Furuno USA 9ZWRTR085 MARINE RADAR User Manual

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Users Manual

MARINE RADAR

FR-8062, FR-8122, FR-8252

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be

harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a

close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting

antenna at a close distance.

Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the table

below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,

your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna

revolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide

this feature.

MODEL Distance to

100 W/m2

point

Distance to

10 W/m2

point

FR-8062

Nil

Worst case

2.50 m

Worst case

2.30 m

XN-12A

XN-13A

XN-12A

XN-13A

Worst case

0.50 m

Worst case

0.30 m

Worst case

7.50 m

Worst case

7.00 m

FR-8122

XN-12A

XN-13A

Worst case

0.80 m

Worst case

0.70 m

Worst case

9.50 m

Worst case

9.00 m

FR-8252

WARNING

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel

should work inside the

equipment.

Turn off the radar power

switch before servicing the

antenna unit. Post a warn-

ing sign near the switch

indicating it should not be

turned on while the antenna

unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of

being struck by the rotating

antenna and exposure to

RF radiation hazard.

Wear a safety belt and hard

hat when working on the

antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can

result if someone falls from

the radar antenna mast.

Do not disassemble or modify the

equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can

result.

Turn off the power immediately if water

leaks into the equipment or the equip-

ment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause

fire or electrical shock.

WARNING

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage

to the equipment.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt

the power cord, which can cause fire or

electrical shock.

Do not place liquid-filled containers on

the top of the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid

spills into the equipment.

Do not operate the equipment with wet

hands.

Electrical shock can result.

iii

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied

upon for the safety of vessel and crew.

The navigator has the responsibility to

check all aids available to confirm

position. Electronic aids are not

a substitute for basic navigational

principles and common sense.

• This ARP automatically tracks

automatically or manually acquired radar

targets and calculates their courses and

speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since

the data generated by the auto plotter

are based on what radar targets are

selected, the radar must always be

optimally tuned for use with the auto

plotter, to ensure required targets will not

be lost or unwanted targets such as sea

returns and noise will not be acquired

and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land-

mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels

but can imply returns from sea surface

and clutter. As the level of clutter changes

with environment, the operator should

properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN

and GAIN controls to be sure target

echoes are not eliminated from the

radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of

this ARP meets IMO standards.

Tracking accuracy is affected by the

following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course

change. One to two minutes is required t

restore vectors to full accuracy after an

abrupt course change. (The actual

amount depends on gyrocompass

specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely

proportional to the relative speed of the

target. Delay is on the order of 15—30

seconds for high relative speed; 30—60

seconds for low relative speed.

The data generated by ARP, AIS and

video plotter are intended for

reference only.

Refer to official nautical charts for

detailed and up-to-date information.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not

remove cover. No user-serviceable

parts inside.

WARNING LABEL

Warning labels are attached to the

equipment. Do not remove any label.

If a label is missing or damaged,

contact a FURUNO agent or dealer

about replacement.

WARNING

ARNING

Radiation hazard. Only qualified

personnel should work inside scanner.

Confirm that TX has stopped before

opening scanner.

DISPLAY UNIT

Name: Warning Label (1)

Type: 86-003-1011-0

Code No.: 100-236-230

ANTENNA UNIT

Name: Radiation Warning Label

Type: 03-142-3201-0

Code No.: 100-266-890

TFT LCD

The high quality TFT (Thin Film Transistor)

LCD displays 99.999% of its picture ele-

ments. The remaining 0.01% may drop out

or light, however this is an inherent property

of the LCD; it is not a sign of malfunction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD...............................................................................................ix

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ......................................................................xi

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW..............................................................1-1

1.1 Controls .....................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Turning the Radar On/Off, Transmitting ....................................................................1-4

1.3 Display Indications.....................................................................................................1-5

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Dimmer ..............................................................................1-6

1.5 Menu Overview..........................................................................................................1-6

1.6 Tuning........................................................................................................................1-7

1.7 Presentation Modes...................................................................................................1-8

1.8 Choosing a Range Scale.........................................................................................1-10

1.9 Choosing a Pulse Length ........................................................................................1-11

1.10 Adjusting the Sensitivity...........................................................................................1-11

1.11 Suppressing Sea Clutter..........................................................................................1-12

1.12 Suppressing Rain Clutter.........................................................................................1-13

1.13 Automatic Suppression of Sea and Rain Clutters ...................................................1-14

1.14 Cursor......................................................................................................................1-15

1.15 Interference Rejector...............................................................................................1-16

1.16 Measuring the Range to a Target............................................................................1-17

1.17 Measuring the Bearing to a Target..........................................................................1-19

1.18 Measuring the Range and Bearing Between Two Targets......................................1-20

1.19 Target Alarm............................................................................................................1-21

1.20 Off Centering the Display ........................................................................................1-24

1.21 Zoom .......................................................................................................................1-25

1.22 Echo Stretch............................................................................................................1-26

1.23 Echo Averaging .......................................................................................................1-27

1.24 Target Trails ............................................................................................................1-28

1.25 Parallel Index Lines .................................................................................................1-31

1.26 Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin Mark..................................................1-32

1.27 Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading Marker...........................................1-33

1.28 Custom Setup..........................................................................................................1-34

1.29 Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys) .......................................................1-36

1.30 Noise Rejector.........................................................................................................1-36

1.31 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes .........................................................................1-37

1.32 Watchman ...............................................................................................................1-37

1.33 Color Schemes........................................................................................................1-38

1.34 Navigation Data.......................................................................................................1-39

1.35 Dynamic Range .......................................................................................................1-41

1.36 Characteristics Curve ..............................................................................................1-42

1.37 Antenna Speed........................................................................................................1-42

1.38 Waypoint Mark.........................................................................................................1-43

1.39 Alarm Message Display...........................................................................................1-44

1.40 Echo Area................................................................................................................1-45

1.41 Customizing (Initial Menu) .......................................................................................1-46

2. RADAR OBSERVATION ....................................................................2-1

2.1 General......................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 False Echoes.............................................................................................................2-3

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder).................................................................2-5

2.4 RACON......................................................................................................................2-6

3. ARP OPERATION .............................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Usage Precautions....................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Controls for Use with ARP ........................................................................................3-2

3.3 ARP Display On/Off ..................................................................................................3-2

3.4 Acquiring and Tracking Targets ................................................................................3-3

3.5 Terminating Tracking of ARP Targets.......................................................................3-4

3.6 Vector Attributes........................................................................................................3-5

3.7 History Display (target past position) ........................................................................3-6

3.8 ARP Target Data.......................................................................................................3-7

3.9 CPA and TCPA Alarm...............................................................................................3-8

3.10 Proximity Alarm .........................................................................................................3-9

3.11 Lost Target ................................................................................................................3-9

3.12 Symbol Color...........................................................................................................3-10

4. AIS OPERATION................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Controls for Use with AIS.........................................................................................4-1

4.2 Activating, Deactivating the AIS Function .................................................................4-1

4.3 Turning the AIS Display On or Off.............................................................................4-2

4.4 AIS Symbols..............................................................................................................4-2

4.5 Activating Targets .....................................................................................................4-2

4.6 Displaying AIS Target Data.......................................................................................4-3

4.7 Display Range...........................................................................................................4-4

4.8 Sorting Targets..........................................................................................................4-4

4.9 Display Sector...........................................................................................................4-5

4.10 Number of Targets to Display ...................................................................................4-5

4.11 Vector Attributes........................................................................................................4-6

4.12 History Display (target past position) ........................................................................4-7

4.13 CPA and TCPA Alarm...............................................................................................4-8

4.14 Proximity Alarm .........................................................................................................4-9

4.15 Lost Target ................................................................................................................4-9

4.16 Symbol Color...........................................................................................................4-10

5. GPS OPERATION .............................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Navigator Type..........................................................................................................5-1

5.2 Datum........................................................................................................................5-2

5.3 WAAS Setup .............................................................................................................5-2

5.4 Satellite Monitor ........................................................................................................5-3

5.5 Type 16 Message......................................................................................................5-4

5.6 GPS Sensor Installation Position Offset....................................................................5-5

5.7 Cold Start ..................................................................................................................5-6

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................ 6-1

6.1 Preventive Maintenance............................................................................................6-2

6.2 Replacement of Fuses ..............................................................................................6-3

6.3 Replacing the Magnetron..........................................................................................6-3

6.4 Trackball Maintenance ..............................................................................................6-4

6.5 SImple Troubleshooting ............................................................................................6-5

6.6 Advanced-level Troubleshooting...............................................................................6-6

6.7 System Test ..............................................................................................................6-8

6.8 LCD Test .................................................................................................................6-10

6.9 GPS Test.................................................................................................................6-11

6.10 Clearing the Memory............................................................................................... 6-12

SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................. SP-1

INDEX......................................................................................................IN-1

vii

FOREWORD

A Word to the Owner of the FR-8xx2 Marine Radar

FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the FR-8xx2 Color LCD Marine Radar se-

ries. We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with

quality and reliability.

For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and

reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global

network of agents and dealers.

Your equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine envi-

ronment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and

maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth

in this manual.

We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our pur-

poses.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.

Features

The FR-8xx2 series display radar targets on a bright 12.1" color LCD. Operation is simplified with

the combination of discrete keys and trackball.

The main features are as follows:

• The FR-8xx2 series consists of the following models:

• Bright 12.1" LCD visible even under direct sunlight

• User-friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys, and trackball

• Antenna speed may be automatically selected according to pulse length or speed

• Built in ARP optionally available

• AIS data shown with connection of AIS transponder

• User programmable function keys

• One touch setup of major controls with custom setup feature

• Echoes in yellow or green or colors of red, yellow or green in order of descending strength.

Model, output, max, range, antenna type

Model Output Range Radar Antenna

FR-8062 4.9 kW 72 nm/sm, 96 km 4 or 6 ft radiator

FR-8122 12 kW 72 nm/sm, 96 km 4 or 6 ft radiator

FR-8252 25 kW 96 nm/km/sm 4 or 6 ft radiator

viii

Notice

• No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without written permission.

• This manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.

• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications are subject to change without

notice.

• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual may not match the screens you

see on your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equip-

ment settings.

• This manual is intended for use by native speakers of English.

• FURUNO will assume no responsibility for the damage caused by improper use or modifica-

tion of the equipment or claims of loss of profit by a third party.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

FR-8062/8122

ANTENNA UNIT

RSB-0070-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062

RSB-0073-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062

RSB-0073-086-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8122

DISPLAY UNIT

RDP-150

Auto Plotter

ARP-11

(built in

display unit)

Rectifier

RU-3423

100/110/

115/220/

230 VAC, 1

12-24 VDC

Remote

Display

SVGA

Monitor

Gyro

Converter

AD-100

Heading Sensor

PG-1000

NMEA

DEVICE

NMEA

DEVICE

External

Buzzer

OP03-136

: Optional equipment

Gyrocompass

Category of units

Antenna unit: Exposed to weather

All other units: Protected from weather

FR-8252

ANTENNA UNIT

RSB-0073-087-XN12A/XN13A

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

PSU-008

Auto Plotter

ARP-11

(built in

display unit)

Rectifier

RU-3423

12-24 VDC

Remote

Display

SVGA

Monitor

Gyro

Converter

AD-100

Heading Sensor

PG-1000

NMEA

DEVICE

NMEA

DEVICE

External

Buzzer

OP03-136

: Optional equipment

100/110/

115/220/

230 VAC, 1

Gyrocompass

Category of units

Antenna unit: Exposed to weather

All other units: Protected from weather

DISPLAY UNIT

RDP-150

1-1

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

This chapter provides the information necessary for operating this radar.

1.1 Controls

1.1.1 Display unit

This radar is operated with the controls of the display unit (and the remote controller). 17 keys are

labeled and they provide the function shown on their labels. The trackball's main function is to

move the cursor across the screen. When you correctly execute an operation, the unit generates

a beep. Invalid operation causes the unit to emit several beeps.

Display unit

ENTER

TARGET

ALARM

CANCEL

HL OFF

TLLMENU

EBL

ZOOM OFF

CENTER

TRAILS

VRM

PUSH AUTO/MAN

STBY

MODE

CUSTOM

RANGE

POWER

BRILL

GAIN

SEA

RAIN

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-2

Control description

Control Description

POWER/BRILL Momentary press: Turns power on; adjusts brilliance.

Long press: Turns power off.

STBY/TX Ttransmits radar pulses and places radar in standby alternately.

MODE Chooses presentation mode.

CUSTOM Presets radar controls for one-touch setup of radar.

RANGE Chooses radar range.

ZOOM Zooms chosen target.

TARGET ALARM Sets target alarm, which watches for targets entering or exiting the user-

set alarm zone.

EBL Measures bearing to a radar target.

MENU Open/closes the menu.

ENTER Registers chosen menu option; acquires ARP target; displays data of

selected ARP or AIS target.

GAIN Adjusts the sensitivity of the radar receiver.

SEA Suppresses sea clutter.

RAIN Suppresses rain clutter.

F1, F2 Programmable function keys.

OFF CENTER Shifts own ship position.

TRAILS Plots radar echo movement.

VRM Measure range to a radar target.

TLL Outputs position of chosen target to navigation plotter or inscribes mark

at cursor location, or both.

CANCEL/HL OFF Cancels last entry in menu operation; temporarily erases heading line;

cancels tracking of ARP target; removes data of selected ARP or AIS

target from data box; goes back one “layer” in multi-layer menu.

Trackball Chooses menu items; shifts display and cursor.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-3

1.1.2 Remote controller

The remote controller provides armchair control over transmit, standby, rante and display offcen-

tering.

Remote controller

Chooses range.

OFF

CENTER STBY

RANGE

Toggles STBY/TX

Offcenters display.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-4

1.2 Turning the Radar On/Off, Transmitting

Press the POWER/BRILL key at the upper right-hand corner of the control panel to turn on the

radar on. Press and hold down the key until the screen turns black to turn the radar off.

At power-up the start-up screen appears as shown right. The model name and program number

are shown and the ROM and RAM are tested. If "NG" appears as the results of the ROM and RAM

tests, try pressing any key to proceed. If normal operation is not possible, contact your dealer for

advice. After the tests are completed, the bearing scale and a digital timer appear. The digital timer

counts down the time remaining to warm up the magnetron, which transmits the radar pulses. This

warm-up takes 90 sec. (FR-8252) or 180 sec. (FR-8062, FR-8122).

Start-up screen

After the timer has counted down to 0:00, the indication STBY appears at the screen center,

meaning the radar is now ready to transmit radar pulses. Press the STBY/TX key to transmit radar

pulses.

The STBY/TX key toggles between stand-by and transmit status. The antenna rotates in transmit

condition and is stopped in standby. Because the magnetron ages with use it is highly recom-

mended to set the radar in standby when it will not be required for an extended period of time. This

will help extend the life of the magnetron.

Quick start

Provided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, you can

get the radar into TRANSMIT condition without the warm-up. If the POWER/BRILL key was

turned off by mistake or the like and you wish to restart the radar promptly, turn on the POWER/

BRILL key not later than 10 seconds after power-off. This feature is not available with the FR-

8252.

12.1" Color LCD

Marine Radar

FR-8xx2

FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

ROM: OK RAM: OK

Program No. 0317010-XX.XX

Model name appears here.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-5

1.3 Display Indications

Display indications

Note: The screen configuration, chosen during

the installation, is available in three types,

“Sea”, “River” and “IEC”, and the default config-

uration is “Sea”. The majority of the descrip-

tions in this manual use the “Sea” configuration.

The major difference between the Sea, River

and IEC configurations is the bearing scale - it

is elliptical on the Sea and River types and cir-

cular on the IEC type.

EBL1

VRM1

Heading

Range ring

OWN LAT: 34

56.123 E

SHIP LON: 135

34.567 E

SPEED 12.34 kt

CURSOR LAT: 34

56.123 E

LON: 135

34.567 E

TTG: 01:00

TEMP 12.3

DEPTH 56.7 M

WAY 0.095 NM

POINT 90.0

TTG: 00:20

Nav data:

Appears at screen bottom when Data Box in the

Display sub menu is set to "Nav" or "All". Appropriate sensors

required to display nav data.

359.9°

+ 242.8°R 2.782 NM

Cursor data

(Range and bearing or L/L position)

VRM2

EBL2

Bearing scale

Heading line

Presentation mode

Range ring interval

Custom settings

Range

Pulse length

Echo stretch (ES),

Echo averaging (EAV)

Noise rejector (NR),

Interference rejector (IR)

SP NUP

ES1 EAV1

NR LOW

IR LOW

HARBOR A/C AUTO

0.5

Zoom

TUNE AUTO

GAIN AUTO

SEA MED

RAIN LOW

TUNE indicator

GAIN indicator

SEA indicator

RAIN indicator

2ND ECHO

ZOOM

2nd echo rejector

ALARM1_IN

ALARM2_OUT

VRM2 0.742

Alarm status

VRM1, VRM2

range

VRM1>1.430<

TRAILS (T)

01H30M00S

EBL2 045.0°

Trail ref.,

Trail time

EBL1, EBL2

bearing

EBL1>270.0°

Cursor

Zoom cursor

Zoom

window

000 030

060

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

Bearing scale for Sea and

River configurations

Bearing scale for

IEC configuration

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-6

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Dimmer

The display brilliance and panel dimmer may be adjusted as follows:

1. Press the POWER/BRILL key momentarily to show the brilliance/panel dialog box.

Brilliance/panel dimmer dialog box

2. Roll the trackball upward or downward to choose Brill or Panel, whichever you wish to adjust.

3. Roll the trackball rightward or leftward to adjust. (You may also use the POWER/BRILL key.)

4. Press the MENU key to close the window.

1.5 Menu Overview

Less-often used functions are controlled through the menu, which consists of 14 menus and 3 sub

menus. Use the trackball to choose item and option as below.

1. Press the MENU key to display the menu.

2. Roll the trackball to choose a menu or sub menu. As you roll the trackball, the highlight in the

Menu column indicates menu currently selected and the menu items change according to the

menu selected.

3. Press the ENTER key to enable operation from chosen menu.

W Min Max X

Brill (1 - 15) 9 9

Panel (1 - 7) 7

[ENTER]: Close

S

System

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

Auto Rain

Tune

Pulse Length

Auto Gain

Auto Sea

Echo Stretch

Echo Average

:Auto

:Short

:Off

:Rough

:Calm

:Moderate

Auto Anti Clutter

Display-Dynamic

Display-Curve

Noise Rejector

Interference Rejector

2nd Echo Rejector

:Normal

:Off

Echo

Menus

Menu item

and options

Currently selected menu

Menu location

indicator

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-7

4. Roll the trackball to choose the menu item desired and then press the ENTER key. A window

with options for the corresponding menu item appears. For example, the window below shows

the options for Trail Color in the Target Trails menu.

Target trails color options

5. Roll the trackball upward or downward to choose appropriate option.

6. Press the ENTER key to save your selection.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: The menus on the IEC-type radar close automatically when there is no menu operation for

10 seconds, as per IEC regulations. The following menus and screens however are exempt from

this rule: Alarm message, GPS self test, Satellite monitor, TYPE 16 message, Diagnostic, LCD

pattern, and Tune initial adjust. Menus do not close automatically in the “River” or “Sea” configu-

ration.

1.6 Tuning

The radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default tuning method is auto-

matic. If you require manual tuning, do the following:

1. Use the RANGE key to choose the 48-mile range.

2. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.

3. Use the trackball to choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to choose Tune Mode and then press the ENTER key.

Tuning options

5. Choose Manual and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose Manual Tune and then push the ENTER key. The window shown below appears.

7. Roll the trackball upward or downward to adjust the tuning, watching the tuning bar at the top

right corner. he best tuning point is where the bar graph swings maximum. The vertical bar on

the bar graph shows tuning control position; not the tuning condition.

Tuning indicator

8. Push the ENTER key to finish.

9. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Green

Red

Blue

White

Black

Auto

Manual

2048

(0-4095)

TUNE MANL

GAIN AUTO

SEA MANL

RAIN AUTO

Tuning method (Manual) Tuning bar

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-8

1.7 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentation modes:

Relative Motion (RM)

Head-up: Unstabilized

Head-up TB: Head-up with compass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing) where bearing scale

rotates with the compass reading.

Course-up: Compass-stabilized relative to ship's orientation at the time of electing course-up.

North-up: Compass-stabilized with reference to north

True Motion (TM)

North-up: Ground or sea stabilized with compass and speed inputs

1.7.1 Choosing presentation mode

Press the MODE key consecutively to choose presentation mode desired. The presentation mode

in use appears at the top left corner on the screen.

NOTICE - Loss of gyrocompass signal: When the compass signal is lost, "HEADING" appears

in red at the gyro readout, the presentation mode automatically becomes head-up, all ARP and

AIS targets and map or chart are erased. After restoring the compass signal, choose the presen-

tation mode with the MODE key.

1.7.2 Description of presentation modes

Head-up mode

The head-up mode is a display in which the line connecting own ship and the top of the display

indicates own ship's heading.

The target pips are painted at their measured distances

and in their directions relative to own ship's heading.

A short line on the bearing scale is the north marker indi-

cating heading sensor north. A failure of the heading

sensor input will cause the north marker to disappear

and the readout to show ***.* and the message SIGNAL

MISSING appears in red at the lower-right corner of the

screen.

Heading Lin

orth Marker

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-9

Course-up mode

The course-up mode is an azimuth stabilized dis-

play in which a line connecting the center with the

top of the display indicates own ship's intended

course (namely, own ship's previous heading just

before this mode has been selected).

Target pips are painted at their measured dis-

tances and in their directions relative to the

intended course, which is maintained at the 0-

degree position. The heading line moves in accor-

dance with ship's yawing and course change. This

mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture during

course change.

Head-up TB (True Bearing) mode

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the head-up mode. The difference from normal

head-up presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is heading

sensor stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to

know own ship's heading at a glance.

This mode is available when the radar is interfaced with a gyro heading sensor.

If the gyro heading sensor fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of head-up mode.

North-up mode

The north-up mode paints target pips at their measured dis-

tances and in their true (heading sensor) directions from own

ship, north bearing maintained at the top of the screen. The

heading line changes its direction according to the ship's

heading. Requires heading signal.

If the compass fails, the presentation mode changes to head-

up and the north marker disappears. Also, the HDG indication

shows ***.*. And the message “SIGNAL MISSING HEADING”

appears in red at the lower-right corner of the screen.

Heading Line

North Marker

Heading Line

North Marker

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-10

True motion mode

Own ship and other moving objects move in accordance with

their true courses and speed. In ground stabilized TM, all

fixed targets, such as landmasses, appear as stationary

echoes. In the sea stabilized TM without set and drift inputs,

the landmass can move on the screen. Note that true motion

is not available on the 72 nm or 96 nm range scale.

When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 50% of the

radius of the display, own ship position is automatically reset

to a point of 75% radius opposite to the extension of the

heading line passing through the display center. You may

also reset the own ship symbol manually by pressing the

OFFCENTER key.

If the heading sensor fails, the mode is changed to the head-

up and the north marker disappears. The HDG readout shows ***.* and the message “SIGNAL

MISSING HEADING” appears.

Automatic resetting of own ship mark in true motion mode

1.8 Choosing a Range Scale

The selected range scale, range ring interval and pulse length are shown at the upper left corner

on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears

in 50-90% of the display radius.

Use the RANGE key to choose range desired. Hit the "+" part of the key to raise the range; the "-

" part to lower the range.

Heading Line

North Marker

000 010 020 030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170180190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330 340 350 000 010 020 030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170180190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330 340 350

Heading

line

North

marker 000 010 020 030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170180190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330 340 350

(a) True motion

is selected (b) Own ship has reached a

point 75% of display radius (c) Own ship is automatically

reset to 75% of radius

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-11

1.9 Choosing a Pulse Length

The pulse length in use appears at the top left position on the screen. Appropriate pulse lengths

are preset to individual range scales and functions keys. If you are not satisfied with the pulse

length setting on the 1.5 nm or 3 nm range, you may change it as below.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Use the trackball to choose Pulse Length and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Short or Long as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.10 Adjusting the Gain (sensitivity)

The GAIN control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver. The proper setting is such that the back-

ground noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may

be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong tar-

gets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background

noise on the display.

1.10.1 Choosing gain adjustment method

Gain may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the GAIN control to choose automatic or

manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the top right

corner of the screen. In the example below the adjustment method is “AUTO”.

Gain adjustment method indicator

1.10.2 Automatic gain adjustment

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menumenu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Auto Gain and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the auto gain options.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.

Short

Long

TUNE MANL

GAIN AUTO

SEA MANL

RAIN AUTO

Gain adjustment method (AUTO)

Rough

Moderate

Calm

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-12

1.10.3 Manual gain adjustment

1. Push the GAIN control to show “GAIN MANL” as the gain adjustment method.

2. Rotate the GAIN control to adjust the gain. Adjust the control so background noise is just visible

on the screen.

1.11 Suppressing Sea Clutter

Echoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter.

The higher the waves, and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will

extend. When sea clutter masks the picture, use the SEA control to suppress the clutter, either

manually or automatically.

1.11.1 Choosing sea clutter adjustment method

Sea clutter may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the SEA control to choose automatic

or manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the top right

corner of the screen. In the example below the sea clutter adjustment method is “MANL”

(manual).”

SEA indicator

1.11.2 Automatic sea clutter adjustment

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Auto Sea and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the Auto Sea options.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.

TUNE MANL

GAIN AUTO

SEA MANL

RAIN AUTO

SEA adjustment method (MANUAL)

Rough

Moderate

Calm

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-13

1.11.3 Manual sea clutter adjustment

1. Push the SEA control to show “SEA MANL” as the SEA adjustment method.

2. Rotate the SEA control to suppress sea clutter.

The proper setting of the SEA control should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots,

and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, targets will be hidden in the

clutter, while if the setting is too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display.

In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible

windward.

How to adjust the SEA control

1.12 Suppressing Rain Clutter

The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is

rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in the same

manner as normal targets.

The RAIN control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the SEA control does but rather in a longer

time period (longer range). The higher the setting the greater the anti-clutter effect. When echoes

from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the control to split up these unwanted echoes into a

speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier.

1.12.1 Choosing rain clutter adjustment method

Rain clutter may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the RAIN control to choose auto-

matic or manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the

top right corner of the screen. In the example below the adjustment method is “AUTO.”

RAIN indicator

SEA adjusted;

sea clutter suppressed

Sea clutter at

screen center

TUNE MANL

GAIN AUTO

SEA MANL

RAIN AUTO

RAIN adjustment method (AUTO)

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-14

1.12.2 Automatic rain clutter adjustment

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Auto Rain and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the Auto Rain options.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.

1.12.3 Manual rain clutter adjustment

1. Push the A/C RAIN control to show “RAIN MANL” as the RAIN adjustment method.

2. Rotate the A/C RAIN control to suppress the rain clutter.

How to adjust the A/C RAIN control

1.13 Automatic Suppression of Sea and Rain Clutters

Both sea and rain clutters may be adjusted automatically. When this feature is active it overrides

the SEA and RAIN controls.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Auto Anti Clutter and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or On as appropriate.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.

Rough

Moderate

Calm

Rain clutter at RAIN control adjusted

screen center

Off

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-15

1.14 Cursor

The cursor functions to fthe range and bearing to a target or latititude and longitude position of a

target, and the default function is range and bearing. Roll the trackball to position the cursor and

then read cursor data at the screen bottom.

Cursor data

1.14.1 Cursor data

Cursor data can be shown as latitude and longitude or range and bearing to the cursor.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Brg/Rng or Lat/Long as appropriate.

4. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.

Cursor data

(L/L or range and bearing)

+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM

0.5

Curs

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-16

1.15 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the

same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular pat-

terns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge

of the picture. Activating the interference rejector circuit can reduce this type of interference.

The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals

over successive transmissions and suppresses randomly occurring signals. There are three levels

of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated.

Interference

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Interference Rejector and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off, Low, Med or High as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Be sure to turn off the interference rejector when no interference exists so as not to miss small

targets.

Off

Low

Med

High

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-17

1.16 Measuring the Range to a Target

The range to a target may be measured three ways: with the fixed range rings, with the cursor (if

set to measure range and bearing), or with the VRM.

Use the fixed range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target. They are the concen-

tric solid circles about own ship, or the sweep origin. The number of rings is automatically deter-

mined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the upper-left position of the

screen. Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the

range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

1.16.1 Adjusting range ring brilliance

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Brill/Color menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Range Rings Brill and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate brilliance and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.16.2 Measuring range by the variable range marker (VRM)

There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can discriminate

them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by different

lengths of dashes.

1. Press the VRM key to display either

of the VRMs. Successively pressing

the VRM key toggles the active

VRM between No. 1 and No. 2. The

currently active marker is enclosed

with >.....<.

2. Operate the Trackball to align the

active variable range marker with

the inner edge of the target of

interest and read its distance at the

lower-right corner of the screen.

Each VRM remains at the same

geographical distance when you

operate the RANGE key. This

means that the apparent radius of

the VRM ring changes in proportion

to the selected range scale.

3. Press the VRM key to erase each

VRM.

Off

Low

Medium

High

VRM1

+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM

VRM2 0.140

VRM1, VRM2

range

VRM1>0.007

VRM2

Target

How to measure range with VRMs

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-18

1.16.3 Choosing VRM unit

The unit of measurement used by the VRM can be selected to nautical miles, kilometers, statute

miles or kilometers/yard.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose VRM Unit and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose desired unit and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.17 Measuring the Bearing to a Target

Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of targets. There are two EBLs, No. 1

and No. 2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the

circumference of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed

one is the No. 2 EBL.

1. Press the EBL key to display either of the EBLs. Successively pressing the EBL key toggles

the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.

2. Operate the Trackball to bisect the target of interest with the EBL and read its distance at the

lower-left corner of the screen.

3. Press the EBL key to erase each EBL.

How to measure the bearing to a target with the EBL

kyd

EBL1

EBL1, EBL2

bearing

EBL1>270.0°R<

EBL2

EBL2 0.45.0°R

+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-19

1.17.1 EBL reference

The EBL readout is affixed by "R." (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T." (true) if it is

referenced to the north. You may choose relative or true in the head-up modes; in all other modes

it is always TRUE.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose EBL Reference and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.18 Measuring the Range and Bearing Between Two

Targets

You may shift the origin of the EBL to measure the range and bearing between two targets.

1. Press the EBL key to circumscribe the bearing indication of EBL1 or EBL2 with a dashed

rectangle.

2. Drag the EBL to the location of one target and then press the ENTER key to anchor the EBL.

3. Roll the trackball to shift the range marker to the location of the other target.

4. Read the bearing and range indications at the bottom of the screen.

Measuring range and bearing between two target with the EBL

To return the origin of the EBL to the screen center, press the EBL key to circumscribe the indi-

cation of that the EBL with a solid rectangle.

Relative

True

o. 1

No. 2

EBL

Range

Marker

Range/bearing

between targets 3 and

EBL1

EBL2

>140.0

335.2

VRM1

VRM2

>0.500NM<

0.980NM

Range

Marker

Target 4

Target 3

Target 1

EBL

origin

Target 2

Range/bearing

between targets 1 and 2

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-20

1.19 Target Alarm

The target alarm serves to alert the navigator to

targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a set

area, with audible and visual alarms.

The guard alarm zone has a fixed width of 0.5 nm

in the radial direction (depth) and is adjustable from

3.0 to 6.0 nm (guard zone 1) and any distance

(guard zone 2). The sector of the zone can be set

from 0 to 360 degrees in any direction.

The alarm may be set to sound against targets

entering or exiting the zone. See paragraph 1.20.3.

1.19.1 Setting a target alarm

The procedure which follows shows you how to set a target alarm, using the illustration below as

an example.

1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to activate ALARM 1 or ALARM 2 as appropriate.

2. Drag the cursor with the trackball to the location “A” and then press the ENTER key.

3. Drag the cursor to the location “B” and then press the ENTER key.

How to set a target alarm zone

Note 1: If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around own ship,

set point "B" in almost the same direction as point "A."

Note 2: Two target alarm zones may be set. Note however that the 2nd target alarm zone is avail-

able only when the 1st target alarm zone is active.

Note 3: When the target alarm zone is not within the range in use the indication OUT RNG

appears in the alarm status area. In this case choose a range which will display the target alarm

zone.

CAUTION

• The alarm should not be relied upon as

the sole means for detecting possible

collision situations.

• SEA, RAIN and GAIN controls

should be properly adjusted to be sure

the alarm system does not overlook

target echoes.

+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM

0.5

Cursor

Target alarm

zone

ALARM1_IN

Alarm statu

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-21

1.19.2 Acknowledging the alarm

A target in the target alarm zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beep) alarms. To

silence the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The alarm status shows "ALARM1(or

2) ACK." This will deactivate the audible alarm but will not stop the flashing of the offending target.

To reactivate the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key The alarm status is then shown

as ALARM 1 (or 2) IN(or OUT).

1.19.3 Choosing alarm type

As noted earlier the target alarm may be set sound against targets entering or exiting the alarm.

Choose desired type as below.

In and Out alarms

1. Press the MENU key to shown the menu.

2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Target Alarm1 Mode or Target Alarm2 Mode as appropriate and then press the ENTER

key.

4. Choose In to get the alarm on targets entering target alarm zone or Out to get the alarm on

targets exiting a target alarm zone.

5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key.

1.19.4 Deactivating a target alarm

1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to choose ALARM1 or ALARM2 indication at the bottom right

corner on the screen. The selected indication is circumscribed with a rectangle.

2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

3. Press the TARGET ALARM key again, and a dashed rectangle circumscribes the alarm indi-

cation selected.

4. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key again. The target alarm zone and the alarm indication are

erased from the screen.

Inward target alarm Outward target alarm

Out

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-22

1.19.5 Choosing target strength which triggers target alarm

You may choose the target strength level which triggers the alarm as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and the press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Alarm Level and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the echo strength level which you want to trigger the target alarm.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.20 Off Centering the Display

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to

a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more

than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin

will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.

This feature is not available on the 72 nm or 96 nm range scale nor in the true motion mode.

The display may be off centered manually, or automatically according to ship’s speed. Press the

OFF CENTER key successively to choose desired off centering method or turn off centering, in

the sequence of manual, automatic, off. OFF CENTER appears at the top left corner on the dis-

play when off centering is enabled. Off center is not available when the zoom function is in use.

1.20.1 Automatic off center

The amount of automatic shift is calculated according to ship's speed, and the amount of shift is

limited to 50% of the range in use. For example, if you set the shift speed setting for 15 knots and

the ship is running at 10 knots the amount of shift will be about 34%. The formula for determining

shift amount is as shown below. Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.

Choosing speed to use

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Max Shift Speed and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the speed to use and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Low

Medium

High

Ship's speed

Shift speed setting

X 0.5 = Amount of shift(%)

(1-99)

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-23

Activating automatic off center

Press the OFF CENTER key until OFF CENTER appears on the display and the display is not

shifted to the cursor location.

1.20.2 Manual off center

1. Place the cursor where you want locate the screen center.

2. Press the OFF CENTER key until the display shifts to cursor location.

1.21 Zoom

The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing size, in the

zoom window. You choose the target of interest to zoom with the zoom cursor and that target is

zoomed in the zoom window. Zoom is not available when the display is off centered.

Three types of zoom are available: Relative, True and Target.

Relative: The zoom cursor moves relative to own ship’s heading.

True: The zoom cursor moves with course and speed of own ship.

Target: The zoom cursor is fixed to the zoomed target.

1.21.1 How to zoom

1. Press the ZOOM key to turn on the zoom feature. ZOOM appears at the top right hand corner

of the screen together with the zoom cursor, a square (dashed or solid, depending on zoom

mode chosen) with a cursor at its center, and the zoom window. The location of the zoom win-

dow depends on the location of the zoom cursor. If the zoom cursor is on the left-half of the

screen, the zoom window is located at the right side of the screen and vice versa.

Zoom

2. For the Relative and True modes you may fix the zoom cursor, by pressing the ZOOM key

again. the zoom cursor then becomes solid.

3. To quit zoom, press the ZOOM key again.

+ 180.1°R 2.121 NM

0.5

oom cursor

(

dashed in

elative or true

ode)

Zoom

window

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-24

1.21.2 Zoom mode

You may choose the zoom mode from among Relative, True or Target.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Mark menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Zoom and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.22 Echo Stretch

The echo stretch feature enlarges targets to make them easier to see, and it is available on the

1.5 -12 nm ranges depending on echo stretch type. There are 3 settings: ES1 to enlarge in bearing

direction for long range detection, ES2 to enlarge in range direction and ES3 to enlarge in bearing

and range directions.

Echo stretch

Note 1: If the 1.5 nm is preset with a pulse length of S1 or S2, and the 3 nm scale with S2, the

echo stretch is not available on those range scales.

Note 2: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea

surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have

been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu

2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Relative

True

Target

Echo Stretch 1 Echo Stretch 2 Echo Stretch 3

Bearing

direction

Range

direction

Echo Stretch OFF

Target

Bearing

direction

Range

direction

Use on range

1.5 - 12 nm Use on range

1.5 - 6 nm

Off

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-25

1.23 Echo Averaging

The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets

such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On

the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture

frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged

over successive scans resulting in reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets

from sea clutter.

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the

ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while sup-

pressing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo average is not however effective for

picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.

Note 1: Do not use the echo average function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of target

detection can result.

Note 2: Echo average can be used without a heading sensor. For further details, contact your

dealer.

To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with

the A/C SEA control. Then, do as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Off

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-26

1.24 Target Trails

The trails of the radar echoes of targets may be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target

trails are chosen either relative or true and may be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails

require a compass signal and own ship speed input.

1.24.1 Starting, stopping trails

Press the TRAILS key to start trails and choose trail time. The chosen time, along with trail mode,

is shown at the bottom left corner as shown in the figure below.

Trail time is available among 15 s, 30 s, 1 min., 3 min., 6 min., 15 min., 30 min., Long trail setting

(if activated, see paragraph 1.24.10) and CONT(INUOUS) The longer the trail interval the longer

the length of the target trail.

Trail indications

To cancel all trails, press the TRAILS key to erase the trail indications.

1.24.2 Trail mode

You may display echo trails in true or rel-

ative motion (only true trail on TM). Rel-

ative trails show relative movements

between targets and own ship. True

motion trails require a gyrocompass

signal and own ship speed input to

cancel out own ship's movement and

present true target movements in accor-

dance with their over-the-ground speeds

and courses.

True

and relative target trails

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Mode and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate mode and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

TRAILS (T)

01H30M00S

Trail Mode (T, True, R, Relative)

Trail Time

(a) True target trails

(No smearing of

stationary targets)

(b) Relative target trails

Targets moving relative

to own ship

Relative

True

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-27

1.24.3 Trail gradation

Trails may be shown in single or multiple gradation (monocolor) or in multicolor.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Trail Gradation and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate trail gradation referring to the figure below and then press the ENTER

key. The item Rainbow display trails in multicolor.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.24.4 Trail color

You may choose trail color as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose the appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.24.5 Trail level

The level (intensity) of the afterglow which extends from radar targets may be chosen as below.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose 1, 2 or 3 as appropriate level and then press the ENTER key.

1: All: signals produce trails, 2: Normal, 3: Only weak signals produce trails

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Single

Multiple

Rainbow

Monotone

(Single) Gradual shading

(Multi)

Green

Red

Blue

White

Black

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-28

1.24.6 Trail copy

Trails are canceled and restarted whenever the range is changed. However, you may continue

trails on the same range, without restarting them, when the range is changed to a next larger or

smaller range scale. Note however that when the range is changed, only those trails within the

previous range are continued; no trails are generated for targets outside the previous range.

How trail copy works

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Trail Copy and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.24.7 Thin trails

Target trails may be painted with thinner lines if desired. This can be useful when there are a lot

of targets on the screen.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Thin and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.24.8 Own ship trail

You may show own ship’s trail as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Own Ship and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

(a) Previous range (b) New range

No trail generated

for target not within

previous range

Off

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-29

1.24.9 Restarting trails

You may clear all target trails to restart the trail process. Target trails are cleared and the trailing

process restarts from time count zero at the current target trail plot interval.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Restart Trails and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.24.10 Long trails

Several preset trail times are provided for your convenience. If you prefer a different time you may

set it as below. The setting range is 45 minutes to 48 hours, in increments of 15 minutes.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Long Trails and then press the ENTER key.

3. Roll the trackball upward or downward as appropriate to set time and

then press the ENTER key.

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.25 Parallel Index Lines

Parallel index lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline

or a partner ship when navigating. Two index lines are available and any two may be displayed.

You may control the orientation and line interval.

Parallel index lines

1.25.1 Turning parallel index lines on or off

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Parallel Line and then press the ENTER key.

00h:00m

(00h:45m-48h:00m)

Index

lines

Off

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-30

4. Choose the number of parallel index lines to show (2, 3 or 6) or choose Off to turn off the lines.

(The actual number of lines visible may be less depending on line interval.)

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.25.2 Using the parallel index lines

1. Press the EBL key to activate EBL2.

2. Roll the trackball to adjust the orientation of the lines.

3. Press the VRM key to activate VRM2.

4. Roll the trackball to adjust the interval between lines.

1.25.3 Parallel index lines mode

Index lines orientation may be chosen from parallel or vertical as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Parallel Line Mode and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Parallel or Vertical as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.26 Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin

Mark

The TLL key functions to output cursor position to a navigation plotter (where it is marked on its

screen) and inscribe an asterisk (*) mark at cursor position. Twenty marks may be inscribed on

the screen. When you enter a 21st mark the eldest mark is erased to make room for the latest. To

erase a mark, place the cursor on it and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

1.26.1 TLL key mode

The TLL key can be preset to output target position, inscribe the origin mark or do both.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose TLL Key Mode and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose TLL Output, Origin Mark or Both as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Parallel

Vertical

TLL Output

Origin Mark

Both

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-31

1.26.2 Origin mark mode

You may choose origin mark movement from either True or Relative as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Origin Mark Mode and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.27 Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading

Marker

The heading line indicate the ship's heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line

from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees

on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes the orientation depending on the ship orientation

in north-up and true motion modes. The heading marker is a small circle on the bearing scale to

indicate the heading when the display is off-centered or is in north-up or TM mode.

To temporarily hide the heading line and heading marker to look at targets existing dead ahead of

own ship, press and hold down the CANCEL/HL OFF key. To re-display the heading line release

the key.

Relative

True

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-32

1.28 Custom Setup

1.28.1 About custom setup

Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be

a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to

assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.

The radar's internal computer offers three default custom setups (see the table below). However

you may customize theses settings to meet your navigation needs, on the Custom 1, Custom 2

and Custom 3 menus.

To enable a custom setup, press the CUSTOM key. Each press of the key enables CUSTOM1,

CUSTOM or CUSTOM3 cyclically. The chosen custom setup name is shown at the top left corner.

To escape from custom setup, operate any control.

Default custom settings

Menu item

(radar function)

Default settings

Custom1 Custom2 Custom3

Name Harbor Long Sea

Gain Moderate Moderate Moderate

Sea Calm Calm Calm

Rain Calm Calm Calm

Pulse length Short Long Short

Echo stretch Off 2 Off

Echo average Off 3 3

Noise rejector Off Med High

Interference rejector High Low High

Auto anti-clutter Off Off Off

Display dynamic Wide Normal Wide

Display-curve 1 3 3

Antenna speed 48 rpm 24 rpm 48 rpm

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-33

1.28.2 Description of custom setup items

Description of custom setup items

1.28.3 Setting custom setups

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Custom 1, Custom 2 or Custom 3 as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Name and then press the ENTER key to display the options shown right.

4. Choose the name which best matches your desired objective and then press the

ENTER key.

5. Set other menu items according to the objective name chosen at step 4.

6. After adjusting all menu items, choose Save and then press the ENTER key.

CUSTOM SAVE COMPLETE appears when saving is completed.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Menu item Description of available settings See paragraph;

Name Harbor: Optimum setting for short range navigation in a

harbor area using a range scale of 1.5 nm or less

Long: Optimum setting for long range detection using a

range scale of 6 nm or larger

Sea: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy seas.

Rain: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy rain.

Buoy: Optimum setting for detecting navigation buoys.

Bird: Optimum setting for detecting birds.

Gain Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.

Manual: Manual adjustment

1.11

Sea Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.

Manual: Manual adjustment

1.12

Rain Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.

Manual: Manual adjustment

1.13

Pulse length Short or Long, changeable on 1.5 and 3 nm ranges. 1.10

Echo stretch Off, 1, 2, 3 1.23

Echo average Off, 1, 2, 3 1.24

Noise rejector Off, Low, Med, High 1.30

Interference rejector Off, Low, Med, High 1.16

Auto anti-clutter Off, On 1.14

Display dynamic Narrow, Normal, Wide. 1.36

Display-curve 1, 2, 3 1.37

Antenna speed 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, Auto/Range. 1.38

Harbor

Long

Sea

Rain

Buoy

Bird

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-34

1.29 Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys)

Less-often used functions are provided in the menu. To avoid opening the menus to set up the

radar for a particular situation, you may program a function key to provide one-touch access to a

desired function.

Function key operation

To activate a function, simply press the appropriate function key. Then, that function’s options

appear. Push the function key again to choose appropriate option and then press the ENTER key.

The default programs are F1, Echo averaging, F2, Display color.

Changing function key program

To change function key program, do the following:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Display and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Function 1 Setup or Function 2 Setup as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

Function list

4. Choose desired function from the list and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.30 Noise Rejector

White noise may show itself on the screen as random "speckles" spread over the entire radar

image. You can remove this noise as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Noise Rejector and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Range Rings Brill

Echo Color

Display Color

Background Color

Echo Color

Watchman Time

Data Box

Zoom Mode

STBY Mode Display

Auto Gain

Auto Sea

Auto Rain

Tune Mode

Pulse Length

Echo Stretch

Echo Average

Noise Rejector

Interference Rejector

Auto Anti Clutter

Display-Dynamic

Display-Curve

Antenna Speed

2nd Echo Rejector

Trails-Gradation

Trails-Color

Trails-Mode

Trails-Level

Trails-Copy

Trails-Restart

Trails-Thin

Trails-Own Ship

Waypoint Mark Display

Origin Mark Mode

TLL Key Mode

Parallel Line

Parallel Line Mode

EBL Reference

VRM Unit

Cursor Position

Target Alarm1 Mode

Target Alarm 2 Mode

Vector Time

Vector Reference

History Dots

History Intervals

CPA

TCPA

Proximity Alarm

ARP-Display

ARP-Symbol Color

ARP-Auto Acquire

ARP-All Cancel

AIS-Display

AIS-Symbol Color

AIS-Sort By

GPS-Type

GPS-Datum

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-35

1.31 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace

echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later,

or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

How 2nd trace echoes are produced

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose 2nd Echo Rejector and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.32 Watchman

The watch alarm sounds the audible alarm at the chosen time interval to help you keep regular

watch of the radar picture for safety or other purposes.

The watchman time appears at the lower-left corner of the screen with a watch alarm timer which

counts down from value set (for example, "10:00").

When a preset time interval has elapsed, the audible watch alarm is released, the screen label

WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at "0:00." To silence the alarm, press the

CANCEL/HL OFF key The label WATCH turns to normal color and the watch alarm timer is reset

to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

If you press the CANCEL key before the selected time interval is reached, the watch alarm timer

is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

To set watch time interval, do the following:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Watchman Time and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Second-trace

echo

Tx repetition

Actual range

False echo

range

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-36

1.33 Color Schemes

1.33.1 Preset color schemes

Preset color schemes are provided for optimum viewing in daytime, nighttime and twilight. A user

arrangeable color scheme is also provided. Below are the default color settings for each preset

color scheme.

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Display Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose a color scheme and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.33.2 User color scheme

The user color scheme lets you choose desired echo color and background color. The display

color must be set for “User” (in paragraph 1.33.1) to use user chosen echo and background colors.

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Echo Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose a color and then press the ENTER key. Multi displays echoes in colors of red, yellow

and green according to echo strength, and it is not available on the IMO spec. radar.

5. Choose Background Color and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose background color desired and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Display item and color

Day Night Twilight User

Text Black Red Green Green

Range rings Green Red Green Green

Echo Yellow Green Green Green

Background White Black Blue Black

Day

Night

Twilight

User

Yellow

Green

Multi

Black/Green

Black/Red

Blue/White

DK Blue/White

White/Green

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-37

1.34 Navigation Data

1.34.1 Navigation data during standby

Navigation data is shown when the radar is in standby. Appropriate sensors required to display

data.

Navigation data display at standby

14/MAY/2004

DATE

SPEED COURSE

POSITION

NNNE NE ENNWNW W

HEADING

LAT

LONG

90° 00.000 N

180° 00.000 E

99.9

kts

359.9°

TIME

23 : 59 : 59

XTE

9.99nm 359.9° STBY

DEPTH (m)

TEMP 65.3 65.3

20 10

WIND 65.3 (m/s)

45.0° (R)

Time until Tx in watchman

(Displayed when watchman is active.)

<WATCH> 19:59

(min)

30(min)

Heading indicator

Graphic appears even

if bearing signal is los

however the compass

point indications do n

appear.

Standby indicationi

Own ship marker

Fixed regardless

of ship's movement.

Heading

XTE-track

error

aypoint

lashes if

essel goes

utside display

earing.

Speed

Date

Position

Depth Wind speed

and direction Water

teemperature

Course

Time

(°C)

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-38

Depth and water temperature graphs

These graphs display the latest 30 minutes of respective data. The horizontal axis scale is

updated and plotted at intervals of 10 seconds. The vertical axis scale is adjusted automatically

for every 30 minutes of data. The unit of measurement may be chosen on the Initial sub menu in

the System menu.

Wind graph

WInd direction reference may be chosen (on the Initial sub menu) from True or Apparent.

Apparent wind is the direction (in relation to ship’s bow) and speed of the wind as it appears to

those on board, relative to the speed and direction of the boat; combination of the true wind and

the wind caused by the boat's movement. True wind is the speed and direction (in relation to

ship’s bow) of the wind felt or measured when stationary.

1.34.2 Navigation data at the bottom of the screen

Navigation data may be displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Navigation data

To show navigation data, do the following:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Data Box and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Nav or All and then press the ENTER key. (Choose All to display Nav data and ARPA

and AIS target data.)

5. Press the MENU to close the menu.

OWN LAT: 34°56.123 E

SHIP LON: 135°34.567 E

SPEED 12.34 kt

CURSOR LAT: 34°56.123 E

LON: 135°34.567 E

TTG: 01:00

TEMP 12.3

DEPTH 56.7 M

WAY 0.095 NM

POINT 90.0° M

TTG: 00:20

Off

Nav

Target

All

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-39

1.35 Dynamic Range

In radar systems, system dynamic range is crucial for differentiating between highly reflective tar-

gets and those which do not have optimum reflective properties. You may change the dynamic

range to better differentiate those targets as below.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Display-Dynamic and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Narrow (-6dB), Normal(-12dB) or Wide(-18dB) as appropriate and then press the

ENTER key.

Dynamic range settings

5. Press the MENU to close the menu.

1.36 Characteristics Curve

The characteristics curve of this radar may be changed to meet detection requirement.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Display-Curve and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose 1 (Linear), 2(Exponential) or 3(Logarithm) as appropriate and then press the ENTER

key.

5. Press the MENU to close the menu.

Narrow

Normal

Wide

6 db

12 db

18 db

Wide

Normal

Narrow

Normal

Wide

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-40

1.37 Antenna Speed

The antenna speed may be changed to meet operating requirement. Choose a high speed when

cruising at high speed to ensure timely update of radar targets. Note that the speed cannot be

changed on the 24 rpm motor; it is fixed at 24 rpm.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Antenna Speed and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate antenna speed. Auto/Range automatically changes antenna speed

according to range.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.38 Waypoint Mark

The waypoint marker shows the location of the destination waypoint set on a navigation plotter.

You can turn this mark on or off as follows:

Waypoint mark

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Waypoint Mark Display and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

24rpm

36rpm

48rpm

Auto/Range

+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM

0.5

Waypoi

mark

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-41

1.39 Alarm Message Display

When a violation occurs the radar generates audible and visual alarms to alert you. The alarm

message display shows all alarms currently violated. You may show this display as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Alarm Message and then press the ENTER key.

Alarm message display

To close the alarm message display, press any key.

List of alarm messages

Category Alarm name Alarm name

Signal missing

Heading Heading signal lost

Bearing Antenna rotation signal lost

Position Position data lost

Target Alarm

Target Alarm1 In (or Out) Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1.

Target Alarm1 In (or Out) Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1

ARP alarm

Collision CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and

TCPA.

Lost Acquired ARP target becomes lost

Target-Full Target tracking capacity is reached.

Proximity The range to an ARP target is less than the user-set proximity

alarm range.

AIS alarm

Collision CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and

TCPA.

Proximity The range to an AIS target is less than the user-set proximity

alarm range.

[Signal Missing]

[Target Alarm1]

[ARP Alarm]

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-42

1.40 Echo Area

The effective display area can be either ellipsis or square shaped.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Echo Area and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose desired display area configuration and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU to close the menu.

AIS system

TX TX stopped or TX error

ANT Antenna VSWR trouble

CH1 TDM2 RX1 board trouble

CH2 TDM2 RX2 board trouble

CH70 RX channel 70 trouble

FAIL System failure

EPFS External EPFS trouble

L/L Position data lost

SOG Speed data lost

COG Course data lost

HDG Heading data lost

ROT Rate of turn data lost

MKD Minimum input device lost

List of alarm messages

Category Alarm name Alarm name

Ellipsis

Square

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-43

1.41 Customizing (Initial Menu)

The Initial sub menu in the System menu contains items which allow you to customize your radar

to meet your operational needs.

1.41.1 Opening the Initial menu

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Roll the trackball to choose System followed by Initial and then press the ENTER key.

Initial menu

1.41.2 Description of Initial menu

Key Beep: A beep sounds when keys are pressed. You may turn this beep on or off.

Range Unit: Range may be shown in nm, km or sm.

Alarm Level: The target alarm may be set to sound against weak, medium or strong echoes.

TX Antenna Rotate: Radar pulses may be transmitted without rotating the antenna. For the ser-

vice technician.

Max Shift Speed: Set the maximum shift speed to use with automatic offcentering. The setting

range is 1-99 (kts)

STBY Mode Display: STBY Mode Display sets the function of the radar in standby. “Normal” dis-

plays “STBY” at the screen center; “Nav” displays navigation data, and “Economy” extinguishes

the backlight of the LCD to conserve power.

Bearing Source: Choose the type of bearing sensor connected to the radar; True (gyrocompass)

or Magnetic (magnetic compass).

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

Initial

System

Initial

Factory

Installation

Key Beep : On

Range Unit : nm

Alarm Level : Med

TX Antenna Rotate : Rotate

Max Shift Speed : 15 kt

STBY Mode Display : Normal

Bearing Source : Magnetic

Range Preset

Ship Speed Unit : kt

Depth Unit : m

Temperature Unit : °C

Wind Direction : Apparent

Wind Speed Unit : kt

Port 1 Setup : Auto

Port 2 Setup : Auto

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-44

Range Preset: You may choose the radar ranges you wish to use. When you choose Range

Preset the option window shown below appears. Choose a range and press the ENTER key to

turn that range on or off. At least two ranges must be turned on. The maximum range available

depends on radar model.

Available ranges

Ship Speed Unit: The ship’s speed unit may be selected to knots (kts), kilometers/hour (km/h) or

miles per hour (mph).

Depth Unit: The depth unit is available in meters (m), feet (ft), fathoms (fa), passi/braza (p/b) or

Hiro (hr).

Temperature Unit: Temperature may be displayed in °C (Celsius) or °F (Fahrenheit).

Wind Direction: Wind direction may be shown as True or Apparent. For further details, see para-

graph 1.35.1.

Wind Speed Unit: Wind speed may be shown in knots (kts), kilometers per hour (km/h), miles per

hour (mph) or meters/second (m/s).

Port 1: Set the baud rate of the equipment connected to Port1. “Auto” provides automatic detec-

tion of baud rate. External equipment must be equipped with auto baud rate detection feature.

Port 2: Same function as Port1 but for Port2.

Through Output: Data input to port 1 may be output from port 2. Choose “On” to use this feature.

0.125 On

0.25 On

0.5 On

0.75 On

1Off

1.5 On

2Off

3On

4Off

6On

8Off

12 On

16 On

24 On

36 On

48 On

72 On

96 On

Exit? Yes

2-1

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.1 General

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 nm,

a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point representing the

antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulse length, antenna height, and signal processing such as main

bang suppression and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far

as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution MSC.64(67) Annex 4 (Ship-

borne radar) and A.820: 1995 (High Speed Craft Radar) require the minimum range to be less

than 50 m and 35 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several fac-

tors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea,

the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little

shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction

property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)

h1: antenna height (m)

h2: target height (m)

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the

target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar

signal).

max

= 2.2 x ( h1 +h2 )

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2-2

2.1.2 X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between

X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have

better detection than an X-band radar.

2.1.3 Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range

resolution.

Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from

two targets which are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length

and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be

chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2.5Åã (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally sat-

isfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator

of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets

which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulse length only.

Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all

FURUNO radars.

Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an

echoing area of 10 m2.

2.1.4 Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be

measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the

radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship's heading, and thus, proper

adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy.

To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme posi-

tion on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

2.1.5 Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally,

there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker

(VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a

rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker's diameter is increased or

decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain

more accurate range measurements.

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2-3

2.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear

even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they

are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

2.2.1 Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge,

or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple

or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can

be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the SEA

control.

Multiple echoes

2.2.2 Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam,

called "sidelobes." If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main

lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side

lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through

careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the SEA control.

Sidelobe echoes

Own ship

Target

True

echo

Multiple

echo

Target B

(True)

Target B

(Spurious)

Target A

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2-4

2.2.3 Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One

of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is

caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below.

If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily

be seen on the screen.

Virtual image

2.2.4 Shadow sector

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle

subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced.

Within this sector targets can not be detected.

Shadow sectors

True

echo

False

echo

Own ship

Target ship

Mirror image

of target ship

Radar

antenna

Radar

mast

Shadow sector

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2-5

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

2.3.1 SART description

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within

a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which

is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps

rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the

band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles.

At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and

be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match

during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12

dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12

responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are

equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They

will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

Appearance of SART echo

9500 MHz

9200 MHz

Radar antenna

beamwidth

Screen A: When SART

is distant Screen B: When SART

is close

Lines of 12 dots

are displayed in

concentric arcs.

Echo from SART

Position of

SART

Own ship

position Own ship

position

SART mark

length Radar receiver

bandwidth

Sweep time

7.5 µs 95 µs

Sweep start High speed sweep signal

Low speed sweep signal

24 NM 1.5 NM

Position of

SART

Echo from

SART

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2-6

2.3.2 General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range

greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64

nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses

are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale

and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long

range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to

use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar side lobes

As the SART is approached, side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses

as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea

control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to

detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.

Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR

FOR SART DETECTION.

2.4 RACON

A RACON is a radar beacon which emits radar receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum

(X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the

radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar

beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.

RACON

3-1

3. ARP OPERATION

The Automatic Radar Plotter ARP-11 (option) manually or automatically acquires and tracks ten

targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1

to 32 nm.

3.1 Usage Precautions

No one navigational aid should be relied

upon for the safety of vessel and crew.

The navigator has the responsibility to

check all aids available to confirm

position. Electronic aids are not

a substitute for basic navigational

principles and common sense.

• This auto plotter automatically tracks an

automatically or manually acquired radar

target and calculates its course and

speed, indicating them by a vector. Since

the data generated by the auto plotter

are based on what radar targets are

selected, the radar must always be

optimally tuned for use with the auto

plotter, to ensure required targets will not

be lost or unwanted targets such as sea

returns and noise will not be acquired

and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land-

mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels

but can imply returns from sea surface

and clutter. As the level of clutter changes

with environment, the operator should

properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN

and GAIN controls to be sure target

echoes are not eliminated from the

radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of

this auto plotter meets IMO standards.

Tracking accuracy is affected by the

following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course

change. One to two minutes is required to

restore vectors to full accuracy after an

abrupt course change. (The actual

amount depends on gyrocompass

specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely

proportional to the relative speed of the

target. Delay is on the order of 15-30

seconds for high relative speed; 30-60

seconds for low relative speed.

Display accuracy is affected by the

following:

• Echo intensity

• Radar transmission pulsewidth

• Radar bearing error

• Gyrocompass error

• Course change (own ship or target)

CAUTION

3. ARP OPERATION

3-2

3.2 Controls for Use with ARP

ENTER: Acquires cursor-selected target; Displays data for tracked target (in the data box at the

bottom of the screen).

CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected tracked target from the data box; stops

tracking cursor-selected (when its data is not displayed in the data box.

MENU: Accesses the Target and ARP menus for ARP operations.

Trackball: Chooses target to acquire, cancel tracking or show target data.

3.3 ARP Display On/Off

You may turn off the ARP display as shown below.

1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.

ARP menu

3. Use the trackball to choose Display and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

ARP

System

DIsplay : Off

Symbol Color : Green

Auto Acquire : Off

All Cancel : No

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

Off

3. ARP OPERATION

3-3

3.4 Acquiring and Tracking Targets

Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you attempt to

acquire an 11th target, the message "ARP FULL - ALREADY TRACKING 10 TARGETS!" appears

for five seconds. To acquire another target, terminate tracking of an unnecessary target, as shown

in the paragraph 3.5.

3.4.1 Manual acquisition

When the automatic acquisition (AUTO ACQ. AREA) is set to on, up to five targets may be

acquired manually. If you attempt to acquire a sixth target, the alert message appears.

1. Place the cursor on the target to acquire.

2. Press the ENTER key.

The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute after acquisition,

indicating the target's motion trend.

ARP target mark

3.4.2 Automatic acquisition

The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic acquisition area.

When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets manually, only the remaining

capacity for targets may be automatically acquired. For example, if seven targets have been man-

ually acquired, three targets may be automatically acquired.

The automatic acquisition area is 2.0 to 2.5 miles in range and ±45° on either side of the heading

line in bearing.Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked when

switching to manual acquisition. Note that targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are con-

tinuously tracked when switching to manual acquisition.

Automatic acquisition area

1. Press the MENU key to show the main menu.

2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key

At acquisition 1 min. after

acquisition 3 min. after

acquisition

Vector

01 01 01 Target number

Automatic acquisition area

45° port 45° starboard

2.0 - 2.5 nm

3. ARP OPERATION

3-4

3. Choose Auto Acquire and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose On to enable automatic acquisition.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.5 Terminating Tracking of ARP Targets

When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are cancelled. If

you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one or more individual targets, or all

targets, using one of the procedures below.

3.5.1 Terminating tracking of selected targets

1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.

2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key to terminate tracking and erase the target.

3.5.2 Terminating tracking of all targets

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose All Cancel and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Yes.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Off

Yes

3. ARP OPERATION

3-5

3.6 Vector Attributes

What is a vector?

A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed and course of the

target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time

elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision

with any target.

Vector

Vector time, vector reference

Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to

North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

Target menu

3. Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.

5. Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the

ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: The functions of the Target menu are commonly shared by ARP

and AIS.

Vector

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

Target

System

Vector Time : 6 min

Vector Reference : Relative

History Dots : 5

History Intervals : 1 min

CPA : 1 nm

TCPA : 1 min

Proximity Alarm : Off

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

30sec

1min

3min

6min

15min

30min

Relative

True

Vector time choices

Vector reference choice

3. ARP OPERATION

3-6

3.7 History Display (target past position)

This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any

ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots.

Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement..

Target movement and history display

You may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.

7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.

8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running

straight (c) Ship reduced

speed

(d) Ship increased

speed

Off

15sec

30sec

1min

2min

3min

6min

12min

3. ARP OPERATION

3-7

3.8 ARP Target Data

You can show target data (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for two tracked ARP

targets, in the data box at the bottom of the screen. To display ARP target data, the ARP display

must be active and the menu item Data Box in the Display sub menu must be set for Target or All.

1. Place the cursor on the ARP target for which you want to know its data.

2. Press the ENTER key to show the target’s data.

ARP target data

The data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, first-

out basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an ARP

target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data

of the newly selected ARP target.

To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

BRG 016.4

R RNG 00.65NM CPA 00.60NM

CSE 018.4

M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00

TRUE 5 min

Data box (A or B)

Vector reference

Vector time

Target no.

Time to CPA

No.10

Data box A Data box B

earing, range, CPA

ourse, speed, TCPA

+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM

0.5

Cursor

ARP Targe

3. ARP OPERATION

3-8

3.9 CPA and TCPA Alarm

When the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range

or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the collision

visual alarm is generated.. In addition, the target plot symbol of the offending target changes to a

triangle and flashes together with its vector. You may silence the audio alarm and acknowledge

the alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues until

you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted

range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to

own ship.

This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However,

it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP

is set up so that it can track targets effectively..

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.

5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

CAUTION

The CPA/TCPA alarm should never be

relied upon as the sole means for detect-

ing the risk of collision. The navigator is

not relieved of the responsibility to keep

visual lookout for avoiding collisions,

whether or not the radar or other plotting

aid is in use.

Off

0.5nm

1nm

2nm

3nm

5nm

6nm

30sec

1min

2min

3min

4min

5min

6min

12min

3. ARP OPERATION

3-9

3.10 Proximity Alarm

The proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range

you specify.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.11 Lost Target

When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is dis-

continued after one minute.

Lost target mark

Canceling a lost target

Place the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

Off

0.5nm

1nm

2nm

3nm

5nm

6nm

12nm

24nm

3. ARP OPERATION

3-10

3.12 Symbol Color

You may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Green

Red

Blue

White

Black

4-1

4. AIS OPERATION

Connected to an AIS Transponder via an AIS Interface, the FR-8xx2 series can show the name,

position and other nav data of the nearest 100 AIS transponder-equipped ships.

This radar accepts position data fixed by WGS-84 geodetic datum. Set the datum to WGS-84 on

the GPS navigator connected to this radar. If other type of datum is input, the error message

"DATUM" appears and the AIS feature is inoperative.

4.1 Controls for Use with AIS

ENTER: Displays data for cursor-selected active AIS target (in the data box at the bottom of the

screen).

CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected AIS target from the data box.

MENU: Accesses the Target and AIS menus for AIS operations.

Trackball: Chooses active target to display its data.

4.2 Turning the AIS Display On or Off

You may turn the AIS display on or off. The system continues processing of AIS targets regardless

of whether the AIS display is on or off, provided it has been activated.

1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.

2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.

AIS menu

3. Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

AIS

System

Display : Off

Symbol Color : Green

Range : 3.0nm

Sector Start : 340

Sector End : 20

Sort By : Range

Number of Target : 100

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

4. AIS OPERATION

4-2

4.3 AIS Symbols

When the AIS is turned on, AIS targets are marked with appropriate AIS symbol as below.

AIS symbols

Note 1: AIS symbols are momentarily erased after the screen is redrawn when the heading is

changed in the Head-up mode.

Note 2: When no AIS data is received, the message "RECEIVE" appears in the text window.

Check the AIS transponder.

4.4 Activating Targets

When you convert a sleeping target to an activated target, that target's course and speed are

shown with a vector. You can easily judge target movement by monitoring the vector.

Appearance of an active target

To activate or sleep a target, place the cursor on the target and press the ENTER key.

Sleeping target Activated target Dangerous

target

Lost target Target selected

for data display

Heading line

COG (Course over Ground) vector

(If there is no heading data,

the line points in direction of COG.)

Rate of turn

(ROT)

4. AIS OPERATION

4-3

4.5 Displaying AIS Target Data

Place the cursor on the active target that you want to know its data.

AIS data

The data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, first-

out basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an AIS

target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data

of the newly selected AIS target.

To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

Data box A Data box B

+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM

0.5

AIS Target

BRG 123.4°R RNG 23.45NM CPA 10.00NM

CSE 303.4°M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00

ATRUE 5 min MMSI: *********

Data box (A or B)

Vector reference

Vector time

MMSI of vessel

Length, Bea

of vessel

NAME: PEGASUS

LENGTH: 100M BEAM: 45M

Name of

vessel

earing, range, CPA

ourse, speed, TCPA

4. AIS OPERATION

4-4

4.6 Display Range

You may set the AIS target display range as below. This allows you to view only those AIS targets

within the range you specify. The setting range is 0-96 miles but actual range depends on the con-

nected AIS Transponder. If the target sorting method is selected to “Range,” the target data within

the range set here are transmitted to this radar.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to set the display range and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.7 Sorting Targets

You may sort AIS targets by range from own ship, by sector, by CPA or TCPA.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to choose desired sorting method and then press the ENTER key. For

“Sector”, the data for targets within the sector are transmitted to this radar.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3nm

(0.1nm-96.0nm)

Range

Sector

CPA

TCPA

4. AIS OPERATION

4-5

4.8 Display Sector

You may choose the area where to display AIS targets. The range of the sector may be from 0°

to 359°.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Sector Start and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to set the starting point for the sector and then press the ENTER key.

5. Choose Sector End and then press the ENTER key.

6. Use the trackball to set the end point for the sector and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.9 Number of Targets to Display

You may choose the number of AIS targets to display, from 10-100. This feature is useful when

the screen becomes cluttered with AIS targets.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Number of Targets and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to choose the number of targets to display and then press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

340

(0-359)

100

(0-100)

4. AIS OPERATION

4-6

4.10 Vector Attributes

What is a vector?

A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated course of the AIS target.

The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It

can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any

target. (See the illustration on page 4-2 for the appearance of a vector.)

Vector time, vector reference

Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to

North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

Target menu

3. Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.

5. Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER

key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

Target

System

Vector Time : 6 min

Vector Reference : Relative

History Dots : 5

History Intervals : 1 min

CPA : 1 nm

TCPA : 1 min

Proximity Alarm : Off

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

30sec

1min

3min

6min

15min

30min

Relative

True

Vector time choices

Vector reference choice

4. AIS OPERATION

4-7

4.11 History Display (target past position)

This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any

ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots.

Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.

Target movement and history display

You may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.

7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.

8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running

straight (c) Ship reduced

speed

(d) Ship increased

speed

Off

15sec

30sec

1min

2min

3min

6min

12min

4. AIS OPERATION

4-8

4.12 CPA and TCPA Alarm

When the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range

or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the symbol

of the offending AIS target changes to the dangerous target symbol.

Dangerous target symbol

You may silence the audio alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the symbol con-

tinues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the

predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of

each AIS target.

This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However,

it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.

5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.

6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Triangle is thicker

than that of active

target

Off

0.5nm

1nm

2nm

3nm

5nm

6nm

30sec

1min

2min

3min

4min

5min

6min

12min

4. AIS OPERATION

4-9

4.13 Proximity Alarm

The proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range

you specify.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.14 Lost Target

When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is dis-

continued after one minute.

Lost target mark

Canceling a lost target

Place the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

Off

0.5nm

1nm

2nm

3nm

5nm

6nm

12nm

24nm

4. AIS OPERATION

4-10

4.15 Symbol Color

You may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Green

Red

Blue

White

Black

5-1

5. GPS OPERATION

With connection of a FURUNO GPS navigator, you may set up the GPS navigator from this radar.

5.1 Navigator Type

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

GPS menu

3. Choose Type and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose type of navigator connected to this radar and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

GPS

System

Type : WAAS

Datum : WGS-84

Datum Number : 001

WAAS : Auto

WAAS Number : 120

GPS Self Test

Satellite Monitor

Type 16 Message

Forward Offset : 0

Right Offset : 0

Cold Start

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

GPS

WAAS

DGPS

5. GPS OPERATION

5-2

5.2 Datum

Choose the datum type which matches the paper nautical charts you are using. Choose WGS-84

if the radar is interfaced to an AIS Transponder.

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Datum and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose appropriate datum type and then press the ENTER key. For Other, do steps 5 and 6.

For other choices, go to step 7.

5. Choose Datum Number and then press the ENTER key.

6. Use the trackball to choose datum number and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

5.3 WAAS Setup

Choose either automatic or manual WAAS satellite tracking. For manual tracking choose the

WAAS satellite to use.

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose WAAS and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Auto or Manual as appropriate and then press the ENTER key. For Manual, do steps

5 and 6. For Auto, go to step 7.

5. Choose WAAS Number and then press the ENTER key.

6. Use the trackball to choose appropriate WAAS satellite number and then press the ENTER key.

7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

WGS-84

Tokyo

Other

001

Auto

Manual

120

5. GPS OPERATION

5-3

5.4 Satellite Monitor

The Satellite Monitor provides comprehensive information about GPS and WAAS satellites. For

more detailed information, see your GPS navigator’s owner’s manual.

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Satellite Monitor and then press the ENTER key.

Satellite monitor

To close only the satellite monitor display, press the ENTER key.

D3D DOP

1.5

85m

Satellite Monitor

DGPS Status

Station Health

DGPS Data

Signal Strength

Signal SNR

10dB

11dB

Altitude

01GPS

WAAS

SNRSatellite

30 40 50

122

Satellite Monitor

01 06

07 08

Bearing

display

DOP (Dilution of Precision, 0-99.0)

SNR of tracked GPS satellites

Satellites whose SNR is above

40 are used to fix position.

GPS mode

2D, 3D, D2D

D3D, W2D

W3D, DOP

GPS satellite

no.

WAAS

satellite

Satellites in ring

have elevation

angle of 5°

Satellites in ring

have elevation

angle of 45°

K or NG (No Good) displayed

0-99 db, higher the better

Satellite

altitude

WAAS satellite

[MENU]: Close MENU [ENTER]: Close this window

5. GPS OPERATION

5-4

5.5 Type 16 Message

The type 16 message provides weather information. It is transmitted by the Japan Maritime Safety

Agency, thus you must be within the transmitting range of a japanese DGPS reference station to

receive this type of message.

You may display this type of message as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Type 16 Message and then press the ENTER key. (If no messages are present you

cannot choose this menu item.)

Type 16 message

Weather messages from as many as six DPGS reference stations are shown and the latest is at

the top.The oldest message is erased when a new message arrives.

To close only the message board, press the ENTER key.

Type 16 Message

Point Name Time Wind Pressure Wave

Direction/Speed

Murotasaki

Kobe

Osakako

Oseki

Tomgashima

Shinomisaki

13:25

13:55

13:45

13:15

13:50

13:55

13:35

13:05

13:30

13:00

ENE

SSW

10m

1015hPa

1016hPa

1015hPa

1017hPa

1013hPa

1015hPa

1016hPa

10m

13m

11m

10m

13:30

13:00 NW

W5m

10m 1015hPa

1016hPa 5m

10m

[MENU]: Close MENU [ENTER]: Close this window

ame of DGPS

eference station

Time

Wind direction

and speed

(16 compass pts.)

Atmospheric

pressure (0-9999 hPa)

Wave heig

(0-99 m)

5. GPS OPERATION

5-5

5.6 GPS Sensor Installation Position Offset

The installation position of the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna must be the same in

order to get accurate position information on the radar. If they are different, measure the distance

between the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna, in the bow/stern and/or port/starboard

direction, and enter those distances in the radar as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Forward Offset (bow or stern offset) or Right Offset (port or starboard offset) as appro-

priate and then press the ENTER key.

4. Use the trackball to set value and then press the ENTER key.

+ value: Bow direction, port direction

- value: Stern direction, starboard direction

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

+ 0m

(-999m-+999m)

5. GPS OPERATION

5-6

5.7 Cold Start

A cold start may be necessary in the following conditions:

• If the GPS receiver has been powered off for a long period of time.

• The vessel has far away from the previous fixing position (e.g., more than 500 km).

• Other reason that prevents the receiver from finding its position within five minutes after power

on.

To perform a cold start, do the following:

1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.

2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose Cold Start and then press the ENTER key.

4. Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Confirm

Is it all right?

Yes

6-1

6. MAINTENANCE &

TROUBLESHOOTING

This chapter provides the necessary procedures for maintenance and troubleshooting. Follow the

recommend procedures to keep your radar in good working order.

WARNING

Do not open the equipment.

Hazardous voltage which can

cause electrical shock exists

inside the equipment. Only

qualified personnel should

work inside the equipment.

Turn off the radar power

switch before servicing the

antenna unit. Post a warn-

ing sign near the switch

indicating it should not be

turned on while the antenna

unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of

being struck by the rotating

antenna and exposure to

RF radiation hazard.

Wear a safety belt and hard

hat when working on the

antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can

result if someone falls from

the radar antenna mast.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-2

6.1 Preventive Maintenance

Regular maintenance is important for optimum performance. A maintenance program should be

established and should at least include the items shown in the table below.

Maintenance

Interval Item Check point Remedy

When

necessary

LCD The LCD will, in time,

accumulate a coating of

dust which tends to dim

the picture. Wipe LCD

lightly with soft cloth to

remove dust.

Wipe the LCD carefully to prevent

scratching, using tissue paper and an

LCD cleaner. To remove dirt or salt

deposits, use an LCD cleaner, wiping

slowly with tissue paper so as to dissolve

the dirt or salt. Change paper frequently

so the salt or dirt will not scratch the

LCD. Do not use solvents such as

thinner, acetone or benzene for

cleaning. They may remove paint and

markings.

3 to 6

months

Ground

terminal on dis-

play unit

Check for tight connec-

tion and rust.

Tighten or replace as necessary.

DIsplay unit

connectors

Check for tight connec-

tion.

Tighten if loosened.

Exposed nuts

and bolts on

antenna unit

Check for corroded or

loosened bolts.

Clean and repaint as necessary. Sealing

compound may be used in place of paint.

Antenna

radiator

Check for dirt and cracks

on radiator

surface.f

Clean radiator surface with freshwater-

moistened cloth. Do not use plastic sol-

vents for cleaning.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-3

6.2 Replacement of Fuses

The fuse on the power cable protects the equipment from reverse polarity of the ship's mains and

equipment fault. If the fuse blows, find out the cause before replacing it. Use the correct fuse.

Using the wrong fuse will damage the equipment and void the warranty.

6.3 Replacing the Magnetron

When the magnetron has expired, distant targets cannot be seen on the display. When you feel

that long range performance has decreased, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replace-

ment.

Unit and fuses

Unit Power supply Fuse

DIsplay unit 12 V 15 A

24 V 10 A

Power supply unit

(for FR-8252)

12 V 15 A

24 V 10 A

Model and magnetron

Model Magnetron type Code No.

FR-8062 MAF1422B 000-146-871

FR-8122 MAF1425B 000-146-872

FR-8252 MAF1458B 000-140-344

WARNING

Use the proper fuse.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage

to the equipment or cause fire.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-4

6.4 Trackball Maintenance

If the cursor skips or moves abnormally, you may need to clean the Trackball.

DIsplay unit

1. Turn the retainer ring counterclockwise 45° to unlock it.

2. Remove the retainer ring and ball.

3. Clean the ball with a soft lint-free cloth, and then blow carefully into the ball-cage to dislodge

dust and lint.

4. Look for a build-up of dirt on the metal rollers. If dirty, clean the rollers with a cotton swab moist-

ened lightly with isopropyl-rubbing alcohol.

5. Make sure that fluff from the swab is not left on the rollers.

6. Replace the ball and retainer ring. Be sure the retainer ring is not inserted reversely.

Trackball maintenance parts are available as below.

Part Type No. Code No.

Retainer ring and ball MU3721 000-144-645

ENTER

TARGET

ALARM

CANCEL

HL OFF

TLLMENU

EBL

ZOOM OFF

CENTER

TRAILS

VRM

PUSH AUTO/MAN

STBY

MODE

CUSTOM

RANGE

GAIN

SEA

RAIN

POWER

BRILL

Trackball

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-5

6.5 Simple Troubleshooting

This section provides simple troubleshooting procedures which the user can follow to restore

normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation do not attempt to check inside the unit.

Any trouble should be referred to a qualified technician.

Simple troubleshooting

If... But... Then...

you cannot turn on

the power

• Check for blown fuse.

• Check that the power connector is firmly

fastened.

• Check for corrosion on the power cable

connector.

• Check for damaged power cable.

• Check battery for proper voltage output (10.8-

31.2 V).

there is no response

when a key is

pressed

Turn off and on the power. If there still is no

response the key may be faulty. Contact your

dealer for advice.

if the power is on and

you operated the

STBY/TX key to

transmit

nothing appears on the

display

Check that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.

marks and legends

appears

no echo appears Check that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.

tuning is properly

adjusted

sensitivity is poor The magnetron may need to be replaced.

Contact your dealer.

the range is changed but radar picture does not

change

• Try to hit the RANGE key again.

• Turn the display unit off and on.

there is poor discrim-

ination in range

Adjust the SEA control.

the true motion

presentation is not

working properly

• Reselect the true motion mode.

• Check if heading and speed are input.

the range rings are

not displayed

Check that the setting of Range Rings Brill in the

Brill/Color sub menu is set to other than Off.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-6

6.6 Advanced-level Troubleshooting

This paragraph describes how to cure hardware and software troubles which should be carried

out by qualified service personnel.

Note: This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis and repair down

to component level are not practicable by users.

Advanced-level troubleshooting

Problem Probable cause or

check points Remedy

Power turned on but

radar does not work

1) Blown fuse.

2) Mains voltage/polarity

3) Power supply board

1) Replace blown fuse.

2) Correct wiring and input voltage.

3) Replace power supply board.

Brilliance adjusted

but no picture

1) SPU Board 1) Replace SPU board.

Antenna not rotating 1) Antenna drive mechanism 1) Replace antenna drive mechanism.

Data and marks not

displayed in Transmit

status

1) SPU board 1) Replace SPU board.

Adjust GAIN with

SEA set at minimum.

Marks and indications

appear but no noise

or echo

1) IF amplifier

2) Signal cable between

antenna and processor unit

3. Video amplifier board

1) Replace IF amplifier.

2) Check continuity and isolation of coaxial

cable.

Note: Disconnect the plug and lugs at both

ends of coaxial cable before checking it (by

ohmmeter).

3) Check coax line for secure connection. If

connection is good, replace SPU board.

Marks, indications

and noise appear but

no echo (Transmis-

sion leak repre-

senting own ship

position is absent)

1) Tx fuse

2) Magnetron

3) Modulator board

4) SPU board

1) If fuse has blown, replace it. If it blows

again, the modulator or associated circuit

may be defective.

2) Check magnetron current.

3) Replace modulator board.

4) Replace SPU board.

Picture not updated

or picture freeze-up

1) Bearing signal generator

2) SPU board

3) Video freeze-up

1) Check that signal cables are fastened

securely.

2) Replace SPU board.

3) Turn the radar off and on.

Radar is properly

tuned but sensitivity is

poor

1) Deteriorated magnetron

2) Detuned MIC

3) Dirt on radiator face

4) 2nd trace echo rejector is

ON.

1) With the radar transmitting on 48 nm

range, check magnetron current. If cur-

rent is below normal, magnetron may be

defective. Replace the magnetron.

2) Check MIC detecting current. If it is below

normal value, MIC may have become

detuned. MIC must be tuned

3) Clean radiator.

4) Turn off the 2nd trace echo rejector, on

the Echo menu.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-7

Range changed but

radar picture does not

change

1) Defective range key

2) SPU board

3) Video freeze-up

1) Try to operate the RANGE key. If unsuc-

cessful, replacement of the keypad may

be necessary.

2) Replace SPU board.

3) Turn radar off and on.

Interference rejector

is not working (inter-

ference rejection

level not displayed)

1) SPU Board 1) Replace SPU Board.

Echo stretch is not

working (Neither

ES1, ES2 or ES3 is

displayed)

1) SPU Board 1) SPU Board

Range rings are not

displayed

1) Adjust their brilliance on the

Brill/Color menu.

2) SPU Board

1) Replace associated circuit board if unsuc-

cessful.

2) Replace SPU Board.

Poor discrimination in

range

Sea clutter control not func-

tioning properly

Improper adjustment of SEA control.

True motion presen-

tation not working

properly

1) Poor contact of MODE key.

2) TM display accurate 1) Try to press the key a little harder.

2) Make sure that speed and compass

inputs are accurate.

Target not tracked

correctly

Poor definition of targets in sea

clutter

Adjust SEA and RAIN controls.

Advanced-level troubleshooting

Problem Probable cause or

check points Remedy

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-8

6.7 System Test

The diagnostic test checks the system for proper operation.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.

Factory menu

GPS

Brill/Color

Echo

Mark

Target Trails

Custom 1

Display

Custom 2

Custom 3

Target

ARP

AIS

Manual Tune

System

Initial

Factory

Installation

Test

LCD Pattern

Memory Clear

Factory

S/T / W/X: Select

[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back

[MENU]: Exit

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-9

3. Use the trackball to choose Test and then press the ENTER key.

DIagnostics screen

• At the top of the screen the results of system checks are displayed. OK or NG (No Good)

is shown as the result for the check of ROM, RAM, data ports NMEA1 and NMEA2

(blank if no data is input) and RS-232C. For any NG contact your dealer for advice.

PROGRAM NUMBER shows program number and program version number.

• Heading and bearing signals are checked for proper input and the result displayed as

OK or NG. Tune and indicator voltages, antenna rotation speed, antenna motor voltage,

echo level and trigger frequency are measured and shown. TOTAL ON TIME and

TOTAL TX TIME show the total number of hours the radar has been powered and trans-

mitted, respectively.

• The INPUT NMEA window shows all the NMEA sentences being input to this radar.

• If the optional ARP-11 is connected, its program number and test results are shown

below the INPUT NMEA window.

INPUT NMEA

ROM : OK

RAM : OK

NMEA1 : OK

NMEA2 : OK

RS-232C : OK

PROGRAM NUMBER : 0317101-XX.XX

HEADING : OK

BEARING : OK

TUNE VOLTAGE : 10.1 V

INDICATOR VOLTAGE : 4.2 V

ANTENNA ROTATION : 48.1 rmp

MOTOR VOLTAGE : 23.4 V

ECHO LEVEL : -40 dBm

TRIGGER FREQUENCY : 3000 Hz

TOTAL ON TIME : 123456.7 H

TOTAL TX TIME : 987654.3 H

Input NMEA data sentences appear here.

ARP-11 PROGRAM NUMBER: 035-1515-XX.XX

ARP-11 : OK

[MENU] x 3 : Exit

000

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-10

• At the right side of the display there are squares, circles and ovals, and they are for

checking the controls of the display unit and remote controller. Press each key one by

one. The key’s on location “lights” (color depends on color scheme in use) if the key is

functioning normally and extinguishes when the key is released. For the GAIN, SEA and

and RAIN controls the three-digits below each control changes according to control

position, and the range is 0-100. The three digits below the trackball show the trackball’s

on-screen X-Y position and the range of display is 0-255.

4. Press the MENU key three times on the display unit or remote controller to esape from the test.

6.8 LCD Test

The LCD pattern test checks the LCD for proper display of colors.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Use the trackball to choose LCD Pattern and then press the ENTER key.

The screen is initially all white. Hit the MENU key to display the test pattern for black, red, blue

and green colors.

LCD test screens

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

WHITE BLACK RED GREEN BLUE

key

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-11

6.9 GPS Test

The FURUNO GPS receiver interfaced with this radar can be checked for proper operation as fol-

lows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.

3. Use the trackball to choose GPS Self Test and then press the ENTER key. The program no.

and results of the test are shown, as OK or NG (No Good). For NG, check the GPS receiver

GPS self test results

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

GPS Self Test

Program No. : 48502380XX

Result : OK

XX = Program version no.

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6-12

6.10 Clearing the Memory

You may wish to clear the memory to restore all default settings, to start afresh.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.

3. Use the trackball to choose Memory Clear and then press the ENTER key. You are asked if you

are sure to clear the memory.

4.Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key to clear the memory.

5. When the memory is cleared a long buzzer sounds.

Confirm

Is it all right?

Yes

FURUNO

FR-8xx2 Series

SP - 1 E354S01A

SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR

FR-8062/FR-8122/FR-8252

1. GENERAL

1.1 Range, Pulse length, (PL) & Pulse repetition rate (PRR)

Range (nm) Pulse length (µs) PRR (Hz approx.)

0.125 to 1.5 0.08 2100

1.5 to 3 0.3 1200

3 to 96 0.8 600

1.2 Maximum Range 96 nm (all models)

1.3 Range Resolution 20 m

1.4 Bearing Resolution 1.9° (4 ft), 1.2° (6 ft)

1.5 Minimum Range 21 m

1.6 Bearing Accuracy ±1.0°

1.7 Range, Range Ring Accuracy 1.0% of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater

2. ANTENNA UNIT

2.1 XN-12A (4 ft)

2.1.1 Radiator Slotted array

2.1.2 Polarization Horizontal

2.1.3 Antenna Rotation 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor

fixed at 24 rpm.)

2.1.4 Radiator Length 125.5 cm

2.1.5 Horizontal Beamwidth 1.9°

2.1.6 Vertical Beamwidth 2.2°

2.1.7 Sidelobe Attenuation -24 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe)

-30 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more)

2.2 XN-13A (6 ft)

2.2.1 Radiator Slotted array

2.2.2 Polarization Horizontal

2.2.3 Antenna Rotation 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor

fixed at 24 rpm.)

2.2.4 Radiator Length 180 cm

2.2.5 Horizontal Beamwidth 1.35°

2.2.6 Vertical Beamwidth 2.2°

2.2.7 Sidelobe Attenuation -28 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe)

-35 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more)

3. RF TRANSCEIVER

3.1 Frequency and Modulation 9410 MHz ±30MHz (X band), P0N

3.2 Peak Output Power FR-8062: 6 kW, FR-8112: 12 kW, FR-8052: 25 kW

FURUNO

FR-8xx2 Series

SP - 2 E354S01A

3.3 Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz

3.4 Tuning Automatic or manual

3.5 Pulse length, PL, PRF and range

Pulse length Short Medium Long

PL (µs) 0.08 0.3 0.8

PRF (Hz) 2100 1200 800

Range scale (nm) 0.125, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75, 1,0 1.5, 2, 3 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 64,

72, 96

3.6 Noise figure 6 dB (typical)

4. DISPLAY UNIT

4.1 Display 12.1-inch rectangular TFT color LCD, 600 x 800 dots,

Effective radar display 298 dots

4.2 Range, Range Ring Interval (RI), Number of Rings

Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 6

Ring

Interval 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 4 4 6 8 1

No. of

rings 5 5 5 3 4 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 6 6 4 6 6

4.3 Markers Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings, Variable Range

Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), Target Alarm

Zone, Waypoint Mark (navigation input required), Zoom Win-

dow

4.4 Alphanumeric Indications Range, Range Ring Interval, Interference Rejection (IR), Vari-

able Range Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL),

Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Averaging (EAV), TX Pulse width,

Guard Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT)), Echo Stretch (ES), Range and

Bearing to Cursor or Cursor Position, Echo Trail Reference,

Echo Trail Time, Nav Data (Position, Speed, Course, etc.),

ARP/AIS Target Data

5. POWER SUPPLY

5.1 Rated Voltage/Current FR-8062 - 12-24 VDC: 3.2 A (24 V, no wind)

FR-8122 - 12-24 VDC: 3.8 A (24 V, no wind)

FR-8252 - 12-24 VDC: 5.0 A (24 V, no wind)

5.2 Rectifier (option) 100-115/220-230 VAC, 1 phase, 50/60 Hz

6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

6.1 Ambient Temperature Antenna Unit: -25°C to +70°C

Display Unit: -15°C to +55°C

Remote Controller: +5°C to +45°C

Power Supply Unit: -15°C to +55°C

6.2 Relative Humidity 93% or less at +40°C

FURUNO

FR-8xx2 Series

SP - 3 E354S01A

6.3 Waterproofing Antenna Unit: IPX6

Display Unit: IPX5

Remote Controller, Power Supply Unit: IPX0

6.4 Vibration IEC 60945-4th - 2Hz to 5 Hz and up to 13.2 Hz with a deviation of ±1 mm

±10% (7 m/s2 maximum acceleration at 13.2 Hz);

- above 13.2 Hz and up to 100 Hz with a constant maximum

acceleration of 7 m/s2 .

7. COATING COLOR

7.1 Display Unit N3.0

7.2 Antenna Unit N9.5

FURUNO

FR-8xx2 Series

SP - 4 E354S01A

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IN-1

INDEX

Advanced-level troubleshooting, 6-6

AISactivating targets, 4-2

activating, deactivating, 4-1

controls for, 4-1

CPA, TCPA alarm, 4-8

display on/off, 4-2

display range, 4-4

display sector, 4-5

lost target, 4-9

number of targets, 4-5

proximity alarm, 4-9

sorting targets, 4-4

symbol color, 4-10

target data, 4-3

target past positions (history display), 4-7

vector, 4-6

Alarm message, 1-44

Antenna speed, 1-42

ARP

acquiring targets, 3-3

activating, deactivating, 3-2

controls for, 3-2

CPA, TCPA alarm, 3-8

lost target, 3-9

past target positions, 3-6

proximity alarm, 3-9

symbol color, 3-10

terminating tracking of target, 3-4

usage precautions, 3-1

vector, 3-5

Background color, 1-38

CANCEL/HL OFF key, 1-33

Characteristics curve, 1-42

Color schemes, 1-38

Control description, 1-2

Controls, 1-1

Course-up mode, 1-9

Cursor, 1-15

CUSTOM key, 1-34

Custom setup

description, 1-34

setting, 1-35

Depth unit, 1-47

Dynamic range, 1-41

EBL

measuring bearing by, 1-19

reference, 1-19

EBL key, 1-20

Echo area, 1-45

Echo averaging, 1-27

Echo stretch, 1-26

F1, F2 key, 1-36

False echoes, 2-3

Function keys, 1-36

Fuse replacement, 6-3

GAIN control

adjustment method, 1-11

automatic adjustment, 1-11

manual adjustment, 1-12

GPS

cold start, 5-6

datum, 5-2

navigator type, 5-1

satellite monitor, 5-3

sensor installation offset, 5-5

test, 6-11

type 16 message, 5-4

WAAS, 5-2

GPS test, 6-11

Heading line, 1-33

Heading marker, 1-33

Head-up mode, 1-8

Head-up true bearing mode, 1-9

Indications, 1-5

Initial menu, 1-46

Interference rejector, 1-16

Key beep, 1-46

Magnetron replacement, 6-3

Maintenance

fuse replacement, 6-3

magnetron replacement, 6-3

preventive, 6-2

trackball, 6-4

Memory clear, 6-12

Menu, 1-6

MENU key, 1-6

MODE key, 1-8

Multiple echoes, 2-3

INDEX

IN-2

Navigation data

at screen bottom, 1-40

standby, 1-39

Noise rejector, 1-36

North-up mode, 1-9

OFF CENTER key, 1-24

Offcentering the display, 1-24

Origin mark, 1-33

Parallel index lines

mode, 1-32

turning on/off, 1-31

POWER/BRILL key, 1-4, 1-6

Presentation mode

course-up, 1-9

heading, 1-8

north-up, 1-9

true bearing mode, 1-9

true motion, 1-10

Preventive maintenance, 6-2

Pulse length, 1-11

Quick start, 1-4

RACON, 2-6

RAIN control

adjustment method, 1-13

automatic adjustment, 1-14

manual adjustment, 1-14

Range and bearing between two targets, 1-20

RANGE key, 1-10

Range measurement, 1-17

Range preset, 1-47

Range ring brilliance, 1-17

Range unit, 1-46

SART, 2-5

SEA control

adjustment method, 1-12

automatic adjustment, 1-12

manual adjustment, 1-13

Second-trace echoes, 1-37

Ship speed unit, 1-47

Sidelobe echoes, 2-3

STBY/TX key, 1-4

System configuration, 1-ix

System test, 6-8

Target alarm

acknowledging, 1-22

alarm type, 1-22

sensitivity, 1-23

setting, 1-21

TARGET ALARM key, 1-21

Target trails

color, 1-29

gradation, 1-29

level, 1-29

long trails, 1-31

mode, 1-28

own ship trail, 1-30

restarting, 1-31

starting, 1-28

stopping, 1-28

thin trails, 1-30

trail copy, 1-30

Temperature unit, 1-47

Tests

GPS test, 6-11

LCD test, 6-10

system, 6-8

TLL key, 1-32

Trackball maintenance, 6-4

TRAILS key, 1-28

Troubleshooting

advanced level, 6-6

simple, 6-5

True motion mode, 1-10

Tuning, 1-7

Virtual image, 2-4

VRM

measuring range by, 1-17

unit of range measurement, 1-18

VRM key, 1-17

Watchman, 1-37

Waypoint mark, 1-43

Wind direction, 1-47

Wind speed unit, 1-47

ZOOM key, 1-25

Furuno USA 9ZWRTR085 MARINE RADAR User Manual

Furuno USA Inc MARINE RADAR

Users Manual

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