Exicom EX7100-3 DIGITAL TRANSCEIVER User Manual Technical manual

Exicom Limited DIGITAL TRANSCEIVER Technical manual

Technical manual

EX7100 Technical Manual – VHF Fan Assembly ©2001 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd VHF Fan-1 Issue 1 – August 2001 VHF EX7100 Fan Box (Type 8057) 1.0 General A Fan Box has been designed to assist with the cooling of the PA Heatsink casting for the VHF EX7100 product range. The Fan Box consists of a metal enclosure with two (2) fan assemblies that fits over (and is bolted to) the existing PA Heatsink. DC Supply for the fans is provided by the existing DC input socket on the rear of the EX7100 Terminal. Note: Exicom recommends fan replacement every 5 years. The Fan Box can be used with DC voltages between 10.8 to 60 V DC to suit the relevant power supply variant within the EX7100 Terminal. 1.0.1 Date of release All VHF EX7100 Terminals produced after 1 May 2001 will include the Fan Box (Product Code 61-8057-00002). It will be factory-fitted during the manufacturing process. 1.0.2 Terminal Mounting Considerations The Fan Box fits snugly around the existing PA Heatsink casting and does not adversely affect the overall width or depth of the EX7100 Terminal but does affect the height. The top of the Fan Box will be approximately 40mm above the top cover of the EX7100 Terminal. However, as it is recommended that a gap of at least 2U (89mm) is left above/below the EX7100 Terminal and any other equipment, this additional height should not become a problem for standard 19” Rack mounting. 2.0 Removal Instructions The following sections detail the steps necessary to remove the Fan Box to allow access to the PA Heatsink casting. 2.0.1 Tools required > M5 Short Arm Hex Wrench > Medium sized insulated flat-blade screwdriver 2.0.2 Procedure 1) It is necessary to isolate the EX7100 Terminal from any mounting shelf prior to removal of the Assembly. (Depending on the lengths of any antenna, telephone or DC power cables, it will probably be necessary to remove these to allow unobstructed Terminal access) 2) Switch off the DC supply to the Terminal (if not already removed) and place the Terminal on a clean, flat surface.
EX7100 Technical Manual – VHF Fan Assembly ©2001 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd VHF Fan-2 Issue 1 – August 2001 3) Refer to Figure 1 below and remove the 2x M6 socket cap screws and washers from the Fan Box Assembly using the Short arm Hex wrench. The removed screws and washers should be put to one side for future replacement. Figure 1: Assembly connected to the EX7100 Terminal 4) Remove the Fan Box DC supply cable from the rear of the EX7100 Terminal, taking careful note of the existing wire connections for future re-assembly (the BROWN wire is connected to the +ve input and the BLUE wire is connected to the –ve input) 5) Carefully remove the Fan Box Assembly from the EX7100 Terminal. Access is now available to the PA Heatsink casting. 6) Refer to Section 7 of the EX7100 Technical Manual for further information regarding the replacement of the Heatsink casting and/or the PA Assembly. 7) Reverse the above-mentioned steps as required to re-assemble the Fan Box.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Mandatory Regulations ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd Regulations-1 Issue 0 – October 2000 Mandatory Regulations The following information outlines the mandatory regulations governing the installation and operation of the Exicom EX7100 digital radio link. Adherence to this information is necessary to ensure regulatory compliance. 1.0 General Requirements This equipment shall be configured only with those assemblies as specified in the Technical Manual and shall only be mounted as instructed. 1.0.1 Danger The Modem/Controller module contains a lithium battery. There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturers instructions. Do not recharge, disassemble or incinerate. 1.0.2 Warning This equipment must only be installed and maintained by service personnel. 1.0.3 Access to the Equipment The EX7100 digital radio link should be installed in a location or environment that prevents unauthorised access. 1.0.4 Equipment Port and Connector Classifications The EX7100 digital radio link contains various ports and connectors that are classified as either Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) or Telecommunication Network Voltage (TNV) as follows: SELV TNV > DC Power Input > G.703 (3x ports) > I/O > Sync Data > Control > LMS > Front Panel Test Pin Sockets > Line Interface Module Connector Connect SELV circuits on this equipment only to other SELV compliant circuits as defined in AS/NZS 3260 and IEC950. Connect TNV circuits on this equipment only to other TNV compliant circuits as defined in AS/NZS 3260 and IEC950
EX7100 Technical Manual - Mandatory Regulations ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd Regulations-2 Issue 0 – October 2000 1.0.5 Telecom Safety Earth The wire used for safety earthing should be a minimum of 4mm2 and should preferably be directly connected to an earthing stake driven into the ground Refer to Section 2.8 of the Technical Manual for specific instructions 2.0 Country-specific Regulations The following sections detail any regulations that may be required by specific countries and/or territories. 2.0.1 New Zealand Regulation - PTC 200 • “The grant of a Telepermit for any item of terminal equipment indicates only that Telecom has accepted that the item complies with minimum conditions for connection to its network. It indicates no endorsement of the product by Telecom, nor does it provide any sort of warranty. Above all, it provides no assurance that any item will work correctly in all respects with another item of Telepermitted equipment of a different make or model, nor does it imply that any product is compatible with all of Telecom’s network services.” • “This equipment may not provide for the effective hand-over of a call to another device connected to the same line.” • “IMPORTANT NOTICE Under power failure conditions, this device may not operate. Please ensure that a separate telephone, not dependent on local power, is available for emergency use.” • “Use of pulse dialling, when this equipment is connected to the same line as other equipment, may give rise to bell tinkle or noise and may also cause a false answer condition. Should such problems occur, the user should NOT contact the Telecom Faults Service.” • “Devices designed to respond to particular ringing cadences may not respond when used with this equipment.” • In the event of any problem with this device, it is to be disconnected and a CPE item connected to one of its terminal ports may be connected directly in its place. The user should then arrange for the product to be repaired. Should the matter be reported to Telecom as a wiring fault, and the fault be proven to be due to this product, a call-out charge will be incurred.” • “Note that the receive audio line level must not be more than 3dB higher than the transmit audio line level. (for typical installations using short telephone cable lengths, it is recommended that the receive audio line level is set for –3dBm)” • “The maximum number of parallel CPE devices that can satisfactorily be operated on a single port is two (2)” • “This unit should be powered from a supply that is compliant with AS/NZS3260 and is SELV compliant”
EX7100 TECHNICAL MANUAL
©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited All rights reserved. This publication is copyright. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (electrical, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd, Private Bag 50912, Porirua, New Zealand. Confidentiality This document contains confidential information which belongs to Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited. All information is supplied to you in confidence on the basis that it must not be used by you (except for product evaluation purposes) or disclosed to any person without Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited’s prior written consent. Any breach of the above obligation may be restrained by legal proceedings seeking remedies including injunctions, damages and costs. Disclaimer Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited constantly seeks to improve quality and performance. Therefore, specifications and configurations are subject to change without notice. Product code: 61-8031-00002
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited i Issue 3 - August 2001 Contents Page List of Figures ix 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1-1 1.2 Configuration 1-1 1.2.1 64 kbit/s digital “pipe” 1-1 1.2.2 Six low bit rate voice/fax/data channels 1-2 1.3 About this Manual 1-3 1.4 Terminology 1-3 1.5 EX7100 Specifications 1-4 1.5.1 System Parameters 1-4 1.5.2 Power, Mechanical and Environmental 1-4 1.5.3 Multi-channel Voice and Data Multiplexer 1-5 1.5.4 Data Channel 1-6 1.5.5 System Management 1-6 1.6 System Planning 1-7 2 Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 Antenna Sites 2-1 2.3 Mounting the Antenna 2-3 2.3.1 Antenna Polarisation 2-3 2.3.2 Antenna Direction 2-3 2.3.3 Antenna Cable Grounding Kits 2-3 2.4 Positioning the EX7100 Terminal 2-4 2.5 Mounting the Terminal in the Rack 2-5 2.6 Cable Connections 2-5 2.6.1 General 2-5 RF Connection 2-5 DC Power Input 2-7 2.7 Terminal Type Specific Connections 2-8 2.7.1 Digital Data Terminal Connections 2-8 Synchronous Data (V.35 or RS-232) 2-8
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited ii Issue 3 - August 2001 Page G.703 2-8 2.7.2 Exchange Terminal Connections 2-8 2.7.3 Subscriber Terminal Connections 2-9 2.8 Earthing the Terminal 2-9 2.9 Other Rear Panel Connections 2-9 2.9.1 Control 2-10 2.9.2 LMS 2-10 2.9.3 I/O 2-10 External Site Alarms 2-10 2.9.4 RF 2-10 2.10 Powering Up the Terminal 2-11 2.10.1 General 2-11 2.10.2 Procedure 2-11 2.11 Final Antenna Alignment 2-12 2.11.1 General 2-12 2.11.2 Alignment Sequence 2-12 3 Configuring the Terminal 3.1 General 3-1 3.2 Using the Keypad 3-1 3.3 The User Interface Menu 3-2 3.4 Changing Parameters 3-2 3.4.1 Universal Parameters 3-3 Passwords 3-3 Changing the Time and Date 3-5 Operating Mode 3-5 Link ID 3-6 Terminal Descriptor 3-6 Changing the RF Channel Increment 3-7 Changing the Local Transmitter Frequency 3-8 Changing the Local Receiver Frequency 3-10 Transmitter RF Power Level 3-11 Interface Type 3-12 3.4.2 Data Terminal Parameters 3-12 Transmit Data Clock Synchronisation 3-12 Sync Data Polarity 3-13 3.4.3 Exchange Terminal Parameters 3-14 Operating Mode 3-14 Channel Set-up 3-14 Payphone Metering Frequency 3-15 Transmit Audio Line Level 3-16
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited iii Issue 3 - August 2001 Page Receive Audio Line Level 3-16 Automatic Fax/Data Detection 3-17 3.4.4 Subscriber Terminal Parameters 3-18 Ringer Frequency 3-18 Line Termination Impedance 3-18 Payphone Metering Frequency 3-19 Transmit Audio Line Level 3-19 Receive Audio Line Level 3-20 Telephone Loop Current 3-21 Automatic Fax/Data Detection 3-21 4 Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.1 General 4-1 4.2 Monitoring the EX7100’s Operation 4-1 4.2.1 RF Parameters 4-2 4.2.2 Power Supply Parameters 4-2 4.2.3 Framer Parameters 4-3 4.3 Monitoring a Remote Terminal 4-3 4.3.1 Setting up a Test Link 4-4 4.3.2 Closing the Test Link 4-5 4.3.3 Changing Operating Frequencies Remotely 4-6 4.4 EX7100 Internal Alarms 4-8 4.4.1 Acknowledging an Alarm 4-8 4.4.2 Setting Alarm Priorities 4-9 4.4.3 Link Up Time Alarm 4-9 4.4.4 Low RSSI Alarm 4-10 4.4.5 Over Temperature Alarm 4-11 4.5 Diagnostic Tools 4-11 4.5.1 System Align Mode 4-11 4.5.2 Digital Loopbacks 4-12 Local Loopback 4-12 Remote Loopback 4-12 Enabling Digital Loopbacks 4-12 4.5.3 Analogue Loopbacks 4-13 Local Loopback 4-14 Remote Loopback 4-14 Enabling Analogue Loopbacks 4-14 4.6 Bit Error Rate Testing 4-15 4.6.1 General 4-15 4.6.2 BER Testing an EX7100: End-to-End 4-16 4.6.3 BER Testing an EX7100: Round-Trip 4-17 4.6.4 BER Testing an EX7100: Local Interface 4-18
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited iv Issue 3 - August 2001 Page 4.7 Networking EX7100 Terminals 4-18 4.7.1 General 4-18 4.7.2 Interconnection of Local Terminals 4-19 4.7.3 Accessing Bussed Terminals 4-19 5 Troubleshooting the EX7100 5.1 General 5-1 5.2 Configuration Issues 5-1 6 EX7100 Top and Bottom Cover Removal 6.1 Procedure 6-1 7 Module Descriptions 7.1 General 7-1 General (Non-RF) Modules 7-1 RF Modules 7-1 Line Interface Modules 7-1 7.2 Power Supply Module Type 2964 7-3 7.2.1 General 7-3 7.2.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-4 General 7-4 Accessing the Power Supply 7-5 Diagnosis 7-5 7.2.3 Alignment 7-7 7.2.4 Module Replacement Procedure 7-7 7.3 VHF Transmitter Module Type 8027 7-9 7.3.1 General 7-9 7.3.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-10 General 7-10 Accessing the VHF Transmitter Module 7-11 Diagnosis 7-11 7.3.3 Alignment 7-13 Re-tuning of the VHF Transmitter Module 7-13 Carrier Null 7-13 7.3.4 VHF Transmitter Module Replacement Procedure 7-14 7.4 UHF Transmitter Module Type 8053 7-15 7.4.1 General 7-15 7.4.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-16 General 7-16 Accessing the Transmitter Module 7-17 Diagnosis 7-17 7.4.3 Alignment 7-19
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited v Issue 3 - August 2001 Page Re-tuning of the Transmitter Module 7-19 Carrier Null 7-20 7.4.4 UHF Transmitter Module Replacement Procedure 7-20 Replacement of the Type 8044 Sub-Module 7-20 Removal of the Transmitter Module 7-22 7.5 VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8028 7-23 7.5.1 General 7-23 7.5.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-24 VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Testing 7-24 7.5.3 Alignment 7-26 7.5.4 VHF RF Power Amplifier Replacement Procedure 7-26 7.6 UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8048 7-28 7.6.1 General 7-28 7.6.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-29 UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Testing 7-29 7.6.3 Alignment 7-31 7.6.4 UHF RF Power Amplifier Replacement Procedure 7-32 7.7 VHF Receiver Module Type 8029 7-33 7.7.1 General 7-33 7.7.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-34 General 7-34 Accessing the VHF Receiver Module 7-34 Diagnosis 7-34 7.7.3 Alignment 7-36 Module Re-tuning 7-36 Receiver Maintenance Adjustments 7-37 7.7.4 VHF Receiver Replacement Procedure 7-37 7.8 UHF Receiver Module Type 8054 7-39 7.8.1 General 7-39 7.8.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-39 General 7-39 Accessing the UHF Receiver Module 7-40 Diagnosis 7-40 7.8.3 Alignment 7-42 Module Re-tuning 7-42 Receiver Maintenance Adjustments 7-43 7.8.4 UHF Receiver Replacement Procedure 7-43 Removal of the Type 8055 Front-End Module 7-43 Removal of the Receiver Module 7-45 7.9 VHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8013 7-46 7.9.1 General 7-46 VHF Connections 7-46
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited vi Issue 3 - August 2001 Page VHF Mounting 7-46 7.9.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-47 General 7-47 Checking RF Connectors 7-47 7.9.3 Alignment 7-47 VHF Module Re-tuning 7-47 7.9.4 VHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure 7-49 7.10 UHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8045 7-50 7.10.1 General 7-50 UHF Connections 7-50 UHF Mounting 7-50 7.10.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-51 General 7-51 Checking RF Connectors 7-51 7.10.3 Alignment 7-51 BRBP Filter Adjustment (HPF) 7-53 BPBR Filter Adjustment (LPF) 7-53 Duplex Filter Adjustment 7-53 7.10.4 Duplex Tuning/Performance checks 7-54 7.10.5 UHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure 7-55 7.11 Modem/Controller Module Type 2966 7-56 7.11.1 General 7-56 7.11.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-57 General 7-57 Accessing the Modem/Controller 7-58 Diagnosis 7-58 7.11.3 Alignment 7-60 7.11.4 Modem/Controller Module Replacement Procedure 7-60 7.12 Front Panel Module Type 2994 7-61 7.12.1 General 7-61 7.12.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-62 7.12.3 Alignment 7-63 7.12.4 Module Replacement Procedure 7-63 7.13 Line Interfaces Type 2971 and Type 2967 7-64 7.13.1 General 7-64 Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 7-64 Four wire + E & M Interface Type 8022 7-64 7.13.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-66 General 7-66 Accessing the Line Interface Module 7-66 Diagnosis 7-66 7.13.3 Alignment/Re-tuning 7-67
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited vii Issue 3 - August 2001 Page 7.13.4 Line Interface Replacement Procedure 7-68 7.14 Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 7-69 7.14.1 General 7-69 7.14.2 Description 7-69 7.14.3 Testing and Fault Diagnosis 7-69 Accessing the Isolated Power Supply Module 7-70 Diagnosis 7-70 8 EX7100 Repeater Configuration 8.1 General 8-1 8.2 Installation 8-1 8.3 Terminal Interconnections 8-1 G.703 Interconnect 8-2 Control Interconnect 8-2 8.4 Software Configuration 8-2 8.5 Remote Monitoring 8-2 Appendix A Connector Pin Information A.1 LMS A-1 A.2 Control A-1 A.3 G.703 A-2 A.4 Synchronous Data A-2 A.5 Input/Output A-3 A.6 Line Interface A-4 A.7 Sync Data (DB15) to V.35 (M34) Interface Cable (DCE) A-6 Appendix B Options B.1 Line Terminating Frame B-1 Primary Lightning Protection B-1 B.2 ELMS (Exicom Link Management System) B-2
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EX7100 Technical Manual - List of Figures ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited ix Issue 3 - August 2001 List of Figures Page 1.1 Typical BER curve 1-9 2.1 Antenna Polarisation 2-2 2.2 Antenna Direction 2-3 2.3 UHF Duplexer Connections 2-6 2.4 External Alarms 2-10 2.5 EX7100 Front Panel Display - Initialisation Test 2-11 2.6 EX7100 Front Panel Display - Idle State 2-11 2.7 EX7100 Front Panel Display - Order Specified Terminal Descriptor 2-11 2.8 Antenna Alignment 2-12 3.1 EX7100 Front Panel Display and Keypad 3-1 3.2 EX7100 Front Panel Display - RSSI Reading 3-2 4.1 Two Terminal Link 4-3 4.2 Two Terminal Link with Repeater Terminal 4-4 4.3 Digital Loopback Configurations 4-12 4.4 Analogue Loopback Configurations 4-13 4.5 End-to-end Bit Error Rate Test 4-15 4.6 Round-trip Bit Error Rate Test 4-15 4.7 Local Interface Bit Error Rate Test 4-16 4.8 Networking EX7100 Terminals 4-18 4.9 Three Terminal Bussed Site 4-19 7.1 EX7100 Terminal with Top Cover Removed 7-2 7.2 VHF EX7100 Terminal with Bottom Cover Removed 7-2 7.3 UHF EX7100 Terminal with Bottom Cover Removed 7-3 7.4 Power Supply Block Diagram 7-4 7.5 Power Supply Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-6 7.6 VHF RF Module Connection Block Diagram 7-9 7.7 VHF Transmitter Module in place within an EX7100 Terminal 7-10 7.8 VHF Transmitter Module Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-12 7.9 UHF RF Module Connection Block Diagram 7-15 7.10 UHF Transmitter Module in place within an EX7100 Terminal 7-16 7.11 UHF Transmitter Module Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-18
EX7100 Technical Manual - List of Figures ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited x Issue 3 - August 2001 Page 7.12 Location of Loop Volts adjustment CV101 7-19 7.13 VHF RF Power Amplifier Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7-23 7.14 VHF PA Module Test set-up 7-25 7.15 Heat Sink Screws for VHF PA Removal 7-26 7.16 UHF RF Power Amplifier Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7-28 7.17 UHF PA Module Test set-up 7-30 7.18 Screws for 10W UHF PA Fan Box Removal 7-31 7.19 Heat Sink Screws for UHF PA Removal 7-31 7.20 VHF Receiver Module in Place within Terminal 7-33 7.21 VHF Receiver Module Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-35 7.22 UHF Receiver Module in Place within Terminal 7-39 7.23 UHF Receiver Module Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-41 7.24 Location of Loop Volts adjustment CV101 7-42 7.25 VHF Duplex Filter Adjustment Locations 7-48 7.26 UHF Duplex Filter Adjustment Locations 7-52 7.27 Modem/Controller Block Diagram 7-56 7.28 Modem/Controller in Place within Terminal 7-57 7.29 Modem/Controller Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-59 7.30 Front Panel Block Diagram 7-61 7.31 Front Panel Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-62 7.32 Six Channel Line Interface Connection Block Diagram 7-64 7.33 Subscriber Line Interface in Place within Terminal 7-65 7.34 Exchange Line Interface in Place within Terminal 7-65 7.35 Six Channel Line Interface Fault Diagnostic Tree 7-67 8.1 EX7100 Repeater 8-1
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-1 Issue 3 - August 2001 1 Introduction 1.1 General The EX7100 is a unique digital radio primarily designed to meet the requirements of customers who require thin route communications, especially in remote and rural locations, but also in urban areas where digital linking is required. It is an ideal solution where copper wires are too expensive or difficult to install. The EX7100 is a 64kbit/s digital radio that operates within a 25kHz RF channel. It has a number of unique features including: > On-demand operation, > Automatic fax and modem data detection (with internal multiplexer installed), > G.703 and Synchronous Data interface (V.35) to connect to external devices, > An optional internal six circuit, voice/fax/data, multiplexer, > High system gain with 2 Watt or 10 Watt power amplifier options, > Inherent security through proprietary digital encoding, > Robust design to operate in a variety of environmental conditions. 1.2 Configuration The EX7100 is a point to point, line of sight system providing 64kbps of user bandwidth within a 25 kHz RF channel EX7100 Terminals are available in a number of configurations depending on the customer usage and type of traffic to be transported. 1.2.1 64 kbit/s digital “pipe” The 64kbps single channel configuration provides CCITT G.703 and synchronous data interfaces (V.35 or RS-232), for connection to external OEM multiplexers, bridges, routers, LAN’s, etc. The actual transmitted bit rate including system overheads is 68 kbit/s, leaving a full 64 kbit/s for the user. Other pseudo interfaces may be provided based on V.11 or V.24 electrical standards. This configuration is also used to provide a full duplex repeater option, based on two terminals back-to-back at G.703 interface. A repeater enables the user to greatly increase the distance between the end terminals
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-2 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.2.2 Six low bit rate voice/fax/data channels With the addition of an internal multiplexer/line interface card the EX7100 provides six, low bit rate, voice/fax/data channels. This option is designed to replicate six individual standard wireline telephone circuits and caters for both 2-wire and 4-wire + E&M (with additional card) telephone operation. Line drivers and ringers are integral to the card, allowing telephone equipment to be situated up to 5 kilometres from the terminal. Most equipment normally connected to telephone lines may be connected to each channel of the EX7100, including payphone (12/16 kHz meter pulse or line reversal), electronic funds transfer terminals, G3 fax and data traffic at up to 9600bps. Data standards supported are V.21, V.22, V.22bis, V.23, V.27ter, V.29, and V.32. EX7100 also supports CLID and operates with both tone and pulse dial telephones Note that provision of six channel data traffic requires external telephone modems at each location. Modem/Fax data rate is limited to a maximum of 9600bps per channel. The six-channel version of the EX7100 is available in two configurations: Exchange Terminal Provides connection for six telephone circuits (either 2-wire or 4-wire +E&M) from the PSTN. Using exchange terminals at both sites, with special software, the link may be configured for Trunked Point-to-Point terminal operation, providing six voice/fax/data channels with 4-wire+E&M analogue interfaces. Subscriber Terminal: Provides connection for Subscriber equipment (2-wire), such as telephones, facsimile, modem, etc. Note: The telephone interface circuit boards within these terminals are specific to each terminal type, i.e. an Exchange terminal cannot be linked as a Subscriber terminal, or vice versa.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-3 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.3 About this Manual This Manual contains all the information necessary to enable installation and configuration of an EX7100 as well as module and fault diagnosis information. 1.4 Terminology The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout this manual: BER Bit Error Rate, BERT Bit Error Rate Test, DSP Digital Signal Processing, ESN Electronic Serial Number, LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode, LMS Link Management System, LTF Line Terminating Frame, MDF Main Distribution Frame, PA Power Amplifier PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSU Power Supply Unit, RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indication, TCXO Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator, VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. This manual refers to “Exchange Terminal” and “Subscriber Terminal” however the installation instructions apply equally to non-telephone, or Data, systems.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-4 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.5 EX7100 Specifications 1.5.1 System Parameters Frequency Bands (MHz) 138-174, 403-520 RF Frequency Stability ± 1.5 ppm Available Digital Bandwidth 64 kbit/s Channel Data Rate 68 kbit/s RF Bandwidth 25kHz Digital Interface G.703 or V.35 synchronous (V.24 optional) Duplexer VHF: Internal Notch Type UHF: External Notch Type + Band Pass Frequency Selection Synthesiser in 5.0 or 6.25kHz steps Channel Selection Via front panel LCD or external terminal Maximum Transmitter power @ duplexer output (PEP) UHF > +31 to +40 dBm (1.25 to 10 W) variable > +24 to +33 dBm (0.25 to 2 W) variable VHF > +31 to +40 dBm (1.25 to 10W) variable > +24 to +30 dBm (0.25 to 1 W) variable Duty Cycle 100% @ 60 °C ambient, < 3000 AMSL Emission Designator 18K4D1WET Receive Sensitivity 10-3 BER 10-6 BER < -105 dBm (<1.3 µV) @ Rx input < -102 dBm (<1.8 µV) @ Rx input 1.5.2 Power, Mechanical and Environmental Ambient Operating Temperature -10 °C to +55 °C normal, -30 °C to +60 °C extreme. Humidity up to 95% relative humidity, 0 °C to +45 °C, non-condensing Cooling Fans (Temperature controlled on 10 Watt system only) Brush-less Ball Bearing type. MTBF > 50,000 hrs @ 40°C Size of basic system (H x W x D) VHF: (3U) 135 mm x 483 mm x 432mm1 UHF: (4U) 180 mm x 483 mm x 432 mm1 Weight Approx. 15 kg Physical Mounting Rack Mount Line Lightning Protection Secondary Lightning Protection 1 432mm depth dimension measured from front panel handle to end of rear panel bracket. Additional depth allowance may be required to cater for connecting cables etc.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-5 Issue 3 - August 2001 Power Supply1 10.8 - 30 VDC and 30 - 60 VDC, positive or negative earth for 12/24/48 VDC power systems Power Consumption Standby, 64 kbit/s configuration 35 W Standby, 6 Ch. configuration 40 W Tx 10 Watt, 64 kbit/s configuration Typical 110 W Tx 10 Watt, 6 Ch. Configuration2 Typical 125 W Tx 2 Watt (UHF), 64 kbit/s configuration Typical 60 W Tx 2 Watt (UHF), 6 Ch. configuration2 Typical 75 W 1.5.3 Multi-channel Voice and Data Multiplexer Purpose For data and low bit rate voice options Integral Multiplexer Interface Proprietary Number of Channels used Up to six low bit rate voice/data/fax Exchange/Subscriber Line Connections Via 50-way CHAMP connector Voice Quality Near toll quality - MOS3 = 3.9 (64 kbit/s PCM MOS = 4.2, 32 kbit/s ADPCM MOS = 3.8) Voice Compression MP-MLQ @ 6.3 kbit/s (ITU-T G723.1) Audio Frequency Response 300 to 3400 Hz typical Line Interfaces 2-wire Exchange, 4-wire + E&M Exchange (optional), 2-wire Subscriber. Telephone Interface (2-Wire) 600Ω, maximum DC loop resistance 1500Ω, 50 V DC supply, 100 V DC Ringer Rx/Tx Line Levels -15 dBm to +3 dBm Line Drive Current 25 or 45 mA selectable Payphone Interface 12/16 kHz meter pulse and line reversal Fax and data detection Fax Speed Modem Speed Automatic detection and regeneration of V.21, V.22, V.22bis, V.23, V.27ter, V.29, V32. G3 up to 9.6 kbit/s Up to 9.6 kbit/s with telephone modems 1 Refer to Section 2, page 2-6 for IMPORTANT WARNINGS re the power supply 2 6 Channel Tx power consumption is maximum with 6 channels operational with 25 mA loop current and no ringing 3 MOS = Mean Opinion Score as defined by ITU-T Rec. P80 and tested by AT&T Study Group 15
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-6 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.5.4 Data Channel Data Interfaces CCITT G.703 and synchronous data (V.11 or V.24). Data Rate 64 kbit/s Connections G.703 - 75 ΩΩΩΩ G.703 - 120 ΩΩΩΩ Sync. Data BNC Connectors DB15 Connector DB15 Connector to standard V.35 or RS-232 connector on extender cable1 1.5.5 System Management Basic Front Panel Metering LCD digital with bar graph and test points for connection of external voltmeter Configuration Menu driven 16x2 LCD with six button control or via RS485 connection to external PC System management Standard Proprietary Inter-site Communications RS485 communications with daisy-chain capability Communications and Signalling data channel 1000 bit/s (not user accessible) Monitoring of site security or other alarms Six I/O Ports Channel Selection Via front panel LCD or external terminal System Management Functions • BER alarm set 10-3 to 10-5 adjustable • Loopback on each line (6 channel) • Repeater mode • 64 kbit/s loopback, local/remote • Set link active excess alarm time • Set individual Receiver and Transmitter RF frequencies • Adjust transmit power level • Antenna alignment mode • Audio line levels Alarms • BER set 10-3 to 10-5 adjustable • Low input voltage • Low receive signal level • Synth lock fail • Link up time • External alarms • Tx high VSWR and low power • Lost modem lock • Internal voltage rail fault • Link fail alarm • Over Temperature (UHF 10 W) • Digital and Analogue Meter Tests and Bar Graph • Receive signal levels • DC input voltage • Current consumption • Internal voltage rails • Tx Heatsink temperature 1 DB15 connector has a proprietary pin-out, refer to Appendix A sections A.3 and A.4 for details
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-7 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.6 System Planning Digital Radio link planning is a complex procedure requiring a study of each site and the path between each site. Exicom Technologies is able to assist in system planning if this is required. Specialist software packages are used by Radio System Engineers to determine path losses and sources of interfering signals that may affect the reliability of the radio link. (Unlike an FM signal, a digital radio signal is susceptible to interference and fades, similar to those found on television broadcast systems) The EX7100 is capable, under ideal circumstances, of providing communications over paths of more than 50 kilometres. However, the following considerations must be taken into account, which will assist in determining the maximum link distance and system reliability: > Operating frequencies > Free Space loss > Terrain effects: Absorption and Reflection losses > Antenna gain and position > Cable losses > Transmit power > Receiver sensitivity > Required fade margin Further to these considerations, the system designer must be aware of factors at each site, which may affect the reliability of the radio link. These factors include: > Access to a reliable power source. > Antenna height. > Access to a suitable grounding system. > Lightning and surge protection > Other radiating and receiving systems using the site
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 1-9 Issue 3 - August 2001 1.00E-071.00E-061.00E-051.00E-041.00E-031.00E-02-108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95Receive level (dBm)BER-10 to +45 C-30 to +60 CVHF/UHF EX7100 at 'nominal' operating temp rangeVHF/UHF EX7100 at 'extreme' operating temp range Figure 1.1: Typical BER curve
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-1 Issue 3 - August 2001 2 Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.1 General Although EX7100 Radio Link terminals can be installed in any order, the following sequence should be followed to ensure that minimum time is spent on installation. > Install Exchange antenna (Section 2.3), > Mount the Exchange terminal (Sections 2.4 and 2.5), > Connect power, antenna and interface cables to the Exchange terminal (Section 2.6), > Configure and test Exchange terminal (Section 3), > Repeat the above steps for the installation of the Subscriber antenna, Subscriber terminal and cabling (Sections 2.3 to 2.6 inclusive and Section 3), > Final antenna alignment at Subscriber site (Section 2.11), > Final antenna alignment at Exchange site (Section 2.11). > Establish a test link to confirm operation of system (Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2), Note: Ensure that the correct terminal is dispatched to the appropriate site (Terminal information can be found on a label on the side of the packing box). 2.2 Antenna Sites Antenna sites for the EX7100 installation should have been chosen as part of the system planning process (Refer to Section 1.6). If they have not been selected, contact your Exicom International Supplier. Radio path planning is a highly technical procedure and should only be performed by a qualified person. WARNING THIS EQUIPMENT MUST ONLY BE INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED BY SERVICE PERSONNEL
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-2 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.3 Mounting the Antenna The antenna should be mounted high enough so that it is in "line-of-sight" with the antenna at the other radio site (antenna height may have been determined during system planning). The antenna should be placed at least 10 metres (VHF) or 3.5 metres (UHF) from any metallic or conductive objects to avoid possible impaired operation of the EX7100 link and fastened securely to protect against the effects of strong winds. When mounting the antenna, ensure it is pointing in the correct direction with the correct polarisation. Final adjustments to the antenna direction are made after both terminals are installed. Refer to Section 2.11 "Final Antenna Alignment". 2.3.1 Antenna Polarisation The site plan should include details of antenna polarisation. If it doesn't, use the following information as a guide: The antenna may be mounted with either vertical or horizontal polarisation. Figure 2.1 shows an antenna mounted with vertical polarisation (top) and horizontal polarisation (bottom). In general, either polarisation can be used although each antenna must have identical polarisation. Note: Vertical antenna polarisation is preferred if the radio link is to be used over a body of water such as a lake or sea. Figure 2.1: Antenna Polarisation
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-3 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.3.2 Antenna Direction The site plan should include details of antenna direction. If it doesn't, use the following information as a guide: Refer to a map with the antenna sites marked. The antennas must point towards each other in a straight line for the link to operate effectively. Take a compass bearing of each antenna as shown in Figure 2.2. This is the direction the antenna should point towards when mounted. Figure 2.2: Antenna Direction 2.3.3 Antenna Cable Grounding Kits To assist with lightning protection, coaxial cable grounding kits should be used at each site. Grounding of the cable is recommended at the tower top, tower bottom and at the entrance to the equipment shelter. A range of grounding kits are available. Contact your Exicom International Supplier for details.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-4 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.4 Positioning the EX7100 Terminal Before deciding on the position of the terminal, consider the following: > The antenna coaxial cable should be as short as practical to minimise transmission losses, > The EX7100 requires good ventilation to allow generated heat to escape. Although the maximum temperature environment for the EX7100 is +60°C, lower temperatures will assist with trouble-free operation, as is the case with most electronic equipment, Always allow a gap of at least 2U1 (89mm) above/below the terminal and any other equipment. Note: Do not place the terminal directly onto a desk or tabletop. If such mounting is required, ensure that the terminal is raised by at least 2U to allow adequate ventilation, > The EX7100 should be mounted close to a source of power, telephone wires (if required) and the antenna cable. Note: Ensure that sufficient room for any cables (including adequate bend radius etc) is present prior to positioning the terminal2 > Access to a good earth is essential (separate to mains earth) refer to Section 2.8, > It may be necessary during the installation process (or subsequent servicing) to access the rear panel of the terminal. Sufficient room should therefore be provided around the terminal to allow access to any connections (such as the RS485 port that may be used for PC control during testing and set-up). 1 One U = 44.5 mm or 1 ¾ inch 2 Terminal depth of 425mm is measured from front panel handle to end of rear panel bracket. Additional depth allowance may be required to cater for connecting cables etc. WARNING Ensure that the equipment racks are stable and capable of supporting the weight of the EX7100 terminal before equipment installation. Note that unsecured racks may tip over, causing damage to equipment or personal injury
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-5 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.5 Mounting the Terminal in the Rack The EX7100 is compatible with the industry standard 19" rack system and occupies 3U1 (VHF) or 4U (UHF) of vertical space. > Attach the handles to the EX7100 front panel using the handle kit supplied. > Attach the front panel to the radio terminal using the six screws supplied. > Mount the terminal to the rack using the four front panel mounting points. Due to the weight of the EX7100 terminal (approx. 15 kg), it is highly recommended that the terminal be supported with the use of angled side rails. These rails are commonly found in 19” racking systems (but are not included with EX7100 terminals). > Ensure that the terminal’s chassis ground is connected to the equipment rack’s ground via the chassis earth screw terminal. (Refer to Section 2.8) 2.6 Cable Connections 2.6.1 General Cable configuration is dependent on the variant of the terminal being installed, i.e. Data, Exchange, or Subscriber. (Refer to section 1.2) However, there are some generic connections required, regardless of variant type: > The RF connection, > The power supply connection, > The earth connection. RF Connection VHF system: The VHF EX7100 uses an internal duplexer Connect the antenna’s coaxial cable to the N-type socket marked ‘ANT’. UHF system: The UHF EX7100 uses an externally mounted duplexer. Connect the antenna’s coaxial cable to the N-type antenna socket on the lid of the terminal. If the duplexer leads have been disconnected from RF connectors on the rear panel, it is important they are reconnected correctly. The connector marked thus: is connected to the Transmitter. (RF out). The connector marked thus: is connected to the Receiver. (RF in). 1 One U = 44.5 mm or 1 ¾ inch
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-6 Issue 3 - August 2001 If the terminal’s transmitter frequency is higher than it’s receiver frequency, the RF output connector should be connected to the high-pass side of the duplexer. If the terminal’s transmitter frequency is lower than it’s receiver frequency, the RF output connector should be connected to the low-pass side of the duplexer. Figure 2.3 below shows the RF connections for a UHF duplexer. Figure 2.3: UHF Duplexer Connections A suitable lightning arrestor must be installed at all times in the coax cable between the EX7100 terminal and the antenna. BRBPBand Reject Band Pass Filter(HPF)BPBRBand Pass Band RejectFilter(LPF)4 Cavity Duplex filterHigh Lowlow passadjustmentHigh passadjustmentTx or Rx Tx or RxAntenna1234567A B C D E F G H I J
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-7 Issue 3 - August 2001 The arrester must have a direct earth connection and must be mounted at either the base of the antenna mast or where the coax cable enters the building. For further detail on mounting the antenna, refer to the documentation that accompanies it. Note: Ensure that any coaxial connectors exposed to the weather are adequately protected with suitable weatherproof tape that completely seals the connector from moisture. DC Power Input The EX7100 terminal is supplied with two variants of internal power supply: > 10.8 VDC – 30 VDC Input > 30 VDC – 60 VDC Input If the terminal is to be powered by an existing DC power supply, ensure the voltage supplied by the power supply system falls within one of the ranges detailed above. Note: The terminal has a built-in sensing circuit and will not operate if the supply voltage or polarity is incorrect. DC Input cabling should be capable of carrying 15 Amps @ 12V, 7.5 Amps @ 24V, and 4.0 Amps @ 48V. The maximum permitted voltage drop in the cable is 200mV. Note: The terminal requires an external fuse (not supplied) within the DC Input cabling. Fuse ratings vary depending on the nominal DC input voltage used: Nominal DC Input Voltage Fuse Rating 12 V DC 60 Amp HRC type 24 V DC 30 Amp HRC type 48 V DC 20 Amp HRC type HRC fuses should be used with a minimum current breaking capacity of 5000 Amps (as lead acid batteries are likely to be used to back up the DC supply) NOTICE Supply power to this equipment must be provided via an approved power supply whose output voltages are in accordance with the Safety Extra Low Voltages (SELV) limits as specified in IEC950. Failure to operate this equipment with this type of power supply would void safety approvals
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-8 Issue 3 - August 2001 Connect the power supply cable to the 3-way connector marked ‘- GND +’. The DC input lines on this connector are floating and have no power connection to the chassis ground (neither the positive nor the negative terminal is connected to the EX7100 chassis). This enables the EX7100 to be powered from either a positive or negative ground supply. The centre terminal of the DC input connector is connected to the EX7100’s chassis and may be strapped to the side of the DC input that is at station ground potential. 2.7 Terminal Type Specific Connections The EX7100 is supplied as one of three types, Data, Exchange, or Subscriber. (Refer to section 1.2). The interface connections to each terminal type are different. Connection details for the three terminal types are as follows: 2.7.1 Digital Data Terminal Connections The EX7100 provides both synchronous Data, e.g. V.35 and CCITT G.703, digital interfaces. The terminal automatically detects the presence of a digital interface card. Selection of the interface required is made in software using the front panel keypad. Refer to Section 3.4.1 for configuration details. Synchronous Data (V.35 or RS-232) Once selected, the synchronous Data interface is made available on the DB15 connector labelled ‘SYNC DATA’ on the terminal’s rear panel. Detailed pin-out information can be found in Appendix A.4. An adapter cable is available to cater for EX7100 to standard V.35 or RS-232 conversion. Contact your Exicom International Supplier for details. Note: Modification to the EX7100 terminal is required to change between V.35 (V.11) signal levels, and RS-232 (V.24) signal levels. Contact Exicom for details G.703 Once selected, the G.703 interface is made available on the DB15 connector labelled ‘G.703’ (for detailed pin-out information refer to Appendix A.3) and also on the pair of BNC connectors labelled ‘G.703’, on the terminal’s rear panel. The DB15 connector provides a 120 Ohm co-directional interface, whereas the BNC connectors provide a 75 Ohm co-directional interface. It should be noted that the arrows alongside the BNC connectors indicate the data flow to and from the terminal. 2.7.2 Exchange Terminal Connections The EX7100 Exchange terminal allows connection of six 2-wire telephone circuits; six 4-wire+E&M telephone circuits, or six 4-wire+E&M point-to-point circuits (up to 9600bps). All circuits are connected to the terminal via the 50-way Champ connector, labelled ‘LINE INTERFACE’, on the terminal’s rear panel. (For detailed pin-out information refer to Appendix A.6)
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-9 Issue 3 - August 2001 The Exchange Terminal may be supplied with a 3 or 10 metre cable that can be plugged directly into this connector. The other end of this cable should be terminated into the PSTN’s MDF. Contact your Exicom International Supplier for details. Note: The EX7100 automatically detects the presence of an Exchange interface card. The terminal is configured for 2-wire or 4-wire+E&M, in software via the front panel keypad. Refer to Section 3.4.3 for configuration details. The Exchange terminal may also be software configured, via the front panel keyboard, as a point to point Data terminal. Refer to Section 3.4.3 for configuration details. 2.7.3 Subscriber Terminal Connections The EX7100 Subscriber terminal provides six 2-wire telephone circuits for connection to equipment such as telephones, payphones, EFT-POS terminals, etc. These circuits are accessed from the terminal via the 50-way Champ connector, labelled ‘LINE INTERFACE’, on the terminal’s rear panel. (For detailed pin-out information refer to Appendix A.6) The Subscriber terminal may be supplied with a 3 or 10 metre cable that can be plugged directly into this connector. The un-terminated end of the cable may be either wired directly to the user equipment, to an existing MDF, or to Exicom’s optional Line Terminating Frame (LTF). Contact your Exicom International Supplier for details Note: The EX7100 automatically detects the presence of a Subscriber interface card. The LTF is available with various connector options, as well as optional Primary Lightning Protection circuitry. Contact your Exicom International Supplier for further details. 2.8 Earthing the Terminal The provision of a suitable earth for the terminal is the responsibility of the installer. The EX7100 has a screw terminal on the rear panel to connect the terminal to earth. This will assist in preventing damage to the terminal from lightning strikes, particularly strikes to the telephone cables. Protection from strikes to the antenna system may be provided by fitting the recommended antenna lightning arrester. For these protective measures to be effective, the system requires a good earth connection. Mains earth is not adequate, nor is a thin wire or any wire with bends or twists in it. The best earth connection is using a suitably heavy wire (e.g. >4 mm2 copper cable) connected straight to an earthing stake driven into the ground If this is not possible, connect the earth cable to the equipment rack ground system. 2.9 Other Rear Panel Connections The EX7100 is fitted with several other rear panel connectors as detailed below. Some of these connectors will not be used for all applications, however descriptions of their functions are detailed below. Note: Detailed pin-out information can be found in Appendix A.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-10 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.9.1 Control A DB9 connector provides access to the internal RS-485 bus for future expansion of the EX7100, and for back-to-back repeater connection. This connector will allow system control of externally mounted interface cards that are yet to be developed. The Control bus is not user accessible. 2.9.2 LMS A DB9 connector provides access to the internal RS-485 bus to allow daisy chaining of multiple terminals (refer Networking EX7100 Terminals, section 4.7), or connection to an external PC running Exicom Link Management System (ELMS) software. Refer Appendix B-2. 2.9.3 I/O A DB25 connector provides high and low priority alarm outputs, and six input/output contacts for connection of non-latching externally generated site alarms that are sent across the radio link when triggered. Important Note: The I/O port is optically isolated. Details of maximum voltages and currents are given in Appendix A.5. Failure to comply with this criteria may cause damage to the I/O port. External Site Alarms The EX7100 provides the facility to connect up to six non-latching external alarm contacts which, when triggered, are sent across the radio link. Alarms may include: Site door alarm, site fire alarm, or generator fuel low alarm. When an external alarm contact closes, the alarm is sent across the link, via the engineering channel, and the corresponding output at all intermediate terminals are triggered. An external alarm appears on the front panel along with standard alarms. Figure 2.4: External Alarms 2.9.4 RF Allows connection to an externally mounted Duplexer, if required. (For example, UHF Duplexer Type 8045) EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100RepeaterRS-485EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100Transmitted Burglar AlarmDirection of AlarmBurglar AlarmExternal input 0 goes lowExternal output 0 goes lowI/OReceived Burglar AlarmExternal output 0 goes lowI/OReceivedBurglar AlarmExternal output 0goes low External output 0goes lowI/O
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-11 Issue 3 - August 2001 2.10 Powering up the Terminal 2.10.1 General Before powering up, ensure that all cables are connected correctly and that there is DC power to the EX7100 terminal. Pay particular attention to the RF cable assembly, ensuring all connections are tight. The EX7100 on/off switch is located on the rear panel. Note: This switch has an interlocking feature that prohibits accidental switch off. To toggle the switch on or off you must pull the switch gently forward. 2.10.2 Procedure Turn on the EX7100 terminal with the on/off switch. The EX7100 will perform an internal initialisation test, before settling to its idle state. Figure 2.5: EX7100 Front Panel Display - Initialisation Test In this idle state, the front panel LCD will display: Figure 2.6: EX7100 Front Panel Display – Idle State Note: ‘Exicom EX7100’ is the factory default terminal descriptor. This descriptor can be any 16 character string, and may be changed at any time (Refer to Section 3.4.1). If this descriptor was specified at time of order, the display will reflect that. For example: Figure 2.7: EX7100 Front Panel Display – Order Specified Terminal Descriptor If the Operating Mode is configured as ‘100%’ mode, the ‘Tx on’ LED will light and the system will attempt to establish a link with the remote terminal. This condition will continue until a link has been established, indicated by the ‘Rx lock’ LED being lit. If the Operating mode is configured as ‘on-demand’ the terminal will not turn on its transmitter until a valid request is sent from the relevant user interface, e.g. telephone off-hook. initialising ■■■■■■■■■ Exicom EX7100 1 Jan 1210:01 Exchange no 1 1 Jan 1210:01
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-12 Issue 3 - August 2001 It is now recommended that you proceed to Section 3 ‘Configuring the Terminal’, to ensure that the EX7100 terminal has been configured for your specific application. 2.11 Final Antenna Alignment 2.11.1 General This part of the installation requires two people, or one person with an analogue voltmeter plugged into the terminals front panel monitoring point. The voltmeter leads need to be long enough for the installer to view the display while rotating the antenna. You will also need to refer to Section 3 of this Manual for instructions on using the EX7100’s front panel. Do not stand in front of the antenna, as electromagnetic radiation may be hazardous to your health. Leave at least 1 metre between the installer and the antenna as shown below Figure 2.8: Antenna Alignment 2.11.2 Alignment Sequence 1) Set up a Test Link by following the procedure outlined in Section 4.3.1. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Antenna Align and then press ‘Enter’ 12345678 →antenna align
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 2-13 Issue 3 - August 2001 3) The local terminal’s transmitter will turn off (Tx LED will go off), allowing the user to adjust the antenna safely. The remote Tx will remain on for up to 60 minutes. RSSI is now displayed on the screen as well as on the voltmeter inputs on the front panel. 4) While one person watches the RSSI level, the other should move the antenna direction slightly until the RSSI level is at its highest. This is the optimum antenna alignment. Make sure you stand at least one metre behind the active element while taking a reading so as not to cause interference. Tighten the mounting bolts. (Note: One person can do both tasks if a voltmeter with long leads is connected to the jacks on the front panel. 5) Press ‘Escape’. The link will restart and the menu will return to Antenna Align. Press ‘Escape’ again then use the up and down arrows to make sure the →→→→ is next to End Remote Tests and then press ‘Enter’. This completes the installation of the terminal. Repeat this “Final Antenna Alignment” procedure for the other terminal. RSSI: -90 dbm ■■■■■■■■■■■ Start tests →end remote tests RSSI: -95 DBM ■■■■■■■■■
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-1 Issue 3 - August 2001 3 Configuring the Terminal 3.1 General In many cases, the terminal will have been configured in the factory, however it is recommended that certain operating parameters be checked and corrected as required before attempting to set-up a link. The EX7100 is equipped with a powerful configuration, monitoring, and diagnostic, system that may be accessed using the six-button keypad and LCD on the front panel. The front panel also has four LED's that indicate the operating status of the terminal, as well as any alarms being generated by the terminal. 3.2 Using the Keypad The EX7100 six-button keypad allows the user to scroll through the user interface menu, and then select, or change, the relevant parameters. The EX7100 terminal is protected from unauthorised use by two levels of password control. The First level password is required to allow access to the menu system. This password is ‘1111’, and cannot be changed. A Second Level password is required to change some of the key operating parameters of the system. This password may be changed at any time from the Exicom default value of ‘1234’. Refer to Section 3.4.1 for details. Figure 3.1: EX7100 Front Panel Display and Keypad Direction Buttons The four direction buttons provide up and down scrolling, as well as moving the cursor left and right along any particular line. Example: To change the default second level password from ‘1234’ to ‘2222’ (Refer to Section 3.4.1 for full details): > Use the right arrow key to position the ↑↑↑↑ under the ‘1’. > Press the up arrow key once to change the ‘1’ to a 2. > Press the right arrow key twice to position the ↑↑↑↑ under the ‘3’. > Press the down arrow key once to change the ‘3’ to a 2. > Press the right arrow key once to position the ↑↑↑↑ under the ‘4’. > Press the down arrow key twice to change the ‘4’ to a 2. Exicom EX7100 1 Jan 1200.01
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-2 Issue 3 - August 2001 > Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes. Note: The user menu is not a continuous loop. Once the cursor reaches the bottom of the menu, you must use the up arrow to step back up to the top. Similarly, once the cursor reaches the top of the menu you must use the down arrow to step back down. ‘Enter’ Key The ‘Enter’ key operates the same as a computer keyboard ‘Enter’ key. This will accept any changes you have made to a parameter, or access the next menu level if available. This will be indicated by a →→→→ symbol. ‘Escape’ Key The ‘Escape’ key enables the user to back out of a menu location. 3.3 The User Interface Menu The 16x2 digit display lets the user see two lines of the menu at once. As the user scrolls up or down through the menu, the →→→→ symbol will indicate which line will be selected if the ‘Enter’ key is pressed. The currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk ∗. If the →→→→ is positioned next to the ∗, the indicator changes to a double arrow. When viewing certain parameters, the LCD will give a numerical reading as well as a graphical display. For example, an RSSI reading may look like this: Figure 3.2: EX7100 Front Panel Display – RSSI Reading 3.4 Changing Parameters This section is split into four areas: Universal Parameters (refer to Section 3.4.1) This section explains how to check and reconfigure certain operating parameters, which are generic to all EX7100 terminals, whether Data, Exchange, or Subscriber. Data Terminal Parameters (refer to Section 3.4.2) This section explains how to check and reconfigure certain operating parameters, which are specific to 64kbps Data terminals only. Exchange Terminal Parameters (refer to Section 3.4.3) This section explains how to check and reconfigure the operation of certain parameters that are specific to Exchange terminals only. Note that an Exchange terminal normally connects to the PSTN or a PABX. When used in conjunction with a Subscriber terminal the system provides six replacement telephone circuits. RSSI: -95 DBM ■■■■■■■
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-3 Issue 3 - August 2001 Two Exchange terminals may also be configured as a 4-wire Point to Point system. In this mode, the system provides six, 4-wire trunked audio circuits with E & M wire control signalling. Subscriber Terminal Parameters (refer to Section 3.4.4) This section explains how to check and reconfigure the operation of certain parameters, which are specific to Subscriber terminals only. 3.4.1 Universal Parameters Passwords. EX7100 is protected by two levels of passwording. The Low Level password is required to access the front panel menu system and is factory fixed as ‘1111’. This cannot be changed by the user. The High (or Second) Level password (required to change important operating parameters) may be changed from the Exicom factory default setting of ‘1234’ to any four-digit number. Note 1: If the high level password is changed and the new password subsequently forgotten, you will need to contact Exicom for a ‘backdoor’ password. Note 2: It is possible to disable either/both passwords as detailed below. It should be noted however, that disabling the passwords will allow any unauthorised person to change the terminal’s configuration. Changing the Second Level Password. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ You will be asked to enter the password. Note this is the First Level password which is factory fixed at ‘1111’ Use the arrow keys to enter ‘1111’, then press ‘Enter’. (Note: the up and down arrows increase or decrease the number above the ↑↑↑↑ symbol) 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Passwords. Press ‘Enter’ 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Change Password. Press ‘Enter’ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller RF PARAMETERS Set Time / date →passwords →change password disable lo p/word
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-4 Issue 3 - August 2001 5) You will be asked to enter the old Second Level password. If this is still set to the factory default value, use the arrow keys to enter ‘1234’, then press ‘Enter’ 6) You will be asked for the new Second Level password. Use the arrow keys to change the old password to the required new password and press ‘Enter’ 7) You will be asked to confirm the new password. Use the arrow keys to re-enter the new Password, and press ‘Enter’ 8) The new Second Level password is now set. Press ‘‘Escape’’ until the display returns to idle. Disabling the Passwords. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ You will be asked to enter the password. Note this is the First Level password which is factory fixed at ‘1111’ Use the arrow keys to enter ‘1111’, then press ‘Enter’. (Note: the up and down arrows increase or decrease the number above the ↑↑↑↑ symbol) 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Passwords. Press ‘Enter’ 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to ‘Disable Lo Lvl’, or ‘Disable Hi Lvl’. Press ‘Enter’ 5) You will be asked to enter the old Second Level password. If this is still set to the factory default value, use the arrow keys to enter ‘1234’, then press ‘Enter’ 6) The password has now been disabled. To re-enable the password, follow the same process. Old p/word: 0* * * ↑ New p/word: 0* * * ↑ Confirm p/w: 0*** ↑ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller RF PARAMETERS Set Time / date →passwords change password →Disable lo lvl Old p/word: 0* * * ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-5 Issue 3 - August 2001 Changing the Time and Date. The Time and Date should be changed to reflect local settings. Note that the date field follows the UK format: DD/MM/YY. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Set Time/Date. Press ‘Enter’ 4) The current time and date is displayed. As in the example at the start of this section, use the arrow keys to change the time and date to the required local settings and then press ‘Enter’ The new time takes effect when the ‘Enter’ key is pressed. 5) Press ‘‘Escape’’ until the display returns to idle Operating Mode. Ensure that this parameter is set to either: > Terminal 100% (link is continually up), > Terminal On Demand (link is up only with traffic), > Repeater 100% (terminal configured as a repeater transmitting continually), > Repeater On Demand (terminal configured as a repeater transmitting only with traffic). 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’. 3) The screen will read Operating Mode. Press ‘Enter’ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Operating mode →set time/date 1201:01 01/01/98 ↑ →Controller RF PARAMETERS →operating mode set Time / date Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller rf parameters
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-6 Issue 3 - August 2001 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required operating mode and then press ‘Enter’. Note that the current setting is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘‘Escape’’ until the display returns to idle. Link ID. The Link ID stops the EX7100 from setting up a link with an interfering RF signal. There are 99 possible numbers from 1-99. (The factory default setting is 01) Both terminals in the link must have the same Link ID setting. (If a repeater configuration is used, see Section 8, all terminals must have the same link ID). 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys until the →→→→ is next to Change Link ID and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the arrow keys to enter the required link identification number (0-99) Note: all terminals in a link must have the same Link ID (including repeaters). Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes. 5) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. Terminal Descriptor. If required, a 16-character description of the terminal can be set. If changed from the factory default setting, the terminal descriptor will be displayed on the front panel while the user interface is idle, and will be displayed instead of the ESN when being accessed from a remote location. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’. Change password →change Link id Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller rf parameters Link id: 01 ↑ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller rf parameters →terminal 100% term on demand
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-7 Issue 3 - August 2001 3) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to Terminal Desc. Press ‘Enter’ 4) Use the keypad to set the required terminal description and then press ‘Enter’. 5) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. Changing the RF Channel Increment. The EX7100 provides RF Frequency increments of either 6.25 kHz (Exicom factory default setting), or 5.0 kHz. Depending on the operating frequencies you require, it may be necessary to change this setting to the other value. Example: If your required frequencies are not divisible by 6.25 kHz you will need to set the channel increments to 5.0 kHz. The procedure below is particular to a link at idle. If a link is already established, or you wish to change the channel increment remotely, the ‘Change Frequency’ command must be used to action the changes. Refer to Section 4.3.3 for details. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Chan Increment. Press ‘Enter’. 4) An asterisk (*) shows which increment setting is currently in use. If required, use the up and down arrow keys to toggle between the two settings. Press ‘Enter’ to accept the change. 5) If the current operating frequencies are incompatible with the new channel increment, the terminal will display an error message. The operating frequencies will need to be adjusted as required to suit. 6) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. →chan increment Tx frequency Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Controller →RF PARAMETERS Change link ID →terminal desc Exicom ex7100 ↑ Error: tx,rx not On 25khz step → 5 khz * 6.25 khz
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-8 Issue 3 - August 2001 Changing the Local Transmitter Frequency. Ensure the Transmitter is set to operate on the required frequency. Notes: - This procedure is specific to a local transmitter. To change the frequency of a remote transmitter refer to Section 4.3.3. - The EX7100’s front panel tuning range is limited. If a frequency change of more than 100kHz is required, it will be necessary to manually retune some parts of the RF Section of the radio. Transmitter module re-tuning instructions are detailed in Sections 7.3.3 (VHF) and 7.4.3 (UHF). Duplexer module re-tuning instructions are given in Sections 7.9.3 (VHF) and 7.10.3 (UHF). In addition, it may be necessary to replace the Duplexer module if a large change in frequency is required. Refer Section 7.9.4 (VHF) and 7.10.5 (UHF). Reserved Frequencies - There are a number of internationally agreed frequencies that have been reserved exclusively for Distress and Safety Communications. It is therefore necessary to prevent transmission on the reserved frequencies (as well as the frequencies one channel either side of the reserved frequencies) Affected VHF frequencies: 156.525 MHz (± 5 or 6.25 kHz) & 156.800 MHz (± 5 or 6.25 kHz) Affected UHF frequency: 406.000 MHz (± 5 or 6.25 kHz) It is not possible to enter the above frequencies during the Tx frequency change procedure outlined below (note that this only affects the Tx frequency procedure, the Rx frequency procedure will allow selection of the frequencies but the corresponding transmitter cannot be set) 1) The local transmitter must not be transmitting. Setting the terminal to “On- demand” operating mode will ensure the transmitter is idle as long as there is no data traffic. From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →Controller rf parameters
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-9 Issue 3 - August 2001 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Operating mode. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Term On Demand. Press ‘Enter’. (The Tx On LED will extinguish after 10 seconds). 5) Press ‘Escape’ to return to the main menu. Select RF parameters and press ‘Enter’. 6) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Tx Frequency. Press ‘Enter’ 7) The current frequency setting is displayed. Press ‘Enter’ to change the frequency. 8) You will be asked for the Second Level password. Exicom’s factory default is ‘1234’. If the default password does not give access, see your System Engineer as the password may have been changed (refer to Section 3.4.1 for details). 9) The current frequency is displayed. Using the arrow keys, change the frequency to the required setting. Press ‘Enter’ (Note: When the cursor is under the least significant digit, the frequency will increase/decrease by the channel spacing). The new frequency has now been set. Press ‘Escape’ until the main menu is displayed. 10) If required, repeat steps 3 and 4 to return the terminal to 100% operation. Press ‘Escape’ until the menu returns to idle. chan increment →tx frequency Tx: 150.01275 mhz →change Freq Password 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ ↑ Tx: 150.01275 mhz ↑ →Operating Mode SET TIME/date Terminal 100% →Term on demand Controller →RF parameters
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-10 Issue 3 - August 2001 Changing the Local Receiver Frequency. Ensure the Receiver is set to operate on the required frequency. Notes: - This procedure is specific to terminals in their idle state. To change the Rx frequency while a link is established, see 4.3.3. - The EX7100’s front panel tuning range is limited. If a frequency change of more than 100kHz is required, it will be necessary to manually retune some parts of the RF Section of the radio. Receiver module re-tuning instructions are detailed in Sections 7.7.3 (VHF) and 7.8.3 (UHF). Duplexer module re-tuning instructions are given in Sections 7.9.3 (VHF) and 7.10.3 (UHF). In addition, it may be necessary to replace the Duplexer module if a large change in frequency is required. Refer Section 7.9.4 (VHF) and 7.10.5 (UHF). 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters. Press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Rx Frequency. Press ‘Enter’ 4) The current frequency setting is displayed. Press ‘Enter’ to change the frequency. 5) You will be asked for the Second Level password. Exicom’s factory default is ‘1234’. If the default password does not give access, see your System Engineer as the password may have been changed (refer to Section 3.4.1 for details). 6) The current frequency is displayed. Using the arrow keys, change the frequency to the required setting. Press ‘Enter’ (Note: When the cursor is under the least significant digit, the frequency will increment/decrement by the channel spacing). 7) Press ‘Escape’ until the menu returns to idle. The frequency change is now complete. Tx frequency →rx frequency rx 155.01275 mhz ↑ rx 155.01275 mhz →change freq Controller →rf parameters Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Password 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-11 Issue 3 - August 2001 Transmitter RF Power Level. Ensure the transmitter power level is set as required. The power level is selectable in 3dB steps (0.25W, 0.5W, 1W, and 2W for a 2 Watt system, and 1.25W, 2.5W, 5W, and 10W for a 10 Watt system). Note: EX7100 RF power output is measured as PEP (Peak Envelope Power1. The EX7100 exhibits a reduced power output level during the initial period while attempting to establish a link with the remote terminal, to minimise local coupling into the receiver. The power level will ‘ramp’ upwards until reaching the selected level after successful modem lock. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to Tx Power and then press ‘Enter’. 4) The current Tx Power will be displayed. Press the down key followed by ‘Enter’ to change the power level. 5) You will be asked for the Second Level password. Exicom’s factory default is ‘1234’. If the default password does not give access, see your System Engineer as the password may have been changed (refer to Section 3.4.1 for details). 6) Use the up and down arrow keys to select the required Tx Power Level and then press ‘Enter’. Note that the currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 7) The new setting is now in effect. Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. 1 Average power, as measured with a Bird Wattmeter, is calculated as 7.25 dB lower than PEP, as described in the ITU Radio Relay Handbook, 1996, pages 152-153. (EX7100 roll-off filter is 0.3) →Rf parameters framer rssi →Tx power Tx pwr: 2.5 W →set rf level Password ∗ 1 ∗ ∗ ↑ Password 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ ↑ 1.25W →2.5W
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-12 Issue 3 - August 2001 Interface Type. Check that the terminal is set for either, G.703 (Codir or Contra), Synchronous Data, Exchange, or Subscriber as required for connection to your external equipment. This may be checked on the Framer menu location. Important note for 4-wire+E&M Point to Point operation: Although both terminals are configured as Exchange terminals, the Framer Interface in one of the terminals must be set to ‘Subscriber’ to allow correct synchronisation. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to Framer and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Interface and press ‘Enter.’ 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to the required interface type. Press ‘Enter’ to accept. Note that the currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘‘Escape’’ until the display returns to idle. 3.4.2 Data Terminal Parameters Transmit Data Clock Synchronisation. For each digital interface, the 64kbps transmitted data may be synchronised to one of three options. These are: 1) Synchronise to clock from incoming data (Sync to Rx), 2) Synchronise to external network clock (Ext sync clock), 3) Synchronise to EX7100 internal clock, derived from a TCXO (Internal Ref). The selection made will depend on the equipment being connected to the EX7100 terminal. Setting the clock synchronisation to ‘Sync to Rx’ will suit most applications that use external equipment as the clock source (Exicom factory default setting). Note: The internal six-channel multiplexer uses automatic internal synchronisation, and does not need to be configured. Rf parameters →framer → G.703 codir G.703 contra Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →interface Tx Data Clock
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-13 Issue 3 - August 2001 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Framer. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Data Clock. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrows to select the digital interface being used. Press ‘Enter’. 5) Select the synchronisation source required. Press ‘Enter’. Note that the currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 6) Press ‘Escape’ until the menu returns to idle. Sync Data Polarity. When using the synchronous data interface (e.g. V.35), the polarity of the clock signals may become critical to the successful interfacing of EX7100 to external devices. Many V.35 devices, especially those manufactured in North America, may have their clock and/or data signals inverted. For this reason, EX7100 allows the user to select either normal or inverted clock signals. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Framer. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Data Clock. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrows to select the sync data interface. Press ‘Enter’. 5) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Polarity or Rx Polarity (as required) Press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Rf parameters →framer Interface →Tx Data Clock →G.703 Sync data int ref →Sync to rx Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Rf parameters →framer Interface →Tx Data Clock G.703 →Sync data Clock source →tx polarity
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-14 Issue 3 - August 2001 6) Select the polarity required. Press ‘Enter’. Note: Some V.35 devices also require that the Data signals be inverted. This may be achieved by simply swapping the (+) and (-) legs of the Tx Data and/or Rx Data connections. 3.4.3 Exchange Terminal Parameters If a terminal contains an Exchange Interface card, an Exchange menu becomes available containing the following parameters: Operating Mode. An Exchange terminal can be supplied to operate either with a Subscriber terminal: as a six-channel telephone system, or with another Exchange terminal: as a six-channel, trunked point-to-point, 4-wire+E&M system. The latter mode enables the user to link PABX or PSTN trunks using the E&M signal wires as control lines. Refer also to ‘Interface Type’ (page 3-12) if configuring a 4-wire point-to-point system 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Operating Mode. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to select the mode required. Press ‘Enter’. Note that the currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Channel Set-up. Each of the six telephone circuits may be set for 2-wire, or 4-wire+E&M interface, and the line impedance may be set for either 600 ohms, 900 ohms, or complex (actual complex impedance network required must be specified: factory standard = BT3), as required by the PSTN or external device. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange →Operating mode Channel setup Point to point →Ex to Sub Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →normal inverted
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-15 Issue 3 - August 2001 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Channel Set-up. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to position the ↑ below the channel number and use the up and down arrow keys to select the required channel. For each channel, use the same method to select the interface and line impedance required. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes to each channel. NB: All channels may be set the same by selecting ‘ALL’ 5) When all channels have been checked/set, press ‘Escape’ to exit menu. Payphone Metering Frequency. Payphone metering (12kHz or 16kHz) compatibility is provided for tariff charging. As standard, these signals are passed in the exchange to subscriber direction only. Note that a channel with metering enabled will still operate with a standard telephone circuit. Note also that line reversal payphone detection is automatic and does not need to be configured from the front panel. Compatibility with ‘smart’ payphone systems should be discussed with Exicom 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Metering. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Select ‘Frequency’ to set the metering to either 12 or 16 kHz. Select ‘Enable’ to turn on the metering facility for each channel. NB: All channels can be turned on or off by selecting ‘ALL’. 5) When all channels have been checked/set, press ‘Escape’ to exit menu. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange Channel setup →Metering PSU monitoring →Exchange Operating mode →Channel setup Ch:1 2W 600Ω ↑ Ch:2 4W 600Ω ↑ →Frequency enable
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-16 Issue 3 - August 2001 Transmit Audio Line Level. The Transmit audio line level adjusts the audio path to be transmitted across the EX7100 link. The level set is described as the nominal level the EX7100 terminal expects to see on the line. Note: The nominal input level is then automatically adjusted within the DSP process to suit the System Reference Level. Refer to the diagram at the rear of this section for further details regarding this process. For each channel, the transmit audio line level is selectable in 0.5dB steps from -15dBm to +3dBm. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Level. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the required Tx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channels may be set to the same value by selecting ‘ALL”. (Note: Within a terminal the Tx line level must not be set lower than the Rx line level. For typical applications with short telephone cable runs, a Tx line level of 0dBm is recommended) 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Receive Audio Line Level. The Rx Line Level adjusts the audio path from the EX7100 terminal to the line. Note: The System Reference Level is automatically adjusted within the DSP process to provide the desired nominal output level. Refer to the diagram at the rear of this section for further details regarding this process. For each channel, the received audio line level is selectable in 0.5dB steps from -15dBm to +3dBm. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange Metering →tx level Ch: 1 lv: 0 dBm ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-17 Issue 3 - August 2001 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Rx Level. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the correct Rx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channel may be set to the same value by selecting 'ALL’. (Note: Within a terminal the Rx line level must not be set higher than the Tx line level. For typical applications with short telephone cable runs, an Rx line level of –3dbm is recommended) Automatic Fax/Data Detection. In an office environment, where telephones and fax machines are in close proximity, the EX7100 may false switch from voice mode to fax mode due to the coupling of nearby fax tones into the telephone microphone. This effectively terminates the current voice call. If this becomes an issue, it is possible to set the channels requiring voice traffic only to ignore any fax or modem tones. It should be noted that in doing so, no fax or modem traffic will be passed through that channel. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Fax/Data Detect. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Set auto detection on or off for each channel. Note: The factory default is auto-detection ON for all channels. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange Tx level →rx level Ch: 1 lv: 0 dbm ↑ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange Loopback →Fax/data detect Ch: all on ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-18 Issue 3 - August 2001 3.4.4 Subscriber Terminal Parameters. If a terminal is configured as a Subscriber Terminal, the following parameters should be checked: Ringer Frequency. The EX7100 is able to be configured to provide either 18Hz or 25Hz ringing frequency. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Ring. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to select the ringing frequency required. Press ‘Enter’. Note that the currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Line Termination Impedance. Each of the six channels may have a line impedance of 600Ω, 900Ω, or complex (actual complex impedance network must be specified: factory standard = BT3). 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Termination. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the line impedance for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channels may be set the same by selecting 'ALL’. 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber →ring termination →18hz 25hz Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber Ring →termination Ch: 1 600 Ω ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-19 Issue 3 - August 2001 Payphone Metering Frequency. As for the Exchange Terminal, check that the correct payphone metering frequency is selected (12 kHz or 16 kHz) for each channel pair. Note that line reversal detection is automatic and does not need to be configured. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Metering. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Select ‘Frequency’ to set the metering to either 12 or 16 kHz. Select ‘Enable’ to turn on the metering facility for each channel. NB: All channels can be turned on or off by selecting ‘ALL’. 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Transmit Audio Line Level. The Transmit audio line level adjusts the audio path to be transmitted across the EX7100 link. The level set is described as the nominal level the EX7100 terminal expects to see on the line. Note: The nominal input level is then automatically adjusted within the DSP process to suit the System Reference Level. Refer to the diagram at the rear of this section for further details regarding this process. For each channel, the transmit audio line level is selectable in 0.5dB steps from -15dBm to +3dBm 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Level. Press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber metering →tx level Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber termination →Metering → Frequency Enable
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-20 Issue 3 - August 2001 4) Use the keypad to set the required Tx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channels may be set to the same value by selecting ‘ALL’. (Note: Within a terminal, the Tx line level must not be set lower than the Rx line level. For typical applications with short telephone cable runs, a Tx line level of 0dBm is recommended.) 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Receive Audio Line Level. The Rx Line Level adjusts the audio path from the EX7100 terminal to the line. Note: The System Reference Level is automatically adjusted within the DSP process to provide the desired nominal output level. Refer to the diagram at the rear of this section for further details regarding this process For each channel, the received audio line level is selectable in 0.5dB steps from -15dBm to +3dBm. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to ‘Enter’ the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Rx Level. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the correct Rx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channels may be set to the same value by selecting ‘ALL’. (Note: Within a terminal the Rx line level must not be set higher than the Tx line level. For typical applications with short telephone cable runs, an Rx line level of –3dbm is recommended) 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber Tx level →rx level Ch: 1 lv: 0 dBm ↑ Ch: 1 lv: 0 dbm ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-21 Issue 3 - August 2001 Telephone Loop Current. If more than one telephone is to be connected to a channel, or if the telephone cabling is excessively long, the loop current may need to be increased to provide extra microphone and ringing current. The loop current may be set to either 25mA or 45mA, but should be left at 25mA if cabling is short. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Loop Current. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set each channel to the loop current required. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. NB: All channels may be set to the same value by selecting ‘ALL’. 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu. Automatic Fax/Data Detection. In an office environment, where telephones and fax machines are in close proximity, the EX7100 may false switch from voice mode to fax mode due to the coupling of nearby fax tones into the telephone microphone. This effectively terminates the current voice call. If this becomes an issue, it is possible to set the channels requiring voice traffic only to ignore any fax or modem tones. It should be noted that in doing so, no fax or modem traffic will be passed through that channel. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Fax/Data Detect. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Set auto detection on or off for each channel. Note: The factory default is auto-detection ON for all channels. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Subscriber Rx Level →loop current Ch: 1 25 ma ↑ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ PSU monitoring →Exchange Loopback →Fax/data detect Ch: all on ↑
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-23 Issue 3 - August 2001 Notes:1) System Reference Level is a fixed level 6dB below the audio clipping point within the EX7100 DSP process.2) The Tx Audio Level adjustment adds gain or loss to the desired nominal input level to achieve the System Reference Level.3) The Rx Audio Level adjustment adds gain or loss to the System Reference Level to achieve the desired nominal output level.4)Important: The EX7100 system requires a minimum of 3dB loss across the Link to ensure hybrid stability.Audio Noise FloorAudio clipping6dB Headroom-15dBm+3dBmEX7100 Link SystemLine Inpute.g. 0dBm Line outpute.g. -3dBmSystem Reference LevelTx Audio Level(Max)Tx Audio Level(Min)Rx Audio Level(Max)+3dBm-15dBmRx Audio Level(Min)Exchange/Subscriber Subscriber/ExchangeEX7100 Audio Line Levels
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-25 Issue 3 - August 2001 EX7100 System User Menu Flow diagram (Page 1 of 2)Exicom EX7100Time Date Enter PasswordRemote TestsControllerAlarmsSet Time / DatePasswordsOper ating ModeChange Link IDS/W VersionESNTerminal DescEnd Remote TestsStart TestsAlarm LogCurrent Al armsLink Up TimeRefer 4.3.1 Setti ng up aTest LinkRF ParametersFramerControllerPSU Moni toringSet Time/Date Change Link IDTerminal DescS/W VersionESNCurrent AlarmsAlarm Log Alarm PrioritiesLink Up TimeStarti ng remote menusessionList of ESNsAntenna AlignTx PowerChan IncrementTx Fr equencyLoop VoltsTx Temperatur eRx Fr equency5kHz 6.25kHzG703 ContraSync DataG703 CodirSubscriberExchangeSync DataG703LoopbackRemoteLocal+15 VDC Rail-15 VDC RailChar ge Cur rent-5 VDC Rail+5 VDC RaillInput CurrentTer minal 100%Term On DemandRepeater 100%Rptr On DemandTx PowerChan IncrementTx FrequencyLoop VoltsTx TemperatureRx Frequency+24 VDC Raill+15 VDC RailInput Voltage-15 VDC RailChar ge Current-5 VDC Rail+5 VDC RaillInput Cur rent5kHz 6.25kHzTermi nal 100%Term On DemandRepeater 100%Rptr On DemandG703 ContraSync DataG703 CodirSubscriberExchangeSync DataG703RemoteLocal1 Hr3 HrsOff6 Hrs18 Hrs12 Hrs9 Hrs24 HrsAlarm Pr iori tiesChange FreqsRSSI Tx Data ClockBERInterface3 Hrs6 Hrs18 Hr s12 Hr s9 Hrs24 Hrs1 HrOffAlarms+24 VDC Rai lInput VoltageInterface Tx Data ClockBERRSSITx Power DropLow RSSIVSWR AlarmSynth LossI/P Volts Faul tModem LockBERInt. Rail FaultTx Power DropLow RSSIVSWR AlarmSynth LossI/P Volts FaultModem LockBERInt. Rail FaultSync to RxExt Sync ClkInternal RefRx PolarityTx PolarityClock SourceSync to RxExt Sync ClkInternal RefRx PolarityTx PolarityClock SourceFramerPSU Moni toringRF ParametersMux Card(X)Mux Card(X)(X) See Page 2 if Internal Mux card is fitted.LoopbackAlign ModeOper ating Mode
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 3-26 Issue 3 - August 2001 EX7100 System User Menu Flow diagram (Page 2 of 2)(X) Subscr iber18 Hz25 HzCh: 1 Term: 600ΩCh: 1 Lvl: 0 dBCh: 1 Lvl: 0 dBCh: 1&2 Off(X)See Page 1 for main menu location.Channel SetupMeteringTx LevelRx LevelOperating Mode(X) ExchangeCh: 1 2W 600ΩCh: 1 Lvl: 0 dBCh 1 Lvl: 0 dBCh: 1&2 OffPoint to PointLoopbackCh: 1 OffTerminationMeteringTx LevelRx LevelRingLoop Cur rentLoopbackCh: 1 25 mACh: 1 OffEx to Sub
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-1 Issue 2 - August 2001 4 Monitoring and diagnostics 4.1 General The EX7100 is equipped with a powerful monitoring and diagnostic system that may be accessed using the six button keypad and LCD on the front panel. (Refer to Section 3.2 for information on how to use the Front Panel User Interface). The front panel also has four LED's that indicate the operating status of the terminal, as well as any alarms being generated by the terminal. Power LED: Indicates that the terminal is switched on, and the DC supply voltage is correct. Tx on LED: Indicates that the transmitter is turned on producing an RF output. Rx Lock LED: Indicates that the terminal has received a valid signal from the remote site and the internal modems have locked, or synchronised. Alarm LED: Flashes or lights red to indicate an alarm. Refer section 4.4 for details. It is possible, via the front panel, to view how the terminal is configured (refer to Section 3), monitor various operating parameters (Refer to Section 4.2), and set up the terminal to generate and log alarms for those parameters that may potentially cause link failure. This facility also allows the user to access any remote terminals within the local terminal’s RF path. (Refer to Section 4.3 Monitoring a Remote Terminal). With the addition of the optional ELMS (Exicom Link Management System) software, monitoring of multiple terminals is possible (Refer to Appendix B.1). 4.2 Monitoring the EX7100’s Operation The EX7100 User Interface allows the user to monitor the operation of the various modules that make up the radio terminal. This Section details the monitoring method for various parameters as follows: Note: Many of the instructions listed are similar to the configuration instructions previously given in Section 3. It is possible to view a changeable parameter without having to actually change it.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-2 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.2.1 RF Parameters > Channel Increment > Tx Frequency > Rx Frequency > Tx Power > Tx Temperature (Displays the temperature of the Power Amplifier heatsink) > RSSI > Synthesiser Loop Volts (Displays the loop voltage of the Rx and Tx frequency synthesisers – Refer RF alignment within Section 7 as required. To access RF Parameters: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrows to position the →→→→ next to the required parameter and then press ‘Enter’ to view. 4) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. Pressing ‘Escape’ three times will return the display to idle. 4.2.2 Power Supply Parameters The power supply provides the monitoring system with the status of all voltage rails, as well as DC input voltage and Input current drawn. > +5 VDC Rail > -5 VDC Rail > +15 VDC Rail > -15 VDC Rail > +24 VDC Rail > DC Input Voltage > Input Current > Charge Current.1 1 Requires an external shunt to operate. The shunt is not supplied as standard, it will need to be purchased separately. →rf parameters framer RSSI →tx power Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-3 Issue 2 - August 2001 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to PSU Monitoring and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrows to position the →→→→ next to the required parameter and then press ‘Enter’ to view. 4) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. 4.2.3 Framer Parameters > Bit Error Rate (BER) EX7100 provides an indicator of BER performance. This should not be used as an accurate measure of BER due to the lack of overhead bandwidth available. The system is able to process, and thus indicate a BER of: <1x10-6 (normal operation), 1x10-5, 1x10-4, and 1x10-3. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Framer and then press ‘Enter.’ 3) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to BER and then press ‘Enter’. 4) The value of BER is displayed. Press ‘Enter’ to change the BER Alarm trigger point. 5) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. 4.3 Monitoring a Remote Terminal From any terminal, it is possible to access the configuration, monitoring and diagnostics system of any other terminal in the RF path. Example (1) A two terminal link. Figure 4.1: Two Terminal Link framer →psu monitoring +5 VDC rail →-5 VDC Rail EX7100 Local Terminal EX7100 Remote Terminal Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ RF parameters →framer Tx Data Clock →ber Ber: <1 x10E-6 →set alarm point EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100 EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-4 Issue 2 - August 2001 Example (2) A link with a repeater. Data or Six Channel Two Data Terminals strapped as Repeaters Data or Six Channel Figure 4.2: Two Terminal link with Repeater Terminal 4.3.1 Setting Up a Test Link To perform remote monitoring it is necessary to set up a Test Link with the terminal to be interrogated, even if a link is already established due to normal traffic. A test link ensures that the radio link remains in place irrespective of whether there is traffic or not. Refer to the menu tree diagram at the end of Section 3. Following the path: Enter Password→Remote Tests→Start Tests→ • If a link is already established due to user traffic: There will be a short delay while the system checks for other terminals in the RF path 1) A list of terminal ESNs1 or terminal descriptors (if set) found will be displayed with the closest terminal at the top of the list. Choose the required terminal and then press ‘Enter’ • If a link is not already established: 1a) If any Link IDs in the path are unknown, a Test Link can be established by selecting Ignore Link ID: and then pressing ‘Enter’. 1b) If all Link IDs in the path are known, a Test Link can be established by selecting Use Link ID: and then pressing ‘Enter’. 1 If a terminals Terminal Descriptor has been changed from default (Refer to Section 3.4.1) it will be displayed instead of the terminal’s ESN. EX7100 Local Terminal EX7100 Data Terminal EX7100 Data Terminal EX7100 Remote Terminal EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100 EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100 EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100 EX7100 EXICOM o o o o o o o o EX7100 → 12345678 23456789 → ignore link id use link id:xx Ignore link id → use link id: xx → please wait getting chain
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-5 Issue 2 - August 2001 2) The link will take a few seconds to establish a link. 3) A list of terminal ESNs1 or terminal descriptors (if set) found will be displayed with the closest terminal at the top of the list. Choose the required terminal and then press ‘Enter’ The menu now displays the main menu of the remote terminal. All monitoring, diagnostic, and configuration parameters are now available for that terminal. The menu layout looks identical to that of a local terminal menu. Note 1: If the remote terminal is unable to be contacted, due to a faulty link or if another user is accessing the terminal, a message will be displayed: Note 2: When accessing a remote menu there will be a short delay between pressing a key and the menu changing, due to the limited data speed of the engineering channel. 4.3.2 Closing the Test Link When you have finished the remote interrogation, you should close down the test link, even if the link was already established (with data or telephone traffic). If a test link is not closed down manually it will be shut down automatically after 10 minutes. 1) Press the ‘Escape’ key until the menu display is as shown. Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to End Remote Tests and then press ‘Enter’. 2) If there is no telephone or data traffic using the system, the EX7100 will close down the link (both the Tx and Rx LED’s will go out). If there is telephone or data traffic using the system, the EX7100 will close down the test link, but the link will continue to operate (both the Tx and Rx LED’s will remain on). 3) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. Important Note: While a terminal is being remotely accessed, it will not be able to be accessed locally. The remote terminal display will read: Remote access Keyboard locked → 12345678 23456789 Please wait Setting up link Couldn’t contact Remote terminal Start tests →end remote tests
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-6 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.3.3 Changing Operating Frequencies Remotely As previously discussed in Section 3.4.1, it is possible to configure an EX7100 terminal remotely, with the process being identical to configuring a local terminal. There is however, a slight change in process when changing the Operating Frequencies or Channel Increment remotely, or locally with a link established. Consider a link operating on Tx 450.000 MHz and Rx 455.000 MHz, with a requirement to change this to Tx 450.050 MHz and Rx 455.050 MHz. If we followed the procedure outlined in Section 3.4.1 for an idle terminal, the local terminal’s frequencies would change but there would be no means of setting up a link with the remote terminal, as the new local frequencies would no longer match the remote terminal’s frequencies. Therefore, we would be unable to change the remote terminal’s frequencies unless we visited the remote site. Similarly, if it were possible to change the remote terminals frequencies, and an error was made in doing so, it would not be possible to remotely access the terminal to amend the error. For this reason, the EX7100 has a ‘smart’ Change Frequency command. If it is necessary to change the frequencies of a working link, this procedure must be used. This command allows the user to enter the new frequencies of all the terminals in the RF path, and then issue the command to change them all simultaneously. If the link is unable to be established on the new frequencies, the system automatically returns the link to the original frequencies. Important Note: The EX7100’s front panel tuning range is limited. If a frequency change of more than 100kHz is required, it will be necessary to manually retune some parts of the RF Section of the radio. Transmitter module re-tuning instructions are detailed in Sections 7.3.3 (VHF) and 7.4.3 (UHF). Receiver module re-tuning instructions are detailed in Sections 7.7.3 (VHF) and 7.8.3 (UHF). Duplexer module re-tuning instructions are given in Sections 7.9.3 (VHF) and 7.10.3 (UHF). In addition, it may be necessary to replace the Duplexer module if a large change in frequency is required. Refer Sections 7.9.4 (VHF) and 7.10.5 (UHF). Procedure: A) Use the procedure detailed in Section 4.3.1 ‘Setting Up a Test Link’, to gain access to the remote terminal’s menu system. B) Use the procedure detailed in Section 3.4.1 ‘Changing the Local Transmitter Frequency’ (steps 2-9), to change the remote terminal’s Tx frequency. Note: Although the new frequency will be displayed, it will not actually change until the Change Frequency command is given. C) Use the procedure detailed in Section 3.4.1 ‘Changing the Receiver Frequency’, to change the remote terminal’s Rx frequency.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-7 Issue 2 - August 2001 Note: Although the new frequency will be displayed, it will not actually change until the Change frequency command is given. D) If the link contains a repeater, press the ‘Escape’ key until the list of terminal ESNs is displayed. Select the most remote repeater terminal and repeat steps B and C. Press the ‘Escape’ key until the list of terminal ESNs is displayed. Select the other repeater terminal and repeat steps B and C. If the link does not contain a repeater, ignore this step. E) Press the Escape key to back through the menu. F) Use the up arrow key to make sure the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters, and press ‘Enter’. G) Repeat steps B and C. This will enter the Local Terminal’s new frequencies. H) Repeat step E. I) Use the down arrow key to make sure the →→→→ is next to Remote Tests. Press ‘Enter’. J) Use the down arrow key to make sure the →→→→ is next to Change Freqs. Press ‘Enter’. K) Enter the Second Level Password and press ‘Enter’. The link will shut down briefly, and then attempt to set-up a link using the new frequencies. If it is successful, the link will continue to operate using the new frequencies. If it is unable to set-up a link (i.e. one or more frequencies is incompatible) the link will again shut down briefly, then set-up the link using the old frequencies. Note: If the frequency change is successful, the following message is displayed: Warning: This message refers only to the local RF hop. There is no indication that all other frequencies in a multi-hop path have been successfully changed. If a multi-hop frequency change has been attempted it is recommended that the user access the terminals again, to check that the new frequencies are correct. If the frequency change is unsuccessful, the following message is displayed: The procedure will need to be repeated. Note: Any traffic using the link during a Change Frequency command will be lost. L) Use the Close Link procedure detailed in Section 4.3.2 to close down the Test Link. Change freqs ok. Using new freqs Change freqs fail. Using old freqs
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-8 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.4 EX7100 Internal Alarms The EX7100 terminal generates the following internal alarms: > Input Voltage (DC input voltage out of range: approx. 5% from shutdown voltages) > Low RSSI (Adjustable alarm set point, refer to Section 4.4.4) > Tx Power Drop (indicated a 3dB drop below current menu setting) > High VSWR > High BER (Adjustable alarm set point, refer to Section 4.2.3) > Modem Lock (Modems have lost clock sync) > Synth Loss (Rx or Tx frequency not locked) > Link Up Too Long > Link Failed (Locally generated link failure) > Internal Voltage Rails (Internal voltage rails out of range: approx. ± 10%) > Over Temperature Alarm (UHF 10 Watt system only, activates if Heatsink temperature exceeds 60°C) The user is able to assign either a High or a Low priority to each of these alarms. When a High priority alarm occurs, an opto-isolated output closes. When a Low priority alarm occurs, a second opto-isolated output closes. In either case, an alarm message is sent out of the LMS port. If a High priority alarm is triggered, a link set-up is attempted (if a link is not already in place) and the alarm transported to the remote end. At the remote end, and any intermediate repeater sites, the High priority output is activated and an alarm message is sent out to the LMS port. At any site, the user is able to scroll through active local and remote alarms via the front panel LCD. When any alarm event occurs, local or remote, the alarm LED on the front panel flashes red. When the user acknowledges the alarm using the front panel, the LED stops flashing but continues to glow red.1 4.4.1 Acknowledging an Alarm To acknowledge an alarm, follow the menu path: Enter Password→Alarms→Current Alarms 1 Any remote alarm(s) will be cleared whenever the link closes down, either by a user-action or a link failure.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-9 Issue 2 - August 2001 Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the current alarms until the new alarm is displayed. This is recognisable by the flashing * in the bottom left corner. Press ‘Enter’ to acknowledge the alarm. Note: To view the time and date stamp of the alarm toggle the left or right arrow key. When the alarm clears, the front panel LED extinguishes. If more than one alarm is present at one time, the above conditions apply until all alarms are acknowledged, and then cleared. Alarm events (either activating or clearing of any local or remote alarm) are stored in a log. Each entry includes a time and date stamp. The user is able to scroll through the alarm log. Note: The alarm log can hold 32 events. When the alarm log is full, the oldest alarm is overwritten. In the event of a power failure, the alarm log will be lost. 4.4.2 Setting Alarm Priorities To set Alarm Priorities (High or Low), follow the menu path: Enter Password→Alarms→Priorities 1) Press ‘Enter’. You will be given a list of all alarms available within the terminal 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to select the alarm you wish to set and then press ‘Enter’ to select. 3) The asterisk (*) indicates which priority is set for that alarm. Use the left and right arrow keys to change the priority and then press ‘Enter’ to accept the change. 4) Continue to check/set the priorities for each alarm and then press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. 4.4.3 Link Up Time Alarm The EX7100 provides an alarm to indicate when the link has been up longer than the set time limit. This may be useful in the case where a site is battery/solar powered and it is necessary to know if the link is being held up for any reason. The Link Up Time Alarm may be set for the following times: Off, 1 Hour, 3 Hours, 6 Hours, 9 Hours, 12 Hours, 18 Hours, 24 Hours. To set the Link Up Time Alarm: Local alarm ‘*’ Low RSSI Alarm Log → Priorities Low RSSI →Tx Power drop Tx power drop * low High
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-10 Issue 2 - August 2001 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Alarms and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Link Up Time and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required alarm time and then press ‘Enter’ to accept. Note that the currently selected option is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle 4.4.4 Low RSSI Alarm The user may set an RF level between -40dBm and -110dBm at which the Low RSSI Alarm will trigger. The Exicom default value is -96dBm. To set this trigger point: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys until the →→→→ is next to RF Parameters and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to position the →→→→ next to RSSI and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Press the down arrow key then press ‘Enter’. 5) Use the up and down arrow keys to select the required alarm trigger point, then press ‘Enter’. The currently selected setting is indicated by an asterisk. 6) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle Remote tests →Alarms Priorities →Link up time Off →1 hour Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →RSSI Tx power Rssi : -75dbm →set alarm point Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ →rf parameters framer * -100 dbm →-98 dbm
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-11 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.4.5 Over Temperature alarm The UHF 10 Watt system requires fan assisted cooling, due to the extra heat generated by the power amplifier. Two fans are controlled by the transmitter CPU. If the heatsink temperature exceeds 45°C one fan will be turned on. Every 40 hours (approx) the CPU will switch between the two fans to ensure an even lifecycle. If the heatsink temperature continues to rise above 55°C, both fans will be turned on simultaneously. If the heatsink temperature exceeds a maximum permitted level of 60°C, normally due to a total fan failure, an alarm will be generated. 4.5 Diagnostic Tools 4.5.1 System Align Mode To enable the user to retune the EX7100’s RF section with the minimum of external test equipment, the terminal may be put into an Align Mode. In this mode, the internal modem is set to output fixed data patterns, with a constant AGC level, and the transmitter is keyed on. The user is then able to retune the Transmitter module as per the instructions in Section 7. Important Note: Retuning of the EX7100 requires removal of the terminal covers. This should only be done at an anti-static workstation. Two modes can be used to retune the RF Modules: The ‘CW’ mode provides a carrier output only. This enables the user to verify the transmitter operating frequency using a standard frequency counter. The ‘DSBSC’ mode provides a double side band, suppressed carrier output, to enable the user to adjust the transmitter carrier null, and also to measure Transmitter RF Power (PEP). 1) Align Mode cannot be accessed if the link is established or the Transmitter is on. Ensure this is not the case by setting the Terminal’s Operating Mode to “On-demand”. 2) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller and then press ‘Enter’ 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Align Mode and then press ‘Enter’. 5) Use the keypad to select the required modulation and Tx power level, then press ‘Enter’. 6) Press ‘Escape’ to disable and exit out of Align Mode. →Controller Rf Parameters S/w version →Align Mode →mod: ∗ cw dsbsc tx: ∗ low norm Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-12 Issue 2 - August 2001 Key: MOD = Modulation. CW = Carrier only. DSBSC = Double side band at +/- 8kHz from centre frequency. Tx = Transmit power level. Low = Set to lowest menu setting. Normal = Set to current user setting. 4.5.2 Digital Loopbacks The EX7100 is able to loopback the 64kbps digital data in the following configurations: Figure 4.3: Digital Loopback Configurations Local Loopback In Local loopback mode, the transmit 64kbps digital data stream, from the user interface, is looped within the framer to the receive 64kbps digital data stream, back to the user equipment. This enables the user to check the interface between the EX7100 and the user equipment. Notes: Local loopback operates for both G.703 and Synchronous Data inputs. Remote Loopback In Remote Loopback mode, the received RF into the EX7100 terminal is looped to the transmit RF line. This enables the user to check the radio path of the system. To set up a full path loopback the user would set-up a test link and set the remote terminal to remote loopback. Both loopbacks can be enabled for the local terminal as well as the remote terminal. Enabling Digital Loopbacks 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Framer and then press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ RF parameters →framer Framer Transmit RF Received RF Received Data Transmit Data EX7100 Local Loopback Remote Loopback RF Section
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-13 Issue 2 - August 2001 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 5) Use the keypad to enable the loopback function. Note: During loopback testing the channel is not available to user traffic. Ensure that the loopback mode is disabled when testing is completed as loopback modes do not time out automatically. Warning: Digital loopbacks should only be used with the system set for G.703 or V.35 (sync data) input. Do not attempt to use the digital loopbacks when the EX7100 interface is set to Exchange or Subscriber. Doing this may cause the subscriber telephones to ring continuously. 4.5.3 Analogue Loopbacks The six channel telephone version of the EX7100 is equipped with the ability to loop back the audio on each of the six analogue lines. This function is done within the digital audio processing section of the line interface card and therefore is transparent to the interface configuration (2-wire or 4-wire+E&M). Figure 4.4: Analogue Loopback Configurations DSLAC LOCAL LOOPBACK LINE 1…6 DSLAC REMOTE LOOPBACK LINE 1…6 DSPs ber →loopback local →remote off →on
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-14 Issue 2 - August 2001 Local Loopback Each channel may be put into local loopback mode from the front panel of the EX7100 terminal. In this mode, the transmit audio (into the EX7100 terminal) is looped back to the received audio (out of the terminal), within the DSLAC (Dual Subscriber Line Audio Circuit) device. The user is now able to send an analogue signal into the radio and monitor it across the same line (using a suitable test instrument with built in hybrid network). It is possible to perform a similar test using a standard telephone connected to the line, but due to echo cancellation effects, the received audio will sound distorted. This feature enables a technician to confirm that the EX7100 line interface circuitry is operating correctly. Remote Loopback Each analogue channel may be put into remote loopback mode from the front panel of the EX7100. In this mode, the received audio from the remote terminal is looped back to the transmit audio path. From the remote terminal, a technician is able to send a signal down the line and monitor it from the same location (using suitable test equipment with built in hybrid network). This feature allows a technician to distinguish whether a fault is within the radio equipment, or on the external telephone line. Enabling Analogue Loopbacks 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Exchange/Subscriber and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the required channel to the required loopback mode and then press ‘Enter’ to accept. 5) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle Note: During loopback testing the channel is not available to user traffic. Ensure that the loopback mode is disabled when testing is completed as loopback modes do not time out automatically. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Psu monitoring →Subscriber Loop current →loopback Ch: 1 off ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-15 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.6 Bit Error Rate Testing 4.6.1 General At some time after installation of the EX7100, the user may wish to perform a bit error rate test in order to confirm that the system is operating correctly. A BER test may be performed on both configurations of EX7100: 64kbps data or telephone. Testing of a telephone system is possible by performing the test at the 64kbps digital level using the G.703 or Synchronous data interface. There are a number of levels of BER testing that may be performed on the EX7100 to enable the user to pin-point the location of a potential fault. A) End-to-End one direction test: This requires a Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) at both ends of the link. B) Full round-trip test: This may be performed using a single BERT (capable of sending and receiving simultaneously) utilising the remote digital loopback feature of the EX7100. C) Local Interface test: As per B) above, but utilising the local loopback feature of the local EX7100 terminal. It should be noted that the results obtained from a round trip test will produce a BER twice that of a single direction test. Important Note: During the BER test, the radio link will not be available to normal traffic. Figure 4.5: End-to-End Bit Error Rate Test Figure 4.6: Round-Trip Bit Error Rate Test EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100 EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100BERT BERTBit error rate tester set totransmit.Bit error ratetester set toreceive.EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100 EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100BERTBit error rate tester set to transmit and receive.EX7100 set for remote loopback
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-16 Issue 2 - August 2001 Figure 4.7: Local Interface Bit Error Rate Test 4.6.2 BER Testing an EX7100: End-to-End A) Connect the BERT equipment to the digital interface port of both EX7100 terminals (G.703, or Sync Data) as required. B) Set the sending BERT equipment to provide the clocking source for the test. C) Set the interfaces of both EX7100 terminals to match the interface of the BERT equipment - G.703 or sync data - as follows: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to Framer and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Interface and press ‘Enter.’ 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to the required interface type. An ∗ indicates the current interface. Press ‘Enter’ to accept. 5) Press ‘Escape’ once to return to the previous menu. D) Set the EX7100 terminals so that the Transmitted data is clocked from the received data stream, as follows: 1) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Data Clock. Press ‘Enter.’ 2) Use the up and down arrows to select the digital interface being used. Press ‘Enter.’ 3) Select the synchronisation source required. Press ‘Enter.’ EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100BERTBit error rate tester set to transmit and receive.EX7100 set for local loopback Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Rf parameters →framer →interface Tx Data Clock →G.703 codir G.703 contra Interface →Tx Data Clock →G.703 Sync data int ref →Sync to rx
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-17 Issue 2 - August 2001 4) Press ‘Escape’ until the main menu is displayed. E) Set both EX7100 terminals to 100% operation as follows: 1) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter.’ 2) The screen will read Operating Mode. Press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose Terminal 100%, and press ‘Enter’ 4) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. F) The BER test may now begin. When complete, return each terminal to its original configuration. 4.6.3 BER Testing an EX7100: Round-Trip A) Connect a BERT, set to send and receive simultaneously, to the local EX7100 terminal. B) Follow steps B-E above to set the EX7100 terminals for the correct interface, clock sync, and 100% operation. C) Set the remote EX7100 terminal to Digital Remote Loopback mode by first setting up a remote test link and accessing the remote terminal (refer to Section 4.3.1) then following the procedure below: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Framer and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the →→→→ is next to Loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required loopback and then press ‘Enter’. →operating mode set Time / date →controller rf parameters →terminal 100% term on demand Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ RF parameters →framer ber →loopback local →remote
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-18 Issue 2 - August 2001 5) Use the keypad to turn the loopback function on. D) The BER test may now begin. Remember to disable the loopback, close the test link, and return the EX7100 terminals to their original configurations when finished. 4.6.4 BER testing an EX7100: Local Interface. A) Connect a BERT, set to send and receive, to the local EX7100 terminal. B) Set the EX7100 terminal to the correct interface and clock sync using the steps in Section 4.6.2. C) Using the instructions given earlier as a guide, set the EX7100 terminal to Digital Local Loopback mode. D) The BER test may now begin. Remember to disable the loopback and return the terminal to its original configuration when finished. 4.7 Networking EX7100 Terminals 4.7.1 General It is possible to create a small network of EX7100 links by connecting the management channel of multiple terminals together at a local site. This enables a user to monitor and configure any other terminal in the network, from an ELMS configured PC, using the on-board remote diagnostic feature. When combined with ELMS (Exicom Link Management System – refer to Appendix B) an extensive alarm logging system can be established. Figure 4.8: Networking EX7100 terminals EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100RS-485EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100RepeaterLocal Site off →on
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 4-19 Issue 2 - August 2001 4.7.2 Interconnection of Local Terminals. Interconnection of each EX7100 terminal’s management channel is achieved by simply daisy-chaining the RS-485 Bus which appears on the LMS port of each local terminal. Cabling should be screened and pin-out information is detailed in Appendix A.1. Example: Three terminal bussed site. Figure 4.9: Three Terminal Bussed Site The following table shows the pin to pin connections required for the LMS port connector Terminal 1 – Terminal 2 Terminal 2 – Terminal 3 Terminal 3 – ELMS PC Pin 1 - Pin 1 Pin 1 - Pin 1 Pin 3 - RS232 Tx Pin 2 - Pin 2 Pin 2 - Pin 2 Pin 4 - RS232 Rx Pin 5 - Pin 5 Pin 5 - Pin 5 Pin 5 – RS232 ground Note: The ELMS PC connects to terminal three using RS-232. The terminals communicate with each other using RS-485 4.7.3 Accessing Bussed Terminals. Using an ELMS configured PC, the user may access any local terminal, or the remote terminal of any link. An instruction on how to use ELMS is provided within the program. EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100 EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100 EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100Terminal 1 LMS PortTerminal 2 LMS Port Terminal 3 LMS Port ELMS PC
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 5-1 Issue 1 - February 2001 5 Trouble Shooting the EX7100 5.1 General This chapter describes some methods of identifying problems with the EX7100 and suggests possible solutions. The EX7100 has powerful fault diagnosis tools built in. Internal alarm monitoring, metering and configuration information are available on the front panel and at remote terminals. Refer to Section 4 for more details on the use of these diagnostic tools. 5.2 Configuration Issues Configuration problems are not normally an issue with links that are already in operation, but an initial mis-configuration can prevent an EX7100 link from operating. When changing modules within the EX7100, configuration problems can arise. This is because the modules carry the configuration information relevant to them – e.g. the Line Module carries line level and the other configuration variables relevant to the Line Module. An exception is that all RF configuration parameters are carried on the Transmitter module.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 5-3 Issue 1 - February 2001 Symptoms Possible Causes How To Fix Additional Comments Antenna or feeder fault. Replace faulty antenna and/or feeder. Duplexer faulty or out of alignment. Check, align or replace Duplex Filter. Low transmit power, low RSSI and poor VSWR Transmit and/or receive frequency incorrect. Set terminals to correct transmit and receive frequencies. Low transmit power, VSWR & RSSI OK Transmit power set low. Set terminal to the correct transmit power level. Low transmit power, high bit error rate, VSWR & RSSI OK. Faulty Transmitter module or Power Amplifier module. See Sections 7.3 to 7.6. Higher than usual bit error rate or poor sensitivity, transmit power, RSSI & VSWR OK. Transmitter or receiver may have drifted off frequency. Return to Exicom for alignment. Low RSSI reading. Can be caused by low transmit power, feeder and/or antenna problems, antenna alignment and receiver problems. Refer to the appropriate sections of this manual. Low transmit power or poor receiver sensitivity usually cause problems in one direction only. Feeder and antenna problems effect both directions of the link.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 5-4 Issue 1 - February 2001 Symptoms Possible Causes How To Fix Additional Comments Rx Lock frequently lost. Interference, intermittent connector/feeder/antenna fault. Marginal RF path. A communications scanning receiver can be very useful to identify interference sources. Measurements of transmit power at antenna, substitution of feeders and antennas. A high power attenuator can be used to confirm the available fade margin. Problems with repeater operation. G703 coaxes not crossed over. Crossover coaxes. No dial tone, Rx Lock present. Line connections to EX7100. Line Interface module fault. Check line connections. Refer to Section 7.13 for details. Is the fault common to all six lines? Loop back testing of the line interfaces can be a useful diagnostic tool. Link will not set-up, Tx LED not on System configured for On-demand Mode Refer to Section 3.4.1 for details
EX7100 Technical Manual - Cover Removal ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 6-1 Issue 1 - February 2001 6 EX7100 Top and Bottom Cover Removal The Terminal contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. 6.1 Procedure To gain service access to any of the modules, the top or bottom covers must be removed as follows: 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. It may also be necessary to remove any signalling and antenna cabling. 2. Remove either cover as required by removing the screws. Keep all screws in a safe place for later replacement. Warning: The VHF Duplexer module is attached to the underside of the top cover. Extra care must be taken when removing this cover so as not to damage the RF cabling connecting the duplexer to the modules within the terminal. The UHF Duplexer and associated filters are attached to the outside of the top cover. Before disconnecting the RF cables to the rear panel, care should be taken to note the correct cable connection.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-1 Issue 4 - August 2001 7 Module Descriptions 7.1 General The EX7100 Terminal consists of the following Modules: General (Non-RF) Modules > Power Supply Module Type 2964, > Modem/Controller Module Type 2966, > Front Panel Type 2994, RF Modules > VHF Transmitter Module Type 8027 or UHF Transmitter Module Type 8053, UHF CPU Module Type 8044 (sub-module of UHF Tx Module Type 8053), > VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8028 or UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8048 (10 Watt) or UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8051 (2 Watt), > VHF Receiver Module Type 8029 or UHF Receiver Module Type 8054, > VHF Front-End Module Type 8018 (sub-module of VHF Rx Module Type 8029) or UHF Front-End Module Type 8055 (sub-module of UHF Rx Module Type 8054), > VHF Duplexer Module Type 8013 or UHF Duplexer (& Filters) Module Type 8045, Line Interface Modules: (present in the six channel variant only) > Two wire 6-Channel Exchange Line Interface Module Type 2967, Four wire Module Type 2967 (optional sub-module of Interface Type 2967), > Two wire 6-Channel Subscriber Line Interface Module Type 2971, > Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 (sub-module of each Line Interface module) Refer to Figures 7.1 to 7.3 for module locations (Front Panel Type 2994 and Duplexer modules are not shown).
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-2 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.1: EX7100 Terminal with Top Cover Removed Note: VHF and UHF Terminals are identical with the Top Cover removed. Figure 7.2: VHF EX7100 Terminal with Bottom Cover Removed Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 Line Interface Type 2967 or 2971 Modem/Controller Type 2966 PA Type 8028 Transmitter Type 8027 Power Supply Type 2964 Receiver Front-End Type 8018 Receiver Type 8029 PSU Measurement Board Type 2998
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-3 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.3: UHF EX7100 Terminal with Bottom Cover Removed 7.2 Power Supply Module Type 2964 7.2.1 General The Power Supply module (PSU) converts the incoming DC input from the rear panel to the voltages needed to operate the circuitry within the EX7100 terminal. There are two variants of the Power Supply1: > 10.8 VDC - 30 VDC Input > 30 VDC - 60 VDC Input The incoming supply may be positive earth, negative earth or floating (with no earth connection). A metal strap is supplied with each terminal to enable the user to configure the PSU for positive or negative earth as required. Refer to Figure 7.4. The first stage of the power supply is an isolated “forward” converter. This converts the incoming DC voltage to +24 volts, negative earth. The +24 volt supply is used as required within the EX7100 terminal and is used to supply a second stage “fly-back” converter that provides ±5 and ±15 volt outputs. 1 Refer to Section 2, page 2-6 for IMPORTANT WARNINGS re the power supply PA Type 8048 (10W) or 8051 (2W) Transmitter Type 8053 Receiver Type 8054 Receiver Front-End Type 8055 Power Supply Type 2964 PSU Measurement Board Type 2998 Transmitter CPU Type 8044
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-4 Issue 4 - August 2001 DC Input From Rear PanelForward ConverterIsolation BarrierFlyback Converter+15V-15V+5V-5V+24V Figure 7.4: Power Supply Block Diagram The PSU Measurement Board connected to the Power Supply provides various metering functions via the terminal’s front panel display (Refer to Section 7.2.2 for details). This is calibrated to the Power Supply and is considered an integral part of the Power Supply. 7.2.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. General From the terminal’s front panel, it is possible to view the power supply’s input and output voltages, and the input current. To access the PSU Monitoring from idle: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the →→→→ is next to PSU Monitoring and then press ‘Enter’ 3) Use the up and down arrows to position the →→→→ next to the required parameter and then press ‘Enter’ to view framer →psu monitoring +5 VDC rail →-5 VDC Rail Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-5 Issue 4 - August 2001 4) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. The power supply can be considered to be operating satisfactorily if the supply rails are within the ranges specified within Table 7.1 below. Front Panel Measurement Typical Reading Range Input DC Voltage 10.8 to 30V (LV variant), 30 to 60V (HV variant) +24 Volt Rail 22.8 to 25.2V +15 Volt Rail 14 to 16V -15 Volt Rail -14 to -16V +5 Volt Rail 4.8 to 5.2V -5 Volt Rail -4.7 to -5.3V Input Current Up to: 4A (LV variant), 2A (HV variant) Table 7.1: Typical Power Supply Measurement Ranges If the display is not operating or the power supply rails are not within the expected voltage, follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.5 overleaf. Accessing the Power Supply To gain service access to the power supply module, remove the bottom cover of the terminal as described in Section 6.1. Before commencing cover removal, switch the rear panel power switch off AND isolate the fused supply to the unit. Check that electrolytic capacitors are discharged before proceeding. Diagnosis With the unit de-powered, check the power supply visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks, or components. If no damage is apparent, apply power to the terminal and check the voltages in Table 7.2. Note: Measurements should be made with an isolated digital multi-meter to prevent the possibility of injury to servicing personnel or damage to the terminal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-6 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.5: Power Supply Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginDC i/p presenton TerminalRear Panel?Check DC i/psupply, externalFuse, Wiring &ConnectionsSwitch on EX7100 TerminalPSU MeterReadings ok asper Table 7.1?PSU Moduleappears to befault-freeRemove EX7100 Bottom CoverRefer toCautionnotesDoes internal Relayoperate with RearPanel Switch?Replace PSU moduleVoltages on allinternal Fusesok?Any/all internalFuses blown?PSU appearsfault-free,Suspect thatanother Moduleis faultyYesNoYesNoNoYesNoNoYesReplace any blown FusesYesFinish
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-7 Issue 4 - August 2001 Test Number Fuse Rating Positive Probe Negative Probe Expected Voltage 1 TB1 +ve terminal. TB1 -ve terminal. Input voltage ± 0.5V. 2 10 A Fuse F1, both ends. Chassis Ground 22.8 to 25.2V. 3 2 A Fuse F2, both ends. Chassis Ground 14 to 16V. 4 1 A Fuse F3, both ends. Chassis Ground -14 to -16V. 5 5 A Fuse F4, both ends. Chassis Ground 4.8 to 5.2V. 6 250 mA Fuse F5, both ends. Chassis Ground -4.7 to -5.3V. Table 7.2: Typical Power Supply Test Point Voltages 7.2.3 Alignment The Power Supply requires no alignment and has no user adjustments. Two potentiometers are provided: RV301 & RV302. They are factory set to the required under-voltage and over-voltage shut down thresholds and should not be adjusted. The PSU Measurement board has factory set metering coefficients. These cannot be adjusted in the field. 7.2.4 Module Replacement Procedure 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). 4. Disconnect the remote on/off switch loom by unplugging SK301. Remove the wiring loom plug from PL1 and remove the cable from SK6. 5. Loosen the screws of the terminal block TB1 and remove the DC input wires. Caution: Remove the six ferrite beads (two per wire) and keep in a safe place for future replacement. 6. Check, using a multimeter, placed between the earth (on TB1) and the fuse carriers on the PCB, that the filter capacitors have safely discharged. 7. Remove the nine M3 screws and bushes from the heat-sink mounted semiconductors. Keep them in a safe place. 8. Remove the six M4 screws and washers holding the PCB and keep them in a safe place. Carefully lift the PCB out of its housing. Do not carry the PCB by the projecting semiconductors. The PCB can be safely carried by grasping T1 (the largest transformer) or by holding it by the edges of the board.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-8 Issue 4 - August 2001 9. Remove the thermal pads and the insulating bushes and discard them. Inspect the new pads and bushes carefully for any foreign matter. Small specks of dirt or metal filings can cause the pad to be punctured when the semiconductors are clamped down. 10. Carefully remove all foreign matter from the mating surfaces of the new Power Supply’s semiconductors and the heat-sink contact area. 11. Align new pads with the holes in the heat-sink contact area. Place the new power supply PCB in its cavity and align the board with its mounting holes. Replace the nine semiconductor mounting screws and bushes. Do not fully tighten the screws. 12. Replace the six M4 PCB mounting screws and washers. Tighten the screws carefully (do not over tighten as this can strip the internal screw threads). Tighten the semiconductor mounting screws. 13. Using a multimeter, measure the resistance from the tab of each semiconductor to the aluminium casting. All readings should be more than 400Ω (ensure that PL1 is not plugged in when measuring). If any reading is lower, remove the heat-sink components and check them all carefully for the cause of the short circuit. Caution: do not proceed with the installation until this insulation test has been passed successfully or the power supply will be damaged. 14. Replace the six ferrite beads (two per wire) on the main power cables and insert into terminal block TB1. Ensure that the polarity is correct. Carefully tighten the screws of the terminal block. 15. Re-connect the cable loom plug into PL1 and the cable into connector SK6. 16. Re-connect the remote on/off switch loom to SK301. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 17. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 18. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Check the external DC supply fuse, to ensure it is not blown and replace if required (refer to Section 2.6.1 for fuse types and ratings) 19. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. Measure the output rails with a multimeter and verify that they are all within the specifications as detailed in Table 7.1. 20. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 21. Re-install the EX7100 into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-9 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.3 VHF Transmitter Module Type 8027 7.3.1 General The VHF Transmitter module accepts data from the Modem Controller module Type 2966 (via the VHF Receiver module Type 8029). This data is filtered, modulated with a locally generated carrier, amplified and then filtered again ready for amplification by the VHF RF Power Amplifier Module (PA) Type 8028. A microcontroller on the Transmitter Module provides control and metering for the Transmitter, PA, Receiver and Receiver Front-End (FE). The microcontroller on the Transmitter module also stores configuration information for the Transmitter, Receiver and RF PA modules. Note: There are two variants of the VHF Transmitter module, one covering 138-148 MHz and the other 148-174MHz. Adjustment of the output bandpass filter and synthesiser loop volts may be required for frequency changes of more than 250kHz. Refer to Section 7.3.3 for tuning instructions. Figure 7.6 below shows the connections between the RF modules and the Modem/Controller module. This diagram should be referred to when reading the VHF RF module sections following. TransmitterModuleReceiverModuleRF PAModuleReceiverFront End (FE)ModuleDuplex Filter(Duplexer)PL103Modem/ControllerData & CommsRx RFTx RFTx DriveRFRx RF AntennaData & CommsW102PL101PL108W101MeteringMetering AGCAGC, Control & MeteringPL102SK102 SK101PL100 Figure 7.6: VHF RF Module Connection Block Diagram
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-10 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.7: VHF Transmitter Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7.3.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Transmitter module provides control to the Receiver module, the Receiver Front-End module and the Transmitter RF Power Amplifier. It collects measurements from all of these modules and interacts with the Modem/Controller module. For this reason, a faulty Transmitter module may cause symptoms that appear elsewhere while faults elsewhere may cause symptoms to appear at the Transmitter module. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The RF Power Amplifier module must not be run without a 50Ω load on its output. Failure to meet this condition may damage the amplifier.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-11 Issue 4 - August 2001 The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal. In this case, it is the senders’ responsibility to ensure that all precautions are taken to ensure safe delivery to Exicom. Accessing the Transmitter Module To gain service access to the Transmitter module, remove the bottom cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis With the unit de-powered, check the Transmitter module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that all connectors are fully mated and that all socketed ICs are fully home. If no damage is apparent, apply power and follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.8.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-12 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.8: VHF Transmitter Module Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginModule RF output oncorrect frequency &at correct level?Output Filtercorrectlytuned?Pow er , TxTemperature &VSWRmeasurements ok?Tune TransmitteroutputYesNoNoNoSuspect thatTransmitter module isfaultyYesReplace TransmittermoduleCaution: Antennaoutput mus t beterminated in 50 OhmsYesSuspect thatTransmitter module isfaultyReplace TransmittermoduleTransmitter moduleappears to be fault-free,suspect that anotherModule is faultyFinish
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-13 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.3.3 Alignment Re-tuning Of the VHF Transmitter Module If the frequency of the Transmitter module is to be changed by more than 250kHz from its tuned frequency, the output bandpass filter will require adjustment as follows: 1. Remove the bottom cover, disconnect PL108 from the Transmitter module, and feed this to the RF input of a scalar network analyser (or spectrum analyser with tracking generator). 2. Set the analyser’s tracking generator output to –10dBm and feed it into the test socket PL701. 3. Apply power to the terminal. Turn the Transmitter off by setting the terminal’s operating mode to ‘On-Demand’. (Refer to Section 3 for details). 4. Adjust the Tx output bandpass filter so that the response is symmetrical about the new centre frequency, and is >33 dB down at +/- 5 MHz from the centre frequency. The bandpass filter is made up of five tuneable inductors inside an aluminium block. Access to these inductors is through five small holes in the block. Tune the filter using a suitable hex tuning tool, starting from the centre inductor and working outwards. This procedure may need to be repeated several times. Be careful not to bottom the cores at either end of travel as the cores will break. Note: The Duplexer module must also be adjusted to suit the new centre frequency (refer to Section 7.9.3 for tuning details). Failure to adjust the Duplexer module at this point may result in damage to the PA module 5. Disconnect the analyser and reconnect the PA’s coax to PL108. 6. Set the new the transmit frequency via the front panel as per Section 3. 7. Check that the VCO Loop Volts measurement on TP301 (or front panel) is within the limits 4 to 5 Volts. If necessary, reset this by adjusting the VCO trimmer capacitor through the access hole in the square aluminium block. Carrier Null The carrier null should be stable over the long term. If bit error rates climb, carrier leakage could be the problem. 1. Put the terminal into “Align Mode” with DSBSC mode selected Refer to Section 4.5.1. (Not to be confused with “Antenna Align Mode” as described in Section 2.11.2) 2. Connect a spectrum analyser via an attenuator to the transmitter’s output to observe the sampled spectrum. 3. Using a narrow resolution bandwidth observe the on-channel carrier’s level. This reading should be at least 40 dB (preferably 50 dB) below the two adjacent tones, if this is not the case, re-null using RV501 and RV502.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-14 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.3.4 VHF Transmitter Module Replacement Procedure 1. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 2. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure) Remove the following connectors from the Transmitter PCB: PL101, PL103, PL104, PL105 and PL108. Remove connector PL101 from the Receiver PCB: (This connector is attached to W102 on the Transmitter PCB) 3. Remove the six M3 screws and washers that retain the module. Keep the screws in a safe place. 4. Carefully position the new Transmitter PCB into the casting taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Replace the six M3 PCB mounting screws and washers. Tighten the screws carefully. 5. Reconnect connectors PL101, PL103, PL104, PL105 and PL108 on the Transmitter PCB and PL101 on the Receiver PCB; ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 6. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 7. Connect the antenna to the terminal. (Caution: do not proceed until this is done to avoid damage to the PA module). Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 8. If necessary, retune the Transmitter output filter (refer to Section 7.3.3 above). 9. Set the Transmitter, Receiver and RF Power Amplifier module configuration variables as these are all carried by the microcontroller on the Transmitter module (refer to Section 3 as required). 10. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.3.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 11. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job 12. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-15 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.4 UHF Transmitter Module Type 8053 7.4.1 General The Transmitter module accepts data from the Modem Controller module Type 2966 (via the Receiver module Type 8054). This data is filtered, modulated with a locally generated carrier, amplified and then filtered again ready for amplification by the RF Power Amplifier Module (PA) Type 8048 A microcontroller on the Type 8044 CPU sub-module provides control and metering for the Transmitter, PA, Receiver and Receiver Front-End (FE). The microcontroller also stores configuration information for the Transmitter, Receiver and RF PA modules. Figure 7.9 below shows the connections between the RF modules and the Modem/Controller module. This diagram should be referred to when reading the UHF RF module sections following TransmitterModuleReceiverModuleRF PAModuleReceiverFront End (FE)ModuleTerminal Rear PanelRx RFTx RFTx DriveRFRx RF AntennaTx RF outW101MeteringAGC, Control & MeteringPL102SK102 SK101J101Duplex Filter(Duplexer) Figure 7.9: UHF RF Module Connection Block Diagram
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-16 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.10: UHF Transmitter Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7.4.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Transmitter CPU sub-module provides control to the Transmitter module, the Receiver module, the Receiver Front-End module and the Transmitter RF Power Amplifier. It collects measurements from all of these modules and interacts with the Modem/Controller module. For this reason, a faulty Transmitter CPU module may cause symptoms that appear elsewhere while faults elsewhere may cause symptoms to appear at the Transmitter module. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The RF Power Amplifier module must not be run without a 50Ω load on its output. Failure to meet this condition may damage the amplifier.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-17 Issue 4 - August 2001 The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal. In this case, it is the senders’ responsibility to ensure that all precautions are taken to ensure safe delivery to Exicom. Accessing the Transmitter Module To gain service access to the Transmitter module, remove the bottom cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis With the unit de-powered, check the Transmitter module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that all connectors are fully mated and that all socketed ICs are fully home. If no damage is apparent, apply power and follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.11.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-18 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.11: UHF Transmitter Module Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginModule RF output oncorrect frequency &at correct level?Output Filtercorrectlytuned?Pow er , TxTemperature &VSWRmeasurements ok?Tune TransmitteroutputYesNoNoNoSuspect thatTransmitter module isfaultyYesReplace TransmittermoduleCaution: Antennaoutput mus t beterminated in 50 OhmsYesSuspect thatTransmitter module isfaultyReplace TransmittermoduleTransmitter moduleappears to be fault-free,suspect that anotherModule is faultyFinish
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-19 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.4.3 Alignment Re-tuning Of the Transmitter Module If the frequency of the Transmitter module is to be changed by more than ±2.5 MHz from its tuned frequency, the following checks or adjustments are required: Checking the VCO Loop Voltage 1. Set the new Transmit frequency via the front panel as per Section 3. 2. Remove the bottom cover and refer to Figure 7.12 below to identify the location of the Loop Volts output feed-through capacitor in the local oscillator module. Check with a digital multi-meter (DMM) that the VCO Loop Volts measurement is within the range of 3 to 4 Volts DC. If necessary, reset this by adjusting VCO trimmer capacitor CV101 as indicated in Figure 7.12 below. (It will be necessary to remove the screw in the aluminium block to access the trimmer. Always replace this screw after adjustment). Figure 7.12: Location of Loop Volts adjustment CV101 Adjustment of the transmitter bandpass filter 1. With the bottom cover removed, disconnect PL103 (to PA Module) and remove the “Tx RF out” SMB lead from socket PL107. Connect the RF input of a Spectrum Analyser with Tracking Generator or scalar network analyser to socket PL107. 2. Set the analyser’s tracking generator output to –10dBm. Feed the tracking generator output into SK303. 3. Apply power to the terminal. Turn the Transmitter off by setting the terminal’s operating mode to ‘On-Demand’. (Refer to Section 3 for details). 4. Adjust the two helicals within the output filter to achieve a suitable flat passband at the desired frequency. The passband should be approximately 5.0 MHz wide and flat within +/- 2.0 dB across that band. Note: The Duplexer module must also be adjusted to suit the new centre frequency (refer to Section 7.10.3 for tuning details). Failure to adjust the Duplexer module at this point may result in damage to the PA module
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-20 Issue 4 - August 2001 5. Disconnect the analyser input and output from the PCB and reconnect for normal operation. Carrier Null The carrier null should be stable over the long term. If bit error rates climb, carrier leakage could be the problem. 1. Put the terminal into “Align Mode” with DSBSC mode selected. Refer to Section 4.5.1 (Not to be confused with “Antenna Align Mode” as described in Section 2.11.2) 2. Connect a spectrum analyser via an attenuator to the transmitter’s output to observe the sampled spectrum. 3. Using a narrow resolution bandwidth observe the on-channel carrier’s level. This reading should be at least 40 dB (preferably 55 dB) below the two adjacent tones. If this is not the case, re-null using the two adjustment pots RV201 and RV202 (see note below) on the main Tx PCB. The adjustment pot RV203 adjusts the I/Q bias voltage and under normal circumstances will not need adjustment. If adjustment is necessary, the voltage can be monitored on test point TP201 and should be 1.7V ± 20mV. Upon adjustment of this voltage, re-check the carrier null. Note: The RF CPU will have to be moved out of the way (but not disconnected) in order to access the adjustment pots. Do so by removing the four mounting screws and easing the module out of the way. 7.4.4 UHF Transmitter Module Replacement Procedure Note: It is necessary to remove the CPU sub-module prior to replacing the Transmitter module, however, the CPU sub-module can be replaced without removal of the Transmitter module. Replacement of the Type 8044 Sub-Module 1. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 2. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure) Remove the following connectors from the CPU sub-module PCB: PL102, PL103 and PL104 Remove connector PL101 from the Receiver PCB: (This connector is attached to W101 on the CPU sub-module PCB) 3. Remove the four M3 screws and washers that retain the CPU sub-module. Keep the screws in a safe place. 4. Position the new CPU sub-module and replace the four M3 screws and washers. Tighten the screws carefully 5. Reconnect connectors PL102, PL103 and PL104 on the CPU sub-module and connector PL101 on the Receiver PCB; ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-21 Issue 4 - August 2001 6. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 7. Connect the antenna to the terminal. (Caution: do not proceed until this is done to avoid damage to the PA module). Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 8. If necessary, retune the Transmitter output filter (refer to Section 7.4.3 above). 9. Set the Transmitter, Receiver and RF Power Amplifier module configuration variables as these are all carried by the microcontroller on the Transmitter module (refer to Section 3 as required). 10. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.4.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 11. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job 12. Re-install the EX7100 into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-22 Issue 4 - August 2001 Removal of the Transmitter module 1. Remove the CPU sub-module as previously described. Remove the following connectors from the Transmitter PCB: PL101 (DC input), PL103 (connection to the PA), and PL107 (SMB connector, “Tx RF out). 2. Remove the three stand-offs and the three M3 screws and washers that hold the Transmitter module into the casting, then remove the Transmitter module, keeping all fastenings in a safe place. 3. Carefully position the new Transmitter PCB into the casting taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Replace the stand-offs and M3 PCB mounting screws and washers. Tighten the screws carefully. 4. Replace the CPU sub-module as previously described and reconnect connectors PL101, PL103 and PL107 on the Transmitter module. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 5. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 6. Connect the antenna to the terminal. (Caution: do not proceed until this is done to avoid damage to the PA module). Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 7. If necessary, retune the Transmitter output filter (refer to Section 7.4.3 above). 8. Set the Transmitter, Receiver and RF Power Amplifier module configuration variables (refer to Section 3 as required). 9. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.4.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 10. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 11. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-23 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.5 VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8028 7.5.1 General The VHF RF Power Amplifier module is driven by a modulated signal on the required RF frequency by the VHF Transmitter module Type 8027. Refer to Figure 7.6 “VHF RF Connection Diagram” for details. The Transmitter module maintains a constant RF output power adjusting the drive level as necessary. The Power Amplifier is a wideband device and requires no tuning Various metering outputs, including forward power, reverse power and heat sink temperature, are monitored by the Transmitter module (refer to Section 4.2.1). The Power Amplifier requires forced air cooling of the heat sink, a dual-fan assembly is fitted to provide this. Refer to the supplement at the front of this Manual for further details. Note: Exicom recommends fan replacement every 5 years. Figure 7.13: VHF RF Power Amplifier Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-24 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.5.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The RF Power Amplifier module must not be run without a 50Ω load on its output. Failure to meet this condition may damage the amplifier. The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal. In this case, it is the senders’ responsibility to ensure that all precautions are taken to ensure safe delivery to Exicom. VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Testing Module DC Input Power Measurement 1. Remove the bottom cover of the terminal as described in Section 6.1. 2. The power supply provided to the RF Power Amplifier (connected at PL104) can be measured at PL103 on the Transmitter PCB by directly accessing the pins with a multimeter. Refer to Table 7.3 below for expected voltages on PL103 Pin Number on PL103 Expected Voltage 1 Ground 2 +14 to 16 V 3 +14 to 16 V 4 +22.8 to 25.4 V Table 7.3: Power Amplifier Module DC Input Voltages
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-25 Issue 4 - August 2001 RF Output Power Measurement Note: Without available RF test equipment, RF Power Amplifier faults can only be confirmed by substitution of the module. If an RF signal generator, RF power meter and suitable test load are available, it is possible to undertake a simple functional test of the RF Power Amplifier module. Refer to Figure 7.14 below for equipment connection details. Signal Generator -20 to -10dBmRF Power Amplifier Module Under TestRF Power Meter (Bird or similar)50Ω 10 Watt LoadRF Input PL100RF Output PL102 Figure 7.14: VHF PA Module Test set-up 1. Connect the cable attached to PL108 (Transmitter PCB) to the output of the signal generator (set to the desired transmit frequency at -20 dBm output level). 2. Connect the RF power meter to PL102 (RF output). 3. The RF Power Amplifier should be able to produce a reading on the RF power meter of approximately 6.5 Watts (for 10 Watt PA) when the signal level from the signal generator is slowly increased from –20 to –10dBm. If this is the case, the RF Power Amplifier is probably functioning correctly. Note: When the EX7100 terminal is transmitting in normal operation, the RF output is a complex waveform (16-QAM). In order to confirm the actual PEP power output, a power meter capable of measuring complex waveforms is required. A Bird type average power meter will indicate a reading approximately 7.5dB1 below the PEP equivalent, e.g. An EX7100 terminal set to 10 Watts (40dBm) PEP will give an average reading, on a basic power meter, of approximately 32.5dBm. Confirm that with approximately 6.5 Watts RF output from the PA module, there is a forward power reading shown on the LCD of the EX7100 terminal (the power meter on the EX7100 front panel menu is calibrated to give a PEP reading based on 16-QAM modulation) Refer to Section 4.2.1 for details of the forward power measurement process. 1 As per ITU Digital Radio-Relay Systems Handbook 1996, pages 152-153.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-26 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.15: Heat Sink Screws for VHF PA Removal Note: Screws marked (A) and (B) may not be present if the EX7100 Terminal contains the VHF Fan Box Type 61-8057-00002 (refer to the supplement at the front of this Manual for further details) 7.5.3 Alignment There are no user adjustments available on the RF Power Amplifier module. Specialist factory test equipment and procedures are required to correctly set up the amplifier. Module Re-tuning The RF Power Amplifier module is a broad band device and does not require adjustment. 7.5.4 VHF RF Power Amplifier Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of the RF Power Amplifier Module1. 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC Supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Remove the seven cap screws holding the heat sink casting to the main casting as per Figure 7.15. 4. Carefully ease the heat sink away from the terminal making sure not to damage the connecting cables. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure) 5. Remove the Duplexer cable PL102 from the PA PCB, also remove the mating end of the following connections: PL100 (to PL108 transmitter PCB), PL103 (to PL105 transmitter PCB) and PL104 (to PL103 transmitter PCB). 6. Carefully reconnect the above cables to the new Power Amplifier and position the new module inside the EX7100 terminal casting. 1 If the VHF Terminal contains the Fan Box Type 8057, please refer to the supplement at the start of this Manual for removal details prior to replacing the RF Power Amplifier.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-27 Issue 4 - August 2001 7. Refit the seven cap screws holding the heat sink casting into the main casting. (Refer to Figure 7.15) 8. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 9. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 10. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 11. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Testing & Fault Diagnosis (Section 7.5.2). 12. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-28 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.6 UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Types 8048 (10W) & 8051 (2W) 7.6.1 General The UHF RF Power Amplifier module is driven by a modulated signal on the required RF frequency by the UHF Transmitter module Type 8053. Refer to Figure 7.9 “UHF RF Connection Diagram” for details. The Power Amplifier module maintains a constant gain of 50dB (43 dB for 2W PA); with RF output power being adjusted in the transmitter drive stage. Various metering outputs, including forward power, reverse power and heat sink temperature, are monitored by the Transmitter module (refer to Section 4.2.1). The Power Amplifier is a wideband device covering the following bands without manual retuning: > 403-455 MHz or 450-520 MHz for 10 Watt PA type 8048. > 403-520 MHz for 2 Watt PA type 8051. To assist in cooling, dual fans and an enclosure are fitted over and around the PA heat sink1 Figure 7.16: UHF RF Power Amplifier Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 1 10 Watt PA only, 2 Watt utilises heat sink only
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-29 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.6.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The RF Power Amplifier module must not be run without a 50Ω load on its output. Failure to meet this condition may damage the amplifier. The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal. In this case, it is the senders’ responsibility to ensure that all precautions are taken to ensure safe delivery to Exicom. UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Testing Module DC Input Power Measurement 1. Remove the bottom cover of the terminal as described in Section 6.1. 2. Measure the power supply to the RF Power Amplifier module on the Tx PCB with a multimeter (by directly accessing the pins within PL103). Refer to Table 7.3 below for expected voltages on PL104. Pin Number on PL103 Expected Voltage 1 Ground 2 +14 to 16 V 3 +14 to 16 V 4 +22.8 to 25.4 V Table 7.3: Power Amplifier Module DC Input Voltages
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-30 Issue 4 - August 2001 RF Output Power Measurement Note: Without available RF test equipment, RF Power Amplifier faults can only be confirmed by substitution of the module. If an RF signal generator, RF power meter and suitable test load are available, it is possible to undertake a simple functional test of the RF Power Amplifier module. Refer to Figure 7.17 below for equipment connection details. SignalGenerator-20 to -10dBmRF PowerAmplifier ModuleUnder TestRF PowerMeter (Birdor similar) 50Ω 10 W loadRF InputJ101RF OutputPL102 Figure 7.17: UHF PA Module Test set-up 1. Disconnect the cable attached to “Tx RF out” SMB connector on the Tx PCB, and reconnect this to the output of the signal generator (set to the desired transmit frequency at -20 dBm output level). 2. Connect the RF power meter to PL102 (RF output). 3. The RF Power Amplifier should be able to produce a reading on the RF power meter of approximately 6.5 Watts (1.5W for 2W PA) when the signal level from the signal generator is slowly increased from –20 to –15dBm. If this is the case, the RF Power Amplifier is probably functioning correctly. Note: When the EX7100 terminal is transmitting in normal operation, the RF output is a complex waveform (16-QAM). In order to confirm the actual PEP power output, a power meter capable of measuring complex waveforms is required. A Bird type average power meter will indicate a reading approximately 7.5dB1 below the PEP equivalent, e.g. An EX7100 terminal set to 10 Watts (40dBm) PEP will give an average reading, on a basic power meter, of approximately 32.5dBm. Confirm that with the expected RF output from the PA module, there is a forward power reading shown on the LCD of the EX7100 terminal (the power meter on the EX7100 front panel menu is calibrated to give a PEP reading based on 16-QAM modulation) Refer to Section 4.2.1 for details of the forward power measurement process. 1 As per ITU Digital Radio-Relay Systems Handbook 1996, pages 152-153.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-31 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.18: Screws for 10 W UHF PA Fan Box Removal1 Figure 7.19: Heat Sink Screws for UHF PA Removal 7.6.3 Alignment There are no user adjustments available on the RF Power Amplifier module. Specialist factory test equipment and procedures are required to correctly set up the amplifier. Module Re-tuning The RF Power Amplifier module is a broad band device and does not require adjustment. 1 10 Watt PA only, 2 Watt utilises heat sink only
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-32 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.6.4 UHF RF Power Amplifier Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of the RF Power Amplifier Module. Note: Under NO circumstances must the terminal be connected to DC supply without the Antenna port being terminated. Powering up of the PA without a load will result in the PA being damaged. Steps 3,4 and 9 below do not apply to the 2W PA Type 8051. 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC Supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the bottom cover of the terminal as per Section 6.1. 3. Remove the six screws securing the cooling fan box assembly (see Figure 7.18) to the PA heatsink to reveal the heatsink securing screws. 4. Ease the Fan Box away from the PA Heatsink, disconnect Fan control wires from the terminal block, and then remove the Fan Box. Note the position of wires and the way that the wires are run. 5. Remove the seven cap screws holding the heat sink casting to the main casting as per Figure 7.19. 6. Carefully ease the heat sink away from the terminal making sure not to damage the connecting cables. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure) 7. Remove the RF cable PL102 from the PA PCB, also remove the mating end of the following connections: J101 (to “Tx RF out”, transmitter PCB), PL103 (to RF CPU PCB) and PL104 (to white 4-way connector, transmitter PCB). 8. Carefully reconnect the above cables to the new Power Amplifier and position the new module inside the EX7100 terminal casting. Refit the seven cap screws holding the heat sink casting into the main casting. (Refer to Figure 7.19) 9. Reconnect the Fan control wires as noted in 4. above and position the Fan Box over the PA Heatsink. Refit the six screws securing the Fan Box to the PA Heatsink (Refer to Figure 7.18). 10. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 11. Refit the bottom cover of the terminal as per Section 6.1. 12. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 13. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Testing & Fault Diagnosis (Section 7.6.2). 14. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-33 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.7 VHF Receiver Module Type 8029 7.7.1 General Received RF is passed from the antenna through the Duplexer to the Front End sub-module Type 8018 where it is filtered and amplified. This RF is applied to the Receiver module’s RF input, it is then filtered, amplified, mixed and demodulated. The microcontroller on the Transmitter module provides metering for the receiver, generates the automatic gain control (AGC) voltages, controls the Receiver module’s synthesisers and stores receiver configuration information. The Receiver module is wideband, covering 138-174MHz, however three Front End modules cover the VHF band: 138-148MHz, 147-162MHz, and 159-174MHz. The bandpass filter within the Front End module has a bandwidth of +/- 250kHz and will require retuning should the receiver frequency need to be changed by more than this amount. Refer to Section 7.7.3 for tuning instructions. Figure 7.20: VHF Receiver Module in Place within Terminal
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-34 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.7.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this section. The Transmitter module provides control to both the Receiver module and the Receiver Front-End module (AGC and synthesiser setting) and also collects measurements from the Receiver modules. An apparent Receiver problem may actually be caused by a fault with the Transmitter module. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. Accessing the VHF Receiver Module To gain service access to the Receiver module, remove the bottom cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis With the unit de-powered, check the receiver module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that all connectors are fully mated. If no damage is apparent, apply power and follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.21 overleaf
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-35 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.21: VHF Receiver Module Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginRec eiv eFrequencycorrect?Rec eiv erFront-end tunedcorrectly?Set correctReceive FrequencyYesNoNoCaution: Antennaoutput mus t beterminated in 50 OhmsYesTune Front-end filterRSSIMeasurementsOK?FinishSuspect that Receiveror Transmitter moduleis faultyReceiver module appearsto be fault-free, suspectthat another Module isfaultyNoReplace Receiver orTransmitter ModuleYes
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-36 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.7.3 Alignment Module Re-tuning The main Receiver module should not require any adjustment when being re-channelled. The Receiver Front-End module Type 8018 requires adjustment of the receiver bandpass filters. Note: There are three variants of the Front-End module, one covering 138-148MHz, one covering 147-162MHz, and the other 159-174MHz. The front-end bandpass filter requires adjustment when the receiver frequency is being changed by more than 250kHz from the filter’s previous centre frequency. 1. Set terminal to ‘On-demand’ mode to ensure the transmitter is turned off. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1; disconnect the coaxes from SK101 and SK102 on the Receiver Front-End module. Feed the output of SK102 to the RF input of a scalar network analyser (or spectrum analyser with tracking generator), with reference amplitude of 0dBm and span of 4MHz/div. 3. Set the RF output of the analyser’s tracking generator level to -40dBm and feed it into test socket SK101 on the Receiver Front-End module. 4. Using a suitable hex tuning tool, gradually adjust the Front-End bandpass filter, to “walk” the filter response along, until it is centred on the desired receive frequency. (The filter is made up of five tuneable inductors inside an aluminium block; access is made through the five small holes in the block.) Tune the filter starting from the centre inductor and working outwards. This procedure may need to be repeated a number of times. Be careful not to bottom the cores at either end of travel as the cores will break. 5. Remove the can lid from the Front-End. Adjust FL101 for maximum signal. Note that FL101 consists of two filters. 6. Set the span of the spectrum analyser to 2MHz/div. Repeat the adjustment of the controls above and also CV101, CV102 and CV103 for maximum gain and sharpest response at the desired receive frequency. Check that the filter response is >34dB down at ±5MHz from centre frequency. 7. Disconnect the analyser. Reconnect the Duplexer to SK101 and the Receiver Module to SK102. 8. Set the new receive frequency from the front panel per Section 3. 9. Check that the VCO Loop Volts (TP401) measured on the receiver main board (or from the front panel) is within the limits, 4 to 5 Volts. If necessary, reset the loop volts to 5 volts by adjusting the VCO trimmer capacitor. 10. Note: The duplexer will require retuning if the frequency has been changed by more than 100kHz. Refer to Section 7.9.3 for tuning instructions
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-37 Issue 4 - August 2001 Receiver Maintenance Adjustments The baseband DC offset may drift with age. To check or adjust: 1. Connect an oscilloscope in XY mode to PL301 (pins 1 and 3). Ensure that the oscilloscope is DC coupled and centred on the display. 2. Disable the transmitter by setting the terminal to On-demand operation in the Terminal Set-up menu (Refer to Section 3 for details). 3. Put the EX7100 terminal into Align Mode with CW and Tx: Low selected. (Refer to Section 4.5.1). 4. Apply an un-modulated RF carrier at approximately –80dBm on channel into the receiver (SK101) 5. A circle should appear on the oscilloscope. Adjust the signal generator RF level for a circle of ~2 volts peak to peak diameter. 6. Adjust RV301 and RV302 to centre circle about 0 volts (i.e. remove the DC offset). 7.7.4 VHF Receiver Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of both the Receiver and Receiver Front-End modules. 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). 4. Remove connections PL101, PL103 and PL104 from the Receiver board, also remove coaxial connectors SK101 & SK102 from the Receiver Front-End module. 5. Remove the four screws holding the Receiver Front-End module and lift the Front-End PCB out of the casting. Keep the screws in a safe place. 6. Remove the two screws and two stand-offs holding the Receiver module into the casting and remove the module. Remove the other two stand-offs from the module, as these will be needed for the replacement unit. Keep all fastenings in a safe place. 7. Refit the two stand-offs and nuts to the new Receiver PCB. Place four nylon spacers on top of the four bosses and carefully position the new Receiver PCB into the casting, taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Refit the two screws and two stand-offs, tightening carefully. 8. Replace the Receiver Front-End Module and four mounting screws. 9. Re-connect all cables as removed in 4. above. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 10. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-38 Issue 4 - August 2001 11. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 12. If necessary, retune the Receiver Front-End module (refer to Section 7.7.3). 13. Reset the receive frequency and other variables as necessary (refer to Section 3 as required) 14. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.7.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 15. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 16. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-39 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.8 UHF Receiver Module Type 8054 7.8.1 General Received RF is passed from the antenna through the Duplexer to the Front End sub-module Type 8055 where it is filtered and amplified. This RF is applied to the Receiver module’s RF input, it is then filtered, amplified, mixed and demodulated. The VCO and front-end filters limit the UHF Receiver module to sub bands of 403-430MHz, 430-450MHz, 450-470MHz, 470-490MHz, and 490-512MHz. The microcontroller on the Transmitter module provides metering for the receiver, generates the automatic gain control (AGC) voltages, controls the Receiver module’s synthesisers and stores receiver configuration information. Figure 7.22: UHF Receiver Module in Place within Terminal 7.8.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this section. The Transmitter module provides control to both the Receiver module and the Receiver Front-End module (AGC and synthesiser setting) and also collects measurements from the Receiver modules. An apparent Receiver problem may actually be caused by a fault with the Transmitter module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-40 Issue 4 - August 2001 The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. Accessing the UHF Receiver Module To gain service access to the Receiver module, remove the bottom cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis With the unit de-powered, check the receiver module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that all connectors are fully mated. If no damage is apparent, apply power and follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.23 overleaf
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-41 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.23: UHF Receiver Module Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginRec eiv eFrequencycorrect?Rec eiv erFront-end tunedcorrectly?Set correctReceive FrequencyYesNoNoCaution: Antennaoutput mus t beterminated in 50 OhmsYesTune Front-end filterRSSIMeasurementsOK?FinishSuspect that Receiveror Transmitter moduleis faultyReceiver module appearsto be fault-free, suspectthat another Module isfaultyNoReplace Receiver orTransmitter ModuleYes
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-42 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.8.3 Alignment Module Re-tuning If the frequency of the Receiver module is to be changed by more than ±2.5 MHz from its tuned frequency, the following checks or adjustments are required: Checking the VCO Loop Voltage 1. Set the new Receive frequency via the front panel as per Section 3. 2. Remove the bottom cover and refer to Figure 7.24 below to identify the location of the Loop Volts output feed-through capacitor in the local oscillator module. Check with a digital multi-meter (DMM) that the VCO Loop Volts measurement is within the range of 3 to 4 Volts DC. If necessary, reset this by adjusting VCO trimmer capacitor CV101 as indicated in Figure 7.24 below. (It will be necessary to remove the screw in the aluminium block to access the trimmer. Always replace this screw after adjustment). Figure 7.24: Location of Loop Volts adjustment CV101 Adjustment of the receiver bandpass filter 1. With the bottom cover removed, set terminal to ‘On-demand’ mode to ensure the transmitter is turned off. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1; disconnect the coaxes from SK101 and SK102 on the Receiver Front-End module. Feed the output of SK102 to the RF input of a scalar network analyser (or spectrum analyser with tracking generator), with reference amplitude of -10dBm and span of 4MHz/div. 3. Set the RF output of the analyser’s tracking generator level to -50dBm and feed it into socket SK101 on the Receiver Front-End module. 4. The filter is made up of a dual tuneable helical package (FL101) and triple tuneable helical packages (FL102 and FL103) all within a tin can mounted on the PCB. Using a suitable tuning tool, adjust FL102 and FL103 to “walk” the filter response along, until it is centred on the desired receive frequency. Then tune FL101 for maximum gain and sharpest response at the desired frequency.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-43 Issue 4 - August 2001 Due to the interaction between the filter components, it is advisable to repeat this procedure a number of times. 5. Disconnect the analyser. Reconnect the Duplexer to SK101 and the Receiver Module to SK102. 6. Disconnect the analyser. Reconnect the Duplexer to SK101 and the Receiver Module to SK102. Note: The Duplexer module must also be adjusted to suit the new centre frequency (refer to Section 7.10.3 for tuning details). Receiver Maintenance Adjustments The baseband DC offset may drift with age. To check or adjust: 1. Connect an oscilloscope in XY mode to PL301 (pins 1 and 3). Ensure that the oscilloscope is DC coupled and centred on the display. 2. Disable the transmitter by setting the terminal to On-demand operation in the Terminal Set-up menu (Refer to Section 3 for details). 3. Put the EX7100 terminal into Align Mode with CW and Tx: Low selected. (Refer to Section 4.5.1). 4. Apply an un-modulated RF carrier at approximately –80dBm on channel into the receiver (W101) 5. A circle should appear on the oscilloscope. Adjust the signal generator RF level for a circle of ~2 volts peak to peak diameter. Adjust RV301 and RV302 to centre circle about 0 volts (i.e. remove the DC offset). 7.8.4 UHF Receiver Replacement Procedure Note: It is necessary to remove the Front-End module prior to replacing the Receiver module, however, the Front-End module can be replaced without removal of the Receiver module. Removal of the Type 8055 Front-End Module 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). 4. Remove coaxial connectors SK101 & SK102 from the Receiver Front-End module and connector PL104 from the Receiver board. 5. Remove the four screws holding the Receiver Front-End module and lift the Front-End PCB out of the casting. 6. Position the new Receiver Front-End Module and replace the four mounting screws.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-44 Issue 4 - August 2001 7. Re-connect all cables as removed in 4. above. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 8. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 9. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 10. If necessary, retune the Receiver Front-End module (refer to Section 7.8.3). 11. Reset the receive frequency and other variables as necessary (refer to Section 3 as required) 12. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.8.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 13. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 14. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-45 Issue 4 - August 2001 Removal of the Receiver module 1. Remove the Front-End module as previously described. Remove the following connectors from the Receiver PCB: PL101, PL102 and PL103. 2. Remove the two stand-offs and two M3 screws and washers that hold the Receiver module into the casting, then remove the Receiver module, keeping all fastenings in a safe place. 3. Remove the two stand-offs that retain the Front-End module to the Receiver module and refit to the new Receiver module. 4. Place four nylon spacers on top of the four bosses and carefully position the new Receiver PCB into the casting, taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Refit the two screws and remaining stand-offs, tightening carefully. 5. Reconnect connectors PL101, PL102 and PL103 on the Receiver module. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 6. Replace the Front-End module as previously described. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 7. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 8. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 9. If necessary, retune the Receiver Front-End module (refer to Section 7.8.3). 10. Reset the receive frequency and other variables as necessary (refer to Section 3 as required) 11. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.8.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 12. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 13. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-46 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.9 VHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8013 7.9.1 General The Duplex Filter (or Duplexer) allows the receiver and transmitter modules to be connected to one antenna at each terminal. This is achieved with selective filtering. At the receive frequency the antenna port of the Duplexer is connected as directly as possible to the receiver input. Similarly at the transmit frequency the antenna port is connected as directly as possible to the transmitter PA output. The Duplexer isolates the receiver from the large signals produced by the transmitter. In addition, it provides significant protection against lightning damage to the radio. Note: The use of suitable earthing and an external lightning arrester is recommended at all times, refer to Section 2.6.1 for further details. Three VHF Duplexer variants are available, covering 138 to 156MHz, 148-162 MHz and 152 to 175MHz. Note: The duplexer Tx and Rx notches have a bandwidth of only 100kHz. This means that when changing the EX7100 frequencies by more than two channels from centre frequency, the duplexer will need to be re-channelled VHF Connections The Duplexer module has three connection ports: Antenna, High and Low. Antenna Provides RF connection to/from the installed antenna. High Connection is dependent on the Tx and Rx operating frequency pair. If the Tx operates on the higher frequency, the High port connects to the PA output (PL102). If the Rx operates on the higher frequency, the High port connects to the Receiver Front-End input (SK101). Low Connection will be the reverse of that detailed above, dependent on which module is using the lower frequency. VHF Mounting The Duplexer module is mounted on the underside of the Top Cover via 4 threaded studs and associated fasteners When removing the Terminal top cover, care should be taken to avoid damaging the duplexer’s flying leads.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-47 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.9.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Duplexer is a passive product that once correctly aligned should provide stable performance without failure. The major failure modes of Duplexers are: > Connectors not being fully mated or cable failure. > Incorrect Duplexer tuning, causing degraded transmitter and/or receiver performance. > Mechanical failure of internal components, usually causing complete failure of the link. Fault-finding methods are: 1. Check that the RF connectors are fully mated. 2. Substitute the Duplexer for one that is known to be correctly tuned or 3. Check the Duplexer’s performance using a network analyser or spectrum analyser with tracking generator (refer to Section 7.9.3). Checking RF Connectors Remove the top and bottom covers as per Section 6.1. With the terminal de-powered, check that the three RF connectors on the Duplexer are fully mated. Similarly, check that the PA, Transmitter and Receiver module coax connectors are fully home. If no problems are found with the connections, either check the performance of the Duplexer with an analyser (refer Section 7.9.3) or replace the Duplexer (refer Section 7.9.4). 7.9.3 Alignment VHF Module Re-tuning Duplexer adjustment requires the use of a scalar network analyser, or spectrum analyser with tracking generator, with the performance outlined in Table 7.4 below. Measurement Preferred Capability Minimum Capability Transmission: Dynamic Range & Isolation 95dB 80dB Return Loss: Capability 30dB 20dB Table 7.4: Required Measurement Capability
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-48 Issue 4 - August 2001 Refer to Figure 7.25 and the steps outlined below: Figure 7.25: VHF Duplex Filter Adjustment Locations 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the antenna port. 2. Connect the analyser input to the high frequency port. 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the low frequency port of the Duplexer. Set the analyser to the maximum output level available. 4. Adjust the three low pass adjustment screws to maximise the notch on the high operating frequency of the Duplexer. 5. Adjust the three high pass adjustment screws to maximise the notch on the low operating frequency of the Duplexer. 6. Repeat the two steps above until the notches are centred and maximised on the two notch frequencies. The notches should provide greater than 85dB isolation (typically 90dB). On many analysers, it is not possible to measure the full isolation, as there is not sufficient dynamic range available. 7. Check that the insertion loss from the low frequency port to the antenna port is less than 1.5dB (0.8dB typical). 8. Check that the insertion loss from the high frequency port to the antenna port is less than 1.5dB (0.8dB typical). 9. If a return loss bridge is available check that the return loss into the high and low frequency ports is better than 16dB. High Pass Adjustment Screws Low Pass Adjustment Screws High Freq Port Low Freq Port High Freq Port matching capacitors Low Freq Port matching inductors Antenna Port
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-49 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.9.4 VHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure Note: Ensure that the replacement module has been correctly tuned to the operating frequencies required before installation (refer to Section 7.9.3 above) 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the top cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). Disconnect the three coax cables from the Duplexer. 4. Remove the fasteners holding the Duplexer to the cover and lift it clear. 5. Fit the new Duplexer over the threaded studs and replace the fasteners. Tighten the fasteners. 6. Reconnect the three coaxes to the positions recorded previously. 7. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 8. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 9. Check that the received signal strength (RSSI) and forward power are at the levels expected and that the VSWR alarm is not being generated.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-50 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.10 UHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8045 7.10.1 General The Duplexer allows the receiver and transmitter modules to be connected to one antenna at each terminal. This is achieved with selective filtering. At the receive frequency the antenna port of the Duplexer is connected as directly as possible to the receiver input. Similarly at the transmit frequency the antenna port is connected as directly as possible to the transmitter PA output. The Duplexer is made up of a four cavity notch filter, a Band Pass Band Reject (BPBR) filter and a Band Reject Band Pass filter (BRBP). The BPBR is a low pass filter and is connected to the Receiver or Transmitter operating on the low frequency. The BRBP is a high pass filter and is connected to the Receiver or Transmitter operating on the high frequency. The Duplexer isolates the receiver from the large signals produced by the transmitter. In addition, it provides significant protection against lightning damage to the radio. Note: The use of suitable earthing and an external lightning arrester is recommended at all times, refer to Section 2.6.1 for further details. Two Duplexer variants cover the UHF band in two halves: 403-450MHz and 450-512MHz. Each variant caters for either a 5-7MHz Rx/Tx spacing, or 9-13MHz Rx/Tx spacing. This must be considered when ordering EX7100 systems. UHF Connections The Duplex filter module has three connection ports: Antenna, High and Low. Antenna Provides RF connection to/from the installed antenna. High Connection is dependent on the Tx and Rx operating frequency pair. If the Tx operates on the higher frequency, the High port connects, via the BRBP filter, to the PA output (PL102). If the Rx operates on the higher frequency, the High port connects, via the BRBP filter, to the Receiver Front-End input (SK101). Low Connection will be the reverse of that detailed above, dependent on which module is using the lower frequency. UHF Mounting The Duplexer module is externally mounted on the EX7100 terminal Top Cover via 14 threaded studs and associated fasteners (refer to 7.10.5 Duplexer Replacement Procedure).
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-51 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.10.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Duplexer is a passive product that once correctly aligned should provide stable performance without failure. The major failure modes of Duplexers are: > Connectors not being fully mated or cable failure. > Incorrect Duplexer tuning, causing degraded transmitter and/or receiver performance. > Mechanical failure of internal components, usually causing complete failure of the link. Fault-finding methods are: 1. Check that the RF connectors are fully mated. 2. Substitute the Duplexer for one that is known to be correctly tuned or 3. Check the Duplexers performance using a network analyser or spectrum analyser with tracking generator (refer to Section 7.10.3). Checking RF Connectors With the terminal de-powered, check that the eight RF connectors on the Duplexer are fully mated. Similarly, check that the two RF connectors on the terminal rear panel are fully home. If no problems are found with the connections, either check the performance of the Duplexer with an analyser (refer Section 7.10.3) or replace the Duplexer (refer Section 7.10.5). 7.10.3 Alignment UHF Module Re-tuning Duplexer adjustment requires the use of a scalar network analyser, or spectrum analyser with tracking generator, with the performance outlined in Table 7.5 below. Measurement Preferred Capability Minimum Capability Transmission: Dynamic Range & Isolation 95dB 80dB Return Loss: Capability 30dB 20dB Table 7.5: Required Measurement Capability
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-52 Issue 4 - August 2001 Refer to Figure 7.26 and the steps outlined below: Figure 7.26: UHF Duplex Filter Adjustment Locations Note: From this point on the whole assembly will be referred to as the “Duplexer”, the Band Reject Band Pass filter will be referred to as “BRBP”, the Band Pass Band Reject filter as “BPBR” and the larger notch filter as “Duplex filter”. The Duplexer is tuned in two steps. Initially the three parts (BRBP, BPBR and Duplex filter) are tuned separately. The three parts are then connected together and the final tuning is carried out to take into account the interaction between the three parts. Bracketed ( ) numbers refer to the port numbers in figure 7.26 above. Before undertaking the following procedures, ensure that the EX7100 terminal has been powered down. BRBPBand Reject Band Pass Filter(HPF)BPBRBand Pass Band RejectFilter(LPF)4 Cavity Duplex filterHigh Lowlow passadjustmentHigh passadjustmentTx or Rx Tx or RxAntenna1234567A B C D E F G H I J
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-53 Issue 4 - August 2001 Note1: Note that on many analysers, it is not possible to measure the full isolation, as there is not sufficient dynamic range available. Therefore, it is suggested that the trace, at the point where it becomes noise, be centred on the centre vertical graticule of the instrument. Check the notch depth (Isolation Loss) at this point. BRBP Filter adjustment (HPF) 1. Disconnect both coax leads from the BRBP section of the Duplexer. 2. Connect the analyser input to port (1). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into port (2). Set the analyser to the low frequency of the terminal at the maximum output level available. 4. Adjust the three adjustment screws on the BRBP filter for the deepest notch on the low operating frequency of the terminal (See Note1 above). Check that the notch depth (Isolation Loss) is ≥ 80dB. 5. Check that the Insertion Loss is ≤ 1.0dB. 6. Reconnect all leads to the BRBP filter. BPBR Filter adjustment (LPF) 1. Disconnect both coax leads from the BPBR section of the Duplexer. 2. Connect the analyser input to port (7). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into port (6). Set the analyser to the high frequency of the terminal at the maximum output level available. 4. Adjust the three adjustment screws on the BPBR filter for the deepest notch on the high operating frequency of the terminal (See Note1 above). Check that the notch depth (Isolation Loss) is ≥ 80dB. 5. Check that the Insertion Loss is ≤ 1.0dB. 6. Reconnect all leads to the BPBR filter. Duplex Filter adjustment 1. Disconnect the “High” and “Low” coax leads from the Duplex filter section of the Duplexer. Connect a 50Ω load to the Antenna port (4). 2. Connect the analyser input to the high frequency port (3). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the low frequency port (5). Set the analyser to the high frequency of the terminal at the maximum output level available. 4. Adjust the two low pass adjustment screws on the Duplex filter for the deepest notch on the high operating frequency of the terminal (See Note1 above). Check that the notch depth (Isolation Loss) is ≥ 80dB.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-54 Issue 4 - August 2001 5. Adjust the two high adjustment screws on the Duplex filter for the deepest notch on the low operating frequency of the terminal (See Note1 above). Check that the notch depth (Isolation Loss) is ≥ 80dB. 6. Check that the Insertion Loss is ≤ 1.0dB. 7. Reconnect all leads to the Duplex filter. 7.10.4 Duplexer Tuning / Performance Checks With the three sections of the Duplexer connected together as shown in figure 7.26, check the following performance parameters: Notch Depth (Isolation Loss) Low Pass Filter: 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the antenna port (4). 2. Connect the analyser input to the high frequency port (1). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the low frequency port (7) of the Duplexer. Set the analyser to the maximum output level available. 4. With the tracking generator output set to the high frequency, check that the filter notch is ≥80dB. If a non-compliance is observed, the Duplexer tuning screws F, G, H, I may be slightly adjusted. Upon adjustment, all performance parameters of the Duplexer must be re-checked. High Pass Filter: 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the antenna port (4). 2. Connect the analyser input to the low frequency port (7). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the high frequency port (1) of the Duplexer. Set the analyser to the maximum output level available. 4. With the tracking generator output set to the low frequency, check that the filter notch is ≥80dB. If a non-compliance is observed, the Duplexer tuning screws B, C, D, E may be slightly adjusted. Upon adjustment, all performance parameters of the Duplexer must be re-checked. Insertion Loss Low Pass Filter: 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the high frequency port (1). 2. Connect the analyser input to the Antenna port (4). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the low frequency port (7) of the Duplexer. Set the analyser to the maximum output level available.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-55 Issue 4 - August 2001 4. With the tracking generator output set to the low frequency, check that the filter insertion loss is < 2.0dB (1.5-2.0dB typical). If a non-compliance is observed, the Duplexer tuning screws F, G, H, I may be slightly adjusted. Upon adjustment, all performance parameters of the Duplexer must be re-checked. High Pass Filter: 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the low frequency port (7). 2. Connect the analyser input to the Antenna port (4). 3. Feed the tracking generator output into the high frequency port (1) of the Duplexer. Set the analyser to the maximum output level available. 4. With the tracking generator output set to the high frequency, check that the filter insertion loss is < 2.0dB (1.5-2.0dB typical). If a non-compliance is observed, the Duplexer tuning screws B, C, D, E may be slightly adjusted. Upon adjustment, all performance parameters of the Duplexer must be re-checked. Note: Reconnect all cables as per Figure 7.26 7.10.5 UHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure Note: Ensure that the replacement module has been correctly tuned to the operating frequencies required before installation (refer to Section 7.10.3 above) 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). Disconnect the coax cables from the Duplexer. 3. Remove the fasteners holding the Duplexer to the cover and lift it clear. 4. Fasten the new Duplexer to the cover. 5. Reconnect the coaxes to the positions recorded previously. 6. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 7. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 4. Check that the received signal strength (RSSI) and forward power are at the levels expected and that the VSWR alarm is not being generated.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-56 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.11 Modem/Controller Module Type 2966 7.11.1 General The Modem/Controller module provides the bulk of the EX7100 terminal’s control and data conversion functionality. Although the same hardware is used for both UHF and VHF systems, different software is fitted. This module contains the master controller for the EX7100. This controls the Front Panel module and manages the microcontrollers that are present on many of the other modules via an RS-485 bus. Each module within the EX7100 contains a microcontroller that manages and stores the parameters particular to that module. The main controller acts as an interface between each module and the user, giving access to each module’s parameters, and monitoring for alarms. Diagnostic and alignment tools are also available through the controller. Also present on this module is the EX7100 modem and framer. Incoming user data to the terminal has system engineering data added, then is converted to a format suitable for transmission over the link, and output to the transmitter module. Similarly, data from the receiver is converted from the transmission format, has the system engineering data removed, and sends the user data to the requiired interface. The rear panel data connector PCB connects the Modem/Controller PCB to the external world. The Modem/Controller module also contains the 64kbps digital interfaces, G.703 and V.35. The user connections to these interfaces on the rear panel connect directly to this PCB. Modem/Controller ModuleRear Panel Data Connector PCB64k Data & ClocksI/O PortRibbon Connector From Modem ControllerControlLMS 64kbps Data Control LMS I/OFront Panel ModuleRX&TX 64k DataModule Comms BusRear Panel ConnectorsRibbon Connector From Modem Controller Figure 7.27: Modem/Controller Block Diagram
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-57 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.28: Modem/Controller in Place within Terminal 7.11.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface; soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The Modem/Controller module contains a lithium battery. There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturers instructions. General The Modem/Controller module is very complex and interacts with all of the other modules and control systems within the EX7100 terminal. For this reason, a faulty Modem/Controller module may cause symptoms that appear elsewhere, and faults elsewhere may cause symptoms to appear at the Modem/Controller module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-58 Issue 4 - August 2001 Accessing the Modem/Controller To gain service access to the Modem/Controller module, remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis Under normal operating conditions and with a link established, D8, D100, D101 and D102 should all be on. If this is not the case, follow the instructions below: With the unit de-powered, check the Modem/Controller module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that all connectors are fully mated and that all socketed ICs are fully inserted. If no damage is apparent, attach the antenna and power leads. Follow the steps in Figure 7.29 overleaf.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-59 Issue 4 - August 2001 Figure 7.29: Modem/Controller Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginEX7100 LCDoperational?Pow er SupplyVoltages OK?Sw itch on EX7100 Terminal w ithTop Cover RemovedD501 on continuously?D104 should be off.D103 (Red LED) flashesonce then stays off?Suspect thatModem/Controllermodule is faultySuspect that the Pow erSupply module is faultyYesNoNoNoRef er to Pow erSupply ModuleSection 7.2Suspect that the FrontPanel module orModem/Controller moduleis faultyYes Refer to FrontPanel ModuleSection 7.12Replace Front PanelmoduleEX7100 LCDoperational?YesReplaceModem/ControllermoduleNoCaution: Antennaoutput mus t beterminated in 50 OhmsYesD100, D101 and D102turn on sequentially?Modem/Controller moduleappears to be fault-free,suspect that anotherModule is faultyYesFinishNo
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-60 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.11.3 Alignment The Modem/Controller module requires no alignment and has no user adjustments. 7.11.4 Modem/Controller Module Replacement Procedure 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the top cover as described in Section 6.1. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). 4. Remove connections PL1, PL2, PL3, PL4, PL8, PL9 and PL502 from the Modem/Controller module 5. Remove the six M3 screws and washers that retain the module. Keep the screws in a safe place. 6. Carefully position the new Modem/Controller PCB into the casting taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Replace the six M3 PCB mounting screws. Carefully tighten the screws. 7. Re-connect all cables as removed in 4. above. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 8. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 9. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. Check that at turn-on the two PCB mounted red LED's stay on for approximately one second and then extinguish. D501 should be on continuously and D104 should be off. As the link starts up, green LED's D100, D101 and D102 should come on sequentially (note that a full link must be established to meet this requirement). If red LED D103 continue to flash, the Modem/Controller module is probably faulty. 10. Replace the top cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 11. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-61 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.12 Front Panel Module Type 2994 7.12.1 General The Front Panel module is used for terminal configuration and to check status of various parameters (refer to Sections 3 and 4 for complete details). The Front panel operates under the command of the Controller on the Modem Controller module Type 2966. Figure 7.30: Front Panel Block Diagram Data to LCD Liquid CrystalDisplay (LCD)LED Drive Light EmittingDiodes (LEDs)& BacklightingVoltage toFront PanelTest pointsFront PanelTest PointsData FromKeypad KeypadRibbonConnector FromModem Controller
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-62 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.12.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis If it is suspected that the Display Module is not operating correctly, follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.31. Figure 7.31: Front Panel Fault Diagnostic Tree BeginFront PanelPow er LED on?Ribbon CablePlugged intoModem/ControllerCard?Back LightningOperates w henButton is pushed?Suspect that Pow er Supplyor Modem/Controller moduleis faultyYesNoNoYesRefer to Pow er SupplyModule Section 7.2 orModem/ControllerModule Section 7.11Plug Ribbon Cable inNoPlug Ribbon inNoYesFront Panel moduleappears to befault-freeFinishYesLCD Operating? Replace Front PanelModuleNoYesKeypad FlexibleRibbon Plugged in?Replace Front PanelModule
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-63 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.12.3 Alignment The Front Panel module requires no alignment and has no user adjustments. 7.12.4 Module Replacement Procedure Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 1. Remove the six screws that hold the Front Panel to the casting then remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Keep all screws in a safe place. 2. Disconnect the Front Panel’s ribbon connector from PL8 on the Modem/Controller module. 3. Remove the four countersunk M4 screws that hold the Front Panel module into the casting. Install the new Front Panel module into the casting. Carefully tighten the screws 4. Re-connect the Front Panel’s ribbon connector to PL8 on the Modem/Controller module. 5. Refit the front 19” rack-mounting panel using the six screws removed in 1. above. 6. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of any foreign debris. Remove and clean as required. 7. Replace the top cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 8. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. Check that the new Front Panel operates correctly. 9. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-64 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.13 Line Interfaces Type 2971 and Type 2967 7.13.1 General Inclusion of a six-channel Line Interface in each EX7100 terminal allows six analogue exchange or subscriber telephone lines (depending on which module is fitted) to be operated over the EX7100 link. Voice, fax and data traffic can be accommodated. Each Line Interface module carries all the necessary line interface, speech compression and control components. A 50-way Champ connector is provided on the rear panel for line connections as shown in Figure 7.32 below. 6 Ch Line I/f Module(Exch or Subs)Rear PanelChampConnectorPCBAnalogueLines123456ModemControllerModule64kb/sControlPL902PL902PL16AnalogueLines Figure 7.32: Six Channel Line Interface Connection Block Diagram Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 is attached as a daughter-board; it provides the necessary power supply rails for each Line Interface. This sub-module should be considered part of the Line Interface module. Refer to Section 7.14 for details of this module. Four wire + E & M Interface Type 8022 The Exchange Terminal may be fitted with an optional Four Wire + E & M Interface. This PCB is positioned above the Two-wire Exchange Interface Card. Jumpers JP103, JP203, JP303, JP403, JP503 and JP603 allow for selection of positive or negative M-wire for each of the six channels. For information relating to the E & M wire interface, refer to Appendix A.6
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-65 Issue 4 - August 2001 The Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 contains a +100V power rail that is potentially dangerous or lethal. To ensure personal safety, please observe caution when operating the EX7100 terminal with the covers removed. Figure 7.33: Subscriber Line Interface in Place within Terminal Figure 7.34: Exchange Line Interface in Place within Terminal
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-66 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.13.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges. The Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 contains a +100V power rail that is potentially dangerous or lethal. To ensure personal safety, please observe caution when operating the EX7100 terminal with the covers removed Accessing the Line Interface Module To gain service access to the Line Interface module: 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Keep all screws in a safe place. Diagnosis Check the module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components. Check that socketed ICs are fully home. Check that all connectors are fully mated. If no problems are apparent, apply power and follow the steps outlined in figure 7.35.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-67 Issue 4 - August 2001 BeginModemController D8 onand D9off?Suspect Radioor ModemProblemNoYesSuspect Radioor ModemProblemNoEnsure That FullDuplex Link isOperatingLoopbackLines. LoopbackWorks On All 6Lines?Line CardProbablyFaultyReplace LineCardNoLine Card Isprobably OKFinishYesLine CardConfigurationCorrect?Configure LineCardYesNoYesLineInterface PSUVoltagesOK?YesReplace LineInterface PSUModuleNoSeeNote 1 Note 1: At first turn on, all LEDs adjacentto the DSPs should be ON. After going off-hook and DTMF dialling, the LED for theparticular channel will go OFF. Figure 7.35: Six Channel Line Interface Fault Diagnostic Tree 7.13.3 Alignment/Re-tuning Each Line Interface module requires no physical alignment or physical user adjustment.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-68 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.13.4 Line Interface Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of either Line Interface module. Refer to Section 6.1 for the initial procedure then: 1. Remove the six screws that hold the Front Panel to the casting. 2. Remove the screw that retains the Isolated Power Supply module’s heat sink block. 3. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure). 4. Remove PL1, PL2 and PL3 from the Isolated Power Supply module. 5. Remove the four screws that hold the Isolated Power Supply PCB. Lift the Isolated Power Supply PCB clear of the casting. Keep all screws in a safe place. 6. Remove connections PL1 and PL902 from the Line Interface module. Remove the grounding wire at the terminal casting lug. 7. Remove the four Isolated Power Supply threaded stand-offs and the five stand-offs and two screws that retain the Line Interface PCB. Keep the fixings in a safe place. 8. Holding only the edges of the PCB, carefully lift the Line Interface module clear of the terminal. 9. Carefully position the new Line Interface PCB into the casting, taking care not to flex the PCB as this can cause damage to the surface mounted components. Replace the four Isolated Power Supply threaded stand-offs and the five stand-offs and two screws that hold the PCB into the casting. 10. Refit the Isolated Line Interface PSU module and replace the four screws that hold the Isolated Power Supply PCB. (Note: The screw with the nylon washer must be fitted next to PL2 pin 1 on the Isolated Power Supply PCB). Tighten the four mounting screws. 11. Refit the screw that holds the PSU heat sink block against the main casting. 12. Refit the Front Panel by reversing step 1. above 13. Re-connect all cables as removed in 4. and 6. above. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 14. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 15. Replace the top cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 16. Re-install the EX7100 back into its rack and re-connect all necessary power, signalling and antenna cabling.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-69 Issue 4 - August 2001 7.14 Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 7.14.1 General Isolated power supply module Type 2990 provides DC power to the six-channel Exchange Interface circuit board Type 2967 and six-channel Subscriber Interface circuit board Type 2971 as required. The output rails of the power supply are isolated from the input rail; the isolated supply can withstand 3.5kV potential difference between input and output. 7.14.2 Description The module consists of two current-mode flyback converters, switching at approximately 120kHz. One converter provides the various +5V and –5V rails (analogue and digital supplies) The other converter provides the -48V rail to power the telephone line and +100V for the ring voltage generator on the Subscriber Interface circuit. Both supplies are regulated via optocouplers. None of the output rails are individually current-limited, but each converter incorporates current limiting in the control IC. This limits the maximum power that can be delivered to the outputs. All rails except the +100V rail incorporate LC noise filtering. A 10-way output connector provides access to the various output rails. The module runs off the +24V rail provided by the main Power Supply Type 2964 (refer to Section 7.2). The input connector carries both +24V and +5V. Note: The +5V input is not used on the module board, but is passed directly onto a secondary power connector for the non-isolated side of the Interface board. 7.14.3 Testing and Fault Diagnosis The output rails of the isolated power supply can not be monitored via the front panel. If a fault is suspected in the isolated power supply, it requires manual testing. The Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 contains a +100V power rail that is potentially dangerous or lethal. To ensure personal safety, please observe caution when operating the EX7100 terminal with the covers removed.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-70 Issue 4 - August 2001 Accessing the Isolated Power Supply Module Remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis 1. Connect the negative probe of the digital multi-meter (DMM) to pin 1 of connector PL2. Using the positive probe of the DMM, touch all the other pins of PL2 in turn and check the measured voltage against Table 7.5 below: Pin on PL2 Expected Voltage Accepted Tolerance 1 0V ±0.1V 2 +5V ±0.25V 3 -48V ±4.0V 4 +5V ±0.25V 5 0V ±0.1V 6 -5V ±0.5V 7 -5V ±0.5V 8 0V ±0.1V 9 +5V ±0.25V 10 +100V ±10.0V Table 7.5: Typical Power Supply Measurement Ranges
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 7-71 Issue 4 - August 2001 2. Connect the negative probe of the DMM to pin 2 of connector PL3. Using the positive probe of the DMM, touch pin 1 of PL3 and check the measured voltage against Table 7.6 below Pin on PL3 Expected Voltage Accepted Tolerance 1 +5V ±0.25V 2 0V ±0.1V Table 7.6: Typical Power Supply Measurement Ranges
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EX7100 Technical Manual – Repeater Configuration ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 8-1 Issue 2 – August 2001 8 EX7100 Repeater Configuration 8.1 General The EX7100 can be configured as a full duplex repeater to enable the link to operate over a much greater distance and over difficult terrain. In repeater configuration, the EX7100 retains the extensive remote monitoring and diagnostics via the system’s internal engineering channel. An EX7100 repeater is made up of two 64kbps Data terminals linked back-to-back at the G.703 level. Any EX7100 terminal, whether 64Kbps digital or six-channel, may be configured for use as a repeater from its front panel, enabling a user to redeploy existing link terminals as required. Figure 8.1: EX7100 Repeater 8.2 Installation Installation of an EX7100 repeater will follow similar instructions to installing any other EX7100 terminal. Terminals need to be mounted in close proximity to one another enable necessary interconnecting cables to be as short as possible. As the typical location of a repeater site tends to be lightning prone, extra care should be taken to ensure that all terminal grounding and lightning protection systems are well engineered. 8.3 Terminal Interconnections To enable retransmission of both user and engineering traffic through the repeater there are basic connections that need to be made between the two terminals. Irrespective of the end-to-end transmission, ie six channel telephone or 64kbps data, the transmission between the two repeater terminals site is done using the co-directional G.703 interface. A Repeater Kit, containing the necessary cables mentioned below, is provided with each pair of repeater terminals EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100 EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100ControlG.703 75 ohm64kbps Data Terminal 64kbps Data Terminal
EX7100 Technical Manual – Repeater Configuration ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd 8-2 Issue 2 – August 2001 G.703 Interconnect A G.703 crossover is required to pass the digital data stream between terminals. The G.703 output port of each terminal must be connected to the G.703 input port of the other terminal. This is best done using the 75 Ohm G.703 connections on the rear panel. Control Interconnect. The RS-485 control signals on the Control port of each terminal must be connected together using a straight wired, shielded cable. Note: Only pins 1, 2, and 5 should be linked. Incorrect use of this port will cause the EX7100 to fail. 8.4 Software Configuration. Both terminals must be configured as G.703 data terminals as per the instructions in Section 3. Specific parameters that need to be configured are: Interface: Codir G.703 Tx Data Clock: Sync. to Rx Operating Mode: Repeater 100% or Repeater On-demand Link ID: Both terminals must be set for the same Link ID as the remote terminals in the link. Note: The Repeater On-Demand mode will allow the repeater to remain idle (i.e. not transmitting) until it detects RF from a remote terminal. This is a feature of the EX7100 that enables low power consumption during quiet periods. If any of the terminals in the radio link are set to 100% mode (i.e. always transmitting), all other terminals in the link will effectively be transmitting due to the detection of RF from the remote terminal 8.5 Remote Monitoring All configuration, monitoring, and diagnostic functions available in the standard EX7100 terminals are also available in Repeater configured terminals. The ‘Monitoring a remote terminal’ procedure outlined in Section 4.3 describes how to set up a test link with either of the repeater terminals to enable the user to remotely monitor or reconfigure that terminal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-1 Issue 3 - August 2001 Appendix A Connector Pin Information A.1 LMS This 9-pin (DB9) socket allows connection of the ELMS Link Management system, as well as networking of multiple terminals via the system’s RS-485 Bus. A.2 Control This 9-pin (DB9) socket is used in repeater configuration, to connect two EX7100 terminals back-to-back. Note: Incorrect use of this connector will cause the EX7100 to fail. Use only as directed. Note: Connecting pins 6 and 7 to two channels of an oscilloscope, set in XY mode, will allow monitoring of the received demodulated QAM constellation.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-2 Issue 3 - August 2001 A.3 G.703 Provides a 120-ohm connection for 64kbps co-directional G.703 Digital Data, using a 15-pin DB15 socket. A.4 Synchronous Data Provides connection of 64kbps synchronous V.35 Digital Data, via a 15-way (DB15) socket. Refer to Section A.7 for V.35 interface adapter cable details.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-3 Issue 3 - August 2001 A.5 Input/Output A DB25 connector provides six input/output open-collector contacts for connection of externally generated site alarms, as well as high and low priority alarm outputs for internal system alarms. Note: This port uses TTL signal levels. Failure to comply with these levels may cause damage to the EX7100. Note: All inputs and outputs are floating. Figure A-5 I/O circuit detail. Optocoupl er OptocouplerPin 21 Connect to 8 -15 VDCPin 14 Input 0 Pin 19 Input 5I/O DB25Inside EX7100OptocouplerOptocouplerPin 1 Output 0Pin 6 Output 5Pin 9 Connect to external ground560 ohms 560 ohmsOptocouplers Sharp PC3Q67QDiode (LED) Forward Voltage: Typically 1.2 VDiode (LED) Forward Current: Typically 20mA (min 3mA)Transistor VCEOmax: 35 VoltsMax IC: 50mA driven here for max of 7mA.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-4 Issue 3 - August 2001 A.6 Line Interface The 50-way Champ socket is internally wired to allow for any of the three terminal configurations (2-wire Exchange, 4-wire Exchange, and Subscriber). The table below shows pin allocation and interface cable wire colours for the three variants. Note: The colour indicated first is the main wire colour, the colour indicated second is the stripe. Pin Number Cable wire colour 2-wire Exchange (A - Tip, B - Ring) 4-wire+E&M Exchange Subscriber (A - Tip, B - Ring) 1 Blue/White Channel 1 (B-leg) - Channel 1 (B-leg) 2 Orange /White - Channel 1IN (B) - 3 Green/White - Channel 1 OUT (B) - 4 Brown/White - Channel 1 M-wire - 5 Slate/White Channel 2 (B-leg) - Channel 2 (B-leg) 6 Blue/Red - Channel 2 IN (B) - 7 Orange/Red - Channel 2 OUT (B) - 8 Green/Red - Channel 2 M-wire - 9 Brown/Red Channel 3 (B-leg) - Channel 3 (B-leg) 10 Slate/Red - Channel 3 IN (B) - 11 Blue/Black - Channel 3 OUT (B) - 12 Orange/Black - Channel 3 M-wire - 13 Green/Black Channel 4 (B-leg) - Channel 4 (B-leg) 14 Brown/Black - Channel 4 IN (B) - 15 Slate/Black - Channel 4 OUT (B) - 16 Blue/Yellow - Channel 4 M-wire - 17 Orange/Yellow Channel 5 (B-leg) - Channel 5 (B-leg) 18 Green/Yellow - Channel 5 IN (B) - 19 Brown/Yellow - Channel 5 OUT (B) - 20 Slate/Yellow - Channel 5 M-wire - 21 Blue/Violet Channel 6 (B-leg) - Channel 6 (B-leg) 22 Orange/Violet - Channel 6 IN (B) - 23 Green/Violet - Channel 6 OUT (B) - 24 Brown/Violet - Channel 6 M-wire - 25 Slate/Violet Ground Ground Ground 26 White/Blue Channel 1 (A-leg) - Channel 1 (A-leg) 27 White/Orange - Channel 1 IN (A) - 28 White/Green - Channel 1 OUT (A) - 29 White/Brown - Channel 1 E-wire - 30 White/Slate Channel 2 (A-leg) - Channel 2 (A-leg) 31 Red/Blue - Channel 2 IN (A) - 32 Red/Orange - Channel 2 OUT (A) - 33 Red/Green - Channel 2 E-wire - 34 Red/Brown Channel 3 (A-leg) - Channel 3 (A-leg) 35 Red/Slate - Channel 3 IN (A) - 36 Black/Blue - Channel 3 Out (A) - 37 Black/Orange - Channel 3 E-wire - 38 Black/Green Channel 4 (A-leg) - Channel 4 (A-leg) 39 Black/Brown - Channel 4 IN (A) - 40 Black/Slate - Channel 4 OUT (A) - 41 Yellow/Blue - Channel 4 E-wire - 42 Yellow/Orange Channel 5 (A-leg) - Channel 5 (A-leg) 43 Yellow/Green - Channel 5 IN (A) - 44 Yellow/Brown - Channel 5 OUT (A) - 45 Yellow/Slate - Channel 5 E-wire - 46 Violet/Blue Channel 6 (A-leg) - Channel 6 (A-leg) 47 Violet/Orange - Channel 6 IN (A) - 48 Violet/Green - Channel 6 OUT (A) - 49 Violet/Brown - Channel 6 E-wire - 50 Violet/Slate Ground Ground Ground
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-5 Issue 3 - August 2001 E & M Wire Interface Standards The EX7100 4-Wire + E&M interface conforms to the following internationally recognised standards. It should be noted that Exicom refers to each standard as Positive M-Wire and Negative M-wire. Positive or Negative M-wire selection is made, via six shunts on the 4-wire interface module. Positive M-Wire Condition M-wire E-wire On-Hook Open Open Off-Hook GND GND Negative M-Wire Condition M-wire E-wire On-Hook GND Open Off-Hook -48VDC GND -48VDCM WIREE WIREPABX E & M INTERFACERS-464 TYPE V-48VDC-48VDC-48VDCM WIREE WIREPABX E & M INTERFACERS-464 TYPE 1
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd A-6 Issue 3 - August 2001 A.7 Sync Data (DB15) to V.35 (M34) Interface Cable (DCE) If required, Exicom can supply an adapter cable to provide an industry standard (M-34) V.35 connection to user equipment. Note: The physical specifications of V.35 are not clearly defined, and vary from one equipment manufacturer to another. Some modifications to either Exicom’s interface cabling, or the user equipment cabling, may be required. Contact Exicom for details about other cables available. Pin number EX7100 Sync Data Signal Description Signal Direction Pin number V.35 (M-34F) Connector 1 Rx Data (+) ← P 2 Rx Data (-) ← S 3 Tx Data (+) → R 4 Tx Data (-) → T 5 CTS → D 6 RTS ← C 7 not used 8 Signal Ground B 9 Rx Clock (+) ← U 10 Rx Clock (-) ← W 11 Tx Clock (+) → V 12 Tx Clock (-) → X 13 DSR → E 14 DTR ← H 15 not used A-Shroud RTS, CTS, DSR, and DTR, are generally not used in synchronous transmission. If necessary these signals should be set to ‘On’ in the user equipment.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix B ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd B-1 Issue 1 - August 2001 Appendix B Options B.1 Line Terminating Frame The Line Terminating Frame (LTF) allows easy termination of six 2-wire circuits at both the exchange and subscriber ends of the radio link. This rack, or wall, mounted frame is an ideal connection point for reticulation of subscriber line cabling and may be ordered with various termination types, as well as Primary Lightning Protection circuitry, if required. The LTF is based on the proven Krone modules, and is available with either: > Standard Krone LSA terminations, > Standard Krone LSA and Screw terminations, > Standard Krone LSA and RJ12 terminations. The LTF may be ordered as a stand-alone item, or may be factory wired into the EX7100 Line Interface cable. Primary Lightning Protection Although the EX7100 Terminal has built-in secondary protection, Exicom strongly advises that Primary Lightning Protection be incorporated into any system design. The LTF is capable of housing the Krone ‘Comprotect’ range of Lightning protection modules. These modules provide protection of individual circuits, reducing the cost of other, 10-pair, module systems. Exicom offers the choice of two protection modules, one giving a simple Gas Arrester level of protection, and the other giving 5-point solid-state protection. Both modules simply plug in to the LTF, and are easily replaced once activated. Note: The LTF requires a solid earth connection to the same point as the earth connection between the EX7100 terminal and the equipment rack. An earth termination is provided within the LTF.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix B ©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd B-2 Issue 1 - August 2001 B.2 ELMS (Exicom Link Management System) ELMS is a software program designed to make monitoring and configuration of single and multiple EX7100 terminals easier for the user. ELMS operates on a Windows 95 or Windows NT platform. It enables the user to access local and remote EX7100 terminals. Terminal configurations can be downloaded, modified, and uploaded again. ELMS also provides the user with a more extensive alarm monitoring system than is available through the EX7100 terminal alone. By leaving an ELMS configured PC connected to a network of EX7100 links, the PC can act as an alarm monitoring station for the whole network. ELMS: Link Management ELMS interfaces to the EX7100 terminal through the LMS connector on the rear panel. Circuitry converts the internal RS-485 control protocol to RS-232 for easy connection to a PC serial port via an adapter cable. This adapter cable can be easily made using a shielded pair wire. EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100RS-485EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100EX7100EXICOM o oo o o oooEX7100Repeater

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