Exicom 2950-4 User Manual 28899

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PART ONE
(ONDOR
5 TA N D A R D
CONFIGURATION
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EXICDM
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
. u r s n n A r r a it A L Condor Technical Manual Pant - Introduction
Introduction
1.1 General
The Condor is a single channel, duplex radio link providing communication between two
terminals in fixed installations. Communication is via a channel with normal telephone
bandwidth is. 300Hz - 3400Hz. The Condor is duplex allowing the user to both listen and
speak at the same time.
Application
The Condor is used for three different applications: telephone, payphone or non-
telephone. When used to provide a telephone or payphone. one Condor terminal is
connected to a telephone or payphone. end the other to a Telephone Exchange. When
used in non-telephone applications, the Condor provides a voice channel on demand.
These three modes are described in more detail below.
Radio Band:
The Condor is available in a number of radio bands. Within each band, a pair of
frequencies is chosen and dialled up on switches in the receiver and transmitter modules.
For more information on radio bands. refer to the Condor Installation Guide and to
Sections 7, a and 9 of this manual.
Llne Interface Modules
The Condor 2525 Line Interface Module can be set for either an exchange terminal or a
subscriber terminal. As a subscriber terminal, the interface can be set for one telephone or
two telephones (normal or high current). As an exchange terminal, the interface can be set
for two wires or four wires plus E and M signalling. For more information on the 2825 Line
Interface. refer to Section 11 of this manual.
The 2586 Exchange Line Interface and the 2857 Subscriber Line Interface can only be
used for their specific function is. Subscriber or Exchange. The two line interfaces are
used when payphone facilities are required and are fully compatible with 50Hz longitudinal
meter pulse, 12 or 16kHz meter pulse or line reversal payphones. For more information on
the 2586 and 2587 line interfaces refer to Sections 18 and 19 of this manual.
01996 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-1 Issue 2 - September 1995
E X I C D M
m r 1 n it A 1 l 0 ~ A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - Introduction
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.2
1.2.1
Telephone Applications
When used as a telephone link, the Condor enables a telephone to operate as if it is
connected to the exchange by wire, instead of radio. Under normal conditions, the user is
not aware that a radio is being used. Both pulse dial and DTMF dial telephones operate
normally. The ringing cadence sent to the telephone is the same as the exchange sends
and most exchange tones are heard as normal. The only noticeable differences are:
> Dial tone is not received until about 1.5 seconds after the handset is lifted,
> There is an additional tone (link busy). which is heard if the radio path tails.
Payphone operation also supports the detection and generation of payphone signalling.
This enables correct operation of any payphone connected to the subscriber terminal.
Non-Telephone (Polnt-to-Point) Applications
When set in point-to-point mode, the Gender acts as a simple duplex radio. The radio link
is set up when one 01 the terminals receives an M-wire providing a voice or data path from
one terminal to the other. M-wire into one terminal is forwarded as E-wire out of the other
terminal. Removal of the M-wire closes the llnk down. There are two basic Point to Point
modes:
> Normal - in this mode only the terminal which has an M-wire signal into it will transmit;
> Trunking - in this mode when one terminal is triggered by an erire, a duplex link will
set up. The link remains until half a second alter both M-wires are removed.
For more information about non-telephone applications refer to the 2737 module. Section
8 of this manual or contact your Condor supplier.
Cautionary Notes
Screw Sizes
Screws In this equipment have No. 2 Jls heads (Japan Industry Standard) Damage to
screw heads may result It the incorrect screw tips are used. The closest alternative is
No. 2 PhIIIlps
01996 Exioom Technologies (1995) Ltd 1-2 Issue 2 - September 1906
EXQM
I’lI’EANAYIONAt
Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - Introduction
CAUTION
1.2.2 Electrostatlo Dame e
The Condor uses a number ot semi-conductor devices which are sensitive to
electrostatic damage. You should assume that every IC is sensitive to static
electricity
Please take adequate care in the handling and storage of such devices when
carrying out any service work on the equipment
Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inslde
electrically conductive statlo shieldlng bags.
Repair work on equipment containing these devices should be carried out only
at “electrostatic‘saie work stations”. where the work bench surlace, soldering
iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful
electrostatic charges.
01986 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-3 Issue 2 - September i996
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EXI CO M
n. 7“ “may. 1 Condor Technical Manual Part! -lntroduction
1.3 How To Use This Manual
This manual is divided into two parts.
> Part One details the Condor used with the 2825 Line Interface, allowing normal phone
or point-to—point operation.
> Part Two details the Condor using the 2856 and 2587 Line Interfaces which enable
payphone operation The modules common to both systems configurations are
covered in Part One and should be referred to when reading Part Two.
The Condor Technical Manual is one of a set of three Condor manuals. It describes how
the Condor works. The other two texts are:
> Condor Installation Manual: This manual describes how to install the Condor. This
manual is supplied with every Condor terminal.
> anew/310 and Condor Test Units Manual: This manual describes how to set up,
test and fault-find the modules.
You need this Manual if you want to know:
> What the Condor is, and what It does (Section 1);
> What specifications it meets (Section 2 and 16);
> How the Condor works as a system (Section 3);
> How to set up a Condor link (Section 4 and 17);
> How each of the modules work (all other chapters).
01996 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Ltd 1—4 Issue 2 - September 1995
EX I C D M _
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System Operation
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how the Condor works as a system. It includes a description cl me
Condor and its features. It details the sequence of events for the Condor in several modes
at operation. It includes a fault-finding guide which can be used to isolate faulty modules.
3.1 .1 Labelling
All modules in the Gender are labelled wlth a Type Number and a Serial Number. The
Type Number is oi the lon‘n 61-2737-00001.
Where the first two digits (61) indicate the product family; the next four (2737 In this
example) indicates the module type; and the last five indicate the variant. Modules are
normally referred to using only the four digits of the module type. So the example module
would be referred to as a "2737‘.
3.2 Features
The Condor Radio Link offers a number of improved performance features.
3.2.1 Modular Construction
The Condor is a full duplex modular radio link system. Hardware and software flexibility
allows the equipment to be adapted to different applications. The Terminal Housing type
2523 uses a motherboard to connect the following modules:
UHF Receiver type 2501 or VHF Receiver type 2303
Duplexer type 2824
Transmitter type 2802
Controller type 2737
Line Interface type 2825 or Exchange 2586 or Subscriber 2587
Compander type 2819 is fitted to the Controller type 2737 when the Gender is configured
tor payphone operation.
External power supplies allow operation from Ac mains or 24-48V batteries. Modules are
interchangeable, allowing rapid service. The line interface is strapped for use as either an
exchange terminal or a subscriber terminal.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-1 Issue a - September 1996
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EXI C O M
Wye-“nu“ CondorTechnlcal Manual Part I-_Sy£em OJerairon
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
RF Channel Planning
The equipment is designed for 25/30kHz channelling. The two transmitters in a link can be
spaced at 5MHz - 10MH1 (UHF) or 4.6MHz-1OMHz/4.0MHz-GMHZ (VHF band dependent).
The transmitter power output is adjustable from 10W at the duplexer output to less than
1W duplexer output. We recommend using the low powers for minimum current
consumption and maximum frequency re-use.
Transmitters and receivers can be re-channelled by resetting hexadecimal switches.
Duplexers require re-tuning for change of receiver or transmitter frequencies greater than
200kHz.
To save power at the subscriber terminal. the receiver In the subscriber terminal cycles on
and off when the link is idle. The receiver stays on for about 150ms, then off for about
450ms. The receiver in the exchange terminal is continuously powered.
Link Supervision
A number of supervisory functions are provided as standard. Tone pips are used to
indicate three conditions:
> low battery volts;
> high SWFl;
> low receive signal.
The meter on the front panel of the controller module provides monitoring of test points in
the transmitter, receiver and controller modules.
Ident Codes
As a telephone link, ident codes are used to ensure that link setup only occurs between
mating terminals. There are 32 distinct ident codes available, to allow maximum frequency
re-use with minimum interference. Out of band FSK signalling Is used to transfer signalling
information between the two link ends. The FSK signalling is also used to carry all ringing,
dialling and calling functions of the normal system. FSK must be present for the link to
operate. It is also used to provide remote testing of the radio link.
Interfacing
The line interface provides full 2-wire hybrid facilities for exchange or subscriber use. The
exchange terminal, in addition. can provide full 4-wlre plus E and M. The interface
Incorporates a 50V line supply and ringing generator for direct connection to a telephone
over long 2-wire lines.
The exchange terminal can be attached to a microwave trunk circuit, if the line interface is
set up for 4-wire operation. This allows provision of spur telephone links from a microwave
bearer system. Positive or negative M-wire operation can be selected.
Both terminals may be operated in 4-wire mode to provide half-duplex or lull-duplex
linking. Under these conditions the out of band FSK tones are used directly lor M-wire/E-
wire signalling.
91996 Exicom Technologies (1995) Ltd 3-2 Issue 3 - September 1996
EXIC D M
rn1£l~l710 n L Condor TschnlcaIManulIPan t -S stemo ration
Full secondary lightning protection is provided tor the 2-wire line connection using a three
terminal gas discharge srrestor. 500V isolation is provided within the housing and line
interface modules for the 2-wire path.
3.2.6 Serviceability
Modules can be pre-aligned, then used to replace faulty modules without further
adiustment in the field. Remote testing facilities are incorporated to enable location of
equipment faults wilt-rout disturbing the subscriber.
3.3 General System Description
3.3.1 Mechanical
The Radio Link System comprises a Terminal Housing equipped with a number of
individual plug-in modules which are fastened to the base of the housing. The electrical
components are mounted on printed wiring boards, which slide Into guides within the
module extrusion. Module covers are detached by removing the front panel screws and
the two rear connector mounting screws.
3.3.2 Frequency Range
The RF units are normally supplied for operation in a specific band. Frequency selection
within a band is achieved with hexadecimal switches.
Standard bands are (MHz):
6&78, 72-82, 78-88, 148 -1 62. 159-174. 403—423, 410- 430, 430—450, 450-470 , 470490.
490-51 2.
3.3.3 . Modulation
The equipment is frequency modulated and provides a base band of 300Hz to 3.4kHz. Out
of band signalling is accomplished with 4kHz frequency shift keying. The signalling system
operates at 150 bauds. The receiver bandwidth Is 12kHz (25kHz band plan) or 7.5kHz
(12.5kHz band plan), and the receiver is equipped with AFC to minimise frequency error
distortion.
3.3.4 Logic
All module inputs and outputs are "active low' or of open collector form with pull-up
resistors on the destination board. This allows modules to be removed from a powered
system with minimum interaction.
01995 Exioom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-3 issue 3 - Septemb-r 1995
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E X I C D M
”4 r s n n 4 r I 0 ~ . A condor Technical Manual Pant - System Operation
3.3.5 Power Supply Polarity
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.4
3.4.1
The Condor requires a nominal 12 volt negative earth external power source with 4 amp
capability. For normal operation the power supply voltage must be between 10.5V and
15.5V.
Note: The Condor housing metalwork is directly connected to the negative supply terminal.
supply voltage above 15.5V may cause conduction of the rack
protection zener diode. This diode provides the transient and reverse
polarity protection tor the equipment by mpturing the supply fuse.
CAUTION
z-wlre Line Protection
A gas discharge arrestcr provides secondary llghtning protection for the 2-wire line
connection.
Note: A substantial earth connection is necessary for maximum protection
Overload Protection
The transmitter module Incorporates thermal protection clrcuitry to produce gradual
turndown in the event of overload. This results In gradual power reduction at high heatsink
temperatures until equilibrium is reached.
Since the duplexer is a bandstop type filter. it is possible in cases of severe mistuning to
have considerable transmit powers present at the receiver pm. Two levels of protectlon
are provided. Firefly, at the receiver front end a diode is used to reflect high energy input
signals. Secondly, a high signal detector has access via the motherboard to the transmitter
power reduce control line. It Is thus possible to power the system without damage. even in
cases where the duplexer may be severely mistuned.
System Software
Software Control
The Controller 2737 has an embedded micro controller. This controls the operation of each
and ot the link, and the communication between link ends via the signalllng channel. The
link operation sequences described later are all done by the micro controllers.
Within the 2737 are a row of programming pins called the ident pins. These interface to
the microprocessor, and select the iunction performed by the terminal. in telephone mode,
they select the link ident code. In point-to-point mode, several options may be selected,
and are discussed later.
crass Exioom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-4 Issue a - September 1996
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EXI C D M
runny-nut CondorTechnicalManual Fartl-S stem eratlon
3.4.2 Software Labelllng
3.5
3.5.
The microprocessor uses software stored in the interchangeable EPFlOM. The EPFlOM
window is covered with a label on which is printed a coded description of the software
version. The version number is included in the EPHOM program, so that the EPROM can
still be identified if the label is missing.
System Operating Modes
1 Telephone Mode
Controller pin pairs 1 to 5 LInked In any chosen ccmblnation
ln telephone mode including Payphone, the Condor link provides a direct replacement of
the 2-wire telephone line in a public switched telephone network. Strappings on the 2825
Line lnterlaca define whether the termlnal is an exchange and or subscriber end. Standard
call supervisory functions conveyed by the signalling channel are reproduced at each
terminal so that the telephone apparatus and exchange equipment operate as it they were
directly connected. Link selection of the 5 ident pin pairs provides an ident code which is
transmitted and to end to ensure only correctly mating terminals are involved in the call.
3.5.2 Polnt to Polnt Mode
Pin paIr 7 Llnked
ln point-to-point mode the Condor provides independent end to and control for the
transmission of telemetry and data information between central and remotely situated
sites. or for the connectlon of two exchanges. Both terminals have line interfaces working
in 4-wire E and M mode. The out of band signalling tones are used direme for M-wire/E-
wlre control.
85.3 Allgn Mode
Pln palr 5 Linked
Align mode provides a means of evaluating the performance at the link system and the RF
path between two laminate without requiring Ilne looping or M-wire/E-wire oontrol.
Transmitter and receiver are both activated and all audio mutes are released.
Note: There is no transmission 01 signalling tones in this mode so transmitter deviation is
reduced from normal operating values by a peak value of 650Hz with 25kHz
channel spacing, or 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel spacing.
eieee Exicom Technologies uses) Ltd as Issue a - Sepia-near tees
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EXI CD M
m Vll'laflfi n t Condor Technical Manual Part 1 -s stemO oration
3.6 Llnk Operatlon Sequences
3.6.1 Telephone Mode:
Subscriber Orlglnatlng call (Subscriber Makes A Call)
This is best described as a sequence of operations from initiation.
(a) Subscriber Iilts hand set and loops the line.
(b) Loop is detected and the controller is awakened.
(c) The subs transmitter is powered and ident codes are sent to the exchange terminal.
(d) Exchange terrnlnal sees a valid signal from its receiver and powers its controller which
checks for correct ident code.
(a) when correct ldent code is seen the exchange terminal tums on its transmitter and
sends its idem code to the subs terminal.
(t) On receipt of correct ident the subs terminal stops sending ident and sends status
data ie. sub ON. Audio mute is cleared and the speech loop relay energised.
(9) On receipt of status data the exchange end stops sending idents and starts sending
status. It also loops the exchange line, energises the speech loop relay and clears the
audio mute to allow transmission of dlal tone from the exchange.
(h) DTMF dialling will pass over the speech path allowing completion of call setup.
(l) The subs terminal passes dial tone to the sub. At the first loop break it sets audio
mute. It then proceeds to time the dial pulses to establish their validity and to count
them.
(j) When an interdigital pause Is detected the dial pulse count is processed and sent by
the signalling as BCD data to the exchange terminal. The subscriber audio mute is
then released.
(k) The exchange terminal detects that a dialled digit has been received and convene the
digit back into dial pulses. Speech loop relay is deared and audio paths muted while
dialling is in progress. The speech path is re-established on each completion ol
dialling.
(I) Clearing of the call Is Initiated by the subscriber going on hook whereupon the subs
terminal sends sub OFF status to the exchange terminal and proceeds to time out and
power down.
(m) Receipt oi sub OFF status at the exchange terminal clears the speech loop and line
loop and the exchange terminal also proceeds to power down.
01996 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Ltd 35 Issue 3 - September 1996
EXICDM .
in IIHNAYIONAL CondorTechmcelManual Part I -s stemo oration
Subscriber Terminating Cali (Subscriber's Telephone Rings)
(a) Incoming ringing is detected and powers the exchange terminal controller, which
proceeds to time the first ring cadence, while also trying to establish the radio link.
ident signalling is used in the same way as described in steps (c) to (9) above, with the
subscriber and exchange roles reversed. When establishing the link from the
exchange end there is a delay between powering the transmitter and activation of the
signalling. to allow capture of the cycling subs receiver.
(b) If the first ring cadence is between approx 2.5 seconds and 5 seconds then the link is
set up for a long ring test. The long ring test opens the audio path in both directions,
but does not loop the exchange line. Any alarm tones present will be heard at both
ends oi the link but the subscriber will not be alerted. The test continues for 20
seconds and the link then reverts to its rest state. If the subscriber makes a real call
during the test. the call will set up normally, but without a turther ident sequence. The
test state will be cleared by the intrusion.
(c) Once the link is established, the exchange terminal sends the ring inlormation to the
subs terminal as part of its status data. The ring information is updated every 100
milliseconds. so it is necessary to pre—process the ringing cadences to minimise
distortion of ringing information.
(d) At the subscriber terminal the ringer generator is sent to line under control oi the
reconstituted cadence iniormation.
(e) When the subscriber answers. the loop detect circuitry operates to disconnect the
finger generator (loop detect is active during ringing) and line looped is sent to the
exchange terminal via the data channel. Speech loop relay is operated and the audio
mute released.
(f) The exchange terminal now loops the exchange line, operates the speech loop relay
and releases the andio mute to complete the speech path. The cell is now established.
(g) The subscriber terminal recognises switch hook flash as a loop break oi between 88
and 500 milliseconds. This is regenerated at the exchange tenninel as a 250
millisecond break allowing access to exchange leatura functions.
(n) if the subscriber loop is opened for longer then 500 milliseconds the link will clear
down, as in the Subscriber Originated Call above. The exchange terminal will be
commended oil so that the audio path will be muted before the RF path is lost.
(i) it the calling party terminates the call then the normal exchange tones will be sent to
the subscriber to tell him to hang up.
01996 Exioorn Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-7 Issue 3 — September 1996
—________—___________—_______________—
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EXICDM _
lurrlflarrotlar CondorTechnimI Manual Pant -s stem oration
3.8.2
Failure Modes
The controller program allows two seconds break in received carrier before clearing Ihe
link and powering down. If the sub is off hook when the link clears down, he will receive
busy tone.
It the link fails to set up properly then the sub gets a busy tone it he initialed the call.
Data errors in the signalling path are protected by parity checking and sequential message
comparison. Up to 2 seconds of continuous data errors are allowed before clear down
occurs. A minimum signaVnoise ratio of 20dB is required for the link system to operate
This is the system threshold level lntemally set up in the receiver.
Point-to-Polnt Mode (Pin 7 Linked on Controller)
Basic Point-to-Polnt
This mode is commonly used for linking of talk-through radio repeater systems where it
offers the advantage of noise tail suppression.
The sequence of operations is as follows:
(a) M-wire (push to talk line) is grounded
(b) M—wire is detected and the controller is awakened
(c) The transmitter is powered and the lower frequency signalling tone sent to the remote
terminal.
(d) At the remote terminal receipt of signal valid from the receiver wakes the controller.
(e) On detection of the low frequency signalling tone the remote terminal controller lifts
the audio mute and pulls the E wire output to ground (equipment frame).
(f) Operation in the reverse direction is Identical to the above and independent of it. It
both controllers are already awake the M-wire to E-wire delay may be reduced slightly
from its normal 70 milliseconds.
(9) At the end of transmission M wire ls released.
(h) The controller changes from low to high frequency signalling tone.
(i) After 10 milliseconds the controller de-powers the transmitter and if the return path is
not active. goes back to sleep.
0) At the remote terminal the change over from low to high signalling tone activates the
audio mute to prevent receiver noise tail being passed Into the external network‘
E»wire is also released.
(k) The remote end controller now expects shutdown of received signal and the
corresponding noise tail from the receiver prior to clearance of the ‘signal vaiid' input.
(I) Since the noise tail would contain frequency components in the signalling channel the
controller is programmed to ignore signalling tone information for 70 milliseconds after
the transition of tone frequencies from low to high.
(m) The receiver loses its received signal and alter a short delay cancels its signal valid
output.
©1996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-8 low. 3 - September 1996
EXI CD M
INVEnunrlnnAx CondorTachnical MamalPam-Ccnlrofler
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figur- 5.1 Controller Type 2737 Layout
01996 Exlcom Tamndogies (1998) Ltd 6-9 lssua 2 - 5mm 1996
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©1996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-10 Issue 2 - Samba 1996
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E XI C Cl M
i u r 1 n n A r i o u A A Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Tya 2950 and 2957
i— l l
‘ Environmental Operates within -30 “C to +55 “C, up to 95% l
‘ relative humid‘gy. non-condensin l
_.__,.._ _9
Qperationai Voltage Range 10.6 Vac to 15.5 Vac l
, Maximum DC Supply Current Standby, non-fast key configuration 15 mA
I 51 13-8 VDC lan Standby, Fast Key configuration 110 mA
(Typical measurements only)
Tx keyed, 1 Watt output irom i
Duplexer (approx. 1.3 W irom Tx) 1.2 A
Tx keyed, 10 Watts output from 1
Duplexer (approx. 13 W lrom Tx) 3.0 A '
Maximum T" key “P delay‘ Non—fast key configuration 100 ms
(Typical measurements only) Fast Key configuration 3.0 ms
9.3 Circuit Description
The following section provides a detailed description of the operation of the circuit.
9.3.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Modulator
A The transmitter VCO is NOT field serviceable. Repairing and
testing of the VCO is best done in the factory.
The VCO contains the resonator, oscillator and frequency control varioap, in a factory-
endosed assembly. The VOO Is tuneable via a trimmer that is accessible through the
top oi the shield.
9.3.2 Frequency Synthesiser Circuitry
When the transmitter is powered-up, the three parallel to serial converters, U303,
U304 and U305 receive inputs from the DIP switch SW301 and the Hexadecimal
frequency select switches, SW302, SWSOS and swam. The DIP switch sets the
trequency band of the transmitter, and the other three switches select the channel the
transmitter is tuned too. Refer to Section 9.4 for further details.
These parallel inputs are led or “clocked" serially to pin 12 oi the microoontroller U302.
The twenty-four clock pulses required by U303, U304 and U305 are generated by
U302.
The channel spacing is set to 5 kHz if R305 is M; otherwise, the default setting is
6.25 kHz. U302 uses this input and the data it receives on pin 12 to derive the
frequency data sent to the Phase Locked Loop iC U307. U307 compares the output
from the VCO on pin 8 with the TCXO signal on pin 1 to derive the VCO control signal.
which it outputs on pin 5. The signal is then filtered by the loop iilter operational
amplifier U308. The output signal ircm the filter, VCOTUNE, controls the VCO and
can be monitored on TP301.
' Delay irom “lay up" signal input to 5093 power present at the RF output connector
©1999 Exieom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-3 Issue A - January 1999
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E x I c D M _
m r r n n A 71 11 ~ A r. Condor Technical Manual Part 17 UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2951
9.2 _8pecifications
Transmitter Type [Synthesised with direci frequency modulation _j
Synthesiser Step Size 5 kHz or 6.25 kHz ‘
Frequency Bands (MHz)
Module No.: Tx 2957 335-356
Tx 2950
BSD-403,403-423, 410430, 430-450, 450470
470-490, 480-500. 490-512
Output Impedance
509
LRF Output Power 1-15 W < 470 MHz. 1-13 W > 470 MHz
RF Power Regulation
Over specified bandwidth t 0.5 dB
thh supply Voltage 1 1 dB for 10.5 We to 15.5 Vac
With Temperature 1 1 dB for -30 “C to +55 °C _
Duty Cycle 10056 from -30 "C to +55 “C up to an altitude of
3000 m
Frequency Stability
11.0 ppm from -30 °C to +55 °C and with a supply
_1 voltage of 10.6 an_to 15.5 V.»
L§purious Outputs
Adjacent Channel Power
_,
<-25 dEm for 25 kHz Channel Spacing
<-18 dBm tor 12.5kHz Channel Spacing
< 025 11W (-36 deg) from 100 kHz to 4 GHz 4
VSWH Protection
withstands VSWR of 20:1 at anyphase angie_
Thermal Protection
Integral. RF output power automatically reduced
when module heatsink temperature reaches 95
°C 1: 5 °C
Modulation Direct frequency modulation
Distortion <1 .0% at 3 kHz deviation weighted
leatlon Adjustable 1.5 kHz to 5 kHz
Modulation Input impedance Hi “2' (36 kn)_dilierentiai Input
Modulation Input 775 me,
Audio Frequency Response 20.3 dB irom 300 Hz to 8.2 kHz with DC response
Legion
Hum and Noise >39 dB unweighted wide band
>45 dB unweighted narrow band
Transmitter Switching 21 MHz ior 335 to 356 MHz band
Bandwidth 23 MHz lor 380 to 403 MHZ band
20 MHz for 403 to 512 MHz band
Note: irequency changes greater than 11.5 MHz
will require resetting of the VCO centre frequency. ‘
Residual AM <0.5%
Carrier Locket? <-65 dBm
©1999 Elicom Technologies (1996) Limited
9-2 Issue A - January 1999
E X | C D M
I u r r 5 ~ . 71 o u A l Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.3.9
9.3.10
9.3.1 1
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.3.1 4
High Pass Filtering
The RF output from the power amplifier module is also fed to an absorptive high pass
elliptical filter. This keeps the harmonic energy to a minimum.
RF Power Output Control
Voltage irom the forward power port of the dual directional coupler ieeds the constant
output power loop. The loop consists of U7OZB and 0501 with FiV701 enabling the
transmitter output power to be adjusted from 1 W to 15 W.
As the voltage at the forward power port of the dual directional coupler increases, the
voltage on Gate 2 of 0501 is reduced by the control loop and so the transmitter output
power is reduced (and vice versa). This keeps the output power constant for supply
voltage variations.
By grounding the base oi Q702 through D710 at pin 5 of the rear panel socket (thus
interrupting the constant power loop). the power output can be reduced externally,
e.g. from the receiver module when the receiver is overloaded.
Thermal Protection of the RF Power Amplifier Module
U653 is mounted on the flange of U601 and Increases its output voltage at a rate of
10 mV/“C. When its output reaches 950mv (indicating a heatsink temperature of
95°C); it turns 0701 on, which reduces 0702 emitter voltage. This controls the
operation of the output power control loop reducing the power output at the transmitter
until thermal equilibrium is reached.
VSWH Alarm
The forward and reflected power voltages trorn the dual directional coupler are fed to
a differential amplifier U7021A via two logarithmic elements contained in D703. The
output oi U702/A is thus a function of VSWR and is fed to the monitor. 0704 switches
the VSWR ALARM and its threshold is set by RV702.
Audio and Syntheslser Power Supply
This 10 V supply is based on U152. which uses a 4 V reference, set up by R151 and
R152. This is compared to a feedback voltage and varies the conduction of 0152 via
0151 to maintain 10 V. U151 is an unswitched S V regulator which supplies U15ZB
and the 4 V reference. U152A is switched on at Tx power up and may be permanently
powered up by the “fast keyf' shunt PL151. This provides for faster Tx activation as the
synthesiser is maintained powered on and in a locked state.
RF Power Supply
This 10 V supply has the same operation as the audio and synthesiser power supply.
It is only switched on when the synthesiser is locked and the transmitter enabled,
being switched via R655 by a low on the RF_EN line. (1652 is able to supply the
higher current demands oi pin 2 of U601 and the driver stage.
D603, a red LED on the module iront panel, indicates when the HF power supply is
enabled. This only occurs when synthesiser lock is established and the Tx_key line is
pulled low. The LED may flicker at turn on as the power supply settles.
©1999 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Limited ‘ es Issue A - January 1999
EXI C 0 M
“4 vi a u A r l a ~ A L Condor Technical Manual Pen 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2057
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.3.6
9.3.7
9.3.8
U307 also sends status information from pin 7 to U302, which indicates whether U307
has successfully “looked" to the required frequency. When U307 has achieved
frequency lock, U302 takes pin 17 low. The output from pin 17 is the LOCK_DET
signal; this can be monitored on TP403.
Figure 9.2 shows the location of R305 on the module PCB.
Reference Oscillator
This comprises a 9.60 MHz TCXO. A trimmer on the TCXO can be adjusted so that
the TCXO provides exame 9.600000 MHz.
vco Supply
U401 Is a switching regulator that inverts its supply voltage when used with 0405 and
C407. This voltage is applied to bias the VCO and the audio stage.
Audio Line Input and Level Control
Balanced audio input of 775 mV,.,.. (Ior nominal deviation) is applied to pins 8 and 20
(SK101) which is protected against Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) by the Inductor
capacitor filters (L106. L107 and C125, 0126. C128 and 0129). This signal Is applied
to U101D. which provides common mode rejection against external hum and noise at
the two-wire line input. This voltage may be monitored at TP102 and TP104.
The test point TP107 may be used for fault tracing, with an oscilloscope. A 775 mV,,..,
sinewave at this point should cause 3 kHz of FM deviation.
Audio limiting and filtering is external to the transmitter.
FIF DrIver
0501 a duel gate PET and 0502 torm a broad band HF amplifier with 30 dB gain and
400 mW output capability. Gate 2 at 0501 regulates the transmitter output power by
adjusting the stage gain.
The input to 0501 is via C501, L508 and L501. These components form an
impedance matching network; similar matching is used between 0501 and 0502.
Output matchan to 50 o Is performed by a modilled pi network 6523, C527, 0528
and L509. All of these networks are relatively low 0 giving me bandwidths of at least
40 MHz at UHF frequencies.
RF Power Amplltler
The power amplifier consists ol a broad band hybrid power module. RF drive is led to
the power amplifier via a coaxial cable. U601 is supplied with 10 V on pin 2 and 12 V
on pins 3 and 4. Thermal protection is given by U653 (refer to Section 9.3.11).
Dual Directional coupler
Output of the power amplifier module is fed via a low pass elliptical filter to the dual
directional coupler. This provides sample voltages for fonivard and reflected power,
which are used to give an indication ol the VSWR ol the transmitter load. The torward
power voltage is also used in the power control loop to keep the transmitter output
power constant.
01999 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Limited 7 94 Issue A - January 1999
EXI C D M
I u 1 s n u A r l o w A t Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Tm 2950 and 2957
DIP Switch SW301 RF band selection chart
RF Band Position Position Position Position Position Position
(MHz) 3 4 5 6 7 8
450-470 ON ON ON ON ON
Position Foslztlon
Bhutan-Mimi)
Figum 9.1: Frequency Selection Switches
Kev
SW301 (located inside module shroud)
SW304 (Most Significant Bil)
SW303
SW302 (Least Significant Bit)
DOW)
' Module type 2957, other RF hands reier to module type 2950 only.
©1999 Exiumn Tsc’finologiis’fisesl Limited? ‘ 9.7 issue A - Jammy 1999
E X I C 0 M .
l l, r n n n A Yl o n A A Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Trommltter Type 2950 and 2957
9.3.15 Monitor Facilities
9.4
9.4.1
Eight monitor inputs are examined with the aid of a 1 of 8 analogue multiplexer U701.
Any one of these eight inputs may be selected to be connected to the controller via
rear plug pins 2, 3, 13 and 14.
The outputs can be read on the Type 2737 Controller module (see Section 6), or the
level meter on the Test Unit Type 2501.
The analogue monitor outputs, their binary coded decimal number designation and
associated pins on Will are shown below.
Decimal No. Function Pin No. on U701 I
0 Fomard Power 13
1 VSWR 14
2 Lock Detect 15
3 Control Loop Voltage 12
4 0 V 1
5 Driver Output 5
6 Module Temp 2
[— 7 +10 v Regulator Output 4
Transmitter Frequency Selection
General
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal switches (SW302.
SW303 and SW304) accessed through holes In the transmitter shroud. Figure 9.1
shows the position of the switches.
DIP Switch SW301 is used to select the operational RF band. Note that SW301 is we
set at time of manufacture and should not adjusted unless to resolve incorrect
selection. SW301 can only be accessed with the shroud removed.
Refer to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 for shroud removal details.
Note: The selected transmit lrequencies are restricted to those with 5 kHz or 6.25
kHz synthesiser increments. ll R305 is f__ltte_g to the module PCB, the
synthesiser step size will be 5 kHz, otherwise the synthesiser step size is 6.25
kHz (default). Figure 9.2 shows the location of R305 on the module PCB.
©1999 Endocrn Technologies (1996) limited 9-6 Issue A » January 1999
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E X I C O M
ill r s a ~ A v I n w A I Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Tym 2950 and 2957
Step 2
Convert 2520 to a hexadecimal number to suit the frequency selection switches:
2520 + 256 = 9.84375.
9 is a whole number so this is the correct setting lor SW304 (MSB)
Step 3
Multiply the remainder (0.84375) by 256 = 216.
216 +16 =13.5.
13 is a whole number. use the table below to convert 13 to the correct Hexadecimal
setting. ‘ _
iHexoign|0 1 2 3 4 is 6 7 e 9 A la |c n E F
‘Number in 1 2 3 4 is s 7 a 9 10111|12131415
D is the correct setting tor SWSOS.
Step4
Multiply the remainder (0.50) by 16 - 8.
it Is a whole number so this is the correct setting tor SW302 (LSB)
Note: If the final iigure is not a whole digit you have made an error in your
calculations, or you have attempted to set a frequency which is not in the 5.0 or 6.25
kHz channel spacing band plan, and therefore not allowable.
Conversion complete 2520 = 908 Hexadecimal (base 16)
This setting of the Hexadecimal Switches will produce the required frequency of
465.750 MHz for a transmitter in the 450 ‘ 470MHz band with 6.25 kHz channel
spacing
9.4.3 Calculate the operating frequency for given Hexadecimal switch settings
To convert the hexadecimal (base 16) switch settings to a decimal number (base 10),
convert each setting to a number between 0 and 15 usinTlthe chart below:
HexDigit012l3456789A|BCDiEF
Number 01[2i3 4 5 e 7 8 9Lm_[_111213|1415
Using the same exemgie as in Section 944.2 above:
Switch setting ODB can be converted as tollows:
From the table above, 9 = 9, D = 13 and 8 = 8
Step 1
Multiply the most significant number by 256:
9 x 256 = 2304.
©1998 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Limiter) 99 Issue A - January 1999
_________-______________—____________,__._
E XI C CI M
m r r n u A r i e u u Condor Technical Manual Part t- UHF Transmitter Tm 2950 end 2957
9.4.2
Figure 9.2: Position of Tx module symhesiserincremem setting resistor R306
Frequency Selection Procedure
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal switches (SW302,
SW303, end SW304).
Frequency selection can be determined using one oi two methods:
> Determine the Hexadecimal switch settings for any specified irequency
(Conversion of given Frequency to Hexadecimal number],
> Calculate the operating frequency irom given Hexadecimal switch settings
(Conversion of given Hexadecimal number to required Frequency)
Determining Hexadecimal Switch Settings For A Given Frequency
The conect hexadecimal (base 16) switch setting to obtain a requlmd irequency is
calculated as follows.
Required freq. (MHz) - start lreq. (MHz)
I Switch Setting - Hex
Synthesiser Step Size (MHz)
Example:
Start frequency = 450.000 MHz (450 to 470 MHz band transmitter)
Required frequency = 465.750 MHz
Synthesiser Step Size = 6.25 kHz
Step 1
Calculate Decimal Number (base 10)
465.750 - 450.0
0.00625
= 2520
This number represents the total number at 6.25 kHz steps above the start frequency
necessary to achieve the required transmit frequency.
elm Exiccrn Technologies 0998) Limited 9—0 Issue A - January 1998
EXI C CI M
m rn n u: a m l. Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type2950 and2957
9.4.5 Mechanical Access To The Transmitter Module
1 Turn oil the power supply to the terminal, remove the terminal lrom the well, and
separate the terminal from all cabling, including the antenna cable.
Lay the terminal on a flat surface, with the base plate uppermost.
2 Remove the three screws complete with washers at the bottom 01 the terminal
(see Figure 9.3) and store them in a sale place.
3 Remove the three screws located at the top of the chassis and store them in a
sale place.
4 Turn the terminal over so that the cover is now uppermost and lift the cover 0"
the terminal.
Figure 9.3: Wall Mount Cave! Removal
5 Pertorm any electrical ediustments as required. See Sections 9.4.2 and 9.4.3.
6 Replace the cover over the chassis then lay the terminal on a lie! surface with the
chassis uppermost
7 Replace and tighten each of the screws complete with washers removed in step
(2)
5 Replace and tighten each of the three screws removed in step (3).
9 Connect the terminal to the cabling, and lit the terminal Into position on the wall.
10 Apply power to the terminal.
©1999 Exirmm Techmlogies (1996) Limited $11 Issue A - January 1999
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EXICOM
u r t“ rr u 4 v r n u A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1» UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
step 2
Multiply the middle number by 16:
13 x 16 = 208.
Step 3
9.4.4
Add the least significant number to the two numbers above:
a + 208 + 2304 = 2520
908 Hexadecimal - 2520 in decimal.
Step 4
Convert 2520 into the actual operating frequency using the following formula:
F- ' heettin imal xfr uen Increment size+stertfre uen
As mentioned earlier, frequency increment size is either 5.0 kHz or 6.25 kHz (default).
The start frequency can be read from the module handle label.
Assuming an increment sin of 6.25 kHz, 2520 can be convened thus:
(2520 x 6.25 kHz) + 450 MHz - 15.750 MHz + 450 MHz = 465.750 MHz.
VOO Centre Frequency Adjustment
When changing the transmit frequency by more than 11.5 MHz it will be necessary to
reset the VCO centre frequency. The adjustment, 0202, can only be accessed with
the transmit module’s shroud removed.
Refer to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 for shroud removal details.
Connect an RF power meter and a 50 Ohm load to the module’s HF output.
Use a cable extender (available from Exloom) to connect the module‘s rear connector
(SK101) to the Condor link.
Using a multimeter. set to DC volts, monitor between ground and the “Loop Volts" test
point TP301 (located adjacentto the forward power adjustment FlV701).
With the frequency selection switches set to the desired frequency, key the
transmitter. Adjust the variable capacitor 0202 (accessible through the VCO cover)
until the transmitter produces fonrrard power. Adjust 6202 so that:
> 5 volts is measured on TP301 9_r
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a maximum value (tuned frequency is at
the lower end of the transmitter module‘s frequency capability) 9_r
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a minimum value (tuned frequency is at
the upper end of the transmitter module's frequency capability).
01999 Exioom Technologies (1996) Limited 9—10 7 Issue A - January 1999
EXICD
r u n a u A n a u A l Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter HE 2950 and 2957
9.6 Transmitter Alignment Procedure
9.6.1 Test Equipment Required
VVVVVV
Exicom Test Unit Type 2501,
Communications Test Set with 600 Q Adapter,
Modulatlon mater.
1 GHz Frequency counter,
RF Power Meter, e.g. Bird 43 Thruline or equivalent, with 25C and 250 elements.
FIF in-line Attenuator, 50 Ohm. 15 Watt minimum, 30 dB e.g. Bird Tenuiine or
equivalent,
RF in-line Attenuator, 50 Ohm, 15 Watt minimum, 3 dB e.g. Bird Tenuline or
equivalent.
20 MHz (or greater) oscilloscope,
13.8 V 5 A Dc Power supply,
Digital Volt Meter (DVM).
9.8.2 Preparation
For
the full alignment procedure to be performed the transmitter module must be
removed lrom the terminal and the PCB must then be removed from the module
shroud.
1.
2.
Refer to steps (1) to (4) ol Section 9.4.5 tor wall mount cover removal details.
Identity and remove the three small screws and the three Hex bolts (and
associated washers) on the underside of the chassis that hold the transmitter
module In position. Put the screws, bolts and washers In a safe place [or refitting
the PCB.
Remove the duplexer lead from the transmitter front panel. Pull the transmitter
module away from the motherboard PCB. taking care to ensure the module PCB
connector comes out cleanly from the socket on the motherboard PCB.
In the transmitter module faceplate undo each oi the eight screws along the
faceplate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a sale place for refitting the PCB.
Note: The lace plate screws have No.2 Japan Industry Standard (JIS) heads.
Damage to screw heads may result if the incorrect screw tips are used. The
closest altemetive is 3 No.2 Phillips.
01999Exloom
Technologies (I 996) Limited 9-13 Issue A - January 1999
E X I I3 D M
I u r: n u A v: n u A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2850 and 2957
9.5 Transmitter Output Power Adjustment
9.5.1 General
The transmitter output power is adjusted using a multi-turn potentiometer in the
transmitter module. Rotating the potentiometer in a clockwise direction increases the
power and rotating in an anti—clockwise direction decreases the power. The
potentiometer is adjusted through a hole on the right hand side of the module shroud
(see Figure 9.4).
Hp-
th. N0v MW-t
figum 9.4: Transmitter Module Power Adjustment
To adjust the output power of a transmitter module in a wall mount ten'nlnal, proceed
as toliows:
1.
Transmitter output power can be adjusted without removlng the cover. Leave all
cabling connected and lift terminal off the wall.
Activate the terminal.
Identify the hole on the underside ot the terminal through which the potentiometer
can be adiusted .
Using a suitable screwdriver, adjust the potentiometer as required. Check the
transmitter output power using an in-Iine FtF Wattmeter in the antenna feeder.
After re-calibrating the transmitter, replace the terminal on the wall. Ensure that
all cables are connected and secure.
Perion'n a final check on the terminal to ensure correct operation.
01999 Exioom Technologies (1998) Limited 912 issue A - January 1999
fl
“at.
lNTEINAYIO
~ A i Condor Technical Manual Pan 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.6.3 Alignment and Functional Checks
Note: Do not use an extender cable except for fault finding as it produces significant
10.
©1999 Eirioom
voltage drop at high output power settings.
On the PCB. turn FiV70l (RF Power) lully anti-clockwise to give minimum power
setting. and turn RVtot (frequency deviation control) lully anti-clockwise to give
zero deviation.
Check the setting of DIP switch SW301 tor the required frequency band and
channel spacing, check it R305 is fitted (refer to Figure 9.2) and set the lrequency
switches SW302, SW303 and SW304 to the middle of the band. Refer to Section
9.4 tor details.
Connect the power supply and the digital voltmeter to the Test Unit, and then use
a short ribbon cable to connect the Test Unit to the rear plug on the transmitter
PCB. Finally, use a short length of co—axial cable to connect the RF output plug on
the transmitter PCB to the RF power meter, terminated with a 30 dB attenuator.
Refer to Figure 9.7 (or connection details.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Unit to “Supply Voltage". Apply power to
the Test Unit. and adjust the power supply to give 13.5 V as measured by the
digital voltmeter.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Unit to “Monitor Output", and the Tx,Rx
switch to ‘Tx,le".
Check that the transmitter VCO is lodred by observing the “Active” LED on the
transmitter front panel. if this is unlit, set the monitor output select switch on the
Test Unit to “2" (Lock Detect). and adjust C202 until the analogue meter on the
Test Unit reads less than 2.0 (Synthesiser locked) at which point the LED should
come on.
Check that the transmitter locks reliably by toggling the Tx,th switch on the Test
Unit to Tx,Rx several times.
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to ”3" (Loop Volts). It
necessary, adjust the VCO trimmer capacitance slightly to move the meter reading
as close as possible to the centre at the meter range. This corresponds to a
reading cl 5 V on the digital voltmeter (as measured on TP301)
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to ‘7" (+10 V Regulator
Output) and check that the analogue meter on the Test Unit reads more than 7.6
(RF power supply on). This corresponds to a reading of 2.4 V on the digital
voltmeter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the high band edge frequency, and set the
monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “0” (Fomard Power). Adiust L501
and 0511 on the PCB for a maximum reading on the Test Unit analogue meter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the mid-band lrequenoy, set the monitor output
select switch on the Test Unit to “5" (Driver Output), and adjust FlV701 for
approximately 5 W on the power meter. Then adjust 0620 lor a dip in the reading
on the Test Unit analogue meter.
Technolog-esiieselumned m” 9-15 ' " lssueA-Januaryl999
EXI C U M
r n r r n n A r: u u 4 l Comm Tedtnical Manual Part 1- UHF Trammittu Type 2950 and 2957
figure 9.5: Module Face andFlear Plats Screws
5. in the module rear plate. undo the two screws on either side of the connector that
protrudes through the plate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a sale place for
refitting the PCB.
6. Extract the transmitter PCB from the module by pulling gently on the front plate.
nmg. No. M111
Figure 9.6: UHF Transmitter Type2950 A 2957Allgrrmenr Paine
01999 Exicom Technologies (1998) Limited ' 9—14 Issue A - January 1999
z»?
EXICDM .
rurrnnnnnu ComorTechrifllManual Partl- UHFTranemmuTypezssoandzsfl
Figure 9.3: Modulation Deviation Set-up
9.6.5 Oscillator Frequency
1.
Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
Connect the frequency counter to the output of the attenuator. Allow the
equipment to be fully warmed up, then turn the modulation down to 0 mvm.
Monitor the transmitter frequency with the frequency counter, and check that it
corresponds to that set on the lrequency switches to within 1100 Hz. ll this is not
the case, adjust the TCXO on the transmitter PCB until the output frequency fulfils
this condition.
9.6.8 VSWFI Alarm
1.
2.
Connect the transmitter PCB lo the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to "l" (VSWFl). and adjust
RV701 on the transmitter PCB until the power meter reads 5 W,
Connect the DVM across TP703 and TP704 on the transmitter PCB, and connect
0.5 Metres ol un-terminated coaxial cable to the RF connector on the transmitter
PCB lront panel.
01999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-17 Issue A » January 1999
E X I C D M
A l: r E n n A r i u at a t Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter sze 2950 end 2957
11. On the Transmitter PCB, adjust Ftv7o1 for required RF output power measured on
the power meter.
Note: Allow ior approximately 1 dB loss in the Duplexer atter the transmitter is
fitted back into the lemiinal.
mum-m
awe/«mum:
Fagin 9. 7: Alignment end Funcfional Cheats Sol-up
9.6.4 Modulation Deviation Setting
1. Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.8.
2. Set the radio test set to input a 500 mm, 1 kHz tone to the Tx Audio input on the
Test Unit. and then use the test set to monitor both deviation and distortion at the
transmitter RF output.
3. For transmitters using 12.5 kHz channel spacing tum HV101 fully anti-clockwise,
then adiust RV101 clockwise on the PCB tora frequency deviation 0111.5 kHz.
4. For transmitters using 25 kHz channel spacing. tum RV101 fully anti-clockwise,
and increase the audio signal input level to 775 me... Then adjust RV101
clockwise on the PCB for a irequency deviation of 13 kHz.
©1999 Exicorn Technologuea (1996) Limited 9-16 issue A , January 1999
EXICD M
mrnuunu
Omdor Technical Manual Pan 1» UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
Figure 9. 9: UHF Transmitter Block Diagram
Issqu-Jnnuuy 1999
949
©1999 Exicom Technologies (me) Limited
a“
E XI C 0 M
”4 vs . u . v i o u . . Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmlner HE 2950 and 2957
4. Adjust RV703 on the transmitter PCB for a reading at 0 t 10 mV on the Test Unit
analogue meter (this sets the zero balance for the VSWFl bridge).
Connect a 3 dB 50 Q attenuator to the transmitter RF output.
Connect the un—terminated coaxial cable to the output of the attenuator (this gives
a 3:1 mismatch).
Adjust RV702 on the transmitter PCB so that the VSWR alarm LED on the Test
Unit just lights.
9.6.7 Completlen of Transmitter Alignment
1.
Insert the PCB through the front of the module shroud, taking care to line up the
connector with the hole in the rear plate.
Uslng the two screws kept from the removal of the PCB, insert a screw into each
hole in the PCB connector, do not fully tlghten at this time (see Figure 9.5)
Uslng the eight screws kept lrom the removal of the PCB, insert a screw into each
hole In the module faceplate: (See Figure 9.5). Ensure all screws are securely
fastened in the module lront and rear plates.
Allgn the module into position on the wall mount chassis, taking care that the
holes in the module shroud line up with the holes in the chassls. and that the PCB
connector on the module tits cleanly Into the socket on the motherboard.
Using the three screws kept lrorn the removal of the module, Insert a screw Into
each hole in the module. Insert the three Hex bolts and washers kept from the
removal ol the module. Tighten all screws and bolts to secure the module.
Rater to steps (6) to (10) at the wall mount procedure in Section 9.4.5 Mechanlml
Access for cover replacement details.
©1999 Etdcom Techmlogtss (1996) Limited $18 Issue A - January 1999
fir
A)
EXI CD M
m ”u A u” A l Condor Technical Manual Part2~ System Setup
17
System Setup
17.1
1 7.2
17.3
Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Condor. The operations described here should normally performed by qualified technicians
in a repair or service centre.
Identity Codes
In telephone mode, communication between the exchange and subscriber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake. Both terminals must therefore be set to the
same ident code before any bench testing or tield installation can begin.
Setting of ident codes is described in Section 6.1 of this manual.
Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Condor link before field installation. It assumes
that individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SR21o/310 and Condor Test Units Manuel).
Connect the subscriber and exchange terminals back to back via 100dB cl attenuation.
Coaxial T—connectors connected to the low power (output) side of the soda power
attenuators provide monitoring tor each transmitter in tum with modulation meter and
frequency counter.
This alignment gives the tollowing system levels:
Subscriber transmit 1kHz at OdBm ——> 3kHz deviation 1 10% --> exchange receive -3dBm
Exchange transmit 1kHz at »7dBm —-> 3kHz deviation 1 10% --> subscriber receive -
todBrn
©1995 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 174 Issue 1 » September 1995
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EXI CC! M
urnnnauu CondorTeemleul Manual Panl- UHFTmnsmiIlerTxpeZSSOam2957
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01999 Exdeom Technology: (1996) Limllad 9-20 Issue A -Januavy 1999
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m ynunu n l CondorTechnicei Manual Perm-5mm Setug
17.4 Transmitter Power Adjustment
To adjust the transmitter power, first remove the plastic hole cover underneath the
transmitter module. This gives access to power control adjustment FM in the transmitter.
17.5 Test and Alignment Aids
Four separate Test Units are manufactured to simplity test and alignment of the Condor
modules. They are intended for use by regional module repair centres. Field repair is on a
module replacement basis. The units are:
> Controller/Multiplexer Test Unit Type 2504
> Tx/Rx Test Unit Type 2501
> Subscriber interface Test Unit Type 2502
> Exchange Interface Test Unit Type 2503
The SR210/310 and Condor Test Unit Manual details alignment and test sequences to
allow a rapid return to service for the modulesu
In addition to Test Units an extender treble set is available (Type 2464). A set of cables
comprises one each oi 64-way, 50-wey, 24-way and 14-way extension cables and
connectors.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd w»: Issue i - September was
E X I C D M
l l. 1 e I: ~ A r I 0 ~ A l Condor Technical Manual Part 2 - System Setup
17.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (S -> E)
(1) Connect the modulation meter so that it measures deviation oi the subscriber terminal
transmitter,
(2) Connect a 6009 level meter to the 2-wire line connections of the exchange terminal.
This is best done across the gas discharge arrestor on the motherboard.
(3) Connect a 6009 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with frequency set to 1000Hz and level to OdBm,
(4) Adjust Five in the 2587 subscriber line interface to give approximately 2.5kHz
deviation for 25kHz channel spacing or 1.25kHz for 12.5kHz channel spacing,
(5) Adjust FtV4 in the 2586 exchange line interface, to give output of -3dBm on the level
meter,
(7) Reduce the input level by 20dB and check the frequency response is within +1 dB,
~4dB of the 1kHz level.
17.3.2 Exchange to Subscriber Alignment (E -> S)
(1) Connect the modulation meter to measure the deviation of the exchange terminal
transmitter,
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2-wire output of the subscriber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator to the 2-wire input of the exchange terminal with
frequency set to 1000Hz and level to -7dBm,
(4) Adjust FlV2 in the 2586 exchange line interface to give approximately 2.5kHz deviation
for 25kHz channel spacing or 1.25kHz for 12.5kHz channel spacing.
(5) Adjust nv1 In the 2587 subscriber line interface for an output level of -10dBm,
(6) Reduce the input level by 20dB and check for a frequency response, 300Hz to
3400Hz, of +1dB, -4dB relative to the level of 1 kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
for party line), This Dc current can produce errors in some audio test equipment
due to transformer core magnetisation.
(8) Connect a test telephone to the subscriber terminal and connect the exchange
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct call establishment in both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in 'Link Operation
Sequences' Section 3.6 of this manual.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 17-2 Issue 1 - September 1995
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u , r n u A 7 r o i. A t Condor Technical Manual Pan t - system Operation
3.6.3
(n) The controller returns to its sleep mode after completion oi time~out and loss at signal
valid.
Trunking Mode (Pin pairs 7 and 2 Linked on Controller)
Trunking Mode provides a transmitter hold period oi 500 milliseconds and in addition gives
a return audio path after activation from either end. The signalling channel provides a slow
(150 baud) data channel for the user in both directions.
Operation in trunking mode is as follows:
(a) Mvwire is grounded at the A terminal for a minimum of 25 milliseconds.
(is) Local terminal controller is awakened
(c) Local transmitter is powered and low FSK tone sent.
(d) Remote terminal detects signal valid and wakes its controller which observes low FSK
lone.
(e) Remote terminal litts its mutes, grounds E-wire. activates Its transmitter and returns
high FSK tone (assuming its M-wire is not active).
(f) At the local terminal, receipt of signal valid, indicates that the remote terminal
transmitter is active. The receive mute is released to establish the full 4-wlre audio
path (send and receive).
(9) Data may now be sent on the M~wire and received on the E-wire in either or both
directions. Release ol M-wire must be for less than 500 milliseconds or the link will
close down.
(h) At the and bi transmission M-wire is released at the local terminal (tor example) and
the FSK tone signals this to the remote terminal.
(I) Alter 500 milliseconds with no further M-wire activity both terminals close their mules
and proceed to power down. Noise tails are suppressed.
Failure Modes
Failure of the radio path in point to point mode will cause a loss of signal valid from the
receiver which will in turn activate the audio mutes and clear E-wire. The noise tail will not
be suppressed in this event and some spurious pulses may occur on the E wire output.
Alignment Mode (Pin pair a Linked on Controller)
When the controller is powered in align mode. the terminal will activate both transmitter
and reoeiver and release all audio mutes. FSK tones are not generated in this mode and
transmitter or receiver modules may be unplugged to disable them during tests as
required.
Once initiated. operan‘on is continuous until the pin pair 6 linking is removed or the terminal
is de-powered.
Note: For measurement purposes in align mode. transmitter deviation is reduced by up to
650Hz with 25kHz channel spacing. and up to 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel
spacing.
01995 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-9 Issue 3 — September 1996
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> VSWR:
The VSWFt display is derived from a dual directional coupler in the transmitter. High
VSWFt indicates that reflected power is a significant fraction of forward power. Thus
tor any condition of zero forward power a high VSWR will be indicated. This could
occur it for example a nus-tuned duplexer was used. The VSWFt indication remains
substantially constant for powers of 0.5W to 12W.
> Module temperature:
Here monitor access is provided to the thermal protection circuit in the transmitter.
Switch temperature threshold is 95°C,
01996 Exicom Technologies (l996) Ltd 3-1!
Issue 3 - September 1996
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EXICOM
l~1£w~Arro~At
3.7 Monitoring
Condor Technical Manual Port 1 - System Operation
The digital selector switch and toggle selector switch on the front panel of the controller
module allow various test points in the transmitter receiver and controller to be monitored.
The test points in the receiver and transmitter provide DC voltages in the range OV to 2.5v
while the controller monitoring measures audio levels which
front panel meter.
Monitor selection is as follows:
are rectified for display on the
fl
Digital Source Select Switch
Switch
Receiver Controller tr Transmitter
0 R55! (Signal Tx Audio Level Forward Power
strength) _|
1 Noise Voltage Tx Signalling Level VSWR
2 Lock Detect l Fix Audio Level Lock Detect
a Control Loop Volts th Si nailing Level Control Loop Volts
4 Widebend Audio Tx Audio Pro-inversion Auto Dev Control _|
5 Not used Fix Audio Pre-inversion Driver Output
6 AFC - Module Temp
7 Power Control -—~A- (+10V) Regulator
OIP
While the majority of monitoring readings are self evident and used mainly for tuning, there
are some measurements whid'i require further comment:
> Receiver Signal strength Indicator (RSSI):
This may be used in the field to opt
for duplexer tuning.
> Power Control:
imise alignment of antennas. it may also be used
The power control line is common to the transmitter and receiver and can be
monitored at the controller meter. The volta
setting. it is pulled low if excessive si
duplexer is mis—tuned), causing overl
> ”hi and Rx Audio Levels:
These points provide indication only when modulation is
audio path.
ge on this test position will vary with power
gnal levels are present at the receiver input (eg. if
oad detection within the receiver.
present on the appropriate
01996 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Ltd
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luvl'PlAYIalAA CondorTechrticllManualPan1~S m0erution
It‘ the remote terminal makes a reply but its ident code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver le LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
For a normal call, extinction of the M-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED, le LED and return
to receiver cycling do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
subscriber Terminating Cell
(1) The receiver power LED and th LED illuminate continuously, simultaneously with the
controller LED.
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(3) The E-wire LED flashes with ringing to the subscriber.
(4) When the subs comes oft hook, the M-wire LED illuminates, and the E-wire LED
extinguishes.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction of the M-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED, Rx LED and retum to receiver
cycting do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
3.8.4 Operation Sequences at the Exchange Terminal
Subscriber Terminating Call
(1) The M-wire LED llaahes with ringing.
(2) Simultaneously the controller LED Illuminates (continuous).
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) Alter a short delay the receiver Fix LED illuminates.
(5) The M-wire LED continues to flash with ringing. V
(e) The E-wire LED Illuminates when the subscribers line is looped.
(7) The M-wire LED is extinguished when the exchange recognises the line loop.
No further change occurs until the cell clears.
it the remote terminal failed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver Fix LED would remain off) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
if the remote terminal makes a reply but its ldent code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver le LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
It the subscriber does not answer. steps 6 and 7 do not occur.
Extinction of the E—wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED and Rx LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
01996 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-13 Issue a » September 1996
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E X I C D M
m n n it A 1 F 0 ~ A r Condor Technical Manual Pan 1 - SLstern Operation
3.8 Fault Identification
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
Note: M-wire LED reiers to D18 on the 2857 Subscriber Line Interface, D12 on the 2586
Exchange Lina Interface and D23 an the 2825 Line Interface.
E-wire LED refers to D1 on the 2825 Line Interface. The 2586 Exchange Line
intertace and the 2587 Subscriber Line lntertace have no E-wire LED indication.
LED Indicators in the Condor
The module front panel LEDs allow a degree of fault localisation to the module level.
The indications are as follows:
(1) Transmitter PWR LED - Indicates power on the 12V rail of the equipment and the
module.
(2) Transmitter Tx LED - Indicates transmitter active.
(3) Receiver PWR LED - Indicates receiver powered. This LED flashes at subs terminal in
idle condition and is continuous at exchange terminal.
(4) Receiver Rx LED - This indicates a valid signal is being received from the distant
transmitter.
(5) Controller uP LED - Indicates that processor is active.
(6) M-wire LED - Indicates that the line is looped at the subs terminal, or that rlnging is
being received at the exchange terminal.
(7) E-wire LED - Indicates that ringing is being sent at the subs terminal, or that the line is
looped towards the exchange at the exchange terminal.
Idle State
In the idle state the transmitter PWR LED and receiver PWR LED will be opereting - the
receiver PWR LED will be flashing at the subscriber terminal.
Operation Sequences at the Subscriber Terminal
subscriber Originating Call
(1) The M-wire LED illuminates, simultaneously with the controller LED.
(2) The receiver power LED illuminates continuously.
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) After a short delay the receiver Fix LED illuminates.
(5) The M-wire LED flashes for pulse dialling.
No Iurther change occurs until the call clears.
II the remote terminal Iailed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver Rx LED would remain off) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
91996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-12 Issue 3 - September 1995
EXI C D M
lurch-Afro ~AA Condor Technical Manual Part I - S stemo eran’an
3.9 Remote Testing
Remote testing utilises an unusual ring cadence to provide a test access to the radio link
circuit without alerting the subscriber or busying the exchange.
The Long Ring Test is initiated by sending a long burst of ringing (between 2.5 seconds
and 5 seconds) to the exchange terminal. The ringing is timed and it found to be of correct
length, the link sets up for the test (provided that the ident requirements have been met).
For the test the 4—wire and 2-wire audio paths are completed but the exchange is not DC
looped. Any tones generated by the radio link are returned to the accessing telephone test
desk. The test continues for 20 seconds to allow evaluation of the link. Should the
subscriber intrude by looping the line the test is immediately discontinued and dial tone will
be returned to the subscriber without a further ident sequence.
The Long Fling Test can also be used where the radio link is connected to an exchange
via a microwave tmnk network by grounding M-wire tor 4 seconds (sending ringing) and
observing the receive 4-wire path to listen for tones. This only applies when the 2825 Line
Interface is used.
Tone pips generated by the link are as follows:
> Single pip every five seconds indicates low battery voltage (approx 11V). The link will
continue to operate tor a further drop of 1-2 volts.
> Double pip every tlve seconds indicates a transmitter SWR tault. The SWR required to
trip the alarm tones is adjustable within the transmltter module. The factory setting oi
3.0:1 is recommended since the duplexer tends to reduce the antenna SWFI seen at
the transmitter port.
> Triple pip every five seconds indicates that receiver signal to noise ratio is only 10:13
or less above the signal valid margin at which the link will trip out. The signal to noise
is typically code at this point and the higher receiver noise level will be audible.
The pitch of the tone pips determines their source since the subscriber terminal signals
with 500Hz tones and the exchange terminal uses 2000Hz tones. Since the tones are
injected into the 4-wire path they may be heard at both ends at the link. The telephone test
desk can thus ascertain the likely source and nature of the fault belore despatching repair
servrces.
It the link fails to set up correme (ag. ident leilure or subscriber terminal tault) then the
exchange terminal returns a one second noise burst (from its receiver) to the test operator
before clearing down. Should the battery supply at the exchange terminal be too low
(<9.5V), the terminal will not lunction at all. Testing with an inertial test set will show the
presence oi a tuF ringer capacitor it the line connection to the exchange terminal is
complete. The alarm tone pips are sequential so that multiple alarms may be identified.
The subscriber terminal generates a local busy tone it the link tails tor any reason while
the subscriber line is looped, and this disables all pip tones. The subscriber transmitter
turns off when this occurs.
01996 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-15 Issue 3 ~ September 1996
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E X I C D M
, u u n n A r r a u A A Condor Techmoal Manual Part 1 - SElem OEraiion
Subscriber Originating call
(1) The receiver Fix LED illuminates. simultaneously with the controller LED‘
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(3) The E-wire LED illuminates as the exchange line is looped.
(4) The E-wire LED flashes with subscriber pulse dialling.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction oi the E-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED and fix LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
mass Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 344 Issue 3 - September 1996
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System Setup
4.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Condor. It should be read in oonlunctton with the Condor Installation Guide. The
operations described here should normally performed by qualified technicians in a repair
or service centre.
4.2 Identity Codes
In telephone mode. communication between the exchange and subscriber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake Both terminals must therefore be set to the
same ident code before any bench testing or field Installation can begin.
Setting oi ident codes is described in the Section 8.1 of this manual.
4.3 Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Condor link before field Installation. It assumes
that individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SR21 01310 and Condor Test Units Manual).
Equipment is arranged as described In the Condor Installation Guide, Appendix 2, with the
addition of a modulation meter and coaxial T—ccnnectcrs to allow checking of transmitter
deviation. The modulation meter is connected at the low power (output) side of the (was
power attenuators. A digital voltmeter (AC. RMS) is used for setting lIne Interface voltages.
This alignment gives the following system levels:
> Subscriber trensmlt 1kHz at OdBm —-> 1.5kHz/3kHz deviation' 1 10% -> exchange
receive -3dBm
> Exchange transmit tkHz at -7dBm —~> 1.5kHz/3kl-Iz deviation' 1: 1056 --> subscriber
receive <1 OdBm
‘ Dependent on 12.5I25kHz channel spacing. Refertc Section 2.1, Spota'tlcallons.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1995) Ltd 4-| Is” 1 ~ September 1996
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E X I C D M
m 1 s n u A r r a n A A Condor Technical Manual Fun I - System Ogeration
5kHz Deviation
Peak Maximum
3400
Input
Frequency
300
Modulating Frequency (Hz)
DMg. No. 504-0551-0
Flyum 3.1 Mutilation Plan forExIcom Condornmfio Link
©1996 Exicom Technologies 11996) le 3-16 lane 3 - Smamber 1996
EXICDM .
rursrrrtnrrorlAl. CondorTeohnicelManuelPern-Controller
Controller Type 2737
6.1 Llnklng Arrangements
On the Controller PCB there are two parallel rows of seven connector pins, comprising
PL2, the Ident pins adjacent to pins 1 to 7 of the microprocessor. The outer row oi pins is
connected to 0V and insertion ct bridging shunts between the two rows selects the type of
link operation periorrned. Pins are numbered from the top of the board downwards.
6.1.1 Telephone Use
Pin pairs 1 to 5 are linked as desired to select the link ident code. The same selection
must be made at both Subscriber and Exchange ends oi each link There are 32 distinct
codes available.
Note: Pin pairs 6 and 7 must be left unlinked.
Recommended Standard Format For Ident Codes
If the Controller printed circuit board is viewed lrom the component side with the front
panel to the left, the Ident Plns are immediately to the left 01 the microprocessor. The
required ldent code can be selected by strapping the pins according to the following table.
01996 Exicom Technologies 11996) le 6-1 Issue 2 - September 1996
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E x r c: a M A
m r e n u A r r n n A . Condor Technical Manual Pant - swam Setup
4.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (s —> E)
4.3.2
(1) Connect the modUIation meter so that it measures deviation of the subscriber terminal
transmitter.
(2) Connect a 6009 level meter to the 2-wire line connections of the exchange terminal.
This is best done across the gas discharge arrestor on the motherboard,
(3) Connect a 5000 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with frequency set to 1000Hz and level to OdBm. Connect a digital voltmeter
(2VAC) between TP1 and TP3 on the Line interface PCB,
(4) Adjust FIVE (T x level) in the line interface to give 500mv AC on the DVM. This should
correspond to 1.5kHz/3kHz : 107° deviation' on the modulation meter,
(5) In the exchange Iarminal, connect the DVM between TPS and TP4. Adjust RVs (gain
trim) in the line interface for a reading of 500mv AC on the DVM,
(6) Adjust HV1 (Fix level) to give an output of -3dBm on the level meter.
(7) Reduce the input level to -20dBm and check the frequency response is within +1dB, -
4dB of the 1kHz level.
Exchange to Subscriber Alignment (E —> S)
(1) To align the exchange/subscriber circuit, connect the modulation meter to measure the
deviation of the exchange terminal transmitter,
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2-wire output of the subscriber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator to the 2-wire input of the exchange terminal with
frequency eat to iOODHz and level to -7dBm. Connect the digital voltmeter between
TP1 and TPa on the exchange Interface PCB,
(4) Adjust RVZ (T x level) In the line interface to give 500mV AC on the DVM. This should
correspond to ftfikHz/akHz z 10% deviation' on the modulation meter,
(5) In the subscriber terminal, connect the DVM between TPs and TP4. Adjust FtV3 (gain
trim) in the line interface for a reading at SOOmV Ac on the DVM.
(6) Adjust RV1 (Rx level) to give an output of -10dBm on the level meter,
(7) Reduce the input level to —27dBm and check for a frequency response, BDOHz to
mom, of +1dB, -4dB relative to the level of 1kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
for party line). This Dc current can produce errors in some audio test
equipment due to transformer core magnetisation.
(5) Connect a test telephone to the subscriber terrnlnai and connect the exchange
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct eell establishment in both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in “Link Operation
Sequences" Section 3.6 of this manual.
‘ Dependant on 12.5!25kHz channel spacing. Helerto Sectlon 2.1. Specifications
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-2 last. 1 - September 1996
EXI C D M
immune n r. Condor Techan ManuaiFarti -Controller
5.1.2 Point-to-Point Linking Mode
Pin pair 7 must be linked to select any point-to-poini linking mode operation - see linking
arrangements above. in this mode, Fin Pairs 1 to 5 cease to provide an ident code, but are
used to select the point-to-point mode at operation.
Basic Point to Point:
Pin pair 7 linked, pin pair 1 and 2 unlinked.
In this mode there is no hold period for the transmitter. It closes down immediately after M-
wire is released. The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to avoid noise tail.
Operation of the forward and return signal paths is independent. Each signal path is
established by grounding its M-wire.
Point to Point Options:
Pin pair 7 linked and other pin pairs linked will select the operation format from a number
of options as follows.
250mS Tx Hold Period
Pin Pair 1 - this selects the basic point-to-point mode (remember that pin pair 7 is also
linked) but with a transmitter hold period of 250 milliseconds after M-wlre release.
Telemetry signalling may be sent on M wire in this mode, but the return path E-wire is not
activated unless the remote M-wire is grounded or is retuming telemetry signals.
Trunking Mode
Pin Pair 2 - this selects a trunking mode which establishes a full 4-wire trunk (send and
receive audio paths) on grounding of either M-wire for greater than 15 milliseconds.
Once activated. the link provides Mmire into E-wire out signalling at up to 150 baud in
both directions as an out of band data channel. Release of M-wire (at both ends of the
link) tor greater than 500 milliseconds will cause the transmitter to close down and return
the system to its idle condition. The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to
avoid noise tail.
Trunking mode allows the link to be used for interconnection of exchanges (as a both
ways trunk) whilst maintaining a low power drain in the idle situation. The mode is also
useful ior continuous telemetry up to 150 baud using the E and M wires whilst the audio
path is used for independent DTMF signalling telephone service. No modems or external
filter are required.
Disabled Alarm Tones
Pin Pair 4 - this disables the alarm pip tones where the link is used for data transmission
and internal tones could interfere with the service.
01995 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-3 last. 2 ' September 1996
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01996 Elbom Technologist (1996) Ltd M Issue 1 - Ssptnmbev |896
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6.2.1
E x I c o M .
MW
6.2. Circuit Description
Audio and Signalling Section
Transmit Path
The transmit audio signal enters the Controller board on pins 25/56 and feeds a pre-
emphasis amplifier/clipper comprising one oplamp from |c1, transistors TR1 and TR2 and
the RC feedback network R4, C4. The output on pin 1 leads a second stage of
amplification using the other op. amp from |01, and a high level clipper stage TR3, TR4,
D1 and R9.
The output on pin 7 feeds the switched-capacitor filter ICZ which runs at a 333kHz clock
rate and tailors the response of the audio to cut off at 3.4kHz. Switching frequencies are
removed by a ioilowing RC network. and the band limited audio signal is then input to one
of the transmission gate pairs ice. Together I03 and IC4 comprise a modulator which
provides frequency band inversion
The modulator output is filtered by ICS to remove unwanted sidebands, filtering of the FSK
tones is accomplished by dual LC circuits (L1, L2). The relative speech and signalling
deviations are set by the ratio of resistors R29 and R32. Both signals can be selected for
monitoring on the front panel meter.
Receive Path
The receive input on pin 44 is not de—emphasised and is immediately split into two
separate paths: signalling and audio filtering. The audio path is first passed through the
impedance matching circuit of IC7 which provides a small degree of amplification prior to
the FSK notch filter, L3. and Its associated components. The notch removes much of the
received signalling tone energy from the audio path before active filtering stage ice. The
receive audio than feeds Into the second transmission gate pair fee which together with
IC4 provides the demodulation function to restore the voice frequency band. Active filtering
is provided by switched capacitor filter ic9 whose 333kHz clock is gated to provide the
audio mute function. The recovered audio signal is mixed with alarm tones via R56 and
then de—emphasis is carried out at lC10 before the final signal is output to the line
interface.
The signalling tone path is via a Q-muitiplier circuit consisting of the two op. amps in ten
which form active band pass filters centred at FSK frequency. Test points are provided for
alignment (T P5 and TP6). Filtered FSK tones are fed to the third transmission gate pair in
ice where a frequency translation to BDOHz occurs. FSK centre frequency is 4.0kHz.
Receive FSK translation clock is 3.2kHz. The second op. amp of lC7 is the companion
stage for this modulator, the output at pin 7 being filtered by a two stage RC network to
remove switching noise and as much oi the unwanted upper sideband frequencies as
possible before feeding to the input of lot 2, the FSK decoder.
l012 is an XR2211 phase locked loop FSK decoder. Its centre frequency is determined by
CS7. R79 and RV3, the latter being adjustable for fine tuning. Detected date is output on
pin 7 and s of I012 and feeds the microprocessor directly. TF7 allows test access to this
signal.
01996 Exl'com Technologies (1996i Ltd 65 lssueZ - September 1996
EXI CD M
mnmutnuu CondorTedinicalMenuaiParti-Controller
6.3 Alignment
The 2737 module contains static sensitive devices. Do not attempt service or
alignment except at a static free work station.
Any failure of 8 Controller module in the field should be cleared by module
replacement and the laulty unit repaired and aligned at an appropriately
equipped service centre.
CAUTION Full alignment and testing of a Controller requires a Controller/Multiplexer Test
Unit type 2504 with associated measuring equipment. The procedures are
tully described in the Test Unit Manual.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd $8 Issue 2 ~ September 1996
EXI COM
lNY‘lN‘Y‘alAi CondorTeohnicaiManualPartt-Controllar
Logic
> Watchdog. Resetting of the processor lC16 is accomplished by a combined
reset/watchdog circuit comprising two gates of lC17 and associated components.
C104, TFi10, R131. R138. C102 and 0103. At switch on, the RC time constant of
R131 and C103 keeps ICt7 pin 10 low and therefore pin 8 high to provide an
extended processor reset pulse. R135 and C102 with the other gate. pin 11, constitute
an oscillator. When pin 11 (and pin 9) goes high for the first time after 0103 has
charged to the gate threshold at pin 10, pin 8 goes low and the processor starts.
With the processor functioning normally the output of IC16 pin 13 is high with low
going pulses every millisecond. These pulses activate TR1O to prevent 0102 from
recharging. thus maintaining the gate output in a high state. It for any reason the
pulses from the processor stop being generated. 0102 will charge up to gate
threshold, pin 11 will go low and the processor will be reset.
> Microprocessor. After reset the processor first initialises the V0 device, IC22, and the
programmable timers lC20 and 1021. It then reads inputs from other modules in the
rack via l022, the ident links and FSK input pin 10.
Processor outputs are written to l022 via the bus. The processor also outputs an
Audio Mute control signal, an Audio Power control signal which also gates the master
clock to the timers, the Alarm pip tones. and the Transmit Data all of which are used
on board. FSK tones and all the clock frequencies are generated by the two timer Ic‘s,
i020 and IC21. under processor control.
> Input/Output. All l/O lines are controlled by the programmable 82055 device, 1022,
which is organised into two B-blt ports and one spilt 4+4 bit port. The 12 input lines to
port-A and upper port-C are buffered by lczs and IC24, which carry out a CMOS-TI‘L
conversion. The 12 output lines from port-B and lower port-C control I025 and IC26,
Darlington transistor arrays, which drive all off-board circuits.
All board inputs and outputs are "active low" or open collector with pull-up resistors on
the destination board. This allows modules to be removed from the rackireme with
minimum interaction.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-7 Issue 2 - September 1996

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Create Date                     : 2001:07:01 10:38:51
Producer                        : Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Windows
Author                          : VicodinES /CB /TNN
Title                           : 28899.pdf
Modify Date                     : 2001:07:01 10:39:24-04:00
Page Count                      : 55

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