Fluke Thermometer 189 Users Manual

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Model 187 & 189 True RMS Multimeter
1. Before You Start
2. Getting Acquainted
3. Making Measurements
4. Using Memory & Communications Features
5. Changing the Default Settings
6. Maintenance
7. Specifications

Model 187 & 189

True RMS Multimeter

Users Manual

August 2000, Rev.2, 6/02

All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Lifetime Limited Warranty

Each Fluke 20, 70, 80, 170 and 180 Series DMM will be free from defects in material and workmanship for its lifetime. As used herein,

“lifetime” is defined as seven years after Fluke discontinues manufacturing the product, but the warranty period shall be at least ten years from

the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover fuses, disposable batteries, damage from neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration,

accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling, including failures caused by use outside of the product’s specifications, or normal

wear and tear of mechanical components. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable.

For ten years from the date of purchase, this warranty also covers the LCD. Thereafter, for the lifetime of the DMM, Fluke will replace the

LCD for a fee based on then current component acquisition costs.

To establish original ownership and prove date of purchase, please complete and return the registration card accompanying the product, or

register your product on http://www.fluke.com. Fluke will, at its option, repair at no charge, replace or refund the purchase price of a defec-

tive product purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet and at the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to charge

for importation costs of repair/replacement parts if the product purchased in one country is sent for repair elsewhere.

If the product is defective, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the

product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk

for damage in transit. Fluke will pay return transportation for product repaired or replaced in-warranty. Before making any non-warranty

repair, Fluke will estimate cost and obtain authorization, then invoice you for repair and return transportation.

THIS WARRANTY IS YOUR ONLY REMEDY. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE

EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL

DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. AUTHORIZED RESELLERS ARE

NOT AUTHORIZED TO EXTEND ANY DIFFERENT WARRANTY ON FLUKE’S BEHALF. Since some states do not allow the exclusion or

limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any provision of

this warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the

validity or enforceability of any other provision.

Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B.V.

P.O. Box 9090 P.O. Box 1186

Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD Eindhoven

U.S.A. The Netherlands

2/02

Table of Contents

Chapter Title Page

1 Before You Start .......................................................................................................... 1-1

Safety Information.......................................................................................................... 1-1

Contacting Fluke............................................................................................................ 1-1

Symbols.........................................................................................................................1-4

2 Getting Acquainted...................................................................................................... 2-1

Introduction....................................................................................................................2-1

Turning the Meter On..................................................................................................... 2-1

Battery Considerations .................................................................................................. 2-2

Automatic Power Off................................................................................................. 2-2

Automatic Backlight Off............................................................................................. 2-3

Low Battery Indication............................................................................................... 2-3

Rotary Switch................................................................................................................. 2-4

Pushbuttons................................................................................................................... 2-5

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

Selecting the Range....................................................................................................... 2-10

Understanding the Display............................................................................................. 2-10

Primary Display ......................................................................................................... 2-10

Secondary Display..................................................................................................... 2-11

Bar Graph.................................................................................................................. 2-11

Using the Input Terminals .............................................................................................. 2-17

Using Display Hold......................................................................................................... 2-18

Using AutoHOLD............................................................................................................ 2-19

Using MIN MAX.............................................................................................................. 2-19

Using FAST MN MX....................................................................................................... 2-21

Using HOLD with MIN MAX or FAST MN MX............................................................ 2-22

Using Relative Mode (REL)............................................................................................ 2-22

3 Making Measurements................................................................................................. 3-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................3-1

Measuring Voltage ......................................................................................................... 3-1

Measuring AC Voltage............................................................................................... 3-2

dB Measurements in AC Volts Functions.................................................................. 3-3

Measuring DC Voltage .............................................................................................. 3-4

Both AC and DC Voltage Measurements.................................................................. 3-4

Measuring Resistance.................................................................................................... 3-6

Testing for Continuity ..................................................................................................... 3-8

Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests.............................................................. 3-9

Measuring Capacitance.................................................................................................. 3-12

Testing Diodes ............................................................................................................... 3-13

Measuring Temperature................................................................................................. 3-15

Measuring Current ......................................................................................................... 3-16

Input Alert™ Feature................................................................................................. 3-17

Contents (continued)

iii

Measuring AC Current .............................................................................................. 3-18

Measuring DC Current.............................................................................................. 3-20

Measuring Frequency.................................................................................................... 3-22

Measuring Duty Cycle.................................................................................................... 3-23

Measuring Pulse Width.................................................................................................. 3-25

4 Using Memory & Communications Features ............................................................ 4-1

Introduction....................................................................................................................4-1

Types of Memory........................................................................................................... 4-1

Saved Readings Memory.......................................................................................... 4-1

Logged Readings Memory........................................................................................ 4-1

Storing Saved Readings................................................................................................ 4-2

Starting Logging ............................................................................................................ 4-2

Stopping Logging........................................................................................................... 4-2

Viewing Memory Data.................................................................................................... 4-3

Clearing Memory ........................................................................................................... 4-5

Using Communications (187 and 189) .......................................................................... 4-5

5 Changing the Default Settings ................................................................................... 5-1

Introduction....................................................................................................................5-1

Selecting Setup Options................................................................................................ 5-1

Adjusting the Temperature Offset.................................................................................. 5-4

Selecting Display Resolution (3 1/2 or 4 1/2 Digits)...................................................... 5-6

Setting the Power Off Timeout....................................................................................... 5-6

Setting the 24-Hour Clock.............................................................................................. 5-7

Setting the Line (Main) Frequency................................................................................. 5-7

Returning to Factory Defaults........................................................................................ 5-8

Saving Setup Options.................................................................................................... 5-8

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

6 Maintenance ................................................................................................................. 6-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................6-1

General Maintenance..................................................................................................... 6-1

Testing the Fuses........................................................................................................... 6-1

Replacing the Batteries.................................................................................................. 6-3

Replacing the Fuses ...................................................................................................... 6-5

User-Replaceable Parts................................................................................................. 6-5

In Case of Difficulty ........................................................................................................ 6-5

7 Specifications............................................................................................................... 7-1

Safety and Compliances ................................................................................................ 7-1

Physical Specifications................................................................................................... 7-2

Feature Summary........................................................................................................... 7-3

Basic Specifications ....................................................................................................... 7-4

Detailed Accuracy Specifications ................................................................................... 7-5

Frequency Counter Sensitivity ....................................................................................... 7-11

Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA)........................................................................................... 7-11

Input Characteristics....................................................................................................... 7-12

List of Tables

Table Title Page

1-1. Safety Information................................................................................................................. 1-2

1-2. International Electrical Symbols............................................................................................1-4

2-1. Rotary Switch Selections...................................................................................................... 2-6

2-2. Pushbuttons.......................................................................................................................... 2-8

2-3. Display Features................................................................................................................... 2-13

3-1. Current Measurement........................................................................................................... 3-16

4-1. View Display ......................................................................................................................... 4-4

5-1. Function Specific Setup Selections....................................................................................... 5-2

5-2. Common Setup Selections ................................................................................................... 5-3

6-1. User-Replaceable Parts........................................................................................................ 6-6

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

vii

List of Figures

Figure Title Page

2-1. AC Volts Display ................................................................................................................... 2-2

2-2. Rotary Switch........................................................................................................................ 2-4

2-3. Pushbuttons.......................................................................................................................... 2-5

2-4. Display Features................................................................................................................... 2-12

2-5. Input Terminals..................................................................................................................... 2-17

2-6. Display Hold and AutoHOLD ................................................................................................ 2-18

2-7. Min Max Avg ......................................................................................................................... 2-21

2-8. Relative Mode....................................................................................................................... 2-22

3-1. AC Voltage Measurement..................................................................................................... 3-2

3-2. dBm Display.......................................................................................................................... 3-3

3-3. AC and DC Display............................................................................................................... 3-5

3-4. DC Voltage Measurement..................................................................................................... 3-6

3-5. Resistance Measurement ..................................................................................................... 3-7

3-6. Continuity Test...................................................................................................................... 3-10

3-7. Conductance Measurement.................................................................................................. 3-11

3-8. Capacitance Measurement................................................................................................... 3-13

3-9. Diode Test ............................................................................................................................ 3-14

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

viii

3-10. Temperature Measurement................................................................................................... 3-15

3-11. AC Current Measurement...................................................................................................... 3-19

3-12. DC Current Measurement .....................................................................................................3-21

3-13. Functions Allowing Frequency Measurement........................................................................ 3-22

3-14. Hz Display ............................................................................................................................. 3-23

3-15. Duty Cycle Measurements ....................................................................................................3-24

3-16. Duty Cycle Display ................................................................................................................ 3-25

3-17. Pulse Width Measurements...................................................................................................3-26

3-18. Pulse Width Display .............................................................................................................. 3-27

4-1. View Display.......................................................................................................................... 4-4

5-1. Adjusting Temperature Offset ............................................................................................... 5-5

6-1. Testing the Current Fuses..................................................................................................... 6-2

6-2. Battery and Fuse Replacement............................................................................................. 6-4

1-1

Chapter 1

Before You Start

Safety Information

The Fluke Model 187 and Model 189 True RMS

Multimeters (hereafter referred to as the “meter”) comply

with:

• EN61010.1:1993

• ANSI/ISA S82.01-1994

• CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92

• 1000V Overvoltage Category III, Pollution Degree 2

• 600V Overvoltage Category IV, Pollution Degree 2

• UL 3111-1

Use the meter only as specified in this manual. Otherwise,

the protection provided by the meter may be impaired.

Refer to safety information in Table 1-1.

A Warning identifies conditions and actions that pose

hazards to the user. A Caution identifies conditions and

actions that may damage the meter or the equipment

under test.

Contacting Fluke

To order accessories, receive assistance, or locate the

nearest Fluke distributor or Service Center, call:

USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)

Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)

Europe: +31 402-678-200

Japan: +81-3-3434-0181

Singapore: +65-738-5655

Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500

Address correspondence to:

Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B.V.

P.O. Box 9090, P.O. Box 1186,

Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD Eindhoven

USA The Netherlands

Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.fluke.com

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

1-2

Table 1-1. Safety Information

WWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines:

• Do not use the meter if it is damaged. Before you use the meter, inspect the case. Look for cracks or

missing plastic. Pay particular attention to the insulation surrounding the connectors.

• Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or exposed metal. Check the test leads for continuity.

Replace damaged test leads before you use the meter.

• If this product is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the

equipment may be impaired.

• Do not use the meter if it operates abnormally. Protection may be impaired. When in doubt, have the

meter serviced.

• Do not operate the meter around explosive gas, vapor, or dust.

• Do not apply more than the rated voltage, as marked on the meter, between terminals or between any

terminal and earth ground.

• Before use, verify the meter’s operation by measuring a known voltage.

• When measuring current, turn off circuit power before connecting the meter in the circuit. Remember

to place the meter in series with the circuit.

• When servicing the meter, use only specified replacement parts.

• Use caution when working above 30 V ac rms, 42 V peak, or 60 V dc. Such voltages pose a shock

hazard.

• Avoid working alone.

Before You Start

Safety Information 1

1-3

Table 1-1. Safety Information (cont.)

WWarning

• When using the probes, keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probes.

• Connect the common test lead before you connect the live test lead. When you disconnect test leads,

disconnect the live test lead first.

• Remove test leads from the meter before you open the battery door.

• Do not operate the meter with the battery door or portions of the cover removed or loosened.

• To avoid false readings, which could lead to possible electric shock or personal injury, replace the

batteries as soon as the low battery indicator (M) appears.

• Use only type AA batteries, properly installed in the meter case, to power the meter.

• To avoid the potential for fire or electrical shock, do not connect the thermocouples to electrically live

circuits.

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to the equipment under test, follow these guidelines:

• Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before testing resistance,

continuity, diodes, or capacitance.

• Use the proper terminals, function, and range for your measurements.

• Before measuring current, check the meter’s fuses and turn power OFF to the circuit before

connecting the meter to the circuit.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

1-4

Symbols

Symbols used on the meter and in this manual are

explained in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2. International Electrical Symbols

AC (Alternating Current) Earth ground

DC (Direct Current) Fuse

AC and DC Double insulated

Battery Important information

Complies with relevant Canadian

Standards Association directives

Complies with European Union directives

Inspected and licensed by TÜV Product

Services.

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

2-1

Chapter 2

Getting Acquainted

Introduction

Although this manual describes the operation of both

Models 187 and 189, all illustrations and examples

assume use of Model 189. Additional capabilities with

Model 189 are discussed in Chapter 4. These capabilities

include the following:

• An enhanced memory function that features an

additional position (VIEW MEM) on the rotary switch.

• Logging

• Save

• Memory

Turning the Meter On

To turn the meter on, turn the rotary switch from OFF to

any switch setting.

The ac volts function (shown in Figure 2-1) is assumed in

the following discussion. You do not need connections to

the input terminals at this time.

If you want a view of the full display (all segments

illuminated), press and hold Q while turning the meter

on. Release the button when you are done viewing the full

display.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-2

tc031f.eps

Figure 2-1. AC Volts Display

Battery Considerations

The meter uses four AA alkaline batteries. The following

paragraphs describe several techniques used to conserve

battery power.

Automatic Power Off

The display blanks and the meter goes into a “sleep”

mode if you have not changed the rotary switch position or

pressed a button for a set period. While in Sleep mode,

pressing any button turns the meter on. The meter then

returns to the display for the function selected with the

rotary switch; all previously activated button features

(HOLD, Hz, etc.) are discarded.

The automatic power off is preset to 15 minutes. From the

Setup menu (see Chapter 5), you can specify a maximum

period of 23 hours, 59 minutes. If you set the period to 0,

the meter remains on until you turn the rotary switch to

OFF or the batteries become too weak.

Automatic power off does not occur if the meter is in MIN

MAX, FAST MN MX, AutoHOLD, or LOGGING

(Model 189) mode.

Getting Acquainted

Battery Considerations 2

2-3

Automatic Backlight Off

Press T to select the backlight level (low, high, or off.) In

low or high, the backlight turns off automatically after a

given period. This period is also preset to 15 minutes and

can be set to a maximum of 99 minutes from the setup

menu. If the period is set to 0, the backlight is on

indefinitely and can only be turned off by pressing T or

turning the meter off.

Note

See Chapter 5 for power off and backlight off

setup information.

Low Battery Indication

A constant battery icon ( B) in the upper left corner of

the display notifies you that the batteries are low and

should be replaced.

WWarning

To avoid false readings, which could lead to

possible electric shock or personal injury,

replace the batteries as soon as the battery

icon ( B) appears.

A flashing battery icon means that battery failure is

imminent. The backlight cannot be used in this condition.

MIN MAX and FAST MN MX features turn off. For Model

189, logging and communications also cease.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-4

Rotary Switch

Turn the meter on by selecting any measurement function

(identified with white letters around the rotary switch). The

meter presents a standard display for that function (range,

measurement units, modifiers, etc.) The display may also

be influenced by some of the choices made in Setup.

Use the blue button to select any rotary switch alternate

function (labeled in blue letters). You can also use other

buttons to choose modifiers for the selected function.

When you turn the rotary switch from one function to

another, a display for the new function appears. Button

choices made in one function do not carry over into

another function.

With Model 189, a VIEW MEM switch position is available;

refer to Chapter 4 for more information.

The rotary switch is shown in Figure 2-2. Each position is

described in Table 2-1.

ac+dc

CLEAR MEM

OFF

VIEW MEM

tc012f.eps

Figure 2-2. Rotary Switch

Getting Acquainted

Pushbuttons 2

2-5

Pushbuttons

The buttons activate features that augment the function

selected with the rotary switch. The buttons are shown in

Figure 2-3 and described in Table 2-2.

Use the blue button ( %) to access functions labeled in

blue for some of the rotary switch positions. Table 2-1

defines all blue button functions.

Use the yellow button ( O) followed by other buttons

to access additional features. These features appear in

yellow above the appropriate keys. Table 2-2 defines

yellow button features. This manual identifies the yellow

button feature in parentheses following the button

sequence . For example, activating the FAST MN MX

mode appears as O M (FAST MN MX).

MIN MAXHOLD REL

%ms

Hz RANGE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

%ms

Hz RANGE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

tc013f.eps

Figure 2-3. Pushbuttons

The following yellow button features are not available on

Model 187: (YES), (NO), (LOGGING), and (SAVE).

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-6

Table 2-1. Rotary Switch Selections

Position Rotary Switch Function % Blue Key Function

\AC voltage measurement from 0 V to 1000.0 V dB over AC, AC over dB

,AC millivolt measurement from 0 mV to 3000.0 mV dB over AC, AC over dB

$DC voltage measurement from 0 V to 1000.0 V AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary

display), DC over AC, ac+dc

mDC millivolt measurement from 0 mV to 3000.0 mV AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary

display), DC over AC, ac+dc

jResistance measurement from 0 Ω to 500.0 MΩContinuity test

Conductance measurement from 0 nS to 50.00 nS

zCapacitance measurement from 0.001 nF to 50 mF Diode test

wTemperature measurement Toggles between °C and °F.

Getting Acquainted

Pushbuttons 2

2-7

Table 2-1. Rotary Switch Positions (cont.)

Position Rotary Switch Function % Blue Key Function

IAC current measurements from 0 mA to 20.000 A none

=AC current measurements from 0 µA to 5000.0 µA none

KDC current measurements from 0 mA to 20.000 A AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary

display), DC over AC, ac+dc

xDC current measurements from 0 µA to 5000.0 µA AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary

display), DC over AC, ac+dc

VIEW

MEM

(Model 189 only.) Access data held in the meter’s

memory. See Chapter 4 for more information.

CLEAR MEM. See Chapter 4 for more information.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-8

Table 2-2. Pushbuttons

Button Description

Yellow Button

Function Description

Note

Press O to access “Yellow Button Functions.” The O box and the 24-hour clock appear in the lower corners

of the display and the primary display freezes, allowing time to press a second button.

lPress to turn backlight on or off. Also, in Setup, use

the arrow function (l) to select the previous digit or

item in a list.

SETUP

O TPress to access Setup selections.

Press to store a Setup selection and

proceed to the next selection.

QPress to freeze the displayed value. Press again to

release the display.

AutoHOLD

O QPress to begin AutoHOLD; the last

stable reading is displayed.

MPress to start retaining min, max, and average values.

Press successively to display max, min, and average

values. Press O N (CANCEL) to stop.

FAST MN MX

O MPress to start FAST MN MX mode,

where min and max values for short

duration events are stored.

DPress to store the present reading as an offset

reference; subsequent readings show only the relative

difference from this value. Press again to show the

difference as a percentage of the reference.

LOGGING

O DPress to start and stop Logging

(Model 189). Press O + N

(CANCEL) to stop.

Getting Acquainted

Pushbuttons 2

2-9

Table 2-2. Pushbuttons (cont.)

Button Description

Yellow Button

Function Description

[

• In Setup, increment a digit .

• In counter functions, select positive pulse slope.

• In ohms continuity, select beep on open.

• In VIEW MEM, see Chapter 4 (Model 189).

(none)

]

• In Setup, decrement a digit .

• In counter functions, select negative pulse slope.

• In ohms continuity, select beep on short.

• In VIEW MEM, see Chapter 4 (Model 189).

(none)

RExit AUTO and enter MANUAL ranging. In MANUAL,

select next input range. Press O N

(CANCEL) to return to AUTO.

SAVE

O RPress to save present reading

(Model 189)

NSuccessively press for frequency, duty cycle, and

pulse width.

CANCEL

O NCANCEL any % (blue key) function

and all other button features.

sThe blue button. Press to access blue functions on

the rotary switch. In Setup, use arrow function ( s) to

select the next digit or item in a list.

(none)

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-10

Selecting the Range

Press R to select either a fixed range or the

autorange feature.

Note

You cannot use R in conductance, diode

test, and temperature functions or with the REL,

MIN MAX, and FAST MN MX features. These

selections all use a specific fixed range.

Autoranging (AUTO lighted in the display) always comes

on initially when you select a new function. In autorange,

the meter selects the lowest input range possible,

ensuring that the reading appears with the highest

available precision (resolution).

If AUTO is already on, press R to enter MANUAL

ranging in the present range. You can then select the next

manual range each time you press R. Return to

autoranging by pressing O N (CANCEL).

Understanding the Display

Display features are shown in Figure 2-4 and described in

Table 2-3. Major display features are described in the

following paragraphs.

Note

You can show all display segments (as shown in

Figure 2-4) by pressing Q while turning the

meter on. Release Q to turn off the full

display.

Primary Display

The primary display usually shows the present reading for

the rotary switch function. For most of these functions, the

primary display can be set to show 4 or 5 digits. See

Chapter 5 for more information about display digits.

Other uses for this display are:

• AutoHOLD: most recent held reading.

• MIN MAX: maximum, minimum, or average value.

Getting Acquainted

Understanding the Display 2

2-11

• dB (in ac volts functions): the dBm or dBV value.

• REL: the difference between the present reading and

a stored reference reading.

• Setup: various messages (see Chapter 5).

• Overload conditions: OL displayed.

• Error conditions.

Secondary Display

The secondary display often shows the present reading

when the primary display shows some other feature (MIN

MAX, REL ∆, etc.)

When multiple features are active, the secondary display

shows one of the values. For example, Hz could appear in

the secondary display while dB appears in the primary

display.

Bar Graph

The bar graph provides an analog indication of the

measured input. For most measurement functions, the bar

graph updates 40 times per second. Since this response

is much faster than the digital display, the bar graph is

useful for making peak and null adjustments and for

observing rapidly changing inputs. The bar graph is not

available in temperature, capacitance, ac over dc, dc over

ac, and ac+dc functions.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-12

16 1517

117

tc011f.eps

Figure 2-4. Display Features

Getting Acquainted

Understanding the Display 2

2-13

Table 2-3. Display Features

Number Feature Description

~Continuity test function is selected.



Bar Graph.

In normal operation 0 (zero) is on the left. In Relative %, 0 is in the center, negative

values are to the left and positive to the right.

The polarity indicator left of the bar graph shows the polarity of the input. Both polarity

indicators appear in REL% mode.

The arrow right of the bar graph indicates an overload condition.

Both arrows appear (without bar graph) when you can use T (l) and % (s) to select

settings in the setup mode.

pPercent difference in Relative mode is being displayed in the primary display. The

reference value is shown in the secondary display

eRelative (REL ∆) mode is active. The primary display has been modified by the

reference value shown in the secondary display.

-Indicates negative readings. In Relative mode, this sign indicates that the present input

is less than the stored reference.

Z>30 V ac and/or dc may be present at the input terminals.

BLow battery. If flashing, battery failure is imminent, and logging and backlight are

disabled.

WWarning

To avoid false readings, which could lead to possible electric shock or personal

injury, replace the battery as soon as the low battery indicator appears.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-14

Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)

Number Feature Description

FAST

MIN

MAX

AVG

FAST MN MX mode is enabled. ( O M)

Minimum reading displayed.

Maximum reading displayed.

Average reading displayed.

;Readings are being recorded in memory (Model 189 only.) ( O + D)

gThe meter is in Hold mode. ( Q)

gS AutoHOLD is active. ( O + Q)

8.8.8.8.8 Primary Display (4-1/2 digit)

0L Overload input.

Measurement Units

V, mV V: Volts. The unit of voltage.

mV: Millivolt. 1 x 10-3 or 0.001 volts.

dBm, dBV For ac volts functions, reading is shown in decibels of power above or below 1 mW

(dBm) or decibels of voltage above or below 1 V (dBV).

Getting Acquainted

Understanding the Display 2

2-15

Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)

Number Feature Description

AC+DC For dc volts and dc amps functions, reading represents the rms total of ac and dc

measurements.

e, ke Me,Ω: Ohm. The unit of resistance.

kΩ: Kilohm. 1 x 103 or 1000 ohms.

MΩ: Megohm. 1 x 106 or 1,000,000 ohms.

nS S: Siemens. The unit of conductance.

nS: Nanosiemens. 1 x 10-9 or 0.000000001 Siemens.

nF, µF, mF F: Farad. The unit of capacitance.

nF: Nanofarad. 1 x 10-9 or 0.000000001 farads.

µF: Microfarad. 1 x 10-6 or 0.000001 farads.

mF: Millifarad. 1 X 10 -3or 0.001 farads.

°C ,°FDegrees Celsius (default) or Fahrenheit.

A, mA, µAA: Amperes (amps). The unit of current.

mA: Milliamp. 1 x 10-3 or 0.001 amperes.

µA: Microamp. 1 x 10-6 or 0.000001 amperes.

Hz, kHz, MHz Hz: Hertz. The unit of frequency.

kHz: Kilohertz. 1 x 103 or 1000 hertz.

MHz: Megahertz. 1 x 106 or 1,000,000 hertz.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-16

Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)

Number Feature Description

51000

AUTO MANUAL Range. Digits display range in use.



fMS88:88

Time Display. Used with HOLD, AutoHOLD, MIN MAX, FAST MN MX (SAVE, and

LOGGING Model 189).

Elapsed Time Display (f on): shown in minutes:seconds to maximum of 59:59 - used if

time since Min, Max, or Logging started is less than 60 minutes. Always used for Min,

Max, Avg. Displays hours:minutes after 1 hour.

HM88:88 24-hour Display (f off): shown in hours:minutes to maximum of 23:59. For setting the

24-hour clock, refer to Chapter 5.

8.8.8.8 Secondary Display

MEM

q1888

Memory Index Display (Model 189). Also used for dBm reference resistance.

q appears when you can use [ and ] to increment or decrement

settings.

Getting Acquainted

Using the Input Terminals 2

2-17

Using the Input Terminals

All functions except current use the *and

COM inputs. Current functions use the inputs shown

below:

• I or K function: Use A and COM inputs from 400

mA to 20 A. Use mA/µA and COM for inputs ≤ 400

mA.

• = or x function: Use mA/µA and COM for inputs ≤

5000.0 µA.

If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but

the rotary switch is not correctly set to one of the current

measuring positions, the Input Alert™ beeper warns you

by making a chirping sound and the primary display shows

"LEAd5". This warning is intended to stop you from

attempting to measure voltage, continuity, resistance,

capacitance, or diode values when the leads are plugged

into a current terminal.

Figure 2-5 shows the input terminals.

AmA COM V

tc014f.eps

Figure 2-5. Input Terminals

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-18

Using Display Hold

Press Q to enter the Display Hold mode and freeze

the present reading and its time stamp. New readings now

appear in the secondary display. See Figure 2-6. To exit

Display Hold mode, press Q again.

Note

The bar graph and secondary display may show

different units in Capacitance and Ohms due to

Autoranging.

In the MIN MAX mode, Display Hold functions like a

toggle, interrupting and resuming the MIN MAX

operations.

With Model 189, you cannot use Display Hold while

logging data. Model 189 allows you to save the frozen

reading to memory by pressing O R (SAVE).

AutoHOLD

tc040f.eps

Figure 2-6. Display Hold and AutoHOLD

Getting Acquainted

Using AutoHOLD 2

2-19

Using AutoHOLD

WWarning

AutoHOLD mode does not capture unstable

or noisy readings. Do not use AutoHOLD

mode to determine that circuits are without

power.

To enter AutoHOLD, press OQ(AutoHOLD).

AutoHOLD mode freezes the present reading and its time

stamp. New readings now appear in the secondary

display. See Figure 2-6. When the meter detects a new,

stable reading (>4% change from last stable reading), it

beeps and displays the new reading in the primary

display. You can also force a primary display update by

pressing Q.

If you remove the test leads (open the input), the meter

retains the last frozen primary display.

You cannot use AutoHOLD when MIN MAX is active. With

Model 189, you cannot initiate AutoHOLD while logging

data, but you can initiate logging when AutoHOLD is

active.

To exit AutoHOLD mode, press O Q (AutoHOLD)

again.

Using MIN MAX

The MIN MAX mode stores minimum (MIN) and maximum

(MAX) input values. When the input goes below the stored

minimum value or above the stored maximum value, the

meter beeps and stores the new value. MIN MAX mode

also calculates an average (AVG) of all readings taken

since the mode was activated.

Press M to enter the MIN MAX mode. The maximum

(MAX) reading is displayed first.

Each subsequent press of M steps through the

minimum (MIN), average (AVG), and back to the

maximum reading.

In the MIN MAX mode, the secondary display continues to

show the present measurement value.

The time elapsed since the MIN MAX mode was entered

is shown in the bottom right corner of each type of display.

See Figure 2-7.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-20

To exit MIN MAX mode, press O N (CANCEL) or

turn the rotary switch to a different position. Also, MIN

MAX mode turns off automatically when a flashing B

(low battery condition) occurs.

Note

Minimum, maximum, and average values stored

in the MIN MAX mode are lost when the meter is

turned off.

The MIN MAX mode can be used to capture intermittent

readings, store maximum readings while you are away, or

store readings while you are operating the equipment

under test and cannot watch the meter. The average

reading is useful for smoothing out unstable inputs,

calculating power consumption, or estimating the percent

of time a circuit is active.

The MIN MAX mode is appropriate for storing signal

events that last 50 ms or longer in most measurement

functions. Signal events must be 500 ms or longer in the

following functions: continuity, conductance, capacitance,

temperature, Hz, duty cycle, and pulse width.

Getting Acquainted

Using FAST MN MX 2

2-21

Using FAST MN MX

FAST MN MX can capture transient signal events as short

as 250 µs, but with decreased accuracy; only 3-1/2 display

digits are allowed.

Activate FAST MN MX by pressing O M. As with

regular MIN MAX, you can then press M to cycle

through maximum, minimum, and average primary

displays. The meter beeps for any new minimum or

maximum value. Exit FAST MN MX by pressing

ON (CANCEL) or by turning the rotary switch.

A low battery condition (flashing B) disables FAST MN

MX.

In ac measurement functions, MAX and MIN values are

peak values, AVG is the rms value. This provides the

necessary information in one display for calculation of

Crest Factor (peak/rms).

Due to longer required response times, you cannot use

FAST MN MX in the following functions: ohms, diode test,

conductance, continuity, capacitance, temperature, ac

over dc, ac+dc, Hz, duty cycle, and pulse width.

tc033f.eps

Figure 2-7. Min Max Avg

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

2-22

Using HOLD with MIN MAX or FAST MN MX

You can enable the HOLD mode when in the MIN MAX

mode is by pressing Q.

No further minimum, maximum, or average updates occur

while the HOLD mode is enabled.

Exit HOLD mode by pressing Q a second time.

Using Relative Mode (REL)

Selecting Relative mode (D) causes the meter to zero

the display and store the present reading as a reference

for subsequent measurements.

• Press D once to select the Relative Mode. (The

meter enters manual range when you enter the

Relative Mode.)

The reference appears in the secondary display. The

difference between the reference and a new

measurement appears in the primary display. See

Figure 2-8.

• Press D a second time to enter the REL% mode

and display the difference as ± 10 % of the reference

reading.

In REL%, e% appears on the display.

• Press D a third time to exit the Relative Mode.

tc039f.eps

Figure 2-8. Relative Mode

3-1

Chapter 3

Making Measurements

Introduction

Chapter 3 explains how to make measurements. Most

measurement functions can be selected by using the

rotary switch.

White letters or symbols identify primary functions; blue

letters or symbols identify alternative functions. Press the

blue button to access these alternate functions.

Frequency-related functions can be selected (Hz, duty

cycle, and pulse width) when the rotary switch is in any

volts or amps position.

Measuring Voltage

Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between

two points. The polarity of ac (alternating current) voltage

varies over time, while the polarity of dc (direct current)

voltage is constant over time.

Ranges available in volts functions are:

• \ $

5.0000 V, 50.000 V, 500.00 V, 1000.0 V

• ,m

50.000 mV, 500.00 mV, and 5000.0 mV

Readings in the 5000.0 mV range overload (0L) near

3000 mV ac or dc. The 5000.0 mV range overlaps the

5.0000 V range to provide direct reading display for

Fluke accessories that have a millivolt output with limits

scaled by 1000. For example, the Fluke 80i-1000

Current Clamp provides 1 mV ac per amp measured up

to 1000 amps.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-2

When measuring voltage, the meter acts like a 10 MΩ

(10,000,000 Ω) impedance in parallel with the circuit. This

loading effect can cause measurement errors in high-

impedance circuits. In most cases, the error is negligible

(0.1% or less) if the circuit impedance is 10 kΩ (10,000 Ω)

or less.

Measuring AC Voltage

The meter presents ac voltage values as rms (root mean

square) readings. The rms value is the equivalent dc

voltage that would produce the same amount of heat in a

resistance as the measured voltage. Your meter features

true rms readings, which are accurate for sinewaves and

other wave forms (with no dc offset) such as square

waves, triangle waves, and staircase waves. For ac with

dc offset, use $.

Set up the meter to measure ac volts as shown in

Figure 3-1.

All pushbutton features are available in this function. The

blue button ( %) accesses decibel dBm or dBV)

measurements, discussed next in this chapter.

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

Switch

Box

dB V

ach001f.eps

Figure 3-1. AC Voltage Measurement

Making Measurements

Measuring Voltage 3

3-3

dB Measurements in AC Volts Functions

The two ac volts functions allow you to display readings as

deviations in dB (decibels) above or below an established

level.

Set up dB measurements with the following procedure:

1. Make an ac volts measurement to be used as a

reference point.

2. Press % to select dB. The dBm (or dBV) value

appears in the primary display and the ac volts

reading appears in the secondary display. A typical

dB display appears in Figure 3-2.

3. Press % again to switch the ac volts and dB

readings. Press % a third time to turn dB off.

tc032f.eps

Figure 3-2. dBm Display

Normally, dB is measured as dBm, which is a measure of

decibels relative to 1 milliwatt. The meter assumes a

resistance of 600 Ω in making this calculation. This

resistance can be set for any value from 1 to 1999 Ω,

using the meter’s setup capabilities (see Chapter 5.)

When set to other than 600 Ω the dBm reference

resistance appears in the Index Display. (See Figure 2-4,

item 17.)

Note

If dBm is displayed, check that the reference

resistance value closely matches the impedance

of the system being measured.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-4

dB is calculated with the following formula:













=Vr

dB 10

log*20

• For dBm, Vr is the voltage across the reference

resistance at 1 mW. For example, Vr would be

0.7746 V with a 600 Ω reference resistance.

• For dBV, the reference voltage (Vr) is 1 V.

Measuring DC Voltage

Set up the meter for dc voltage measurement as shown in

Figure 3-4. All pushbutton features are available for a

standard dc volts reading.

Both AC and DC Voltage Measurements

When a dc volts function is selected, the meter can

display ac and dc components of a signal separately or

the combined ac + dc (rms) value.

To select separate ac and dc signal components:

• Press % once to display ac voltage in the primary

display and dc voltage in the secondary display (ac

over dc).

• Press % a second time to reverse the displays (dc

over ac).

• Press % a third time to display the ac + dc rms value

in the primary display. (FAST MN MX is unavailable in

this state.)

• Press % a fourth time to return to the normal dc volts

display.

Figure 3-3 shows some typical displays.

Making Measurements

Measuring Voltage 3

3-5

AC over DC DC over AC AC + DC

tc024f.eps

Figure 3-3. AC and DC Display

When the meter shows ac over dc or dc over ac, the

following other pushbutton functions are not available:

• AutoHOLD ( O Q)

• MIN MAX ( M)

• FAST MN MX ( O M)

• Hz ( N)

• Relative ( D)

• LOGGING (O D)

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-6

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

ac+dc

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach002f.eps

Figure 3-4. DC Voltage Measurement

Measuring Resistance

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to

the equipment under test, disconnect circuit

power and discharge all high-voltage

capacitors before measuring resistance.

Resistance is an opposition to current flow. The unit of

resistance is the ohm (Ω). The meter measures resistance

by sending a small current through the circuit.

The meter’s resistance ranges are 500.00 Ω, 5.0000 kΩ,

50.000 kΩ, 500.00 kΩ, 5.0000 MΩ, 30.000 MΩ, and

500.0 MΩ.

To measure resistance, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-5.

All pushbutton functions are available with resistance

measurements. The blue key cycles to continuity and

conductance measurement, which are described later in

this chapter.

Note

In the Ohms Mode, a negative sign (-) on the

display indicates the presence of voltage. This

will cause reading errors.

Making Measurements

Measuring Resistance 3

3-7

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

nSnS

Circuit Power

OFF

In-Circuit Resistance Measurements

Disconnect

Isolating a Potentiometer

132

Disconnect

Isolating a Resistor

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach004f.eps

Figure 3-5. Resistance Measurement

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-8

Keep the following in mind when measuring resistance:

• Because the meter’s test current flows through all

possible paths between the probe tips, the measured

value of a resistor in a circuit is often different from

the resistor’s rated value.

• The test leads can add 0.1 Ω to 0.2 Ω of error to

resistance measurements. To test the leads, touch

the probe tips together and read the resistance of the

leads. If necessary, you can press D to

automatically subtract this value.

The resistance function can produce enough voltage to

forward-bias silicon diode or transistor junctions, causing

them to conduct. To avoid this, do not use the 30 MΩ or

500 MΩ ranges for in-circuit resistance measurements.

Testing for Continuity

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to

the equipment under test, disconnect circuit

power and discharge all high-voltage

capacitors before testing for continuity.

Continuity is the presence of a complete path for current

flow. The continuity test features a beeper that sounds if a

circuit is complete. The beeper allows you to perform

quick continuity tests without having to watch the display.

The continuity function detects intermittent opens and

shorts lasting as little as 1 millisecond (0.001 second).

These brief contacts cause the meter to emit a short beep.

To select continuity, turn the rotary switch to resistance

position, then press the blue button once. The continuity

symbol (~) appears in the display. Continuity uses

manual ranging only; autoranging is not available. Refer to

Figure 3-6 for continuity testing setup instructions.

Making Measurements

Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests 3

3-9

Continuity testing provides you with both a visual

indication of the state encountered (usually near 0

resistance for a short or OL for an open) and an audible

beep when the input is low.

In continuity, a short means a measured value less than

5% of full scale. You can raise this threshold by manually

selecting a higher range.

You can select whether the beeper comes on for open or

short conditions, as follows:

• Press [ to enable the beeper for opens.

• Press ] to enable the beeper for shorts.

The Hz ( N) and FAST MN MX ( O M)

functions are not available when continuity is selected. All

other pushbutton functions are available. The blue key

cycles among resistance, continuity, and conductance.

Using Conductance for High Resistance

Tests

Conductance, the inverse of resistance, is the ability of a

circuit to pass current. High values of conductance

correspond to low values of resistance.

The unit of conductance is the Siemens (S). The meter’s

50 nS range measures conductance in nanosiemens

(1 nS = 0.000000001 Siemens). Because such small

amounts of conductance correspond to extremely high

resistance, the nS range lets you determine the resistance

of components up to 100,000 MΩ, or 100,000,000,000 Ω

(1 nS = 1,000 MΩ).

To measure conductance, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-7; then press the blue key until the nS indicator

appears on the display.

With conductance measurements, the following

pushbutton operations cannot be used:

• Frequency ( N)

• FAST MN MX ( O M)

• Manual ranging ( R)

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-10

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

(closed)

For in-circuit tests, turn circuit power off.

OFF

(open)

(closed)

OFF

(open)

Press

for beep

on short

Press

for beep

on open

Press to

select “ .”

nSnS

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach003f.eps

Figure 3-6. Continuity Test

Making Measurements

Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests 3

3-11

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

Press twice to

select nS.

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach023f.eps

Figure 3-7. Conductance Measurement

The following are some tips for measuring conductance:

• High-resistance readings are susceptible to electrical

noise. Use averaging to smooth out most noisy

readings; press M until AVG appears in the

display.

• There is normally a residual conductance reading with

the test leads open. To ensure accurate readings,

press D with the test leads open to subtract the

residual value.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-12

Measuring Capacitance

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to

the equipment under test, disconnect circuit

power and discharge all high-voltage

capacitors before measuring capacitance.

Use the dc voltage function to confirm that

the capacitor is discharged.

Capacitance is the ability of a component to store an

electrical charge. The unit of capacitance is the farad (F).

Most capacitors are in the nanofarad (nF) to microfarad

(µF) range.

The meter measures capacitance by charging the

capacitor with a known current for a known period of time,

measuring the resulting voltage, then calculating the

capacitance. Capacitors larger than 100 µF take several

seconds to charge. The capacitor charge can be up to

3 V.

The meter’s capacitance ranges are 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF,

1 µF, 10 µF, 100 µF, 1 mF, 10 mF, and 50 mF.

To measure capacitance, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-8. The blue key toggles the selection between

capacitance and diode test.

While measuring capacitance, the following pushbutton

functions are not available:

• Frequency ( N)

• FAST MN MX ( O M)

The following are some tips for measuring capacitance:

• To speed up measurements of similar values, press

R to manually select the proper range.

• To improve the measurement accuracy of small value

capacitors, press D with the test leads open to

subtract the residual capacitance of the meter and

leads.

Making Measurements

Testing Diodes 3

3-13

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach005f.eps

Figure 3-8. Capacitance Measurement

Testing Diodes

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to

the equipment under test, disconnect circuit

power and discharge all high-voltage

capacitors before testing diodes.

Use the diode test to check diodes, transistors, silicon

controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and other semiconductor

devices. The test sends a current through a

semiconductor junction, then measures the junction’s

voltage drop. A typical junction drops 0.5 V to 0.8 V. In

diode test, the beeper is active. It beeps briefly for a

normal junction and is on continuously if a short is

detected.

To test a diode out of a circuit, set up the meter as shown

in Figure 3-9.

In a circuit, a similar diode should still indicate a forward-

bias reading of 0.5 V to 0.8 V; however, the reverse-bias

reading can vary depending on the resistance of other

pathways between the probe tips.

The blue key toggles between diode test and capacitance.

Since diode test uses a fixed range, R cannot be

used.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-14

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

Typical

Reading

Press for

Diode Test +

Forward Bias Reverse Bias

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189 LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach006f.eps

Figure 3-9. Diode Test

Making Measurements

Measuring Temperature 3

3-15

Measuring Temperature

To measure temperature, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-10. The meter begins temperature measurement

in the degree units last used (Celsius °C or Fahrenheit °F).

Once you have selected the temperature function, you can

change units by pressing the blue button. The meter

remembers the units selected until they are changed.

The primary display shows either the temperature or the

message ‘0PEn’ (for an open thermocouple condition).

Shorting the input will display the temperature at the meter

terminals.

The secondary display shows any non-zero temperature

offset. This offset is established as a calibrating value

during setup. Refer to Chapter 5 for additional information.

The following pushbuttons cannot be used when taking

temperature measurements:

• Frequency ( N)

• FAST MN MX ( O M)

• Ranging ( R)

WWarning

To avoid the potential for fire or electrical

shock, do not connect the thermocouples to

electrically live circuits.

MIN MAXHOLD REL

%ms

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

%ms

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

80PK-1 Type K

Thermocouple

Probe

Vent

Pipe

80AK

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach010f.eps

Figure 3-10. Temperature Measurement

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-16

Measuring Current

WWarning

Never attempt an in-circuit current

measurement where the open-circuit potential

to earth is greater than 1000 V. You may

damage the meter or be injured if the fuse

blows during such a measurement.

Caution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to

the equipment under test, check the meter’s

fuses before measuring current. Use the

proper terminals, function, and range for your

measurement. Never place the probes across

(in parallel with) any circuit or component

when the leads are plugged into the current

terminals.

Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. To

measure current, you must open the circuit under test,

then place the meter in series with the circuit.

To measure ac or dc current, proceed as follows:

1. Turn off power to the circuit. Discharge all high-

voltage capacitors.

2. Insert the black lead into the COM terminal. Insert the

red lead in an input appropriate for the measurement

range as shown in Table 3-1.

Note

To avoid blowing the meter’s 440 mA fuse, use

the mA/

A terminal only if you are sure the

current is less than 400 mA.

Table 3-1. Current Measurement

Rotary Switch Input Ranges

I or K! 5.0000 A

10.000 A (reading flashes at

10 A, overloads (0L) at 20 A)

#50.000 mA

500.00 mA

= or x#500.00 µA

5000.0 µA

Making Measurements

Measuring Current 3

3-17

3. If you are using the A terminal, set the rotary switch to

mA/A. If you are using the mA/µA terminal, set the

rotary switch to µA for currents below 5000 µA

(5 mA), or mA/A for currents above 5000 µA.

4. Open the circuit path to be tested. Touch the red

probe to the more positive side of the break; touch

the black probe to the more negative side of the

break. Reversing the leads will produce a negative

reading, but will not damage the meter.

5. Turn on power to the circuit; then read the display. Be

sure to note the unit given at the right side of the

display (µA, mA, or A).

6. Turn off power to the circuit and discharge all high-

voltage capacitors. Remove the meter and restore the

circuit to normal operation.

Input Alert™ Feature

If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but

the rotary switch is not correctly set to one of the current

measuring positions, the beeper warns you by making a

chirping sound and the display shows "LEAd5".

This Input Alert warning is intended to stop you from

attempting to measure voltage, continuity, resistance,

capacitance, or diode values when the leads are plugged

into a current terminal.

Placing the probes across (in parallel with) a powered

circuit when a lead is plugged into a current terminal can

damage the circuit you are testing and blow the meter’s

fuse. This can happen because the resistance through the

meter’s current terminals is very low, so the meter acts like

a short circuit.

Note

The beeper may sound in the presence of high

electical noise, such as that found near Pulse

Width Modulation (PWM) motor drives.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-18

The following are some tips for measuring current:

• If the display shows LEAd5 and you are sure the

meter is set up correctly, test the meter’s fuses as

described under "Testing the Fuses" in Chapter 6.

• A current meter drops a small voltage across itself,

which might affect circuit operation. You can calculate

this burden voltage using the values listed in Chapter

7 under Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA).

Measuring AC Current

To measure ac current, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-11.

The blue pushbutton cannot be used with ac current

measurement. All other pushbutton features can be used.

Making Measurements

Measuring Current 3

3-19

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

AmA

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach008f.eps

Figure 3-11. AC Current Measurement

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-20

Measuring DC Current

To measure dc current, set up the meter as shown in

Figure 3-12.

You can view separate dc and ac amps signal

components.

• Press % once to display ac current in the primary

display and dc current in the secondary display

(ac over dc).

• Press % a second time to reverse the displays (dc

over ac).

In either of these states, the following pushbutton

functions are not available:

Display hold ( Q).

AutoHOLD ( O Q)

MIN MAX ( M)

FAST MN MX ( O M)

Hz ( N)

Relative ( D)

LOGGING and SAVE (Model 189)

• Press % a third time to display the ac + dc rms value

in the primary display. (FAST MN MX is unavailable in

this state.)

• Press % a fourth time to return to the normal dc

display.

Making Measurements

Measuring Current 3

3-21

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

MIN MAXHOLD REL

Hz RANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmA COM V

TEMPERATURE

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVECANCEL

FAST MN MX

SETUP

YES

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

Circuit Power:

OFF to connect meter.

ON for measurement.

OFF to disconnect meter.

Current through one component

Total current to circuit

ac+dc

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach007f.eps

Figure 3-12. DC Current Measurement

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-22

Measuring Frequency

Frequency is the number of cycles a signal completes

each second. The meter measures the frequency of a

voltage or current signal by counting the number of times

the signal crosses a threshold level each second.

Figure 3-13 highlights the function selections that allow

frequency measurement.

To measure frequency, select an appropriate function,

connect the meter signal source, and press N.

The meter autoranges to one of four frequency ranges:

500.00 Hz, 5.0000 kHz, 50.000 kHz, and 999.99 kHz.

Figure 3-14 shows a typical frequency display.

ac+dc

CLEAR MEM

OFF

VIEW MEM

tc021f.eps

Figure 3-13. Functions Allowing Frequency

Measurement

Making Measurements

Measuring Duty Cycle 3

3-23

tc026f.eps

Figure 3-14. Hz Display

The meter beeps to indicate when a particular pushbutton

is not allowed when measuring frequency. The following

are some general rules.

• Relative ( D), Hold ( Q), and MIN MAX

( M)can be used.

• FAST MN MX ( O M) cannot be used.

The following are some tips for measuring frequency:

• If a reading shows as 0 Hz or is unstable, the input

signal may be below or near the trigger level. You can

usually correct these problems by selecting a lower

range, which increases the sensitivity of the meter.

• If a reading seems to be a multiple of what you

expect, the input signal may be distorted. Distortion

can cause multiple triggerings of the frequency

counter. Selecting a higher voltage range might solve

this problem by decreasing the sensitivity of the

meter. In general, the lowest frequency displayed is

the correct one.

Measuring Duty Cycle

Duty cycle (or duty factor) is the percentage of time a

signal is above or below a trigger level during one cycle

(Figure 3-15).

The duty cycle mode is optimized for measuring the on or

off time of logic and switching signals. Systems such as

electronic fuel injection systems and switching power

supplies are controlled by pulses of varying width, which

can be checked by measuring duty cycle.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-24

-Slope

Trigger Point

+Slope

Trigger Point

30% Above

Trigger

Point 100%

-Slope

Trigger Point +Slope

Trigger Point

70% Below

Trigger Point

100%

Measures Positive Pulse

Measures Negative Pulse

tc009f.eps

Figure 3-15. Duty Cycle Measurements

Making Measurements

Measuring Pulse Width 3

3-25

To measure duty cycle, set up the meter to measure

frequency; then press N a second time. You can

select the level the meter uses by pressing [ to

trigger on the positive slope or ] to trigger on the

negative slope. A typical duty cycle display is shown in

Figure 3-16.

tc027f.eps

Figure 3-16. Duty Cycle Display

For 5 V logic signals, use the 5 V dc range. For 12 V

switching signals in automobiles, use the 50 V dc range.

For sine waves, use the lowest ac or dc range that does

not result in multiple triggering. A manually-selected lower

input range will often measure better than the AUTO-

selected input range.

If a duty cycle reading is unstable, press M until the

AVG annunciator comes on and the average reading

appears in the secondary display.

Measuring Pulse Width

The pulse width function allows you to measure the

amount of time a signal is high or low within a given

period. See Figure 3-17. The measured waveform must

be periodic; its pattern must repeat at equal time intervals.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-26

+Slope

Trigger Point

Pulse

Width

Period =

Period

-Slope

Trigger Point

Pulse Width

Start and Stop on Positive Slope

Start and Stop on Negative Slope

Frequency

tc020f.eps

Figure 3-17. Pulse Width Measurements

Making Measurements

Measuring Pulse Width 3

3-27

The meter measures pulse width in the 500.00 or

1000.0 ms ranges.

To measure pulse width, set up the meter to measure

frequency; then press N two more times. As with the

duty cycle function, you can select which level the meter

uses by pressing [ to trigger on the positive slope or

] to trigger on the negative slope. A typical pulse

width display is shown in Figure 3-18.

You can improve pulse width stability by selecting the

averaging feature. Press M until “AVG” appears in the

display. tc028f.eps

Figure 3-18. Pulse Width Display

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

3-28

4-1

Chapter 4

Using Memory & Communications Features

Introduction

Chapter 4 shows you how to use memory and

communication features available on the meters.

Note

Memory, Logging, and Save features apply to the

189 only.

Types of Memory

The meter has two types of memory data: saved readings

and logged readings.

Saved Readings Memory

Saved readings include primary and secondary readings

and functions, the time stamp, and display icons

representing various features in effect.

Logged Readings Memory

The logging interval (Log Int) can be set using the meter

or FlukeView Forms. You can view the average reading

for each logging interval on the meter’s display. A

scheduled logging interval may contain stable and

unstable logged readings. Unstable logged readings

represent unstable events as defined by the AutoHOLD

function. See the Specifications.

To provide more detailed logging information, the meter

also stores the high, low, and average value for each set

of stable and unstable logged readings. You can only

access these logged readings using FlukeView Forms.

Some of the logged readings can only be accessed using

a PC running the FlukeView Forms software. FlukeView

Forms displays the data in graphical or tabular form,

prints, and stores the data.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

4-2

Storing Saved Readings

To add the current displayed reading to the saved

readings memory, press O R (SAVE).

• 5AVEd appears briefly to confirm the operation and

the index number display increments by one.

• FULL appears if no room is available in the saved

readings memory (after 100 saves).

Saved readings can be viewed later as originally

displayed. Actual primary and secondary readings and

functions, the time stamp, and display icons are all stored

in stored readings memory. (The meter does not save the

bar graph.) For example, if the original reading was in

volts ac function with the dB modifier selected, the saved

reading will contain the saved dB value.

Starting Logging

To begin logging, press O D(LOGGING).

; is shown on the display. The logging interval is

preset to 15 minutes.

To change the logging interval, see “Selecting Setup

Options” in Chapter 5. The logging interval can be as high

as 99 minutes or as low as 1 second. There is enough

meter memory for at least 288 intervals (3 days of 15-

minute intervals.) Use FlukeView Forms to store additional

logging data in your PC's memory.

Note

The meter allows interval logging to begin only if

logged readings memory is empty. Refer to the

“Clearing Memory” discussion below.

Stopping Logging

Logging stops when one of the following occurs:

• You press O N (CANCEL).

• A flashing low battery condition (B) occurs.

• Logged readings memory becomes full.

• You change the rotary switch position.

Using Memory & Communications Features

Viewing Memory Data 4

4-3

Viewing Memory Data

Use the following procedure to view memory data:

Note

Viewing memory data involves turning the rotary

switch from its current function. Selections are

not retained when you turn the switch. To return

the meter to this function after viewing memory

data, note the function and the enabled

selections before you turn the rotary switch.

1. Disconnect the input leads at the measurement

source.

WWarning

To avoid electric shock, disconnect the test

leads at the measurement source prior to

viewing memory data.

2. Turn the rotary switch to the VIEW MEM position.

3. The primary display shows memory data. Refer to

Figure 4-1 for an explanation of the VIEW MEM

display.

4. If the primary display data is a logged reading, ;

appears in the display. You can switch between the

two types of memory data.

Press R (SAVE) for saved reading.

Press D (LOGGING) for logged reading

To view more detailed logged reading information,

use FlukeView Forms software.

5. The index (lower left corner of the display) identifies

the displayed memory data by number. You can view

additional memory data by pressing [ and ].

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to switch between the two types

of memory data.

7. To exit viewing memory, turn the rotary switch to any

other position. Remember that the meter returns to

the default selections for the new function position.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

4-4

tc035f.eps

Figure 4-1. View Display

Table 4-1. View Display

No. Item Description

q arrow

icons.

Denotes use of [ or ]

to select higher or lower index

numbers.

Z symbol Hazardous voltage could be

present at inputs.

;Identifies that the average of a

logging interval is displayed.

When off, a saved reading is

displayed.

Memory

data

Shows logged readings or

secondary readings.

Time

display

Indicates a time stamp (f off) or

elapsed time (f on) display.

MEM On during View memory.

Index

number

Identifies the data entry being

viewed.

Using Memory & Communications Features

Clearing Memory 4

4-5

Clearing Memory

You can clear memory in two ways.

• First, If the rotary switch is in the VIEW MEM position,

you can press the blue button (%) to activate the

CLEAR MEM function. CLr.? appears in the display.

You are then prompted to press [ (YES) to clear

the type of memory presently in use or ] (NO) to

stop the clear procedure. The display defines the type

of memory to be cleared, as:

; to clear logged readings memory.

MEM to clear saved readings memory.

• A second clearing procedure is required when you try

to start logging and the logged readings memory is

not empty.

CLr.? appears in the display. To clear the logged

readings memory and begin logging new data, Press

[ (YES).

To decline the clearing operation and not begin

logging, press ] (NO).

If you attempt to save a meter reading when saved

readings memory is full, FULL appears in the display. You

must use the VIEW MEM function to clear saved readings

memory before proceeding.

Using Communications (187 and 189)

When using a PC-to-meter IR (infrared) communication

link, refer to the FlukeView Forms Installation Guide or the

on-line help.

You can use the IR communication link and FlukeView

Forms software to transfer the contents of a meter’s

memory to a PC.

Note

The 187 and 189 will log in real time mode to a

connected computer running FlukeView Forms.

In addition, the 189 allows the user to log to

internal memory and connect to the computer

later for download.

FlukeView Forms allows you to place the data into

standard (default) or customized forms. The forms can

display the data in table and graph form, as well as view

user comments. You can use these forms to satisfy ISO-

9000 and other documentation requirements.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

4-6

5-1

Chapter 5

Changing the Default Settings

Introduction

The meter allows you to change the default operating

configuration of the meter by changing setup options

made at the factory.

Many of these setup options affect general meter

operations and are active in all functions. Others are

limited to one function or group of functions.

These settings are stored and can be changed in the

Setup mode using the procedure described in this

chapter.

Selecting Setup Options

To enter the Setup mode, turn the meter on and press

O T (SETUP).

In the Setup mode, each press of O T (SETUP)

saves changes to the last selection and steps to the next

option.

Each setup option appears in the primary display in the

sequence shown in Tables 5-1 and 5-2.

The options in Table 5-1 are available only when the

preconditions are met. The options in Table 5-2 are

available for all functions. (When measuring dc volts, none

of the preconditions in Table 5-1 are required, and only

the selections shown in Table 5-2 will appear.)

To exit the Setup mode, Press O N (CANCEL).

Be sure to save your last selection by pressing O T

first.)

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

5-2

Table 5-1. Function Specific Setup Selections

Selection Precondition Option Choices ( ) Factory Default

000.0 °C

000.0 °F

Temperature ( w )

selected.

Temperature

offset adjust 000.0 ° to ±100.0 °C(180.0°F) - Use q to

increment or decrement digit.

Use to select digit. Selected digit

flashes.

000.0 °C (or °F)

L Int Model 189 only. Log interval MM:SS - Use q to increment or

decrement minute or second values.

Use to select minute or seconds.

Selected values flash.

15:00

dbrEF AC volts (\ or

,) selected.

dB type dBm or dBV (m or V flashing) - Use

to select.

dBV

dbrEF AC volts (\ or

,) and dBm

selected.

dBm reference 0001 Ω to 1999 Ω - Use q to increment

or decrement digit.

Use to select digit.

0600 Ω

Changing the Default Settings

Selecting Setup Options 5

5-3

Table 5-2. Common Setup Selections

Selection Option Choices Factory Default

bEEP Beeper yE5 or no (flashing) Use to select. yE5

8888 Display digits 8888 (4) or 88888 (5) Use to select. 88888

bLoFF Backlight time out MM:SS - Use q to increment or decrement minute or

second values.

Use to select minutes or seconds. Selected values

flash. Setting value to 00:00 disables timeout.

15:00

Pr0FF Power off time out HH:MM - Use q to increment or decrement hour or minute

values.

Use to select hours or minutes. Selected values flash.

00:15

Hour 24-hour clock HH:MM - Use q to increment or decrement hour or minute

values.

Use to select hours or minutes. Selected values flash.

00:00

50-60 Line/Main frequency 60 or 50 (flashing) - Use to select. 60

Fcty Restore factory defaults yE5 or no (flashing) - Use to select. no

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

5-4

Select and edit setup options as follows:

• Turn the rotary switch to a measurement function:

• Press O T to advance to the next setup option

and save the present selection.

• Press [ to increase or ] to decrease a value.

• Press T (l) to go back to the previous digit or

selection.

• Press % ( s) to advance to the next digit or

selection.

• Any digit or selection being changed flashes when

active.

• Press O N (CANCEL) to exit Setup. (Be sure

to save your last selection by pressing O T first.)

Adjusting the Temperature Offset

If the meter is in a temperature measurement function,

use the following procedure to set an offset for your

temperature probe:

1. Turn the rotary switch to temperature (w).

2. Connect the temperature probe and probe adapter to

the & and V inputs on the meter.

3. Place the temperature probe and an accurate

thermometer in a lag bath (i.e., a container with an

isothermal liquid).

4. Press O T to enter the Setup mode and

temperature adjust.

The primary display shows the measured value for the

temperature probe. This value is already adjusted by any

previously stored offset (shown in the secondary display.)

See Figure 5-1.

Changing the Default Settings

Adjusting the Temperature Offset 5

5-5

If necessary, adjust the temperature offset until the

temperature on the primary display matches the

temperature indicated by the lag bath thermometer.

1. Press % ( s) to advance to the next digit and press

T (l) to go back to the previous digit.

2. Press [ or ] to increase or decrease the digit

value.

3. Save changes by pressing O T.

4. Press O N to exit Setup.

tc041f.eps

Figure 5-1. Adjusting Temperature Offset

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

5-6

Selecting Display Resolution

(3 1/2 or 4 1/2 Digits)

For most functions, you can choose whether the meter

displays the reading in 3-1/2 or 4-1/2 digits.

• The 3-1/2 digit setting provides lower resolution with

faster response time.

• The 4-1/2 digit setting provides greater resolution with

slower response time. The 4-1/2 digit display is

available with all functions except continuity,

conductance, capacitance, and FAST MN MX.

To select the display resolution:

1. Press O, then T until 8888 (for 3-1/2 digits) or

88888 (for 4-1/2 digits) appears in the display.

2. To change the selection, press T (l) or % ( s).

3. Press O, then T to save the selection and

proceed to the next setup selection.

Setting the Power Off Timeout

1. Press O T until Pr0FF appears in the display.

The present power off time in hours and minutes

appears as four digits in the lower right corner of the

display. The maximum timeout setting is 23 hours and

59 minutes. The minimum setting (00:00) disables the

power off timeout.

2. Press % (to advance) or T (to go back) between

digits.

3. With the desired digit selected (flashing), press [

(to increment) or ] (to decrement) the value.

4. When you have set the digits as desired, press

OT to save the settings and proceed to the next

setup selection.

Changing the Default Settings

Setting the 24-Hour Clock 5

5-7

Setting the 24-Hour Clock

The meter uses 24-hour clock readings as time stamps

during HOLD, AutoHOLD, MIN MAX, FAST MN MX,

SAVE, and LOGGING operations.

Hours and minutes to a maximum of 23:59 can be set.

Note

The meter uses elapsed time for all MIN MAX

readings. Elapsed time is expressed in minutes

and seconds to a maximum of 59:59 and then

changes to hours and minutes.

To change the 24-hour clock:

1. Press O T until Hour appears in the display and

the hour digits in the lower right corner of the display

begin flashing.

2. Press [ or ] to increase or decrease the

hour value.

3. Press % ( s) to advance to the minute setting; the

minute digits begin flashing.

4. Press [ or ] to increase or decrease the

minute value.

5. Press O T to store the selection and proceed to

the next selection.

Setting the Line (Main) Frequency

Although the meter operates on battery power only, it is

important to specify the frequency (50 or 60 Hz) of the line

(main) power. This allows the meter to filter out related

noise.

To change the line (main) frequency:

1. Press O T until 50-60 appears in the display.

2. Press T or % to change the selection to the correct

frequency.

3. Press O T to store the selection and proceed to

the next selection.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

5-8

Returning to Factory Defaults

Your meter comes with the setup options preset at the

factory. These factory settings are shown in Tables 5-1

and 5-2. You can always return to these settings as

follows:

1. Press O T until Fcty appears in the display.

2. Press % to select yE5; press T to select no.

If you select yE5, all setup options revert to the

factory defaults; you cannot specify individual

choices.

3. Press O T to exit the setup procedure and

activate your selection.

If you selected yE5 in step 2, all factory settings are

restored.

If you selected no, selections made in the Setup

mode become active.

Saving Setup Options

At each setup option, store your choice and advance to

the next option by pressing O T.

If you are storing the last option, this also exits the setup

mode.

To exit the Setup mode without saving the present option,

press O N(CANCEL).

Selections that were previously saved with O T are

retained.

6-1

Chapter 6

Maintenance

Introduction

This chapter describes basic operator maintenance. For

calibration and performance test information, order the

187 & 189 Service Manual, PN 1584337.

General Maintenance

Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild

detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.

Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings and

can falsely activate the Input Alert feature. Clean the

terminals as follows:

1. Turn the meter off and remove all test leads.

2. Shake out any dirt that may be in the terminals.

3. Soak a new swab with alcohol. Work the swab around

in each terminal.

Testing the Fuses

Before measuring current, test the appropriate fuse as

shown in Figure 6-1. If the tests give readings other than

those shown, have the meter serviced.

WWarning

To avoid electrical shock or personal injury,

remove the test leads and any input signals

before replacing the battery or fuses. To

prevent damage or injury, install ONLY

specified replacement fuses with the

amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown

in Chapter 7.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

6-2

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

MIN MAX

HOLDREL

HzRANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmACOMV

TEMPERATURE

ac+dc

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVE

CANCEL

FAST MN MX YES

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

SETUP

1000V

400mA

FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED CAT

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

MIN MAX

HOLDREL

HzRANGE

ac+dc

OFF

AmACOMV

TEMPERATURE

ac+dc

AutoHOLD LOGGING

SAVE

CANCEL

FAST MN MX YES

CLEAR MEM

VIEW

SETUP

AmA

Replace F2 if " or "

displayed Replace F1 if " or "

displayed

LOGGING MULTIMETER

189

ach038f.eps

Figure 6-1. Testing the Current Fuses

Maintenance

Replacing the Batteries 6

6-3

Replacing the Batteries

Replace the batteries with four AA batteries (NEDA I5A or

IEC LR6).

WWarning

To avoid false readings, which could lead to

possible electric shock or personal injury,

replace the batteries as soon as the battery

indicator (B) appears.

Replace the batteries as follows (refer to Figure 6-2):

1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test

leads from the terminals.

2. Remove the battery door by using a standard-blade

screwdriver to turn the battery door screws one-

quarter turn counterclockwise.

3. Replace the batteries and the battery door. Secure

the door by turning the screws one-quarter turn

clockwise.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

6-4

tc037f.eps

Figure 6-2. Battery and Fuse Replacement

Maintenance

Replacing the Fuses 6

6-5

Replacing the Fuses

W Warning

To avoid electrical shock or damage to the

meter, only use replacement fuses specified

in Table 6-1.

Referring to Figure 6-2, examine or replace the meter’s

fuses as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test

leads from the terminals.

2. Remove the battery acccess door by using a

standard-blade screwdriver to turn the battery door

screws one-quarter turn counterclockwise.

3. Remove either fuse by gently prying one end loose,

then sliding the fuse out of its bracket.

4. Install ONLY specified replacement fuses with the

amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown in

Chapter 7.

5. Reinstall the battery door. Secure the door by turning

the screws one-quarter turn clockwise.

User-Replaceable Parts

User-replaceable parts are listed in Table 6-1. These parts

can be ordered by contacting Fluke. See “How to Contact

Fluke" in Chapter 1.

In Case of Difficulty

If the meter does not seem to work properly:

1. Examine the case for damage. If damage is detected,

contact Fluke. See “Contacting Fluke” in Chapter 1.

2. Check and replace (as needed) the batteries, fuses,

and test leads.

3. Review this manual to verify correct operation.

4. If the meter still does not work, pack it securely and

forward it, postage paid, to the location provided by

the appropriate Fluke contact. Include a description of

the problem. Fluke assumes no responsibility for

damage in transit.

A meter under warranty will be repaired or replaced (at

Fluke’s option) and returned at no charge. See the

registration card for warranty terms.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

6-6

Table 6-1. User-Replaceable Parts

Description Reference Designators Part Number Qty

Access Door, Battery / Fuse MP14 666446 1

Tilt-Stand MP8 659026 1

Accessory Mount MP9 658424 1

WFuse, 0.44 A (44/100 A, 440 mA), 1000 V, FAST F1 943121 1

WFuse, 11 A,1000 V FAST F2 803293 1

Battery, 1.5 V, 0-15 mA, AA Alkaline H8, H9, H10, H11 376756 4

Fasteners, Battery / Fuse Access Door H12, H13 948609 2

Screws, Phillip-Head H4, H5, H6, H7 832246 4

AC70A Alligator Clip (Black) MP38 738047 1

AC70A Alligator Clip (Red) MP39 738120 1

TL71 Right-Angle Test Lead Set MP34 802980 1

Getting Started Manual (TM1-TM5) (see footnote) 5

CD-ROM (Contains Users Manual) (TM6) 1576992 1

Getting Started Manual PNs: English=1547486; French, German, Italian, Dutch=1555282; Danish, Finnish, Norwegian,

Swedish=1555307; French, Spanish, Portuguese=1555294; Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Japanese,Thai=1555282

7-1

Chapter 7

Specifications

Safety and Compliances

Maximum voltage between any terminal and earth

ground. 1000 V dc or rms ac

Compliances - DUAL RATINGS Complies with IEC 1010-1 to 1000 V Overvoltage Category III,

Pollution Degree 2; and IEC 664-1 to 600 V Overvoltage Category

IV, Pollution Degree 2 *

Certifications (Iisted and pending) CSA per standard CSA/CAN C22.2 No. 1010.1-92

UL per standard UL 3111 TÜV per standard EN 61010 Part 1-1993

Surge Protection 8 kV peak per IEC 1010.1-92

Fuse Protection for mA or µA inputs

Fuse Protection for A input

0.44 A (44/100 A, 440 mA), 1000 V FAST Fuse

11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse

Markings , ,UL, TÜV and #

* OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) Categories refer to the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided at the specified

Pollution Degree.

• Overvoltage Category III equipment is equipment in fixed installations. Examples include switch gear and polyphase motors.

• Overvoltage Category IV equipment is equipment for use at the origin of the installation. Examples include electricity meter

and primary over-current protection equipment.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-2

Physical Specifications

Display (LCD) Digital: 50000/5000 counts primary display,

5000 counts secondary display;

updates 4/second.

Analog: 51 segments, updates 40/second.

Operating Temperature − 20 °C to + 55 °C

Storage Temperature − 40 °C to + 60 °C

Temperature Coefficient 0.05 x (specified accuracy) / °C (<18 °C or >28 °C)

Relative Humidity 0 % to 90 % (0 °C to 35 °C)

0 % to 70 % (35 °C to 55 °C)

Altitude Operating: 0-2000 meters per EN61010 CAT III, 1000 V; CAT IV, 600 V

0-3000 meters per EN61010 CAT II, 1000 V; EN61010 CAT III, 600 V;

CAT IV, 300 V

Storage: 10000 meters

Battery Type 4 AA Alkaline, NEDA 15A or LR6

Battery Life 72 Hours typical (with backlight off)

Shock Vibration Per MIL-T-PRF 28800 for Class II instruments

Electromagnetic Compatibility

(EMC) Susceptibility and Emissions: Commercial Limits per EN61326-1

Size 10.0 cm x 20.3 cm x 5.0 cm (3.94 in x 8.00 in x 1.97 in)

(Not Including Accessory Mount)

Weight 545 grams (1.2 lbs.)

Warranty Lifetime

Calibration Interval 1 year

Specifications

Feature Summary 7

7-3

Feature Summary

Feature Description

Dual Digital Displays

Analog Bar Graph

Primary: 50,000 counts

Secondary: 5,000 count

Bar graph: 51 segments, updates 40 times/second

Backlight with 2 brightness levels Bright white backlight for clear readings in poorly lighted areas

Fast Autorange Meter automatically selects best range - instantly

AC+DC true rms, ac rms specified to 100 kHz Choices for AC only, AC and DC dual display, or AC+DC readings

dBm, dBV User selectable impedance references for dBm

AutoHOLD Holds readings on display

Continuity / Open test Beeper sounds for resistance readings below threshold, or to

indicate a momentary open circuit

Fast Bar Graph 51 segments for peaking and nulling

Duty cycle / Pulse width Measure signal on or off time in % or milliseconds

MIN MAX Mode

FAST MN MX with 24-hour time stamp

Record maximum, minimum, and average values.

24-hour clock for MAX or MIN, elapsed time for AVG.

FAST MN MX captures peaks to 250 µsec.

Closed-Case Calibration No internal adjustments needed

Battery / Fuse Access Door Battery or fuse replaceable without voiding calibration

Hi-Impact Overmolded Case Protective holster features

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-4

Basic Specifications

Function Ranges/Description

DC Voltage 0 to 1000 V

AC Voltage, true RMS 2.5 mV to 1000 V – 100 kHz bandwidth

Basic Accuracy DC voltage: 0.025 %

AC voltage: 0.4 %

DC Current 0 to 10 A (20 A for 30 seconds)

AC Current, true RMS 25 µA to 10 A (20 A for 30 seconds)

Resistance 0 to 500 MΩ

Conductance 0 to 500 nS

Capacitance 0.001 nF to 50 mF

Diode Test 3.1 V

Temperature −200 °C to 1350 °C (−328 °F to 2462 °F)

Frequency 0.5 Hz to 1000 kHz

LOGGING Intervals

(Model 189 only) At least 288 intervals may be stored. Up to 707 unstable event values (see AutoHold)

are automatically added to LOGGING memory for viewing only through optional PC

software. Additional intervals will be logged up to 995 if the signal is stable.

SAVE Readings

(Model 189 only) Up to 100 readings may be saved by the user in a memory separate from LOGGING

memory. These readings may be viewed using VIEW MEM.

Specifications

Detailed Accuracy Specifications 7

7-5

Detailed Accuracy Specifications

Accuracy is specified for a period of one year after calibration, at 18 °C to 28 °C (64 °F to 82 °F), with relative humidity to 90

%. Accuracy specifications are given as:

± ( [ % of reading ] + [ number of least significant digits ] )

AC mV, AC V, AC µA, AC mA, and AC A specifications are ac coupled, true rms and are valid from 5 % of range to

100 % of range. AC crest factor can be up to 3.0 at full-scale, 6.0 at half-scale except the 3000 mV and 1000 V ranges

where it is 1.5 at full scale, 3.0 at half-scale.

Accuracy

Function Range Resolution 45 Hz-1 kHz 20-45 Hz 1 kHz-10 kHz 10 kHz-20 kHz 20 kHz-100 kHz

AC mV 1, 2 50.000 mV 0.001 mV 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 5 % + 40 5.5 % + 40 15 % + 40

500.00 mV 0.01 mV 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 5 % + 40 5.5 % + 40 8 % + 40

3000.0 mV 0.1 mV 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 0.4 % + 40 1.5 % + 40 8 % + 40

AC V 1, 2 5.0000 V 0.0001 V 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 0.4 % + 40 1.5 % + 40 8 % + 40

50.000 V 0.001 V 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 0.4 % + 40 1.5 % + 40 8 % + 40

500.00 V 0.01 V 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 0.4 % + 40 Not specified Not specified

1000.0 V 0.1 V 0.4 % + 40 2 % + 80 0.4 % + 40 Not specified Not specified

dBV −52 to −6 0.01 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB 0.5 dB 0.5 dB 1.4 dB

−6 to +34 0.01 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB 0.8 dB

+34 to +60 0.01 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB 0.1 dB Not specified Not specified

1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.

2. A residual reading of 8 to 180 digits with leads shorted, will not affect stated accuracy above 5 % of range.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-6

Accuracy

Function Range Resolution 45-1 kHz 20-45 Hz 1-20 kHz 20 kHz-100 kHz

AC µA 500.00 µA 0.01 µA 0.75 % + 20 1 % + 20 0.75 % + 20 6 % + 40

5,000.0 µA0.1 µA 0.75 % + 5 1% + 5 0.75 % + 10 2 % + 40

AC mA 50.000 mA 0.001 mA 0.75 % + 20 1% + 20 0.75 % + 20 9 % + 40

400.00 mA 0.01 mA 0.75 % + 5 1% + 5 1.5 % + 10 4 % + 40

AC A 5.0000 A 0.0001 A 1.5 % + 20 1.5% + 20 6 % + 40 Not specified

10.000 A 10.001 A 1.5 % + 5 1.5% + 5 5 % + 10 Not specified

1. 10 A continuous up to 35 °C, less than 10 minutes 35 °C to 55 °C. 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum.

Specifications

Detailed Accuracy Specifications 7

7-7

Accuracy Accuracy Dual Display AC or AC+DC 3

Function Range Resolution DC 20 - 45 Hz 45 Hz - 1 kHz 1 kHz- 20 kHz

DC mV 50.000 mV 0.001 mV 0.1% + 20 6 % + 40

500.00 mV 0.01 mV 0.03 % + 2

3000.0 mV 0.1 mV 0.025 % + 5 2 % + 40

DC V 5.0000 V 0.0001 V 0.025 % + 10 2

50.000 V 0.001 V 0.03 % + 3 2

500.00 V 0.01 V 0.1 % + 2 2Not specified

1000.0 V 0.1 V 0.1 % + 2 2

2 % + 80 0.5 % + 40

Not specified

DC µA 500.00 µA 0.01 µA 0.25 % + 20 1 % + 20 1.0 % + 20 2 % + 40

5,000.0 µA0.1 µA 0.25 % + 2 1 % + 10 0.75 % + 10 2 % + 40

DC mA 50.000 mA 0.001 mA 0.15 % + 10 1 % + 20 0.75 % + 20 2 % + 40

400.00 mA 0.01 mA 0.15 % + 2 1 % + 10 1 % + 10 3 % + 40

DC A 5.0000 A 0.0001 A 0.5 %+ 10 2 % + 20 2 % + 20 6 % + 40

10.000 A 10.001 A 0.5 %+ 2 1.5 % + 10 1.5 % + 10 5 % + 10

1. 10 A continuous up to 35 °C, less than 10 minutes 35 °C to 55 °C. 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum.

2. 20 counts in dual display DC or AC+DC.

3. See AC conversions notes for AC mV and V

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-8

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

Resistance 1500.00 Ω0.01 Ω0.05 % + 10 3

5.0000 kΩ0.0001 kΩ0.05 % + 2

50.000 kΩ0.001 kΩ0.05 % + 2

500.00 kΩ0.01 kΩ0.05 % + 2

5.0000 MΩ0.0001 MΩ0.15 % + 4 2

5.000 MΩ up to 32.000 MΩ0.001 MΩ1.0 % + 4 2

32.0 MΩ up to 50.0 MΩ0.1 MΩ3.0 % + 2 4

50.0 MΩ up to 100.0 MΩ0.1 MΩ3.0% + 2 4

100.0 MΩ up to 500.0 MΩ0.1 MΩ10.0 % + 24

Conductance 50.00 nS 0.01 nS 1 % + 10

1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.

2. For relative humidity greater than 70 %, resistance accuracy is 0.5 % over 1 MΩ and 2.5 % over 10 MΩ.

3. Using relative mode (REL ∆) to zero residual reading.

4. To ensure stated accuracy, switch to conductance mode and verify that the open circuit reading is less than 0.10 nS.

Specifications

Detailed Accuracy Specifications 7

7-9

Function Ranges Resolution Accuracy

Capacitance 21.000 nF 0.001 nF 2% + 5

10.00 nF 0.01 nF 1 % + 5

100.0 nF 0.1 nF

1.000 µF 0.001 µF

10.00 µF 0.01 µF

100.0 µF 0.1 µF

1,000 µF 1 µF

10.0 mF 0.01 mF

50.00 mF 0.01 mF 33 % + 10

Diode Test 13.1000 V 0.0001 V 2 % + 20

1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.

2. For film capacitor or better, using Relative mode (REL ∆) to zero residual on 1.000 nF and 10.00 nF ranges.

3. Least significant digit not active above 10 mF.

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-10

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

Frequency 500.00 Hz 0.01 Hz 1± (0.0050 % + 1)

5.0000 kHz 0.0001 kHz

50.000 kHz 0.001 kHz

999.99 kHz 0.01 kHz

Duty Cycle 10.00% to 90.00 % 0.01 % ± ((voltage range/input voltage) X 300 counts) 5,6

Pulse Width 499.99 ms 0.01 ms ± (3 % X (voltage range/input voltage) + 1 count) 5,6

999.9 ms 0.1 ms

Temperature −200 to +1350 °C0.1 °C± ( 1% of reading + 1 °C) 2,3

−328 to +2462 °F0.1 °F± ( 1% of reading + 1.8 °F) 2,3

MIN MAX AVG Response: 100 ms to 80 % Specified accuracy ± 12 counts for changes > 200 ms

in duration. (± 40 counts in AC for changes > 350 ms

and inputs > 25 % of range)

FAST MN MX 250 µs 4Specified accuracy ±100 counts up to 5,000 count (full

range) reading. For higher peak readings (to 20,000

counts), specified accuracy ± 2% of reading.

1. Reading will be 0.00 for signals below 0.5 Hz.

2. Accuracy specification is relative to the user-adjustable temperature offset, and assumes ambient temperature stable to ± 1 °C.

3. For ambient temperature changes of ± 5 °C, rated accuracy applies after 1 hour.

4. For repetitive peaks; 2.5 ms for single events. Use DC function settings below 20 Hz. 50 mV range not specified.

5. Frequency greater than 5 Hz, except for VDC, 500 mVDC and 3000 mVDC functions; 0.5 Hz to 1 kHz. Signals centered around

trigger levels.

6. Range/input ratios also apply to current functions. 500 counts or 5 % for 10 A ranges.

Specifications

Frequency Counter Sensitivity 7

7-11

Frequency Counter Sensitivity

Approximate VAC Sensitivity

(RMS Sine Wave)1

Input Range 15 Hz to

100 kHz 2500 kHz 2VAC Bandwidth 3Approximate VDC

Trigger Levels 1VDC

Bandwidth 3

50 mV 5 mV 10 mV 1 MHz -5 mV & 5 mV 1 MHz

500 mV 20 mV 20 mV 1 MHz 5 mV & 65 mV 1 MHz

3000 mV 500 mV 2000 mV 800 kHz 140 mV & 200 mV 90 kHz

5 V 0.5 V 2.0 V 950 kHz 1.4 V & 2.0 V 14 kHz

50 V 5 V 5.0 V 1 MHz 0.5 V & 6.5 V > 400 kHz

500 V 20 V 20 V 1 MHz 5 V & 65 V > 400 kHz

1000 V 100 V 100 V > 400 kHz 5 V & 65 V > 400 kHz

1. Maximum input = 10 x Range (1000 V max). Noise at low frequencies and amplitudes may affect accuracy.

2. Useable at reduced sensitivity to 0.5 Hz and 1000 kHz.

3. Typical frequency bandwidth with full scale (or maximum 2 X 107 V-Hz product) RMS sine wave.

Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA)

Function Range Burden Voltage (typical)

mA - µA 500.00 µA102 µV / µA

5,000 µA 102 µV / µA

50.000 mA 1.8 mV / mA

400.00 mA 1.8 mV / mA

A 5.0000 A 0.04 V / A

10.000 A 0.04 V / A

Model 187 & 189

Users Manual

7-12

Input Characteristics

Function Input Impedance (Nominal)

Volts, mV 10 MΩ, < 100 pF

Common Mode Rejection Ratio Normal Mode Rejection

DC Volts, mV >100 dB at dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz ±0.1% >90 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz ± 0.1%

AC Volts, mV > 90 dB dc to 60 Hz

Full-Scale Voltage

Open Circuit Test Voltage To 5 MΩ30 MΩ + nS

Ohms < 5 V 500 mV 3.1 V

Diode Test < 5 V 3.1000 V

Typical Short-Circuit Current

500 Ω5 kΩ50 kΩ500 kΩ5 MΩ30 MΩ

Ohms 1 mA 100 µA 10 µA1 µA0.1 µA0.1 µA

Diode Test 1 mA typical

Fluke Thermometer 189 Users Manual

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