Exicom 2950-3 User Manual 8

Exicom Limited 8

8

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PART ONE
CONDO]?
5 TA N D A R D
CONFIGURATION
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E x r c o M
“4 r 5 Jr ~ A r r a u A L Condor Technical Manual Pant - Introduction
Introductron
1.1 General
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
The Condor is a single channel. duplex radio link providing communication between two
terminals in ﬁxed installations. Communication is via a channel with normal telephone
bandwidth is. 300Hz - 3400Hz. The Condor is duplex allowing the user to both listen and
speak at the same time.
Application
The Condor is used for three different applications: telephone, payphone or non-
telephone. When used to provide a telephone or payphone, one Condor terminal is
connected to a telephone or payphone, and the other to a Telephone Exchange. When
used in non-telephone applications. the Condor provides a voice channel on demand.
These three modes are described in more detail below.
Radio Bends
The Condor is available in a number of radio bands. Within each band. a pair of
frequencies is chosen and dialled up on switches in the receiver and transmitter modules.
For more Information on radio bands. refer to the Condor Installation Guide and to
Sections 7, 8 and 9 of this manual.
Line interface Modules
The Condor 2825 Line interface Module can be set for either an exchange terminal or a
subscriber terminal. As a subscriber terminal, the interface can be set for one telephone or
two telephones (normal or high current). As an exchange terminal. the interface can be set
for two wires or four wires plus E and M signalling. For more information on the 2825 Line
Interface, refer to Section 11 of this manual.
The 2586 Exchange Line Interface and the 2857 Subscriber Line Interface can only be
used for their specific function is. Subscriber or Exchange. The two line interfaces are
used when payphone facilities are required and are fully compatible with 50Hz longitudinal
meter pulse, 12 or 16kHz meter pulse or line reversal payphones. For more information on
the 2556 and 2587 line interfaces refer to Sections 18 and 19 of this manual.
of?
1.1.5
1.2
1.2.1
E X] C‘- D M
I u 75 n w . r r o u A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - Introduction
1.1.4 Telephone Applications
When used as a telephone link. the Condor enables a telephone to operate as if it is
connected to the exchange by wire. instead 01 radio. Under normal conditions, the user is
not aware that a radio is being used. Both pulse dial and DTMF dial telephones operate
normally. The ringing cadence sent to the telephone is the same as the exchange sends
and most exchange tones are heard as normal. The only noticeable differences are:
> Dial tone is not received until about 1.5 seconds after the handset is lifted.
> There is an additional tone (Iink busy). which is heard if the radio path fails.
Payphone operation also supports the detection and generation of payphone signalling.
This enables correct operation of any payphone connected to the subscriber terminal.
Non-Telephone (Point-to-Polnt) Applications
When set in point-to—point mode, the Condor acts as a simple duplex radio. The radio link
is set up when one of the terminals receives an M~wire providing a voice or data path from
one terminal to the other. M-wlre into one terminal is forwarded as E-wire out of the other
terminal. Removal of the M-wire closes the link down. There are two basic Point to Point
modes:
> Normal - in this mode only the terminal which has an M-wire signal into it will transmit;
> Trunking - in this mode when one terminal is niggered by an M-wire, a duplex link will
set up. The link remains until hall a second alter both M-wires are removed.
For more information about non-telephone applications refer to the 2737 module, Section
5 of this manual or contact your Condor supplier.
Cautionary Notes
Screw Sizes
Screws in this equipment have No. 2 JIS heads (Japan Industry Standard) Damage to
screw heads may result it the incorrect screw tips are used. The closest alternative is
No. 2 Phllllps
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EXI C O M
inuunau“ MorTechnlcnlManualPani-lmroduction
1.2.2 Electrostatic Dames
The Condor uses a number of semi-conductor devices which are sensitive to
electrostatic damage. You should assume that every |C Is sensitive to static
electricity.
Please take adequate care in the handling and storage of such devices when
carrying out any service work on the equipment.
Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside
electrically conductive static shielding bags.
CAUTION Repair work on equipment containing these devices should be carried out only
at "electrostatic-safe work stations', where the work bench surface, soldering
iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful
electrostatic charges.
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EXI CO M
mrunriwvu CondorTechnlcel Manual Pant—Introduction
1.3 How To Use This Manual
This manual is divided into two parts.
> Part One details the Condor used with the 2825 Line Interface, allowing normal phone
or point-to-point operation.
> Part Two details the Condor using the 2856 and 2587 Line interfaces which enable
payphone operation. The modules common to both systems conﬁgurations are
covered in Part One and should be referred to when reading Part Two.
The Condor Technical Manual Is one oi a set of three Condor manuals. it describes how
the Condor works. The other two texts are:
> Condor installation Manual: This manual describes how to install the Condor. This
manual is supplied with every Condor terminal.
> SR2101310 and Gender Test Units Manual: This manual describes how to set up.
test and fault-ﬁnd the modules.
You need this Manual it you want to know:
> What the Condor is, and what it does (Section 1);
What speciﬁcations it meets (Section 2 and 16);
How the Condor works as a system (Section 3):
How to set up a Condor link (Section 4 and 17);
V V V
How each of the modules work (all other chaptert;
EX! C 0 M
rwrtnnArrunAt CondorTecmicalManualPanl-Ssclﬁcaﬂon:
Line Strapping Options 1) 2-wire Subscriber
2) 2-wire Exchange
3) 4-wira + E and M positive M-wire
4) 4—wire + E and M negative M-wire
delre Characteristle
30V positive or negative polarity
5/0 current nominal 3mA to equipment
frame
E-WIre Characteristic Polarity independent
Peak off state voltage 300V
Peek on state current 100mA
ON state resistance <5on
S stem Tlmln-z In olnt-to- -Int mode
M to E ere delay <75ms for make fast key mode
<1 15ms for make normal mode
ﬂ100£ Eviﬁhm Tapi—vxlﬂmee wring. I m 0.5 _' __ . iiiii 3“? ... ' . '—— ........
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EXéC’IM
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Condor Tschniul Manual Pan 1 - s 'l‘k:a|ions
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wk—
©1996 Exncom Technologles (1996! Lu! 2-4 Issue 3 - Ssmember x996
//2
E X l C CI M
1 a n r at A r v 0 ~ A L Condor Technical Manual Part I - System Operation
System Operation
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how the Condor works as a system. it includes a description of the
Condor and its features. It details the sequence of events for the Condor in several modes
of operation. It includes a fault-finding guide which can be used to isolate faulty modules.
3.1.1 Labelling
All modules in the Condor are labelled with a Type Number and a Serial Number. The
Type Number is of the form 61 27317-00001.
Where the flrst two digits (61) indicate the product family; the next tour (2737 in thls
example) indicates the module type; and the last ﬁve indicate the variant. Modules are
normally referred to using only the four digits of the module type. So the example module
would be referred to as a "2737“.
3.2 Features
The Condor Radio Link offers a number of improved performance features.
3.2.1 ModularConstructlon
The Condor is a full duplex modular radio link system. Hardware and software flexibility
allows the equipment to be adapted to different applications. The Terminal Housing type
2823 uses a motherboard to connect the following modules:
UHF Receiver type 2501 or VHF Receiver type 2503
Duplexer type 2824
Transmitter type 2802
Controller type 2737
Line interface type 2825 or Exchange 2586 or Subscriber 2587
Compander type 2819 is fitted to the Controller type 2737 when the Condor is conflgured
for payphone operation.
External power supplles allow operation from AC mains or 24-48V batteries. Modules are
interchangeable, allowing rapid service. The line interface is strapped for use as either an
exchange terminal or a subscriber terminal.
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EXICUM .
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3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
FtF Channel Planning
The equipment is designed for 25/30kHz channelling. The two transmitters in a link can be
spaced at 5MHz - fOMHz (UHF) or 4.6MHz-10MHz/4.0MHz-6MHZ (VHF band dependent).
The transmitter power output is adjustable from 10W at the duplexer output to less than
1W duplexer output. We recommend using the low powers for minimum current
consumption and maximum frequency reeuse.
Transmitters and receivers can be re-channelled by resetting hexadecimal switches.
Duplexers require re-tuning for change of receiver or transmitter frequencies greater than
200kHz.
To save power at the subscriber terminal, the receiver in the subscriber terminal cycles on
and off when the link is idle. The receiver stays on for about 150ms, then off for about
450ms. The receiver in the exchange terminal is continuously powered.
Link Supervision
A number of supervisory functions are provided as standard. Tone pips are used to
Indicate three conditions:
> low battery volts;
> high SWFt;
> low receive signal.
The meter on the front panel of the controller module provides monitoring of test points in
the transmitter, receiver and controller modules.
ldent Codes
As a telephone link, ident codes are used to ensure that link setup only occurs between
mating terminals There are 32 distinct ident codes wailable, to allow maximum frequency
re-use with minimum interference. Out of band FSK signalling ls used to transfer signalling
information between the two link ends. The FSK signalling is also used to carry all ringing,
dialling and calling functions of the normal system. FSK must be present for the link to
operate. it Is also used to provide remote testing at the radio link.
Interfacing
The line interface provides full 2-wire hybrid facilities for exchange or subscriber use. The
exchange terminal, in addition, can provide full 4-wire plus E and M. The interlace
incorporates a 50V line supply and ringing generator lor direct connection to a telephone
over long 2-wire lines.
The excr. inge terminal can be attached to a microwave tmnk circuit. it the line interface is
set up for 4-wire operation. This allows provision of spur telephone links from a microwave
bearer system. Positive or negative M-wire operation can be selected.
Both terminals may be operated in 4-wire mode to provide halt-duplex or full-duplex
linking. Under these conditions the out at band FSK tones are used directly for M-wire/E-
wire signalling.
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EXI C D M
inumriomt amidorTechnlcalMamiaIPam-S temO ration
3.2.6
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
Full secondary lightning protection is provided for the 2-wire line connection using a three
terminal gas discharge arrestcr. 500V isolation is provided within the housing and line
interface modules for the 2—wire path.
Serviceabllity
Modules can be pre-aligned, then used to replace faulty modules without further
adjustment in the field. Flemote testing facilities are incorporated to enable location of
equipment faults without disturbing the subscriber.
General System Description
Mechanical
The Radio Link System comprises a Terminal Housing equipped with a number of
individual plug-in modules which are fastened to the base of the housing. The electrical
components are mounted on printed wiring boards. which slide into guides within the
module extrusion. Module covers are detached by removing the front panel screws and
the two rear connector mounting screws.
Frequency Range
The RF units are normally supplied for operation in a speciﬁc bend. Frequency selection
within a band is achieved with hexadecimal switches.
Standard bands are (MHz):
68-78. 72-82. 79-88. 148 -1 62. 159-174, 403-423, 410- 430. 430-450. 450-470 . 470-490,
490-51 2.
Modulation
The equipment is frequency modulated and provides a base band of aoOHz to 3.4kHz. cm
of band signalling is accomplished with 4kHz frequency shift keying. The signalling system
operates at 150 bauds. The receiver bandwidth is 12kHz (25ki-lz band plan) or 7.5kHz
(12.5kHz bend plan), and the receiver is equipped with AFC to minimise frequency error
distortion.
Logic
All module inputs and outputs are "active low“ or of open collector form with pull-up
resistors on the destination board. This allows modules to be removed lrom a powered
system with minimum interaction.
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EXI C C! M
immune“; CondorTechnicaIM-nualPartl- ernO ration
3.3.5
3.3.5
3.3.7
3.4
3.4.1
Power Supply Polarity
The Condor requires a nominal 12 volt negative earth external power source with 4 amp
capability. For normal operation the power supply voltage must be between 10.8V and
15.5V.
Note: The Condor housing metalwork is directly connected to the negative supply terminal.
Supply voltage above 15.5V may cause conduction of the rack
protection zener diode. This diode provides the transient and reverse
polarity protection for the equipment by mptun'ng the supply fuse.
CAUTION
2-ere Line Protection
A gas discharge arrestor provides secondary lightning protection for the 2-wire line
connection.
Note: A substantial earth connection is necessary for maximum protection
Overload Protection
The transmitter module incorporates thennal protection circuitry to produce gradual
turndown in the event of overload. This results in gradual power reduction at high heatsink
temperatures until equilibrium is reached.
since the duplexer is a bandstop type ﬁlter. it is possible in cases of severe mistuning to
have considerable transmit powers present at the receiver port. Two levels of protection
are provided. Firstly, at the receiver from end a diode is used to reﬂect high energy input
signals. Secondly. a high signal detector has access via the motherboard to the transmitter
power reduce control line. it is thus possible to power the system without damage, even in
cases where the duplexer may be severely mistuned.
System Software
Software Control
The Controller 2737 has an embedded micro controller. This controls the operation of each
end of the link, and the communication between link ends via the signalling channel. The
link operation sequences described later are all done by the micro controllers.
Within the 2737 are a row of programming pins called the ident pins. These interface to
the microprocessor, and select the function performed by the terminal. In telephone mode,
they select the link ident code. In point-to-point mode, several options may be selected.
and are discussed later.
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EXI C G M
n. nun. out Condor Technical Manual Part I -S emO oration
3.4.2 Software Labelling
The microprocessor uses software stored in the interchangeable EPROM. The EPROM
window is covered with a label on which is primed a coded description at the software
version. The version number is included in the EPHOM program, so that the EPROM can
still be identified it the label is missing.
3.5 System Operating Modes
3.5.1 Telephone Mode
Controller pin pairs 1 to 5 Linked in any chosen combination
In telephone mode including Payphone, the Condor link provides a direct replacement of
the 2-wire telephone line in a public switched telephone network. Strappings on the 2825
Line Interface define whether the terminal is an exchange end or subscriber end. Standard
call supervisory functions conveyed by the signalling channel are reproduced at each
terminal so that the telephone apparatus and exchange equipment operate as if they were
directly connected. Link selection of the 5 ident pin pairs provides an ldent code which is
transmitted and to end to ensure only correctly mating terrninels are involved in the call.
3.5.2 Point to Point Mode
Pln pair 7 Linked
In point-to-point mode the Condor provides independent end to and control tor the
transmission at telemetry and date information between central and remotely situated
sites, or for the connection of two exchanges. Both terminals have line interiaces working
in 4-wire E and M mode. The out at band signalling tones are used directty tor M-wire/E-
wire control.
3.5.3 Align Mode
Pin pair 6 Linked
Align mode provides a means of evaluating the perionnance oi the link system and the RF
path between two terminals without requiring line looping or M-wireIE-wire control.
Transmitter and receiver are both activated and all audio mutes are released.
Note: There is no transmission of signalling tones in this mode so transmitter deviation is
reduced from normal operating values by a peak value at 650Hz with 25kHz
channel spacing, or 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel spacing.
©1996 Exicom Technologies i‘ggsl Ltd 3-5 issue 3 ~ Semameer veg:
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EXICOM .
mvnmriaui CondorTschnicaiManualPart‘l-S em station
3.5
3.6.1
Link Operatlon Sequences
Telephone Mode:
Subscriber Originating Call (Subscriber Makes A Call)
This is best described as a sequence of operations from initiation.
(a)
(b)
(C)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(9)
(h)
(l)
(l)
Subscriber lifts hand set and loops the line.
Loop is detected and the controller is awakened.
The subs transmitter is powered and ident codes are sent to the exchange terminal.
Exchange terminal sees a valid signal from its receiver and powers its controller which
checks for correct ident code.
When correct ident code is seen the exchange terminal turns on its transmitter and
sends its ident code to the subs terminal.
On receipt of correct ident the subs terminal stops sending ldent and sends status
data ie. sub ON. Audio mute Is cleared and the speech loop relay energised.
On receipt of status data the exchange end stops sending idents and starts sending
status. It also loops the exchange line, energises the speech loop relay and clears the
audio mute to allow transmission of dial tone from the exchange.
DTMF dialling will pass over the speech path allowing completion of call setup.
The subs terminal passes dial tone to the sub. At the ﬁrst loop break it sets audio
mute. it then proceeds to time the dial pulses to establish their validity and to count
them.
When an interdigitai pause is detected the dial pulse count is processed and sent by
the signalling as BCD data to the exchange terminal. The subscriber audio mute is
then released.
(k) The exchange terminal detects that a dialled digit has been received and converts the
(l)
(m)
digit back into dial pulses. Speech loop relay is cleared and audio paths muted whlle
dialling is in progress. The speech path is re-establlshed on each completion of
dialling.
Clearing of the call is initiated by the subscriber going on hook whereupon the subs
terminal sends sub OFF status to the exchange terminal and proceeds to time out and
power down.
Receipt of sub OFF status at the exchange terminal clears the Speech loop and line
loop and the exchange terminal also proceeds to power down.
EXICDM _
l~1£n~ario~AL CondorTechnicalManualF'ant-s emO eratron
Subscriber Terminating Call (Subscriber‘s Telephone Rings)
(8)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(6)
(f)
(a)
(h)
(i)
Incoming ringing is detected and powers the exchange terminal controller, which
proceeds to time the first ring cadence, while also trying to establish the radio link.
ldent signalling is used in the same way as described in steps (c) to (9) above, with the
subscriber and exchange roles reversed. When establishing the link irom the
exchange and there is a delay between powering the transmitter and activation of the
signalling, to allow capture of the cycling subs receiver.
it the ﬁrst n'ng cadence is between approx 2.5 seconds and 5 seconds then the link is
set up for a long ring test. The long ring test opens the audio path in both directions,
but does not loop the exchange line. Any alarrn tones present will be heard at both
ends of the link but the subscriber will not be alerted. The test continues for 20
seconds and the link then reverts to its rest state. it the subscriber makes a real call
during the test, the call will set up normally, but without a further ident sequence. The
test state will be cleared by the intrusion.
Once the link is established, the exchange terminal sends the ring Inionnation to the
subs terminal as part of its status data. The ring information is updated every 100
milliseconds, so it is necessary to ore-process the ringing cadences to minimise
distortion of ringing information.
At the subscriber terminal the ringer generator ls sent to line under control of the
reconstituted cadence information.
When the subscriber answers, the loop detect circuitry operates to disconnect the
ringer generator (loop detect is active during ringing) and line looped is sent to the
exchange terminal via the data channel. Speech loop relay is operated and the audio
mute released.
The exchange terminal now loops the exchange line, operates the speech loop relay
and releases the audio mute to complete the speech path. The cell is now established.
The subscriber terminal recognises switch hook flash as a loop break of between 88
and 500 milliseconds. This is regenerated at the exchange terminal as a 250
millisecond break allowing access to exchange feature functions.
If the subscriber loop is opened for longer than 500 milliseconds the link will clear
down, as in the Subscriber Originated Call above. The exchange terminal will be
commended off so that the audio path will be muted before the RF path is lost.
If the calling party terminates the call then the normal exchange tones will be sent to
the subscriber to tell him to hang up.
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mrumnaui ComorTechnlcalManualFarH-S lemO ration
3.6.2
Failure Modes
The controller program allows two seconds break in received carrier before clearing the
link and powean down. if the sub is off hook when the link clears down. he will receive
busy tone.
If the link fails to set up properly then the sub gets a busy tone if he initiated the call.
Data errors in the signalling path are protected by parity checking and sequential message
comparison. Up to 2 seconds of continuous data errors are allowed before clear down
occurs. A minimum signal/noise ratio of 20cm is required for the link system to operate.
This is the system threshold level internally set up in the receiver.
Polnt-to-Point Mode (Pin 7 Linked on Controller)
Basic Polnt-to-Point
This mode is commonly used for linking of talk-through radio repeater systems where it
offers the advantage of noise tall suppression.
The sequence of operations is as follows:
(a) M-wire (push to talk Ilne) is grounded
(b) M-wire is detected and the controller is awakened
(c) The transmitter is powered and the lower frequency signalling tone sent to the remote
terminal.
(d) At the remote terminal receipt of signal valid from the receiver wakes the controller.
(e) On detection of the low frequency signalling tone the remote terminal controller lifts
the audio mute and pulls the E wire output to ground (equipment frame).
(f) Operation in the reverse direction is identical to the above and independent of it. If
both controllers are already awake the M-wire to E-wire delay may be reduced slightly
from its normal 70 milliseconds.
(g) At the end of transmission M wire is released.
(h) The controller changes from low to high frequency signalling tone.
6) After 10 milliseconds the controller de-powers the transmitter and if the return path is
not active, goes back to sleep.
0") At the remote terminal the change over from low to high signalling tone activates the
audio mute to prevent receiver noise tail being passed into the external network.
E-wire is also released.
(k) The remote end controller now expects shutdown of received signal and the
corresponding noise tail from the receiver prior to clearance of the 'signal valid' input.
(I) Since the noise tail would contain frequency components in the signalling channel the
controller is programmed to ignore slgnalling tone information for 70 milliseconds after
the transition of tone frequencies from low to high.
(m) The receiver loses its received signal and after a shon delay cancels its signal valid
output.
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EXl C D M
m YIINAYiawAt Condor Technical Manual Pant -S stemO oration
3.6.3
(n) The controller returns to its sleep mode alter completion oi time-out and loss of signal
valid.
Trunking Mode (Pin pairs 7 and 2 Linked on Controller)
Trunking Mode provides a transmitter hold period of 500 milliseconds and in addition gives
a return audio path after activation from either end. The signalling channel provides a slow
(150 baud) data channel for the user in both directions
Operation in trunking mode is as follows:
(a) M-wire is grounded at the A terminal lor a minimum of 25 milliseconds.
(b) Local terminal controller is awakened.
to) Local transmitter is powered and low FSK tone sent.
(d) Remote terminal detects signal valid and wakes its controller which observes low FSK
tone.
(6) Remote terminal lifts its mutes, grounds E-wire, activates its transmitter and returns
high FSK tone (assuming its M-wire is not active).
(f) At the local terminal, receipt of signal valid, indicates that the remote terminal
transmitter is active. The receive mute is released to establish the full 4-wire audio
path (send and receive).
(9) Data may now be sent on the M-wire and received on the E-wire in either or both
directions. Release of M-wire must be for less than 500 milliseconds or the link will
close down.
(h) At the end oi transmission M-wire is released at the local terminal (for example) and
the FSK tone signals this to the remote terminal.
(I) After 500 milliseconds with no further MJwire activity both terminals close their mutes
and proceed to power clown. Noise tails are suppressed.
Failure Modes
Failure oi the radio path in point to point mode will cause a loss at signal valid lrom the
receiver which will in turn activate the audio mutes and clear E-wire. The noise tail will not
be suppressed in this event and some spurious pulses may occur on the E wire output.
Alignment Mode (Pin pair 6 Linked on Controller)
When the controller is powered in align mode, the tenninal.will activate both transmitter
and receiver and release all audio mutes. FSK tones are not generated in this mode and
transmitter or receiver modules may be unplugged to disable them during tests as
required.
Once initiated, operation is continuous until the pin pair 6 linking is removed or lhe terminal
is de-powered.
Note: For measurement purposes in align mode, transmitter deviation is reduced by up to
650Hz with 25kHz channel spacing, and up to 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel
spacing.
©1996 Exicom Technologies ”9951 Ltd 3-9 Issue 3 , Seblember -
996
//,Q
EXICOM _
“Humane“: CondorTechnioalManuai Patti-S temO oration
3.7 Monitoring
The digital selector switch and toggle selector switch on the iront panel of the controller
module allow various test points in the transmitter receiver and controller to be monitored.
The test points in the receiver and transmitter provide DC voltages in the range CV to 2.5V »
while the controller monitoring measures audio levels which are rectiﬁed for display on the
front panel meter.
Monitor selection is as follows:
Digital 5 rrce Select Switch
Switch
Forward Power
Controller
Tx Audio Level
Noise Volta- e
a team
commitmvm
_— Mame...
PcwerControl _ (+10V) Regulator
O/P
While the majority of monitoring readings are self evident and used mainly for tuning, there
are some measurements which require further comment:
> Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (asst):
This may be used in the ﬁeld to optimise alignment of antennas. it may also be used
ior dupiexer tuning. ’
Receiver
HSSI (Signal
th
> Power Control:
The power control line is common to the transmitter and receiver and can be
monitored at the controller meter. The voltage on this test position will vary with power
setting. it is pulled low if excessive signal levels are present at the receiver input (eg. if
duplexer is mis-tuned), causing overload detection within the receiver.
> Tx and ﬁx Audio Levels:
These points provide indication only when modulation is present on the appropriate
audio path.
ﬁép
E x I C U M
I u r , n u a 7 r u n g A Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - yum Operation
> VSWH:
The VSWFI display is derived from a dual directional coupler in the transmitter. High
VSWFt indlcates that reﬂected power is a significant fraction of forward power. Thus
for any condition of zero forward power a high VSWR will be indicated. This could
occur if tor example a mis-luned duplexer was used. The VSWH indication remains
substantially constant for powers of 0.5W to 12W.
> Module temperature:
Here monitor access is provided to the thermal protection circuit in the transmitter.
Switch temperature threshold ls 95°C.
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EXICDM A
m rsuuArro ~ A I Condor Tecnnlcal Manual Pant —S tern 0 oration
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
Fault Identification
Note: M-wire LED refers to D18 on me 2857 Subscriber Line Interface, D12 on the 2586
Exchange Line Interface and D23 on the 2825 Line Interface.
E-wire LED refers to 01 on the 2825 Line Interface. The 2586 Exchange Line'
Interface and the 2587 Subscriber Line Interface have no E‘wire LED indication.
LED Indicators in the Condor
The module front panel LEDs allow a degree of fault localisation to the module level.
The indications are as follows:
(1) Transmitter PWFi LED - Indicates power on the 12V rail of the equipment and the
module.
(2) Transmitter Tx LED - Indicates transmitter active.
(3) Rece'wer PWFI LED - Indicates receiver powered. This LED flashes at subs terminal in
idle condition and is continuous at exchange terminal.
(4) Receiver Fix LED - This indicates a valid signal is being received from the distant
transmitter.
(5) Controller uP LED - Indicates that processor is active.
(6) M-wire LED - Indicates that the line is looped at the subs terminal, or that ringing is
being received at the exchange terminal.
(7) E-wire LED - Indicates that ringing is being sent at the subs terminal, or that the line is
looped towards the exchange at the exchange terminal.
Idle State
In the idle state the transmitter PWH LED and receiver DWH LED will be operating - the
receiver PWR LED will be flashing at the subscriber ters zal.
Operation Sequences at the Subscriber Terminal
Subscriber Originating Call
(1) The M-wire LED illuminates, simultaneously with the controller LED.
(2) The receiver power LED illuminates continuously.
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) After a short delay the receiver Rx LED illuminates.
(5) The M—wire LED flashes for pulse dialling.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
If the remote terminal failed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver Fix LED would remain off) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
a?)
EXI C G M
in“ “non“ Condor Technical Menu-i Part1 - temo oration
3.8.4
It the remote tenninel makes a reply but its Ident code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver Rx LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
For a normal call, extinction of the M-wire LED, controller LED. Tx LED, Fix LED and return
to receiver cycling do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
Subscriber Terminating Call
(1) The receiver power LED and Rx LED illuminate continuously. simultaneously with the
controller LED.
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(a) The E-wire LED flashes with ringing to the subscnber‘
(4) When the subs comes olt hook, the M-wire LED illuminates, and the E-wire LED
extinguishes.
No funher change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction of the M-wire LED, controller LED. Tx LED, Fix LED and return to receiver
cycling do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
Operation Sequences at the Exchange Terminal
Subscriber Terminating Call
(1) The M-wire LED ﬂashes with ringing.
(2) Simuitaneousiy the controller LED illuminates (continuous),
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) After a short delay the receiver Fix LED illuminates.
(5) The M-wire LED continues to ilash with ringing. '
(5) The E-wire LED illuminates when the subscriber‘s line is looped.
(7) The M-wire LED is extinguished when the exchange recognises the line loop.
No funher change occurs until the call clears.
it the remote terminal tailed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver Fix LED would remain off) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
it the remote terminal makes a reply but its ident code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver th LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
It the subscriber does not answer. steps a and 7 do not occur.
Extinction of the E-wire LED. controller LEDv Tx LED and Rx LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
©1956 EXVCOm Technologies “995; Ltd 343 issue 3 - Semember 1995
//2
EXICOM
A ~ r“ u no n 4 L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 ~8 em 0 oration
subscriber Originatlng call
(1) The receiver Fix LED illuminates, simultaneously with the controller LED.
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(3) The E-wire LED illuminates as the exchange line is looped.
(4) The E-wire LED flashes with subscriber pulse dialling.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction of the E-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED and Rx LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
a;
EXICOM .
inn-rum“ I. CondorTechnicel Manual Pan 1 ~S ltlmO ration
3.9
Remote Testing
Remote testing utilises an unusual ring cadence to provide a test access to the radio link
circuit without alerting the subscriber or busying the exchange.
The Long Ring Test is initiated by sending a long burst of ringing (between 2.5 seconds
and 5 seconds) to the exchange terminal. The ringing is timed and if found to be of correct
length, the link sets up for the test (provided that the ident requirements have been met).
For the test the 4-wire and 2~wire audio paths are completed but the exchange is not DC
looped. Any tones generated by the radio link are returned to the accessing telephone test
desk. The test continues for 20 seconds to allow evaluation 01 the link. Should the
subscriber intrude by looping the line the test is immediately discontinued and dial tone will
be returned to the subscriber without a further idem sequence.
The Long Ring Test can also be used where the radio link is connected to an exchange
via a microwave trunk network by grounding M-wire for 4 seconds (sending ringing) and
observing the receive 4-wire path to listen for tones. This only applies when the 2825 Line
Interface is used.
Tone pips generated by the link are as tollows:
> Single pip every five seconds indicates low battery voltage (approx 11V). The link will
continue to operate for a further drop of 1-2 volts.
> Double pip every ﬁve seconds Indicates a transmitter SWR fault. The SWR required to
trip the alarm tones is adjustable within the transmitter module. The factory setting of
3.0:1 is recommended since the duplexer tends to reduce the antenna SWH seen at
the transmitter port.
> Triple pip every five seconds indicates that receiver signal to noise ratio is only 10dB
or less above the signal valid margin at which the link will trip out. The signal to noise
is typically SOdB at this pointh the higher receiver noise level will be audible.
The pitch of the tone pips determines their source since the subscriber terminal signals
with 500Hz tones and the exchange terminal uses 200on tones. Since the tones are
injected into the 4-wlre path they may be heard at both ends of the link. The telephone test
desk can thus ascertain the likely source and nature of the fault before despatching repair
services.
If the link falls to set up correctly (eg. ldent failure or subscriber terminal fault) then the
exchange tenninai returns a one second noise burst (from its receiver) to the test operator
before clearing down. Should the battery supply at the exchange terminal be too low
(<9.5V), the terminal will not function at all. Testing with an inertial test set will show the
presence of a WP ringer capacitor if the line connection to the exchange terminal is
complete. The alarm tone pips are sequential so that multiple alarms may be identiﬁed.
The subscriber terminal generates a local busy tone if the link fails ior any reason while
the subscriber line is looped, and this disables all pip tones. The subscriber transmitter
turns off when this occurs.
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EX I C D M
m r! n ~Arro m l Condor Technical Manual Pan 1 - S turn 0 aralion
5kHz Deviation
Peak Maximum
Input
Frequency
4K
g 1 2K 3K g
Modulating Frequency (Hz)
——>
Drwg. No. 50-4—0551-0
ﬁgure 8.1 Modulnn‘on Plan for Exioorn Condor Rad/o Link
ﬂ?
EXI CC! M
m YEHIATI a“. CondorTechnlcal Manual Pant - tam Setu
System Setup
4.1
4.2
4.3
Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Condor. It should be read in conjunction with the Condor Installation Guide. The
operations described here should normally periormed by qualified technicians in a repair
or service centre.
Identity Codes
In telephone mode, communication between the exchange and subscriber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake. Both terrnlnals must therefore be set to the
same ident code before any bench testing or ﬁeld Installation can begin.
Setting of ident codes 1s described In the Section 6.1 of this manual.
Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Condor link before ﬁeld installation. It assumes
that individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SH210/310 and Condor Test Units Manual).
Equipment is arranged as described In the Condor installation Guide, Appendix 2, with the
addition of a modulation meter and coaxial T—connectors to allow checking of transmitter
deviation. The modulation meter is connected at the low power (output) side of the 30dB
power attenuators. A digital voltmeter (AC. HMS) is used for setting line interface voltages.
This alignment gives the following system levels:
> Subscriber transmit 1kHz at OdBm -> 1.5kHz/3kHz deviation' 1 10% —-> exchange
receive -3dBm
> Exchange transmit 1kHz at -7dBm -> 1.5kHz/3kHz deviation1 1 10% —-> subscriber
receive -1 OdBm
‘ Dependant on 12.5!25ki-lz channel spacing. Heterte Section 2.1. Specifications.
©i996 EXICOm Technoloales HEBBV Ltd 41-1 Issue ‘ , Senlemher ”9°C
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E x I c D M
1 ~ 1 s 1 ~ a 7 I e n A l. Condor Technical Manual Pant - SEtem Setup
4.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (s -> E)
4.3.2
(1) Connect the modulation meter so that it measures deviation of the subscriber terminal
transmitter,
(2) Connect a 6009 level meter to the 2-wire line connections of the exchange terminal.
This is best done across the gas discharge arrestor on the motherboard,
(3) Connect a 6009 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with frequency set to 100on and level to OdBm. Connect a digital voltmeter
(2VAC) between TP1 and TP3 on the Line Interface PCB,
(4) Adjust FIV2 (Tx level) in the line intenace to give SOOmV AC on the DVM. This should
correspond to 1.5kHﬂ3kHz z 10% deviation' on the modulation meter,
(5) In the exchange terminal. connect the DVM between TP3 and TP4. Adjust FtV3 (gain
trim) in the line interface for a reading of 500mV AC on the DVMI
(6) Adjust RVt (le level) to give an output of -3dBm on the level meter,
(7) Reduce the input level to -20dBm and check the frequency response is within +1dB, -
MB of the 1kHz level.
Exchange to Subscriber Allgnment (E -> S)
(1) To align the exchange/subscriber circuit, connect the modulation meter to measure the
deviation of the exchange terminal transmitter,
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2-wire output of the subscriber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator to the 2-wire input of the exchange terminal with
frequency set to toOOHz and level to -7dBm. Connect the digital voltmeter between
TP1 and TPS on the exchange interface PCB,
(4) Adjust RV2 (Tx level) in the line interface to give SDDmV AC on the DVM. This should
correspond to 1.5kHz/3kHz t 10% deviation' on the modulation meter,
(5) in the subscriber terminal, connect the DVM between TP3 and TP4. Adjust nve (gain
trim) in the line interface for a reading of 500mV AC on the DVM.
(6) Adjust Ftvt (Rx level) to give an output of -10dBm on the level meter,
(7) Fleduce the input level to -27dBm and check for a frequency response, 300Hz to
3400Hz. of +1dB, -4dB relative to the level of 1kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
for party line). This DC current can produce errors in some audio test
equipment due to transformer core magnetisation.
(8) Connect a test telephone to the subscriber terminal and connect the exchange
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct call establishment in both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in “Link Operation
Sequences' Section 3.6 of this manual.
‘ Dependant on 1245/25kHz channel spacing Refer to Section 2.1, Specifications.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies (199m Ltd 4,2 Issue 1 - September 7995
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EXI C D M
rurznnArio'tAt CondorTechnlcalManuaiPart‘i—S temSetu
4.3.3 Polnt-to-Polnt Linking Mode
4.4
4.5
Link alignment tor point to point linking mode is similar in procedure to that outlined above
except that the input is the 4-wire Tx pair oi the ﬁrst terminal with receive output at the
4-wire Rx pair of the second terminal. The M~wire of the ﬁrst terminal must be grounded to
the equipment case to initiate transmission.
Betore beginning. check that the controller module is correctly strapped for point-to-point
linking mode operation (detailed in Section 6.1.2) and that the line interfaces are strapped
for 4-wire operation at both ends. Set audio generator to Tx line level and adjust RV2 tor
500mV AC between TPt and TPS, as for telephone mode (detailed above). In the line
interface of the second terminal. adjust FIV3 for 500mV TP3-TP4, and FiV1 to set output
level as required. Swap oscillator and level meter and adjust levels in the other direction.
Transmitter Power Adjustment
To adjust the transmitter power, ﬁrst remove the plastlc hole cover undemeath the
transmitter module. This gives access to power control adjustment FIV1 in the transmitter.
Test And Alignment Aids
Four separate Test Units are manufactured to simplify test and alignment of the Condor
modules. They are intended for use by regional module repair centres. Field repair is on a
terminal replacement basis. The units are:
> ControllerMultipIexer Test Unit Type 2504
> Tx/Rx Test Unit Type 2501
> Subscriber Interface Test Unit Type 2502
> Exchange Interface Test Unit Type 2503
The SFI210/310 and Condor Test Units manual details alignment and test sequences to
allow a rapid return to service for the modules.
In addition to Test Units an extender cable set is available (Type 2464). A set of cables
comprises one each oi 64-way, 50-way. 24-way and 14-way extension cables and
connectors.
©1996 Exicom Technologies “995i Lid 4-3 Issue l — September ‘99‘
ﬁ)
E X] C D M
lurtnnAYlvwal CondorTechnicnlMsnuulPanl-S lemSetu
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©1996 Exiaom Technologles ll996) Ltd 44 Issue 1 » Semember 1996
//Q
EXI C U M
lurslﬂarlaﬁtl CondorTedinioaiMenuplParH-Ccntroiler
Controller Type 2737
6.1 Linking Arrangements
On the Controller PCB there are two parallel rows of seven connector pins, comprising
PL2, the idem pine adjacent to pins 1 to 7 of the microprocessor. The outer row at pine is
connected to OV and insertion of bridging shunts between the two rows selects the type of
link operation performed. Pins are numbered from the top of the board downwards.
6.1.1 Telephone Use
Pin pairs 1 to 5 are linked as desired to select the link ident code. The same selection
must be made at both Subscriber and Exchange ends at each link. There are 32 distinct
codes available.
Note: Fin pairs 6 and 7 must be left unlinked.
Recommended standard Format For idem Code:
if the Controller printed circuit board is viewed from the component side with the front
panel to the left, the ldent Pins are immediately to the left of the microprocessor, The
required lcient code can be selected by strapping the pins according to the ioilowing table.
”31995 Encom Technoiooies 41996) Ltd 64 issue 2 - Seoternner we:
ﬁx”
E X I C U M
rurzlrt‘rrnhlAL CondorTemnieelMenuelPan1-Contreiler
For Example :
Pitt 00 m 00 m: 00 W 00
00 00 DE 00 00 m:
00 00 00 00 m
on oo 00 co so no no no
on no 00 oo 00 oo 00 00
oo 00 oo 00 00 00 oo 00
00 oo 00 00 00 co oo 00
IdernCode a 1 z a 4 s e 7
00 oo 00 00 00 co oo 00
PMS co mm 00 mm 00 mm 00 mm
on 00 m m 00 on mm mm
00 00 00 00 com rum Elm] m
mm mm E811 um mm mm
00 co co oo 00 oo 00 oo
00 no 00 oo 00 00 oo 00
ldent Code a 9 W n u is u 15
pm oo mm 00 00 co m
00 90 m 00 00 mm
90 00 00 00 m m m Em
oo 00 00 co co co oo 00
rm m um mm m: m: am
no 00 co 00 oo 00 oo 00
oo 00 00 00 co co oo 00
Ida-item 1! 11 ta re an at n 13
Plus 90 BM 00 m: 00 m 00
00 00 mm m be 00 m:
00 00 oo 00 m: BED “I
[mil] in] m: m m mm 1-1-1
m m m: m [BE
00 no on on 00 00 co
co on oo 01: 00 00 oo
ldent Cod- “ 25 u 27 as a so
Dnivg. No. “MESH
Alarm Tones
In the telephone configuration the Line lnteriace defines whether the terminal is an
Exchange or a Subscriber end. This also detennlnes the pitch o1 the alarm tone pips which
are generated. The alarm tones are injected into the 4-wire path. The Subscriber‘s end is
two octaves lower than the Exchange and tone. (Subscriber tone = SDon. Exchange tone
= zooonz) '
The following alarm tone sequences are used:
Low Supply Volts 1 Beep every 5 seconds
SWFi Error 2 Beeps every 5 seconds
Low SINAD 3 Beeps every 5 seconds
The above signals are sequential it more than one alarm is active.
Busy 1 Beep every 2 seconds
The Busy tone overrides the other alarm beeps. it is sent to the subscriber ii the link fails
to set up or ii the link fails in use.
©1996 EXlCDm Technologies (19961 Ltd 6-2 lssue 2 » September 1996
“47/5...
InrllhlAVlo’d‘l
condor Technical Manual Pan 1 - Controller
6.1.2 Polnt-to-Point Linking Mode
Pin pair 7 must be linked to select any polnt—to-point linking mode operation - see linking
arrangements above. In this mode, Pin Pairs 1 to 5 cease to provide an ident code. but are
used to select the point-to—point mode of operation. ‘
Basic Point to Point:
Pin pair 7 linked, pin pair 1 and 2 unlinked.
In this mode there is no hold period tor the transmitter. it closes down immediately after M-
wire is released. The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to avoid noise tail.
Operation of the forward and return signal paths is independent. Each signal path is
established by grounding its M-wire.
Point to Point Options:
Pin pair 7 linked and other pin pairs linked will select the operation iormat irom a number
of options as follows.
250m5 Tx Hold Period
Pin Pair 1 - this selects the basic point-to-point mode (remember that pin pair 7 is also
linked) but with a transmitter hold period of 250 milliseconds alter M-wire release.
Telemetry signalling may be sent on M wire in this mode. but the return path E-wire is not
activated unless the remote M-wire is grounded or is returning telemetry signals.
Trunking Mode
Pin Pair 2 - this selects a trunking mode which establishes a full 4-wire trunk (send and
receive audio paths) on grounding of either MJwire tor greater than 15 milliseconds.
Once activated, the link provides M-wire into E-wire out signalling at up to 150 baud in
both directions as an out of band data channel. Release of M-wlre (at both ends of the
link) for greater than 500 milliseconds will cause the transmitter to close down and return
the system to its idle condition. The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to
avoid noise tail.
Trunking mode allows the link to be used for interconnection of exchanges (as a both
ways trunk) whilst maintaining a low power drain in the idle situation. The mode is also
useful ior continuous telemetry up to 150 baud using the E and M wires whilst the audio
path is used for independent DTMF signalling telephone service. No modems or external
ﬁlter are required.
Disabled Alarm Tones
Pin Pair 4 - this disables the alarm pip tones where the link is used for data transmission
and internal tones could interfere with the service.
©1996 Exrcom Technolooies 41996! Ltd 5-3 Issue 2 , Serum-m was
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EXI C U M
akrtnnArrB'tAl calderTeehnicalMenualPem-contmlier
8.1.3 Align Mode
channel spacing, and by up to 325Hz when using 12.5kHz channel spacing‘ Most other
performance characteristles can however. be measured in title made including audio
responses. return loss etc. Transmitter or receiver modules may be unplugged to disable
them for RF testing whlle ln align mode.
Note: A descripﬁen of ihe operation sequences for the various modes is included in the
"System Operation" Sections of this manuel.
©1996 Extcem Technologies (1996) Lin 6-4 Issue 2 . September 1996
///?
EX] CD M
luvgnuaviouat CondorTechnlcalManualPanl-Controller
6.2.
6.2.1
Circuit Description
Audio and Signalling Section
Transmit Path
The transmit audio signal enters the Controller board on pins 25/56 and feeds a pre-
emphasis amplifier/clipper comprising one op/amp lrom ICi, transistors TFit and TFi2'and
the RC feedback network R4, C4. The outpUt on pin 1 feeds a second stage of
amplification using the other op. amp from IC1, and a high level clipper stage TR3. TR4,
Di and H9.
The output on pin 7 feeds the switched-capacitor ﬁlter tea which runs at a 333kHz clock
rate and hilors the response of the audio to cut off at 3.4kHz. Switching frequencies are
removed by a following RC network, and the band limited audio signal is then Input to one
of the transmission gate pairs ICS. Together ice and Ic4 comprise a modulator which
provides frequency band inversion
The modulator output is ﬁltered by ICS to remove unwanted sldebends. filtering of the FSK
tones is accomplished by dual LC circuits (L1. L2). The relative speech and signalling
deviations are set by the ratio of resistors H29 and Fl32. Both signals can be selected for
monitoring on the front panel meter.
Receive Path
The receive input on pin 44 Is not tie—emphasised and Is immediately split into two
separate paths: signalling and audio ﬁltering. The audio path is ﬁrst passed through the
impedance matching circuit of I07 which provides a small degree oi amplification prior to
the FSK notch ﬁlter, L3, and Its associated components. The notch removes much of the
received signalling tone energy from the audio path before active ﬁltering stage ice. The
receive audio than feeds into the second transmission gate pair |ce which together with
IC4 provides the demodulation function to restore the voice frequency band‘ Active filtering
is provided by switched capacitor filter IC9 whose 333kHz clock is gated to provide the
audio mute function. The recovered audio signal is mixed with alarm tones vie R56 and
then de-emphasis is carried out at IC10 before the ﬁnal signal Is output to the line
interface.
The signalling tone path is via a Q-muitiplier circuit consisting of the two op. amps in K)”
which form active band pass ﬁlters centred at FSK frequency. Test points are provided for
alignment (T P5 and TP6). Filtered FSK tones are fed to the third transmission gate pair in
ICS where a frequency translation to BOOHZ occurs. FSK centre frequency is 4.0kHz.
Receive FSK translation clock is 3.2kHz. The second op. amp of lC7 is the companion
stage for this modulator. the output at pin 7 being filtered by a two stage RC network to
remove switching noise and as much of the unwanted upper sidebend frequencies as
possible before feeding to the input of lC12. the FSK decoder.
IC12 is an XR2211 phase locked loop FSK decoder. its centre frequency is determined by
057. R79 and nva, the latter being adjustable for fine tuning. Detected data is output on
pin 7 and 6 of |c12 and feeds the microprocessor directly. TP7 allows test access to this
signal.
©1995 EXiCOm Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-5 issue 2 . September ‘QQE
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6.2.2
EXIC D M
munnioiu CondorTeehnicalManualParH-Controller
Clocks
All clocks are produced by the two programmable timer devices, ICZO and ICZ1, under the
control of the processor, and are derived from the BMHz crystal. ﬁve timer outputs are
oepacio'vely coupled to the individual stages to provide the required DC levels. The sixth '
output is spare. Gating of Clock 1 from lC20 through ICt7 by a signal from me processor
gives direct audio muting ol the receive path.
Monitoring
Monitoring lor the link is done using the selector switches on the oontrol module. The
thumbwheel digital switch sets up a three bit binary code which activates the three
analogue selector gates in the Tx, Rx and Control modules. These gates return the
selected analogue voltage to the control module where the required voltage is selected for
display. a points can be selected in each monitored module, although in the control
module only 6 are used. Also the analogue voltages from the Rx and Tx modules are Do
While the control module monitoring is for AC signal levels. Thus the output of the selector
gate. lC15, feeds anop. amp and detector circuit (ICE, C79, D6 and D7), which, in turn,
drives the high impedance metering circuit (T F" 1 , TR12 and meter M).
Power Supplies
TRG and TFl7 provide the regulated 10V and 5V (Analogue Ground) for the audio and
signalling section when the processor is fully awake, (ie. after receipt of a signal valid or M-
wire detect). These transistors are switched by the Audio Power signal from pin 14 of the
processor via TRB. TRe ensures that the correct bias is present on the base of TFW. The
front panel LED DS, is powered train the VAG supply via Rest
Analogue Ground (VAG)
Analogue Ground is required by the ﬁlter -'Cs and for biasing ot the operational ampliﬁers.
it is passed to the other modules via the backplene to minimise noise pick-up in the audio
paths.
Digital Section
General
In order to minimise power consumption within the overall system, CMOS devices have
been used throughout. This includes the processor itself which, in its CMOS version, has
the added feature that it can be switched under software oontrol to a low power idle state
where the current drain from the +5V supply is only 2.5mA. This feature is used during the
period when the lInk is not in use, (ie. between calls). The +5V supply is continuously
present and the processor periodically wakes up and checks its inputs for any change of
condition on the SIG VAL or LDIFtD lines. When an active condition is detected the
processor remains in the active mode and initiates the hand shaking sequence.
Power Supply
All the logic devices are powered from a continuous digital +5v supply referenced to a 5V
regulator. I013. The darlington power transistor, TFi9. is switched by one hall of IC14, a
dual voltage comparator, which turns TRQ oil it adequate supply voltage is not present.
The other half of lC14 senses low battery voltage for the generation of warning tones.
©1996
EXlCDm Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-5 Issue 2 - September 1°?“
‘j
Mm
invlnnarrnull C
under Technical Manual Part 1 - Controller
Logic
> Watchdog. Resetting oi the processor 1616 is accomplished by a combined
reset/watchdog circuit comprising two gates 011017 and associated components,
C104. TRIO. R131, R138, 0102 and C103. At switch on, the HO time constant of
R131 and 6103 keeps IC17 pin 10 low and therefore pin 8 high to provide' an
extended processor reset pulse. R138 and 0102 with the other gate, pin 11, constitute
an oscillator. When pin 11 (and pin 9) goes high for the ﬁrst time alter C103 has
charged to the gate threshold of pin 10, pin 8 goes low and the processor starts.
With the processor functioning normally the output 01 rots pin 13 is high with low
going pulses every millisecond. These pulses activate TFi10 to prevent 0102 from
recharging, thus maintaining the gate output in a high state. it for any reason the
pulses from the processor stop being generated, 0102 will charge up to gate
threshold, pin 11 will go low and the processor will be reset.
> Microprocessor. After reset the processor first Initialises the l/O device, 1622. and the
programmable timers lczo and lC21. It then reeds inputs from other modules in the
rack via ICZZ, the ident links and FSK input pIn 10.
Processor outputs are written to I02 via the bus. The processor also outputs an
Audio Mute control signal, an Audio Power control signal which also gates the master
clock to the timers. the Alarm pip tones. and the Transmit Data all of which are used
on board. FSK tones and all the clock frequencies are generated by the two timer lc‘s,
ICZO and IC21, under processor control.
> input/Output. All I/O lines are controlled by the programmable 82055 device. ICZZ,
which is organised into two B-bit ports and one split M bit port. The 12 Input lines to
port-A and upper port—C are buttered by ICES and IC24, which carry out a CMOS—TTL
conversion. The 12 output lines from port-B and lower port-C control was and mac,
Darlington transistor arrays, which drive all oil-board circuits.
Ail board inputs and outputs are 'actlve low" or open collector with pull—up resistors on
the destination board. This allows modules to be removed from the rackframe with
minimum interaction.
‘JDD: cm»... Tgrhnnrnmat womm r m
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EXI CC! M
r~75n~A710~At CondorTedmimlManuaIPant-Contreuer
6.3 Alignment
The 2737 module contains static sensitive devices. Do not attempt service or
alignment except at a static tree work station.
Any failure of 3 Controller module in the ﬁeld should be cleared by module
replacement and the faulty unit repaired and aligned at an appropriately
equipped service centre.
CAUTION Full alignment and testing of a Controller requires a Controller/Multiplexer Test
Unit type 2504 with associated measuring equipment. The procedures are
fully described in the Test Unit Manual.
©1996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-3 issue 2 - September i995
ﬂ}?
E X I C D M
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©1995 Exicom Technulogles ”996) L!!! 6-10 Issue 2 - September 1995
EXICU M
urn-Ana.“ CondorTeehnFcaleualPanhmmroller
ﬁgure 63 Ccmmller2737 - Block Diugmm Drg. no. 26-3-1220-0
©1596 Exucom Technologies (1595) Ltd E11 Issue 2 - Sememhnr «no:
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Condor Tschrical Manual Pan 1 - Controller
This page intentionally left blank
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“a”; ,. Cuntumhzr Mm:
E X l C D M
i n r s n n A r r a u A r Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UH‘F Transmitter_‘rype 2950 and 2957
UHF Transmitter Type 2950 & 2957
9.1 Introduction
The transmitter is synthesiser driven and direct lrequency modulated.
Minimal audio processing occurs in the transmitter module. It is intended that this
takes place in the Type 2737 Controller Module.
The UHF Transmitter module contains semi—conductor
components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage.
A Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and
transported inside electrically conductive static shielding
bags. Repair work on the modules should be performed at
“electrostatioally sale work stations" where the work bench
surlace: soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to
revent the build u at hamitui electrostatic char es.
CAUTION " p 9
The RF devices used in the transmitter module (for example.
the RF Power output module) may contain beryllium dioxide.
These devices must not be broken. ground. hammered or
tampered with in any way, and should be disposed ol In a
safe manner as specified in local environmental and salety
legislation. ll safe disposal is a problem, they should be
sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exioom
tor disposal. In this case. it is the senders’ responsibility to
CAUTION ensure that all precautions are taken to ensure sale delivery
to Exicom.
©1999 Exloom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-1 Issue A - January 1999
EXI CD M
urn-“rm.“ CondorTaehnieelManualF'an|~UHFTransmitterT1E2950andZ§57
9.2 jpecifications
Transmitter Type Synthesised with direct frequency modulation 4
Syntheslser Step Size 5 kHz or 5.25 kHz ‘
Frequency Bands (MHz) “T
Module No.: Tx 2957 335-356
Tx 2950 380403403428. 410—430, 430-450, 450-470
470490, 480—500, 490-512
ﬁtput impedance 50 0
RF Output Power 145 W < 470 MHz, 1-13 W > 470 MHz
RF Power Regulation
Over speciﬁed bandwidth 1 0.5 dB
With Supply Voltage 1 1 dB for 10.6 Vac to 15.5 Vac
'_ With Temperature i 1 dB tor-30 °C to +55 r‘C
Duty Cycle 100% from -30 ”C to +55 °C up to an altitude of
3000 rn
Frequency Stability 21.0 ppm from -30 ”C to +55 °C and with a supply
voltage of 10.6 VDC to 15.5 Vic
jgurioue Outgute < 025 ii” (-36 dBm) from 100 kHz to 4 GHz
Adlacem Channel Power <-25 dBm for 25 kHz Channel Spacing
<-18 dBm for 12.5kHz Channel Spacing
VSWR Protection Withstands VSWR oi 20:1 at any phase angle
Thermal Protection Integral. RF output power automatically reduced
when module heelsink temperature reaches 95
“C t 5 “C
Modulation Direct frequency modulation
Distortion <1.0% at 3 kHz deviation weighted
Deviation Adjustable 1.5 kHz to 5 kHz __~
Modulation Input imdanoe Hi "2" (36 $2) differential InM
Modulaﬂonmgut 775 mV"...
Audio Frequency Response 10.3 dB from 300 Hz to 8.2 kHz with DC respons;
own
Hum and Noise >39 dB unweighted wide band
>45 dB unweighted narrow band
Transmitter Switching 21 MHz for 335 to 356 MHz band
Bandwidth 23 MHz ior 380 to 403 MHz band
20 MHz for 403 to 512 MHz band
Note: frequency changes greater than 11.5 MHz
will require resetting of the VCO centre frequency.
Residual AM <0.5% 4,
Carrier Leakage —’<-65 dBm
01999 Exioom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-2 issueA - January 1999
K,
%?
E X I C: 0 M .
in r s it ~ . r l o it A t Condor Technical Manual Perl 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
} Environmental Operates within -30 “C to +55 “C. up to 95%
relative hummy, non-condenﬂg
OErationel Voltage Range 10.6 Vogfo 15.5 VDc
: Maximum DC Supply Current Standby, non-fast key configuration 15 mA
at 13-8 VDC Input Standby, Fast Key configuration 1 10 mA
‘ “Wm musummms MM Tx keyed, 1 Watt output lrom
Duplexer (approx. 1.3 W from Tx) 1.2 A
( Tx keyed. 10 Watts output from
’ Duplexer (approx. 13 W from Tx) 3.0 A
Maximum TX key "P “W Non-fast key conﬁguration 100 ms
mph" mea'mm’ms “M Fast Key configuration 3.0 ms
9.3 Circuit Description
The following section provides a detailed description of the operation of the circuit.
9.3.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Modulator
& The transmitter VCO is NOT field serviceable. Repairing and
testing of the VCO is best clone in the factory.
cAU110N v
The VCO contains the resonator, oscillator and frequency control varicap. In a factory-
enclosed assen'bly. The VCO is tuneeble via a trimmer that is accessible through the
top of the shield.
9.3.2 Frequency Synthesiser circuitry
when the transmitter is powered-up, the three parallel to serial converters, uaoa.
USDA and U305 receive inputs from the DIP switch SW301 and the Hexadecimal
frequency select switches. SW302. SW303 and SW304. The DlP switch sets the
frequency band of the transmitter, and the other three switches select the channel the
transmitter is tuned loo. Refer to Section 9.4 for further details.
These parallel inputs are fed or “clocked" serially to pin 12 of the microcontrolier U302.
The twenty-four clock pulses required by U303. U304 and U305 are generated by
U302.
The channel spacing is set to 5 kHz if R305 is M: otherwise, the default setting is
6.25 kHz. U302 uses this input and the data it receives an pin 12 to derive the
frequency data sent to the Phase Locked Loop lC U307. U307 compares the output
from the VCO on pin 8 with the TCXO signal on pin 1 to derive the VCO control signal,
which it outputs on pin 5. The signal is then filtered by the loop filter operational
amplifier U308. The output signal from the filter, VCOTUNE, controls the VCO and
can be monitored on TF301.
‘ Delay lrom “key up" signal input to 507. power present at the RF output connector
©1999 Exioam Technologies (1996) Limited 9—3 Issue A - January 1959
“H
EXI C D M
I u r ; rr u A vi a ~ A l Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter TE 2950 and 2957
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.3.6
9.3.7
9.3.8
U307 also sends status information from pin 7 to U302, which Indicates whether U307
has successfully “locked“ to the required frequency. When U307 has achieved
frequency lock, U302 takes pin 17 low. The output from pin 17 is the LOCK_DET
signal; this can be monitored on TP403.
Figure 9.2 shows the location of H305 on the module PCB.
Reference Oscillator
This comprises a 9.60 MHz TCXO. A trimmer on the TCXO can be adjusted so that
the TCXO provides exactly 9.500000 MHz.
VCO Supply
U401 is a switching regulator that inverts its supply voltage when used with C405 and
C407. Thls voltage Is applied to bias the VCO and the audio stage.
Audlo Line Input and Level Control
Balanced audio input of 775 mV,... (for nominal deviation) is applied to pins 8 and 20
(SK101) which is protected against Electromagnetic Interference (EM!) by the Inductor
capacitor filters (L106, L107 and 0125. C126, C120 and C129). This signal ls applied
to mom, which provides common mode rejection against external hum and noise at
the hue-wire Ilne input. This voltage may be monitored at TP102 and TP104.
The test point TP107 may be used for fault tracing, with an oscillowope. A 775 mvm.
sinawave at this point should cause 3 kHz of FM deviation.
Audio limiting and filtering is extemal to the transmitter.
RF Driver
0501 a dual gate PET and 0502 form a broad band RF amplifier with 30 dB gain and
400 mW output capability. Gate 2 of 0501 regulates the transmitter output power by
adjusting the stage gain.
The input to 0501 Is via 0501, L508 and L501. These components form an
Impedance matching network; similar matching Is used between 0501 and 0502.
Output matching to 50 n is performed by a modiﬁed pi network C523, C527, 0528
and L509. All of these networks are relatively low 0 giving idB bandwidths oi at least
40 MHz at UHF frequencies.
RF Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of a broad band hybrid power module. RF drive is fed to
the power amplifier via a coaxial cable. U601 is supplied with 10 V on pin 2 and 12 V
on pins 3 and 4. Thermal protection is given by U653 (refer to Section 9.3.11).
Dual Directional Coupler
Output of the power amplifier module is fed via a low pass elliptical filter to the dual
directional coupler. This provides sample voltages for forward and reflected power,
which are used to give an indication of the VSWFI of the transmitter load. The fomard
power voltage is also used in the power control loop to keep the transmitter output
power constant.
erase Exicom Tedtnologies (1995) Limited 9-4 " Issue A - January 1999
ﬁx
”3
ex I C D M
i 14 1 r r u A r I o u A t Condor Technical Manual Part I- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.3.9
9.3.10
9.3.11
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.3.14
High Pass Filtering
The RF output from the power amplifier module is also led to an absorptive high pass
elliptical filter. This keeps the harmonic energy to a minimum.
RF Power Output Control
Voltage from the lorvvard power port oi the dual directional coupler feeds the constant
output power loop. The loop consists of U702B and 0501 with RV701 enabling the
transmitter output power to be adjusted from 1 W to 15 W.
As the voltage at the forward power port at the dual directional coupler increases, the
voltage on Gate 2 of 0501 is reduced by the control loop and so the transmitter output
power is reduced (and vice verse). This keeps the output power constant for supply
voltage variations.
By grounding the base of 0702 through D710 at pin 5 ol the rear panel socket (thus
interrupting the constant power loop), the power output can be reduced externally,
e.g. from the receiver module when the receiver is overloaded.
Thermal Protection of the RF Power Amplifier Module
U653 is mounted on the flange of U501 and increases its output voltage at a rate of
10 mV/°C. When its output reaches 950mV (indicating a heetsink temperature of
95°C); it turns 0701 on. which reduces 0702 emitter voltage. This controls the
operation of the output power control loop reducing the power output of the transmitter
until thermal equilibrium is reached.
VSWR Alarm
The forward and reflected power voltages from the dual directional coupler are led to
a differential amplifier U702/A via two logarithmic elements contained in D703. The
output at U702/A is thus a function of VSWR end is ted to the monitor. 0704 switches
the VSWR ALARM and its threshold is setbby FtV702.
Audio and Synthesiser Power Supply
This to V suppiy is based on U152, which uses a 4 V reference, set up by H151 and
R152. This is compared to a feedback voltage and vanes the conduction of 0152 via
Q151 to maintain 10 V. U151 is an unswltohed 8 V regulator which supplies U1525
and the 4 V reference. U152A is switched on at Tx power up and may be permanently
powered up by the “last key“ shunt PL151. This provides for faster Tx activation as the
synthesiser is maintained powered on and in a locked state.
RF Power Supply
This 10 V supply has the same operation as the audio and synthesiser power suppty.
it is only switched on when the synthesiser is locked and the transmitter enabled,
being switched via R655 by a low on the RF_EN line. 0652 is able to supply the
higher current demands of pin 2 of U601 and the driver stage.
D603, a red LED on the module front panel. indicates when the RF power supply is
enabled. This only occurs when synthesiser lock is established and the Tx_key line is
pulled low. The LED may flicker at turn on as the power supply settles.
cross Exicom Technologies (1986) Limited "’ T 9-5 Issue A - January 1999
EX I C D M
m 1” n via 74 A t Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 end2957
9.3.15 Monitor Facilities
Eight monitor inputs are examined with the aid ol 3 1 of 8 analogue multiplexer U701.
Any one of these eight inputs may be selected to be connected to the controller via
reer plug pins 2, 3, 13 and 14.
The outputs can be read on the Type 2737 Controller module (see Section 6), or the
level meter on the Test Unit Type 2501.
The analogue monitor outputs, their binary ooded decimal number designation and
associated pins on U701 are shown below.
Decimal No. Function Pin No. on U701
0 Forward Power 13
1 VSWR 14
2 4 Lock Detect 15
3 Control Loop Voltage 12
4 0 V J. 1
5 4 Driver Output _J 5 A
6 Module Temp 2
7 +10 V Regulator Output 4
9.4 Transmitter Frequency Selection
9.4.1 General
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal swltohes (SW302.
SW303 and SW304) aocessed through holes in the transmitter shroud. Figure 9.1
shows the position of the switches.
DlP Switch SWSO‘l is used to select the operational RF band. Note that SW301 is pre-
set at time of manufacture and should not adjusted unless to resolve incorrect
selection. SW301 can only be accessed with the shroud removed.
Refer to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 for shroud removal details.
Note: The selected transmit frequencies are restricted to those with 5 kHz or 6.25
kHz synthesiser increments. ll R305 is ﬁns! to the module PCB, the
synthesiser step size will be 5 kHz, otherwlse the synthesiser step size is 5.25
kHz (default). Figure 9.2 shows the location of H305 on the module PCB.
©1990 Exleom Technologies (1995) Limited 9-6 Issue A - January 1999
E XI 13 0 M
”4 y; it ~ A r , a y A l CondarTecnnicai Manual Pan |~ UHF Transminqupe 2950 andzeﬁ‘l
DIP Switch swam RF band selectlan chart
RF Band Position Position Position Petition Position Position Position Position
(MHz) 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 B
L450-470 ON ON 1 ON I ON ON ‘ ON ON ON
335356’ ON ON ON ON OFF 1 OFF OFF ON—f
350-403 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ’ OFF
401423 ON ON ON ON L OFF ON OFF
41 0-430 ON ON ON ON 4! ON
430-450 ON ON ON 1 ON OFF
470-490 ON ON ON ON ON
480-500 ON ON ON ON OFF
[490-512 ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF
on. N17, 50mm
Figure 9.1: Frequency Sanction Switches
K0!
A SW301 (located inside module shroud)
B SW304 (Most Significant Bii)
C SW303
D SW302 (Least Significant Bil)
‘ Module type 2957, mnar RF bands reier in module type 2950 only.
©1999 Exieom Tsc'ﬁnmogié iisTmTirEnen "' w issue A - January 1999
“M
Ext COM
invEnHAVIOPI‘l. anecr‘l'eehnieel Manual Part 1- UHFTrenlmitierijeZQSDlndZGW
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Fweschsiﬂonofonwdulesymhesiwincrememsemhgreslﬂcer
Frequency Selection Procedure
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal switches (SW302,
SW303. and SW304).
Frequency selection can be determined using one of two methods:
> Determine the Hexadecimal snatch settings for any specified frequency
(Conversion of given Frequency to Hexadecimal number).
> Calculate the operating frequency from given Hexadecimal switch settings
(Conversion of given Hexadecimal number to required Frequency)
9.4.2 Determining Hexadecimal Switch Settings For A Given Frequency
The correct hexadecimal (base 16) switch setting to obtain a required frequency is
oelwieted as follows.
Required freq. (MHz) - start freq. (MHz)
Switch Setting = Hex \
Synthesiser Step Size (MHz)
Example:
Stan frequency - 450.000 MHz (450 to 470 MHz band transmitter)
Required frequency = 465.750 MHz
Synthesiser Step Size - 6.25 kHz
Step 1
Calculate Decimal Number (base 10)
465.750 - 450.0
0.00625
= 2520
This number represents the total number of 625 kHz steps above the start frequency
necessary to achieve the required transmit frequency.
ems Erdcorn Technologim (1990) Limited 9-8 issue A - January 1999
e“
E X I C D M
. n r s . ~ A 7 i 0 ~ . L Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter—Type 2950 and 2957
Step 2
Convert 2520 to a hexadecimal number to suit the frequency selection switches:
2520 + 256 = 934375.
9 is a whole number so this is the correct setting for SW304 (MSB)
Step 3
Multiply the remainder (0.34375) by 256 = 21 s.
216 +16 -13.5.
13 is a whole number. use the table below to convert 13 to the correct Hexadecimal
settin .
HexoigitH 2 3i4 5 s 7 a s A a c D EiFl
Number 0 1 2 3 (4 5 s 7 a 91o+11t¥121314|15i
D is the correct setting for SWSOS.
Shp4
Multiply the remainder (0.50) by 16 - 8.
8 is a whole number so this is the correct setting for SW302 (LSB)
Note: If the final figure is not a whole digit you have made an error in your
calculations, or you have attempted to set a frequency which is not in the 5.0 or 6.25
kHz channel spacing band plan, and therefore not allowable.
Conversion complete 2520 - 9D8 Hexadecimal (base 16)
This setting of the Hexadecimal Switches will produce the required frequency of
465.750 MHz for a transmitter in the 450 - 470MHz band with 625 kHz channel
spacing
9.4.3 Calculate the operating frequency for given Hexadecimal switch settings
To convert the hexadecimal (base 16) switch settings to a decimal number (base 10).
convert each setting to a number between 0 and 15 usinrthe chart below:
HaxDigitO 1 {Fla 5 air BlQA'BCDE'F
Number 0 1 2 3 (4 5 s (7 a|9j1o|11121a14|15
Using the gme examglg as in Sm‘gn 9.4.2 above:
Switch setting we can be convened as follows:
From the table above, 9 - 9, D = 13 and 8 - 8
Step 1
Multiply the most significant number by 258:
9 x 256 = 2304.
©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limiter) $9 Issue A , January 1989
e“
EXI C U M
Ill n if u A n a u A r Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
Step 2
Multiply the middle number by 16:
13 x 18 s 208.
Step 3
Add the least signiﬁcant number to the two numbers above:
8 + 208 + 2304 = 2520
QDB Hexadecimal - 2520 in decimal.
Step 4
9.4.4
Convert 2520 into the actual operating frequency using the following formula:
F . switch setting (5mm) x lreguengy Increment size 1 egg frmuency
As mentioned earlier, frequency increment size is either 5.0 kHz or 6.25 kHz (default).
The start frequency can be read from the module handle label.
Assuming an Increment size of 0.25 kHz, 2520 can be convened thus:
(2520 x 6.25 kHz) + 450 MHz - 15.750 MHz + 450 MHz - 465.750 MHz.
VGO Centre Frequency Adjustment
When changing the transmit frequency by more than 11.5 MHz it will be necessary to
reset the VOO centre frequency. The adjustment, 0202, can only be accessed with
the transmit module's shroud removed.
Refer to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 for shroud removal details.
Connect an RF power meter and a 50 Ohm load to the module’s FtF output.
Use a cable extender (available from Exicom) to connect the module's rear connector
(SK101) to the Condor link.
Using a multimeter, set to Dc volts, monitor between ground and the “Loop Volts“ test
point TP301 (located adjacent to the forward power adjustment nv701).
With the frequency selection switches set to the desired frequency, key the
transmitter. Adjusl the variable capacitor C202 (accessible through the VCO cover)
until the transmitter produces (onward power. Adjust 0202 so that:
> 5 volts is measured on TP301 or
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a maximum value (tuned lrequency is at
the lower end of the transmitter module‘s frequency capability) m
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a minimum value (tuned frequency is at
the upper end of the transmitter module’s frequency capability).
©1889 Exicom Technologies (1596) Limited 9-10 7 Issue A - January 1999
EXI CO M
lNYEIIAYIuIIAL CondorTechnial ManualPartl- UHFTransmltterTyggZﬂSOandM?
9.4.5 Mechanical Access To The Transmitter Module
1 Turn oft the power supply to the terminal, remove the terminal from the wall, and
separate the terminal lrcm all cabling, including the antenna cable.
Lay the terminal on a ﬂat surface, with the base plate uppermost.
2 Remove the three screws complete with washers at the bottom oi the terminal
(see Figure 9.3) and store them in a safe place.
3 Remove the three screws located at the top of the chassis and store them in a
safe place.
4 Tum the terminal over so that the cover ls now uppermost and lift the cover all
the terminal.
Summmmmm “inﬂow-2
Flume 9.8: Wall Mount Cover Removal
5 Perlorrn any electrical adjustments as required. See Sections 9.4.2 and 9.4.3.
6 Replace the cover over the chassis then lay the terminal on a ﬂat surface with the
chassis uppermost
7 Replace and tighten each of the screws complete wlth washers removed In step
(2)
8 Replace and tighten each of the three screws removed in step (3).
9 Connect the terminal to the cabling. and lit the terminal into position on the wall.
10 Apply power to the terminal.
©1999 Exloom Technologis (1996) Limited 9-H Issue A - January WW
E X I C D M
In r r a n A n a n A r. Condor Technlcal Manual Part |- UHF Transmitter TXE 2950 and 2957
9.5 Transmitter Output Power Adjustment
9.5.1 General
The transmitter output power is adjusted using a multi-turn potentiometer in the
transmitter module. Rotating the potentiometer in a clockwise direction increases the
power and rotating in an anticlockwise direction decreases the power. The
potentiometer is adjusted through a hole on the right hand side of the module shroud
(see Figure 9.4).
on. rat M114
Figure 9.4: Transmitter Module PowurAdustmenI
To adjust the output power at a transmitter module in a wall mount terminal, proceed
as follows:
Transmitter output power can be adjusted without removing the cover. Leave all
cabling connected and lift terminal on the wall.
2. Activate the terminal.
3. Identity the hole on the underside ol the terminal through which the potentiometer
can be adjusted ,
4. Using a suitable screwdriver. adjust the potentiometer as required. Check the
transmitter output power using an in-line RF Wattmeter in the antenna feeder.
5. After recalibratlng the transmitter, replace the terminal on the wall. Ensure that
all cables are connected and secure.
6. Perform a final check on the terminal to ensure correct Operation.
01999 Exlcom Twhnologies (1996) Limited
(9
12 ’Eu"ei - January 1999
E X I C D M
r . r r n u A r r 0 ~ . L Condor Tectmical Manual Part 1~ UHF Transmitterlxpe 2950 and 2957
9.6 Transmitter Alignment Procedure
9.6.1 Test Equipment Required
VVVV
Exloom Test Unit Type 2501.
Communications Test Set with 600 n Adapter,
Modulation meter.
1 GHz Frequency counter,
RF Power Meter. e.g. Bird 43 Thruline or equivalent, with 256 and 250 elements,
HF in-Iine Attenuator. 50 Ohm, 15 Watt minimum, 30 dB e.g. Bird Tenuline or
equivalent.
RF in-line Attenuator, 50 Ohm, 15 Watt minimum, 3 dB e.g. Bird Tenuline or
equivalent,
20 MHz (or greater) oscilloscope,
13.8 V 5 A DC Power supply,
Digital Volt Meter (DVM).
9.6.2 Preparation
For the full alignment prowdure to be periormed the transmitter module must be
removed trom the terminal and the PCB must then be removed from the module
shroud.
‘l.
2.
Refer to steps (1) to (4) 01 Section 9.4.5 tor wall mount cover removal details.
Identify and remove the three small screws and the three Hex bolts (and
associated washers) on the underside ol the chassis that hold the transmitter
module in position. Put the screws, bolts and washers in a sale place for reﬁtting
the PCB.
Remove the duplexer lead from the transmitter front panel. Pull the transmitter
module away from the motherboard PCB. taking care to ensure the module PCB
connector comes out cleanly from the socket on the motherboard PCB.
In the transmitter module faceplate undo each of the eight screws along the
faceplate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a sale place for refitting the PCB.
Note: The lace plate screws have No.2 Japan industry Standard (JIS) heads.
Damage to screw heads may result if the incorrect screw tips are used. The
closest alternative is a N02 Phillips.
01999 Exloom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-13 Issue A - January 1999
EXICU M
“1761111770 v“ Gamay Tochnical Manual Part I- UHF Transmitter TMSD and 2957
Figure 9.5: Module Face and Rear Plane Screws
5. In the module rear plate, undo the two screws on either side a! the connector that
protrudes through the plate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a safe place lor
refilling the PCB.
6. Extract the transmitter PCB from the module by pulling gently on the front plate.
ﬁlm
(gene em
® w
W‘ “LEI PM
P“ .
' an» man
"a w "5 cm
nu; No. 50409111 J
Figure 9.5: UHF Trauma! Type 2550 & 2957 Alignment Points
01999 Exlcom Technologies (1995) Limited " 9-H IssueA » January 1999
a,
wrnnuro
~ A l Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.6.3 Alignment and Functional checks
Note: Do not use an extender cable except for tault linding as it produces signilicant
1.
10.
©1999 Exiccrn
voltage drop at high output power settings.
On the PCB, turn FiV701 (RF Power) lully anti-clockwise to give minimum power
setting, and turn RV101 (frequency deviation control) tulIy anti-clockwise to give
zero deviation.
Check the selling of DIP switch SW301 tor the required lrequency band and
channel spacing, check it R305 is fitted (refer to Figure 92) and set the frequency
switches SW302, SW303 and swam to the middle of the band. Reler to Section
9.4 for details.
Connect the power supply and the digital voltmeter to the Test Unit, and then use
a short ribbon cable to connect the Test Unit to the rear plug on the transmitter
PCB. Finally, use a short length at co—axial cable to connect the RF output plug on
the transmitter PCB to the RF power meter, terminated with a 30 dB attenuator.
Rater to Figure 9.7 for connection details.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Unit to “Supply Voltage". Apply power to
the Test Unit, and adjust the power supply to give 13.8 V as measured by the
digital voltmeter.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Un'n to “Monitor Output“, and the Tx.Rx
switch to “T x,Rx".
Check that the transmitter VCO is locked by obsenling the “Active" LED on the
transmitter lront panel, It this is unlit, set the monitor output select switch on the
Test Unit to “2“ (Lock Detect). and adjust 0202 until the analogue meter on the
Test Unit reads less than 2.0 (Synthesiser locked) at which point the LED should
come on.
Check that the transmitter locks reliably by toggling the Tx,Rx switch on the Test
Unit to Tx,Rx several times.
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “3" (Loop Volts). If
necessary, adjust the VCO trimmer capacitance slightly to move the meter reading
as close as possible to the centre of the meter range, This corresponds to a
reading of 5 V on the digital voltmeter (as measured on TP301)
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to "7" (+10 V Regulator
Output) and check that the analogue meter on the Test Unit reads more than 7.6
(RF power supply on). This corresponds to a reading of 2.4 V on the digital
voltmeter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the high band edge trequency. and set the
monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “O" (Fomard Power). Adjust L501
and 0511 on the PCB tor a maximum reading on the Test Unit analogue meter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the mid-band lrequency, set the monitor output
select switch on the Test Unit to "5" (Driver Output), and adjust RV701 for
approximately 5 W on the power meter. Then adjust 0620 lor a dip in the reading
on the Test Unit analogue meter.
Technologies (1996) Limited " 7 945 Issue A - January |999
EX I G D M
1 n r“ in no u l Condor Technical Manual Part i- UHF TrantmmerTyE 2950 and 2957
11. On the Transmitter PCB. adjust RV701 for required RF output power measured on
the power meter.
Note: Allow for approximately 1 dB loss in the Duplexer after the transmitter is
titted back into the terminal.
now. No, 504mm
ﬁgure 9.7: Alignment and Fundional Cheats Set-up
9.6.4 Modulation Deviation Setting
1. Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.8.
2. Set the radio test set to input a 500 rnvm. 1 kHz tone to the Tx Audio input on the
Test Unit. and then use the test set to monitor both deviation and distortion at the
transmitter HF output.
3. For transmitters using 12.5 kHz channel spacing tum RV101 fully anti—clockwise.
then adjust RV101 clockwise on the PCB for a frequency deviation of t 1.5 kHz.
4. For transmitters using 25 kHz channel spacing. turn RV101 fully anti-clockwise,
and increase the audio signal input level to 775 mm... Then adjust RV101
clockwise on the PCB tor a frequency deviation of 1 3 kHz.
01999 Exieom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-16 issue A - January 1999
EXI CD M
IN'ElllArinlAl CondorTechnieeJMnnualFiﬂ1-UHFTrensmitterTE29503rtd2957
a “ﬂea—-
Tron-mimr
on No. mom-1
Home 9.5: Modulation Deviation Sclﬂp
9.6.5 Oscillator Frequency
1. Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
Connect the frequency counter to the output of the attenuator. Allow the
equipment to be fully warmed up, then turn the modulation down to 0 me.
2. Monitor the transmitter irequency with the frequency counter, and check that it
corresponds to that set on the frequency switches to within 110!) Hz. if this is not
the case, adjust the TCXO on the transmitter PCB until the output irequency iuitils
this condition.
9.6.6 VSWH Alarm
1. Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
2. Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “1" (VSWH). and adjust
RV7Di on the transmitter PCB until the power meter reads 5 W,
3. Connect the DVM across TF'703 and TP704 on the transmitter PCB, and connect
0.5 Metres of un-terminated coaxial cable to the RF connector on the transmitter
PCB front panel.
01999 Encorn Tachnotogrle (1998) Limited 9-17 lune A - January 1999
E X I C D M
r n r r rr n 4 1 r o u A L Condor Technical Manual Part I- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
4. Adiust RV703 on the transmitter PCB tor a reading of 0 t 10 mV on the Test Unit
analogue meter (this sets the zero balance for the VSWR bridge).
Connect a 3 dB 50 Q attenuator to the transmitter HF output.
Connect the un-terminated coaxial cable to the output of the attenuator (this gives
a 3:1 mismatch).
Adjust RV702 on the transmitter PCB so that the VSWR alarm LED on the Test
Unit just lights.
9.6.7 Completion of Transmitter Alignment
1.
Insert the PCB through the front of the module shroud, taking care to line up the
connector with the hole in the rear plate.
Using the two screws kept from the removal 0! the PCB, insert a screw into each
hole in the PCB connector, do not fulty tighten at this time (see Figure 9.5)
Using the eight screws kept from the removal 0! the PCB, insert a screw into each
hole in the module faceplate; (See Figure 9.5). Ensure all screws are securely
fastened in the module from and rear plates.
Align the module into position on the well mount chassis, taklng care that the
holes in the module shroud line up with the holes In the chassis, and that the PCB
connector on the module fits cleanly Into the socket on the motherboard.
Using the three screws kept trom the removal of the module, insert a screw Into
each hole in the module. Insert the three Hex bolts and washers kept from the
removal of the module. Tighten all screws and bolts to secure the module.
Fleier to steps (6) to (10) or the wall mount procedure in Sectlon 9.4.5 Mechanical
Access tor cover replacement details.
01999 Encom Tochnologrs (1996) Limited 9-16 Issue A - January 1999
Condor Tsehnlml Manual Fan 1- UHF Tummmav Tm 2950 and 2957
Fume 9.9: UHF Transmitter Blow [imam
ImaA-Jnnuary1999
8-19
91999 Exicom Technologies (1986) Limited
é?
E X I C CI M
IHYFIIIAYlBNAL ComarTacmwManualPaftl-UHFTmnummuT 28505nd2957
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JEN 35:34:12 m Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - VHF and UHF Duglexers Type 2524
VHF and UHF Duglexers Type 2824
1 0.1 Introduction
10.2
The Duplexer contains two sections, a high pass notch and a low pass notch.
Connection to the Duplexer of the receiver and transmitter is dependant on their relative
operating frequencies The unit operating at the highest frequency is connected to the
high pass pon labelled "H'.
The lower frequency unit Is connected to the low pass port labelled “L'. Antenna
connection is made to the extended 'N' connector at the rear of the Duplexer.
The following method of tuning the Duplexer involves the use of the receiver in conjunction
with the control module as a signal level monitor. The control module is set to align mode
and the monitor is switched to Rx position 0 (signal level).
Alternatively the duplexer may be tuned with a Condor receiver on the appropriate
frequencies, with these units operating from the Exicom Transmitter/Receiver Test Unit
type 2501.
The Condor receiver is synthesised and UHF equipment can be quickly switched between
transmit and receive frequencies for this alignment. VHF receivers may not cover both
channel frequencies without re-tuning thelr VCO so use of both receivers may be required.
Speciﬁcations
The duplex filter type 2824 specification characterises this unit for all bands.
,__
Type Bandstop - bandstop, 4 cavity resonator
Terminations
Antenna Type N female
RF Modules Highpess (HP) and lcwpass (LP)
connections, ENC male on flying leads
Binds Covered (MHz) 65>75, 72-82. 78-85, 148-162, 159-174,
403-423. 410-430. 430-450, 450-470,
470-500, 490-512
Max Input Power 50 Watts
r—
Temperature Range (30°C to +60°C _l
Humidity Range 0 - 95% non condensing.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1995) Ltd 104 Issue 3 ~ September 1996
EXI CO M
1~1El~171ﬂ~1 L CormrTemnimlManuui Punt -VHF and UHF D_ugieners Type 2624
1.5dB Max HP pen to antenna or LP porno
antenna (dependent on Tx - Rx separation)
Tx Noise Suppression at Fix Frequency GOdB minimum
Insertion Loss
Rx isolation at Tx Frequency 60118 minimum.
Antenna Port Return Loss 10dB minimum (dependent on Tx - Rx
separation)
HP. LP Port Return Lose 10dB minimum (dependent on Tx - th
separation)
TX - Rx Separation
68 - “MHz sub-band; 4.0 to 6.0MHz
143 - 174ml; "band, 4.5 to 10.0MHz
5.0 to 10MHz
403 - 512MHz sub-bands
01996 Exicom Tedmoiogles (i995) Ltd 10-2 Inu- 3 - September 1995
EXI CD M
in rennArrn u t Condor Technical Manual Pant -VHF and UHF Dugiexars Type 2824
10.3 Alignment Procedures
10.3.1 instruments Required
> Condor with transmitter and receiver set to required frequencies.
> Signal generator (eg. HPBGAOB).
> Power meter (eg. Bird 43 and 509/20 watt load).
10.3.2 Tuning Instructions
Tuning slugs are numbered from left to right. The left hand slug is adjacent to the
Transmitter module.
1. With control module in align mode (see 2737 Controller Module) and monitor set to Fix
position 0, (or use the transmitter and receiver Test Unit Type 2501 which provides the
monitor function). This allows measurement of receive signal level.
Set up the equipment as loliows:
2 Use the receiver which is tuned to the 'Iow' link frequency
Connect it to the antenna port.
Connect the signal generator to the 'H' port and set its frequency to the receive
frequency.
Connect a 50!) load to the 'L" port.
3. Adjust generator level to read 7 on the monitor, loosen the slug locking nut and turn
slug 1 for a dip in the meter reading. increase the generator level to read 7 on the
monitor as necessary. Tighten the lock nut when this adjustment is complete.
4. To adjust slug 2 repeat step 3 above.
5. Remove the original receiver and then select the receiver which is tuned to the 'High'
link frequency.
Connect it to the antenna port.
6. Connect the signal generator to the I'L" port and set its frequency to the 'High"
receiver frequency.
Connect a 500 load to the "H' port.
7. Adjust generator level to read 7 on the monitor, loosen the locking nut and turn slug 3
for a dip in the meter reading. increase the generator level to read 7 on the monitor as
necessary. Again tighten the locking nut on completion
8. To adjust slug 4 repeat step 7 above.
Set up the system for normal operation (is. with T): and Fix connected to their respective
'H' or 'L‘ ports) and a 509 power meter with load connected to the "N' (antenna) port of
the duplexer,
01996 Exioom Technologies (1996) Lid 103 issue 3 - September l996
_..____—__——___—___________
EX I C D M
. u u 1 ~ A 1: 0 ~ 4 t Condor Technical Manual Part I - VHF and UHF Quanta 2824
With the control modme monltor set to Tx position 1 key the transmitter and check that the
monitor just reads zero. and that the power output on the meter is not less than 70% ot the
power directly out at the Tx module.
The duplexer is now tuned.
Note: It only one Condor terminal is available, note the synthesiser switch settings for
transmitter and receiver and use the available receiver on both high and low
frequencies for Duplexer adjustment. It is necessary to intermpt the receiver power
supply in order to load new synthesiser switch settings. Return receiver to its
original switch settings on completion of alignment.
01925 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 10-4 lune a - September 1996
of?
Ex] C O M
i. r s n n A r r u ,, a L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 ~ Mains Power Supply
12
Mains Power Supply Type 2828
12.1
12.2
12.2.1
1 2.2.2
12.2.3
Introduction
This module is a switchmode power supply operating in ﬂyback mode. This section
provides a detailed circuit description. test procedure and some suggestions for fault
ﬁnding.
Circuit Description
Input Circuit
AC input is filtered by ct—CG and L1 and taken to the bridge rectiﬁer D2 to 05. This
rectiﬁer may be configured as a bridge for 230V AC operation or as a voltage doubler for
110V AC operation, depending on the position of the voltage selector plug. The rectiﬁed
DC (about 300V) is then taken to the transionner T1 and switching MOSFET Q1.
01 is a MOSFET switch operating at about laokHz and controlled using pulse width
modulation (PWM). It is protected by a catcher winding connected by diodes D10 and D11.
This limits peak voltages on 01 to approximately 750V at full load.
C14 and 017 provide additional protection with fast transients.
Output Circuit
The output of T1 is rectiﬁed by D104 and filtered by c11o-c114 and L110—L113. Fl112
provides a small minimum load to ensure correct operation at zero load.
Start-up Circuit
When input power is connected to the unit. relay RLY1 is not energised. The input AC Is
rectilled by 01 and taken through R3 and R4 to the series regulator 02 which limits the Dc
voltage to the control circuitry to approximately 15V.
The output of 02 powers the control circuitry (via the series switch 04) and the low/high
voltage input comparator ICt .
ICl is an open collector comparator. Three outputs are connected in parallel, so that if the
input is too high or too low, or the temperature is too high, the common output Is pulled low
by one of the comparators.
Start up occurs when the voltage at lCl/C pin 11 reaches the 5.6V reierence (D30). When
this occurs lc1/C output switches high. ICi/D and IC1/B outputs are already off. R42 and
021 provide a delay of about one second before the inverting output oi lC1/A goes high.
iCt/A output then pulls low. This turns the series switch 04 on and provides power to the
main control circuit.
|C1IB monitors the input voltage through R12 and R20/21. ll this voltage is too high (above
275 V on 230V AC supply). lCi/B turns on and shuts down the supply.
01996 Extcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 12-1 inn. 1 - September 1996
x5)?
EXICUM ‘
llrfl’l‘Y/ONAL CondorTechnlcal Manual Part1~Maim Powersm
12.2.4
12.2.5
12.2.6
12.2.7
Similarly, IC1/D monitors the temperature sensor thermistor R23 (near to the pillar holding
MOSFET 01). If the temperature rises above about 100°C. iC1/D turns on and shuts down
the unit.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Control Circuit
ICZ/C is a comparator connected as a sawtooth generator operating at about 180kHz. it
produces an asymmetrical sawtooth wave, with peak voltage at about 11V and the trough
at about 1 to 2V.
The sawtooth waveform is taken to the inverting inputs of the pair of parallel-comparators
lCzlA and lCZ/B. The other inputs of lCE/A and lC2/B are taken to a feedback voltage. At
full load the feedback voltage is about 5V, and the output duty cycle from the comparators
is about 50%. At low loads, the output feedback voltage decreases and thus the
comparator duty cycle reduces.
05 and 06 provide buffering for the output from the comparators to the MOSFET 01.
Current Limiting
The current through MOSFET 01 is monitored by the source resistor R17. This voltage is
taken to the inverting input of iCZ/D. The non—inverting Input of [0210 Is divided down from
02 output. plus a small proportion of the MOSFET gate drive signal (through H64).
When the peak current through 02 reaches the pie-set current limit point, lCZID output
pulls low and turns off iCZIA and lea/a, tumlng off the MOSFET.
This is a peak primary current limit , which gives MOSFET protection and an approximate
input power limiting effect. Total power. rather than output current is controlled. This
means that output current into a short circuit will be considerably greater than the rated
output current at 13.8V output.
Voltage Feedback
The voltage at the output is taken to 10104 via an adjustable voltage divider. lC104 acts as
a controlled zener. When the reference input for the controlled divider is lower than 2.5V,
no current flows through the cathode. As the reference voltage increases, corresponding
to high output. increasing current will ﬂow through the cathode.
Cathode current is taken through the optocoupler I03 and pulls the main PWM comparator
inputs low and reduces the duty cycle.
Similarly a low output voltage will decrease cathode current and allow the feedback input
to the comparators to increase.
Over-voltage Protection
The output voltage is also taken via a divider to IClOS. When the output reaches the pre-
set over—voltage shutdown point, lC106 will turn on and turn on 0100. This puts current
through optccoupler lC4 and pulls the input to IC1/C low. This causes IC1IC output to go
low and switches off the power supply.
The power supply will try to switch on again after the input turn on delay of about 1
second. if the output fault is still present the unit will switch off again.
01996 Exiccm Technologies 0995) Ltd 12-2 Issue I - September 1995
EX! (3 D M
invslwlilollL CondorTechnlcalMenu-lP-rtt-MalnsPowerSu
12.3 Power Supply Installation
Note: Ensure that the power supply is set up for the correct mains voltage by checking
the linking on the PCB. P1 is bridged to P2 to select mains voltages in the range
184 to 276V AC (230V nominal), or bridged to P3 to select mains voltages in the
range 88 to 132V AC (110V nominal) Reler to Figure 12.1 to locate P1 ,2,3.
Rack Mount Condor
The power supply for this option is mounted on the inside rlght ol the Condor rack mount
shelf.
Wall Mount Condor
The power supply is normally mounted on the wall adjacent to the Condor. It the wall
mount Condor is mounted on the optional rack mount tray the power supply mounts on the
right hand side of the rack mount tray in the holes provided
Dmo. N0. 504-0519-0
Fvgmorzl 2528Power8upply
01996 Exloorn Technologies (1995) Ltd 12-3 issue 1 - September 1998
E Xl C D M
ill re 1 u no u A l CondorTechnlcal Manuel Part1- Mains Power Sugglz
12.4 Fault Finding
Note: Because of the high voltages present always exercise extreme care when
servicing. An Isolation transtormer is necessary for all work with the cover removed.
Ensure that the drain voltage on Qt is always kept to less than 1000V. When testing the
unit after major repairs, always check the drain voltage using a 1k ohm resistor soldered
onto the drain pad under the PCB, with the scope probe clipped onto this. Refer to Figure
1242 below.
Connect tip of
/loope probe here 4
Connect earth otsoopo be here
pm Dug. No. 504435154)
Figure 12.2 Con/lemon Pains to Mamie the Drain Voltage of 01
01396 Exicom Technologies 11996) Ltd 124 mu. 1 - September 1996
“H
Dlwg. No. sumac-o
Figum12.3 MainsPowalSupply TypezﬂszlockDingmn
01996 Exicom Tld'mMDQiOl (1936) ua 12—5 law 1 - Member 1996
A)
EXﬁM
urn-“nun“
Condor Technical Manual Pan 1 - Mains Pmr M!
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ewes Exicom Technologes (1996) Ltd 12-6 Ill". 1 - September 1996
z?
E X I C D M
r u y l n w . v I a n . t Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - DC-DC Convener
1 3
DC-DC Converter Type 2461
13.1
__
_—
m—
Output Protectlon Short circuit proof Overvoltage protected
13.2 Circuit Description
The power supply is designed to power a nominal 13.5V to the Condor link terminal from a
nominal 24V or 48V supply. The basic conﬁguration is e switched mode converter with
Input and output DC isolated. Flegulatlon is achieved by optically coupled feedback
controlling pulse width.
The input from a nominal 24V or 48V supply is via fuse FS1. 20mm or 30mm fuses can be
fitted by modifying the position of the input terminal of the luseholder. Polarity protection Is
provided by Dz. Overvoltage input shutdown above 60V is provided by D1, 05 and TRl.
Pulse width modulator ICZ drives power FETs TFls and TR7 with a 100kHz square wave
vie complementary symmetry driver TR3. TFl4. During the off period D11 conducts due to
the collapsing magnetic field in T1 returning this energy to the supply capacitors. During
the ‘on' period current lrom T1 secondary feeds via one of the 014 diodes into L7 the
switchmode inductor. In the ‘oﬂ' perlod the other D14 flywheel diode conducts to transfer
the L7 stored energy to the output capacitors.
Output voltage is sensed by 016 and optically coupled vie IC1 to control the duty cycle of
ICZ.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 134 Issue 1 - September |995
E X I (3 CI M
1 ~ 1 s a n A 1 n o u A 1 Calder Technical Manual Part I - DC-Dc Convener
Power FET current is sensed at source resistors R19, R31 and R32. Average current is
sensed at ICZ pin 4 and peak current at pin 10 to provide protective shutdown of IC2
output. A soft start power supply turn on characteristic is provided by 013 to limit Inrush
currents. Output overvoltage protection for inductive load transients is provided by 16V
VDR R30. Extensive onboard RFl suppression and input/output ﬁltering ensure a low level
of conducted and radiated emissions.
13.3 Servicing
No setting up adjustments are provided. Link J1 is provided in the drain connection of
power FETs TFlG and TFl7, During servicing of faulty units disconnecting this link will
enable the supply to be tested up to the FET gates where a 10V peak to peak square
wave 100kHz wave-form with less than 50% duty cycle should be observed on a CRO.
The 1k ohm 5W resistor across J1 enables the power FETs to be checked without risk 01
damage to them.
A “1ka sawtooth waveform of less than 50% duty cycle will be present on the FET
drains. Peek to peak amplitude is hall supply voltage. is. 12V p-p for a 24V power supply,
or 24V p-p for a 48V power supply.
Operation of the overvoltage shutdown can be checked at this time.
Do not close J1 until these conditions have been met. Operate the supply from a 0-65V
supply current limited to SA. it should start up at 19V input and shutdown at 72V.
Full load input current is 2.25A at 23V Input and 1A at 56V.
Vlnlh a short circuited output, input current is limited to less than 1.5A.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 13-2 lens 1 - September l996
EXI CD M
inrsnunrvnrt‘x ComiurTechr-icaannuaanm~DC-DCCorwer|er
Dmg. No, 504—0549-0
Figure 13.1 DC—DC Convarrsr Type 2461
01995 Exicom Tsohnoiogias (1996) Ltd 13-3 luuo 1 - September 1996
4m
AurEAnrArronAl
Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - Dc-Dc Convener
us
vac
«ﬁe .
Q 4
Drug. No. 504414834)
Figure 13.2 DC-DC Canvarfsr Type 2461 Block Diagram Dry. no. zs-zmaf-z
01995 Exioom Tschnnlogm (1996) L'd 13-4 Issue 1 - Summit-r 1996
%2
E X l C D M
m 1 s n ~ A r r 17 ~ A r Condor Technical Manual Part 2 - System Setug
17
System Setup
17.1
17.2
1 7.3
Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Condor. The operations described here should normally performed by qualiﬁed technicians
in a repair or service centre.
Identity Codes
In telephone mode. communication between the exchange and subscriber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake. Both terminals must therelore be set to the
same ident code before any bench testing or field installation can begin.
Setting oi ident codes is described in Section 6.1 of this manual.
Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Condor Ilnk before field installation. It assumes
that individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SR210/310 and Condor Test Units Manual).
Connect the subscriber and exchange terminals back to back vIa woes of attenuation.
Coaxial T—connectcrs connected to the low power (output) side of the soda power
attenuators provide monitoring for each transmitter in turn with modulation meter and
frequency counter.
This alignment gives the following system levels:
Subscriber transmit 1kHz at OdBm ——> 3kHz deviation 2 10% -> exchange receive -3dBm
Exchange transmit 1kHz at -7dBm -> akHz deviation t 10% --> subscriber receive -
10dBm
©1996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 17-1 Issue | - September 1996
x;
EXICDM _
mum”; a“ t CmdorTecnmc-IManual Panz-gystern Setup
17.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (S -> E)
(1) Connect the modulation meter so that it measures deviation of the subscriber terminal
transmitter,
(2) Connect a 6009 level meter to the 2-wire line connections of the exchange terminal.
This is best done across the gas discharge arrestor on the motherboard.
(3) Connect a 6009 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with trequency set to 1000Hz and level to OdBm,
(4) Adjust FlV3 in the 2587 subscriber line inter-lace to give approximately 2.5kHz
deviation for 25kHz channel spacing or 1,25kHz for 12.5kHz channel spacing,
(5) Adjust FiV4 in the 2586 exchange line interface, to give output of -3dBm on the level
meter,
(7) Reduce the input level by 20dB and check the frequency response is within +1dB,
4dB ol the 1kHz level.
17.3.2 Exchange to Subscriber Alignment (E -> S)
(1) Connect the modulation meter to measure the deviation of the exchange tennlnai
transmitter,
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2-wire output of the subscriber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator to the 2-wire input of the exchange terminal with
frequency set to 10!)on and level to -7dBm,
(4) Adjust avz in the 2586 exchange line interface to give approximately 2.5kHz deviation
for 251441 channel spacing or 1.25kHz for 12.5kHz channel spacing,
(5) Adjust FiV1 in the 2587 subscriber line interface for an output level of -10dBm,
(5) Reduce the input level by 20dB and check for a frequency response, 300Hz to
3400Hz, of +1dB, -4dB relative to the level of 1kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
lor party line). This DC current can produce errors in some audio test equipment
due to transformer core magnetisation.
(8) Connect a test telephone to the subscriber terminal and connect the exchange
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct call establishment in both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in "Link Operation
Sequences' Section 3.6 of this manual.
01996 Exioom Technologies (1996) Ltd |7~2 issue 1 - September 1996
EXI CD M
immune“; CondorTechnic-lManualPanz- emSel
17.4 Transmitter Power Adjustment
To adjust the transmitter power, first remove the plastic hole cover underneath the
transmitter module‘ This gives access to power control adjustment RV1 in the transmitter.
17.5 Test and Alignment Aids
Four separate Test Units are manufactured to simplify test and alignment of the Condor
modules. They are intended for use by regional module repair centres Field repair is on a
module replacement basis. The units are:
> Controller/Multiplexer Test Unit Type 2504
> Tx/le Test Unit Type 2501
> Subscriber Interface Test Unit Type 2502
> Exohange interface Test Unit Type 2503
The SFl210/310 and Condor Test Unit Manual details alignment and test sequences to
allow a rapid return to service tor the modules.
in addition to Test Units an extender cable set Is available (Type 2464). A set of cables
comprises one each of s4-way. 50-way, 24-way and 14-way extension cables and
connectors.
01996 Exioom Technologies (1995) Ltd 17-3 luau i - Septerrioer 1996
EX! CD M
“manure,“ CondorTadmlcnlM-nu-IPanE-S Sam
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01996 Exlcotn Tocmoloﬂes (1998) le 17-4 lane 1 - Swimmer 1986

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