within the 4940–4990 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed is

+50dBm. The maximum output power of the radio shall never exceed +24dBm.

For the EX-4.9i models, the transmit power must be reduced from maximum (+20dBm for

40MHz BW, +24dBm for 20MHz BW, +22dBm for 10MHz) by 1 dB for every 1dB that the

antenna gain exceeds 26dBi (including transmission system losses).

The professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly adjusted so

that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

EX-5r Series IC (Canada) EIRP

Within the 5725–5850 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed is 61.5dBm. The maximum

output power of the radio shall never exceed +24dBm.

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Within the 5250–5350 MHz band, the maximum transmit power with respect to FCC (USA)

EIRP regulations is determined using the following equation:

P = 30 – G + L

where:

P = Maximum transmitter output power of radio, in dBm

G = Specified gain of antenna, in dBi, from 5250 to 5350 MHz

L = Total transmission system losses of all elements between the radio’s RF

connector and the antenna’s RF connector (all cables, connectors,

lightning suppressors), in dB, as specified or measured between 5250

and 5350 MHz

For the 5250–5350 MHz band, the maximum EIRP allowed for this device is 30dBm. The

maximum output power of the radio shall never exceed +13dBm.

The professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly adjusted so

that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits

For the EX-5r family, a +30dBm EIRP limit applies for operation in the 5250-5350 MHz or

5470-5725 MHz bands. Adjust the output power in accordance with the following formula:

P = 30 – G + L

where:

P = Maximum transmitter output power of radio, in dBm

G = Specified gain of antenna, in dBi within the operational band

L = Total transmission system losses of all elements between the radio’s RF

connector and the antenna’s RF connector (all cables, connectors,

lightning suppressors), in dB, as specified or measured in the operational

band

For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 10 MHz BW setting

(shown as 8MHz in the GUI), a +33dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 33 – G + L

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For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 20 MHz BW setting

(shown as 16 MHz in the GUI), a +36dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 36 – G + L

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors

The r-Series radios are very dynamic, allowing the installer to optimize and control the

performance of the radio system for the intended application. The following parameters must be

carefully determined during the link engineering phase:

• Link distance

• Bandwidth

• TDD frame size

• Mode (modulation)

The setting of the above parameters determines the following performance factors:

• Number of supported T1/E1 channels

• Ethernet throughput

• System latency (delay)

Use the ExaltCalc calculator to determine optimum settings for the above parameters to meet the

needs of your application.

The following generalizations can be made with regards to these factors:

• The shorter the TDD frame size, the lower the latency

• The shorter the link distance, the lower the latency, the higher the throughput

• The longer the TDD frame size, the higher the throughput

• The higher the bandwidth, the higher the capacity

• The higher the mode, the higher the capacity

Disable all T1/E1 ports if there are no T1/E1 interfaces connected. This shifts all

available throughput to the Ethernet interface.

If a selected combination of the Link Distance, Frame Size, Bandwidth, and Mode

parameters cannot support all four T1 or E1 ports, the ports that cannot be

supported are automatically disabled. Priority is placed on the T1/E1 port number.

That is, the first port to be disabled, if necessary, is the highest port number, such

as Port 4.

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Link Orientation and Synchronization

Link orientation refers to the Radio A and Radio B placement in your network. Link

synchronization refers to using external or internal timing to coordinate multiple links.

For every link, one end of the radio link must be configured as Radio A, while the other end is

configured as Radio B. In single-link systems, it does not matter which end of the system is

mounted at which end of the link, and there is typically no requirement for any link

synchronization.

Link orientation and synchronization are more important for networks with site(s) where there is

more than one link of the same type or for sites using the same type of radio that are very close

to each another at one or both ends.

Configure collocated radio terminals for the same link orientation. That is, configure all radios at

the same location as Radio A or Radio B.

In addition, it can be advantageous to utilize link synchronization for collocated links. The radios

allow the use of an optional GPS synchronization kit. This synchronization controls the

transmitter and receiver frame timing so that collocated radios are transmitting at the same time

and receiving at the same time. This can substantially reduce the opportunity for self-

interference. Without synchronization, collocated radios may be transmitting and receiving at the

same time, incurring near-end interference.

It is not always necessary to synchronize collocated radios. If antennas are

substantially separated or blocked from one another and/or frequency separation

tuning is used, the opportunity for near-end interference can be eliminated.

When synchronization is required or desired, one GPS kit is required for each

EX-5r link in the connected or collocated network.

Radio A/B Configuration

Use the Exalt GUI to configure the radio terminals for Radio A and Radio B orientation. Since

many other parameters also need to be set, and the Exalt GUI is needed for these configurations,

this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals.

Radios arrive from manufacture in default configuration, orientated as Radio B and configured as

shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Factory default settings

Parameter EX-4.9r Series EX-5r Series

Frequency 4965 MHz 5788 MHz

Transmit Power +4dBm +4dBm

Link Distance <10 miles

Bandwidth 8 MHz

Mode Mode 1

TDD Frame Size 2ms

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Parameter EX-4.9r Series EX-5r Series

Link Security Key 000000000000

Administration Password password

User Password password

IP Address 10.0.0.1

IP Mask 255.0.0.0

IP Gateway 0.0.0.0

Ethernet Interface Alarm Enabled, 100/Full

T1/E1 Enabling All Disabled

In many cases, the system design will not be identical to the factory default

configuration, and in some cases, these differences prohibit the installation of the

radio. If at all possible, obtain a computer and configure the radio terminals using

the browser-based GUI. See Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) on page 35 for

details.

Radio Reset

Use the reset function if the IP address and/or passwords are lost. Use the following steps to

perform a critical parameter reset:

1. Remove power from the radio by disconnecting the AC adapter from the power injector.

2. Hold down RESET button on the power injector while applying power.

Hold the RESET button down through the entire power cycle and monitor the

DATA+POWER left LED on the power injector. Release the RESET button only after the

LED is in the steady state (45 to 60 seconds).

3. Release the RESET button.

The following configurations are reset on the radio:

• IP address = 10.0.0.1

• IP mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

• Endpoint Identifier = Radio B

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System Installation and Initiation Process

The tasks required for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the following figure.

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Figure 4 Radio installation tasks

Path & Site

Analysis

Link Design

Build Antenna

Structures &

Egress

Mount

Antennas &

Transmission

Line

Install & Test

Network &

Power Wiring

Read This

Manual

Completely

Pre-configure

Radios

Perform

Back-to-Back

Test

Mount Radios

Connect

Transmission

Line

Connect

Power

Align

Antennas to

Planned RSL

Verify LEDs

for Good Link

Test Network

Connectivity

Connect &

Test Primary

Services

Test Network

Management

System

Both Transmission

System & Radio

Preparation Tasks

Must Be Complete

Transmission System Tasks Radio Preparation Tasks

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Record Keeping

After installation, record the following items for ongoing maintenance and future

troubleshooting. Keep a record for each end of the radio link and store a copy of these records at

the radio location, at the opposite end radio location, and a central record storage location.

• GPS coordinates for antenna locations at each site

• Antenna heights above ground level (AGL), as mounted

• Antenna model numbers, serial numbers, and specifications

• Antenna polarization as mounted

• Length/type of primary transmission lines at each site (r-c Series only)

• Model number and serial number of RF lightning arrestors (r-c Series only)

• Transmitter output power setting as installed at each site

• RSL as measured after antenna alignment at each site

• Designed RSL per original design at each site

• RSL reading with far-end power off (from each end)

• Spectrum analyzer plot with far end off at each site

• (r-c Series only) Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)/return loss at the antenna connector(s)

at each site

• Model number and serial number of PoE and/or T1/E1 lightning arrestor(s) used

• Length(s) of PoE and/or T1/E1 cables from radio, through lightning arrestor(s) to termination

points

• Radio’s network management IP address at each site

• Radio’s network management gateway address at each site

• Radio’s operating frequency, bandwidth setting, and mode of operation

• Optionally purchased extended warranty and/or emergency service contract details

In addition, certain information may be desired for central record-keeping only:

• Security codes and login passwords (kept in a secure place)

• Photographs of complete installation

• End-user sign-off/acceptance documentation (if any)

• Photo of product identification label (part number, serial number, MAC address information)

• Site access information phone numbers, access codes, directions

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Installation

This section presents all tasks required to install the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting

The Exalt r-Series are environmentally sealed units intended for deployment outdoors. The

device must be deployed within an ambient temperature range as specified, and with non-

restrictive airflow around the chassis. The r-c and r-xc Series’ can also be mounted in an

enclosure or indoors. The same airflow and temperature conditions apply. All r-Series models

can be mounted behind a window if window losses are considered in the link budget calculation.

The power injector and power supply must be placed indoors or in an enclosure.

Provide proper clearance for all cables and connectors attached to the device. Note that for the r-

(x)c Series, the RF cable connector may require significant clearance for the bend radius of the

coaxial cable assembly. All RF connectors, cables, and adapters must be rated for operation

within the radio’s frequency range. RF connector losses must be accounted for within the link

engineering design and output power settings.

There are two RF connectors on the r-(x)c Series, which facilitate connection to a

cross-polarized antenna for polarization diversity. Seal the secondary connector

when using a single-polarized antenna. Use the N-type cover cap and weather-seal

tape included in the accessory kit to weatherproof this connector.

Mounting the System

Use the mounting system supplied with each terminal for wall or pole mounting (Figure 5). The

pole mounting kit can accommodate a pole 2–5"/5-13cm in diameter. Install the mounting

system first, and then affix the radio to the mount. The radio can also be affixed to the mount,

and the entire assembly (including radio) mounted.

Figure 5 Pole-mount example

Figure 6 illustrates the r-Series pole/wall mount assembly, showing the azimuth and elevation

adjustment points.

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Figure 6 EX-5r pole and wall mount (with azimuth and elevation adjustment)

Figure 7 illustrates the r-c Series pole/wall mount assembly.

Figure 7 r-c Series pole/wall mount

For the integrated antenna model, it is critical to mount the entire device at the predetermined

location for proper path clearance to the link end. Ensure that there is adequate space around the

mounting system and the radio to allow for antenna alignment for both azimuth and elevation

adjustments.

Mount the r-c Series as close as possible to the antenna to minimize the length

and associated losses of RF cabling.

THREAD BAND CLAMPS THROUGH

SLOTS FOR POLE-MOUNTING USE REAR BRACKET HOLES FOR WALL-

MOUNTING

AZIMUTH ADJUSTMENT

ELEVATION ADJUSTMENT

USE REAR BRACKET HOLES FOR WALL-

MOUNTING

THREAD BAND CLAMPS THROUGH

SLOTS FOR POLE-MOUNTING

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Radio Ports and Indicators

This section provides a brief overview of the connectors, controls, and indicators on the device.

Details about each item are in other sections of this document. Figure 8 shows the connectors on

the r-Series.

Figure 8 EX-5r connectors

Connector Overview

The primary user interfaces are shown in Figure 8. Table 3 provides details of the connectors.

Detailed pin structures for each connector are in Interface Connections on page 86.

Table 3 Connectors

Connector Description

GPS/RSL (1) Connection to (optional) external GPS antenna for network synchronization.

(2) Antenna alignment RSL voltage (during installation)

T1/E1 2&4 Ports for up to two user T1 or E1 circuits to traverse link, port numbers 2 and 4

T1/E1 1&3 Ports for up to two user T1 or E1 circuits to traverse link, port numbers 1 and 3

Power/Ethernet Connected cables traverse to the power injector (Data+Power side), and provide the following

functions:

• Primary ports for user Ethernet data (10BaseT or 100BaseT) to traverse link

• DC power from power injector

(Ground) Threaded (M5) receptacle

Use a connector cover on all unused connectors for weatherproofing. The

connector covers are included in the accessory kit. Use a safety ring on each

connector to secure the connector covers.

GPS/RSL

T1/E1 2&4

T1/E1 1&3

POWER/ETHERNET

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LED Indicators

Table 4 provides details of the LED indicators on the r-Series radios. Note that there are two

LEDs, labeled top and bottom, associated with each connector. See Alarms Page on page 59 for

information on how the Exalt GUI displays LED status.

Table 4 LED indicators

Location Type Function

T1/E1 2&4

Top Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #2.

T1/E1 2&4

Bottom Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #4.

T1/E1 1&3

Top Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #1.

T1/E1 1&3

Bottom Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #3.

GPS/RSL

Top Green LED (Future implementation)

GPS/RSL

Bottom Green LED (Future implementation)

Power/Ethernet

Top Green LED Solid when proper power is applied.

Power/Ethernet

Bottom Green LED (Future implementation)

Power Injector

DATA+POWER

Left Green LED Solid when no alarm conditions are present.

Flashing when in alarm condition.

While RESET button is pressed:

Solid when in major alarm condition (traffic affecting).

Flashing when in minor alarm condition (not traffic affecting).

Off when no alarm conditions are present.

DATA+POWER

Right Green LED Solid when proper power is applied.

During boot up, the DATA+POWER left LED on the power injector is solid green for

approximately 30 seconds, and then turns off briefly. The antenna alignment buzzer then

activates for approximately two seconds, and then the LED flashes once. After boot up

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completes, the LED is solid when no alarm conditions are present, and flashes continuously if

alarms conditions are detected. The LED remains in this state until another boot up or until alarm

conditions change.

RESET Button

There is only one external control on the r-Series system, a button labeled “RESET” which is

located on the Power Injector. This button performs two functions: critical system parameter

reset and summary alarm information.

Use the reset function if the IP address and/or passwords are lost. Use the following steps to

perform a critical parameter reset:

1. Remove power from the radio by disconnecting the AC adapter from the power injector.

2. Hold down RESET button on the power injector while applying power.

Hold the RESET button down through the whole power cycle and monitor the

DATA+POWER left LED on the power injector. Release the RESET button only after the

LED is in the steady state (45 to 60 seconds).

3. Release the RESET button.

The following configurations are reset on the radio:

• IP address = 10.0.0.1

• IP mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

• Endpoint Identifier = Radio B

A flashing left DATA+POWER LED on the power injector indicates that alarm conditions exist

on the radio. To access summary alarm information during normal operation, press and hold the

RESET button. The following is status for the left the DATA+POWER LED while holding the

RESET:

• Solid on is a link alarm (link is down or errored)

• Flashing indicates a minor alarm (does not affect traffic)

Power

The radio requires a DC power source within specifications. DC can be provided from a DC

battery source, central lab/rack supply, or from the supplied AC adapter.

Read this section completely before applying power.

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Terminating the RF Connectors r-(x)c Series models only)

Before applying power, the RF connectors must be properly terminated into a 50-Ohm load. If

this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power. Also, there are

human safety factors to consider regarding potentially harmful RF radiation.

The following lists a few simple ways to achieve proper termination:

• Connect a 50-Ohm coaxial termination device to the RF port of the radio. The termination

must be rated to 1W (or more). Example(s) include:

¶ Broadwave Technologies P/N 552-200-002, or similar

• Connect the complete transmission system. That is, the RF cabling including the antenna.

The cabled antenna provides a proper termination for the RF output.

• Connect a fixed (or a series of fixed) 50-Ohm attenuator(s) to the RF connector, either

directly or at the end of an RF transmission line. The attenuator must be at least 30dB as

specified at the operating frequency and rated for a minimum of 1W input power. Examples

include:

¶ Broadwave Technologies P/N 352-103-xxx

¶ Bird 2-A-MFN-xx

¶ JFW Industries 50FP-xxx-H6-N

Cover any unused connector with the connector cap and apply the weather-seal tape. Both cap

and tape are included in the accessory kit.

AC Power

The AC adapter easily connects to the power injector. Refer to the input voltage requirements

stated on the label affixed to the adapter to ensure that the adapter can be used with the AC

mains supply.

The AC plug outlet provided with the adapter may need to be replaced to match the country

configuration. The adapter cable uses a standard connector for this cable for use of a pre-wired

cable appropriate to the outlet configuration. If the appropriate cable is not available, the existing

AC plug end can be severed and a replacement plug affixed. Consult a qualified electrician for

this activity.

Do not plug the adapter into the mains power. First, verify that the RF connector is properly

terminated (see Power on page 24), and then plug in the radio-side connector from the AC

adapter to the radio. If the AC mains can be turned off using a switch, disable the power, plug the

AC side of the adapter into the AC mains socket, and then enable power to the circuit. If the AC

mains cannot be turned off, plug in to the AC main socket to apply power.

Verify that the radio is active by observing LED activity on the injector and radio. All LEDs on

the radio flash at initial power cycle.

Exalt strongly recommends that the AC mains supply be fused or on a separate breaker to ensure

against over-voltage and/or over-current situations and to provide some form of protection to the

radio electronics and other devices connected to the same supply. In addition, if the AC power is

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subject to significant spikes or variation, power conditioning is a worthwhile investment, as the

quality of mains power may have a direct impact on the device operation, performance and/or

reliability. An Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) or other form of battery-backed system

protects against brown-out and black-out conditions, and condition the power presented to the

adapter.

Evaluate the opportunity for lightning or other similar surges to be present on the powering

system, including the ability for surges to couple to the power wiring system. If an evaluation

indicates that there is a potential likelihood for these conditions to occur, additional surge

protection is recommended for the input power wiring, especially to protect the radio electronics

between the adapter and the radio’s DC input connector.

The above statement is similarly true for every wired connection to the device. While the

configuration for surge suppression or line conditioning is of a different type for each kind of

signal interface, the opportunity for damage to the device, loss of communications and property

is significant. In some cases, there can also be a risk to human life by not protecting against

lightning entering a building through wiring or improper grounding. If you do not have

experience in this type of installation practice, consult a qualified electrician and/or telecoms

professional during the installation and wiring of the equipment.

Power Injector

The r-Series uses a power injector to send DC power to the radio over the CAT5 cable, and

including the Ethernet connections. Figure 9 shows the power injector connectors that connect

the AC adapter (included with the system) and the radio.

Figure 9 Power injector connectors

Connect the network Ethernet connection to the DATA connection of the power injector.

Connect the cable for the radio to the DATA+POWER connection of the power injector.

Ground the power injector using the grounding receptacle. The injector can also be mounted to a

wall using the bottom panel brackets. For proper safety, the ground source should be the same as

that used for AC power ground into the included AC adapter.

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Reset to Critical Factory Settings

If necessary, the radio terminal may be reset to critical factory settings. This may be necessary if

the IP address and/or passwords for the system are not known. All other configurations are left at

their current settings. If a complete default factory configuration is desired, load the Default

Configuration File into the system, as described in System Configuration Page on page 44.

The following parameters are configured after a reset to critical factory settings:

• IP Address = 10.0.0.1

• IP Mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP Gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

See Radio Reset on page 16 for instructions on performing a reset to critical factory settings.

Antenna/Transmission System

This section provides general guidance to the mounting and connecting of the RF transmission

system, consisting of the antenna, RF cabling, and RF lightning arrestors. Consult the

manufacturer’s instructions for proper mounting, grounding, and wiring of these devices, and for

definitive direction. These manufacturer’s instructions supersede any information in this section.

Table 5 lists antennas supported by the EX-5r Digital Microwave Radios for use in the USA. In

some countries, antennas exceeding a certain level of gain may be unlawful. Refer to RF Output

Power Setting on page 10 for details on regulatory limits. See Regulatory Notices on page iv for

supported antennas in Canada.

Table 5 Supported antennas

Manufacture

Model # Descri

tion Midband Gain

(

dBi

)

3dB

(

Azimuth

Ele

ation

)

Andrew

P2F

foot Dish

29.4

5.4

Andrew

PX2F

foot Xpol Dish

29.4

5.4

Andrew

P3F

foot Dish

33.4

3.8

Andrew

PX3F

foot Xpol Dish

33.4

3.8

Andrew

P4F

foot Dish

34.9

3.0

Andrew

PX4F

foot Xp

ol Dish

34.9

3.0

Andrew

HP2F

NPA

foot HP Dish

29.0

5.4

Andrew

HPX2F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

29.0

5.4

Andrew

HP3F

NPA

foot HP Dish

33.0

3.8

Andrew

HPX3F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

33.0

3.8

Andrew

HP4F

NPA

foot HP Dish

34.5

3.0

Andrew

HPX4F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

34.5

3.0

Andrew

HP6F

NPA

foot HP Dish

37.2

1.8

Andrew

HPX6F

NPA

foot Xpol HP Dish

37.2

1.8

Andrew

FPA5250D06

inch Panel

18.0

19.3

Andrew

FPA5250D12

foot Panel

23.6

9.6

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Manufacture

Model # Descri

tion Midband Gain

(

dBi

)

3dB

(

Azimuth

Ele

ation

)

Exalt

(Integral)

foot Xpol Pa

nel

20.0

Gabriel

DFPS.5

inch Panel

18.0

19.0

Gabriel

DFPD1

foot Panel

23.5

9.4

Gabriel

DFPD2

foot Panel

28.0

4.6

Gabriel

QF2

foot Dish

28.5

5.6

Gabriel

QF2.5

2.5

foot Dish

31.2

4.4

Gabriel

QF4

foot Dish

34.8

2.7

Gabriel

QFD2

foot Xpol Dish

28.4

5.6

Gabriel

QFD2.5

2.5

foot Xpol Dish

31.1

4.4

Gabriel

QFD4

foot Xpol Dish

34.7

2.7

Gabriel

HQF2

foot HP Dish

28.2

5.7

Gabriel

HQF4

foot HP Dish

34.4

2.8

Gabriel

HQF6

foot HP Dish

1.9

Gabriel

HQFD2

foot Xpol HP Dish

28.1

5.7

Gabriel

HQFD2.5

2.5

foot Xpol HP Dish

30.7

4.5

Gabriel

HQFD4

foot Xpol HP Dish

34.3

2.8

Gabriel

HQFD6

foot Xpol HP Dish

37.3

1.9

MTI

485001

7.5

inch Panel

19.0

18.0

MTI

485002

foot Panel

23.0

9.0

MTI

486004

inch Panel

26.0

6.0

MTI

486001

foot Panel

28.0

4.5

MTI

485005

7.5

inch Xpol Panel

18.0

17.0

MTI

485025

inch Xpol Panel

23.0

9.0

Radio Waves

FP.5

inch Panel

18.0

20.0

Radio Waves

FP1

foo

t Panel

23.8

10.0

Radio Waves

FP2

foot Panel

28.0

4.5

Radio Waves

FPD.5

inch Xpol Panel

18.0

20.0

Radio Waves

SP1

5.2

foot Dish

22.5

11.1

Radio Waves

SP2

5.2

foot Dish

29.0

6.1

Radio Waves

HP2

5.2

foot HP Dish

28.6

6.1

Radio Waves

SP3

5.2

foot Dish

32.0

4.0

Radio Waves

SP4

5.2

foot Dish

34.8

3.0

Radio Waves

SPD2

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

28.1

6.2

Radio Waves

SPD3

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

31.1

4.2

Radio Waves

SPD4

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

34.4

3.1

Radio Waves

SPD6

5.2

foot Xpol Dish

7.5

2.1

RFS

SPF2

52A

foot Dish

27.9

6.2

RFS

SPF3

52A

foot Dish

31.4

4.2

RFS

SPF4

52A

foot Dish

33.9

3.1

RFS

SPF6

52A

foot Dish

37.4

2.1

RFS

SDF4

52A

foot HP Dish

33.9

3.1

RFS

SDF6

52A

foot HP Dish

37.4

2.1

RFS

MA0528

19AN

7.5

inch Panel

19.0

18.0

RFS

MA0528

23AN

foot Panel

23.0

9.0

RFS

MA0528

28AN

foot Panel

28.0

4.5

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Initial Antenna Mounting r-(x)c Series models only)

The antenna must be an exact model recommended by the path and site planning engineer(s).

Mount the antenna at the proper height, mast/mounting location and polarization orientation as

determined by the path and site planning engineer(s). The model type, location, and orientation

of the antenna is critical with respect to achieving proper path clearance, as well as to mitigate

external or self-interference from nearby or collocated systems operating in or near the same

frequency band.

Mount the antenna in a restricted area and in a manner preventing long-term

human exposure to the transmitted RF energy. To comply with FCC and Industry

Canada regulations, the minimum safe distance from the antenna for continuous

human exposure is 10'/3m.

The antenna structure must be secure and safe with respect to the mounting of the antenna,

transmission system weight, radio housing, and the combined weight of any personnel that may

climb or attach to the structure.

The combined weight of items and forces on the structure must be carefully considered in the

design and construction of the structure. This must include the weight bearing on the structure in

the highest wind conditions possible in the region, and with respect to all objects affixed to the

structure.

If additional objects are affixed to the structure in the future, it may be important to evaluate both

the mechanical impact of these planned additions (with respect to wind and weight loading), as

well as the potential impact to RF interference and frequency coordination (if additional radio

equipment is anticipated). This is especially important if future equipment is likely to operate

within the same frequency band.

Once the antenna is mounted, cabled, and aligned, your goal is to never require modification.

This prior planning is important in the path and site planning stages and in construction of the

antenna structure.

Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for mechanical mounting of the antenna. Ensure

that there is enough room around the antenna for alignment activities (moving the antenna in

vertical and horizontal arcs), and for the RF transmission line to connect to the antenna connector

unobstructed and within the specified bend radius requirements of the transmission line.

At this point, the antenna mounts should be fully secure to the structure, the feed of the antenna

securely mounted to the antenna (if the feed is a separate assembly), and the azimuth and

elevation adjustments not completely tightened in preparation of the antenna alignment activity.

It is a good practice to connect the transmission line to the antenna connector as early in the

process as possible, to reduce the opportunity for debris or moisture to enter either the antenna

connector or the transmission line connector. Use a connector cover or other temporary measures

to ensure that the connector is kept clear. Take extra care if the antenna is installed during

inclement weather to ensure that no moisture gets inside the antenna connector at any time.

Now the antenna can be aimed in the general direction required for the link. Use a compass, a

reference bearing, binoculars or any other similar device to point the antenna in the direction

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(generally) of the far end radio, and then slightly tighten the azimuth and elevation adjustments

so that the antenna maintains its general position and is safe to be left without additional

securing. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment, for more information on antenna

alignment techniques.

Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio r-(x)c Series models only

Most installations use a very short length of coaxial transmission line for the connection between

the antenna and the radio device. Coaxial transmission line can either have a solid or braided

shield. Solid-shield cables are more resistant to external signal coupling and interference, but are

generally stiffer than braided cables. Consult the path or site engineer(s) to ensure that the proper

materials are chosen for the installation and that all factors were considered.

Generally, the larger the diameter of the transmission line, the lower the loss. So for longer runs

of transmission line, larger diameter cables are highly advised. However, at every frequency,

there is a maximum diameter cable that supports the operating frequency. Verify the

specifications. This should is determined in the path and site planning process.

Table 6 lists representative samples of transmission line types recommended for the Exalt Digital

Microwave Radio.

Table 6 Recommended transmission line

Manufacturer Type Description Loss at 4.9GHz Loss at 5.3GHz Loss at 5.8GHz

Andrew LDF4-50 1/2-inch solid shield

5.6dB/100ft. 5.7dB/100' 6.0dB/100'

Andrew LDF4.5-50 5/8-inch solid shield

4.3dB/100ft. 4.4dB/100' 4.7dB/100'

Times LMR-600 1/2-inch braided shield

6.8dB/100ft. 6.9dB/100' 7.3dB/100'

Times LMR-900 5/8-inch braided shield

4.5dB/100ft. 4.6dB/100' 4.9dB/100'

RFS LCF12-50J 1/2-inch solid shield

5.5dB/100ft. 5.6dB/100' 5.9dB/100'

RFS LCF12-58J 5/8-inch solid shield

4.4dB/100ft. 4.5dB/100' 4.8dB/100'

It is critical that the transmission line and antenna be capable of supporting the same type of

connector, or easily adapted. It can be important to minimize the number of connectors and

adapters, and it is ideal that they match directly without adaptation. In most cases, transmission

line allows for N-type male connectors and antennas have N-type female connectors.

If possible, connect the primary transmission line directly to the antenna. It is desired to have the

fewest possible pieces of transmission line in the system, to minimize losses and points of failure

from connectors. The antenna can typically accommodate a direct connection if planned in

advance. Use a 90º adapter for the connection to the antenna, if necessary, but confirm that all

connectors and transmission lines are properly specified for the operating frequency with

minimum loss, proper impedance (50 Ohm) and proper VSWR characteristics.

Transmission line connector termination is a critical element of the installation. Many ‘factory

built’ RF transmission lines do not provide the proper characteristics for proper transmission,

despite their published specifications, often due to the fully or semi-automated process of factory

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termination, which may not have considered the frequency of your system. When buying pre-

terminated transmission line, it is strongly advised to obtain the documentation of test

measurements on the connected transmission line showing that the loss characteristics and

VSWR are within the specified limits specifically at your operating frequency. In addition to

factory-built transmission line, self-terminated transmission line can suffer the same issues.

Always follow the manufacturer’s termination process EXACTLY, and only use

the manufacturer’s authorized tools and connectors for a given transmission line

type.

The manufacturers of transmission line typically offer instruction and certification for

transmission line termination, and may also provide videos illustrating the process. There is no

amount of extra care, education, precision, and effort that can be overstated for this process.

There is often a need for a small excess of transmission line near the antenna to accommodate

both the need for extra slack as the antenna is loosened and moved for the alignment process, and

to accommodate a drip loop for the transmission line and the initial transmission line securing

hardware and grounding near the antenna. In addition, the transmission line is typically very

stiff, and can provide undue pulling force on the antenna or radio connector. Take care to align

the cable with the connector so that it does not provide any torque or strain on the connector.

Consult your transmission line manufacturer for the proper transportation, hoisting, securing, and

grounding process. Always be very mindful of the entire length of transmission line to ensure

that the transmission line is never twisted, kinked, or over-bent beyond the specified bend radius.

Once a transmission line is over-bent or kinked, it will likely never recover its specified

characteristics, even after straightening, and will often be completely unusable.

The opposite end of this primary transmission line typically terminates at the radio connector. If

using a long transmission line (in excess of 3'/1m), an RF lightning arrestor is recommended to

protect the radio equipment.

As soon as practical, weatherproof the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and

lightning arrestor and radio. This process should be delayed as long as possible to ensure that all

systems are working properly before applying the weatherproofing. Once weatherproofing is

applied, it may have to be removed for testing or installation modification. With this in mind, if

the installation is occurring during inclement weather, take extra care at all times to ensure that

no moisture enters any connector at any time. If moisture is suspected to have compromised the

antenna or transmission line, it may render those devices useless without any means for remedy

except for full replacement.

Cap and weatherproof the second antenna connector on the radio if using a single-polarity

antenna.

Indoor Mounting

On rare occasions the antenna can be mounted indoors behind a window. In these cases, there

would not be a need for drip loops or an RF lightning arrestor. Use a very short transmission line

connected directly between the antenna and the radio mounted nearby. The weatherproofing

process can also be omitted.

CAUTION

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RF Lightning Arrestor

RF lightning arrestors provide a direct path to ground for lightning strikes that may couple to or

directly hit the outdoor transmission system or antenna structure. The RF lightning arrestor

prevents any associated voltage and current from entering the radio equipment, other equipment,

or humans.

The following lightning arrestors are examples of proper devices for Exalt Digital Microwave

Radios:

• Polyphaser AL-LSXM

• Andrew BB-BNFNFE-26

Mount and ground the RF lightning arrestor in accordance to the manufacturer’s

recommendations. Place it as close as possible to the radio equipment. Minimize the distance to

the radio to lessen the opportunity for lightning to couple to or strike the unprotected section of

transmission line (if any). Consult a qualified electrician or installer in all cases of grounding and

lightning arrestor implementation.

Antenna Alignment

Antennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment.

Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment. The r-Series has an integrated antenna.

Antennas are typically aligned using the radio hardware for precise alignment. However, there

are many very useful tools available to aid in this process, inclusive of devices specifically

designed for the purpose of aligning antennas. Some examples are:

• XL Microwave Path Align-R

• Teletronics 17-402

Use of these devices may be extremely advantageous as compared to using the radio, because

they employ many unique facilities to aid in this process. Using these tools also makes it possible

to align the antennas before the radio equipment is delivered. However, many installers

successfully use the radios as the means for antenna alignment.

The following are the primary facilities when using the radio to align the antenna:

• RSL voltage connection using a volt meter (recommended)

Insert the included adapter into the GPS connector on the radio housing and the opposite end

connected to a volt meter.

The RSL test point DC voltage is inversely proportional and numerically calibrated to the

received signal level. The voltage rises as the antennas are less in alignment, and falls as

antennas are more in alignment. The voltage measurement corresponds to the received signal

level in measurements of dBm (a negative number for RSL measurements). For example, an

RSL of -60dBm yields an RSL voltage measurement of 0.60VDC; an RSL of -45dBm

measures 0.45VDC.

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• Audio alignment buzzer

Enable the audio alignment buzzer through the Exalt GUI. When enabled, the radio enclosure

emits a sound. The pitch rises when higher (better) levels of RSL are achieved. Align the

antennas until the highest pitch is accomplished. The tone is continuous when the two ends of

the radio system are in communication. Otherwise, the buzzer beeps.

• Exalt GUI RSL reading indicates the current RSL in dBm.

There is a slight delay in RSL readings in the GUI as the RSL levels change. In

this case, fine alignment can be done in small adjustments allowing a small gap of

time so that the impact of the adjustment on the GUI display catches up to real

time.

Only use the browser-based GUI for antenna alignment if there are no other

means available. If this method is required, refer to Exalt Graphical User Interface

(GUI) on page 35. The RSL reading can be read on a PC or any handheld

computing device that supports an HTML browser and Ethernet connectivity.

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Configuration and Management

This section describes the command line interface (CLI) and Exalt graphical user interface

(GUI).

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Use a Telnet connection to access the CLI in the Exalt Digital Microwave Radios. Use the CLI to

set key parameters on the system.

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session

Make the Telnet connection to the radio through the Ethernet port. Use Windows and perform

the following steps:

1. Open a command prompt or MS-DOS prompt (Start>Run).

2. Type C:\>Telnet <IP Address> at the command line:

The default IP address is 10.0.0.1

The accessing computer must be on the same IP subnet as the radio.

Telnet

Use Telnet when prompted to enter the administration level login and password. The default

administration login is admin and password is password. It is recommended that the default

administration password be reset by performing a radio reset (see Reset to Critical Factory

Settings on page 27).

Figure 10 shows the three menu choices available after log in.

Figure 10 CLI main menu

Select 1 or 2 to display the Configuration or Status menus, respectively. Select 3 to exit the

session. The following selections can be made on all screens:

• 0 = back to previous screen

• 9 = help

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• Ctrl+\ (control and backslash keys) = exit session

The following depicts the complete tree structure:

1. Radio information

2. Configuration

a. Current IP settings

b. Current system configuration

c. Set IP address and mask (admin only)

d. Set IP default gateway (admin only)

e. Administration (admin only)

– System time and date

– System reboot

– Password

– File transfer

– File activation

3. Status

¶ Alarm summary

¶ Radio alarm

¶ Radio status

¶ Radio performance

¶ Radio performance reset (admin only)

4. Exit

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The Exalt GUI is the primary user interface for configuring and troubleshooting the radio and

radio system. A computer or hand-held device with a conventional HTML browser and Ethernet

port is required. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the preferred browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and

Firefox are also supported.

Preparing to Connect

If the radios are new, both radios are preconfigured as Radio B, and have the same IP address.

The initial priority is to configure one radio to Radio A and assign different IP addresses, unique

to each radio.

There are two ways to change the IP address:

1. Reset the radio to the critical default factory settings (see Radio Reset on page 16)

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2. Connect to the GUI using the default IP address (10.0.0.1), and change the IP address

through the GUI interface.

To connect to the radio’s Ethernet port and use the GUI interface, the accessing

computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet. It is therefore necessary to

either change the radio’s IP address through the CLI to match the subnet of the

computer, or change the computer’s IP address to match the subnet of the radio

(such as, a computer IP address of 10.0.0.10 if trying to connect to a radio set to

the factory default IP address of 10.0.0.1).

To configure a radio as Radio A, connect to the GUI and change the configuration, as discussed

in this section.

Make Connections

It is recommended that one radio at a time be configured, on a bench, before taking the radios to

the field for installation:

• (EX-5r-(x)c only) Terminate the RF connector with a 50-Ohm termination or a fixed

attenuator of at least 20dB (see Terminating the RF Connector on page 25).

• Apply power to the radio (see Power on page 24).

Do not connect the radios in a back-to-back configuration. If the radios are set to

their factory default settings, both radios are configured as Radio B and cannot

communicate. Both radios also have the same IP address, which causes IP address

conflicts.

The IP address subnet of the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP

address subnet to connect using Ethernet (see Preparing to Connect).

Once connected to the radio using Ethernet, log in to the Exalt GUI.

Use the following steps to log in to the Exalt GUI.

1. Open a browser window.

Microsoft Internet Explorer is the recommended browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox

are also supported. If there are issues with your browser, please report it to Exalt Customer

Care. You may be required to use a different browser to immediately overcome issues.

2. Type the IP address of the radio in the address bar.

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Figure 11 Initiating the browser connection

The following window displays after pressing the Enter key or clicking the Go button in

the browser window.

Figure 12 Browser Login screen

There are two levels of login privileges:

• Administrator (admin) – assigned complete permissions to view, edit, and configure

• User (user) – assigned limited, view-only permissions with no edit or configuration rights

The default login names and passwords are as follows:

Table 7 Default login information

Privilege level User name Default password

Administrator admin password

User user password

Administrator login credentials are required for configuration purposes. Type the user name and

passwords for Administrator level and click OK. The following screen displays.

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Figure 13 Radio Information page

Quick-Start

To establish a link on the bench, apply the following basic configurations to the radio terminal.

Use the steps in the Quick Start Guide included with the radio. A summary of the items that

need to be configured are:

• Radio IP address for each end.

¶ Each end must have a different IP address and cannot match the accessing computer’s IP

address or any address assigned if radios are part of a larger network.

¶ It may be required to change the IP address of the accessing computer after changing the

IP address of the radio so that the IP subnet matches.

¶ The radio IP address is listed on the Administration Settings page.

• Set one radio as Radio A.

¶ The radio selected as Radio A must be configured.

¶ Radio A/B selection is the Endpoint Identifier parameter on the System Configuration

page.

¶ Even though both radios are set as Radio B by default, confirm this configuration on the

radio intended to be Radio B.

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If all other parameters are still configured at their factory default settings, the radios can now be

connected back-to-back to verify that the link is communicating and perform any other desired

tests. See Back-to-back Bench Testing on page 82 for test information.

Navigating the GUI describes each page of the GUI. Most configuration parameter settings are

intuitive. The following link parameters must match at both ends for the link to communicate:

• Link Security Key (Administration Settings page)

• Bandwidth (System Configuration page)

• RF Frequency (System Configuration page)

• Link Distance (System Configuration page)

• TDD Frame Size (System Configuration page)

Changing any of these parameters causes a temporary loss of link. The GUI

displays a warning and provides an opportunity to cancel changes.

Navigating the GUI

The GUI provides the primary interface for all configuration and management. There are three

sections of the main GUI window:

• Summary status information section (upper-left corner)

• Navigation panel

• Main window

Figure 14 Exalt GUI window description

Summary Status Section

This section of the Exalt GUI provides a review of the system status.

MAIN WINDOW

NAVIGATION

PANEL

SUMMARY

STATUS

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In the screens in Figure 15, the top bar illustrates the alarm condition of the link. The information

inside the bar is equivalent to the entry of the Link Name set by the administrator in the

Administration Settings page (see Administration Settings Page on page 42).

The color of the panel indicates alarm status:

• Green indicates the system is communicating and all functions are normal

• Yellow indicates a minor non-traffic affecting alarm condition

• Red indicates a major traffic affecting alarm condition

The left panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the local radio (the radio that matches the IP

address). The information displayed is the IP address and the endpoint identifier (Radio A or

Radio B). The right panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the remote radio (the radio linked

to the local radio).

The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on the

management interface connection. The terms local and remote refer to the

orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address you are managing.

When making certain changes to a near-end radio without first making changes to

the far-end radio, the link may become disconnected unless configuration changes

are reverted to their original settings. When making changes that may disrupt the

link, always change the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio to

match.

The Summary Status Section allows the Exalt GUI to be a rudimentary management system.

Minimize the browser window to display just the top bar or the top bar and radio information,

and open several browsers on the desktop. When a window status changes to yellow or red, you

can quickly maximize that window to determine the issues.

Figure 15 Summary status information

Navigation Panel

In the navigation panel, pages with sub-pages have a plus (+) to the left of the page link. Click

the plus sign or page name title to view sub-page titles. The pages can be collapsed to hide the

sub-pages when a minus (–) sign appears to the left of the page link.

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Management pages are indicated with an X to the left of the page name. Click the X or page

name to display the page within the main window.

Radio Information Page

This page provides general information about the local radio terminal. This information is

helpful for troubleshooting and for record keeping.

Figure 16 Radio Information page

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Administration Settings Page

This page allows contains general parameters for the radio system. The Current Value column

lists entries actual settings. Desired changes are entered in the New Value column.

After all desired changes are entered, click the Update button to accept and enable changes.

Figure 17 Administration Settings page

Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important

parameters.

• Fill in the date and time fields as soon as practical. Events are captured with time/date

stamps, which is valuable information for troubleshooting.

• Set the Link Security Key to something other than the factory default setting (12 characters,

all zeros) at each end. The link security key must match at both sides of the link. If the

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security key remains at the factory setting, the radio link is open to sabotage by a party with

the same radio model. Each link should have a unique security key. If using the same security

key for every link in the network, the radio could link to any other radio with the same

security key. This is problematic in multi-radio networks.

¶ Note that the security key must be exactly 12 characters. Any printable ASCII character

can be used. The link security key is case sensitive.

Changing the link security key interrupts transmission until the opposite end is

changed to match. Always change the far-end radio first, and then change the

near-end radio.

• Reset the admin and user passwords. These passwords should not match. If the admin

password remains at the factory default setting, it provides an opportunity for random

reassignment by a network-connected user.

¶ The new password must be entered twice: once in the main window and again in the

confirmation window. If the passwords do not match and the Update button clicked, the

password is not changed and remains set to the previous password.

• The License Key is set to all zeros. Enter the license key provided by Exalt to access

extended features or diagnostic capabilities. Click Update to accept the changes and enable

the new features. License keys are issued by radio serial number, so ensure that the license

key used was issued for this particular radio.

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System Configuration Page

This page contains several critical system parameters.

Figure 18 System Configuration page

Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important

parameters.

• Set the Radio Transmit Power (dBm) parameter to the designed level. The professional

installer sets this value or dictates the value of this setting to the system administrator

following the system design and local regulations. In many cases, this value must be set to a

proper value to comply with legal restrictions. Improper values can result in liability to the

user and/or installer.

Changing Radio Transmit Power may temporarily interrupt traffic. Small

changes in output power do not normally interrupt traffic, but larger changes may.

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¶ Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter to a value higher than is legally

allowed.

¶ Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter lower than the link budget and fade

margin can afford.

The link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to

reduction of Radio Transmit Power, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to

reset the value.

• Set the Bandwidth (MHz) parameter to the designed level. The value of this is determined in

the design/engineering stage. The Bandwidth parameter must also match at both ends of the

link. In conjunction with the Mode parameter, the Bandwidth parameter directly relates to the

capacity, latency, and the number of TDM circuits supported. The transmitter and receiver

bandwidth are modified using this parameter, making it critical that it be set with respect to

the local RF noise and interference profile, and/or in relation to any multi-link network

design.

Changing Bandwidth will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Bandwidth

parameter must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the

near-end radio. Changing Bandwidth changes the radio’s threshold. A narrower

bandwidth has better threshold performance and improved interference immunity,

therefore if changing to a wider bandwidth, there is an opportunity that the link

may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. Check the available fade

margin and interference profile to determine if the impact to threshold and

increased bandwidth is acceptable to maintain the link and the desired

performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Bandwidth parameter, travel

to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Mode parameter to the designed selection. The value of this setting is determined in

the design/engineering stage. The Mode parameter must match at both ends of the link. In

conjunction with the Bandwidth parameter, the Mode parameter setting directly relates to the

capacity of the system, as well as critical RF parameters, including receiver threshold,

carrier-to-interference ratio, and in some cases, maximum radio transmit power.

Changing Mode will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Mode setting must

match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio.

Changing Mode changes the radio’s threshold, carrier-to-interference ratio, and

also may have impact on the Radio Transmit Power. A lower mode has better

threshold performance and carrier-to-interference ratio, and in some cases, higher

output power, therefore if changing to a higher mode (for example, from Mode 1

to Mode 2), there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable

through GUI control. Check the available fade margin and interference profile,

and determine if the impact to RF performance is sufficient to maintain the link

and desired performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Mode parameter,

travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

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• Set the RF Frequency (GHz) parameter to the designed point. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. RF Frequency must match at both ends of the

link. It may be critical to set RF Frequency with respect to the local RF noise and

interference profiles, and/or in relation to any multi-link network design.

The frequency selection section includes the ability to select from either the complete list of

frequencies (“All”) that can be tuned for the selected band and bandwidth, or a pre-selected

list of non-overlapping center frequencies (“Preferred”) that Exalt determined provides the

most flexible collocation opportunities for large networks of Exalt radios

The frequency selection section includes a band selection button that must be enabled for the

frequency band of operation for which the link was engineered. In some cases, some bands

may not be selectable due to regulatory constraints.

Changing RF Frequency will temporarily interrupt traffic. The RF

Frequency parameter setting must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio

first, and then the near-end radio. If the RF Frequency parameter is changed to a

frequency with interference, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI

control. If the link is lost due to changing the RF Frequency parameter, travel to

the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Endpoint Identifier so that one end of the link is set to Radio A and the opposite end

set to Radio B. In single-link networks, it is unimportant which end is designated A or B. In

multi-link networks, however, it may be important to orient the links so that at any

collocation site (where there are multiple radios of the same type at the same site), all radios

are set to the same Endpoint Identifier (A or B). See Link Orientation and Synchronization

on page 15.

Changing Endpoint Identifier parameter requires a reboot of the radio to take

effect. The reboot temporarily interrupts traffic.

• Set the Link Distance (miles) parameter to the range that is equal to or greater than the actual

link distance. The value of this setting is determined in the design/engineering stage.

Changing Link Distance parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic. The

Link Distance setting must match at each end and must not be less than the actual

link distance. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. If the

Link Distance parameter is changed to a setting less than the actual distance, the

link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to

this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value. If

the Link Distance parameter setting is set to a distance unnecessarily higher than

the actual link distance, the radio may have substantially reduced performance

with respect to throughput and latency.

• Set the TDD Frame Size (ms) parameter to the designed level. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. The TDD Frame Size parameter must match at

both ends of the link. The TDD Frame Size parameter setting directly relates to the capacity,

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latency, and number of TDM circuits that can be supported over the given link distance. In

multi-link networks, especially where there are collocated links, it is also important to set all

radios to the same TDD Frame Size setting to avoid self-interference. Future enhancement:

The GPS or internal sync function may be necessary for these networks. See The

professional installer is responsible to ensure that RF output power is properly adjusted so

that it does not exceed the regulatory limit of these conditions.

ETSI Compliance – EIRP limits

For the EX-5r family, a +30dBm EIRP limit applies for operation in the 5250-5350 MHz or

5470-5725 MHz bands. Adjust the output power in accordance with the following formula:

P = 30 – G + L

where:

P = Maximum transmitter output power of radio, in dBm

G = Specified gain of antenna, in dBi within the operational band

L = Total transmission system losses of all elements between the radio’s RF

connector and the antenna’s RF connector (all cables, connectors,

lightning suppressors), in dB, as specified or measured in the operational

band

For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 10 MHz BW setting

(shown as 8MHz in the GUI), a +33dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 33 – G + L

For the EX-5r family, operation in the 5725-5850 MHz band, using a 20 MHz BW setting

(shown as 16 MHz in the GUI), a +36dBm EIRP limit applies. Using the same definitions as

above, set the transmitter according to this equation:

P = 36 – G + L

• Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors and Link Orientation and Synchronization for more

information.

Changing the TDD Frame Size parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic.

TDD Frame Size parameters must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio

first, and then the near-end radio. If the TDD Frame Size parameter is set to a

value that cannot be supported for the link distance, the link may be lost and

unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel

to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Antenna Port parameter

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¶ r-c Series only: The antenna port selection allows selection of either the A or B connector

on the front face of the radio housing. Only set this parameter if using a dual-polarized

antenna or two separate antennas.

¶ r-Series only: The antenna port selection toggles between the vertically and horizontally

polarized integrated antennas. Ensure that both link ends match polarization.

Changing antenna port will temporarily interrupt traffic. The polarization of

the antennas at each end must match at each end – adjust the far-end radio first,

then the near-end radio.

• Buzzer Timeout (minutes) parameter creates an audio signal for antenna alignment. Turn on

the buzzer continuously during antenna alignment or preset a period of time that the buzzer

will sound. If the buzzer stops before alignment activities are complete, change the selection

and press the Update button or select the ON option until alignment activities are complete.

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Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to set the alarm, and duplex settings of the Ethernet

connection.

Figure 19 Ethernet Interface Configuration page

To ignore Ethernet alarms, disable the alarming of the MAIN connector.

Set the Ethernet interfaces on the radio and connected equipment to 100/full-duplex for best

performance. If the Ethernet ports are set to auto-negotiation, poor throughput performance may

be a result, as well as intermittent disconnections of the Ethernet connection.

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T1/E1 Configuration Pages

These pages allow the administrator to selectively enable or disable the T1 or E1 circuits, one at

a time. For enabled T1/E1 circuits, additional configuration, including loopback functions, are

available. Disable the unused T1 or E1 so that the alarms are turned off and more throughput is

allocated to the Ethernet interface. Every enabled T1 or E1 input, even if there is no T1 or E1

signal present, reduces the aggregate throughput of the Ethernet interface by roughly 3Mbps (for

T1) or 4Mbps (for E1).

This page toggles between T1 and E1, as required, by clicking the Set to T1 or Set to E1 button.

A warning displays that a reboot is necessary, and the radio reboots if the administrator

continues. This will interrupt traffic. It may be necessary to re-login to the radio after the reboot

completes. T1/E1 mode self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. This means that it

only needs to be set while connected at one end. In addition, enabling and disabling T1/E1

circuits also self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. If a link is not active and T1/E1

enabling is a mismatch when a link is first created, the Radio A configuration for T1/E1 enabling

supersedes the settings on the Radio B configuration, and changes the settings on Radio B.

Certain combinations of the TDD Frame Size, Link Distance, Mode, and

Bandwidth parameter settings limit the number of T1/E1 circuits that can be

carried by the radio. In these cases, certain fields on the T1/E1 Interface

Configuration pages are not available, starting with the highest port number. For

example, for a 4x T1/E1 radio version, if only three (3) circuits can be carried,

port 4 is not available for configuration and is disabled. If only two circuits can be

carried, both ports 3 and 4 are not available. Increasing the TDD frame size and

Mode parameters, and/or increasing the Bandwidth parameter results in an

increase in the supported number of T1/E1 circuits. For ‘-16’models, the highest

number channels that are configurable (based on the currently installed license

key) are disabled if they cannot be supported with the current settings.

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T1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual T1 channel, set the Line

Build Out (LBO), Line Code (either AMI or B8ZS), and AIS enabling/disabling for each input.

If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the

link fails or when there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local

end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback on page 52).

Figure 20 T1 Interface Configuration page

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E1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual E1 channel. The AIS can

also be enabled and disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the

output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no E1 signal

available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also

provided (see T1/E1 Loopback).

Figure 21 E1 Interface Configuration page

T1/E1 Loopback

Loopback is provided for any enabled T1 or E1 port. As shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23, the

choices are:

• No Loopback (default)

• External (local)

• External (remote)

• Internal

Only one Internal loopback can be enabled at any time.

All loopback configurations control the loop at the Line Interface integrated circuit, which is the

device wired directly to the front panel ports.

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External loopback modes are used in conjunction with an external test source. The designation of

‘local’ or ‘remote’ refers to where the loopback is occurring relative to the location where the

loopback is implemented. That is, on the radio being accessed, if External (remote) is selected,

this loops the signal back at the remote radio interface back towards the local radio. Likewise, if

External (local) is selected, the signal loops back at the local interface towards the remote radio

(Figure 22 and Figure 23).

Figure 22 External (remote) loopback

Figure 23 External (local) loopback

When a local T1/E1 port is configured for External (remote) loopback, it is the same as

configuring the remote radio for External (local) loopback.

Internal loopback uses an internal test source, and sends the test source signal across the link,

looped at the remote radio’s interface, returned to the local radio, and looped at the local radio’s

interface back to the source. The inputs at both ends are looped back at the line level. Figure 24

illustrates the internal loopback function.

Figure 24 Internal loopback

LOCAL REMOTE

OUT OUT

LOCAL REMOTE

OUT OUT

LOCAL REMOTE

OUT OUT

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File Transfer Page

This page allows the administrator to upload and download files to and from the radio. Two

types of files can be uploaded: configuration and radio firmware. When uploading

Configuration Files, current configuration parameters are immediately overwritten, and

the unit automatically reboots. When uploading radio firmware files, the file is placed into

reserve memory space. After the new radio firmware file uploads, use the File Activation page to

enable the files (see File Activation Page on page 57).

Up to three types of files can be downloaded: configuration, radio firmware, and MIB. The MIB

file refers to the Management Information Base related to the Simple Network Management

Protocol (SNMP) function, and is only available on models which support SNMP. See Simple

Network Management Protocol (SNMP) on page 58 for more information.

Check the File Activation page before uploading radio firmware files. New file

uploads overwrite the secondary file location. If important files reside in the

primary or secondary file location, download them before uploading the new files.

Only the active radio firmware file can be downloaded. Therefore, to download

the reserve file, it must first be activated (using the Swap button). See File

Activation Page on page 57.

Figure 25 File Transfer page

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Use the following steps to download a file.

1. Select the type of file to download (configuration or radio firmware).

2. Click the Download button and wait for the radio to prepare the file for download.

For the MIB file download, a second page/link appears (Figure 26).

3. Left-click the link on the page to download the file to a desired location.

Figure 26 File Transfer page—download file link

File download and upload is useful when configuring several radios with similar settings. A copy

of the configuration file can also help restore radio settings. In addition, a copy of the Exalt

default configuration file is helpful to restore the radio to factory settings.

Do not change the name of any download file. The configuration file must be

named config.nv. To keep track of multiple configuration files, use a folder

naming system or temporarily rename the file, however, it must be named

config.nv before it can be uploaded to a radio. Never change radio firmware file

names under any circumstances.

If copying the same configuration file into multiple radios, take as some parameters will match

and that may be undesirable. However, it may be easier to change just a subset of parameters

rather than every parameter. The following parameters can cause problems or confusion if they

match at each of a link:

• Radio Name

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• Endpoint Identifier

• IP Address

• IP Subnet Mask

• Default Gateway

The following parameters can match at both ends of the link:

• Link Name

• Link Security Key (although each link should be different)

• Admin and User passwords

• Bandwidth

• RF Frequency

• Link Distance

• TDD Frame Size

• T1/E1 configurations

• Ethernet configurations

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File Activation Page

Use this page to move stored or uploaded files for use on the radio. The page indicates which file

is currently in use, and which file is available for use. Click the Swap button to place the file in

the Alternative File column into the active state and move the file in the Current File column to

the Alternative File column.

Figure 27 File Activation page

In all cases, the radio reboots after a new file is selected using the Swap function.

This places the radio out of service for a short time.

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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration

Use SNMP to manage networked devices and execute the following functions:

• GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.

• SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.

• TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually

used for critical alarms or warnings.

Currently the SNMP implementation does not support TRAP functions. For

critical alarms, use the GET command for specific alarm conditions.

One feature of the SNMP implementation is that system configuration changes do not take effect

using the SET command. Instead, groups of configuration settings can be preconfigured for

global change, and a single ‘Save’ (Commit) command implements all changes.

When some parameters are changed, a link may drop and/or management control lost. MIB files

allow many parameters to be set at once, allowing only a temporarily dropped link or

management control issue. The opposite end radio can be quickly reconfigured, with little

downtime for the link and management control. The save (Commit) command is similar to the

Update button.

Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many

configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.

EX-series radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to

and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user

passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer.

Currently not all EX-series radios implement SNMP. Check the software release

notes to verify that the function is available. Generally, the radio supports SNMP

when MIB files are listed on the File Activation Page.

The SNMP MIBs are organized similar to the GUI. Become familiar with the GUI before using

the SNMP function.

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Alarms Page

This page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both local and remote radios.

The colors on this page reflect the color of the alarms displayed on the radio front panel.

However, additional detail displays on this page to aid in quick assessment of issues and status.

Figure 28 Alarms page

Table 8 lists alarm status conditions that appear on this page.

Table 8 Alarm status indicators

Label Status

Link Indicates RF link status:

Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6)

Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6)

Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3)

Ethernet Main Green Solid = Data present

Off = No data present

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Label Status

T1/E1 Input Green = Enabled and connection present (clocking confirmed)

Red = Enabled and no connection present

Grey = Disabled or unavailable due to configuration

Temperature Green Solid = Normal temperature range

Yellow Solid = Exceeding normal temperature range

The Temperature alarm monitors the internal temperature of the unit based on specific points

inside the radio chassis. It is normal for the internal temperature to be above the ambient

temperature, so the temperature reading may be higher than the highest specified ambient

temperature. When the internal electronics reach a point that is higher than the normal

temperature rise at the highest ambient temperature, the temperature alarm turns yellow. Power

down the radio as soon as possible, and investigate the cause of the temperature rise before the

radio is put back into service. In almost all cases, a temperature alarm is due to an external cause.

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Performance Page

This page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the

integrity of the user data and the RF link.

Figure 29 Performance page

• The Current BER field indicates the current bit error rate of the link. If the link is operating

perfectly, this should indicate zero. Generally, the link should remain at a BER less than

1x10-6 (1 bit out of every million bits errored). This is the threshold performance

specification and the standard to which the link was engineered. However, radio links can

and are affected by weather, interference, and other external sources and will occasionally

have a higher error rate. A link remains operational unless the BER exceeds 1x10-3 (1 bit out

of every hundred bits errored). Consult the link design engineer for an understanding of the

predicted error rate of the radio link as it has been designed. Many applications are

unaffected by bit errors, but TDM circuits (for example, T1 or E1) are more sensitive. Also,

if the link operator is providing a service guarantee, this value may need to be monitored or

examined in cases of service issues. The behavior of BER in relation to other alarms or

measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

• Current RSL is the measurement of the received signal level at the radio antenna port. This is

the measured level of the RF signal coming from the opposite end of the radio link. The link

was engineered to a specific RSL by the link design engineer, and this RSL should be

obtained during installation and remain relatively stable during the operation of the link. RSL

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can and will vary as a result of weather changes and other external sources, such as path

obstructions. Once again, this variation was part of the original design to achieve a certain

level of performance over time. Bit errors occur when the RSL falls to a level within roughly

3dB of the threshold specification. When the RSL falls below the threshold specification, the

link disconnects and will not reconnect until the RSL is above the threshold specification.

The behavior of RSL in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be

very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

• Errored Seconds (ES) indicates the total number of seconds that occurred where there was at

least one bit error since the last time that the radio statistics counter was reset. Generally, ES

are not a significant concern, so long as they are not continuous or above the anticipated

performance based on the original link engineering goals. If ES are continuous or at a high

rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference,

or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the

performance factors previously listed, ES can and will occur in any radio link. Once again,

consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual

performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other

problems may be causing excessive ES.

Unavailable Seconds do not register as ES. In other words, the ES counter counts

all seconds that are errored NOT INCLUDING the seconds that were classified as

unavailable. The total number of seconds with errors or outages is the sum of ES

and Unavailable Seconds.

• Unavailable Seconds (also called UAS) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of

every second where the bit error rate equals or exceeds 1x10-3, as well as any seconds where

there is a complete loss of radio communication, over the period since the last counter reset.

If Unavailable Seconds are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor

link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other

environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors listed above, Unavailable

Seconds can and do occur in any radio link. Consult the link engineer to determine the

original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if

any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive Unavailable

Seconds.

• Minimum RSL indicates the worst (lowest) received signal level that occurred since the last

counter reset. It is helpful to know if the RSL dropped significantly from the normal level, or

has reached a level near or below threshold.

• Minimum RSL Timestamp indicates the date and time when the Minimum RSL occurred.

This is helpful for general troubleshooting, and especially comparing to items in the event

log or diagnostic charts from the same time period.

• Maximum RSL indicates the best (highest) RSL that occurred since the last counter reset.

This indicates the best performance of the radio link, which is normally equal to the installed

value, and is usually the designed value.

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• Time Since Reset indicates the amount of time passed since the last counter reset. This helps

to quantify the seriousness of other statistics, such as ES and Unavailable Seconds, if there

have been high numbers of ES and/or Unavailable Seconds over a relatively short period of

time.

Each end of the link statistics on this page can be independently reset using the Reset Statistics

button for the local or remote radio. It is good practice to reset the statistics at the time that the

link is commissioned (after all antenna alignment is complete and stable RSL at designed levels

is achieved, and no more system reboots are anticipated). Make a habit of viewing this page

regularly, make records of the performance, and reset the statistics so that the counters can more

precisely pinpoint issues.

Resetting statistics from one end also resets the statistics for the same radio at the

opposite end. That is, if the Local statistics are reset, logging into the remote end

shows the Remote statistics on that end (which is the local radio in the first

condition) as being reset at the same time.

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Event Log Page

Use this page to review a list of the events logged by the radio. The following items are listed in

the event log:

• Alarms

• Alarms clearing (Normal)

• Radio Reboots

Every event is tagged with the time that the event occurred, and a severity and type. The event

log also allows filtering to limit the view of the log to the lowest level of desired information.

For example, a filter level of Minor displays Minor, Major, and Critical severity events.

The log contains the last 200 events. Events are deleted on a FIFO basis, erasing the oldest

entries to make room for the newest entries.

The event log can be cleared and be downloaded from the radio (some models may require a

software upgrade to enable this feature). A screen capture of the browser window can serve as a

useful record.

Figure 30 Event Log page

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Diagnostic Charts Page

Use this page as an aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current)

performance for three parameters: RSL, Radio Temperature, and BER.

The horizontal scale illustrates 120 points of time measurement and is synchronized on all three

graphs. The scale displays in minutes, hours, or days from the last two hours (120 minutes), five

days (120 hours), or four months (120 days). All information is stored, so all of these periods are

available for short- and long-term performance analysis. The right side of a graph represents the

most recent measurement, and data ‘marches’ from the right-to-left at every interval.

The vertical scale of each chart independently scales to show the maximum resolution based on

the maximum variation of the data over the selected time measurement.

Figure 31 Diagnostic Charts page

Use the cursor to point to any spot on any of the three charts, and all three charts illustrate the

measurements taken for that time interval in the upper-left corner of each chart. The time interval

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is indicated by T=(value). This is followed by the value of the measurement, listing the highest

value, lowest value and average value measured over that time interval.

For example, in Figure 31 the displayed time interval is minutes, and the cursor is held at the

T=17 mark on the horizontal axis. The measurements shown indicate performance from 17

minutes ago. The high/low/average values shown on each chart are measurements made across

that specific one-hour interval.

Changes in RSL often have an impact on BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for

synchronized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this

normally indicates interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as

problems with cables, connectors or antennas), or possibly radio hardware problems.

It is also useful to help determine if changes in radio temperature are occurring, and if they are

having any impact on RSL or BER. If the radio is mounted in an environmentally controlled

location, this has less relevance. However, temperature monitoring can be helpful to ensure that

the radio is operating within specifications.

Spectrum Analyzer Page

This page is not currently available. A built-in spectrum analyzer will be available in future

releases, and documented.

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Reboot Page

Use this page to reboot the radio. The function may never be required, but can be used in

emergencies. All configurations that require a reboot automatically reboot on administrator

confirmation.

Figure 32 Reboot page

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Manual Page

The manual (this document or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within

the GUI. Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.5 or higher is required (go to www.adobe.com to download

Acrobat Reader). Click the Manual link and the manual displays within the browser window.

Once the manual displays, click the save button on the PDF toolbar to download the manual

locally.

Figure 33 Manual page

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Troubleshooting

This section provides information regarding troubleshooting of common issues and alarms on

these radios. Exalt Digital Microwave Radio systems are designed by Exalt’s expert engineers

with extensive experience through multiple generations of microwave radio design. These new-

generation systems contain extensive diagnostic tools, alarm indications, and troubleshooting

aids. And, as compared to other systems in their class, are easier to install, maintain, and

troubleshoot. The GUI provides information to aid in troubleshooting (see Diagnostic Charts

Page on page 65).

Contact Exalt Customer Care for further assistance with issues with your Exalt radio and with

suggestions on how the radio and documentation can be improved.

General Practices

Troubleshooting a microwave radio link can be a complex task. Approach troubleshooting as a

process of elimination, and first determine which portions of the system are operating properly.

In a vast majority of cases, failures or poor performance of microwave links is attributed to

something other than the microwave radio hardware. In this respect, the back-to-back bench test

(see Back-to-back Bench Testing on page 82) is very important to determine if radio hardware is

operating properly and eliminate many variables in the troubleshooting process.

If a back-to-back bench test fails, then the radio hardware is either broken or the radios are

improperly configured. Upgrade the radio to the most current release of firmware, and/or reset

the radio to its critical factory settings, following the quick start guide instructions and those in

Configuration and Management, helps to confirm if configuration issues cause failure. The most

common issues with microwave radio links are:

• An improperly terminated RF cable

• Multipath propagation

• RF interference

• Path obstruction

• Misaligned antenna

• Faulty antenna

• Improper grounding

• Insufficient link margin in the design/implementation

• Moisture in the transmission system (antenna feed and/or RF cable)

If the radio link has been operating without issues and is exhibiting new poor performance

behavior or becomes completely inoperative, the troubleshooting process should pay close

attention to any conditions that may have changed between the time when the system was

working without issue and the time when the issues started.

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Also, it can be helpful to compare some performance parameters of the system before and after

the presence of issues. Often the source of the issues can be determined by thoughtful

consideration of changes, such as:

• Changes in weather, including high winds

• Changes made to the radio equipment, transmission system, or connected equipment

• New radio systems or electronic equipment the nearby radio or transmission system

• New construction nearby either end of the link, or along the path

• Tree growth, flooded fields, or changes in rivers/lakes along the path

Verify that configurations are set as follows:

• RF matches at each end of the link

• Bandwidth matches at each end of the link

• Link distance matches at each end of the link

• TDD Frame Length matches at each end of the link

• Endpoint Identifier is different at each end of the link (one end Radio A, one end Radio B)

• Ethernet interfaces are enabled, as desired

• AUX Ethernet is set for in-band or out-of-band NMS, as desired

• T1/E1 enabling matches at each end of the link

• Link security key matches at each end of the link

Also, use the ExaltCalc tool in the design phase to determine the optimum setting for the

Bandwidth and TDD Frame Length parameters for the given link distance, and provides

guidance to the expected RF link performance, as well as throughput, latency, and number of

supported T1/E1 circuits.

Typical Indications of Issues

In many cases, microwave radio users do not notice changes or degradation to the radio system

until the radio system fails completely or becomes highly errored or significantly intermittent.

However, regular management of the radio system can help indicate changes in performance that

have not yet impacted user performance, but may impact performance at a later date if left

unchecked or unaddressed. The administrator can use this as an opportunity to be proactive and

monitor the radio link performance regularly, watching for unexplained or unexpected changes

in performance and trends in performance changes.

Most importantly, monitoring radio system RSL over time indicates the performance of the radio

system. Address any long-term drop in RSL and erratic or unsteady RSL. Some RSL changes are

expected and weather patterns and the related multipath can cause dramatic RSL changes

resulting in system outage. However, that outage should not occur at a significantly greater rate

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than the designed long-term performance. Consult the path design engineer for more information

about link reliability expectations and anticipated RSL deviation.

In addition, regular inspection of the transmission system (RF cables and antennas) and paying

close attention to changes along the path, such as construction or tree height, or new microwave

radio installations nearby, can be extremely helpful and proactive.

When link performance is very poor, alarms on the radio front panel and within the radio’s

management system indicates particular failures. Consult this manual for more information on

the specific alarms and diagnostics, or contact Exalt Customer Care for assistance.

Exalt Customer Care is primarily motivated to determine if the radio hardware is faulty and

require return for repair, and to help execute an effective and efficient repair and return process

for radio terminals believed to be faulty. However, Exalt Customer Care provides advice

regarding the total radio system and RF path engineering and environment, and advises on

troubleshooting.

End users should first contact the installer and/or designer of the system. In many cases, an in-

depth understanding of RF design is required, and on-site analysis and special test equipment,

may be necessary. Compared to phone support from Exalt Customer Care, troubleshooting is

much more expeditious if the professional installer and/or link designer examines the system and

reviews the management information in the GUI. In turn, if the professional installer and/or link

designer contacts Exalt Customer Care, the process to rectify the system is much more expedient

due to the in-depth knowledge related to the implementation and the RF environment.

Improper RF Cable Termination

Improper RF cable termination is a very common problem. In many cases, this is a problem that

occurs during installation and is not a problem that suddenly appears. However, if cables are

moved or flexed, especially near the termination points, and radio errors, changes in RSL, or

other performance issues occur, this is a certain sign of this issue.

Another relatively easy method to test for this condition is to decrease the output power of the

radio system (at each end, one end at a time). A poor RF cable termination may be reflecting too

much RF energy back into the radio system, and reducing output power reduces the reflected

energy at a faster rate than the transmitted energy towards the far end. Be careful not to reduce

the output power to the point where the radio’s threshold is reached. Typically, a reduction of

just 3 to 6dB is enough to determine if this is the issue. If the reduction of output power clears

the error condition, this is the likely cause.

Use a reflectometer or meter that can read VSWR at the operating frequency to identify poor

terminations as well as poor antenna feeds.

The Praxsym VSWR meter is an excellent tool for this purpose

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Multipath Propagation

Multipath propagation is a term that encompasses changes to the RF path, such as reflections

and/or refraction, causing partial or complete destruction of the radio signal, and thus excessive

bit errors and/or system outages.

Rapid changes in temperature, inversion layers, humidity, air pressure, water evaporation, as

well as standing water or moisture on objects along the path are all examples of changes that can

cause multipath propagation. New building construction near either end of the path or along the

path can cause new reflection characteristics.

If your system has been operating without issue and is suddenly experiencing issues that are

symptomatic of a certain time of day or related to change in climatic events or some of the

external factors listed above, this is likely the cause. Consult a professional RF path engineer in

these cases. Often, minor repositioning of the antennas at either or both ends can reduce or

eliminate these problems.

RF Interference

RF interference is usually indicative of another radio system nearby either end of your radio

system or aimed towards one or both ends of your radio system – usually at or near the same

frequency and usually with a similar signal level.

Other forms of RF interference also exist, such as electronic equipment placed close to the radio

chassis or transmitters that couple onto the cabling or grounding system of the radio. Microwave

ovens and wireless communication devices used near the equipment or cabling are examples of

electronic equipment interference.

The Exalt EX-5 series Digital Microwave Radios operate in license-exempt

bands. Microwave ovens, wireless Internet devices and cordless phone technology

may also use this frequency band. It may be necessary to separate the radio

chassis, cabling system and antenna from these devices.

RF interference, like most other causes of problems, is indicated by significant bit errors and/or

system outages.

One means to determine presence of interference is the use of a spectrum analyzer that covers the

same range as the radio system. A professional RF engineer can use a spectrum analyzer to

locate sources of interference, measure these sources, and determine potential remedies to take to

operate in the presence of interference.

If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the radio’s RSL port can help determine RSL levels of

interfering signals. By turning the far-end radio off, the residual RSL measured by the radio

indicates the level of interference seen by the radio. It is possible that interference levels below

that which can be measured still have an impact on the radio system – especially if the radio

system has low fade margin or is using a high order modulation.

Exalt Digital Microwave Radios provides considerable flexibility to tune to different frequencies

across the bands within which they operate. This is the easiest method to use to try to avoid

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existing interference. In addition, the occupied bandwidth of the radio can be reduced. This,

along with re-tuning, can be very effective, however throughput is reduced.

Repositioning the antenna and/or changing polarization, or upgrading the antenna to a higher

gain, and/or using a high-performance antenna, are all secondary means that can be used. It may

be necessary to perform combinations of both radio changes (retuning, occupied bandwidth

reduction) and antenna system changes (position, polarization, upgrade).

The EX-4.9r radio operates under licensed regulations. If interference is suspected, the local

frequency coordination organization, or other users of the spectrum should be consulted before

re-tuning the radio to a different frequency channel.

Path Obstruction

A path obstruction is defined as an object, such as a building or tree, impeding the proper path of

the radio system. If the system design was proper at the time of installation and issues arise at a

later date, an updated path profile and survey may be necessary to identify changes in path

clearance.

Misaligned Antenna

At the time of initial installation, it is critical that the antennas at each end are properly aligned

and that the designed RSL is achieved. However, antennas may become misaligned due to high

winds, changes in the guy-wiring systems keeping the antenna mast stable, or loosening of the

antenna mounting hardware. A reduction in the RSL of the link is symptomatic of this condition,

but this condition is not the only condition that results in a reduction of RSL. However, if

conditions occur where the antenna alignment may be suspected, the mechanics must be

inspected and the antennas realigned.

Faulty Antenna

A faulty antenna is rare, but is still a possibility. In some cases, the mechanics of the antenna

feed can get moisture inside, or a bad or weak connection in the pin and connector structure of

the antenna may occur. A VSWR measurement of the antenna connection can be made to verify

this condition.

Improper Grounding

In addition to being a potential human safety issue, improper system grounding is a somewhat

common condition that can cause continuous bit errors or bit errors when metal objects come in

contact with the radio, transmission system, or racking system. If touching the radio causes

errors, grounding is the cause. It can be difficult to identify grounding problems, but a

professional electrician can normally inspect a system and identify if there are deficiencies in the

grounding system.

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Insufficient Link Margin

Ideally, the link was designed with enough link margin (fade margin) to allow for multipath

propagation and atmospheric fading and still remain reliable. In some cases, link margin is

compromised by economic factors, such as using low-cost RF cabling or lower-cost antennas

that have less gain or deficient performance compared to higher cost transmission system

components. In some cases, there may be antenna size restrictions that forced the design to not

have the desired amount of link margin.

If the link was designed with poor link margin, there are likely many cases of bit errors and

outages. The antenna system and transmission line can be upgraded to help reduce this. If the

link design was installed with sufficient margin, but RSL is reduced, the remaining link margin

may no longer be enough to maintain a reliable link. The causes of RSL reduction were

previously described, but are usually due to new path obstruction(s) or antenna misalignment due

to wind or mechanical factors. The antenna height or location can be changed to overcome new

obstructions. Realignment of the antenna, and/or improvement to mechanical structures can help

overcome antenna misalignment.

Moisture in the Transmission System

If the connectors on cables and antennas and egress junctions are not properly weatherproofed,

moisture can get into the transmission system and cause significant error conditions and erratic

performance. In many cases, the transmission system must be replaced. A VSWR meter is one

means to identify such issues. Physical inspection can be helpful, and if changes to the

weatherproofing occur (such as cracks), the weatherproofing must be replaced before it leaks.

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Specifications

This section presents specifications for the EX-5r series of Digital Microwave Radios.

Physical Specifications

Physical Configuration Outdoor unit (ODU)

Dimensions (H x W x D) 13 x 13 x 4.25"/33 x 33 x 10.8 cm

Weight 15 lbs; 6.8 kg

Operating Temperature –40 to +149°F /–40 to +65°C;

Altitude 15,000'/4.6 km

Humidity 100% condensing

Environmental NEMA4/IP56

Safety/EMC EN 60950; EN 301-489-17

Common System Specifications

Tuning Resolution 1MHz (5MHz for 4.9 GHz Products)

Power Control Step Size 0.5dB

Selectable Modulation Modes Mode 1 (QPSK); Mode 2 (16QAM)

Selectable Channel Bandwidths 8MHz, 16MHz, 32MHz*, 64MHz*

Selectable Frame Lengths (ms) 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 4, 5

Maximum Aggregate User Capacity

Error Floor 10-12

Frequency Stability +7 ppm

Link Security 96-bit Security Code

*Not all BW selections are available in every country. And, in some cases, certain BW selections

are only available after purchasing a software upgrade license key, for countries where wider

operating bandwidths are allowed.

Mbps Mode 1 Mode 2

8 /10 MHz 13 27

16 / 20 MHz 27 54

32 / 40 MHz* 55 110

64 MHz* 110 216

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EX-4.9r System Specifications

Frequency Band 4940 to 4990 MHz

Tunable Range 4945 to 4985 MHz

Output Power (at full power, Mode 1) +24dBm (20MHz BW)

+22dBm (10MHz BW)

+20dBm (40MHz BW)

Output Power (at minimum power) +4dBm

Selectable Channel Bandwidths 10MHz, 20MHz,*

Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage

Non-overlapping channels 10MHz: 5; 20MHz: 2

Regulatory Compliance FCC Part 90; IC RSS-111

FCC ID TTM-104P90R

IC ID 6254A-104P90R

Emission Designator(s)

*For the EX-4.9i, firmware options are required to enable Mode 2/20MHz BW

dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

10MHz -86 -78

20MHz -83 -75*

10MHz 10M9W7D

20MHz 21M8W7D

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System Specifications, 5.3GHz Band

Frequency Band 5250 to 5350 MHz

Tunable Range 5260 to 5332 MHz

Output Power (at full power) +13dBm (0.02W)

Output Power (at minimum power) -7dBm

Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage

Non-overlapping channels 8MHz: 10; 16MHz: 5; 32MHz*: 2; 64MHz*: 1

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.407; IC RSS-210; EN 301 893

FCC ID TTM-105P25R

IC ID 6254A-105P25R

Emission Designator(s)

*Not all BW selections are available in every country. And, in some cases, certain BW selections

are only available after purchasing a software upgrade license key, for countries where wider

operating bandwidths are allowed.

dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

8MHz -86 -78

16MHz -83 -75

32MHz* -80 -72

64MHz* -77 -69

8MHz 8M7W7D

16MHz 17M2W7D

32MHz* 34M5W7D

64MHz* 67M9W7D

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System Specifications, 5.4GHz Band

Presently this band is not enabled. This band will be enabled through a free

software upgrade upon regulatory approval.

Frequency Band 5470 to 5725 MHz

Tunable Range 5488 to 5715 MHz

Output Power (at full power) +13dBm (0.02W)

Output Power (at minimum power) -7dBm

Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage

Non-overlapping channels 8MHz: 29; 16MHz: 14; 32MHz*: 7; 64MHz*: 3

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.407; IC RSS-210; EN 301 893

FCC ID TTM-105P25R

IC ID 6254A-105P25R

Emission Designator(s)

*Not all BW selections are available in every country. And, in some cases, certain BW selections

are only available after purchasing a software upgrade license key, for countries where wider

operating bandwidths are allowed.

dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

8MHz -86 -78

16MHz -83 -75

32MHz* -80 -72

64MHz* -77 -69

8MHz 8M7W7D

16MHz 17M2W7D

32MHz* 34M5W7D

64MHz* 67M9W7D

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System Specifications, 5.8GHz Band

Frequency Band 5725 to 5850 MHz

Tunable Range 5731 to 5844 MHz

Output Power (at full power) +24dBm (0.25W), Mode 1

+21dBm (0.13W), Mode 2

Output Power (at minimum power) +4dBm

Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage

Non-overlapping channels 8MHz: 15; 16MHz: 7; 32MHz*: 3; 64MHz*: 1

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.247; IC RSS-210; EN 302 502

FCC ID TTM-105P25R

IC ID 6254A-105P25R

Emission Designator(s)

*Not all BW selections are available in every country. And, in some cases, certain BW selections

are only available after purchasing a software upgrade license key, for countries where wider

operating bandwidths are allowed.

(dBm) Mode 1 Mode 2

8MHz -86 -78

16MHz -83 -75

32MHz* -80 -72

64MHz* -77 -69

8MHz 9M1W7D

16MHz 16M5W7D

32MHz* 31M8W7D

64MHz* 61M6W7D

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Interfaces

RF (x2, EX-5r-(x)c only)

Connector N-type female

Impedance 50 Ohms

T1/E1 (x2, 2 interfaces each)

Connector RJ-45 (RJ48C), female

T1 Impedance 100 Ohms, balanced

T1 Line Codes AMI, B8ZS, selectable

T1 LBO Settings (in ft.) 0-133, 133-266, 266-399, 399-533, 533-655

T1 Clocking Speed 1.544 Mbps

T1 Compliance ANSI T1.102-1987; ITU-T; G.823; GR-49T-CORE

E1 Impedance 120 Ohms, balanced

E1 Line Codes HDB3

E1 Clocking Speed 2.048 Mbps

E1 Compliance CEPT-1; G.703; ITU-T-G703

Ethernet

Connectors RJ-45, female, auto-MDIX

Interface Speed 10 or 100 Mbps

Duplex Half, full, auto, selectable

Compliance 802.3

Sync-In

Connector RJ-45, female

Signal 1pps (GPS)

Power — Power Injector

Connector 6-pin barrier strip

Input Voltage 48VDC

Consumption <60 W (1.25A)

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Integrated Antenna (EX-5r(-x) only)

Gain (midband) 20dBi

3dB Beamwidth 15 degrees

Polarization Switch-selectable vertical or horizontal

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Back-to-back Bench Testing

Use back-to-back bench testing to test the radio before installation, pre-configure the radio and

connected equipment before installation, or in the troubleshooting process to identify if the radio

hardware is the source of a system issue. It is a critical process, and often required or highly

desirable for any installation or troubleshooting exercise. This section describes how to properly

configure the radio hardware and accessories for a proper back-to-back bench test.

For radio testing, there are two types of back-to-back configurations:

1. Basic test (test general operation)

2. Specification performance verification (EX-5r-c only)

Basic Test

The basic test is a simple test of radio functionality. It verifies that the radios are properly

configured to communicate to one another, and verifies general radio performance as

operational.

For the basic test, the following items are needed:

• Radio pair

• Powering source

• Computer/terminal with Ethernet port

EX-5r-c only

• RF interconnect cable(s) (any length – short is best)

• Fixed or variable attenuation, between 60 and 90dB (note: attenuation for basic test does not

to be calibrated or precise)

Connections EX-5r-c only

Connect the items as follows:

1. Connect attenuation and (known-good) RF cable(s) between radio pair, shown in Figure 34.

2. Configure one radio as Radio A; the other as Radio B

3. Power on radio pair

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Figure 34 Basic back-to-back bench test configuration

EX-5r Basic Test Configuration

When the radios are near one another, the integral antenna provides the connection. Place an

RF-absorptive material such as wood or RF absorbing foam between the units to provide

attenuation.

Do not point the radios directly towards one another when they are in close

proximity.

Power received from an adjacent radio at full power will damage both radios. Turn the

transmitter power down and separate the radios as far apart as possible. Use an RF-absorptive

material in between the antennas for additional safety.

Verify Connection

After connecting and powering on, observe the front panel LEDs to verify that the LINK and

STATUS LEDs are green. If so, the radios are communicating and all radio-related alarm

conditions are normal.

It can be beneficial to have a computer to verify configuration in case of red LEDs or to pre-

configure the radio as desired for operation. Follow the instructions in Configuration and

Management.

Specification Performance Verification—EX-5r-(x)c only

The specification performance verification is a more detailed test that allows you to verify that

the radio’s output power and threshold specifications are being met. This is typically a test that

would only be performed in a troubleshooting scenario, but can be performed before installation

to provide a detailed record or ensure radio performance before installation.

This test is identical to the basic test, but in place of the fixed attenuation, it requires the use of

calibrated variable attenuation, or a set of calibrated fixed attenuators, or a combination of both,

adding to a total attenuation value of 120dB, as measured at the operating frequency of the radio.

In addition, a volt meter or computer is also required.

CAUTION

RADIO B RADIO A

ATTENUATION

(60-90DB)

RF PORTS

POWER

INJECTOR

AC POWER

(CONNECT LAST)

COMPUTER

POWER

INJECTOR

AC POWER

(CONNECT LAST)

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Connect the system as shown in Figure 34, using the combination of fixed and variable

attenuation between the radio’s RF ports. Connect the volt meter to either radio’s RSL test point

and associated reference ground connection.

In this test, it is desirable to use pre-tested RF cables, known to be good, and the insertion loss is

known at the operating frequency. If the cables are short (6'/2m or less), you can estimate the

loss, including connectors, to be less than 1dB each. The estimate of cable loss is critical to the

overall confidence of the measurements made in this test.

There are two critical specifications that can be tested in this configuration:

1. RF output power

2. Radio receiver threshold

To measure transmitter output power, simply insert any value of attenuation between the radios

between 60 and 90dB. Ensure that both RF output power settings are at maximum. Use the volt

meter to measure RSL in both directions. The RSL measured value should match the appropriate

value according to the inserted attenuation, such as:

RSL = RF Output Power – cabling losses – total attenuation

Verify output power by adjusting output power using the Exalt GUI (in administration mode)

and evaluate the corresponding change to the RSL measurement.

For threshold testing, the key is to insert a measured amount of loss that is close to, but not

exceeding the radio’s specified system gain. System gain is the difference between RF output

power and receiver threshold. At your selected modulation and bandwidth settings, determine the

specified threshold performance, and choose a value of attenuation (including cable losses) that

adds to roughly 5 to 15dB less than the system gain.

For example, for a setting of Mode1 and 8 MHz, if the threshold for your measurement is

-86dBm, the output power is +24dBm, so the system gain is 110dB. Choose a value of total

attenuation in the range of roughly 100–105dB. Once this attenuation is inserted, verify RSL

readings as in the first step, and then, using the GUI, reduce radio output power in 1dB steps

until the receiving radio (the one whose output power not being adjusted) Link LED turns from

green to yellow. This indicates that threshold has been reached. At this point, verify the equation

for system gain using the new output power level setting and verify that the threshold

performance is meeting or exceeding the published specification.

Due to the variation of measurements and accuracies involved in this test, you

may read a measurement that is 1dB to as much as 2dB off of the expected value.

It should be of no concern unless the value is more than 3dB worse than expected.

Once threshold is verified in this direction, repeat the process in the opposite direction by

adjusting RF output power of the radio at the opposite end. Return the first radio to its original

power setting before adjusting the second radio.

Perform threshold measurement tests for all combinations of bandwidth and mode (modulation)

being used–especially when troubleshooting. It should not be necessary to vary center frequency,

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as this does not have any appreciable impact on system gain performance, however, try any

setting combination to gain confidence in the radio performance parameters.

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Interface Connections

This section provides the pin number assignment and wiring information for the connectors on

the EX-5r. All connectors are shown as viewed from the radio front panel, as shown in Figure

35.

Figure 35 Ex-5r connector orientation

T1/E1 Connections

There are two connectors for T1/E1, each connector has two T1/E1 circuits available. Figure 36

illustrates the pin orientation and functionality of these connectors.

Figure 36 T1/E1 connectors

Pin Function

1 Tip Out (from radio) – Ch.1 & 2

2 Ring Out (from radio) – Ch.1 & 2

3 Tip Out (from radio) – Ch.3 & 4

4 Tip In (to radio) – Ch.1 & 2

5 Ring In (to radio) – Ch.1 & 2

6 Ring Out (from radio) – Ch.3 & 4

7 Tip In (to radio) – Ch.3 & 4

8 Ring In (to radio) – Ch.3 & 4

POWER/ETHERNET

GPS/RSL

T1/E1 2&4

T1/E1 1&3

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RSL & GPS Sync Connector

This connector can be used during the antenna alignment process, to provide a received signal

level (RSL) voltage to a voltmeter. The connector is also used for connection to an optional Exalt

GPS antenna for the purposes of GPS synchronization. The figure below illustrates the pin

orientation and functionality for this connector.

Figure 37 RSL & GPS connector

Power/Ethernet Connector

This connector is the primary connector on the radio, and must be connected to provide power to

the radio, and primary Ethernet communications for traffic and Ethernet. The figure below

illustrates the pin orientation and functionality for this connector.

The Ethernet connector implements Auto-MDIX, and therefore either ‘straight’ or ‘crossover’

Ethernet cables may be used, independent of the wiring of the connected device. The wiring

follows typical wiring for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE), however the power consumption

requirement for the EX-5r does not allow for ‘standard’ (802.3af) PoE, and only the Exalt power

injector shall be used. In addition, the Exalt power injector provides critical reset and alarm

capability that would not be available from a generic PoE injector, even if the power

consumption requirement is met.

Pin Function

1 +5V out to GPS antenna

2 Ground

3 Tx Data to GPS antenna

4 Enable signal to GPS antenna

5 Rx Data from GPS antenna

6 1pps signal from GPS antenna

7 Received Signal Level (RSL)

8 Unused

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Figure 38 Power/Ethernet connector

Pin Function

1 Paired with Pin 2

2 Paired with Pin 1

3 Paired with Pin 6

4 +DC Power (48V) In

5 +DC Power (48V) In

6 Paired with Pin 3

7 -DC Power (48V) In

8 -DC Power (48V) In

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This section presents copyright notices for third-party software licensed to Exalt

Communications, Inc.

Net-SNMP

The following copyright notice applies to the open-source licensing agreement for Net-SNMP.

Derivative Work - 1996, 1998-2000

Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation for any

purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in

all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting

documentation, and that the name of CMU and The Regents of the University of California not

be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific

written permission.

CMU AND THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DISCLAIM ALL

WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL CMU

OR THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY

SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER

IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,

ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS

SOFTWARE.

Network Associates Technology, Inc.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

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* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* Neither the name of the Networks Associates Technology, Inc nor the names of its

contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without

specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND

CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,

INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,

EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR

PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE

USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGE.

Cambridge Broadband, Ltd.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* The name of Cambridge Broadband Ltd. may not be used to endorse or promote products

derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER ``AS IS'' AND ANY

EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT

OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF

LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING

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NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS

SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Use is subject to license terms below.

This distribution may include materials developed by third parties.

Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun

Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* Neither the name of the Sun Microsystems, Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be used

to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written

permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND

CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,

INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,

EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR

PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE

USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGE.

Sparta, Inc.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

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* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* Neither the name of Sparta, Inc nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or

promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND

CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,

INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,

EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR

PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE

USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGE.

Cisco, Inc.

Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* Neither the name of Cisco, Inc, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, nor the

names of their contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this

software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND

CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,

INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,

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EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR

PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE

USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGE.

Fabasoft R&D Software GmbH & Co.

oss@fabasoft.com

Author: Bernhard Penz

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted

provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

* The name of Fabasoft R&D Software GmbH & Co KG or any of its subsidiaries, brand or

product names may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software

without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER ``AS IS'' AND ANY

EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT

OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF

LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING

NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS

SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Exalt Communications, Inc.

r-series Installation and Management Manual

5000007 (ETSI) 94

2007-02-12 (draft)

Index

AC adapter, 22, 23

accessory kit contents, 7

Administration Settings page, 40

administrator privileges, 35

AIS enabling/disabling, 48

alarm conditions, 38

alarms, 46, 56, 61

clearing, 61

Temperature, 57

Alarms page, 56

AMI, 48

antenna port parameter, 45

antennas

alignment, 30, 70

Canada, v

mounting, 3, 26

indoor, 29

mounting height, 6

polarization orientation, 6

site preparation considerations, 6

system grounding, 6

transmission line, 27

troubleshooting, 70

USA, 25

B8ZS, 48

back-to-back bench test, 8, 78

back-to-back bench test configuration, 79

bandwidth, 5, 6

Bandwidth parameter, 43, 53

battery source, 22

BER, 62

browsers, 33

buzzer timeout selection parameter, 45

cables

Ethernet (CAT5), 8

RF, 4, 6

T1/E1, 8

troubleshooting

improper RF cable termination, 68

carrier-to-interference tolerance, 6

center frequency, 9

center frequency tuning, 5

channel bandwidth, 5

CLI, 32

main menu, 32

menu options, 32

configuration file, 51

connectors, 20

GPS/RSL, 20

Power/Ethernet, 20, 82

T1/E1, 81

T1/E1 1&3, 20

T1/E1 2&4, 20

contact information, 1

Current BER field, 58

Current RSL field, 58

data communication interface, 4

date and time, 40

DC power source, 22

Diagnostic Charts page, 62

dimensions, 72

documentation, related, 1

duplex

100/full-duplex, 46

duplex settings, 46

E1 channels, 49

E1 Interface Configuration page, 49

effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), 9

encryption, 5

Endpoint Identifier, 36, 44, 52

Errored Seconds (ES) field, 59

Ethernet, 6

Ethernet configuration parameters, 53

Ethernet connectors, 82

Ethernet interface, 76

throughput settings, 47

Ethernet Interface Configuration page, 46

Event Log page, 61

ExaltCalc tool, 12, 67

external loopback modes, 50

factory default settings, 24, 52

fade margin, 6, 70

features, 4

File Activation page, 51, 54

File Transfer page, 51

file transfers, 51

files

activating stored, 54

default configuration file, 52

frame length. See TDD frame

frequency

center, 7

Exalt Communications, Inc.

r-series Installation and Management Manual

5000007 (ETSI) 95

2007-02-12 (draft)

gateway (default), 53

GPS/RSL connector, 20

GPS/RSL LED, 21

grounding, 70

GUI

Administration Settings page, 40

Alarms page, 56

browsers supported, 33

description, 33

Diagnostic Charts page, 62

E1 Interface Configuration page, 49

Ethernet Interface Configuration page, 46

Event Log page, 61

File Activation page, 51, 54

File Transfer page, 51

IP address (default), 33

navigation panel, 37, 38

Performance page, 58

Radio A configuration, 34

Radio Information page, 38

Reboot page, 64

Spectrum Analyzer page, 63

summary status information, 37

System Configuration page, 42

T1 Interface Configuration page, 48

T1/E1 Configuration page, 47

hop, 7

interfaces

Ethernet, 76

power, 76

RF, 76

T1/E1, 76

interference, 59

interference profile, 6

IP address, 53

IP address conflicts, 34

IP address subnet, 34

IP settings, 8

IP subnet mask, 53

latency optimization, 5

LEDs

GPS/RSL, 21

Power Injector, 21

Power/Ethernet, 21

T1/E1 1&3, 21

T1/E1 2&4, 21

License Key, 41

lightning arrestor, 6

lightning arrestors, 29

Line Build Out (LBO), 48

Line Code, 48

link, 6

orientation, 13

RF link testing, 8

synchronization, 13

Link Distance parameter, 44, 53

link margin, 70

Link Name parameter, 53

link parameters, 37

Link Security Key, 40

Link Security Key parameter, 53

loopback, 48, 49

external (local), 49

external (remote), 49

internal, 49

Maximum RSL field, 59

MIB files, 51

Minimum RSL field, 59

Minimum RSL Timestamp field, 59

Mode parameter, 43

mounting

hardware, 18

multipath, 67

multipath propagation, 68

muting, 46

noise profile, 6

parameters

antenna port, 45

buzzer timeout selection, 45

passwords, 8, 35, 53

path obstruction, 70

performance degradation, 67

Performance page, 58

power

system LEDs and, 23

Power connector, 82

power injector, 23

power interface, 76

Power/Ethernet connector, 20

radio

default settings, 14

Exalt Communications, Inc.

r-series Installation and Management Manual

5000007 (ETSI) 96

2007-02-12 (draft)

grounding, 6, 70

initiation tasks, 16

installation tasks, 16

maximum transmit power setting, 43

mounting, 6, 18

parameters, 9

rebooting, 61, 64

transmitter output power, 6

Radio A, 14

Radio A configuration, 7

radio configuration, 7

radio features, 4

radio firmware files, 51

radio frequency, 2

Radio Information page, 38

radio mount

enclosure, 3

connections, 4

indoor, 3

connections, 4

Radio Name parameter, 52

Radio Transmit Power parameter, 42

Reboot page, 64

received signal level (RSL). See RSL

receiver threshold, 6

receiver threshold performance, 9

record keeping, 17

regulatory requirements, 10

EIRP Canada, 11

FCC EIRP, 10

USA, 10

regulatory rquirements

Canada, 11

RESET button, 22

RF cable length, 4

RF connector termination, 22

RF Frequency parameter, 44, 53

RF interface, 76

RF interference, 69

RF lightning arrestor, 29

RF output power, 9

RSL, 9

current RSL readings, 58

diagnostics, 62

Maximum RSL field, 59

Minimum RSL Timestamp field, 59

monitor for performance, 67

RSL voltage, 30

security mode, 8

Set to E1 button, 47

Set to T1 button, 47

shipping box contents, 7

site preparation, 6

SNMP, 55

specifications, 72

Spectrum Analyzer page, 63

Swap button, 51, 54

System Configuration page, 42

system latency, 6

system parameters

default settings, 24

system performance, 58

system reboot, 61

system settings

Current BER field, 58

Errored Seconds (ES) field, 59

grounding, 70

Maximum RSL, 59

Minimum RSL field, 59

Time Since Reset field, 59

Unavailable Seconds field, 59

system specifications, 72

T1 clocking, 21

T1 Interface Configuration page, 48

T1/E1 1&3 connector, 20

T1/E1 2&4 connector, 20

T1/E1 2&4 LED, 21

T1/E1 circuits, 47

T1/E1 Configuration page, 47

T1/E1 configuration parameters, 53

T1/E1 connections, 81

T1/E1 connectors, 81

T1/E1 interfaces, 76

T1/E1 loopback, 49

TDD factors, 12

TDD frame length, 6, 7

TDD frame size, 6

TDD Frame Size parameter, 44, 53

TDM circuit, 6

TDM circuits, 43

TDM interfaces, 13

Telnet session, 32

temperature, 62

Temperature alarm, 57

testing, 78

back-to-back bench, 8

threshold, 80

threshold measurement, 80

threshold measurement tests, 80

threshold testing, 80

time division duplex (TDD). See TDD frame

Time Since Reset, 59

transmission line

coaxial, 27

transmitter

output power, 9

transmitter output power, 6

troubleshooting, 62, 66

Unavailable Seconds (UAS), 59

unfaded error-free performance, 9

Exalt Communications, Inc.

r-series Installation and Management Manual

5000007 (ETSI) 97

2007-02-12 (draft)

Update button, 40

user privileges, 35 V

voltage test, 30

VSWR, 68

5000007

2006-09-19

580 Division St. Campbell, CA 95008 USA

Exalt Wireless 104P90R EX-4.9r-xc User Manual

Exalt Communications Inc. EX-4.9r-xc Users Manual

Users Manual

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