Exicom 2950-5 User Manual 28889

Exicom Limited 28889

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Date Submitted	1999-03-25 00:00:00
Date Available	1999-04-26 00:00:00
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EXI C 0 M
H4 1- 5 u u A r r a ~ A t Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmltter HE 2950 and 2957
UHF Transmitter Type 2950 & 2957
9.1 Introduction
The transmitter is synthesiser driven and direct frequency modulated.
Minimal audio processing occurs in the transmitter module. it is intended that this
takes place in the Type 2737 Controller Module.
The UHF Transmitter module contains semi-conductor
components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage.
A Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and
transponed inside electrically conductive statlc shielding
bags. Repair work on the modules should be performed at
“electrostaticelly safe work stations" where the work bench
surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to
reventth build u of harmt lelectrostatic char es.
CAUTION ° ° " “ g
The RF devices used in the transmitter module (for example,
the RF Power output module) may contain beryllium dioxide.
These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or
tampered with in any way. and should be disposed of in a
sale manner as speciﬁed in local environmental and safety
Iegislatlon. ll safe disposal is a problem. they should be
sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exioom
for disposal. In this case. it is the senders' responsibility to
C AUTlON enzure that all precautions are taken to ensure sate delivery
to xicom.
©1999 Exlcom Technologies (1596) Limited 9-1 Issue A - Jarwary 1999
25)
E X I C O M
in r r n u A fr 0 n u A Condor Technical Manual Part I» UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.2 Sﬁitications
Transmitter Type Synthesised with direct lrequency modulation ‘
Synthesieer Step Size 5 kHz or 6.25 kHz '
Frequency Bands (MHz)
Module No.: Tx 2957 335—356
Tx 2950
Output Impedance
380-403,403423, 410-430, 430450, 450-470
470-490, 480600, 490-512
500
RF Output Power 1-15 W < 470 MHZ, 1-13 W > 470 MHz
RF Power Regulation
Over specified bandwidth 1 0.5 dB
With Supply Voltage 1; 1 dB for 10.6 VDc to 15.5 Vm
With Temperature 11 dB ior -30 “C to +55 “C
Duty Cycle 10096 lrom -30 “C to +55 °C up to an altitude 01 ﬂ
3000 m
Frequency Stability ti .0 ppm irom -30 “C to +55 “C and with a supply
voltage of 10.6 VDc to 15.5 Vac
§gurious Outgute < 0.25 W (—36 dBm) mm 100 kHz to 4 GHz
Ad|oeent Channel Power <-25 dBm for 25 kHz Channel Spacing
<-1B dBm for 12.5kHz Channel Spacing
VSWR Protection Wlthstends VSWR qt 20:1 at any Qhase angle
Thermal Protection Integral. RF output power automatically reduced
when module heatsink temperature reaches 95
°c t 5 “C
Modulation Direct frequency modulation
Distortion <1.0% at 3 kHz deviation weighted
leetlorl Adjustable 1.5 kHz to 5 kHz
Modulation my impedance
HI "Z" (36 kg) dlfferential input
Modulation Igut
775 me
Audio Frequency Response
10.3 68 from 300 Hz to 8.2 kHz with DC response
option
Hum and Noise >39 03 unweighted wide band
>45 dB unweighted narrow band
Transmitter Switching 21 MHz ior 335 to 356 MHz band
Bandwidth 23 MHz lor 38010 403 MHz band
20 MHz lo! 403 to 512 MHz band
Note: frequency changes greater than 11.5 MHz i
will require resetting of the VCO centre frequency. '
Residual AM <0.5%
Carrier Leakage <-65 dBm
©1909 Exiwn Technologies (1996) Limited 9-2 Issue A - January 1999
é)?
E X I C D M
m r r ii i: A r l a ~ 4 L Condor Technical Manual Fart 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
Environmental Operates within -30 °C to +55 “0, up to 95%
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
relative humidity, noncondensing
Operational Voltage Flange 10.6 Vac to 15.5 Vg ‘
, Maximum DC Supply Current Standby, non»last key configuration 15 mA
it 13-8 VDC input Standby, Fast Key configuration 110 mA 1
. ﬁ————t
(Typical measurements only) Tx keyed, 1 Watt output from i
Duplexer (approx. 1.3 W from Tx) 12 A
Tx keyed, 10 Watts output from f
Duplexer (approx. 13 W from Tx) 3.0 A ‘
Maximum T" key “P “hf Non-fast key configuration 100 ms
(Typical measurements only) Fast Key configuration 3.0 ms
Circuit Description
The following section provides a detailed description of the operation of the circuit.
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Modulator
& The transmitter VCO is NOT field serviceable. Repairing and
testing of the VCO Is best done in the factory.
CAUTION
The VCO contains the resonator. oscillator and frequency control varicap. in a factory—
enclosed assembly. The VCO is luneable via a trimmer that is accessible through the
top oi the shield.
Frequency Synthesiser Circuitry
When the transmitter is powered—up, the three parallel to serial converters, U303,
U304 and uses receive inputs from the DIP switch sweet and the Hexadecimal
lrequency select switches, swam, SW303 and SW304. The DiP switch sets the
frequency band of the transmitter, and the other three switches select the channel the
transmitter is tuned too. Refer to Section 9.4 lor further details.
These parallel inputs are fed or “clocked‘ serially to pin 12 of the microcontroller U302.
The twenty-four clock pulses required by U303, U304 and U305 are generated by
U302,
The channel spacing is set to 5 kHz if R305 is fitt_ed; otherwise, the default setting is
625 kHz. U302 uses this input and the data it receives on pin 12 to derive the
frequency data sent to the Phase Locked Loop IC U307. U307 compares the output
from the VCO on pin 8 with the TCXO signal on pin 1 to derive the VCO control signal,
which it outputs on pin 5. The signal is then filtered by the loop filter operational
ampliﬁer U308. The output signal from the filter. VCOTUNE, controls the VCO and
can be monitored on TP301.
' Delay from “key up" signal input to 50% power present at the RF output connector
©1999 Exicom Temnologms 11996) Limited 9-3 Issue A - January 1999
E XI C 0 M
W r z n n A r r a v A r. Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.3.8
9.3.7
9.3.8
U307 also sends status Information from pin 7 to U302, which Indicates whether U307
has successfully “locked" to the required frequency. When U307 has achieved
frequency lock, U302 takes pin 17 low. The output from pin 17 is the LOCK_DET
signal; this can be monitored on TP403.
Figure 9.2 shows the location of R305 on the module PCB.
Reference Oscillator
This comprises a 9.60 MHz TCXO. A trimmer on the TCXO can be adjusted so that
the TCXO provides exactly 9.600000 MHz.
VGO Supply
U401 is a switching regulator that inverts its supply voltage when used with 0405 end
0407. This voltage is applied to bias the VCO and the audio stage.
Audio Line Input and Level Control
Balanced audio input of 775 mvm. (for nominal deviation) is applied to pins 8 and 20
(SK101) which is protected against Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) by the inductor
capacitor filters (L106, L107 and C125, C126, 0128 and 0129). This signal is applied
to U1010, which provides common mode rejection against external hum and noise at
the two-wire Ilne input. This voltage may be monitored at TP102 and TP104.
The test point TP107 may be used for fault tracing, with an oscilloscope. A 775 mvm
sinewave at this point should cause 3 kHz of FM deviation.
Audio limiting and filtering is external to the transmitter.
RF Driver
0501 a dual gate FE'l' and 0502 form a broad band RF amplifier with 30 dB gain and
400 mW output capability. Gate 2 of 0501 regulates the transmitter output power by
adjusting me stage gain.
The input to 0501 is via C501, L508 and L501. These components form an
impedance matching network; similar matching is used between 0501 and 0502.
Output matching to 50 o is performed by a modified pi network C523, 0527, 0523
and L509. All of these networks are relatively low 0 giving 1dB bandwidths of at least
40 MHz at UHF frequencies.
RF Power Amplifier
The power ampliﬁer consists of a broad band hybrid power module. RF drive is fed to
the power amplifier via a coaxial cable. U601 is supplied with 10 V on pin 2 and 12 V
on pins 3 and 4. Thermal protection is given by U653 (relerto Section 9.3.11).
Dual Directional Coupler
Output of the power amplifier module is fed via a low pass elliptical finer to the dual
directional coupler. This provides sample voltages for forward and reflected power,
which are used to give an indication of the VSWFl of the transmitter load. The toward
power voltage is also used in the power control loop to keep the transmitter output
power constant.
crass En'com Technologies (was) leited 94 ' Issue A ~ January 1999
a;
EXICDM
rursllrl
9.3.9
9.3.10
9.3.1 1
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.3.1 4
A r , o u A t Corner Technical Manual Part 1. UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
High Pass Filtering
The RF output from the power amplifier module is also fed to an absorptive high pass
elliptical filter. This keeps the harmonic energy to a minimum.
RF Power Output Control
Voltage from the forward power port of the dual directional coupler feeds the constant
output power loop. The loop consists of UTDZB and 0501 with FlV701 enabling the
transmitter output power to be adjusted from 1 W to 15 W.
As the voltage at the forward power port of the dual directional coupler increases. the
voltage on Gate 2 of 0501 is reduced by the control loop and so the transmitter output
power is reduced (and vice versa). This keeps the output power constant for supply
voltage variations.
By grounding the base of 0702 through D710 at pin 5 of the rear panel socket (thus
interrupting the constant power loop), the power output can be reduced externally,
e.g. from the receiver module when the receiver is overloaded.
Thermal Protection of the RF Power Amplifier Module
U653 ls mounted on the flange of U601 and Increases its output voltage at a rate of
10 mV/‘C. When its output reaches 950mV (indicating a heatslnk temperature of
95°C); it turns 0701 on, which reduces 0702 emitter voltage. This controls the
operation of the output power control loop reducing the power output of the transmitter
until theme! equilibrium is reached.
VSWFI Alarm
The forward and reflected power voltages from the dual directional coupler are fed to
a differential amplifier U702/A via two logarithmic elements contained in D703. The
output of U702/A is thus a function of VSWR and is fed to the monitor. 0704 switches
the VSWR ALARM and its threshold is set by RW02.
Audio and Synthesiser Power Supply
This 10 V supply is based on U152, which uses a 4 V reference, set up by R151 and
R152. This is compared to a feedback voltage and varies the conduction of 0152 via
0151 to maintain 10 V. U151 is an unsw'rtched 8 V regulator which supplies U15ZB
and the 4 V reference. U152A is switched on at Tx power up and may be permanently
powered up by the “fast key" shunt PL151. This provides for faster Tx activation as the
synthesiser is maintained powered on and in a locked state.
RF Power Supply
This 10 V supply has the same operation as the audio and synthesiser power supply.
It is only switched on when the synthesiser is locked and the transmitter enabled,
being switched via R655 by a low on the RF_EN line. 0652 is able to supply the
higher current demands of pin 2 of U601 and the driver stage.
D603, a red LED on the module front panel. indicates when the RF power supply is
enabled. This only occurs when synthesiser lock is established and the Tx‘key line is
pulled low. The LED may flicker at turn on as the power supply settles.
©1999 Exicom Technologies mass) Limited ’ m ‘ 9-5 IssueA - January 1999
EXI C 0 M
u r r it ~ A 71 n u a t Comor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
9.3.15 Monitor Facilities
9.4
9.4.1
Eight monitor inputs are examined with the aid at a 1 ol 8 analogue multiplexer U701.
Any one ol these eight inputs may be selected to be connected to the controller via
rear plug pins 2, 3. 13 and 14.
The outputs can be read on the Type 2737 Controller module (see Section 6), or the
level meter on the Test Unit Type 2501.
The analogue monitor outputs. their binary coded decimal number designation and
associated pins on U701 are shown below.
Decimal No. Function Pin No. on U101 ii
’_ 0 Forward Power 13
1 VSWR 14
2 Lock Detect 15
3 Control Loop Voltage 12
4 0 V 1
5 Driver Output _¥ 5
6 Module Temp 2
7 +10 V Regulator Output 4
Transmitter Frequency Selection
General
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal switches (SW302.
SW303 and SW304) accessed through holes In the transmitter shroud. Figure 9.1
shows the position of the switches.
DIP Switch SW301 ls used to select the operational RF band. Note that SW301 is pre-
set at time of manufacture and should not adjusted unless to resolve incorrect
selection. SW301 can only be accessed with the shroud removed.
Reler to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 ior shroud removal details.
Note: The selected transmit frequencies are restricted to those with 5 kHz or 6.25
kHz synthesiser increments. ll R305 is M to the module PCB, the
synthesiser step size will be 5 kHz. othemise the synthesiser mep size is 6.25
kHz (default). Figure 9.2 shows the location of R305 on the module PCB.
01999 Exicom Tearnolcgis (1996) Limited 5-6 Issue A - January 1999
E XI C U M
w r r n n A rt 0 u A t Condor Technical Manual Part 1— UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
DIP switch swam RF band selection chan
RFBand Posltion Position Position Position Position Petition Position Position
(MHz) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
450-470 ON ON ON ON l ON ON
ON ON ON ‘ OFF OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON ON ON
OFF | OFF
490—512 ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF
A B C D
BM]. Ne. W
Figure 9.1: FrequencySeiecﬂan Switwas
K”
A SW301 (located inside module shroud)
B SW304 (Most Significant Bit)
0 swaoa
D SW302 (Least Significant Bit)
' Module type 2957. ulnar RF bands refer to module type 2950 only,
armamieénnologié7issstlmilaa "' "9-7 ' ,,__ 7' EsEA»January1999
EXI GD M
rurnnniauu CoriderTechnlcal MenuaIPert 1- UHF TunamitterTypezssoand2957
9.4.2
ﬂgﬂgawm
murmur-amt”
IQIQEIIZI
Dlwn. Na, mm:
Figure 9.2: Posih'on 0! Tx module synthesise! increment setting resistor R305
Frequency Selection Procedure
The transmitter frequencies are selected using three Hexadecimal switches (SW302,
swaos, and SW304).
Frequency selection can be determined using one of two methods:
> Determine the Hexadecimal switch settings for any specified frequency
(Conversion of given Frequency to Hexadecimal number),
> Calculate the operating frequency from given Hexadecimal switch settings
(Conversion of given Hexadecimal number to required Frequency)
Determining Hexadecimal Switch Settings For A Given Frequency
The correct hexadecimal (base 16) switch setting to obtain a required frequency is
calculated as follows.
Required freq. (MHz) - start freq. (MHz)
I Switch Settlng = Hex
Synthesiser Step Size (MHz)
Example:
Start trequency - 450.000 MHz (450 to 470 MHz band transmitter)
Required frequency = 465.750 MHz
Synthesiser Step Size = 6.25 kHz
Step t
Calculate Decimal Number (base 10)
465.750 - 450.0
0.00625
This number represents the total number of 625 kHz steps above the start frequency
necessary to achieve the required transmit frequency.
- 2520
©1999 Exicom technologies (1996) Limited 9-8 Issue A ~ Janulry 1999
E X I C 0 M
w v s n n A n 1: ~ . t Condor Technical Manual Part ‘i- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
Step 2
Convert 2520 to a hexadecimal number to suit the frequency selection switches:
2520 -.~ 256 = 9.84375.
9 is a whole number so this is the correct setting for SW304 (MSB)
Step 3
Multiply the remainder (0.84375) by 256 - 216.
216 $18 - 13.5.
13 is a whole number, use the table below to convert 13 to the correct Hexadecimal
setting.
‘Hexbigao1234ss7l89lABanF
Number 0 1 2 a 4 5 s 7 la 9 lto|11 12|1a 1415
D is the correct setting for SW303.
Step4
Multiply the remainder (0.50) by 16 = 8.
8 is a whole number so this is the correct setting for SW302 (LSB)
Note: if the final figure is not a whole digit you have made an error in your
calculations. or you have attempted to set a frequency which is not in the 5.0 or 6.25
kHz channel spacing band plan, and therefore not allowable.
Conversion complete 2520 = 908 Hexadecimal (base 16)
This setting of the Hexadecimal Switches will produce the required frequency of
455.750 MHz for a transmitter in the 450 - 470MH1 band with 6.25 kHz channel
spacing
9.4.3 Calculate the operatlng frequency for given Hexadecimal switch settings
To convert the hexadecimal (base 16) switch settings to a decimal number (base 10).
convert each setting to a number between 0 and 15 usingthe chart below:
{Hexbigno1za4ss7seAacuEF
0123456739101112131415
l Number
using the gme examgie as in Sﬂ'gn g.4.2 above:
Switch setting 908 can be convened as follows:
From the table above, 9 = 9. D = 13 and 8 - 8
Step 1
Multiply the most significant number by 256:
9 x 256 = 2304.
©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-9 issue A - January 1999
a“
EXICOM
l n r r n u ‘ ri e u A A Condor Teonniml Manual Pan 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
step 2
Multiply the middle number by 16:
13 x 16 - 208.
Step 3
9.4.4
Add the least significant number to the two numbers above:
8 + 208 + 2304 - 2520
908 Hexadecimal = 2520 in decimal.
step 4
Convert 2520 into the actual operating frequency using the following formula:
F - ﬁnch setting (decimal) g fmugngy increment size + ﬁn trgggengy
As mentioned earlier, frequency increment size is either 5.0 kHz or 625 kHz (default).
The start frequency can be read from the module handle label.
Assuming an increment size of 6.25 kHz, 2520 can be converted thus:
(2520 x 6.25 kHz) + 450 MHz - 15.750 MHz + 450 MHz - 465.750 MHz.
voo Centre Frequency Adjustment
When changing the transmit frequency by more than 11.5 MHz it will be necessary to
reset the VCO centre frequency. The adjustment, 0202. can only be amassed with
the transmit module's shroud removed.
Refer to Sections 9.4.5 and 9.6.2 for shroud removal details.
Connect an RF power meter and a 50 Ohm load to the module’s RF output,
Use a cable extender (available from Exioom) to connect the module's rear connector
(SK101) to the Condor link.
Using a multimeter, set to DC volts, monitor between ground and the “Loop Volts" test
point TP301 (located adjacent to the fomard power adjustment RV701).
With the frequency selection switches set to the desired frequency, key the
transmitter. Adjust the variable capacitor 0202 (aooessible through the VCO cover)
until the transmitter produces forward power, Ad]ust C202 so that
> 5 volts is measured on TP301 g
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a maximum value (tuned frequency is at
the lower end of the transmitter module's frequency capability) g
> the voltage measured on TP301 reaches a minimum value (tuned frequency is at
the upper end of the transmitter module’s frequency capability).
©1999 Exioom Technologies (1996) Limited em ’ Issue A - January 1999
M2”
ianIHAYIO
~ A l Conmr Technical Manual PM 1- UHF Transmitter Tm 2950 and 2957
9.4.5 Mechanical Access To The Transmitter Module
Turn oif the power supply to the terminal. remove the terminal trom the wall, and
separate the terminal from all cabling, including the antenna cable.
Lay the terminal on a flat surlaoe. with the base plate uppermost.
2 Remove the three screws complete with washers at the bottom oi the terminal
(see Figure 9.3) and store them in a sale place.
3 Remove the three screws located at the top of the chassis and store them in a
safe place.
4 Turn the terminal over so that the cover Is now uppermost and lift the cover oft
the terminal.
Wmmmm“) Dong. Nam-2
Figure 9.3: WellMoum CoverRemcvaI
5 Perform any electrical adjustments as required. See Sections 9.4.2 and 9.4.3.
6 Replace the cover over the chassis then lay the terminal on a ﬂat surface with the
chassis uppermost
7 Replace and tighten each of the screws complete with washers removed In step
(2)
8 Replace and tighten each 01 the three screws removed In step (a).
9 Connect the terminal to the cabling, and fit the terminal into position on the wall.
10 Apply power to the terminal.
©1999 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Limited 9-11 Issue A - January 1999
E X I C O M
i u r: n u A r I a v A r. Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter ngser and 2957
9.5 Transmitter Output Power Adjustment
9.5.1 General
The transmitter output power is adjusted using a multi-tum potentiometer in the
transmitter module. Rotating the potentiometer in a clockwise direction increases the
power and rotating In an anti-clockwise direction decreases the power. The
potentiometer is adjusted through a hole on the right hand side of the module shroud
(see Figure 9.4).
urn-r
BM. Nov M174
ﬁgure 84: Transmitter Module Power Adusiment
To adjust the output power of a transmitter module in a wall mount terminal, proceed
as iollows:
1. Transmitter output power can be adlusted without removing the cover. Leave all
cabling connected and lift terminal oil the well.
2. Activate the terminal.
3. identity the hole on the underside of the terminal through which the potentiometer
can be adjusted .
4. Using a suitable screwdriver. adjust the potentiometer as required. Check the
transmitter output power using an in—Iine RF Wattmeter in the antenna feeder.
5. After re-calibrating the transmitter. replace the terminal on the wall Ensure that
all cables are connected and secure.
6. Perform a linal check on the terminal to ensure correct operation.
01999§xioom Teennorogiesmse) limited " 9.12 ' ‘ ‘lssue'A-January 1999
EXI CD M
inruuna m l Condor Technical Manual Part i- UHF Transmitter Txpe 2950 and 2957
9.6
9.6.1
9.8.2
Transmitter Alignment Procedure
Test Equipment Required
VVVVVV
Exicom Test Unit Type 2501 ,
Communications Test Set with 600 Q Adapter.
Modulation meter,
1 GHz Frequency oounler.
RF Power Meter, e.g. Bird 43 Thruline or equivalent, with 250 and 250 elements,
RF in4ine Attenuator, 50 Ohm, 15 Watt minimum, 30 dB e.g. Bird Tenuline or
equivalent,
RF in—line Attenuator. 50 Ohm, 15 Watt minimum, 3 dB e.g. Bird Tenullne or
equivalent,
20 MHz (or greater) oscilloscope.
13.8 V 5 A DC Power supply,
Digital Volt Meier (DVM).
Preparation
For the full alignment procedure to be perlorrned the transmitter module must be
removed lrom the terminal and the PCB must then be removed from the module
shroud.
1.
Refer to steps (1) to (4) ol Section 9.4.5 lor wall mount oover removal details.
2. identify and remove the three small screws and the three Hex bolts (and
associated washers) on the underside oi the chassis that hold the transmitter
module in position. Put the screws, bolts and washers in a safe place for reﬁtting
the PCB.
Remove the duplexer lead lrorn the transmitter front panel. Pull the transmitter
module away lrorn the motherboard PCB, taking care to ensure the module PCB
connector comes out cleanly irorn the socket on the motherboard PCB.
in the transmitter module laceplate undo each ol the eight screws along the
faceplate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a safe place for reﬁtting the PCB.
Note: The lace plate screws have No.2 Japan Industry Standard (JIS) heads.
Damage to screw heads may result if the incorrect screw tips are used. The
closest alternative is a No.2 Phillips.
oisae Exlcom Technologies 11996) Limited 913 issue A - January 1999
EXI G D M
in n p n A no u 1 Gem Technical Manual Part \- UHF TrammltterTxpe 2950 and 2957
Figure 9.5: Module Face and Hear Plats Screws
5. In the module rear plate, undo the two screws on either side of the connector that
protrudes through the plate (see Figure 9.5). Put the screws in a safe place for
reﬁning the PCB.
5. Extract the transmltter PCB from the module by pulling gently on the front plate.
pm. No. 504-091 5-1 |
Funny 9.5: UHF Transmitter Type 2950 & 2957Alignmenr Points
©1999 Exieom Technologies 0996) Limited 9-14 Issue A - January 1999
we”.
mruntrva
u A r Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Tme 2950 and 2957
9.6.3 Alignment and Functional Checks
Note: Do not use an extender cable except for fault finding as it produces significant
10.
voltage drop at high output power settings.
On the PCB, turn RV701 (RF Power) fully anti-clockwise to give minimum power
setting, and turn RVtOt (frequency deviation control) fully anti-clockwise to give
zero deviation.
Check the setting of DIP switch SW301 lor the required frequency band and
channel spacing, check if R305 is fitted (refer to Figure 9.2) and set the lrequency
switches SW302, SW303 and SW304 to the middle of the band. Refer to Section
9.4 for details.
Connect the power supply and the digital voltmeter to the Test Unit, and then use
a short ribbon cable to connect the Test Unit to the rear plug on the transmitter
PCB. Finally, use a short length of oo-axial cable to connect the RF output plug on
the transmitter PCB to the RF power meter. laminated with a 30 dB attenuator.
Refer to Figure 9.7 for connection details.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Unit to “Supply Voltage". Apply power to
the Test UnIt, and adjust the power supply to give 13.8 V as measured by the
digital voltmeter.
Set the DVM Output switch on the Test Unit to “Monitor Output“, and the Tx,Rx
switch to ‘Tx,Rx".
Check that the transmitter VCO is locked by observing the “Active" LED on the
transmitter tront panel, if this is unlit, set the monitor output select switch on the
Test Unit to “2" (Lock Detect), and adjust 0202 until the analogue meter on the
Test Unit reads less than 2.0 (Synthesiser locked) at which point the LED should
come on.
Check that the transmitter locks reliably by toggling the Tx,Rx switch on the Test
Unit to Tx,Rx several times.
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “3" (Loop Volts). If
necessary, adjust the VCO trlmmer capacitance slightly to move the meter reading
as close as possible to the centre of the meter range. This corresponds to a
reading of 5 V on the digital voltmeter (as measured on TP301)
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “7" (+10 V Regulator
Output) and check that the analogue meter on the Test Unit reads more than 7.6
(RF power supply on). This corresponds to a reading of 2.4 V on the digital
voltmeter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the high band edge frequency, and set the
monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to “0" (Forward Power). Adjust L501
and 0511 on the PCB for a maximum reading on the Test Unlt analogue meter.
Set the hexadecimal switches to the mid-band frequency, set the monitor output
select switch on the Test Unit to “5" (Driver Output), and adjust RV701 for
approximately 5 W on the power meter. Then adjust C620 for a dip in the reading
on the Test Unit analogue meter.
01999 Exicom
Technologies (1996)Limited "W 9-15 "' IssueA-Januery1999
E XI C D M .
w r s n u A n a u A l Condor TachnICal Manual Part1- UHF Transmitter T19e2950 and 2957
11. On the Transmitter PCB. adjust RV701 for required HF output power measured on
the power meter.
Note: Allow for approximately 1 dB loss in the Duplexer after the transmitter is
fitted back into the terminal.
Trimmer
um. Non-4419204
Figure 9.7: Alignment and Funcﬁonal Chm Sabup
9.6.4 Modulation Deviation Setting
1.
2.
Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.8.
Set the radio test set to input a 500 me. 1 kHz tone to the Tx Audio input on the
Test Unit, and then use the test set to monitor both deviation and distortion at the
transmitter RF output.
For transmitters using 12.5 kHz channel spacing turn RV101 tully anti-clockwise,
then adjust RV101 clockwise on the PCB tor a frequency deviation ol 1 1.5 kHz.
For transmitters using 25 kHz channel spacing. turn RV101 fully anti-clockwise,
and increase the audio signal input level to 775 mvm. Then adjust Ftth
clockwise on the PCB tor a lrequency deviation ol 1: 3 kHz.
©1999 Exioorn
Teumologres 11996) Limited 9-16 Issue A - January 1999
ﬂ}?
EXICCI
ru r f n u A r r o u A A Condor Technical Manual Part t- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
Figure 9.3: Modulation Devi'm'on Set-up
9.6.5 Oscillator Frequency
1.
Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
Connect the trequency counter to the output of the attenuator. Allow the
equipment to be tully warmed up. then turn the modulation down to o mvm...
Monitor the transmitter lrequency with the lrequency counter, and check that It
corresponds to that set on the frequency switches to within 1100 Hz. It this is not
the case, adjust the TCXO on the transmitter PCB until the output frequency tultils
this condition.
9.6.6 VSWR Alarm
1.
2.
Connect the transmitter PCB to the test equipment as shown in Figure 9.7.
Set the monitor output select switch on the Test Unit to "1" (VSWR), and adjust
FtV701 on the trensmltter PCB until the power meter reads 5 W,
Connect the DVM across TPTOS and TP704 on the transmitter PCB, and connect
0.5 Metres ol un-termineted ooexiel cable to the RF connector on the transmitter
PCB lront panel.
01999 Exiuom
Technologies (1996) leilsd 9-17 Issue A - January 1999
EXI C O M
I u r r n n A n o u A t Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
4. Adjust RWOS on the transmitter PCB tor a reading ol 0 z 10 mV on the Test Unit
analogue meter (this sets the zero balance tor the VSWR bridge).
5. Connect a 3 dB 50 Q attenuator to the transmitter RF output.
6. Connect the un—termineted coaxial cable to the output of the attenuator (this gives
a 3:1 mismatch).
7. Adiust RV702 on the transmitter PCB so that the VSWFt alarm LED on the Test
Unit just lights.
9.6.7 Completlon of Transmitter Alignment
1. Insert the PCB through the front of the module shroud, taking care to line up the
connector with the hole in the rear plate.
2. Using the two screws kept trorn the removal oi the PCB, Insert a screw into each
hole in the PCB connector, do not fully tighten at this time (see Figure 9.5)
3. Using the eight screws kept from the removal of the PCB, Insert a screw into each
hole in the module faceplate; (See Figure 9.5). Ensure all screws are securely
fastened in the module from and rear plates.
4. Align the module into position on the wall mount chassis, taking care thet the
holes In the module shroud line up with the holes in the chassis, and that the PCB
connector on the module tits cleanly into the socket on the motherboard.
5. Using the three screws kept from the removal of the module, insert a screw into
each hole in the module. Insert the three Hex bolts and washers kept from the
removal ol the module. Tighten all screws and bolts to secure the module.
6. Refer to steps (6) to (10) ot the wall mount procedure in Section 9.4.5 Mechanical
Access for cover replacement details.
01999 Exioom Technologies (1996) Limited 9-H! Issue A - Jammy 1999
”39
EXICO M
mrnunmnu
Comm Technical Manual Pan I- UHF Trmsmlﬁsr type 2950 and 2957
Fuure 9.9: UHF Trams/ow Dinar-m
Issue A - Juan/1999
9-19
019W Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited
exam
UtrtunAriaunL
Condor Technical Manual Part 1- UHF Transmitter Type 2950 and 2957
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01990 Exicorn Technologies (1996) Limited 9-20
luueA-Jlmuy 1999
5 353.93 m Condor Technical Manual Fan | ~ VHF and UHF Duplexers Type 2824
VHF and UHF Duplexers Type 2824
1 0.1 Introduction
1 0.2
The Duplexer contains two sections, a high pass notch and a low pass notch.
Connection to the Duplexer oi Ihe receiver and transmitter is dependant on their relative
operating frequencies. The unit operating at the highest frequency is connected to the
high pass port labelled "H‘.
The lower frequency unit is connected to the low pass port labelled "L'. Antenna
connection is made to the extended ‘N" connector at the rear of the Duplexer.
The following method of tuning the Duplexer involves the use of the receiver in conjunction
with the control module as a signal level monitor. The control module Is set to align mode
and the monitor is switched to ﬁx position 0 (signal level).
Alternatively the duplexer may be tuned with a Condor receiver on the appropriate
frequencies, with these units operating from the Exicom Transmitter/Receiver Test Unit
type 2501.
The Condor receiver is synthesised and UHF equipment can be quickly switched between
transmit and receive frequencies for this alignment. VHF receivers may not cover both
channel frequencies without re-tuning their VCO so use of both receivers may be required.
Specifications
The duplex ﬁlter type 2824 specification characterises this unit tor all bands.
Type Bendstop - bandstop. 4 cavity resonator
Terminations
Antenna Type N lemale
RF Modules Highpass (HP) and lowpass (LP)
connections, BNC male on flying leads
l—
Bands Covered (MHZ) 66-78, 72—82, 78-88, 148-162. 159-174,
403-423. 410-430. 430-450. 450—470,
470-500, 490-512
Max Input Power 50 Watts
Temperature Range ~30°C to +60’C
Humidity Range 0 - 95% non condensing.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 10-1 Issue a - September 1996
EXQM
A~rlu~Arla~AL
Condor Technical Manual Pan 1 - VHF and UHF Duplexes Tma 2824
Insertion Loss 1.5dB Max HP port Io antenna or LP port to
antenna (dependant on Tx - Fix separation)
TX Noise Suppression at Rx quuancy GOdB minimum
Rx isolation at Tx Frequency
Antenna Port Return Loan
SOdB minimum.
IOdB minimum (dependant on Tx - Rx
separation)
HP, LP For: Return Loss 10dB minimum (dependent on Tx - Fix
separation)
Tx - Rx Separation
68 - 88MH: sub-bands
14a - 174MHz sub-bands
403 - 512MH: sub-bands
4.0 to GAOMHz
4.5 to 10.0MHz
5.0 to 10MHz
01996 Exlwm Technologbs (1590 Ltd 10-2 issue 3 — Sqmmber 1996
E X I C D M
u. r r n u A r t 5 ~ A l Condor Techniul Manual Part 1 - VHF and UHF Du lexeu T 2824
10.3
10.3.1
1 0.3.2
Alignment Procedures
Instruments Required
> Condor with transmitter and receiver set to required frequencies.
> Signal generator (eg. HFBSAOB).
> Power meter (eg. Bird 43 and 509 / 20 watt load).
Tuning instructions
Tuning slugs are numbered from left to right. The left hand slug is adjacent to the
Transmitter module.
1. With control module in align mode (see 2737 Controller Module) and monitor set to Rx
position 0, (or use the transmitter and receiver Test Unit Type 2501 which provides the
monitor function). This allows measurement of receive signal level.
Set up the equipment as follows:
2 Use the receiver which is tuned to the “low" link frequency
Connect it to the antenna port.
Connect the signal generator to the 'H' pen and set its frequency to the receive
frequency.
Connect a 509 load to the 'L' port.
3. Adjust generator level to read 7 on the monitor. loosen the slug locking nut and turn
slug 1 for a dip in the meter reading. Increase the generator level to read 7 on the
monitor as necessary. Tighten the lock nut when this adjustment is complete.
To adjust slug 2 repeat step 3 above.
Remove the original receiver and then select the receiver which is tuned to the 'High“
link frequency.
Connect it to the antenna port.
6. Connect the signal generator to the 'L' port and set its frequency to the 'High"
receiver frequency.
Connect a 50!) load to the “H' port.
7. Adjust generator level to read 7 on the monitor, loosen the locking nut and turn slug 3
fore dip in the meter reading. increase the generator level to read 7 on the monitor as
necessary. Again tighten the locking nut on completion.
8. To adjust slug 4 repeat step 7 above.
Set up the system for normal operation (is. with Tx and th connected to their respective
"H' or "L' ports) and a 500 power meter with load connected to the 'N“ (antenna) port of
the duplexer.
01996 Exicom Technologies 11996) Ltd 10-3 issue 3 - September 1996
EXIC D M
run-“noun CormrTschnMMunualPsﬂl-VHFlndUHFD_u2hxersT¥E52824
monitor just reads zero, and that the power output on the meter is not less than 70% of the
power directly out of the Tx module.
The duplexer is now tuned.
01096 Exicom Ted-mingle; (1996) Lu: $04 Issue 3 - Sepumber 1996
EXI CD M
[u runny m l Condor Technical Manual Pant - Mains Power Su I
1 2
Ma" s Power Supply Type 2828
12.1 Introduction
This module is a switchmode power supply operating in ilyback mode. This section
provides a detailed circuit description, test procedure and some suggestions for lault
ﬁnding.
12.2 Circuit Description
12.2.1 Input Circuit
AC input is filtered by 01-06 and L1 and taken to the bridge rectiﬁer D2 to 05. This
rectiﬁer may be conﬁgured as a bridge for 230V AC operation or as a voltage doubler for
110V AC operation. depending on the position of the voltage selector plug. The rectiﬁed
DC (about 300V) is then taken to the transformer T1 and switching MOSFET Qt .
01 is a MOSFET switch operating at about 180kHz and controlled using pulse width
modulation (PWM). It is protected by a catcher winding connected by diodes D10 and D11.
This limits peak voltages on 01 to approximately 750V at full load.
C14 and C17 provide additional protection with last transients.
12.2.2 Output Circuit
The output oi T1 is rectiﬁed by D104 and ﬁltered by 011043114 and L110-L113. R112
provides a small minimum load to ensure correct operation at zero load.
12.2.3 Start-up Circuit
When input power Is connected to the unit, relay FlLY1 is not energised. The input AC is
rectiﬁed by D1 and taken through R3 and R4 to the series regulator 02 which limits the DC
voltage to the control circuitry to approximately 15V.
The output 01 02 powers the control circuitry (via the series switch 04) and the low/high
voltage input comparator IC1 .
IC1 is an open collector comparator. Three outputs are connected in parallel, so that if the
input is too high or too low, or the temperature is too high, the common output is pulled low
by one of the comparators.
Start up occurs when the voltage at IC1/C pin 11 reaches the 5.6V reference (030). When
this occurs IC1/C output switches high. IC1/D and ICt/B outputs are already oil. R42 and
021 provide a delay of about one second before the inverting output ol IC1/A goes high.
lC1/A output then pulls low. This turns the series switch 04 on and provides power to the
main control circuit.
lC1/B monitors the input voltage through F112 and R20/21. ll this voltage is too high (above
275 V on 230V AC supply), lC1/B turns on and shuts down the supply.
01996 Exlcom Technologies (1996i Ltd 121 Issue 1 - September 1996
EXI CC) M
”v IthItATlaIIAA CondorTeehnicai Manual Pan1 ~Malns Power SM
1 2.2.4
12.2.5
12.2.6
12.2.7
Similarly, lC1/D monitors the temperature sensor thermistor R23 (near to the pillar holding
MOSFET 01). if the temperature rises above about 100°C, |c1 /D turns on and shuts down
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Control circuit
ice/c is a comparator connected as a sawtooth generator operating at about 180kHz. It
at about 1 to 2V.
The sawtooth wavelorm is taken to the inverting inputs of the pair of parallel-comparators
iCZIA and ICZ/B. The other inputs of iCz/A and ice/e are taken to a feedback voltage. At
full load the leedback voltage is about 5V, and the omput duty cycle from the comparators
is about 50%. At low loads, the output feedback voltage decreases and thus the
comparator duty cycle reduces.
05 and 06 provide buffering for the output from the comparators to the MOSFET Qt .
Current Limiting
The current through MOSFET Q1 is monitored by the source resistor R17. This voltage is
taken to the inverting input of lea/o. The non-inverting input of lCZ/D is divided down from
02 output, plus a small proportion 01 the MOSFET gate drive signal (through H64).
when the peak current through 02 reaches the pre-set current limit point, ICZ/D output
pulls low and turns on team and iCZ/B, turning off the MOSFET.
output current at 13.8V output.
Voltage Feedback
a controlled zener. When the reference input lor the controlled divider is lower than 25V,
no current flows throUQh the cathode. As the reference voltage increases. corresponding
to high output, increasing current will flow through the cathode.
Cathode current is taken through the optoooupier ice and pulls the main PWM comparator
inputs low and reduces the duty cycle.
Similarty a low output voltage will decrease cathode current and allow the feedback input
to the comparators to increase.
Over-voltage Protection
The output voltage is also taken via a divider to iC106. When the output reaches the pre-
set cver-voitage shutdown point. I0106 will turn on and turn on 0100. This puts current
through optocoupler tilt and pulls the input to ICt/C low. This causes IC1/C output to go
low and switches oft the power supply.
The power supply will try to switch on again alter the input turn on delay of about 1
second. It the output lauit is still present the unit will switch off again.
01996 Exicom Technologies (tees) Ltd 12-2 issue 1 - September 1996
EX! 0 D M
mrunnra m x Condor Technical Manual Pan l -Mnins Power Su
12.3 Power Supply Installation
Note: Ensure that the power supply is set up for the correct mains voltage by checking
the linking on the PCB. P1 is bridged to P2 to select mains voltages in the range
184 to 276V AC (230V nominal), or bridged to P3 to select mains voltages in the
range 88 to 132V AC (110V nominal). Refer to Figure 12.1 to locate P1,2,3.
Rack Mount Condor
The power supply for this option is mounted on the inside right of the Condor rack mount
shelf.
Wall Mount Condor
The power supply is normally mounted on the wall adjacent to the Condor. if the wall
mount Condor is mounted on the optional rack mount tray the power supply mounts on the
right hand side of the rack mount tray In the holes provided.
Dmg. No. 504415194)
Home 12.1 2628 Power Supply
01996 Exioom Technologies 0996) Ltd 1243 Issue 1 - September 1995
EX I C D M
. u rs n u A r I a n a 1 Gender Technical Menu-I Fan | ~ Mllns Power Sum
12.4 Fault Finding
Note: Because of the high voltages present always exercise extreme care when
servicing. An isolation transformer is necessary for all work with the cover removed.
Ensure that the drain voltage on 01 is always kept to less than 1000V. When testing the
unit after major repairs, always check the drain voltage using a 1k ohm resistor soldered
Connect lip of
/swpe probe here 4 E
Connect earth of scope probe hem
WM
Figure 122 Connection Pains to Measure me Drain Voltage of O1
01996 Exicom Technologies uses) le 124 lswa | - September 1996
EXI 00 M
HvrfnnArl-iu‘l CondorTaehMcaIMnnualPum-MllnaPowerSu|:_-glx
Dru. No. SCH—04884)
Figure 12.5 Mains Power Supply Type 2&5 Block Diagram
01996 Exioom Tschnoiogiel (1996) Ltd 12-5 IIIIJI 1 - September 1998
a}?
EXICDM
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Comm Technical Manual Pan | - Mn'ns PM
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01996 Exicom Technologbs (1996) Ltd 12~6 lssun I - Ssmmber 1998
E X I G D M
w v e n M A r l c it A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - oc-oc Convener
13
DC-DC Converter Type 2461
13.1
13.2
S- -cifications
Output Ripple
Input Protection
Output Protection
Indicators
Circuit Description
The power supply is designed to power a nominal 13.5V to the Condor link terminal from a
nominal 24V or 48V supply. The basic configuration is a switched mode converter with
input and output DC isolated. Regulation is achieved by optically coupled feedback
controlling pulse width.
22 to 70VDC either polarity earthed
13.5V at 4A DC load
Less than 0.5mV psophometrically weighted
Polarity reversal, undervoitege. overvoltege
5A 20mm or 30mm (internal)
Input, output and frame DC isolated
Short circuit proof. Overvoitage protected
Front panel LED, power on digital monitoring
The input from a nominal 24V or 48V supply is via iuse FSt . 20mm or 30mm fuses can be
titted by modifying the position of the input tenninel oi the fuseholder. Polarity protection is
provided by DZ. Overvoltage input shutdown above 60V is provided by D1, D5 and TFt1.
Pulse width modulator ICZ drives power FETs TRG and TFt7 with a lockHz square wave
vie complementary symmetry driver “is, TR4. During the off period 011 conducts due to
the collapsing magnetic ﬁeld in T1 returning this energy to the supply capacitors. During
the ‘on' period current irom T1 secondary leads via one of the 014 diodes into L7 the
switchmode inductor. In the "oit' period the other D14 ilywheel diode conducts to transfer
the L7 stored energy to the output capacitors.
Output voltage is sensed by D16 and optically coupled via lot to control the duty cycle of
ICZ.
owes Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 134 Issue | - September 1996
EXICD M
rhrtnuAYranA t. CondorTechnlcal Manuel Pant -DC-Dc Convener
1 3.3
currents. Output overvoltage protection for inductive load transients is provided by 16V
VDFt R30. Extensive onboard RFI suppression and input/output ﬁltering ensure a low level
of conducted and radiated emissions.
Servicing
No setting up adjustments are provided. Link Jl Is provided in the drain connection at
power FETs TRS and TFt7. During servicing of faulty units disconnecting this link will
damage to them.
A toOkHz sawtooth wavelorm of less than 50% duty cycle will be present on the FET
drains. Peak to peak amplitude is half supply voltage. ie. 12V p—p for a 24V power supply.
or 24V p—p for a 48V power supply.
Operation of the overvoltage shutdown can be checked at this time.
Do not close J1 until these conditions have been met. Operate the supply from a 0-65V
supply current limited to SA. It should start up at 19V Input and shutdown at 72V.
Full load input current is 2.25A at 23V input and 1A at 56V.
lMth a short circuited output, input current is limited to less then 1.5A.
01996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd ta-z Issue 1 - September 1996
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E X I C O M
u v s n u a 1 I o it n A Condor Technical Manual Pan 2 - System Setug
1 7
System Setup
17.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Gender. The operations described here should normally performed by qualified technicians
in a repair or service centre.
17.2 Identity Codes
In telephone mode, communication between the exchange and subscriber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake. Both terminals must therefore be set to the
same ident code betore any bench testing or field installation can begin.
Setting ot ident codes is described in Section 6.1 of this manual.
17.3 Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Gender link beiore field installation. It assumes
that individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SFl210/310 end Condor Test Units Manuel).
Connect the subscriber and exchange terminals back to back w‘a toodB of attenuation.
Coaxial T-connectors connected to the low power (output) side 01 the 30dB power
attenuators provide monitoring tor each transmitter in turn with modulation meter and
trequency counter.
This alignment gives the iollcwing system levels:
Subscriber transmit 1kHz at OdBm ——> 3kHz deviation 2 10% --> exchange receive -3dBm
Exchange transmit 1kHz at -7dBm ~-> 3kHz deviation 1 10% -—> subscriber receive -
10dBm
©1995 Exlcom Technologies (t 996) Lid 17-1 Issue 1 - Septembor 1995
EXICDM >
in nu. no“ i CondorTechmcai Manual Pena-8mm Setup
17.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (S —-> E)
(3) Connect a 60051 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with frequency set to 1000Hz and level to OdBm,
(4) Adjust FtV3 in the 2587 subscriber line interface to give approximately 2.5kHz
deviation for 25kHz channel spacing or 1,25kHz for 12.5kHz channel spacing,
(5) Adjust RV4 in the 2586 exchange line interface, to give output of -3dBm on the level
meter,
(7) Reduce the input level by EMS and check the frequency response is within +tdB,
4dB of the 1kHz level.
17.3.2 Exchange to Subscriber Alignment (E —> S)
(1) Connect the modulation meter to measure the deviation of the exchange tenninai
transmitter.
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2-wire output of the subscriber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator lo the 2-wlre input of the exchange terminal with
frequency set to 10!)on and level to -7dBm,
(4) Adjust FIVE in the 2586 exchange line interface to give approximately 2.5KHz deviation
for 25kHz channel spacing or 1.25kHz for 12.5kl-lz channel spacing,
(5) Adjust RVt in the 2587 subscriber line interface for an output level of warm,
(6) Reduce the input level by ZOdB and check for a frequency response, 30on to
340on, of +1dB. MB relative to the level of 1kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
for party line). This DC current can produce errors in some audio test equipment
due to transformer core magnetisation.
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct call establishment In both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in "Link Operation
Sequences“ Section 3.6 of this manual.
01996 Exicnm Technologies (1996) Ltd 17~2 issue 1 — September 1996
EXI C D M
muuuramt condorTecnnicalManuaIPanz-S stem Setu
17.4 Transmitter Power Adjustment
To adjust the transmitter power. first remove the plastic hole cover underneath the
transmitter module. This gives access to power control adjustment RV1 in the transmitter.
17.5 Test and Alignment Aids
Four separate Test Units are manulactured to simplify test and alignment of the Condor
modules. They are intended tor use by regional module repair centres. Field repair is on a
module replacement basis. The units are:
> Controller/Multiplexer Test Unit Type 2504
> Tx/Rx Test Unit Type 2501
> Subscriber Interface Test Unit Type 2502
> Exchange Intedace Test Unit Type 2503
The SR210/310 and Condor Test Unit Manual details alignment and test sequences to
allow a rapid return to service for the modules.
in addition to Test Units an extender cable set is available (Type 2464). A set at cables
comprises one each of 84-way, so-wey. 24-way and 14~way extension cables and
connectors.
01996 Exicom Technologies “996i Ltd 17-3 lune | - September 1996
A)
EXQM
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01996 Exioom Technologes (1996) Ltd
17-4 Issue | -S-ptambar1986
EXI C D M
“4 1 s n n ‘ r 1 0 ~ A ‘ Gander Technical Manual Pan! - DC-Dc Convener
amuplarm
czA—__© (g E 34—— Pwmcz
cu
rm 0 DE m
Paw-up
lemma
mm
mu m 30m“
Drwg. No. 504—0549—0‘
Figure 13.1 Dc-DC Convener Type 2461
01996 Exicom Technologiu (1996) Ltd 13-3 lune 1 - Septombsr1996
49
Ex! C0 M
r~1tn~A7va~AA CondorTechnicalManu-IPM!-Dc-Dcc Dial tone is not received until about 1.5 seconds after the handset is lifted.
> There is an additional tone (link busy), which is heard if the radio path fails,
Payphone operation also supports the detection and generation of payphone signalling.
This enables correct operation at any payphone connected to the subscriber terminal.
Non-Telephone (Point-to-Polnt) Applications
When set in point-to-point mode, the Condor acts as a simple duplex radio. The radio link
is set up when one of the terminals receives an M-wire providing a voice or data path from
one terminal to the other. M-wire into one terminal ls forwarded as E-wire out of the other
terminal. Removal of the M-wire closes the link down. There are two basic Point to Point
modes:
> Normal - in this mode only the terminal which has an M-wire signal into it will transmit;
> Trunking - in this mode when one terminal is triggered by an M-wlre. a duplex link will
set up. The link remains untll hall a second after both M-wires are removed.
For more information about non-telephone applications refer to the 2737 module, Section
5 of this manual or contact your Condor supplier.
Cautionary Notes
Screw Sizes
Screws in this equipment have No. 2 Jls heads (Japan industry Standard) Damage to
screw heads may result if the incorrect screw tips are used. The closest alternative is
No. 2 Phillips
ﬁ?
EX! 0 O M
in” ”A7! out CondorTechnlml Manual Pant - Introduction
1.2.2 Electrostatic Dame 9
The Condor uses a number of semi-conductor devices whlch are sensitive to
electrostatic damage. You should assume that every IC is sensitive to static
electricity.
Please take adequate care in the handling and storage of such devices when
carrying out any service work on the equipment.
Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside
electrically conductive static shielding bags.
CAUTION Repair work on equipment containing these devices should be carried out only
at 'electrostatic-safa work stations", where the work bench surface, soldering
iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of hannlul
electrostatic charges.
a;
EXI 00 M
run-“noun Condor‘rechnlcal MsnuaIParti-Introductlon
1.3
How To Use This Manual
This manual is divided into two pans.
Part One details the Condor used with the 2825 Line interface, allowing normal phone
or point~to~point operation.
Part Two details the Condor using the 2856 and 2587 Line Interfaces which enable
payphone operation. The modules common to both systems oonﬁgurations are
covered in Part One and should be referred to when reading Part Two
The Condor Technical Manual is one of a set of three Condor manuals. It describes how
the Condor works. The other two texts are:
Condor Installation Manual: This manual describes how to install the Condor. This
manual is supplied with every Condor terminal.
SH21 01310 and Condor Test Units Manual: This manual describes how to set up,
test and fault-find the modules.
You need this Manual if you want to know:
What the Condor is, and what it does (Section 1);
What specifications it meets (Section 2 and 16);
How the Condor works as a system (Section 3);
How to set up a Condor link (Section 4 and 17);
How each of the modules work (all other ohaptertg.
///?
E x | c: D M
I n n . ~ A n o u A 1 Gender Technical Manual Part 1 - System Operation
System Operation
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1
3.2
3.2.1
“40:5: am... "aﬁhnqtoqres Noam ~ w m w fr.
This chapter describes how the Condor works as a system. It includes a description of the
Condor and its features, it details the sequence of events for the Condor in several modes
of operation. It includes a fault-finding guide which can be used to isolate faulty modules,
Labelling
All modules in the Condor are labelled with a Type Number and a Serial Number. The
Type Number is of the ton-n 61-2737-00001.
Where the ﬁrst two digits (61) indicate the product family; the next tour (2737 in this
example) indicates the module type; and the last ﬁve indicate the variant. Modules are
normally referred to using only the four digits of the module type. 50 the example module
would be referred to as a “2737".
Features
The Condor Radio Link offers a number of improved performance features.
Modular Construction
The Condor is a full duplex modular radio link system. Hardware and software flexibility
allows the equipment to be adapted to different applications. The Terminal Housing type
2823 uses a motherboard to connect the following modules:
UHF Receiver type 2801 or VHF Receiver type 2803
Duplexer type 2824
Transmitter type 2802
Controller type 2737
Line Interface type 2825 or Exchange 2586 or Subscriber 2557
Compander type 2819 is lifted to the Controller type 2737 when the Condor is conﬁgured
for payphone operation.
External power supplies allow operation from A0 mains or 24—48V batteries. Modules are
interchangeable, allowing rapid servioe. The line interface is strapped for use as either an
exchange terminal or a subscriber terminal.
EX] C D M ‘
r w r x I: ~ A n a n a L Condor Technch Manual Pan 1 - System Caution
3.2.2 RF Channel Planning
The equipment is designed for 25/30kHz channelling. The two transmitters in a link can be
spaced at 5MHz - wMHz (UHF) or 4.6MHz-10MH7J4.0MHz-6MHz (VHF band dependent).
The transmitter power output is adjustable from 10W at the duplexer output to less than
1W duplexer output. We recommend using the low powers for minimum current
consumption and maximum frequency re—use.
Transmitters and receivers can be re-channelled by resetting hexadecimal switches.
Duplexers require re-tuning for change of receiver or tiansmitter frequencies greater than
200kHz.
To save power at the subscriber terminal, the receiver in the subscriber terminal cycles on
and off when the link is idle. The receiver stays on for about 150ms, then off for about
450ms. The receiver in the exchange terminal is continuously powered.
3.2.3 Link Supervision
A number of supervisory functions are provided as standard. Tone pips are used to
Indicate three conditions:
> low battery volts:
> high SWH;
> low receive signal.
The meter on the front panel of the controller module provides monitoring of test points in
the transmitter, receiver and controller modules.
3.2.4 ldent Codes
As a telephone link, ldent codes are used to ensure that link setup only occurs between
mating terminals. There are 32 distinct ident codes available, to allow maximum frequency
3.2.5 Interfacing
The line interface provides full 2~wire hybrid facilities for exchange or subscriber use. The
exchange terminal, in addition, can provide full 4-wire plus E and M. The interface
incorporates a 50V line supply and ringing generator for direct connection to a telephone
over long 2-wire lines.
The exchange terminal can be attached to a microwave trunk circuit, if the line interface is
set up for 4-wire operation. This allows provision of spur telephone links from a microwave
bearer system. Positive or negative M-wire operation can be selected.
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EXIC D M
m "a nun n l Condor Technical Manual Part 1 -S temo eration
3.2.6
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3 _
3.3.4
Full secondary lightning protection is provided for the 2-wire line connection using a three
terminal gas discharge arrestor. 500V isolation is provided within the housing and line
interface modules for the 2-wire path.
Serviceabiiity
Modules can be ore-aligned, then used to replace faulty modules without further
adjustment in the ﬁeld. Remote testing facilities are incorporated to enable location oi
equipment iaults m'thout disturbing the subscriber.
General System Description
Mechanical
The Radio Link System comprises a Terminal Housing equipped with a number oi
individual plug-in modules which are fastened to the base of the housing. The electrical
components are mounted on printed wiring boards, which slide into guides within the
module extrusion. Module covers are detached by removing the front panel screws and
the two rear connector mounting screws.
Frequency Range
The RF units are normally supplied for operation in a speciﬁc band. Frequency selection
within a band is achieved with hexadecimal switches.
Standard bands are (MHz):
68-78, 72-82. 7888, 148 -1 62, 159-174. 403-423, 410- 430, 430-450, 450470 , 470-490,
490-51 2.
Modulation
The equipment is irequency modulated and provides a base band of 300Hz to 3.4kHz. Out
of band signalling is accomplished with 4kHz trequency shift keying. The signalling system
operates at 150 bands. The receiver bandwidth is 12kHz (25kHz band plan) or 7.5kHz
(12.5kHz band plan), and the receiver is equipped with AFC to minimise frequency error
distortion.
Logic
All module inputs and outputs are "active Iow' or oi open collector form with pull—up
resistors on the destination board. This allows modules to be removed from a powered
system with minimum interaction.
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larenn‘rlauat CondorTechnicalManualPanl- temO ration
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.4
3.4.1
Power Supply Polarity
The Condor requires a nominal 12 volt negative earth external power source with 4 amp
capability. For normal operation the power supply voltage must be between 10.8V and
15.5V.
Note: The Condor housing metalwork is directly connected to the negative supply terminal.
Supply voltage above 15.5V may cause conduction of the rack
protection zener diode. This diode provides the transient and reverse
polarity protection for the equipment by mpturlng the supply fuse.
CAUTION
2-Wire Line Protection
A gas discharge arrestor provides secondary lightning protection for the 2-wire llne
connection.
Note: A substantial earth connection is necessary for maximum protection
Overload Protection
The transmitter module incorporates thermal protection circuitry to produce gradual
tumdown in the event of overload. This results in gradual power reduction at high heatsink
temperatures until equilibrium is reached.
Since the duplexer is a bandstop type filter, it is possible in cases of severe mistuning to
have considerable transmit powers present at the receiver port. Two levels ol protection
are provided. Firstly, at the receiver from end a diode is used to reflect high energy input
signals. Secondly, a high signal detector has access via the motherboard to the transmitter
power reduce control line. It is thus possible to power the system without damage, even in
cases where the duplexer may be severely mistuned.
System Software
Software Control
The Controller 2737 has an embedded micro controller. This controls the operation of each
end of the link, and the communication between link ends via the signalling channel. The
link operation sequences described later are all done by the micro controllers.
Within the 2737 are a row of programming pins called the ident pins. These interface to
the microprocessor, and select the function performed by the tenninai. in telephone mode,
they select the link ident code. in point-to-point mode. several options may be selected,
and are discussed later.
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E X l E El M _
I ~ , r n u A r i a u A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - Sﬂem Ogranon
3.4.2 Software Labelling
The microprocessor uses software stored in the interchangeable EPROM. The EPROM
window is covered with a label on which is printed a coded description of the software
version. The version number is included in the EPROM program, so that the EPHOM can
still be identified it the label is missing. -
3.5 System Operating Modes
3.5.1 Telephone Mode
Controller pin pairs 1 to 5 Linked in any chosen combination
In telephone mode including Payphone, the Condor link provides a direct replacement of
the 2-wire telephone line in a public switched telephone network. Strappings on the 2325
Line Interface define whether the terminal is an exchange and or subscriber end. Standard
call supervisory functions conveyed by the signalling channel are reproduced at each
terminal so that the telephone apparatus and exchange equipment operate as if they were
directly connected. Link selection of the 5 ident pin pairs provides an Ident code which is
transmitted and to end to ensure only correctly mating terminals are involved in the call.
3.5.2 Point to Point Mode
Pin pair 1 Linked
ln point-to-point mode the Condor provides independent and to and control ior the
transmission of telemetry and data information between central and remotely situated
sites, or lor the connection of two exchanges. Both terminals have line interfaces working
in 4-wire E and M mode. The out of band signalling tones are used directly for M-wire/E-
wire control.
3.5.3 Align Mode
PIn pair 6 Linked
Align mode provides a means of evaluating the periormance of the link system and the RF
path between two terminals without requinng line looping or M-wire/E-wire control.
Transmitter and rece'wer are both activated and all audio mutes are released.
Note: There is no transmission of signalling tones in this mode so transmitter deviation is
reduced from normal operating values by a peak value ot 650Hz with 25kHz
channel spacing, or 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel spacing.
©l995 Exlcsm Technolomes JQQBi Ltd 35 Issue 3 - Sentembe' ‘99‘5
”3
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EXICDM
lNVEl'IATIOIlAl CondorTechnicalManualPenl-Sstemo ralion
3.6 Link Operation Sequences
3.6.1 Telephone Mode:
Subscriber Originating Call (Subscriber Makes A Call)
This is best described as a sequence of operations from initiation.
(a)
(b)
(C)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(9)
(h)
(l)
(l)
Subscriber liits hand set and loops the line.
Loop is detected and the controller is awakened.
The subs transmitter is powered and ident codes are sent to the exchange terminal.
Exchange terminal sees a valid signal from its receiver and powers its controller which
checks for correct ldent code.
When correct ident code Is seen the exchange terminal tums on its transmitter and
sends its ident code to the subs terminal.
On receipt of correct ident the subs terminal stops sending ident and sends status
data ie. sub ON. Audio mute is cleared and the speech loop relay energised.
On receipt of status data the exchange end stops sending idents and starts sending
status. it also loops the exchange line. energises the speech loop relay and clears the
audio mute to allow transmission of dial tone from the exchange.
DTMF dialling will pass over the speech path allowing completion of call setup.
The subs terminal passes dial tone to the sub. At the first loop break it sets audio
mute. It then proceeds to time the dial pulses to establish their validity and to count
them.
When an interdigital pause is detected the dial pulse count is processed and sent by
the signalling as BOD data to the exchange terminal. The subscriber audio mute is
then released.
(k) The exchange terminal detects that a dialled digit has been received and convene the
(l)
(m)
digit back into dial pulses. Speech loop relay is cleared and audio paths muted while
dialling is in progress. The speed'i path is re-established on each completion of
dialling.
Clearing oi the call is initiated by the subscriber going on hook whereupon the subs
terminal sends sub OFF status to the exchange terminal and proceeds to time out and
power down.
Receipt of sub OFF status at the exchange lerrninal clears the speech loop and line
loop and the exchange terminal also proceeds to power down.
%;
EXICOM .
m rtenarleuaa Condor Technical ManualFart 1 “5159?” Operation
Subscriber Termlnatlng call (Subscriber‘s Telephone Rings)
(a) Incoming ringing is detected and powers the exchange terminal controller, which
proceeds to time the llrst ring cadence. while also trying to establish the radio link.
ldent signalling is used in the same way as described in steps (c) to (9) above, with the
subscriber and exchange roles reversed. When establishing the link lrom the
exchange end there is a delay between powering the transmitter and activation of the
signalling, to allow capture of the cycling subs receiver.
(b) It the ﬁrst ring cadence is between approx 2.5 seconds and 5 seconds then the link is
set up for a long ring test. The long ring test opens the audio path in both directions,
but does not loop the exchange line, Any alarm tones present will be heard at both
ends of the link but the subscriber will not be alerted. The test continues for 20
seconds and the link than reverts to its rest state. it the subscriber makes a real call
during the test, the call will set up normally, but without a further ident sequence. The
test state will be cleared by the intrusion.
(c) Once the link is established, the exchange terminal sends the ring information to the
subs terminal as part of its status data. The ring information Is updated every 100
milliseconds. so it is necessary to pre-process the ringing cadences to minimise
distortion of ringing iniormatlon.
(d) At the subscriber terminal the ringer generator is sent to line under control of the
reconstituted cadence information.
to) When the subscriber answers, the loop detect circuitry operates to disconnect the
ringer generator (loop detect is active during ringing) and line looped ls sent to the
exchange terminal via the this channel. Speech loop relay is operated and the audio
mute released.
(1) The exchange terminal now loops the exchange line. operates the speech loop relay
and releases the audio mute to complete the speech path. The call is now established.
(9) The subscrlber terminal recognises switch hook flash as a loop break of between 88
and 500 milliseconds. This is regenerated at the exchange terminal as a 250
millisecond break allowing access to exchange feature tunctlons.
(h) if the subscriber loop is opened for longer than 500 milliseconds the link will clear
down, as in the Subscriber originated Call above. The exchange terminal will be
commanded off so that the audio path will be muted before the HF path is lost.
(i) It the calling party terminates the call then the normal exchange tones will be sent to
the subscriber to tell him to hang up.
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EXI cu M ,
I ~ rn ,, A 1: 11 ~ 4 ( CondorTachnical Manual Part 1 - S tern O ration
3.6.2
Failure Modes
The controller program allows two seconds break in received carrier before clearing the
link and powering down. If the sub is oil hook when the link clears down, he will receive
busy tone.
if the link fails to set up properly then the sub gets a busy tone if he initiated the call.
Data errors in the signalling path are protected by parity checking and sequential message
comparison. Up to 2 seconds of continuous data errors are allowed before clear down
occurs. A minimum signaVnoise ratio of 20dB is required for the link system to operate.
This is the system threshold level internally set up in the receiver.
Point-to—Point Mode (Pin 7 Linked on Controller)
Basic Polnt-to-Point
This mode is commonly used for linking of talk-through radio repeater systems where it
offers the advantage of noise tail suppression.
The sequence of operations is as follows:
(a) M~wire (push to talk line) is grounded
(b) M-wire is detected and the controller is awakened
(c) The transmitter is powered and the lower frequency signalling tone sent to the remote
terminal.
(d) At the remote terminal receipt of signal valid from the receiver wakes the controller.
(e) On detection of the low frequency signalling tone the remote terminal controller lifts
the audio mute and pulls the E wire output to ground (equipment frame).
(f) Operation in the reverse direction is identical to the above and independent of it. If
both controllers are already awake the M-wire to E-wire delay may be reduced sllghtiy
from its normal 70 milliseconds.
(9) At the end of transmission M wire is released.
(h) The controller changes from low to high frequency signalling tone.
(I) After 10 milliseconds the controller de-powers the transmitter and if the return path is
not active, goes back to sleep.
0) At the remote terminal the change over from low to high signalling tone activates the
audio mute to prevent receiver noise tail being passed into the external network.
E-wire is also released.
(k) The remote and controller now expects shutdown of received signal and the
corresponding noise tail from the receiver prior to clearance of the “signal validI input.
(l) Since the noise tail would contain frequency components in the signalling channel the
controller is programmed to ignore signalling tone information for 70 milliseconds after
the transition of tone frequencies from low to high.
(in) The receiver loses its received signal and after a short delay cancels its signal valid
output.
o)
EXICDM
m r s n m A r l a u A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 » System Operation
3.6.3
(n) The controller relums to its sleep mode after completion ot time—out and loss of Signal
valid.
Trunking Mode (Pln pairs 7 and 2 Linked on Controller)
Trunking Mode provides a transmitter hold period of 500 milliseconds and in addition gives
a return audio path alter activation lrom either end. The signalling channel provides a ‘slow
(150 baud) data channel for the user in both directions.
Operation in trunking mode is as follows:
(a) M-wire is grounded at the A terminal tor a minimum of 25 milliseconds.
(b) Local terminal controller is awakened.
(C) Local transmitter is powered and low FSK tone sent.
(d) Remote terminal detects signal valid and wakes its controller which observes low FSK
tone,
(3) Remote terminal litts its mutes, grounds E-wlre, activates its transmitter and returns
high FSK tone (assuming its M-wire is not active).
(1) At the local terminal, receipt ol signal valid. indicates that the remote terminal
transmitter is active. The receive mute is released to establish the full 4-wire audio
path (send and receive).
(9) Data may now be sent on the M-wire and received on the E-vw're in eilher or both
directions. Flelease ol M-wire must be for less than 500 milliseconds or the link will
close down.
(h) At the end of transmission M-wire is released at the local terminal (tor example) and
the FSK tone signals this to the remote terminal.
(i) After 500 milliseconds wilh no lurther M-wire activity both terminals close their mutes
and proceed to power down. Noise tails are suppressed.
Failure Modes
Failure of the radio path in point to point mode will cause a loss of signal valid from the
receiver which will In turn activate the audio mutes and clear E-wire. The noise tail will not
be suppressed in this event and some spurious pulses may occur on the E wire output.
Alignment Mode (Pln palr G Linked on Controller)
When me controller is powered in align mode. the terminal will activate both transmitter
and receiver and release all audio mutes. FSK tones are not generated in this mode and
transmitter or receiver modules may be unplugged to disable them during tests as
required.
Once initiated, operation is continuous until the pin pair 6 linking is removed or the terminal
is de-powered.
Note: For measurement purposes in align mode, transmitter deviation is reduced by up to
GSOHz with 25kHz channel spacing, and up to 325Hz with 12.5kHz channel
spacing,
©1996 Exicom Tecnnolegles ”9951 Ltd 3-9 Issue 3 - September ‘996
//2
E X I I: D M
l n r r n h A 1 l 0 ~ A L Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - System Operation
3.7
Monitoring
The digital selector switch and toggle selector switch on the front panel of the controller
module allow various test points in the transmitter receiver and controller to be monitored.
The test points in the receiver and transmitter provide DC voltages in the range OV to 2.5V .
while the controller monitoring measures audio levels which are rectified for display on the
front panel meter.
Monitor selection is as follows:
Digital S Area Select Switch
1 Noise Volta-e Tx Slnellin Level VSWFl
3 Control Loo- Volts Rx Si.nallin Level
Switch
Transmitter
Tx Audio Level
Fowvard Power
HSSI (Signal
stren oth
Rx Audio Level Lock Detect
Control Loo - Volts
Auto Dev Control
Module Tern
(+1 OV) Regulator
O/P
Wideband Audio Tx Audio Pre-inversion
Rx Audio Pre-inversion
Power Control
While the majority of monitoring readings are self evident and used mainly for tuning, there
are some measurements which require further comment:
Flecelver Signal Strength indicator (RSSI):
This may be used In the ﬁeld to optimise alignment oi antennas. _It may also be used
for duplexer tuning. '
Power Control:
The power control line is common to the transmitter and receiver and can be
monitored at the controller meter. The voltage on this test position will vary with power
setting. it is pulled low if excessive signal levels are present at the receiver input (eg. if
duplexer is mis-tuned), causing ovenoad detection within the receiver.
Tx and Fix Audio Levels:
These points provide indication only when modulation is present on the appropriate
audio path.
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EXI CD M
nun-“rum“ Condchectmicaleuanani-S cmOeration
> VSWR:
The VSWR display is derived from a dual directional coupler in the transmitter. High
VSWFl indicates that reflected power is a signiﬁcant fmction of forward power. Thus
for any condition of zero forward power a high VSWFt will be indicated. This could
occur if for example a mis-tuned duplexer was used. The VSWR indication remains
substantially constant for powers of 0.5W to 12W.
> Module temperature:
Here monitor access is provided to the thermal protection circuit in the transmitter
Switch temperature threshold Is 95°C.
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E X I C D M
I ~ 1 s n n A v i o n A 1 Gender Technical Manual Part 1 - System Qgeration
33
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
Fault Identification
Note: M-wire LED relers to D18 on the 2857 Subscriber Line Interface, D12 on the 2586
Exchange Line interface and 023 on the 2825 Line interface.
E-wire LED refers to Di on the 2825 Line Interface. The 2586 Exchange Line‘
Interface and the 2587 Subscriber Line Interface have no E-wire LED indication.
LED Indicators in the Condor
The module front panel LEDs allow a degree of fault localisation to the module level.
The indications are as follows:
(1) Transmitter PWR LED - Indicates power on the 12V rail of the equipment and the
module.
(2) Transmitter Tx LED - Indicates transmitter active.
(3) Receiver PWR LED - Indicates receiver powered. This LED flashes at subs terminal in
idle conditlon and is continuous at exchange terminal.
(4) Receiver Fix LED - This indicates a valid signal is being received from the distant
transmitter.
(5) Controller uP LED - Indicates that processor Is active.
(6) M-wire LED - Indicates that the line is looped at the subs terminal, or that ringing is
being received at the exchange terminal.
(7) E-wire LED - Indicates that ringing is being sent at the subs terminal, or that the line is
looped towards the exchange at the exchange terminal.
idle State
In the idle state the transmitter PWR LED and receiver D‘.’llFl LED will be operating - the
receiver PWFt LED will be flashing at the subscriber ter: zsl.
Operation Sequences at the Subscriber Terminal
Subscriber Originating Call
(1) The M-wire LED illuminates, simultaneously with the controller LED.
(2) The receiver power LED illuminates continuously.
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) After a short delay the receiver Rx LED illuminates.
(5) The M-wire LED flashes for pulse dialling.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
It the remote terminal failed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver th LED would remain off) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
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EXICOM
w v s n it A 1 r n u A L Condor Technical Manual Pent - System Ogeraiion
3.8.4
If the remote terminal makes a reply but its ident code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver Rx LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
Fore normal cell. extinction oi the M-wire LED. controller LED' Tx LED. Rx LED and return
to receiver cycling do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
Subscriber Terminating Call
(1) The receiver power LED and Fix LED illuminate continuously, simultaneously with the
controller LED.
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(3) The E-wire LED ﬂashes with ringing to the subscriber.
(4) When the subs comes oif hook, the M-wire LED illuminates. and the E—wire LED
extinguishes.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction of the M-wire LED. controller LED, Tx LED, Rx LED and return to receiver
cycling do not occur until the subscriber hangs up.
Operation Sequences at the Exchange Terminal
Subscriber Terminating call
(1) The M-wire LED ﬂashes with ringing.
(2) Simultaneously the controller LED illuminates (continuous).
(3) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(4) After a short delay the receiver Rx LED illuminates.
(5) The M-wire LED continues to flash with ringing. '
(S) The E-wire LED illuminates when the subscribeHs line is looped.
(7) The M‘wire LED is extinguished when the exchange recognises the line loop.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
If the remote terminal failed to answer (no transmission) then step 4 above would not
occur (receiver Fix LED would remain oh) and after approximately three seconds the
transmitter Tx LED would extinguish also.
if the remote tenninel makes a reply but its ident code is not seen as correct then step 4
above will occur but both receiver Rx LED and transmitter Tx LED will extinguish after
three to four seconds.
it the subscriber does not answer, steps 6 and 7 do not occur.
Extinction ot the E-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED and Rx LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
©1596 EXICOm Technologies “9961 Lu! 3-13 issue 3 , September ‘996
//)
EXICDM .
ruunmnamr CondorTechnicalManuaiPanl~S rn erat|on
Subscriber Originating call
(1) The receiver Fix LED illuminates. simultaneously with the controller LED.
(2) The transmitter Tx LED illuminates.
(3) The E-wtre LED illuminates as the exchange line is looped.
(4) The E-wire LED ﬂashes with subscriber pulse dialling.
No further change occurs until the call clears.
Extinction of the E-wire LED, controller LED, Tx LED and Fix LED do not occur until the
subscriber hangs up.
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E x: c: Cl M
rrvre'rrnAvrnuAr CondorTochniﬂlMonualPartt-Sltemo eratlon
3.9 Remote Testing
fame; comm Ta—hnnl/‘fvrat nous. - is a.
Remote testing utilises an unusual ring cadence to provide a test access to me radio link
circuit without alerting the subscriber or busying the exchange.
The Long Ring Test is initiated by sending a long burst of ringing (between 2.5 seconds
and 5 seconds) to the exchange terminaL The ringing is timed and if found to be of correct
length, the link sets up for the test (provided that the ident requirements have been met),
For the test the 4-wire and 2-wire audio paths are completed but the exchange is not DC
looped. Any tones generated by the radio link are returned to the accessing telephone lest
desk. The test continues for 20 seconds to allow evaluation of the link. Should the
subscriber intrude by looping the line the test is immediately discontinued and dial tone will
be returned to the subscriber without a further idem sequence.
The Long Ring Test can also be used where the radio link is connected to an exchange
via a microwave trunk network by groundan M-wire for 4 seconds (sending ringing) and
observing the receive 4-wire path to listen for tones. This only applies when the 2825 Line
Interface is used.
Tone pips generated by the link are as follows:
> Single pip every ﬁve seconds indicates low battery voltage (approx 11V). The link will
continue to operate for a further drop of 1-2 volts.
> Double pip every five seconds indicates a transmitter SWFl fault. The SWFl required to
trip the alarm tones is ediustable within the transmitter module. The factory setting of
3.0:1 is recommended since the duplexer tends to reduce the antenna SWFi seen at
the transmitter port.
> Triple pip every ilve seconds indicates that receiver signal to noise ratio is only lodB
or less above the signal valid margin at which the link will trip out. The signal to noise
is typically 30dB at this point and the higher receiver noise level will be audible.
The pitch oi the tone pips determines their source since the subscriber terminal signals
with 500Hz tones and the exchange terminal uses 200on tones. Since the tones are
injected into the 4-wire path they may be heard at both ends of the link. The telephone test
desk can thus ascertain the likely source and nature of the fault before despatching repair
servrces.
If the link fails to set up correme (eg. ident failure or subscriber terminal fault) then the
exchange terminal returns a one second noise burst (from its receiver) to the test operator
before clearing down. Should the battery supply at the exchange terminal be too low
(<9,5V), the terminal will not function at all. Testing with an inertial test set will show the
presence of a 1uF ringer capacitor if the line connection to the exchange terminal is
complete. The alarm tone pips are sequential so that multiple alarms may be identified.
The subscriber terminal generates a local busy tone if the lInk falls for any reason while
the subscriber line is looped, and this disables all pip tones. The subscriber transmitter
turns off when this occurs.
{K M”. c chm-ow Mn:
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EXICDM
munw‘narux
Condor Technical Manual Pan1 - Sﬁtem Ogeralion
’ 5kHz Deviation
Peak Maximum
3400
Input
Frequency
300
3 1K 2K 3K 3 4K
0 O
Modulating Frequency (Hz)
Drwq. No. 5040551—0
Figures“ ModulaﬁonPlan/orEx/com CondorﬁatﬁaLlnk
z}
E X I C D M
I w v 1 I: ~ A 1 I o u A 1 Gender Technical Manual Part 1 - System Setup
System Setup
4.1
4.2
4.3
Introduction
This chapter describes how to set up the audio levels and transmitter power for the
Condor. It should be read in conjunction with the Condor Installation Guide. The
operations described here should normally performed by qualiﬁed technicians in a repair
or service centre.
Identity Codes
In telephone mode, communication between the exchange and mbscn’ber radio terminals
is preceded by an identity code handshake. Both terminals must therefore be set to the
same ident code before any bench testing or ﬁeld installation can begin.
Setting of idem codes is described in the Section 6.1 of this manual.
Level Alignment Procedure
This procedure allows bench checking of a Condor link before ﬁeld installation. It assumes
that Individual modules within the Condor terminals have been aligned using the module
Test Units (refer to the SH210/310 and Condor Test Units Manual).
Equipment is arranged as described in the Condor Installation Guide, Appendix 2, with the
addition of a modulation meter and coaxial T—oonnectors to allow checking of transmitter
deviation. The modulation meter is connected at the low power (output) side of the soda
power attenuators. A digital voltmeter (Ac. HMS) is used for setting IIne Interface voltages.
This alignment gives the following system levels:
> Subscriber transmit 1ki-lz at OdBm -> 1r5kHz/3kHz deviation' 1 10% —-> exchange
receive -3dBm
> Exchange transmit 1kHz at -7dBm --> 1.5kHz/3kt-lz deviation‘ * 10% -—> subscriber
receive -10d5m
‘ Dependant on 12.5/25ltHz channel spacing. Refer to Section zit. Spedﬁcatimt
bless Exicom Technologies ”996i Lto H issue l , September “a“
ﬁr“
EX I C D M
m u n u A , r 0 ~ A l Condor Technical Manual Part 1 - System Setup
4.3.1 Subscriber to Exchange Alignment (S —> E)
(1) Connect the modulation meter so that it measures deviation oI the subscriber terminal
transmitter,
(2) Connect a 6000 level meter to the 2~wire line connections at the exchange terminal.
This is best done across the gas discharge arrestor on the motherboard,
(3) Connect a 6009 audio generator to the 2-wire line connections of the subscriber
terminal with frequency set to 1000Hz and level to OdBm. Connect a digital voltmeter
(2VAC) between TF't and TPS on the Line Interface PCB,
(4) Adjust RV2 (Tx level) in the line interface to give 500mV AC on the DVM. This should
correspond to 1.5kHﬂ3kHz z 10% deviation' on the modulation meter.
(5) In the exchange terminal, connect the DVM between TP3 and TP4, Adjust RV3 (gain
trim) in the line intertece for a reading ofSOOmV AC on the DVM,
(6) Adjust FtVt (Rx level) to give an output of ~3dBm on the level meter,
(7) Reduce the inprrt level to -2odBm and check the frequency response is within +1dB. -
4dB of the 1kHz level.
4.3.2 Exchange to Subscriber Alignment (E —> S)
(1) To align the exchange/subscriber circuit. connect the modulation meter to measure the
deviation of the exchange terminal transmitter,
(2) Connect the level meter to the 2—wire output of the subscﬂber terminal,
(3) Connect the audio generator to the Edwire Input of the exchange terminal with
frequency set to 101“)on and level to -7dBm. Connect the digital voltmeter between
TF't and TP3 on the exchange interface PCB,
(4) Adjust RV2 (T x level) in the line interface to give 500mV AC on the DVM. Thls should
correspond to 1.5kHz/3kHz e 10% deviation' on the modulation meter,
(5) In the subscriber terminal, connect the DVM between TP3 and TP4. Adjust RVs (gain
trim) in the line intertace tor a reading of 500mv AC on the DVM,
(6) Adjust FtVi (Fix level) to give an output of -10dBm on the level meter,
(7) Reduce the input level to -27dBm and check tor a frequency response, (30on to
S400Hz, of +1 dB, ~4dB relative to the level ol 1kHz
Note: The subscriber terminal provides a 2-wire loop current of approx 25mA (45mA
for party line). This DC current can produce errors in some audio test
equipment due to transformer core magnetisatlon.
(8) Connect a test telephone to the subscriber terminal and connect the exchange
terminal to the exchange test line. Check for correct call establishment in both
directions. Description of correct call establishment is detailed in "Link Operation
Sequences" Section 3.6 oi this manual.
’ Dependant on 12,5/25kHz channel spacrng. Helene Section 2.1, Speciﬁcations,
©t995 Exrcom Technologies 11996) Ltd 4-2 Issue 1 - September was
J?
EX] CU M
”v rrn~A no“ . Condor Technical Manual Pant . em Setu
4.3.3 Point-to-Point Linking Mode
4.4
4.5
Link alignment for point to point linking mode is similar in procedure to that outlined above
except that the input is the 4-wire Tx pair at the ﬁrst terminal with receive output at the
4—wire le pair 01 the second terminal. The M~wire ol the ﬁrst terminal must be grounded to
the equipment case to initiate transmission.
Before beginning, check that the controller module is correctly strapped for point-tc-point
linking mode operation (detailed in Section 6.1.2) and that the line interfaces are strapped
for 4-wire operation at both ends. Set audio generator to Tx line level and adjust RV2 for
500mv AC between TP1 and TP3. as for telephone mode (detailed above). In the line
interlace oi the second terminal, adjust FIV3 tor 500mV TP3-TP4, and HV1 to set output
level as required. Swap oscillator and level meter and adjust levels in the other direction.
Transmitter Power Adjustment
To adjust the transmitter power, first remove the plastic hole cover underneath the
transmitter module. This gives access to power control adjustment RV1 in the transmitter.
Test And Alignment Alds
Four separate Test Units are manufactured to simplify test and alignment of the Condor
modules. They are intended for use by regional module repair centres. Field repair is on a
terminal replacement basis. The units are:
> Controller/Multiplexer Test Unit Type 2504
> Tx/Rx Test Unit Type 2501
> subscriber Interlace Test Unit Type 2502
> Exchange Interface Test Unit Type 2503
The SR210/310 and Condor Test Units manual details alignment and test sequences to
allow a rapid return to service for the modules.
In addition to Test Units an extender cable set is available (Type 2464). A set of cables
comprises one each of eat-way, 50-way, 24-way and 14-way extension cables and
connectors.
©1996 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-3 Issue I - September ‘995
%)
EXI CO M
ANYEN~AVIG~AL
Condor Tuhnlcal Manual Fun I - 813mm Selug
Thls page intentionally left blank
91996 EXIcnm Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-4 Issue 1 - September 1995
ﬁ?
EXICD M
iﬂrslllvlﬂﬂAl CmdorTeohnicalManualPartt-Controller
Controller Type 2737
6.1 Linklng Arrangements
On the Controller PCB there are two parallel rows of seven connector pins, comprising
PL2. the idem pins adjacent to pins 1 to 7 of the mlcroprooessor. The outer row of pins is
connected to UV and insertion ot bridging shunts between the two rows selects the type of
link operation performed. Pins are numbered from the top of the board downwards.
6.1.1 Telephone Use
Pin palrs t to 5 are linked as desired to select the link ident code. The same selection
must be made at both Subscriber and Exchange ends of each link. There are 32 distinct
codes available.
Note: Pin pairs 6 and 7 must be left unlinked.
Recommended standard Format For ldent Code:
It the Controller printed circuit board is viewed lrom the component side with the front
panel to the Ielt, the Ident Pins are immediately to the left of the microprocessor. The
required ident code can be selected by strapplng the plns according to the following table.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies ”9961 Ltd 6-1 issue 2 - Sentember 1998
e"
E X I C D M
myunniuu CondorTechnicalManualPatt1~Conholler
For Example :
_.
Phs co oo 00 [on] com
00 00 ml 00 00 mm
00 00 00 m IE]
on 00 00 oo 00 oo 00
co no on co 00 oo 00
oo 00 co co do oo 00
co co oo 00 be so so
ldantCode o i z 4 5 e 7
co co co oo 00 oo 00
pin, 00 mm 00 co m 00 cm
00 00 mm 00 0a m m
00 00 mm RICE Em
mm mm mm m EDD]
00 do on oo 00 oo
00 00 00 oo 00 00 oo
ldent Code a n to 11 1: 1: u 15
pin, 00 oo 00 mm
00 Do 00 mm mm
00 m IND mu tom
00 co co co no
‘41 com m
do 00 00 oo 00
no 00 do oo 00
ldentCode to an 11 2: z:
00 00
PI“ 00 m 00
00 00 381]
[BI] Mil mm
mm m m
00 00 co
oo 00 oo
Ident code 24 21 2:
Alarm Tones
In the telephone configuration the Line Interface deﬁnes whether the terminal is an
Exchange or a Subscriber end. This also determines the pitch of the alarm tone pips which
are generated. The alarm tones are injected into the 4-wire path. The Subscriber‘s end is
two octaves lower than the Exchange end tone. (Subscriber tone = 500Hz. Exchange tune
= 2000Hz)
The following alarm tone sequences are used:
Low Supply Volts 1 Beep every 5 seconds
SWR Error 2 Beeps every 5 seconds
Low SlNAD 3 Beeps every 5 seconds
The above signals are sequential it more than one alarm is active.
Busy t Beep every 2 seconds
The Busy tone overrides the other alarm beeps. It is sent to the subscriber it the link tails
to set up or ii the link fails in use.
©1996 Exrcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 62 Issue 2 - September 1996
a;
Ex! C D M
run-“nu“ CondorTemnical Manual Pant-Controller
6.1.2 Point-to-Point Linking Mode
Pin pair 7 must be linked to select any point-to-point linking mode operation - see linking
arrangements above. in this mode, Pin Pairs 1 to 5 cease to provide an ident code, but are
used to select the polnt-to-point mode of operation. .
Basic Point to Point:
Pin pair 7 linked, pin pair 1 and 2 unlinked.
In this mode there is no hold period for the transmitter. it closes down immediately after M-
wire is released The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to avoid noise tail.
Operation of the fomerd and return signal paths is independent. Each signal path is
established by grounding its M-wire.
Point to Point Options:
Pln pair 7 linked and other pin pairs linked will select the operation format from a number
of options as follows.
ZEUmS Tx Hold Period
Pin Pair 1 - this selects the basic polnt-to-point mode (remember that pin pair 7 is also
linked) but with a transmitter hold period of 250 milliseconds after M-wire release.
Telemetry signalling may be sent on M wire in this mode, but the return path E-wire is not
activated unless the remote M-wire is grounded or is returning telemetry signals.
Trunking Mode
Pin Pair 2 - this selects a trunking mode which establishes a full 4-wlre trunk (sand and
receive audio paths) on grounding of either M-wire for greater than 15 milliseconds.
Once activated, the link provides M-wire into E-wire out signalling at up to 150 baud in
both directions as an out of band data channel. Release of M-wire (at both ends of the
link) for greater than 500 milliseconds will cause the transmitter to close down and retum
the system to its idle condition. The audio paths are muted prior to transmitter turn off to
avoid noise tail.
Trunking mode allows the link to be used lor interconnection of exchanges (as a both
ways trunk) whilst maintaining a low power drain in the idle situation. The mode is also
useful ior continuous telemetry up to 150 baud using the E and M wires whilst the audio
path is used for independent DTMF signalling telephone seMce. No modems or external
filter are required.
Dlsabled Alarm Tones
Pin Pair 4 - this disables the alarm pip tones where the link is used for data transmission
and internal tones could interfere with the service.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies (1996l Ltd 5-3 Issue 2 , Semen-mar ma:
ﬁ?
EX! CD M
immune“ l CondorTechnlml ManuaIPartl -Controller
6.1.3 Align Mode
Align mode is selected by linking pin pair 6. In align mode both receiver and transmitter are
powered, receiver and audio mutes are released and the speech loop relay is energised.
There are no signalling or alarm tones generated In align mode. Due to absence of .
signalling tones, transmitter deviation is reduced by up to 650Hz when using 25kHz
channel spacing, and by up to 325Hz when using 12.5kHz channel spacing. Most other
periomiance characteristics can however, be measured in this mode including audio
responses, return loss etc. Transmitter or receiver modules may be unplugged to disable
them for RF testing while in align mode.
Note: A description of the operation sequences for the various modes is included in the
"System Operation“ Sections of this manual.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-4 issue 2 » September 1996
EXIC O M
Ik‘lllN‘VlﬁnAL CondorTemnlcal Manual Pant -Control|er
6.2.
6.2.1
Circuit Description
Audio and Signalling Section
Transmit Path
The transmit audio signal enters the Controller board on pins 25/56 and feeds a pre»
emphasis amplifier/clipper comprising one op/amp from ICf, transistors TR1 and TR2 and
the RC feedback network R4, C4. The output on pin 1 feeds a second stage of
amplification using the other op. amp from IC1, and a high level clipper stage TFi3, TFt4,
D1 and R9.
The output on pin 7 feeds the switched-capacitor ﬁlter IC2 which runs at a 333kHz clock
rate and tailors the response of the audio to cut off at 3.4kHz. Switching frequencies are
removed by a following no network, and the band limited audio signal is then input to one
of the transmission gate pairs ICa. Together lC3 and |c4 comprise a modulator which
provides frequency band inversion
The modulator output is filtered by ICS to remove unwanted sidebands, filtering of the FSK
tones is accomplished by dual LC circuits (L1, L2). The relative speech and signalling
deviations are set by the ratio of resistors R29 and R32. Both signals can be selected for
monitoring on the front panel meter.
Receive Path
The receive input on pin 44 is not de—emphasised and is immediately split into two
separate paths: signalling and audio filtering. The audio path is ﬁrst passed through the
impedance matching circuit of IC7 which provides a small degree of amplification prior to
the FSK notch filter. L3, and its associated components. The notch removes much of the
received signalling tone energy from the audio path before active ﬁltering stage ICBA The
receive audio then feeds into the second transmission gate pair IC3 which together with
IC4 provides the demodulation function to restore the voice frequency band. Active ﬁltering
is provided by switched capacitor filter 10!) whose 333kHz clock is gated to provide the
audio mute function. The recovered audio signal is mixed with alarm tones via R56 and
then de-emphasis is carried out at Icto before the final signal is output to the line
interface.
The signalling tone path is via a Q—multiplier circuit consisting of the two op. amps in left
which form active band pass ﬁlters centred at FSK frequency. Test points are provided for
alignment (T P5 and TPS). Filtered FSK tones are fed to the third transmission gate pair in
I03 where a frequency translation to BOOHz occurs. FSK centre frequency is 4.0kHz.
Receive FSK translation clock is 3.2kHz. The second op.‘amp of ICT is the companion
stage for this modulator, the output at pin 7 being filtered by a two stage RC network to
remove switching noise and as much of the unwanted upper sideband frequencies as
possible before feeding to the input of "312, the FSK decoder.
lCtZ is an XR2211 phase locked loop FSK decoder. its centre frequency is determined by
057, H79 and FIVS, the latter being adjustable for fine tuning. Detected data is output on
pin 7 and 6 of tom and feeds the microprocessor directly. TP7 allows test access to this
signal.
©1996 Exiccm Technologies (1995l Ltd 6-5 issue 2 ~ September 1995
a?
EX! C D M
JM'EHNAYIHNAI CortdorTechnicaiManuaiPant~Controller
Clocks
6.2.2
All clocks are produced by the two programmable timer devices, ICZO and I021, under the
control of the processor, and are derived from the BMHz crystal. Five timer outputs are
capacitively coupled to the individual stages to provide the required DC levels. The sixth '
output is spare. Gating oi Clock 1 from [CEO through lCl7 by a signal from the processor
gives direct audio muting of the receive path.
Monitoring
thumbwheel digital switch sets up a three bit binary code which activates the three
analogue selector gates in the Tx. Rx and Control modules. These gates return the
selected analogue voltage to the control module where the required voltage is selected for
display. 6 points can be selected in each monitored module, although in the control
module only 6 are used, Also the analogue voltages lrom the Rx and Tx modules are DC
while the control module monitoring is lor AC signal levels. Thus the output of the selector
gate, i015, feeds an op. amp and detector circuit (ice, G79. 06 and D7). which. in turn,
drives the high impedance metering circuit (TFt11, TR12 and meter M).
Power Supplies
TFt6 and TR7 provide the regulated 10V and 5V (Analogue Ground) for the audio and
processor via The. TRB ensures that the correct bias is present on the base of TFt7. The
front panel LED D3, is powered lrom the VAG supply via R89.
Analogue Ground (VAG)
Analogue Ground is required by the ﬁlter le and for biasing of the operational ampliﬁers.
It is passed to the other modules via the backplane to minimise noise pick-up in the audio
paths.
Digital Section
General
In order to minimise power consumption within the overall system, CMOS devices have
been used throughout. This includes the processor itself which, in its CMOS version, has
the added leature that It can be switched under software control to a low power idle state
where the current drain from the +5V supply is only 2.5mA. This feature is used during the
period when the link is not in use, (Ie. between calls). The +5V supply is continuously
present and the processor periodically wakes up and checks its inputs for any change oi
condition on the SIG VAL or LD/FID lines. When an active condition is detected the
processor remains in the active mode and initiates the hand shaking sequence.
Power Supply
All the logic devices are powered from a continuous digital +5V supply relerenced to a 5V
regulator, low. The dartington power transistor, TRB. is switched by one half of lCi4. a
dual voltage comparator, which turns TRQ off if adequate supply voltage is not present.
The other half oi i014 senses low battery voltage for the generation of warning tones.
©1996 Exlcom Technologies (1995) Ltd 6-6 Issue 2 - Seoiember ‘ 905
sf”
EXI C D M _
“4 tsunAv/en-A CondorTechnical MenuaIPartt »Contmller
Logic
> Watchdog. Resetting of the processor lC16 is accomplished by a combined
reset/watchdog circuit comprising two gates of IC17 and associated components,
C104. TRtO. R131, H138, C102 and C103. At switch on. the RC time constant bf
H131 and C103 keeps ICt7 pin to low and therefore pin 8 high to provide an
extended processor reset pulse. R138 and C102 with the other gate, pin 11. constitute
an oscillatort When pin 11 (and pin 9) goes high for the ﬁrst time after 0103 has
charged to the gate threshold of pin 10, pin 8 goes low and the processor Starts.
With the processor functioning normally the output at IC16 pin 13 is high with low
going pulses every millisecond. These pulses activate TFt10 to prevent C102 from
recharging, thus maintaining the gate output in a high state. if tor any reason the
pulses trom the processor stop being generated, C102 will charge up to gate
threshold, pin 11 will go low and the processor will be reset.
> Microprocessor. Atter reset the processor first initialises the HO device, I02, and the
programmable timers ICZD and IC21. It then reeds inputs from other modules in the
rack via l022, the ident links and FSK input pin 10.
Processor outputs are written to IC22 via the bus. The processor also outputs an
Audio Mute control signal, an Audio Power control signal which also gates the master
clock to the timers, the Alarm pip tones. and the Transmit Data all of which are used
on board. FSK tones and all the clock frequencies are generated by the two timer IC's,
IC20 and tom , under processor control.
> lnputhutput. All i/O lines are controlled by the programmable 82655 device, iC22,
which is organised into two 8~bit ports and one split 44-4 bit port. The 12 input lines to
port-A and upper port-c are buttered by toes and 1024, which carry out a CMOS-‘ITL
conversion. The 12 output lines from port-B and lower pod-C control [025 and ICZS,
Darlington transistor arrays, which drive all oft-board circuits.
All board inputs and outputs are "active Icw' or open collector with pull-up resistors on
the destination board. This allows modules to be removed lrom the rackframe with
minimum interaction.
©1005: Evu-AM anhnAif-tmnr J100R\ l m c.
EXI CUM
vaEnmAvrnﬂAl CondorTeohnIcalMenualPartt-Comroller_
6.3 Alignment
The 2737 module contains static sensitive devioes. Do not attempt service or
alignment except at a static free work station.
Any failure of a Controller module in the ﬁeld should be cleared by module
replacement and the faulty unit repaired and aligned at an appropriately
equipped service centre.
CAUTION Full alignment and testan of 3 Controller requires a Controller/Multiplexer Test
Unit type 2504 with associated measuring equipment. The procedures are
fully described in the Test Unit Manual.
©1996 Exmom Technologies (1996) Ltd G8 lssue 2 ~ September 1996

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