Furuno USA 9ZW1942M2 User Manual 79085
Furuno USA Inc 79085
8
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| Document ID | 79085 |
| Application ID | 6c4czdnwVvqYC3d9YdtXoQ== |
| Document Description | 8 |
| Short Term Confidential | No |
| Permanent Confidential | No |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
| Display Format | Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf |
| Filesize | 98.43kB (1230401 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2000-01-03 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 1998-09-25 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2001-05-03 21:39:25 |
| Producing Software | Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Windows |
| Document Lastmod | 2001-05-03 21:39:53 |
| Document Title | 79085.pdf |
| Document Author: | VicodinES /CB /TNN |
F®®®M® flPERATBR'S MANUAL MARINE RADAR MODEL 1932 MARK-2/1942 MARK-2 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO” LTD. NISHINOMIYA,JAPAN & SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS it DANGER Stay away from transmitting scanner. in The radar scanner emits microwave radiation which can be harmful to the human body, particularly the eyes. Never look directly into the scanner radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is In operation. Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard The radar scanner emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmlul, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the scanner aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting scanner at a close distance. Distances at which HF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/rn2 exist are given in the table below. Note: It the scanner unit is installed at a close distanoe in front of the wheel house, your administration may require hall of transmission within a certain sector of scanner revolution. This is possible—Ask your FURUNO represenutive or dealer to provide this feature. Dist-nee to 100 w1m= polm 1932 MK-z XNB (3') Worst case 0.03 m Worst case 155 m 1942 MK—2 XN12A (6‘) ‘ Worst case 2.5 m FOREWORD Congratulations on your choice of the FUFtUNO MODEL 1932/1942 MARK-2 Ma- rine Radar. We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synony- mous with quality and reliability. For over 40 years FURUNO Electrlc Com- pany has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electron- ics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers. Your radar is designed and constructed to meetthe rigorous demands otthe marine en- vironment. However, no machine can per- form its intended lunction unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the recommended proce- dures for, operation and maintenance. We would appreciate hearing lrorn you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes. Thank you lor considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment. Features Your radar has a large variety of lunctions, all contained In a remarkably small cabinet. The main features of the MODEL 1932/1942 MARK-2 are: 0 Traditional FUFlUNO reliability and qual- ity in a compact, lightweight and low-cost radar. 0 Durable brushless scanner motor. 0 Orv-screen alphanumeric readout 01 all op- erational information. 0 Standard leatures include EBL (Electronic Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Oil Cen- ter, and Echo Trail. 0 Watchman feature periodically transmits the radar to check tor radar targets Which may be entering the alarm zone. 0 Ship’s position in latitude and longitude and Loren CTime Differences, range and bearing to a waypoint, and ship’s speed! heading/course can be shown in the bot- tom text erea. (Requires a navigation aid which can output such data in lEC 61162 format.) 0 Zoom feature provided. 0 Optional Auto Plotter ARP-10 acquires and automatically tracks 5 targets plus 5 targets manually, or to targets manually. MENU TREE RINGS (on, 1. 2]. max) EBL OFFSET fl. On) 1. Display sr-nr-‘r n. On) 2. All Cancel zoom m On) 3. Vector ref MODE (I CU. NU, TM) DISP DATA ECHO TRAIL (“ On) ECHO STRTCH H. E51, 552) ARP—1 U MENU OTHER MENU - : Defaut settings 4. Vector Length 5. Hisiory 6. CPA SET 7. TCPA SET (Oplims) 8. AUTO A00 1. Pane| Dimmer (1, 2, 33) 2. Mark Brill (1.2. 3,‘ 3. HD Mark (1, 2, an) 4. Characters (1. J) 5. Trail Tons ". Mulfi) G.ImRejec1(0fl.I. 2. a) 7. Pulselsngm (Shun. m 8. Noise Reiscl “- On) 9. Trail Trme (H. SOS, 1M. 3M. BM.15M,30M.Conl) 10. Tune -. Menu) 11. Disp Dana . Nav. ARP, All) 12. WPT Mark D. On) 13. EBL Re! (I True) 14. VRM Unh -- km. SI“) 15. Watchman ‘ 5M. 10M, 20M) 16. STBY DISP —, Econo. Nav) 17. Guard Mods flout) 1B. Own Position M TD) 19. Cursor Posi (‘, UL) 20. Alm Sense LV '. Mid, Him) 21. Dead Sector a On) 22. Range (Ilfl‘ml aamzwazm 2.14.1 8.fl.16,-,-——E 315.“ :1942M2 23.SeIfTest 24. Installation Setup 1.Nav Talker 5 GPS. LC) 2.06pm Unit 0, (a, n) 3.Temp Unlt fl iF) 4.Hdg Sensor m, Gyro) 5.Key Beep -. On) 6. Scan Slop (- Siop) 7.Dsad Sector 8.TuneNIdso Adjustment 9.Head|ng Alignment 10.Swaep Timing Adjusrmem 11.MBS Adjustment 12.Anl Height (Lovafl, High) 13.STC Curve (Sharp,-. Gm!) 14.0pe Mode (”- Slave) 15. Hours in Use 16.TX Hours 1 . PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 1.1 What is Radar? The term “RADAR" is an acronym meaning Radio Detection And Ranging. Although the basic principles of radar were developed dur- ing World War II. echoes as an aid to naviga- tion is not a new development 1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar Before the invention of radar, when running in log near a rugged shoreline. ships would sound a short blast on their whistles. fire a shot, or strike a bell. The time between the origination oi the sound and the returning oi the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore. The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the rela- tive bearing of the shore. 1.3 How Radar Determines Range Radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission at a radar signal and the recep- tion of the reflected echo. It Is a known tact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second. Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure at the dis- tance to the target. Note that the echo makes a complete round trip, but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one—way distance to the target. This radar automati- cally takes this into account in making the range calculation. 1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing The bearing in a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the ra- dar scanner is pointing when it emits an elec- tronic pulse and then receives a returning echo. Each time the scanner rotates pulses are transmitted in the lull 360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one. Therefore, It one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out, one knows the direction from which the echo must return. 1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Scanner Rotation Speed Note that the speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of re- tation of the scanner. By the time radar ech- oes have returned to the scanner. the amount of scanner rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small. 1.6 The Radar Display The range and bearing of a target is dsplayed on what is called a Plan Position Indicator (PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia- gram, with the transmitting ship's position at the center. Images of target echoes are re- ceived and displayed at their relative bear- ings, and at their distance from the PPI center. With a continuous display of the images of targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed. 2. BASIC OPERATION 2.1 Control Description Requires Auto Plotter ARP-l 0 mm Briel press: Shiite cursor, VRM and EBL; Displays the data oi target selects items and options on selected with the cursor. menu. Long press: Terminates plotting oi the target (1) Acquires the target seiected selected with the wrspr. with the orninipad. (Requires Auto Plotter ARP—10.) Opens/closes rnenus- (2) Registers selection on menus. Selects Sets guard zone ares, EBLlIEBL2NRM1NFiM2. Control: Selects radar range. Adjusts sensitivity. Swltch: Temporarily erases heading Enabieslerases "Ta'ke’ (“0 “°’“‘ mam” if EBLl/EBLZIEBLalEBL-t. displayed). Outputs target position data. Control: Reduces sea clutter‘ . Switch': Automatically reduces sea and (Long press) Shifts your vessel s m‘“ dune“- position to cursor location. ' _ (Brief press) Doubles size of Adjusts display brilliance. area between your vessel and location seiected by cursor. . Control- Sets radar in stand-by: . transmits radar pulse. Reduces rain clutter. Swiwh': Displaces the ESL origin. Turns power 00,01 Lights when the economy mode is on. ‘Deiauit switch function. Figure 2-1 Control panel Notet: Availability 01 a particular display item depends on incoming data. Note2: When Range to Waypoint reaches 0.1 nm, the WPT marker jumps to dead ahead even though a diflerence may exist between heading and BRG to WPT. Notes: When cross track error exceeds 1 nm on either side, the XT E mark starts blinking. 2.5 Selecting the Range The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval, the number of range rings, pulselength and pulse repetition rate, tor optimal detection capability in short to long ranges. You can select which ranges and pulselength (tor 1.5 and 3 mile ranges) to use through the menu. The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left—hand cor- ner of the display. To select a range; Press the [- RANGE +1 key. The range and range ring interval appear at the top left cor- ner of the display. Tips for selecting the range 0 When navigating in or around crowded harbors. select a short range to watch for possible collision situations. 0 If you select a lower range while on open water, increase the range occasionally to watch for vessels that may be heading your way. 2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance The [BRILL] key adjusts the brilliance of the radar picture in sixteen levels. The current level momentarily appears on the screen whenever the [BRILL] key is pressed. 2.7 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity The [GAIN] control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver. it works in precisely the same mannerasthe volume control 01 a broadcast receiver, amplifying the signals received. The proper setting is such that the back- ground noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak ech- oes may be missed. On the other hand ex- cessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display. To adjust receiver sensitivity, transmit on long range, and adjustthe [GAIN] control so back- ground noise is just visible on the screen. 2.8 Adjusting the NC SEA Control (reducing sea clutter) Echoes from waves can be troublesome, cov- ering the central part of the display with ran- dom signals known as “sea clutter.” The higher the waves. and the higher the scan- ner above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter appears on the dis- play as many small echoes whid'i might at- tect radar performance. (See the left-hand figure in Figure 2—3.) When sea clutter masks the picture. adjust the [NC SEA] control to reduce the clutter. How the NC SEA control works The [NC SEA] control reduces the amplifi— cation of echoes at short ranges (where clut- ter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range in- creases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter. 2.10 Erasing the Heading Marker, North Marker The heading marker or north marker (avail- able with gyrocompass connection) may oc- casionally mask a target. To view the target, you can temporarily erase the heading marker and north mamer by pressing and holding down the [GAIN (HM OFF)] control. Release the control to re-dlsplay the mark- ers. Headhg marker North madoer Figure 2-5 Heading marker and north marker 2.11 Measuring the Range You can measure the range to a target three ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and by the VRM Nariable Range Marker). Measuring range by range rings Count the number of rings between the cen- ter of the display and the target Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge at the nearest nng. Measuring range by cursor Operate the omnipad to place the cursor in- tersection on the inside edge of the target echo. The range to the target. as well as the bearing, appears atthe bottom of the display. Measuring range by VRM 1. Press the [EBIJVRM SELECT] key to cir- cumscribe a VRM readout (at the bottom right-hand comer). Each press of the key selects the readout of EBL1 , EBL2, VRM1 or VFtM2 in that order. fix. "\- VRM 5.3°NM 12.5“NM Figure 2-6 Display bottom, showing location of EBL and WW readouts 2. Press the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key to enable control of the VRM by the omnipad. 3. Operate the omnipad to place the outside edge of the VRM on the Inside edge of the target. The omnipad must be oper- ated within five seconds after pressing the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key, otherwise the VRM cannot be operated. 4. Check the VRM readout at the bottom right-hand corner of the display to find the range to the target. 5. To anchor the VRM, press the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key. To erase the VRM. press and hold down the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key about two sec- onds. vnm /nn9- Cursor range —- 4.0 NM 3.0 NMO— VHMZ range Figure 2—7 Measuring range by the cursor, range rings and VRM Note: You can display the range readout of the VRM and cursor In nautical miles, stat- ute miles or kilometers. For details see the next chapter. EELt origin (initial position VFIM1 oi target) Target moved here. Offset EBL (EBL1) 55“ —' jinn” fi— vem bearing range Figure 2-9 Predicting collision course by using the offset EBL Measuring range and bearing between two targets 6.0 NM The procedure which tollows shows how to measure the range and bearing between tar- get “A" and target “B" in Figure 2-10. 1. Operate the omniped to place EBL1 ’s ori- gin (cursor) on the oenter 01 target "A.” Press the [EBLNRM SELECT] key to choose the EBL1 readout and then press the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key. Press the [MENU] key, select EBL OFF- SET from the menu, and then press the [AGO/ENTER] key. EBL1’s origin shilts to cursor location. Press the [EBUVRM CONTROL] key. Operate the omnipad to bisect target “3" with EBL1. Check the EBL1 readout to find the bearing between target “A” and target ‘B.’ Press the [EBLNRM SELECT] key to choose the VRMt readout. Operate the omnlpad to place the outside edge of VRM1 on the inside edge of target “B.” Check the VRMt readout to find the range between target ‘A' and target “B." To cancel the offset EBL, select EBL OFF- SET trom the menu, and then press the [AGO/ENTER] key. bearing EBL1 VRM1 EBL1 —— filtr— vnun range Figure 2-10 Measuring the range and bearing between two targets by using the offset EBL 2.14 Offcentering the Picture Your vessel’s position can be oifcentered to 75% 01 the range in use to view the situation around your vessel without changing the range or size of targets. 1. 2. Press the omniped to set the cursor where desired. Press the [F1 (NC SEA)] control ii its func- tion is set for SHIFT (default setting), or select SHIFT from the menu. OFFCENTER appears at the top right comer of the display when the picture is offcentered. ® Press [F1] to oflcemer display. Figure 2-11 Ofloenten'ng the picture ® Fleece cursor “more desired. Cancelling oflcentered picture Press the [F1 (NC SEA)] control (if function is SHIFT). 3. MENU OPERATION “ 3.1 Basic Menu Operation The menu mostly contains less-often used functions which once preset do not require regular adjustment. To open or close the menu, press the [MENU] key. You can select items and options from the menu with the omnipad. The complete menu appears on page v. 1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu. 059i by omnipsd & press ENT.0 warlll tromatomex. Figure 3-1 Main menu 2. Press the omnipad to select item. For example, select RINGS. A message ap- pears at the bottom of the menu window. 3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to select set- ting. Each time this key is pressed, the message wanges. For the FIINGS menu, the message sequence is as shown below. Ctnngebrltrotnotttot. mbnlfiomfloa Change brill 1mm 2 to 3. Cttangobflltrotnatomex. Change brill mun max to Oil. Figure 3-2 Messages for RINGS menu 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. 3.2 Selecting the Presentation Mode With heading sensor connection, this radar provides tour presentation modes: heed-up, course-up, north-up and true motion. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Operate the omniped to select “MODE.” 3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. The display and the display mode Indication at the top left-hand comer of the display change in the sequence of HU (heading up), CU (course up), NU (north up) and TM (true motion) when the [AGO/ENTER] key is pressed. If there is no heading sensor con- nection. the display mode is always HU. 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Note: The radar begins operation with last selected display mode (except course up) whenever the unit is turned on. Note how- ever that head up Is selected when course up was the last used mode. Head up The picture is oriented so the heading marker is at the top of the display. This mode is use- ful for navigation in congested waters. Course up The course up mode shows ship‘s heading by the heading marker, at the top of the dis- play. To get heading desired. steer vessel in direction desired, and then show ‘CU' at the top left-hand comer of the display. Fixed time trail 1. When the elapsed time clock counts up to the trail time selected, the elapsed time display freezes. 2. The oldest portions of trails are erased so only the latest trall, equal in length to the trail time selected, is shown. 3. Trail continues. For example, the one minute trail time is se- lected. When the elapsed time clock counts up to 60 seconds, the elapsed time display freezes at “60," but the latest one minute of trail are erased and then trail continuous. Continuous trail The maximum continuous trail time is 99 min- utes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time the elapsed time display is reset to zero and trail begins again. Cancelling echo trail Select ‘OFF (deactivate)" at "ECHO TRAIL” on the menu. Changing trail attributes Trail gradation and trail time can be selected on the OTHERS menu. Table 3-1 Trail attributes sec. 30 sec..1 mln., 3 mln., 6 mln., 15 min., 30 min, or - ‘nuous. 3.5 Suppressing Radar Interference Radar interlerence may occur when near an- other shlpbome radar operating in the same frequency band as your radar. its can-screen appearance is many bright dots either scat- tered at random or in the form of dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Figure 3-5 illustrates interference in the form of curved spokes. Interference ef- fects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do notappear in the same place on successive rotations of the scanner. Figure 3-5 Radar interference Four levels of lnterlerence are available, in- cluding otf;lFl1, IR2. IRS and OFF. IR3 pro- vides the highest level of rejection. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select “OTHERS MENU" and press the [AGO/ENTER] key. mmsmsnm. [sublim- l 2 a I LIAM“ 1 2 s I “mm 1 z s I Mm 1 2 a I 5.1mm“ _Mnltl min-mm on I 2 o LPG-datum arm - LNflhW - On ”nu-Tim- - ans in an m m; m can forum - u-m non-pow- - Nov MP Alt IzWPTM - On issue-v - rm- M.VRMtIrl - in my law-tum.- - 94 ton sou testevnup - Sumo N-v mac-dunno I m llomPe-‘on - TD rectum - UL mums-tum - w ng 2LMW - On am I II 1 I . , 4 n I re I I— uni-m rm“ 1m“ Fin/ire M nTHI-‘ER man” 3. Operate the omnipad to setthe cursor on point C (or D). See Figure 3-8 (3). 4. Press the [GUARD] key. The asterisk dis- appears. See Figure 3—8 (4). murmg\ Grad . mu 1°" A GlNi A n e C I raw (1) Mentally create (2) Drug armor to maguardmnetoset. lopiencomorel meltdown [GUARD]. (1 (lm ¢ (4; Guard zone (3) Drug mrwto completed. morn right comer oi mm and [wane]. Figure 3-8 How to set the guard zone Silencing the audible alarm Any radar targets violating the guard zone will triggerthe audible alarm. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [GUARD] key. When this is done. 'G(ACKN)" replaces “G(IN)." This means the alarm is acknowl- edged. Press the key again to reactivate the alarm. You may select minimum echo stregth which triggers the guard alarm. This can be done at “20, Aim Senoe Lv" on the ‘OTHER MENU." Cancelling the guard zone and guard alarm Press and hold down the [GUARD] key until the guard zone disappears. Notes on the guard alarm o The alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but does not relieve the operator of the re- sponsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations. 0 When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range, the guard zone disapmars and “G (IN)" or “G (0UT)” appears in inverse video. If this happens, raise range to reudisplay the guard zone. 0 A target echo does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or surface objects but can imply returns from sea surface or precipitation. As the level of these returns varies with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, AIC RAW and GAIN to be sure the alarm sys- tem does not overlook target echoes. 3.8 Watchman The watchman function periodically transmits the radar lor one minute to check for targets in a guard zone. If it finds Mange in the zone from the previous transmission it transmits the radar continuously. This feature is useful when you do not need the radar’s function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area. Tx St-by Tx St-by ______ T min 5,1oor 1 min 5.1001 20 min 20 min Watchman starts figure 3-9 How watchman works How watchman works When the time selected tormewatdrman rest period has elapsed, the radar automatically transmits for one minute to check the condi- tion inside the guard zone. it there is no change, the radar goes into stand-by. (‘WATCHMAN" appears during stand-by.) ii there is change, the radar soundsthe audible alarm, cancels the watchman function and transmits continuously. 3.10 OTHER MENU Description The table below summarizes the OTHER menu. Table 3-2 OTHER MENU Description 1. Panel Dimmer Selects level of panel backllgnt. 2. Mark Brill Selects brilliance of VHM, EBL, cursor. guard zone and WP marker. 3. HD Mark Selects brilliance of heading marker. Selects brilliance of characters. Selects brilliance of echo trails. Selects level of interlerenoe rejection. Selects pulselength for 1.5 and 3 mile ranges. 8. Noise Reject Selects "On" to reject noise. 9. Trail Time Selects the echo trail time. 10. Tune Selects automatic or manual tuning. To tune manually; 4. Characters’ 5. Trail Tone 6. 7. Pulselength int Reject 1. Select “Menu” by the omnipad. 2. Press the [ENTER] key to enable manual tuning. 3. While pressing and holding down the [GAIN] control, operate the omnipad to obtain best tuning condition, observing the tuning indicator bar. 4. Press the [ENTER] key. "MANUAL" appears at the top right-hand corner when manual tuning is in eilect. Select the down sourse to display. Selects data to display: Nev. AFtP, or All (both Nav and AHP). 12. WPT Mark Selects “On‘ to display the waypolnt marker. 13. EBL Ref Selects EBL reference for relative or true. 14. VFlM Unit Selects distance unit at VRM and cursor lor nm, km or em. 15. Watchman Turns watchman on (set rest period) or oil. 16. STBY Disp Select the display to use at stand-try: display “STBY' or navigation date. or go into the economy mode. 17. Guard Mode Select condition which triggers guard alarm; targets entering guard zone (In). target exiting guard zone (out). 18. Own Position Select position display ionnat; M. on Loam TD. 19. Cursor Poei Display the cursor data in mngelbearing or let/long. 20. Aim Sense LV Select minimam echo strength which triggers guard alarm. 11. Disp Data 21. Dead Sector Select ‘On” to display the dead sector 22. Range Seled ranges to use 23. Self Test Test keys. ROM and RAM; checks antenna rotation speed, and displays program no. 24. Installation Setup Displays to the installation setup menu. ‘Note: Level 1 and 2 are same brilliance while the menu is displayed. The brilliance changes after the menu is erased. 4. FALSE ECHOES Occasionally false echoes appear on the screen at positions where there is no target. In some cases the effects can be reduced or eliminated. The operator should familiarize himself or herself wlth the appearance and effects of these false echoes. so as not to confuse them with echoes from legitimate contacts. 4.1 Multiple Echoes Multiple echoes occur when a short range. strong echo is received from a ship. bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more ech- oes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown in Figure 4-1. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the sensi— tivlty or properly adjusting the NC SEA. True echo Ill.“ Own ship Multiple ed» Figure 4-1 Multiple echoes 4.2 Side-lobe Echoes Every time the scanner rotates, some radia- tion escapes on each side of the beam-— called “side—lobes.” If a target exists where it can be detected by the side-lobes as well as the main-lobe, the side-lobe echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range, as shown in Figure 4—2. Side-lobes show usually only at short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the sensitivity or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA. Main—lobe True echo / Side—lube Spr'lous target Antenna Figure 4-2 Side-lobe echoes 4.5 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) ra- darwithin a range of approximately a n.miles. Each radar pulse received causes it to trans- mit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, ittirst sweeps rapidly (0.4 us) through the band before beginning a rela- tively slow sweep (7 .5 pa) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the inter- rogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. if the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown. When the range to the SART ls reduced to about 1 nm. the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaler than the original dots. ScmnAzwbcnsAm mam-"sum um I! close Rmm bum / WWI-7mm Flimsy-l Figure 4—5 SART display Showing SART marks on the radar display To show the SART marks only on the radar display. detune the radar receiver manualy. This erases or weakens all normal radar ech- oes, but, the SART marks are not erased be- cause the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the radar approaches the SA RT in operation, the SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blur- ring a large part of the screen. Reduce the sensitivity and adjust the sea clutter control of the radar. Summary to detect SART response 1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART. 2. Tum oil the automatic clutter suppression. 3. Turn off the lnterierence Rejectcr. General remarks on receiving SART Radar range scale When looking for a SART it is preferable to use either the 6 or 12 nautical mlle range scale. This is because the total displayed length of the SART response of 12 (or 24) dots may extend approximately 9.5 nautical miles beyond the position at the SART and it is necessary to see a number of response dots to distinguish the SART from other re- sponses. SART range errors When responses from only the 12 low fre- quency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm). the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as mush as 0.64 nm beyond the true po- sition cf the SART. When the range closes so that the last sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position. 5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING This chapter tells you how to keep your ra- dar in good working order. Before reviewing this chapter please read the safety infome- tion which follows. & DANGER Turn off the power before fl perfermlng any malntenanco or ' treubteshoottng procedure. Hazardous vottages can shock, burn or cause death. Only qualified personnel tntalty famillier with doctrinal circults should work inside the units. RF RADIATION HAZARD The radar scanner emih high frequency radio radiation which can be harmful, partlmlarly to your eyes. Never look direclty into the scanner from a distance of lessmanmofeetwhentneradnrlsincperatlonas you could injure the some of your eyes. Always make sure the radar is setto stand—by or is turned off before starting work on the scanner unit. 5.1 Preventive Maintenance Regular maintenance is important for good performance. Always keep the equipment as free as possible from dirt, dust, and water splashes. Make sure all screws securing the components are property tightened. A maintenance program should be estab- lished and should at least include the items listed in Table 5—1 . 5.2 Replacing the Fuse The fuse in the power cable protects the equipment agalnst reverse polarity of ship's mains, overcurrent, and equlpment fault. If the fuse blows, find the cause before replac- ing it Never use an Incorrect fuse - serious damage to the equipment may result and void the warranty. 12V: 10A fuse 24/32V: 5A fuse Use the proper fuse. Use of a wrong fuse can result In equipment damage. Table 5—1 Recommended maintenance program corroded. Check for corroded or loosened nuts and bolts. If necessary. clean and repaint them thickly. Replace them if heavily Ched< for dirt and cracks on radiator surface. Thick dirt should be wiped off with soft cloth dampened wlth fresh water. If a crack is found. apply a slight amount of sealing compound or Sealing compound may be used instead of paint. Appty a small amount at grease between nuts and bolts for easy removd in future. Do not use plastic sotvent (acetone) for cleaning. If you need to remove ice from scanner unit. use a wooden hammer or plastic head hammer. Creek on the unit may muse water adhesive m a temporary . ingress, causing serious remedy. then call for fSpfllY- damages to internal clrculs. Display unit Check for tight connection and If corroded. contact your dealer connectors corrosion. for replacement. 5.4 Self Test The self test lacility checks the keyboard, ROM and RAM for proper operation. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select “OTHER MENU". 3. Select “23. Self Test" and press the [A001 ENTER] key. The following display ap- pears. [s-n Tut] Key test: Pres: em and check amen imglon -l:l Em IIIIZI III DE I: l: El l:] E] =:1 _: .\:| ecu ngl ‘lZl izr Pym“ no; “snot ROM §§§ (Pm MENU tor OTHERS rump minute. 11 and alter is available with MARK-2 series. Figure 5— 1 Self test screen 4. The ROM and RAM are automatically checked. If NS (No Good) appears to the right of ROM or RAM indication, contact your dealer tor advice. AFlP-1O TEST re- sults appear only when optional AFlP-to board is mounted. 5. To check the keyboard, press any key ex- cept [ACWENTERl and [POWER] keys. The pressed key's on-screen location lights in black while the key is pressed, if the key is operating property. 6. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to check the display circuit. The following pattern should appear. [43 Figure 5-2 Test pattern 7. To return to the Self Test menu, press the [MENU] key. 6. To escape from the self test, press the [MENU] key. 5.5 Life Expectancy of Magnetron The following table shows the life expectancy ol the magnetrons. Table 5-3 Life expectancy of magnetrons Model I Typ- Code no. Llle expectancy 1932 ME E3571 000-1 37527 2000-3000 hours messes ODD-135446 (WWW MW) 6. OPERATION OF ARP—10 (OPTION) fA WARNING No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute tor basic navigational principles and common sense. a This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquin radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea retums and noise will not be acquired and tracked. e A target does not always mean a land- mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns item sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the NC SEA, AIC RAW and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen. The plotting accuracy and response of this auto plotter meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following: - Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompess specifications.) - The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15-30 seconds for high relative speed: 30—60 seconds for low relative speed. Display accuracy is affected by the following: s Echo intensity 0 Radar transmission pulsewidth 0 Radar bearing error . Gyrocompass error 0 Course change (own ship or target) This ARPA board is not available with 42 rpm radar. NOTICE Heading data required for planing lunction. 3. Select“ARP-10 MENU." 4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to display the ARP menu. [ARP awl 525! 92!§§!E§§| SE an! an hm Figure 61 APP Menu 5. Select the menu item “1. Display." 6. Select “On." 7. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Deactivatlng the auto plotter To deactivate the Auto Plotter; 1. Open the “ARP-tO MENU." Select the "1. Display." Select “Off.” Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. fig)?!“ Target under auto tracking but not selected for cursor data reading Target Full Mark Lost Target Target selected for data reading Auto Acquisition Area Threatening target V" aw...,u..r..,....|"auntmwv-“W +5513:— BEARING lZS T WEE 287 T TRUEVEC’TOR RANGE 5 NM SFEB) 12.5 ISMIN CPA 2m TCPA |2135 Frgure 6-2 ARPA display Auto Plotter Data Area Follow the steps shown below to activate the auto acquisition area. Open the “ARP-10 MENU.” Select “8. Auto ACQ.’ Select "On.” Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. P‘PP’NT‘ Terminating Tracking of Targets When the Auto Plotter has acquired 10 tar- gets, no more acquisition occurs unless tar- gets are lost. Should this happen. cancel tracking 01 individual targets or all targets by the procedure described below. Individual targets Place the cursor (+) on a target which you do not want to be tracked any longer by operat- ing the omnipad and press and hold down the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. All targets AII targets can be canceled from ”ARP-10 MENU' at a time. 1. Open the “ARP-10 MENU." 2. Select ‘2.AII Cancel.” 3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 6.4 Displaying Target Data The Auto Plotter calculates motion trends (range, bearing, course. speed, CPA and TCPA) of all targets under tracking attheAFlP Data area. To turn ARP data on; 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select “DlSP DATA.” 3. Press the [ACQIENTE Fl] key to select the message for f'AFtP” or “NAV‘ or “ARP." 4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. At the speed under 5 kts the target date is displayed with a delay because of filtration. Place the cursoron awanted target and press the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. Data on the se- lected target is displayed at the bottom of the screen. The symbol of the selected target gets twice as large as the normal circle. The data includes the following: RNGIBRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to the last-plotted or selected target position with suffix “T" (True) or “M” (Magnetic). For tme bearings suffix ‘T' is used in case of gyrooompass input and suf- fix ‘M' Is used In case of magnetic compass input. ' COURSE/SPEED (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the last-plotted or selected target with suffix “T' (True) or ‘M' (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix ”I" is used in case of gyroccmpass Input and suffix ‘M” is used in case 01 magnetic compass input. CPA (Closest Point oi Approach): is the closest range a target will approach to own ship. Do not mix it with the operator preset CPA alarm limit. TCPA: The time to CPA measured with present speeds of own ship and the targets. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically cal- culated. When a target ship has passed clear of own ship, the CPA is displayed and the TCPA appears as “"."". TCPA is counted up to 99.9 min. and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA>99.9 min. CPA/T CPA alarm ranges must be set up prop- erty taking into consideration the size. ton- nage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship. Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA! TCPA alarm ranges: 1. 2. 5. 6. Open the “AFlP—10 MENU." On the "CPA Set" line, select a CPA limit desired. (Off, 05, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 nm) Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. On the "T CPA Set” line, select a TCPA Iimlt desired. (30s, 1, 2, 3. 4. 5.6. 12M) Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Lost target alarm When the system detects a loss of a tracked target, the target symbol becomes a flashing diamond. Index Acquisition. NC AUTO k AGO/ENTER key A/C RAIN contra AIC SEA control Auto piotter.... Bearing measureman Blind sectors Brilliance. BFlILL key Conrse Up CPA/TCPA alarm .. Dead sector 3—8 EBL ........ Echo stretch Echo trail Economy mode Function controls (F 1, F2) Fuse Gain control Guard alarm Guard alarm s Guard key.. Guard zone Head up ........ Heading marker Indirect echoes. Interference .. Lost target alarm .. Magnetron . Maintenance . Multiple Echoes Menu tree ..... Navigation data Noise Nonh marks North up OTHERS menu 3-7 Ofloenter . Oflset EBL POWER hay ....... Presentation mode Power on/otf Program No. Puisewidth Pulselength Henge key ............. Range measurement. Flange rings ........... Selt Test (keyboard, RAM. Sensitivity ....... Shadow Sectors . Side-lobe Echoes Stand-by ST BY/TX System configuration. TLL key Trail tone . Trail time . Transmitting Troubleshooting Vector length Vector mode VRM Watchman .......................... ....... 3—5 Zoom ....................................................... 2—8 6.5 Mode and Length of Vectors True or relative vector (vector mode) Target vectors are displayed relative to own ships reading (Relative) or with relerence to North (True). Own ship does not have a vec- tor in relative mode. Vector length From the ARP-10 MENU, Vector Length can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 8, 15 or 30 min- utes and the selected vector time is indicated on the screen. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vec- tor length to evaluate the risk at collision with any target. 6.6 Past Position Display The Auto Plotter displays equally time-spaced dots (maximum five dots) marking the past positions 01 any targets being tracked. If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it changes course. its plotted course will not be a straight line in TM mode. To turn past position display an or oft do the following: 1. Open the AHP-to menu. 2. Select History. 3. Select plot enterval among 15, 30 sec- onds, 1, 2, 3 or 6 minutes. Select OFF to erase the past position display. 4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 5. Press the [MENU] key. 6.7 Operational Warnings There are two main situations which cause the ARP-10 to trigger visual and audible alen'ns: . CPA/TCPAalarm 0 Lost target alarm CPA/TCPA alarm The CPA/TCPA alarm leature should never be relied upon as a sole means tor detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is not relieved of the responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use. Visual and audible alarm are generated when the predicted CPA and TCPA of any target become less than their preset limits. The au- dible alarm continues for 10 seconds. The ARP-tt) continuously monitors the pre- dicted range at the Closest Point otApproach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each tracked target to own ship. When the predicted GPA of any target be- comes smallerthan a preset CPA alarm range and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the AFlP-to releases an audible alarm. In addition, the target plot sym- bol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector remain on the screen un- til the dangerous sltuation is no longer present or you intentionally terminate tracking of the target by using the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. Provided that this leature is used correctly, it will help prevent the risk of collision by alert- ing you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, AIC SEA. A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the Auto Plotter Is set up so that it can track tar- gets effectively. 6.3 Acquiring Targets Manual acquisition Follow the steps below to manually acquire a target. Up to 10 targets can be manually acquired. 1. Place the cursor (+) on a target oi inter- est by operating the omnipad. 2. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. The plot symbol changes its shape accord— ing to the status as below. A vector appears in about one minute after acquisition indicat- ing the target's motion trend. If the target is consistently detected tor three minutes, the plot symbol changes to a solid mark. If ac- quisition fails, the target symbol blinks and disappears shortly thereafter. . _ , SQUARE (dotted) Immediately after acquisition - Plot symbol shown in broken lines. I Z SQUARE (dotted with a vector) One minute after acquisition - Vector still un- reliable. Q/ CIRCLE (Solid with a vector) 3 minutes after acquisition - Plot symbol changes to a solid circle indicating the stable tracking condition. 6 LARGE CIRCLE The plot symbol of a target under tracking becomes twice as large as the normal sym- bol when the target is selected for data read- ing. Note 1: The target to be acquired should be within 0.2 to 16 nm from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter for success- ful acquisition. Note 2: When you want to acquire 11th tar- get. cancel tracking ol the one of less impor- tant targets. LA Note 3: When the auto acquisition mode (Auto A00) is on, up to five targets can be acquired. For details, see next section filled Automatic Acquisition. When a tracked target nears another tracked target, the targets may be "swapped." When two targets come close to each other, one of the two can become a "lost target.“ Should this happen, reacquisitlcn of the "lost target" is required after the two targets have separated. Automatic acquisition The Auto Plotter ARP—10 can acquire up to five targets automatically by setting the Auto Acquisition area predefined in the system. it Auto A00 is selected after more than five tar- gets have been manually acquired, only the remaining capacity of targets can be auto- matically acquired. (For example; when seven targets are acquired manually, and then the Auto A00 is switched on only three targets can be acquired automatically.) When five targets have been automatically ac- quired. "AUTO TARGET FULL" message appears at top left corner on the display. Setting auto acquisition area Auto acquisition area is predefined between 2.0 and 2.5 nm In range and 45“ on either side of the heading marker in bearing. If a target come into this area, It is acquired au- tomatically. Figure 6-3 Auto acquisition area 6.1 General The Auto Plotter ARP-10 is an optional cir- cuit board which is accommodated in the dis- play unit of this radar (24 rpm only) radars. It requires heading data to tunction. The Auto Plotter permits manual or automatic acquisition and automatic tracking 01 up to 10 radar targets. An internal microprocessor calculates target data such as speed and course and displays the results in alphanu- meric data and by vector. To ensure the reli- ability of the displayed target data, the radar must be properly adjusted for minimum sea returns and noise. Principal specifications Acquisition and tracking . Acquisition of up to 10 targets between 0.2 and 16 nm. - Automatic tracking of up to 10 acquired targets between 0.1 and 16 nm. Vectors Vector length: 30 s, 1. 3, 6, 15, 30 min. True velocity or relative ve- locity Past positions: 5 past positions at intervals 01 15, 30 s, 1,2, 3,6 min. Visual and audible alarms against targets violating CPA/ TCPA limits, Visual alarm against lost targets Orientation: Alarm: Target discrimination: A target measuring about 800 m or more in the radial or circum- ferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller than about 800 rn are regarded as true tar- gets. Keys used tor auto plotter The ARP-10 usesthe following touchpad keys. Given below is a brief description of these keys. MENU: opens/closes the main menu. SELECTICANCEL: Along press ten-ninetes plotting of the target selected with the cursor, and a brief press displays the data of the target selected with the cursor. Ace/ENTER: Acquires the target selected with the cursor. 6.2 ARP-10 MENU Operation The ARP-10 MENU contains the following items. Display: Tums Ohio“ the plot symbols, past positions and target data. All Cancel: Cancels the tracking of all targets. Vector Rot: Selects relative or true vectors. To select your choice, open the ARP-10 menu. Select “3 Vector Flat” to Relative or Ture, and then, press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Vector Length: Selects vector time. History: Selects past position plot interval. CPA Set: Selects CPA alarm limit. When a target is predicted to come within this limit, an audible alarm sounds and at the same time the corresponding target symbol changes to a blinking triangle. Note: It the preset CPA limit is set at OFF, a target which is on collision course will not produce an alarm. TCPA Set: Selects TCPA alarm limit. Auto A00: Tums on/otl Auto Acquisition Area. Activating the auto plotter To activate the Auto Plotter, follow the steps shown below. 1. Adjust the GAIN, A/C SEA and NC FiAIN controls for proper radar picture. 2. Press the [MENU] key to open the main menu. 5.3 Troubleshooting Table 5-2 contains simple troubleshooting procedures which you can tollow to try to re- store normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation, do not attempt to check inside any unit of the radar system. Any re- pair work is best left to a qualified technician. Table 5-2 Troubleshooting table you pressed the the control panel does [POWER] key to turn not light on the radar - try adjusting the control panel back- lighting on the OTHERS menu. - battery may have discharged. - check fuse in power cable. nothing appears on ~ try adjusting the brilliance. the display or display contrast is poor characters are - request service. distorted the scanner does not - the problem may be in scanner unit. rotate Request service. the radar has warmed up and you pressed the ‘ ' _ [STBY TX] key to characters and - have a qualified technician check the transmit indications are set. abnormal you have adjusted neither noise nor - check signal cable for damage. the gain with AIC targets appear RAIN and NC SEA (Indications and off markers do) neither indications nor - check signal cable for damage. markers appear (noise and targets do) the sweep (radial line ~ the problem may be in the scanner sweeping around the unit. Request service. display) is not synchronized with scanner rotation there is no change in - request service. sensitivity nothing happens - key may be faulty. Request service. 4.3 Indlrect Echoes Indirect echoes may be returned from either a passing ship or returned from a reflecting surface on your own ship, for example, a stack. In both cases. the echo will return from a legitimate contact to the scanner by the same indirect path. The echo will appear on the same bearing of the reflected surtace, but at the same range as the direct echo. Figure 4-3 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo. Indirect echoes may be recognized as fol- lows: - they usually occur In a shadow sector - they appear on the beefing of the obstruc- tion but at the range of the legitimate con- tact - when plotted, their movements are usu— ally abnormal, and - their shapes may indicate they are not di- rect echoes. Direct path\ Indirect echo Figure 46 Indirect echoes 4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors Funnels, stacks, masls, or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam. It the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees a blind sector may be produced. Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected. See Figure 4-4. Vossll bllcv Nut, a to. in than what P “h of W What been Moll Blind new l“_" (no m1 Size of bind m depends an argon s'ze and w. Figure4-4 Blind and shadow sectors 3.11 Function Controls The function controls (F1 and F2) work like the auto-dialing feature of a telephone, auto- matically executing the function assigned to them. The function can be turned off by press- ing appropriate function control again. Default settings F1: Shift (brief press) or Zoom (long press) F2: Ring brilliance How to register menu Items 1. Press the [MENU] key, 2. Press [A/C SEA] (F1) or [NO RAIN] (F2) to open the function menu. [SEITING FOR Ft KNOB] 05d byomnlped ivmss ENT.’ EBL OFFSET RNGS MODE -@ Figure 3—11 Function menu 3. Select function desired. 4. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. 3.12 Suppressing Noise Electrical noise can be suppressed by tum- ing on “8. NOISE FtEJ" on the OTHERS menu. 3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers “2. Mark BriII‘ on the OTHER menu adjusts the brilliance of markers otherthan the head- ing marker. 3.14 Outputting Target Position Radar target posifion data can be output to a navaid in IEC 61162 format. Select the radar target with the cursor, and then press and hold down the [TLL] key to output the data. This function requires position data and head- ing signal. 3.15 Dead Sector When the scanner is installed at a close dis- tance in front of the wheelhouse the radar should be set not to transmit within that area. to prevent microwave hazard. Ask your FURUNO representative ordeeler to provide this feature. Turning on watchman 1. Create a guard zone (usually 360 de- grees) with the guard alarm function. Press the [MENU] key. Select “OTHERS MENU." Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Select “15. Watchman.‘ Operate the cmnipad to select watchman rest period; 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 20 minutes. 7. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. ‘WATCHMAN' appears at the top of the screen, the radar transmits for one minute to check for targets inside the guard zone, and then the CFIT shuts off and the radar goes into stand-by. sweeps» Cancelling watchman Go into the “OTHERS“ menu, and set ‘15. Watchman" tor OFF. Note 1: Watchman can be used without a guard zone. Note 2: The alarm sounds just before the re- dar starts or stops transmitting. 3.9 Displaying Navigation Data Navigation data can be displayed at the screen bottom it this radar receives naviga- tion input in IEC 61162 tormat. Navigation data includes 0 Position in latitude and longitude or Lo- ran-C time diflerences 0 Range, bearing and time-tc-go to both waypoint selected on the navigator and the cursor 0 Speed. (If the navigation input includes destination data, the waypoint marker. shown by a dashed ring with a line extending trom it to the screen center appears. This marker can be turned on/ofl the “OTHER MENU”) To turn navigation data on or off; Press the [MENU] key. Select "DISP DATA." Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select the navigation display. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. PP’NT‘ Waypoint Matter mum sum-i mm Navigate“ n is uses is 5.77! mu Data awn m‘mm notion Figure 3-10 Typical navigation data display 3. Select I‘6. lrrt Fleisct.‘ 4. Select level desired by operating the omnipad. 5. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 6. Press the [MENU] keyto close the menu. lRt, IR2 or IR3 appears at the bottom right corner on the display when the interference rejection circuit is turned on. 3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth Pulsewidth is the time in microseconds nec- essary to transmit a single radar pulse. The longer the pulsewidth the greater the direc- tion range capability, however range accu- racy and range resolution are reduced. Pulsewidth can be selected to short or long on the 1.5 and 3 nautical mile ranges. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select “OTHER MENU” and press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 3. Select “7. Pulselength." 4. Select Short or Long by pressing the omnipad. 5. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key to select. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. 3.7 Guard Alarm The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing tor a guard zone. When ships, islands. landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone an audible alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator's attention. A CAUTION The guard alarm is a useiul antioollision aid. but does not relieve the operator oi the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout ior possible collision situations. The alarm should never be used as the sole means tor detecting possible collision situations. Selection of guard zone type The guard alarm can be set to sound when a target either enters or exits the guard zone. You can select which type at guard alarm you want through the menu. In alarm The alarm sounds on targets entering the guard zone. “G (IN)" appears at the top right- hand comer when the In alarm is selected. Out alarm The alarm sounds on targets exiting the guard zone. “G (OUT)" appears at the top right-hand comer when the Out alarm Is selected. Dashed line: . no alarm " \ Guard / ~. zone in ALARM Figure 3—7 In and Out alarms OUT ALARM Selecting guard zone type 1. Press the [MENU] key, select “OTHERS MENU." and then press the [ACQIEN- TER] key. 2. Select "17. Guard Mode” and “In" (alarm on target entering zone) or “Out” (alarm on target exiting zone) by operating the omnipad. 3. Press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Setting a guard zone 1 . Mentally create the guard zone you want to set. Figure 3—8 shows an example. 2. Operate the omnipad to set the cursor on point A (or B). Press the [GUARD] key. "6 GM)” or “G (OUT)." with asterisk blink- ing, appears at the top right-hand corner at the display. See Figure 3-8 (2). (The asterisk indicates the guard zone is par- tially set.) North up North is at thetop of the display and the head- ing marker moves with ship’s heading. This mode is useful for determining ship’s posi- tion and as a navigation monitor on a nauti- cal chart, The picture is stabilized against yaw of vessel, thereby reducing smear of target echoes. True motion True motion displays own ship and moving objects in their true motion. 3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes (echo stretch) Normally. the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s internal cir- cuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all ranges. Two types of echo stretch are available: ESt which stretches echoes In bearing direction and E32 which stretches them in both range and beefing directions. To tum the echo stretch on or off; 1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. 2. Select “ES." 3. Each press of the [AGO/ENTER] key changes the echo stretch function status in the sequence of E31, E32 and OFF. E81 or E82 appears at the top right-hand comer of the display when echo stretch IS on. Bearing timid" <—> Echottretdtz Echostrotdfl Figure 3—3 Echo stretch Notet: This function magnifies not only tar- gets but also sea clutter and radar interfer- ence. For this reason be sure the sea clutter and radar interference are sufficiently sup- pressed before activating the echo stretch. Note2: E82 is not available on short range. 3.4 Echo Trail You can show the movement of all radar tar- gets relative to your vessel in afterglow. This function is useful for alerting you to possible collision situations. Starting echo trail 1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. 2. Select “ECHO TRAlL" by the omnipad. 3. Select “ACTIVATE” by pressing the mom ENTER] key. Figure 3-4 How the echo trail feature works TRAIL, the echo trail time selected (on “OTHERS MENU") and elapsed time appear at the top right—hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all tar- gets. Note: Trails are restarted when range or mode is changed or zoom or offcenter is turned on. 2.15 Zoom The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area between your vessel and any location within the current range to take a closer look at an area of interest. 1. Select location with the cursor. 2. Press and hold down the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control about two seconds if its function is set for ZOOM (default setting), or se- lect ZOOM from the menu. Zoom appears at the top right comer when the ZOOM function is on. G) Place cursor ® Press [F1] to zoom. where desired. Figure 2-12 Zoom function Note: Zoom ls cancelled when range or pre- sentation mode is changed. Cancelling zoom Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control again. 2.12 Measuring the Bearing There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL (Electronic Bearing Line). Measuring bearing by cursor Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with the cursor intersection. The bearing to the target appears at the bottom of the display. Measuring bearing by EBL 1. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to cir- cumscribe an EBL readout (at the bottom left-hand corner). Each press of the key selects the readout of EBL1 , EBL2, VRM1 or VRM2 in that order. 2. Press the [EBLNRM CONTROL] key to enable control of the EBL by the omnipad. 3. Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with the EBL The omnipad must be op- erated within five seconds alter pressing the (EBLNRM CONTROL] key, otherwise the EBL cannot be operated. 4. Check the EBL readout at the bottom left- hand comer of the display to find the bear- ing to the target. 5. To anchor the EBL, press the [EBL/VFtM CONTROL] key. To erase the EBL and its readout, press and hold down the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key about two seconds. e.o NM 20 Target Cursor EBL1 EBL2 Cursor EBL bearing an bearing _m EBL1 bearing —— 135.00 n 40. 4.0 m Figure 2-8 How to measure bearing by EBL and cursor Note: The bearing readout tor the EBL andthe cursor can be displayed in relatiive or true bearing (true bearing requires heading sen- sor input). For north up and course up dis— play modes the bearing reference is always true. For details see the next chapter. Tips for measuring bearing 0 Bearing measuremenls of smaller targets are more accurate; the center of larger target pips is not as easily identified. ' Bearings of stationary or slower moving targets are more accurate than bearings of faster moving targets. 0 To minimize bearing errors keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by chang- ing the range scale; angular difference becomes diificult to resolve as a target approaches the center of the display. 2.13 Using the Offset EBL The offset EBL provides two functions: pre- dict collision course of a radartarget and mea- sure the range and the bearing between two targets. Predicting collision course 1. Operate the omnipad to place the cursor on the center of the target. 2. Press the [EBLNRM SELECT] key to choose the EBL1 readout, and then press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key. 3. Press the [MENU] key. select EBL OFF- SET from the menu, and then press the [AGO/ENTER] key. 4. Press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key. 5. Oparate the cmnlpad so EBL1 passes through the center of the target. If the target tracks along the EBL towards the center of the display (your vessel’s position), the target may be on a collision course. To cancel the cfiset EBL, select EBL OFF- SEI' from the menu and press the [A00/ ENTER] key. Adjusting the A10 SEA control The proper setting of the AIC SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguish- able. It the control is set too low. targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if it is set too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control untII clutter has disappeared to lee- ward, but a little is still visible windward. 1 . Confirm that the sensitivity is property aid- justed, and then transmit on short range. 2. Adjust the [A/C SEA] control so small tar- gets are distinguishable but some clutter remains on the display. See clutter at display center Alc SEA control equated; sea clutter suppressed Figure 26 How to adjust the A/C SEA control Tip for adjusting the NC SEA A common mistake is to over-adjust the cir- cuit so all the clutter is removed. As an ex- ample set up for maximum A/C SEA. You will see how the center of the display becomes dark. This dark zone can be dangerous (tar- gets may be missed), especially if the sensi- tivity is not property adjusted. Always leave a little clutter visible on the display to be sure weak echoes will not be suppressed. If there is no clutter visible on the display, turn off the circuit. A CAUTION Turn all the A/C SEA control when its use is not required; the control can erase weak targets. 2.9 Adjusting the NC RAIN Control (reducing raln clutter) The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is de- signed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the scanner will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as nor- mal targets. Figure 2-4 shows the appear- ance of rain clutter on the display. Adjusting A/c RAIN When rain clutter masks echoes, adjust the [A/C RAIN] control. This control splits up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pat- tern. making recognition of solid targets easier. Appearance ol Alc RAIN control adjusted; rain clutter rain clutter suppressed. Figure 2-4 Effect oIA/C RAIN Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the [NC RAIN] control can be used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navigating in confined waters. However, with the circuit activated the receiver is less sensitive. Theretore, turn off the circuit when its function is not required. Automatic adjustments of NC SEA and Ale RAIN Push the [A/C AUTO] key. “NC AUTO" ap- pears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display when the A/C AUTO circuit is on. You can fine tune by adjusting the [NC SEA], [N C RAIN] and [GAIN] controls. 2.2 Turning the Radar OnIOff Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar on or oft. The control panel lights and a timer displays the time remaining for warm up of the mag- netron (the device which produces radar pulses), counting down from 1:30 to 0:01. 2.3 Transmitting After the power is tumad on and the magne- tron has warmed up, STBY (Stand-By) ap- pears at the screen center. This means the radar is now lully operational. Press the [STBY TX] key to transmit. When transmitting, any echoes from targets appear on the display. This radar displays echoes in eight tones of green according to echo strength. 2.4 Stand-by When you won’t be using the radar for an extended period, him you want to keep It in a state of readiness, place it in stand-by by pressing the [STBY TX] key. The display shows “STBY," navigation data, or goes into the economy mode depending on menu set- ting. (More on menu operation later.) Economy mode The CRT can be set to automatically turn it- self off when in stand-by, to reduce power consumption. This feature is called the "economy mode." Power consumption in the economy mode is 28 W. When the economy mode is on, the lamp next to the [POWER] key lights. Navigation data display during stand-by It a navigation aid inputs navigation data to this radar in IEC 61162 format, navigation data can be displayed during stand-by. You can turn the navigation data display on/ofl through the menu. Figure 2-2 shows a typi- cal navigation data display during stand-by. _ 7 > ‘<— Time-to-go to Stand-by 000 ‘— Trip distance since power on fen-Emmet +17.3 “C‘— Temperature TO Waypolnt bearing Heading ens redo-u Course Time-to-go ‘0 dww Tm am To Waypolnt b ERG 46.0“ M nus Bearing to TOJ N ' as?“ s Waypotnt _ “LON? .m Ship's position in latitude Range to To Waypoint W m and longitude and Loren X‘lE TDs new Cross Track Error Mark ' ." shows L XTE XTE R direction and amountot m em Figure 2-2 Typical navigation data display dun‘ng stand-b y Heading marker Range and bearing of a target, relative to own shIp, am readable on the PPL Own ship Own ship (radar) In center (A) Blrd‘l eya view of shuaflon (B) Radar mum of (A) Figure 1-1 Haw radar works TABLE OF CONTENTS BY INDICATION, MARKER Tuning indium! (PG-7) Echo "all elmsed time (PS-3) Heading (matures handing dam) . . Hm ding (R26) Echo Irall lime (PM) Guam Zone (P34) Zoom (P.2-8) Rams (RN) Echo Stretch (P‘s-2) Range ring inlewal (P243) Pulse|en¢h (P245) O” my (P2—7) Display mode (Ra-1) Cm (P2—5, 2-6) EBL2 (P245) Guard zono area (RS-5) EBL1 (P26) VRM1 (P26) Rams ring (P24, 2-5) VFIM2 (F.2-5) North marker (rm-5) NC AUTO (P24) EBL‘ bearing (Pi-6) EBLZ bearing (P26) lmedsrenee rejedor (RS-3) VRM1 range (F.2-5) vnm flange (P26) Outsor range (P26) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................ ....... III MENU TREE ............ . .................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS BY INDICATION, MARKER .. .. vi SYSTEM CONFIGURATION . vii 1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 1.1 What is Radar? ............................... 1-1 1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar ................................. 1-1 1.3 How Radar Determines Range ...... 1-1 1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing ..... 1-1 1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Scannner Rotation Speed .. 1.6 The Radar Display . 2. BASIC OPERATION 2.1 Control Description ......... 2.2 Turning the Radar OnlOff 2.3 Transmitting. . 2-2 2.4 Stand—by ...... . 2-2 2.5 Selecting the Range . 2—3 2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance. 2.7 Aqusting Receiver Sensitivlty 2.8 Adjusting the A10 SEA Control (reducing see clutter) ..................... 2.9 Adjusting the NC RAIN Control (reducing rain clutter) ..................... 2.10 Erasing the Heating Marker, North Marker ................................ 2.11 Measuring the Range 2.12 Measuring the Bearing . 2.13 Using the Offset EBL.... 2.14 oncentering the Picture 2.15 Zoom ............................ 3. MENU OPERATION 3.1 Basic Menu Operation .................... 32 Selecting the Presentation Mode . 3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes (echo stretch) 3.4 Echo Trail ..... 3—1 3.5 Suppressing Radar interference 3-3 3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth ...................... 3—4 3.7 Guard Alarm 3.8 Watchman .. 3.9 Displaying Navigation Data .. 3.10 OTHER MENU Description 3.11 Function Controls 3.12 Suppressing Noise .. .. 3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers ..... 3—8 3.14 Outputting Target Position .. 3—8 3.15 Dead Sector . 3—8 4. FALSE ECHOES 4.1 Multiple Echoes . .. 4—1 42 Side-lobe Echoes .. 4—1 4.3 indirect Echoes ...... 4-2 4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors .. 4—2 4.5 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ................................. 4—5 5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLE- SHOOTING 5.1 Preventive Maintenance 5.2 Replacing the Fuse 5.3 Troubleshooting .. 5.4 Self Test .......... .. 5.5 Lite Expectancy of Magnetron ........ 6. OPERATION OF ARP-10 (OPTION) 6.1 General .......................................... 6.2 ARP-to MENU Operation . 6.3 Acquiring Targets ....... 6.4 Displaying Target Data .. 6.5 Mode and Length of Vectors . 6.6 Past Position Display. 6.7 Operational Warnings SPECIFICATIONS SP-1 INDEX .......... . ...... . ............. . ..... IN-1
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