Furuno USA 9ZW1932M2 User Manual 76862

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Document ID	76862
Application ID	nr2yLZ5LoEF4DSselmeFUA==
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	1999-12-17 00:00:00
Date Available	1998-09-26 00:00:00
Creation Date	2001-05-13 13:11:26
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Document Title	76862.pdf
Document Author:	VicodinES /CB /TNN

EMJEQEBMCD
OPERATORS MAHIIAI.
MARINE RADAR
MODEL 1932 MARK-2/1942 MARK-2
° FURUNO ELECTRIC co, LTD.
N|SH|NOM|YA,JAPAN
Q SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
[ll DANGER
Stay away from transmit-ting scanner.
The radar scanner emits microwave radiation which can be harmful to the
human body, particularly the eyes. Never look direcfly into the scanner
radiator trom a distance of less than t m when the radar is in operation.
Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard
The radar scanner emits electromagnetic radio trequency (RF) energy which can be
harmiul, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the scanner aperture from a
close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting
scanner at a close distance.
Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the table
below.
Note: lithe scanner unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,
your administration may require hall of transmission within a certain sector of scanner
revolution. This is possible—Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide
this feature.
Distance to
Distance to 10 With”
100 WlmI point point
1932 MK—2 XNB (3') Worst case 0.03 rn Worst case 1.65 m
1942 MK-2 XN12A (6‘) Worst case 2.5 m
& WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
Do not open the equipment.
Only qualified personnel
should work inside the
equipment.
Tum oil the radar power
switch before servicing the
scanner unit. Post a wam-
my sign near the switch
Indicating It should not be
turned on while the scanner
unit is bean serviced.
Prevent the potential risk of
being struck by the rotating
scanner and exposure to
RF radiation hazard.
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.
Turn off the power Immediately if water
leaks Into the equipment or the equip-
ment is emitting smoke or fire.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock
Use the proper fuse.
Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment
damage.
Keep heater away from equipment.
Heat can alter equipment shape and melt
the power cord, which can cause fire or
electrical shock.
Do not use the equipment for other than
Its Intended purpose.
Use of the equipment as a stepping stool.
tor example, can result in personal injury
or equipment damage.
No one navigation device should ever be
solely replied upon for the navigation of
a vessel.
Always confirm position against all available
aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and
crew.
Two warning labels are attached to the display
unit and scanner unit. Do not remove these labels.
Ii labels are peeling off or are illegible, contact
a FURUNO agent or dealer.
A WARNING A
To mm mm mm, no not
runaw- can. No luv-cw
m mm.
aloof-ml.
e— Exv’zunofiuflrt—l.”
out? 5 u. alcultzlav
as < e u. n-swe zen-rt.

Name: Weming Label (ll
Typm M101”)
Code "0.5 100-236—230
 ,
Nome: Radiation Warning A t WARNING
Label mummy“
Type: 08—1 42-3201 -0
Code no.: 100-256-890
FOREWORD
Congratulations on your choice of the
FURUNO MODEL 193m 942 MARK-2 Ma-
rine Radar. We are confident you will see why
the FURUNO name has become synony-
mous with quality and reliability.
For over 40 years FUFlUNO Electric Com-
pany has enjoyed an enviable reputation for
innovative and dependable marine electron-
ics equipment. This dedication to excellence
is furthered by our extensive global network
of agents and dealers.
Your radar is designed and constructed to
meet the rigorous demands of the marine en-
vironment. However, no machine can per-
form its intended function unless properly
installed and maintained. Please carefully
read and follow the recommended proce-
dures for, operation and maintenance.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the
end-user. about whether we are achieving
our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing
FUFtUNO equipment.
Features
Your radar has a large variety of functions,
all contained in a remarkably small cabinet.
The main features of the MODEL 1932/1942
MARK-2 are:
0 Traditional FUFlUNO reliability and qual-
ity in a compact, lightweight and low-cost
radar.
0 Durable brushless scanner motor.
- On-screen alphanumeric readout of all op-
erational infomratlon.
0 Standard features include EBL (Electronic
Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range
Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Cen-
ter, and Echo Trail.
0 Watchman feature periodically transmits
the radar to check for radar targets which
may be entering the alarm zone.
0 Ship’s position in latitude and longitude
and Loren C Time Differences, range and
bearing to a waypoint. and ship's speed!
heading/course can be shown in the bot-
tom text area. (Requires a navigation aid
which can output such data in IEC 61162
format.)
0 Zoom feature provided.
- Optional Auto Plotter ARP-lo acquires
and automatically tracks 5 targets plus 5
targets manually, or 10 targets manually.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
’
FOREWORD ........ ....... iii
MENU TREE ......... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY
INDICATION, MARKER ..... . ..... .. vi
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION vii
1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar? ............................... 1-1
12 How Ships Determined Position
Before Radar ............................. 1-1
1.3 How Radar Determines Range ..
1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing ..... M
1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Scannner
Rotation Speed .............................. 1-1
1.6 The Radar Display ......................... 1-1
2. BASIC OPERATION
2.1 Control Description ...........
2.2 Tuming the Radar OnlO‘II .
2.3 Transmitting...
2.4 Stand—by .....
2.5 Selecting the Range.
2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance
2.7 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity ........ 2-3
2.8 Adjusting the A/C SEA Control
(reducing sea clutter) ..................... 2—3
2.9 Adjusting the A/C RAIN Control
(reducing rain clutter) ..................... 2—4
2.10 Ereslng the Heading Marker.
North Marker ..........
2.11 Measunng the Range. 2-5
2.12 Measunng the Bearing 2—6
2.13 Using the Offset EBL.. 2-6
2.14 Oficentering the Picture. 2—7
2.15 Zoom ..........................
3. MENU OPERATION
3.1 Basic Menu Operation .................... 3-1
3.2 Selecting the Presentation Mode 3-1
3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes
(echo stretch) 32
3.4 Echo Trail .....
3.5 Suppressing Radar Interference 3-3
3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth
3.7 Guard Alarm ..........
3.8 Watchman ....................
3.9 Displaying Navigation Data ..
3.10 OTHER MENU Description
3.11 Function Controls
3.12 Suppressing Noise .
3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers .....
3.14 Outputting Target Position .
3.15 Dead Sector ..................
4. FALSE ECHOES
4.1 Multiple Echoes
4.2 Side-lobe Echoes .
4.3 Indirect Echoes .....
4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors ..
4.5 SART (Search and Rescue
Transponder) ...........
5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLE-
SHOOTING
5.1 Preventive Maimenance ..
5.2 Replacing the Fuse .....
3-5
3—6
teat
5-1
5-1
5-2
5.3 Troubleshooting
5.4 Self Test ............ 5-3
5.5 Life Expectancy oI Magnetron 5-3
6. OPERATION OF ARP—1O
(OPTION)
6.1 General ..........................
62 ARP—10 MENU Operation ..
6.3 Acquiring Targets ........
6.4 Displaying Target Data
6.5 Mode and Length of Vectors ..
6.5 Past Position Display ..
6.7 Operational Warnings.
SPECIFICATIONS ........... SP-1
INDEX ............. .............IN-1
MENU TREE
MENU KEY RINGS (on, 1. 2.3. max)
EBL OFFSET m On) 1. Display
SHIFT m On) 2. All Cancel
ZOOM m. On) 3. Vector reT
MODE (w, cu, NU, TM) 4. Vector Lengm
DISP DATA 5. History
ECHO TRAIL (& On) 6. CPA SET
ECHO STRTCH in. E51, E82) . 7. TCPA SET
ARP-m MENU (Opium) 3. AUTO AGO
OTHER MENU
1. Panel Dimmer (1 , 2, 3, m
2. Mark Brill (1, 2, 3, i)
3. HD Mark (1, 2. 3,”
4. Characters (1. 2, Si)
5. Trail Tone m, Multi)
6.1m Reject (0&12. a)
7. Pulselengm (Short. W
5. Noise Reject m. On)
9. Trail Time
Cm. 305, 1M. 3M. 6M, 15M, 30M. Com)
10. Tune W. Mann)
11. Disp Data m Nav, ARP, All)
12. WPT Mark m On)
13. EBL Ref (m. True)
14. VRM Unit m, km, sm)
15. Watchman m, 5M, 10M, 20M)
16. STBY DISP m. Econo. Nav)
17. Guard Mode want)
18. Own Position (m, TD)
19. Cursor Posi (HI. UL)
20. Alrn Sense LV m Mid, High)
21. Dead Sector w, On)
22. Range
Mfim,w.r,fi 36.118):1932M2
2.3. 4.5.8,K16,§, afiflmnszz
23. Self Test
24. Insiailalion Setup 1.Nav Talker % GPS, LC)
2.05pm Unit a, 13, fl)
3.Temp Unit a |F)
4.Hdg Sensor (Fm, Gyro)
5.Key Beep ”I. On)
- ' 6503" Slap (W, Stop)
w . Defaul semngs 7‘ De ad Seder
8.TuneNIdeo Adiustmem
9.Hsading Alignment
10. Sweep Timing Adiusimenl
11.MBS Adiusiment
12.Ant Height (Lomm, High)
13.STC Curve (Shaun. Gntl)
14.0pe Mode M Slave)
15.Hours in Use
16.TX Hours
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY
INDICATION, MARKER
Tuning indicator (RS-7)
Echo (rail elapsed time (PB-3)
Minding (readies hearing data)
Hsadino marker (P.2—5) EcholrmIIlme (Rs-3)
Guard Zone (9.34)
Zoom (RH)
Echo Stretch (RS-2)
Range (P24!)
Range ring inlerval (RE-3)
Pulselength (P2—3)
Display mode (R34)
,...\....,-... """"'I""ln
Of! center (RE-7)
Cursor (F.2-5, 2-6)
EEL2 (P.2-S)
Guard zone area (P35)
EBLI (HZ-6)
VRMl (P26) Range rlng (P241, 2-5)
, VRMZ (P.2-5)
North rmrker (P.2-5)
NC AUTO (P24)
EBL'I bearing (Pz-G)
EBL2 bearing (P26)
Imederenoe rejedor (P‘s-3)
VRM1 rungs (P.2-5)
VRNE range (P26)
Cursor bmdng (P26)
0mm range (P.2-5)
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Scanner Unit
Navigation
device
IEC 61162' (In/Om)
<- --------------------------
Display Unit
“DP-118
Video Sounder LEE-611531???)
Auto Plotter
ARP—10 f
; (24mmoniy)
12 VDC: 10A
24/32 VDC: 5A
‘Equivalent to NMEA 0183
------------ Option
12/24/32 "voc
MODEL 1932 MARK-2
XNS-RSB-Oofl-OM (24 rpm)
XNa-RSB-OOMM (48 rpm)
MODEL 1942 MARK-2
xu1zA~nsa-oo7o-oss (2a rpm)
xm mass-0013459 (4a rpm)
______ _. Remote Dlsplayé
5 FMD—811/1BOO 5
....... 4 External Alarm
g Buzzer opus-21 g
115/230 VAC
1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar?
The term “RADAR" is an acronym meaning
Radio Detection And Ranging. Although the
basic principles oi radar were developed dur-
ing World War II, echoes as an aid to naviga-
tion is not a new development.
1.2 How Ships Determined
Position Before Radar
Before the invention of radar, when running
in fog near a rugged shoreline, ships would
sound a short blast on their whistles, fire a
shot, or strike a bell. The time between the
origination of the sound and the ramming of
the echo indicated how far the ship was from
the cliffs or the shore. The direction from
which the echo was heard indicated the rela-
tive bearing of the shore.
1.3 How Radar Determines
Range
Radar determines the distance to the target
by calculating the time difference between the
transmission of a radar signal and the recep-
tion of the reflected echo. It is a known fact
that radar waves travel at a nearly constant
speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second.
Therefore the time required for a transmitted
signal to travel to the target and return as an
echo to the source is a measure of the dis-
tance to the target. Note that the echo makes
a complete round trip, but only half the time
oftravel is needed to determine the one-way
distance to the target. This radar automati-
cally takes this into account in making the
range calculation.
1.4 How Radar Detennlnes
Bearing
The bearing to a target found by the radar is
determined by the direction in which the ra-
dar scanner is pointing when it emits an elec-
tronic pulse and then receives a returning
echo. Each time the scanner rotates pulses
are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle,
each pulse at a slightly different bearing irom
the previous one. Therefore, if one knows the
direction in which the signal is sent out. one
knows the direction from which the echo must
return.
1.5 Radar Wave Speed and
Scanner Rotation Speed
Note that the speed of the radar waves out
to the target and back again as echoes is
extremely fast compared to the speed of ro-
tation of the scanner. By the time radar ech-
oes have returned to the scanner. the amount
at scanner rotation after initial transmission
of the radar pulse is extremely small.
1.6 The Radar Display
The range and beefing of a target is displayed
on what is called a Plan Position Indicator
(PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia-
gram, with the transmitting ship's position at
the center. Images oi target echoes are re—
ceived and displayed at their relative bear—
ings, and attheir distance from the PPI center.
With a continuous display of the images of
targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is
also displayed.
Heading marker
Range and bearing
of a target relative
to own ship. are
readable on (he PPI.
Own ship Own shlp
(radar) in center
(A) Bird's aye vim of snunlon (B) Rad-r picture of (A)
Figure 1-1 Haw radar works
2. BASIC OPERATION
2.1 Control Description
Requires Aulo Plotter ARP-10 Omniggd
Briel press: Shifts cursor, VRM and EBL;
Displays the data of target selects items and options on
selected with the cursor. menu.
Long press:
Terminates plotting of the target (1) Acquires the target selected
with the ominipad. (Requires
Auto Plotter ARP—I 0.)
(2) Registers selection on
menus.
Sets guard zone area.
selected with the cursor.
Opens/doses menus.
Selects
EBL1/EBL2NRM1NRM2.
Control:
Adjusts sensitivity. Selects radar range.
Switch:
Temporarily erases heading
marker (and north marker It EgfifiséiglfiBSLSIEBu.
displayed).
Outputs target position data.
Control:
Reduces sea clutter.
Switch':
(Long press) Shifts your vessel 5
position to cursor location.
(Brief press) Doubles size of
area between your vessel and
location selected by cursor.
Automatically reduces sea and
rain dutters.
Adjusts display brilliance.
Sets radar In stand-by;
Control: _ transmits radar pulse.
Reduces rain clutter.
Switch':
Dlsplaces the EEL origin, Turns DOV/Sf “1/0".
Lights when the economy mode
is on.
‘Delault switch function.
Figure 2-1 Comm! panel
2.2 Turning the Radar OnIOff
Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar on
or off.
The control panel lights and a timer displays
the time remaining for warm up of the mag-
netron (the device which produces radar
pulses), counting down lrom 1:30 to 0:01.
2.3 Transmitting
After the power is turned on and the magne-
tron has warmed up, STBY (Stand-By) ap-
pears at the screen center. This means the
radar is now fully operational.
Press the [STBY TX] key to transmit.
When transmitting, any echoes from targets
appear on the display. This radar displays
echoes in eight tones of green according to
echo strength.
srezo
Speed—b 10.5 In
Depth fl» 125 m
T0 Waypolnt
bearing
Heading
Trme-to—gc to
T0 Waypoint
Bearing to T0
2.4 Stand-by
When you won’t be using the radar lor an
extended period, but you want to keep it in a
state 01 readiness, place it in stand-by by
pressing the [STBY TX] key. The display
shows “STBY,” navigation data, or goes into
the economy mode depending on menu set-
ting. (More on menu operation later.)
Economy mode
The CRT can be set to automatically turn it-
self ofl when in stand-by, to reduce power
consumption. This feature is called the
“economy mode." Power consumption in the
economy mode is 28 W. When the economy
mode is on. the lamp next to the [POWER]
key lights.
Navigation data display during
stand-by
If a navigation aid inputs navigation data to
this radar in IEC 61162 format, navigation
data can be displayed during stand-by. You
can turn the navigation data display on/off
through the menu. Figure 2-2 shows a typi-
cal navigation data display during stand-by.
<— Time-to-go to Stand-by
F Trip distance since power on
EMPEHAWK
+173 ‘C<— Temperature
Course
Waypoinl
Range to T0 Waypoint
LXTE
Ship's position in latitude
and longitude and Lorm
TDs
Cross Track Error
Mark ' .' shows
direction and amount of
m em-
Figure 2-2 Typical navigation data display
during stand-by
Note1: Availability of a particular display item
depends on incoming data.
Note2: When Range to Waypoint reaches 0.1
nm, the WPT marker jumps to dead ahead
even though a difference may exist between
heading and BRG to WPT.
Notes: When cross track error exceeds 1 nm
on either side, the XT E mark starts blinking.
2.5 Selecting the Range
The range selected automatically determines
the range ring interval, the number of range
rings. pulselength and pulse repetition rate,
for optimal detection capability in short to long
ranges.
You can select which ranges and pulseiength
(for 1.5 and 3 mile ranges) to use through
the menu. The range, range ring interval and
puiseiength appear at the top left-hand cor-
ner of the display.
To select a range;
Press the [- RANGE +1 key. The range and
range ring interval appear at the top left cor-
ner of the display.
Tips tor selecting the range
0 when navigating in or around crowded
harbors, select a short range to watch for
possible collision situations.
0 If you select a lower range while on open
water, increase the range occasionally to
watch for vessels that may be heading
your way.
2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance
The [BRILL] key adjusts the brilliance ol the
radar picture in sixteen levels. The current
level momentarily appears on the screen
whenever the [BRILL] key is pressed.
2.7 Adjusting Receiver
Sensitivity
The [GAIN] control adjusts the sensitivity of
the receiver. it works in precisely the same
manner as the volume control of a broadcast
receiver, amplilying the signals received.
The proper setting Is such that the back-
ground noise is just visible on the screen. If
you set up for too little sensitivity. weak eoh-
oes may be missed. On the other hand ex-
cessive sensitivity yields too much
background noise; strong targets may be
missed because of the poor contrast between
desired echoes and the background noise on
the display.
To adjust receiver sensitivity, transmit on long
range, and adjust the [GAIN] control so back-
ground noise is just visible on the screen.
2.8 Adjusting the A16 SEA
Control
(reducing sea clutter)
Echoes from waves can be troublesome, cov-
ering the central pan of the display with ran-
dom signals known as “sea clutter." The
higher the waves, and the higher the scan-
ner above the water. the further the clutter
will extend. Sea clutter appears on the dis-
play as many small echoes which might af—
fect radar performance. (See the IelHiand
figure in Figure 2—3.) When sea clutter masks
the picture, adjust the [AIC SEA] control to
reduce the clutter.
How the A/C SEA control works
The [AIC SEA] control reduces the amplifi-
cation of echoes at short ranges (where clut-
ter is the greatest) and progressively
increases amplification as the range in-
creases. so amplification will be normal at
those ranges where there is no sea clutter.
Adjusting the A/c SEA control
The proper setting of the A10 SEA should be
such that the clutter is broken up into small
dots. and small targets become distinguish—
able.
If the comrol is set too low, targets will be
hidden in the clutter, while if it is set too high,
both sea clutter and targets will disappear
from the display. in most cases adjust the
control until clutter has disappeared to lee-
ward, but a little is still visible windward.
1 . Confirm that the sensitivity is properly ad-
justed, and then transmit on short range.
2. Adjust the [A10 SEA] control so small tar-
gets are distinguishable but some clutter
remains on the display.
Sea clutter at
display center
NC SEA control adjusted;
see cIuIIer suppressed.
Figure 23 How to adjust the A/C SEA
control
Tip for adjusting the A10 SEA
A common mistake is to over-adjust the cir-
cuit so all the clutter is removed. As an ex-
ample set up for maximum AIC SEA. You will
see how the center of the display becomes
dark. This dark zone can be dangerous (tar-
gets may be missed), especially if the sensi-
tivity is not properly adjusted. Always leave a
little clutter visible on the display to be sure
weak echoes vw'll not be suppressed. If there
is no clutter visible on the display, turn off the
circuit.
Turn off the NC SEA control when
its use is not required; the control
can erase week targets.
2.9 Adjusting the A10 RAIN
Control
(reducing rain clutter)
The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is de-
signed to see surface targets even when the
ship is rolling. However, by this design the
scanner will also detect rain clutter (rain,
snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as nor-
mal targets. Figure 2-4 shows the appear-
ance of rain clutter on the display.
Adjusting A/c RAIN
When rain clutter masks echoes, adjust the
[A/C RAIN] control. This control splits up
these unwanted echoes into a speckled pat-
tern, making recognition of solid targets
easier.
Appearance of NC RAIN control adjusted:
rain clutter rain clutter suppressed.
Figure 2—4 Effect afA/C RAIN
Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the [NC
RAIN] control can be used in tine weather to
clarify the picture when navigating In confined
waters. However, with the circuit activated the
receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off
the circuit when its function is not required.
Automatic adjustments of NC SEA
and Ale RAIN
Push the [A/C AUTO] key. "A/C AUTO" ap-
pears at the bottom left-hand comer ot the
display when the A/C AUTO circuit is on. You
can fine tune by adjusting the [A16 SEA], [Al
C RAIN] and [GAIN] controls.
2.10 Erasing the Heading
Marker, North Marker
The heading marker or north marker (avail-
able with gyrocornpass connection) may oc-
casionally mask a target. To view the target,
you can temporarily erase the heading
marker and north marker by pressing and
holding down the [GAIN (HM OFF)] control.
Release the control to re-display the mark-
ers.
Heading
marker
North
marker
Figure 2—5 Heading marker and north marker
2.11 Measuring the Range
You can measure the range to a target three
ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and
by the VRM (Variable Range Marker).
Measuring range by range rings
Count the number of rings between the cen-
ter of the display and the target. Check the
range ring interval and judge the distance at
the echo from the inner edge of the nearest
nng.
Measuring range by cursor
Operate the omnipad to place the cursor in-
tersection on the inside edge of the target
echo. The range to the target. as well as the
bearing, appears at the bottom of the display.
Measuring range by VRM
1. Press the [EBIJVRM SELECT] key to cir-
cumscribe a VRM readout (at the bottom
right-hand comer). Each press of the key
selects the readout of EBLt, EBL2, VRMI
or VRM2 in that order.
—\..
VRM
5.3“NM
12.5”NM
Figure 2-6 Display bottom, showing
location of EBL and VRM readouts
2. Press the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key to
enable control of the VRM by the
omnipad.
3. Operate the omnipad to place the outside
edge of the VRM on the inside edge of
the target. The omnipad must be oper-
ated within five seconds after pressing the
[EBLNRM CONTROL] key, otherwise the
VRM cannot be operated.
4. Check the VRM readout at the bottom
right-hand comer ot the display to find the
range to the target.
5. To anchor the VRM, press the [EBLNRM
CONTROL] key.
To erase the VRM, press and hold down the
[EBLNRM CONTROL] key about two sec-
onds.
hterval
Target VRM1
Curw
VRMZ
VRM‘]
4 / rams
Cursor range 4.0 NM 3:0 NM~— vnmz
range
Figure 2—7 Measuring range by the cursor,
range rings and VRM
Note: You can display the range readout of
the VRM and cursor in nautical miles, stat-
ute miles or kilometers. For details see the
next chapter.
2.12 Measuring the Bearing
There are two ways to measure the bearing
to a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL
(Electronic Bearing Line).
Measuring hearing by cursor
Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with
the cursor intersection. The bearing to the
target appears at the bottom of the display.
Measuring bearing by EBL
1. Press the [EBL/VFiM SELECT] key to cir-
cumscribe an EBL readout (at the bottom
Iett-hand corner). Each press of the key
selects the readout of EBL1, EBL2, VRM1
or VRM2 in that order.
2. Press the [EBL/VFtM CONTROL] key to
enable control of the EBL by the omnipad.
3. Operate the omnipad to biseot the target
with the EBL The omnipad must be op-
erated within five seconds atter pressing
the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key, otherwise
the EBL cannot be operated.
4. Check the EBL readout at the bottom left-
hand comer oi the display to find the bear-
ing to the target.
5. To anchor the EBL, press the [EBUVRM
CONTROL] key.
To erase the EBL and its readout, press and
hold down the [EBIJVFIM CONTROL] key
about two seconds.
6.0 NM
2.0 m9“
Cursor
EBL1
EBL2
Cursor
bearing
EBL
EBL1 bearing __._
EBL1 bearing —. 135 n «urn 4.0 NM
Figure 2-8 How to measure bearing by EBL
and cursor
Note: The bearing readout for the EBLandthe
cursor can be displayed in relatiive or true
bearing (true bearing requires heading sen-
sor input). For north up and course up dis-
play modes the bearing reference is always
true. For details see the next chapter.
Tips for measuring bearing
0 Bearing measurements of smallertargets
are more accurate; the center of larger
target pipe is not as easily identified.
0 Bearings oi stationary or slower moving
targets are more accurate than bearings
of faster moving targets.
0 To minimize bearing errors keep echoes
in the outer half of the picture by chang-
ing the range scale; angular difference
becomes difficult to resolve as a target
approaches the center of the display.
2.13 Using the Offset EBL
The offset EBL provides two functions: pre-
dict collision oourse of a radar target and mea-
sure the range and the bearing between two
targets.
Predicting collision course
1. Operate the omnipad to place the cursor
on the center of the target.
2. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to
choose the EBL1 readout, and then press
the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key.
3. Press the [MENU] key, select EBL OFF-
SET from the menu, and then press the
[AGO/ENTER] key.
4. Press the [EBLNFiM CONTROL] key.
5. Operate the omnipad so EBL1 passes
through the center of the target.
it the target tracks along the EBL towards the
center of the display (your vessel's position),
the target may be on a collision course.
To cancel “to offset EBL, select EBL OFF-
SET from the menu and press the [ACQ/
ENTER] key.
(Initial position
at target)
Target moved
here. Offset EBL
(EBL1 )
EBL
EBL1 —- m fivmu
bearing range
Figure 2-9 Predicting collision course by
using the offset EBL
6.0 NM
EBL1 origin
VRM1
Measuring range and bearing
between two targets
The procedure which follows shows how to
measure the range and bearing between tar-
get “A" and target “B" in Figure 2-10.
1.
Operate the omnipad to place EBL1’s ori-
gin (cursor) on the center of target "A."
Press the [EBLNRM SELECT] key to
choose the EBL1 readout and then press
the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.
Press the [MENU] key, select EBL OFF-
SET from the menu, and then press the
[AGO/ENTER] key. EBL1’s origin shifts to
cursor location.
Press the [EBIJV RM CONTROL] key.
5. Operate the omnipad to bisect target “B"
with EBL1. Check the EBL1 readout to
find the bearing between target “A“ and
target “8.”
Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to
choose the VRM1 readout. Operate the
omnipad to place the outside edge of
VRM1 on the inside edge of target “B.”
Check the VRM1 readoutto find the range
between target 'A” and target “B."
To cancel the otlset EBL, select EBL OFF-
SET trom the menu, and then press the
[AGO/ENTER] key.
EEL1
VRM1
V M
EBL1 _. VFIMt
hearing range
Figure 2—10 Measuring the range and
bearing between two targets by using the
offset EBL
2.14 Oflcentering the Picture
Your vessel's position can be oficentered to
75% of the range in use to view the situation
around your vessel without changing the
range or size of targets.
1.
2.
Press the omnipad to set the cursor where
desired.
Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control if its func-
tion is set for SHIFI' (default setting). or
select SHIFT from the menu.
OFFCENTER appears at the top right
comer of the display when the picture is
offcentered.
(2) Press [F1] to ollcenter
display.
G) Fleece cursor
where desired.
Figure 2- 11 Offcentering the picture
Cancelling offcentered picture
Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control (if function
is SHIFT).
2.15 Zoom
The zoom feature allows you to double the
size of the area between your vessel and any
location within the current range to take a
closer look at an area of interest.
1. Select location with the cursor.
2. Press and hold down the [F1 (A/C SEA)]
control about two seconds it its function
is set for ZOOM (default setting), or se-
lect ZOOM from the menu. Zoom appears
at the top right corner when the ZOOM
function is on.
Cursor
® Place cursor 9 Press [F1] to zoom.
where desired.
Figure 2- 12 Zoom function
Note: Zoom is cancelled when range or pre-
semation mode is changed.
Cancelling zoom
Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)! control again.
3.1 Basic Menu Operation
The menu mostly contains less-often used
functions which once preset do not require
regular adjustment. To open or close the
menu, press the [MENU] key. You can select
items and options from the menu with the
omnipad. The complete menu appears on
page v.
1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main
menu.
05s] by omnipad A pron ENT.‘
Figure 3-1 Main menu
2. Press the omnipad to select item. For
example, select RINGS. A message ap-
pears at the bottom of the menu window.
3. Press the [ACCVENTER] key to select set-
ting. Each time this key is pressed,
the message changes. For the FilNGS
menu, the message sequence is as
shown below.
Chalmebtiillvornoiitot.
Chang. bdli from I In 2.
Change briliirom 2m 3.
Change brill from a to max.
chemo-inimmmmon.
Figure 3-2 Messages for RINGS menu
4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3. MENU OPERATION
3.2 Selecting the Presentation
Mode
With heading sensor connection, this radar
provides four presentation modes: head-up,
course-up, north-up and true motion.
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Operate the omnipad to select "MODE."
3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
The display and the display mode indication
at the top left-hand comer of the display
change in the sequence of HU (heading up),
CU (course up), NU (north up) and TM (true
motion) when the [AGO/ENTER] key Is
pressed. If there is no heading sensor con-
nection, the display mode is always HU.
4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Note: The radar begins operation with last
selected display mode (except course up)
whenever the unit is turned on. Note how-
ever that head up is selected when course
up was the last used mode.
Head up
The picture is oriented so the heading marker
is at the top of the display. This mode is use-
tul for navigation in congested waters.
Course up
The course up mode shows ship‘s heading
by the heading marker, at the top of the dis-
play. To get heading desired, steer vessel in
direction desired, and then show “CU” at the
top left-hand comer oi the display.
North up
North is at the top of the display and the head-
ing marker moves with ship’s heading. This
mode is useful for determining ship's posi-
tion and as a navigah'on monitor on a nauti-
cal chart. The picture is stabilized against yaw
of vessel, thereby reducing smear of target
echoes.
True motion
True motion displays own ship and moving
objects in their true motion.
3.3 Magnifying Long Range
Echoes (echo stretch)
Normally, the reflected echoes from long
range targets appear on the display as
weaker and smaller blips even though they
are compensated by the radar's internal ctr-
cuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies
these small blips in all ranges. Two types of
echo stretch are available: E31 which
stretches echoes in bearing direction and
E32 which stretches them in both range and
bearing directions.
To turn the echo stretch on or off;
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
2. Select “ES."
3. Each press of the [AGO/ENTER] key
changes the echo stretch function status
in the sequence of 581, E82 and OFF.
ES1 or E82 appears atthe top right-hand
corner of the display when echo stretch
is on.
Range
direction
Echo stretch 2
Ed!) stretch 1
Figure 3-8 Echo stretch
Notet: This function magnifies not only tar-
gets but also sea clutter and radar interfer-
ence. For this reason he sure the sea clutter
and radar interference are sufficiently sup-
pressed beiore activating the echo stretch.
Note2: E82 is not available on short range.
3.4 Echo Trail
You can show the movement of all radar tar-
gets relative to your vessel in afterglow. This
function is useful for alerting you to possible
collision situations.
Starting echo trail
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
2. Select “ECHO TRAIL" by the omnipad.
3. Select“ACTlVATE" by pressing the [ACQ/
ENTER] key.
Figure 3-4 How the echo trail feature works
TRAIL, the echo trail time selected (on
“OTHERS MENU") and elapsed time appear
at the top right-hand corner of the display.
Then, afterglow starts extending from all tar-
gets.
Note: Trails are restarted when range or
mode is changed or zoom or offcenter is
turned on.
Fixed time trail
1. When “we elapsed time clock counts up
to the trail time selected, the elapsed time
display freezes.
2. The oldest portions of trails are erased
so only the latest trail, equal in length to
the trail time selected, is shown.
3. Trail continues.
For example, the one minute trail time is se-
lected. When the elapsed time clock counts
up to 60 seconds, the elapsed time display
freezes at “60," but the latest one minute of
trail are erased and then trail continuous.
Continuous trail
The maximum continuous trail time is 99 min-
utes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time
clock counts up to that time the elapsed time
display is reset to zero and trail begins again.
Cancelling echo trail
Select 'OFF (deactivate)” at “ECHO TRAIL"
on the menu.
Changing trail attributes
Trail gradation and trail time can be selected
on the OTHERS menu.
Table 3-1 Trail attributes
Item in
OTHERS menu
sec, 30 sec, 1 min., 3 min., 6
"a" Tm min., 15 min., 30 min., or
3.5 Suppressing Radar
Interference
Radar interference may occur when near an-
other shipbome radar operating in the same
frequency band as your radar. its on—screen
appearance is many bright dots either scat-
tered at random or in the form of dotted lines
extending from the center to the edge of the
display. Figure 3-5 illustrates interference in
the form of curved spokes. lnterierence ef-
fects are distinguishable from normal echoes
because they do not appear in the same place
on successive rotations of the scanner.
Figure 3-5 Radar interference
Four levels of interference are available, in-
cluding off; lR1, IR2, lFl3 and OFF. IRS pro-
vides the highest level of rejection.
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Select “OTHERS MENU" and press the
[AGO/ENTER] key.
[OTHERS]
Sateen-rimming“
"amen-ream.
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3. Select “8. Int Reject."
4. Select level desired by operating the
omnipad.
5. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
IR1, IR2 or IR3 appears at the bottom right
corner on the display when the interterence
rejection circuit is turned on.
3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth
Pulsewidth is the time in microseconds nec-
essary to transmit a single radar pulse. The
longer the pulsewidth the greater the direc-
tion range capability, however range accu-
racy and range resolution are reduced.
Pulsewidth can be selected to short or long
on the 1.5 and 3 nautical mile ranges.
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Select “OTHER MENU" and press the
[ACQ/ENTER] key.
3. Select “7. Pulselength."
4. Select Short or Long by pressing the
omnipad.
5. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to select.
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3.7 Guard Alarm
The guard alarm allows the operator to set
the desired range and bearing tor a guard
zone. When ships, islands. Iandmasses, etc.
violate the guard zone an audible alarm
sounds and the offending target blinks to call
the operator's attention.
& CAUTION
The guard alarm is a usetul anti-collision
aid, but does not relieve the operelor oi the
responsibility to also keep a visual lookout
for possible collision situations. The alarm
should never be used as the sole means
for detecting possible collision situations.
Selection of guard zone type
The guard alarm can be set to sound when a
target either enters or exits the guard zone.
You can select which type of guard alarm you
want through the menu.
In alarm
The alarm sounds on targets entering the
guard zone. “G (IN)" appears at the top right-
hand comer when the ln alarm is selected.
Out alarm
The alarm sounds on targets exiting the guard
zone. “G (OUT)' appears atthe top right-hand
comer when the Out alarm is selected.
Dashedlirrs: '
., no alarm
\ Guard /
zone
IN ALARM OUT ALARM
Figure 3-7 In and Out alarms
Selecting guard zone type
1. Press the [MENU] key, select ‘OTHERS
MENU," and then press the [ACQ/EN-
TER] key.
2. Select '17. Guard Mode” and “In“ (alarm
on target entering zone) or ‘Out” (alarm
on target exiting zone) by operating the
omnipad.
3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Setting a guard zone
1. Mentally create the guard zone you want
to set. Figure 3—8 shows an example.
2. Operate the omnipad to set the cursor on
point A (or B). Press the [GUARD] key.
“G (lN)" or “G (OUT): with asterisk blink-
ing, appears at the top right-hand comer
ot the display. See Figure 3-8 (2). (The
asterisk indicates the guard zone is par-
tially set.)
3. Operate the omnipad to set the cursor on
point C (or D). See Figure 3-8 (3).
4. Press the [GUARD] key. The asterisk dis-
appears. See Figure 3-8 (4).
Astor-k unify \
m m A . c "m
A o
s c f’
323°“
(t) Mentally create (2) Drug cursor to
the guard zone to set. top left corner of
zone and pros:
[GUARD].
E (IN)
14) Guard zone (3) Drag wise! lo
completed. bottom rimt corner
01 zone and press
lGUARD].
Figure 3-8 How to set the guard zone
Silencing the audible alarm
Any radar targets violating the guard zone
will trigger the audible alarm. You can silence
the audible alarm by pressing the [GUARD]
key. When this is done, “G(ACKN)” replaces
"G(IN).” This means the alarm is acknowl-
edged. Press the key again to reactivate the
alarm. You may select minimum echo stregth
which triggers the guard alarm. This can be
done at "20, Alm Sence LV' on the "OTHER
MENU."
Cancelling the guard zone and
guard alarm
Press and hold down the [GUARD] key until
the guard zone disappears.
Notes on the guard alarm
0 The alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but
does not relieve the operator of the re-
sponsibility to also keep a visual lookout
for possible collision situations.
0 When the radar range is less than one
half of the guard zone range, the guard
zone disappears and “G (IN)” or “G (0UT)”
appears in inverse video. Ifthis happens,
raise range to re-display the guard zone.
0 A target echo does not always mean a
landmass, reef, ships or surface objects
but can imply returns from sea surface or
precipitation. As the level ofthese returns
varies with environment, the operator
should properly adjust the A/C SEA, NC
RAIN and GAIN to be sure the alarm sys-
tem does not overtook target echoes.
3.8 Watchman
The watchman function periodically transmits
the radar for one minute to check for targets
in a guard zone. If it finds change in the zone
from the previous transmission it transmits
the radar continuously. This feature is useful
when you do not need the radar's function
continuously but want to be alerted to radar
targets in a specific area.
5,100r 1 min 5,100r
20 min 20 min
Watchman
starts.
Figure 3-9 How watchman walks
How watchman works
When the time selected for the watchman rest
period has elapsed. the radar automatically
transmlts for one minute to check the condi-
tion inside the guard zone. If there is no
change, the radar goes into stand-by.
("WATCHMAN“ appears during stand-by.) if
there is change, the radar sounds the audible
alarm, cancels the watchman function and
transmits continuously.
Turning on watchman
1. Create a guard zone (usually 360 de-
grees) with the guard alarm lunction.
Press the [MENU] key.
Select “OTHERS MENU."
Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
Select "15. Watchman.”
Operate the omnipad to select watchman
rest period; 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 20
minutes.
7. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
“WATCHMAN” appears at the top of the
screen, the radartransmits lor one minute to
check tor targets inside the guard zone, and
then the CFIT shuts off and the radar goes
into stand-by.
mmeew
Cancelling watchman
Go into the "OTHERS" menu, and set “15.
Watchman“ for OFF.
Note 1: Watchman can be used without a
guard zone.
Note 2: The alarm sounds just before the ra-
dar starts or stops transmitting.
3.9 Displaying Navigation Data
Navigation data can be displayed at the
screen bottom it this radar receives naviga-
tion input in IEC 61162 format. Navigation
data includes
0 Position in latitude and longitude or L0-
ren-C time ditlerences
0 Flange, bearing and time-to-go to both
waypolnt selected on the navigator and
the cursor
0 Speed.
(If the navigation input includes destination
data, the waypoint marker, shown by 3
dashed ring with a line extending from it to
the screen center appears. This marker can
be turned on/olf the “OTHER MENU”)
To turn navigation data on or off;
Press the [MENU] key.
Select “DISP DATA."
Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to select the
navigation display.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
PPNT‘
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r.”an”.....|,...t...i...i..t. WW
" +5155sz mm
mm, .w. mm .
sets we" “gm S‘Y‘W“
sud sun m'ou on m m B ‘
Figure 3—10 Typical navigation data display
3.10 OTHER MENU Description
The table below summarizes the OTHER menu.
Table 3-2 OTHER MENU Description
-a- 0mm...
. Panel Dimmer Selects level of panel becldight.
. Mark Brill Selects brilliance ot VRM, EBL, cursor, guard zone and WP marker.
. HD Mark Selects brilliance ol heading marker.
. Characters' Selects brilliance of characters.
. Trail Tone Selects brilliance of echo trails.
. Int Reject Selects level of interference rejection.
. Pulselength Selects puiselength lor 1.5 and 3 mile ranges.
. Noise Reiect Selects “On“ to reject noise.
9, Trail Time Selects the echo trail time.
10. Tune Selects automatic or manual tuning.
To tune manually;
1. Select ‘Menu" by the omnipad.
2. Press the [ENTER] key to enable manual tuning.
3. While pressing and holding down the [GAIN] control, operate the
omnipad to obtain best tuning condition, observing the tuning indicator
bar.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.
“MANUAL"
effect.
Select the down sourse to display.
Selects data to display: Nav, AFtP, or All (both Nav and ARP).
12. WPT Mark Selects “On" to display the waypoint marker.
13. EBL Ref Selects EBL reierence for relative or true.
14. VRM Unit Selects distance unit of VRM and cursor for nm, km or em.
15. Watchman Tums watchman on (set rest period) or oil.
16. STBY Disp Select the display to use at stand-by; display ‘STBY” or navigation date. or
go into the economy mode.
17. Guard Mode Select condition which triggers guard alarm; targets entering guard zone
appears at the top right-hand comer when manual tuning is in
(in), target exiting guard zone (out).
18. Own Position Select position display format; L/L on Loam TD.
. Cursor Posi Display the cursor data in range/bearing or lat/long.
. Aim Sense LV Select minimam echo strength which triggers guard alarm.
. Dead Sector Select “On“ to display the dead sector.
22. Range Select ranges to use.
23. Self Test Test keys, ROM and RAM; checks antenna rotation speed, and displays
program no.
. Installation Setup Displays to the installation setup menu.
‘Note: Level 1 and 2 are same brilliance while the menu is displayed. The brilliance changes
after the menu is erased.
3.11 Function Controls
The function controls (F1 and F2) work like
the auto-dialing feature of a telephone, auto-
matically executing the function assigned to
them. The function can be turned off by press-
ing appropriate lunction control again.
Default settings
F1: Shift (brief press) or Zoom (long press)
F2: Fling brilliance
How to register menu items
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Press [A/C SEA] (F1) or [NC RAIN] (F2)
to open the lunction menu.
[SETl'lNG FOR F1 KNOB]
OSeI by omnipai & press ENT.’
ear.
OFFSET m"
DISP
Figure 3—11 Function menu
3. Select function desired.
4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3.12 Suppressing Noise
Electrical noise can be suppressed by tum-
ing on ‘8. NOISE REJ" on the OTHERS
menu.
3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of
Markers
“2. Mark Brill" on the OTHER menu adjusts
the brilliance of markers otherthan the head-
ing marker.
3.14 Outputting Target Position
Radar target position data can be output to a
navaid in IEC 81162 format. Select the radar
target with the cursor, and then press and
hold down the ULL] key to output the data.
This function requires position data and head-
ing signal.
3.15 Dead Sector
When the scanner is installed at a close dis-
tance in front at the wheelhouse the radar
should be set not to transmit within that area,
to prevent microwave hazard. Ask your
FUFtUNO representative ordealerto provide
this feature.
4. FALSE ECHOES
Occasionally false echoes appear on the
screen at positions where there is no target.
In some cases the effects can be reduced or
eliminated. The operator should familiarize
himself or herself with the appearance and
effects of these false echoes. so as not to
confuse them with echoes from legitimate
contacts.
4.1 Multiple Echoes
Multiple echoes occur when a short range,
strong echo is received from a ship, bridge,
or breakwater. A second, a third or more ech-
oes may be observed on the display at
double, triple or other multiples of the actual
range of the target as shown in Figure 4-1.
Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced
and often removed by decreasing the sensi-
tivity or properly adjusting the NC SEA.
True
echo
llllli
El
Own shlp
Multiple
edto
Figure 4-1 Multiple echoes
4.2 SIde-Iobe Echoes
Every time the scanner rotates, some radia-
tion escapes on each side of the beam—
called "side—lobes." If a target exists where it
can be detected by the side-lobes as well as
the main-lobe, the side-lobe echoes may be
represented on both sides of the true echo
at the same range, as shown in Figure 4—2.
Side-lobes show usually only at short ranges
and from strong targets. They can be reduced
through careful reduction of the sensitivity or
proper adjustment of the A/C SEA.
Main-lobe True echo
/ Side-lobe
Sprious
target
Antenna
Figure 4.2 SideJobe echoes
4.3 Indirect Echoes
indirect echoes may be returned from either
a passing ship or returned from a reflecting
surface on your own ship, for example, a
stack. In both cases, the echo will return from
a legitimate contact to the scanner by the
same indirect path. The echo will appear on
the same bearing of the reflected surface, but
at the same range as the direct echo. Figure
4-3 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo.
Indirect echoes may be recognized as fol-
lows:
- they usually occur in a shadow sector
. they appear on the bearing of the obstruc-
tion but at the range of the legitimate con-
tact
- when plotted, their movements are usu-
ally abnormal, and
- their shapes may indicate they are not di-
rect echoes.
Direct
Indirect echo
echo
Heading
marker
-.. indirect
Indirect who
echo
Figure 4-3 Indirect echoes
4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path
of antenna may reduce the intensity of the
radar beam. if the angle subtended at the
antenna is more than a few degrees a blind
sector may be produced. Within the blind
sector small targets at close range may not
be detected while larger targets at much
greater ranges may be detected. See Figure
4—4.
V‘s" "n" Nhst, etc in
MW“ mm or renter
What hum
Whit
Blind seam /" "
[no echo] Siz- nl bind new
depends on wet
she errant-u.
Figure_4—4 Blind and shadow sectors
4.5 SART (Search and Rescue
Transponder)
A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)
may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) ra‘
dar within a range of approximately 8 n.miles.
Each radar pulse received causes it to trans-
mit a response which is swept repetitively
across the complete radar frequency band.
When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4
us) through the band before beginning a rela-
tively slow sweep (7.5 us) through the band
back to the starting frequency. This process
is repeated for a total of twelve complete
cycles. At some point in each sweep, the
SART frequency will match that of the inter»
rogating radar and be within the pass band
of the radar receiver. It the SART is within
range, the frequency match during each of
the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response
on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots
equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles
will be shown.
When the range to the SART is reduced to
about 1 nm, the radar display may show also
the 12 responses generated during the fast
sweeps. These additional dot responses,
which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm,
will be interspersed with the original line of
12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and
smaler than the original dots.
Screen A: When SART Screen B: when SART
I: elm In close
aadar mm
beam
/ wlmmfigm
anflgnll
Figure 4-5 SART display
Showing SART marks on the radar
display
To show the SART marks only on the radar
display, detune the radar receiver manualy.
This erases or weakens all normal radar ech—
oes, but, the SART marks are not erased be-
cause the SAFtT response signal scans over
all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the
radar approaches the SART in operation, the
SAFtT marks will enlarge to large arcs, blur-
ring a large part of the screen. Reduce the
sensitivity and adjust the sea clutter control
of the radar.
Summary to detect SART response
1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the
spacing between the SAFlT responses is
about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the
SART.
2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression.
3. Turn oil the Interference Rejector.
General remarks on receiving SART
Radar range scale
When looking for a SART it is preferable to
use either the 6 or 12 nautical mile range
scale. This is because the total displayed
length of the SART response of 12 (or 24)
dots may extend approximately 9.5 nautical
miles beyond the position 01 the SART and it
is necessary to see a number of response
dots to distinguish the SART from other re-
sponses.
SART range errors
When responses from only the 12 low fre
quency sweeps are visible (when the SART
is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the
position atwhich the first dot is displayed may
be as mush as 0.64 nm beyond the true po-
sition of the SART. When the range closes
so that the last sweep responses are seen
also, the first of these will be no more than
150 meters beyond the true position.
5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter tells you how to keep your ra-
car in good working order. Before reviewing
this chapter please read the safety informa-
tion which follows.
& DANGER
Tum off the power before
performing any malntenance or
troubleshooting procedure.
Hazardous voltages can shock, burn or cause death.
Only qualified personnel totally famillier with electrical
circuits should work inside the units.
RF RADIATION HAZARD
The radar scanner emis high frequency
radio radiation which can be harmful.
particularly to your eyes.
Never look directly into the scanner from a distance of
less than two feet when the radar Is in operation as
you could injure the cornea of your eyes. Always
make sure the radar is set to stand-by or is turned off
before starting work on the scanner unit.
5.1 Preventive Maintenance
Regular maintenance is important for good
performance. Always keep the equipment as
free as possible from dirt, dust, and water
splashes. Make sure all screws securing the
components are properly tightened.
A maintenance program should be estab-
lished and should at least include the items
listed in Table 5—1.
5.2 Replacing the Fuse
The fuse in the power cable protects the
equipment against reverse polarity of ships
mains, overcurrent. and equipment fault. If
the fuse blows, find the cause before replac-
ing it. Never use an incorrect fuse - serious
damage to the equipment may result and void
the warranty.
12V: 10A fuse
24/32V: 5A fuse
Use the proper fuse.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in
equipment damage.
Table 5—1 Recommended maintenance program
Exposed
nuts and
bolts on
scanner unit
corroded.
Scanner
radiator
6 months
lo 1 year
Display unit
WIHSCIOI’S corrosion.
Check for corroded or loosened
nuts and bolts. If necessary,
clean and repaint them thickly.
Replace them it heavily
Check for dirt and cracks on
radiator surface. Thick dirt should
be wiped off with soft cloth
dampened with fresh water. If a
crack is found, apply a slight
amount of sealing compound or
adhesive as a temporary
remedy. then call for repair.
Check for tight connection and
Sealing compound may be used
Instead of paint. Apply a small
amount of grease between nuts
and bolts for easy removal in
future.
Do not use plastic solvent
(acetone) for cleaning. If you
need to remove ice from scanner
unit, use a wooden hammer or
plastic head hammer. Crack on
the unit may cause water
ingress, causing serious
damages to internal circuits.
If corroded, contact your dealer
for replacement.
5.3 Troubleshooting
Table 5-2 contains simple troubleshooting
procedures which you can follow to try to re-
store normal operation. If you cannot restore
normal operation, do not attempt to check
inside any unit of the radar system. Any re-
pair work is best left to a qualified technician.
Table 5-2 Troubleshooting cable
If...
you pressed the
[POWER] key to turn
on the radar
- try adiusting the oontrol panel back-
Iighting on the OTHERS menu.
- battery may have discharged.
- check fuse in power cable.
- try adjusting the brilliance.
the control panel does
not light
nothing appears on
the display or display
contrast is poor
characters are
distorted
the scanner does not
rotate
- request service.
the radar has
warmed up and you
pressed the
- the problem may be in scanner unit.
Request service.
[STBY TX] key to characters and - have a qualified technlcian check the
transmit indcations are set.
abnormal
you have adjusted neither noise nor - check signal cable for damage.
the gain with NO targets appear
RAIN and NC SEA (indications and
off markers do)
neither indications nor
markers appear (noise
and targets do)
the sweep (radial line
sweeping around the
display) is not
synchronized with
scanner rotation
there is no change in - request service.
sensitivity
nothing happens - key may be faulty. Request service.
. check signal cable tor damage.
- the problem may be in the scanner
unit Request service.
a key is pressed
5.4 Self Test
The self test facility checks the keyboard,
ROM and RAM tor proper operation.
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Select “OTHER MENU".
3. Select “23. Sell Test" and press the [A001
ENTER] key. The following display ap-
pears.
[SollTut]
Key tesl: Press sum kemnd
check arr-screen indiut
moms rx
humans
mum in
pa? ox
my ox
mum
gum-me
manual:
wrruon
grE—mmi
usu- 1
(Pi-- MENU tw mums m)
Marianna. _
11 and alter is available
with MARK-2 series.
Figure 51 Self test screen
4. The ROM and RAM are automatically
checked. If NG (No Good) appears to the
right of ROM or RAM indication, contact
your dealer for advice. AFlP-10 TEST re-
sults appear only when optional AFlP-10
board is mounted.
5. To check the keyboard, press any key ex-
cept [AGO/ENTER] and [POWER] keys.
The pressed key's on-screen location
lights in black while the key is pressed, it
the key is operating properly.
6. Press the [ACQ/E NTER] key to check the
display circuit. The following pattern
should appear.
Figure 5-2 Test pattern
7. To return to the Self Test menu, press the
[MENU] key.
8. To escape from the sell test, press the
[MENU] key.
5.5 Life Expectancy of
Magnetron
The lollowing table shows the life expectancy
of the magnetrons.
Table 5-3 Life expectancy of magnetrone
(Including stand-by)
1942 M2
MG5389 0004 35-1 46
6. OPERATION OF ARP—10 (OPTION)
& WARNING
No one navigational aid should be relied
upon for the safety oi vessel and crew.
The navigator has the responsibility to
check all aids available to confirm
position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational
principles and common sense.
- This auto plotter automatically tracks an
automatically or manually acquired radar
target and calculates its course and
speed, indicating them by a vector. Since
the data generated by the auto plotter
are based on what radar targets are
selected, the radar must always be
optimally tuned for use with the auto
plotter, to ensure required targets will not
be lost or unwanted targets such as sea
returns and noise will not be acquired
and tracked.
- A target does not always mean a land-
mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels
but can imply returns from sea surface
and clutter. As the level of clutter changes
with environment, the operator should
properly adjust the NC SEA, A/C RAIN
and GAIN controls to be sure target
echoes are not eliminated from the
radar screen.
& CAU'I10N
The plotting accuracy and response of
this auto plotter meets IMO standards.
Tracking accuracy Is attested by the
following:
- Tracking accuracy is affected by course
change. One to two minutes is required to
restore vectors to full accuracy after an
abrupt course change. (The actual
amount depends on gyrocompass
specifications.)
- The amount of tracking delay is inversely
proportional to the relative speed of the
target. Delay is on the order of 15—30
seconds lor high relative speed; 30—60
seconds ior low relative speed.
Display accuracy is affected by the
following:
e Echo intensity
0 Radar transmission pulsewidth
. Radar bearing error
. Gyrocompass error
0 Course change (own ship or target)
Thls AFlPA board is not available with
42 rpm radar.
NOTICE
Heading data required for plotting functlo .
6.1 General
The Auto Plotter ARP-10 is an optional cir-
cuit board which is accommodated in the dis-
play unit of this radar (24 rpm only) radars. It
requires heading data to function.
The Auto Plotter permits manual or automatic
acquisition and automatic tracking 01 up to
10 radar targets. An internal microprocessor
calculates target data such as speed and
course and displays the results in alphanu-
meric data and by vector. To ensure the reli-
ability ol the displayed target data, the radar
must be properly adiusted for minimum sea
returns and noise.
Principal specifications
Acquisition and tracking
- Acquisition of up to 10 targets between
0.2 and 16 nm.
. Automatic tracking of up to 10 acquired
targets between 0.1 and 16 nm
Vectors
Vector length: 30 s. 1, 3, 6, 15, 30 min.
True velocity or relative ve-
locity
On'entation:
Past positions: 5 past positions at intervals
of 15, 30 s, 1, 2, 3, 6 min.
Visual and audible alarms
against targets violating CPA!
TCPA limits, Visual alarm
against lost targets
Alarm:
Target discrimination: A target measuring
abouth m or more in the radial or circum-
lerential direction is regarded as a landmass
and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller
than about 800 m are regarded as true tar-
gets.
Keys used for auto plotter
The ARP-10 uses the lollowing touchpad
keys. Given below is a brief description oi
these keys.
MENU: opens/closes the main menu.
SELECT/CANCEL:
A long press terminates plotting of the target
selected with the cursor, and a briet press
displays the data 01 the target selected with
the cursor.
AGO/ENTER: Acquires the target selected
with the cursor.
6.2 ARP-10 MENU Operation
The ARP-10 MENU contains the following
items.
Display: Turns onlotf the plot symbols. past
positions and target data.
All Cancel: Cancels the tracking ol all
targets.
Vector Ref: Selects relative or true vectors.
To select your choice, open the ARP-10
menu. Select “3 Vector Rel” to Relative or
Ture, and then, press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
Vector Length: Selects vector time.
History: Selects past position plot interval.
CPA Set: Selects CPA alarm limit. When a
target is predicted to come within this limit,
an audible alarm sounds and at the same time
the corresponding target symbol changes to
a blinking triangle.
Note: If the preset CPA limit is set at OFF, a
target which is on collision course will not
produce an alarm.
TCPA Set: Selects TCPA alarm limit.
Auto ACQ: Tums on/off Auto Acquisition Area.
Activating the auto plotter
To activate the Auto Plotter, lollow the steps
shown below.
1. Adjust the GAIN, NC SEA and NC RAIN
controls for proper radar picture.
2. Press the [MENU] key to open the main
menu.
3. Select“AFlP—10 MENU.”
4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to display
the ARP menu.
(whinul
ESE. l.
2§
on
an
MOI
-1ss
N“
-o;-:-;..
mm
-m
M 9h
9225
Figure 6-1 ARP Menu
5. Select the menu item "1. Display."
6. Select "On."
7. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Deactivating the auto plotter
To deactivate the Auto Plotter;
1. Open the “ARP—to MENU."
Select the “1 . Display."
Select “Off.”
Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
NP’PN
Target under auto tracking but not
selected for cursor data reading
Target Full
Mark
Lest Target
Target selected
for data reading
Auto
Acquisition
Area
Threatening
target
BEAR 42. ‘T COURSE287 T
TRUE VECTOR RkNG'gG 5.32504 SPEED 125 Ame PlOflQf
15 MIN CPA 2m TCFA 12:36 Dala Area
gm“
Figure 6-2 AHPA display
6.3 Acquiring Targets
Manual acquisition
Follow the steps below to manually acquire
a target. Up to 10 targets can be manually
acquired.
1. Place the cursor (+) on a target of inter-
est by operating the omnipad.
2. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
The plot symbol changes its shape accord-
ing to the status as below. A vector appears
in about one minute after acquisition indicat—
ing the target's motion trend. It the target is
consistently detected for three minutes, the
plot symbol changes to a solid mark. If ao-
quisition fails, the target symbol blinks and
disappears shortly thereafter.
. _ . SQUARE (dotted)
Immediately after acquisition - Plot symbol
shown in broken lines.
If SQUARE (dotted with a vector)
One minute after acquisition - Vector still un-
reliable.
G/ CIRCLE (Solid with a vector)
3 minutes after acquisition - Plot symbol
changes to a solid circle indicating the stable
tracking condition.
6 LARGE CIRCLE
The plot symbol of a target under tracking
becomes twice as large as the normal sym-
bol when the target is selected for data read-
ing.
Note 1: The target to be acquired should be
within 0.2 to 16 rim lrom own ship and not
obscured by sea or rain clutter for success-
tul acquisition.
Note 2: When you want to acquire 11th tar-
get, cancel tracking of the one of less impor-
tant targets.
Note 3: When the auto acquisition mode
(Auto A00) is on, up to five targets can be
acquired. For details, see next section titled
Automatic Acquisition.
When a tracked target nears another
tracked target, the targem may be
“swapped." When two targets come close
to each other, one of the two can become
a "lost target." Should this happen,
reacquisition of the "lost target" is required
alter the two targets have separated.
Automatic acquisition
The Auto Plotter ARP—to can acquire up to
five targets automatically by setting the Auto
Acquisition area predefined in the system. if
Auto ACQ is selected alter more than five tar-
gets have been manually acquired, only the
remaining capacity oi targets can be auto-
matically acquired. (For example; when
seven targets are acquired manually. and
then the Auto A00 is switched on only three
targets can be acquired automatically.) When
five targets have been automatically ac-
quired, "AUTO TARGET FULL" message
appears at top left corner on the display.
Setting auto acquisition area
Auto acquisition area is predefined between
2.0 and 2.5 nm in range and 45° on either
side of the heading marker in bearing. if a
target come into this area, it is acquired au-
tomatically.
Figure 6-3 Auto acquisition area
Follow the steps shown below to activate the
auto acquisition area.
1. Open the “AFlP~10 MENU.”
Select “8. Auto ACQ."
Select “On."
Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
Press the [MENU] key to close the menu,
WP?!“
Termlnatlng Tracking of Targets
When the Auto Plotter has acquired 10 tar—
gets, no more acquisition occurs unless tar-
gets are lost. Should this happen, cancel
tracking of individual targets or all targets by
the procedure described below.
individual targets
Place the cursor (+) on a target which you do
not want to be tracked any longer by operat-
ing the omnipad and press and hold down
the [SELECT/CANCEL] key.
All targets
All targets can be canceled from ‘ARP-10
MENU" at a time.
1. Open the ‘ARP~10 MENU.”
2. Select “2. All Cancel."
3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
6.4 Displaying Target Data
The Auto Plotter calculates motion trends
(range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and
TCPA) of all targets under tracking at the ARP
Data area.
To turn ARP data on;
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Select ‘DlSP DATA."
3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to select the
message for “APP" or ‘NAV” or l‘ARF'."
4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
At the speed under 5 kts the target data is
displayed with a delay because of
filtration.
Place the cursor on a wanted target and press
the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. Data on the se-
lected target is displayed at the bottom of the
screen. The symbol of the selected target
gets twice as large as the normal circle. The
data includes the following:
RNGIBHG (Range/Bearing): Range and
beefing from own ship to the last-plotted or
selected target position with suffix “T' (True)
or “M" (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix “T"
is used in case of gym-compass input and suf-
lix ‘M' is used in case of magnetic compass
input. '
COURSE/SPEED (Course/Speed): Course
and speed are displayed for the last-plotted
or selected target with suffix ‘T' (True) or “M"
(Magnetic). For true bearings suffix 'T" is used
in case of gyrocompass input and suffix ‘M"
is used in case of magnetic compass input.
CPA (Closest Point of Approach): is the
closest range a target will approach to own
ship. Do not mix it with the operator preset
CPA alarm limit.
TCPA: The time to CPA measured with
present speeds of own ship and the targets.
Both CPA and TCPA are automatically cal-
culated. When a target ship has passed clear
of own ship, the CPA is displayed and the
TCPA appears as “""."'. TCPA is counted up
to 99.9 min. and beyond 0135 it is indicated
as TCPA>99.9 mln.
6.5 Mode and Length of
Vectors
True or relative vector
(vector mode)
Target vectors are displayed relative to own
ships reading (Relative) or with reference to
North (True). Own ship does not have a vec-
tor in relative mode.
Vector length
From the ARP-10 MENU. Vector Length can
be set to 30 seconds, 1. 3, 6. 15 or 30 min-
utes and the selected vector time is indicated
on the screen.
The vector tip shows an estimated position
of the target after the selected vector time
elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vec-
tor length to evaluate the risk of collision with
any target.
6.6 Past Position Display
The Auto Plotter displays equally time-spaced
dots (maximum live dots) marking the past
positions of any targets being tracked.
lt a target changes its speed, the spacing will
be uneven. If it changes course, its plotted
course will not be a straight line in TM mode.
To turn past position display an or off do the
following:
1. Open the ARP-10 menu.
2. Select History.
3. Select plot enterval among 15. 30 sec-
onds. 1, 2, 3 or 6 minutes. Select OFF to
arose the past position display.
4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
5. Press the [MENU] key.
6.7 Operational Warnings
There are two main situations which cause
the AFtP-1O to trigger visual and audible
alarms:
. CPA/T CPA alarm
- Lost target alarm
CPA/T CPA alarm
fix CAU110N
The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should
never be relied upon as a sole means for
detecting the risk of collision.
The navigator Is not relieved of the
responsibility to keep visual lookout lor
avoiding collisions, whether or not the
radar or other plotting aid is in use.
Visual and audible alarm are generated when
the predicted CPA and TCPA of any target
become less than their preset limits. The au-
dible alarm continues for 10 seconds.
The AFtP-10 continuously monitors the pre-
dicted range at the Closest Point 01 Approach
(CPA) and predicted time to CPA (T CPA) 01
each tracked target to own ship.
When the predicted CPA of any target be-
comes smaller than a preset CPAaIan'n range
and its predicted TCPA less than a preset
TCPA alarm limit, the AFlP-10 releases an
audible alemt. In addition, the target plot sym-
bol changes to a triangle and flashes together
with its vector. The flashing of the triangle plot
symbol and vector remain on the screen un-
til the dangerous situation is no Iongerpresent
or you intentionally terminate tracking of the
target by using the [SELECT/CANCEL] key.
Provided that this feature is used correctly, it
will help prevent the risk of collision by alert-
ing you to threatening targets. It is important
that GAlN, NC SEA, A/C FIAIN and other
radar controls are properly adjusted and the
Auto Plotter is set up so that it can track tar-
gets effectively.
CPA/T CPA alarm ranges must be set up prop-
erly taking into consideration the size, ton-
nage, speed, iuming performance and other
characteristics of own ship.
Foilowthe steps shown below to set the CPA/
TCPA alarm ranges:
1. Open the “ARP—10 MENU."
2. On the “CPA Set" line, select a CPA limit
desired. (Off, 0.5, 1,2, 3, 5,6 nm)
3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key.
4. On the ‘TCPA Set" line, select a TCPA
limit desired. (305, 1, 2, 3. 4. 5, 6, 12M)
5. Press me [ACQ/ENTER] key.
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Lost target alarm
When the system detects a loss of a tracked
target, the target symbol becomes a flashing
diamond.
Index
Acquisition
AIC AUTO ke
AGO/ENTER key.
A/C RAIN control.
A/C SEA control
Auto plotter
Bearing measurement
Bllnd sectors.
Brilliance...
BRlLL key
Course Up.
CPA/TCPA alarm .
Dead sector.......,......u...
EBL
Echo stretch ,
Echo lrail ..
Economy mode
Function controls (F1. F2)
Fuse
Gain comrol
Guard alarm
Guard alarm sensmvl
Guard key.
Guard zone .
Head up
Heading ma 9
Indirect echoes
Interference
Lost target alarm 6-7
Magnetron . 5-3
Maintenance 5-1
Multiple Echoe 4-1
Menu tree
Navigation data
Noise ......
North marker
North up
OTHERS menu
Ottcenter
Offset EBL .
POWER key.
Pulselength
Range key ...........
Range measureme
Range rings
SELECT/CHANCEL key
Self Test (keyboard, RAM, ROM)
Sensltlvlty
Shadow Sectors
Side-lobe Echoes
Stand-by.“
sr BY/TX key
System configuration.
TLL key A
Trail tone
Trail time
Transmitting
Troubleshooting .
Vector length
Vector mode
VRM
Watchman
Zoom.
©FURUNO ELECTRIC CO, , LTD. dour Local Asant/flnler
9-52. Ashihxrn-cho.
nixhinuiya, Japan 562
Telflhone: 0798-55-21 I I
Telefax: ”98-55-4200
Frill!“ In Jinn
, I] H E - 3 4 5 2 I]
ma $332“ 942 mx-z MFFFPFAI!!!“

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