Furuno USA 9ZWRTR086 MARINE RADAR User Manual

Furuno USA Inc MARINE RADAR

9ZWRTR086 User Manual PDF Download & Text

USERS MANUAL

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Date Submitted	2005-06-27 00:00:00
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MARINE RADAR
FR-8062, FR-8122, FR-8252
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard
The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be
harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a
close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting
antenna at a close distance.
Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the table
below.
Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,
your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna
revolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide
this feature.
MODEL
Distance to
100 W/m2
point
XN-12A
FR-8062
XN-13A
Nil
Worst case
0.50 m
FR-8122
Worst case
XN-13A
0.30 m
Worst case
XN-12A
0.80 m
FR-8252
Worst case
XN-13A
0.70 m
XN-12A
Distance to
10 W/m2
point
Worst case
2.50 m
Worst case
2.30 m
Worst case
7.50 m
Worst case
7.00 m
Worst case
9.50 m
Worst case
9.00 m
WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
WARNING
Use the proper fuse.
Do not open the equipment.
Only qualified personnel
should work inside the
equipment.
Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage
to the equipment.
Keep heater away from equipment.
Turn off the radar power
switch before servicing the
antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch
indicating it should not be
turned on while the antenna
unit is being serviced.
Prevent the potential risk of
being struck by the rotating
antenna and exposure to
RF radiation hazard.
Wear a safety belt and hard
hat when working on the
antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can
result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast.
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.
Turn off the power immediately if water
leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock.
ii
Heat can alter equipment shape and melt
the power cord, which can cause fire or
electrical shock.
Do not place liquid-filled containers on
the top of the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid
spills into the equipment.
Do not operate the equipment with wet
hands.
Electrical shock can result.
WARNING
No one navigational aid should be relied
upon for the safety of vessel and crew.
The navigator has the responsibility to
check all aids available to confirm
position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational
principles and common sense.
• This ARP automatically tracks
automatically or manually acquired radar
targets and calculates their courses and
speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since
the data generated by the auto plotter
are based on what radar targets are
selected, the radar must always be
optimally tuned for use with the auto
plotter, to ensure required targets will not
be lost or unwanted targets such as sea
returns and noise will not be acquired
and tracked.
• A target does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or other surface vessels
but can imply returns from sea surface
and clutter. As the level of clutter changes
with environment, the operator should
properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN
and GAIN controls to be sure target
echoes are not eliminated from the
radar screen.
CAUTION
The plotting accuracy and response of
this ARP meets IMO standards.
Tracking accuracy is affected by the
following:
• Tracking accuracy is affected by course
change. One to two minutes is required to
restore vectors to full accuracy after an
abrupt course change. (The actual
amount depends on gyrocompass
specifications.)
• The amount of tracking delay is inversely
proportional to the relative speed of the
target. Delay is on the order of 15—30
seconds for high relative speed; 30—60
seconds for low relative speed.
The data generated by ARP, AIS and
video plotter are intended for
reference only.
Refer to official nautical charts for
detailed and up-to-date information.
iii
WARNING LABEL
Warning labels are attached to the
equipment. Do not remove any label.
If a label is missing or damaged,
contact a FURUNO agent or dealer
about replacement.
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock, do not
remove cover. No user-serviceable
parts inside.
WARNING
ARNING
Radiation hazard. Only qualified
personnel should work inside scanner.
Confirm that TX has stopped before
opening scanner.
DISPLAY UNIT
Name:
Warning Label (1)
Type:
86-003-1011-0
Code No.: 100-236-230
ANTENNA UNIT
Name:
Radiation Warning Label
Type:
03-142-3201-0
Code No.: 100-266-890
TFT LCD
The high quality TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
LCD displays 99.999% of its picture elements. The remaining 0.01% may drop out
or light, however this is an inherent property
of the LCD; it is not a sign of malfunction.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................... ix
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ...................................................................... xi
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW ..............................................................1-1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
Controls .....................................................................................................................1-1
Turning the Radar On/Off, Transmitting ....................................................................1-4
Display Indications.....................................................................................................1-5
Display Brilliance, Panel Dimmer ..............................................................................1-6
Menu Overview..........................................................................................................1-6
Tuning........................................................................................................................1-7
Presentation Modes...................................................................................................1-8
Choosing a Range Scale.........................................................................................1-10
Choosing a Pulse Length ........................................................................................1-11
Adjusting the Sensitivity...........................................................................................1-11
Suppressing Sea Clutter..........................................................................................1-12
Suppressing Rain Clutter.........................................................................................1-13
Automatic Suppression of Sea and Rain Clutters ...................................................1-14
Cursor......................................................................................................................1-15
Interference Rejector ...............................................................................................1-16
Measuring the Range to a Target ............................................................................1-17
Measuring the Bearing to a Target ..........................................................................1-19
Measuring the Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ......................................1-20
Target Alarm ............................................................................................................1-21
Off Centering the Display ........................................................................................1-24
Zoom .......................................................................................................................1-25
Echo Stretch ............................................................................................................1-26
Echo Averaging .......................................................................................................1-27
Target Trails ............................................................................................................1-28
Parallel Index Lines .................................................................................................1-31
Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin Mark ..................................................1-32
Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading Marker...........................................1-33
Custom Setup ..........................................................................................................1-34
Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys) .......................................................1-36
Noise Rejector .........................................................................................................1-36
Suppressing Second-trace Echoes .........................................................................1-37
Watchman ...............................................................................................................1-37
Color Schemes ........................................................................................................1-38
Navigation Data .......................................................................................................1-39
Dynamic Range .......................................................................................................1-41
Characteristics Curve ..............................................................................................1-42
Antenna Speed ........................................................................................................1-42
Waypoint Mark.........................................................................................................1-43
Alarm Message Display ...........................................................................................1-44
Echo Area ................................................................................................................1-45
Customizing (Initial Menu) .......................................................................................1-46
2. RADAR OBSERVATION ....................................................................2-1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
General ......................................................................................................................2-1
False Echoes .............................................................................................................2-3
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder).................................................................2-5
RACON......................................................................................................................2-6
3. ARP OPERATION .............................................................................. 3-1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
Usage Precautions .................................................................................................... 3-1
Controls for Use with ARP ........................................................................................ 3-2
ARP Display On/Off .................................................................................................. 3-2
Acquiring and Tracking Targets ................................................................................ 3-3
Terminating Tracking of ARP Targets ....................................................................... 3-4
Vector Attributes........................................................................................................ 3-5
History Display (target past position) ........................................................................ 3-6
ARP Target Data ....................................................................................................... 3-7
CPA and TCPA Alarm ............................................................................................... 3-8
Proximity Alarm ......................................................................................................... 3-9
Lost Target ................................................................................................................3-9
Symbol Color........................................................................................................... 3-10
4. AIS OPERATION................................................................................ 4-1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
Controls for Use with AIS ......................................................................................... 4-1
Activating, Deactivating the AIS Function ................................................................. 4-1
Turning the AIS Display On or Off............................................................................. 4-2
AIS Symbols.............................................................................................................. 4-2
Activating Targets ..................................................................................................... 4-2
Displaying AIS Target Data ....................................................................................... 4-3
Display Range ........................................................................................................... 4-4
Sorting Targets.......................................................................................................... 4-4
Display Sector ........................................................................................................... 4-5
Number of Targets to Display ................................................................................... 4-5
Vector Attributes........................................................................................................ 4-6
History Display (target past position) ........................................................................ 4-7
CPA and TCPA Alarm ............................................................................................... 4-8
Proximity Alarm ......................................................................................................... 4-9
Lost Target ................................................................................................................4-9
Symbol Color........................................................................................................... 4-10
5. GPS OPERATION .............................................................................. 5-1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
Navigator Type .......................................................................................................... 5-1
Datum........................................................................................................................ 5-2
WAAS Setup ............................................................................................................. 5-2
Satellite Monitor ........................................................................................................ 5-3
Type 16 Message...................................................................................................... 5-4
GPS Sensor Installation Position Offset.................................................................... 5-5
Cold Start .................................................................................................................. 5-6
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................ 6-1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
Preventive Maintenance............................................................................................ 6-2
Replacement of Fuses .............................................................................................. 6-3
Replacing the Magnetron .......................................................................................... 6-3
Trackball Maintenance .............................................................................................. 6-4
SImple Troubleshooting ............................................................................................ 6-5
Advanced-level Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 6-6
System Test .............................................................................................................. 6-8
LCD Test ................................................................................................................. 6-10
GPS Test................................................................................................................. 6-11
Clearing the Memory ............................................................................................... 6-12
SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................. SP-1
INDEX ......................................................................................................IN-1
vi
FOREWORD
A Word to the Owner of the FR-8xx2 Marine Radar
FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the FR-8xx2 Color LCD Marine Radar series. We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with
quality and reliability.
For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and
reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global
network of agents and dealers.
Your equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and
maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth
in this manual.
We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.
Features
The FR-8xx2 series display radar targets on a bright 12.1" color LCD. Operation is simplified with
the combination of discrete keys and trackball.
The main features are as follows:
• The FR-8xx2 series consists of the following models:
Model, output, max, range, antenna type
Model
Output
Range
Radar Antenna
FR-8062
4.9 kW
72 nm/sm, 96 km
4 or 6 ft radiator
FR-8122
12 kW
72 nm/sm, 96 km
4 or 6 ft radiator
FR-8252
25 kW
96 nm/km/sm
4 or 6 ft radiator
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bright 12.1" LCD visible even under direct sunlight
User-friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys, and trackball
Antenna speed may be automatically selected according to pulse length or speed
Built in ARP optionally available
AIS data shown with connection of AIS transponder
User programmable function keys
One touch setup of major controls with custom setup feature
Echoes in yellow or green or colors of red, yellow or green in order of descending strength.
vii
Notice
• No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without written permission.
• This manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.
• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications are subject to change without
notice.
• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual may not match the screens you
see on your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment settings.
• This manual is intended for use by native speakers of English.
• FURUNO will assume no responsibility for the damage caused by improper use or modification of the equipment or claims of loss of profit by a third party.
viii
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
ANTENNA UNIT
RSB-0070-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062
RSB-0073-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062
RSB-0073-086-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8122
Auto Plotter
ARP-11
DISPLAY UNIT
RDP-150
(built in
display unit)
Gyro
Converter
AD-100
100/110/
115/220/
230 VAC, 1φ
Rectifier
RU-3423
Gyrocompass
Heading Sensor
PG-1000
12-24 VDC
NMEA
DEVICE
Remote
Display
NMEA
DEVICE
SVGA
Monitor
External
Buzzer
OP03-136
Category of units
Antenna unit: Exposed to weather
All other units: Protected from weather
: Optional equipment
FR-8062/8122
ix
ANTENNA UNIT
RSB-0073-087-XN12A/XN13A
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
PSU-008
Auto Plotter
ARP-11
DISPLAY UNIT
RDP-150
(built in
display unit)
Gyro
Converter
AD-100
100/110/
115/220/
230 VAC, 1φ
Rectifier
RU-3423
Heading Sensor
PG-1000
12-24 VDC
NMEA
DEVICE
Remote
Display
NMEA
DEVICE
SVGA
Monitor
External
Buzzer
OP03-136
: Optional equipment
Category of units
Antenna unit: Exposed to weather
All other units: Protected from weather
FR-8252
Gyrocompass
1.
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
This chapter provides the information necessary for operating this radar.
1.1
Controls
1.1.1
Display unit
This radar is operated with the controls of the display unit (and the remote controller). 17 keys are
labeled and they provide the function shown on their labels. The trackball's main function is to
move the cursor across the screen. When you correctly execute an operation, the unit generates
a beep. Invalid operation causes the unit to emit several beeps.
POWER
BRILL
GAIN
STBY
TX
PUSH AUTO/MAN
SEA
MODE
CUSTOM
PUSH AUTO/MAN
RAIN
PUSH AUTO/MAN
RANGE
F1
F2
ZOOM
OFF
CENTER
TARGET
ALARM
TRAILS
EBL
VRM
MENU
TLL
ENTER
CANCEL
HL OFF
Display unit
1-1
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Control description
Control
Description
POWER/BRILL
Momentary press: Turns power on; adjusts brilliance.
Long press: Turns power off.
STBY/TX
Ttransmits radar pulses and places radar in standby alternately.
MODE
Chooses presentation mode.
CUSTOM
Presets radar controls for one-touch setup of radar.
RANGE
Chooses radar range.
ZOOM
Zooms chosen target.
TARGET ALARM
Sets target alarm, which watches for targets entering or exiting the userset alarm zone.
EBL
Measures bearing to a radar target.
MENU
Open/closes the menu.
ENTER
Registers chosen menu option; acquires ARP target; displays data of
selected ARP or AIS target.
GAIN
Adjusts the sensitivity of the radar receiver.
SEA
Suppresses sea clutter.
RAIN
Suppresses rain clutter.
F1, F2
Programmable function keys.
OFF CENTER
Shifts own ship position.
TRAILS
Plots radar echo movement.
VRM
Measure range to a radar target.
TLL
Outputs position of chosen target to navigation plotter or inscribes mark
at cursor location, or both.
CANCEL/HL OFF
Cancels last entry in menu operation; temporarily erases heading line;
cancels tracking of ARP target; removes data of selected ARP or AIS
target from data box; goes back one “layer” in multi-layer menu.
Trackball
Chooses menu items; shifts display and cursor.
1-2
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.1.2
Remote controller
The remote controller provides armchair control over transmit, standby, rante and display offcentering.
Offcenters display.
OFF
CENTER
STBY
TX
RANGE
Toggles STBY/TX
Chooses range.
Remote controller
1-3
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.2
Turning the Radar On/Off, Transmitting
Press the POWER/BRILL key at the upper right-hand corner of the control panel to turn on the
radar on. Press and hold down the key until the screen turns black to turn the radar off.
At power-up the start-up screen appears as shown right. The model name and program number
are shown and the ROM and RAM are tested. If "NG" appears as the results of the ROM and RAM
tests, try pressing any key to proceed. If normal operation is not possible, contact your dealer for
advice. After the tests are completed, the bearing scale and a digital timer appear. The digital timer
counts down the time remaining to warm up the magnetron, which transmits the radar pulses. This
warm-up takes 90 sec. (FR-8252) or 180 sec. (FR-8062, FR-8122).
12.1" Color LCD
Marine Radar
FR-8xx2
Model name appears here.
FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
ROM: OK
RAM: OK
Program No. 0317010-XX.XX
Start-up screen
After the timer has counted down to 0:00, the indication STBY appears at the screen center,
meaning the radar is now ready to transmit radar pulses. Press the STBY/TX key to transmit radar
pulses.
The STBY/TX key toggles between stand-by and transmit status. The antenna rotates in transmit
condition and is stopped in standby. Because the magnetron ages with use it is highly recommended to set the radar in standby when it will not be required for an extended period of time. This
will help extend the life of the magnetron.
Quick start
Provided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, you can
get the radar into TRANSMIT condition without the warm-up. If the POWER/BRILL key was
turned off by mistake or the like and you wish to restart the radar promptly, turn on the POWER/
BRILL key not later than 10 seconds after power-off. This feature is not available with the FR8252.
1-4
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.3
Display Indications
Presentation mode
Custom settings
Heading
Range ring interval
Range
Pulse length
Echo stretch (ES),
Echo averaging (EAV)
Noise rejector (NR),
Interference rejector (IR)
359.9° M
0.5
NM
SP NUP
HARBOR A/C AUTO
ES1
EAV1
NR LOW
IR LOW
TUNE indicator
GAIN indicator
SEA indicator
RAIN indicator
TUNE AUTO
GAIN AUTO
SEA MED
RAIN LOW
2ND ECHO
ZOOM
2nd echo rejector
Zoom
Heading line
EBL2
Bearing scale
VRM2
VRM1
EBL1
Range ring
Zoom cursor
Cursor
Trail ref.,
Trail time
EBL1, EBL2
bearing
Zoom
window
TRAILS (T)
01H30M00S
ALARM1_IN
ALARM2_OUT
EBL1>270.0°R<
EBL2 045.0°R
OWN LAT: 34°56.123 E CURSOR LAT: 34°56.123 E WAY
SHIP LON: 135°34.567 E
LON: 135°34.567 E POINT
SPEED 12.34 kt
TTG: 01:00
VRM1>1.430.....<.
2. Operate the Trackball to align the
active variable range marker with
VRM1
the inner edge of the target of
interest and read its distance at the
lower-right corner of the screen.
Each VRM remains at the same
geographical distance when you
operate the RANGE key. This
means that the apparent radius of
the VRM ring changes in proportion
to the selected range scale.
3. Press the VRM key to erase each
VRM.
Target
VRM2
VRM1>0.007NM<
+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM
VRM2 0.140NM
VRM1, VRM2
range
How to measure range with VRMs
1-17
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.16.3
Choosing VRM unit
The unit of measurement used by the VRM can be selected to nautical miles, kilometers, statute
miles or kilometers/yard.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose VRM Unit and then press the ENTER key.
nm
km
sm
kyd
4. Choose desired unit and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.17
Measuring the Bearing to a Target
Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of targets. There are two EBLs, No. 1
and No. 2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the
circumference of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed
one is the No. 2 EBL.
1. Press the EBL key to display either of the EBLs. Successively pressing the EBL key toggles
the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.
2. Operate the Trackball to bisect the target of interest with the EBL and read its distance at the
lower-left corner of the screen.
3. Press the EBL key to erase each EBL.
EBL2
EBL1
EBL1, EBL2
bearing
EBL1>270.0°R<
EBL2 0.45.0°R
+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM
How to measure the bearing to a target with the EBL
1-18
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.17.1
EBL reference
The EBL readout is affixed by "R." (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T." (true) if it is
referenced to the north. You may choose relative or true in the head-up modes; in all other modes
it is always TRUE.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose EBL Reference and then press the ENTER key.
Relative
True
4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.18
Measuring the Range and Bearing Between Two
Targets
You may shift the origin of the EBL to measure the range and bearing between two targets.
1. Press the EBL key to circumscribe the bearing indication of EBL1 or EBL2 with a dashed
rectangle.
2. Drag the EBL to the location of one target and then press the ENTER key to anchor the EBL.
3. Roll the trackball to shift the range marker to the location of the other target.
4. Read the bearing and range indications at the bottom of the screen.
No. 2
EBL
Range
Marker
+Target 2
No. 1
EBL
Target 1
EBL
origin
EBL1
EBL2
>140.0°R<
335.2°R
Range/bearing
between targets 1 and 2
Range
Marker
Target 4
R2
Target 3
>0.500NM<
0.980NM
VRM1
VRM2
Range/bearing
between targets 3 and 4
Measuring range and bearing between two target with the EBL
To return the origin of the EBL to the screen center, press the EBL key to circumscribe the indication of that the EBL with a solid rectangle.
1-19
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.19
Target Alarm
The target alarm serves to alert the navigator to
targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a set
area, with audible and visual alarms.
The guard alarm zone has a fixed width of 0.5 nm
in the radial direction (depth) and is adjustable from
3.0 to 6.0 nm (guard zone 1) and any distance
(guard zone 2). The sector of the zone can be set
from 0 to 360 degrees in any direction.
The alarm may be set to sound against targets
entering or exiting the zone. See paragraph 1.20.3.
1.19.1
CAUTION
• The alarm should not be relied upon as
the sole means for detecting possible
collision situations.
• SEA, RAIN and GAIN controls
should be properly adjusted to be sure
the alarm system does not overlook
target echoes.
Setting a target alarm
The procedure which follows shows you how to set a target alarm, using the illustration below as
an example.
1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to activate ALARM 1 or ALARM 2 as appropriate.
2. Drag the cursor with the trackball to the location “A” and then press the ENTER key.
3. Drag the cursor to the location “B” and then press the ENTER key.
Target alarm
zone
0.5
NM
+B
ALARM1_IN
Cursor
Alarm status
+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM
How to set a target alarm zone
Note 1: If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around own ship,
set point "B" in almost the same direction as point "A."
Note 2: Two target alarm zones may be set. Note however that the 2nd target alarm zone is available only when the 1st target alarm zone is active.
Note 3: When the target alarm zone is not within the range in use the indication OUT RNG
appears in the alarm status area. In this case choose a range which will display the target alarm
zone.
1-20
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.19.2
Acknowledging the alarm
A target in the target alarm zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beep) alarms. To
silence the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The alarm status shows "ALARM1(or
2) ACK." This will deactivate the audible alarm but will not stop the flashing of the offending target.
To reactivate the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key The alarm status is then shown
as ALARM 1 (or 2) IN(or OUT).
1.19.3
Choosing alarm type
As noted earlier the target alarm may be set sound against targets entering or exiting the alarm.
Choose desired type as below.
Inward target alarm
Outward target alarm
In and Out alarms
1. Press the MENU key to shown the menu.
2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Target Alarm1 Mode or Target Alarm2 Mode as appropriate and then press the ENTER
key.
In
Out
4. Choose In to get the alarm on targets entering target alarm zone or Out to get the alarm on
targets exiting a target alarm zone.
5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key.
1.19.4
Deactivating a target alarm
1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to choose ALARM1 or ALARM2 indication at the bottom right
corner on the screen. The selected indication is circumscribed with a rectangle.
2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
3. Press the TARGET ALARM key again, and a dashed rectangle circumscribes the alarm indication selected.
4. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key again. The target alarm zone and the alarm indication are
erased from the screen.
1-21
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.19.5
Choosing target strength which triggers target alarm
You may choose the target strength level which triggers the alarm as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and the press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Alarm Level and then press the ENTER key.
Low
Medium
High
4. Choose the echo strength level which you want to trigger the target alarm.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.20
Off Centering the Display
Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to
a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more
than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin
will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.
Ship's speed
X 0.5 = Amount of shift(%)
Shift speed setting
This feature is not available on the 72 nm or 96 nm range scale nor in the true motion mode.
The display may be off centered manually, or automatically according to ship’s speed. Press the
OFF CENTER key successively to choose desired off centering method or turn off centering, in
the sequence of manual, automatic, off. OFF CENTER appears at the top left corner on the display when off centering is enabled. Off center is not available when the zoom function is in use.
1.20.1
Automatic off center
The amount of automatic shift is calculated according to ship's speed, and the amount of shift is
limited to 50% of the range in use. For example, if you set the shift speed setting for 15 knots and
the ship is running at 10 knots the amount of shift will be about 34%. The formula for determining
shift amount is as shown below. Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.
Choosing speed to use
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Max Shift Speed and then press the ENTER key.
15
(1-99)
4. Choose the speed to use and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-22
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Activating automatic off center
Press the OFF CENTER key until OFF CENTER appears on the display and the display is not
shifted to the cursor location.
1.20.2
Manual off center
1. Place the cursor where you want locate the screen center.
2. Press the OFF CENTER key until the display shifts to cursor location.
1.21
Zoom
The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing size, in the
zoom window. You choose the target of interest to zoom with the zoom cursor and that target is
zoomed in the zoom window. Zoom is not available when the display is off centered.
Three types of zoom are available: Relative, True and Target.
Relative: The zoom cursor moves relative to own ship’s heading.
True:
The zoom cursor moves with course and speed of own ship.
Target: The zoom cursor is fixed to the zoomed target.
1.21.1
How to zoom
1. Press the ZOOM key to turn on the zoom feature. ZOOM appears at the top right hand corner
of the screen together with the zoom cursor, a square (dashed or solid, depending on zoom
mode chosen) with a cursor at its center, and the zoom window. The location of the zoom window depends on the location of the zoom cursor. If the zoom cursor is on the left-half of the
screen, the zoom window is located at the right side of the screen and vice versa.
0.5
NM
Zoom cursor
(dashed in
relative or true
mode)
Zoom
window
+ 180.1°R 2.121 NM
Zoom
2. For the Relative and True modes you may fix the zoom cursor, by pressing the ZOOM key
again. the zoom cursor then becomes solid.
3. To quit zoom, press the ZOOM key again.
1-23
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.21.2
Zoom mode
You may choose the zoom mode from among Relative, True or Target.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Mark menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Zoom and then press the ENTER key.
Relative
True
Target
4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.22
Echo Stretch
The echo stretch feature enlarges targets to make them easier to see, and it is available on the
1.5 -12 nm ranges depending on echo stretch type. There are 3 settings: ES1 to enlarge in bearing
direction for long range detection, ES2 to enlarge in range direction and ES3 to enlarge in bearing
and range directions.
Target
Use on range
1.5 - 12 nm
Use on range
1.5 - 6 nm
Range
direction
Bearing
direction
Echo Stretch OFF
Echo Stretch 1
Echo Stretch 2
Range
direction
Bearing
direction
Echo Stretch 3
Echo stretch
Note 1: If the 1.5 nm is preset with a pulse length of S1 or S2, and the 3 nm scale with S2, the
echo stretch is not available on those range scales.
Note 2: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea
surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have
been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu
2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.
Off
4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-24
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.23
Echo Averaging
The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets
such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On
the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.
To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture
frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged
over successive scans resulting in reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets
from sea clutter.
Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the
ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while suppressing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo average is not however effective for
picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.
Note 1: Do not use the echo average function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of target
detection can result.
Note 2: Echo average can be used without a heading sensor. For further details, contact your
dealer.
To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with
the A/C SEA control. Then, do as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.
Off
4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-25
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.24
Target Trails
The trails of the radar echoes of targets may be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target
trails are chosen either relative or true and may be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails
require a compass signal and own ship speed input.
1.24.1
Starting, stopping trails
Press the TRAILS key to start trails and choose trail time. The chosen time, along with trail mode,
is shown at the bottom left corner as shown in the figure below.
Trail time is available among 15 s, 30 s, 1 min., 3 min., 6 min., 15 min., 30 min., Long trail setting
(if activated, see paragraph 1.24.10) and CONT(INUOUS) The longer the trail interval the longer
the length of the target trail.
Trail Mode (T, True, R, Relative)
Trail Time
TRAILS (T)
01H30M00S
Trail indications
To cancel all trails, press the TRAILS key to erase the trail indications.
1.24.2
Trail mode
You may display echo trails in true or relative motion (only true trail on TM). Relative trails show relative movements
between targets and own ship. True
motion trails require a gyrocompass
signal and own ship speed input to
cancel out own ship's movement and
present true target movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds
and courses.
(a) True target trails
(No smearing of
stationary targets)
True
and relative target trails
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Mode and then press the ENTER key.
Relative
True
4. Choose the appropriate mode and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-26
(b) Relative target trails
Targets moving relative
to own ship
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.24.3
Trail gradation
Trails may be shown in single or multiple gradation (monocolor) or in multicolor.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Trail Gradation and then press the ENTER key.
Single
Multiple
Rainbow
4. Choose the appropriate trail gradation referring to the figure below and then press the ENTER
key. The item Rainbow display trails in multicolor.
Monotone
(Single)
Gradual shading
(Multi)
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.24.4
Trail color
You may choose trail color as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.
Green
Red
Blue
White
Black
4. Choose the appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.24.5
Trail level
The level (intensity) of the afterglow which extends from radar targets may be chosen as below.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.
4. Choose 1, 2 or 3 as appropriate level and then press the ENTER key.
1: All: signals produce trails, 2: Normal, 3: Only weak signals produce trails
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-27
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.24.6
Trail copy
Trails are canceled and restarted whenever the range is changed. However, you may continue
trails on the same range, without restarting them, when the range is changed to a next larger or
smaller range scale. Note however that when the range is changed, only those trails within the
previous range are continued; no trails are generated for targets outside the previous range.
No trail generated
for target not within
previous range
(a) Previous range
(b) New range
How trail copy works
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Trail Copy and then press the ENTER key.
Off
On
4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.24.7
Thin trails
Target trails may be painted with thinner lines if desired. This can be useful when there are a lot
of targets on the screen.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the MENU key to open the menu.
Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.
Choose Thin and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.24.8
Own ship trail
You may show own ship’s trail as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press the MENU key to open the menu.
Choose Own Ship and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-28
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.24.9
Restarting trails
You may clear all target trails to restart the trail process. Target trails are cleared and the trailing
process restarts from time count zero at the current target trail plot interval.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press the MENU key to open the menu.
Choose Restart Trails and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.24.10 Long trails
Several preset trail times are provided for your convenience. If you prefer a different time you may
set it as below. The setting range is 45 minutes to 48 hours, in increments of 15 minutes.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Long Trails and then press the ENTER key.
3. Roll the trackball upward or downward as appropriate to set time and
then press the ENTER key.
4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.25
00h:00m
(00h:45m-48h:00m)
Parallel Index Lines
Parallel index lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline
or a partner ship when navigating. Two index lines are available and any two may be displayed.
You may control the orientation and line interval.
Index
lines
Parallel index lines
1.25.1
Turning parallel index lines on or off
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Parallel Line and then press the ENTER key.
Off
1-29
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
4. Choose the number of parallel index lines to show (2, 3 or 6) or choose Off to turn off the lines.
(The actual number of lines visible may be less depending on line interval.)
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.25.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Using the parallel index lines
Press the EBL key to activate EBL2.
Roll the trackball to adjust the orientation of the lines.
Press the VRM key to activate VRM2.
Roll the trackball to adjust the interval between lines.
1.25.3
Parallel index lines mode
Index lines orientation may be chosen from parallel or vertical as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Parallel Line Mode and then press the ENTER key.
Parallel
Vertical
4. Choose Parallel or Vertical as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.26
Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin
Mark
The TLL key functions to output cursor position to a navigation plotter (where it is marked on its
screen) and inscribe an asterisk (*) mark at cursor position. Twenty marks may be inscribed on
the screen. When you enter a 21st mark the eldest mark is erased to make room for the latest. To
erase a mark, place the cursor on it and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
1.26.1
TLL key mode
The TLL key can be preset to output target position, inscribe the origin mark or do both.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose TLL Key Mode and then press the ENTER key.
TLL Output
Origin Mark
Both
4. Choose TLL Output, Origin Mark or Both as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-30
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.26.2
Origin mark mode
You may choose origin mark movement from either True or Relative as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Origin Mark Mode and then press the ENTER key.
Relative
True
4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.27
Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading
Marker
The heading line indicate the ship's heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line
from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees
on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes the orientation depending on the ship orientation
in north-up and true motion modes. The heading marker is a small circle on the bearing scale to
indicate the heading when the display is off-centered or is in north-up or TM mode.
To temporarily hide the heading line and heading marker to look at targets existing dead ahead of
own ship, press and hold down the CANCEL/HL OFF key. To re-display the heading line release
the key.
1-31
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.28
Custom Setup
1.28.1
About custom setup
Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be
a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to
assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.
The radar's internal computer offers three default custom setups (see the table below). However
you may customize theses settings to meet your navigation needs, on the Custom 1, Custom 2
and Custom 3 menus.
To enable a custom setup, press the CUSTOM key. Each press of the key enables CUSTOM1,
CUSTOM or CUSTOM3 cyclically. The chosen custom setup name is shown at the top left corner.
To escape from custom setup, operate any control.
Default custom settings
Menu item
(radar function)
Default settings
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Name
Harbor
Long
Sea
Gain
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Sea
Calm
Calm
Calm
Rain
Calm
Calm
Calm
Pulse length
Short
Long
Short
Echo stretch
Off
Off
Echo average
Off
Noise rejector
Off
Med
High
High
Low
High
Auto anti-clutter
Off
Off
Off
Display dynamic
Wide
Normal
Wide
48 rpm
24 rpm
48 rpm
Interference rejector
Display-curve
Antenna speed
1-32
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.28.2
Description of custom setup items
Description of custom setup items
Menu item
Description of available settings
Name
Harbor: Optimum setting for short range navigation in a
harbor area using a range scale of 1.5 nm or less
Long: Optimum setting for long range detection using a
range scale of 6 nm or larger
Sea: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy seas.
Rain: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy rain.
Buoy: Optimum setting for detecting navigation buoys.
Bird: Optimum setting for detecting birds.
Gain
Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state. 1.11
Manual: Manual adjustment
Sea
Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state. 1.12
Manual: Manual adjustment
Rain
Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state. 1.13
Manual: Manual adjustment
Pulse length
Short or Long, changeable on 1.5 and 3 nm ranges.
1.10
Echo stretch
Off, 1, 2, 3
1.23
Echo average
Off, 1, 2, 3
1.24
Noise rejector
Off, Low, Med, High
1.30
Interference rejector
Off, Low, Med, High
1.16
Auto anti-clutter
Off, On
1.14
Display dynamic
Narrow, Normal, Wide.
1.36
Display-curve
1, 2, 3
1.37
Antenna speed
24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, Auto/Range.
1.38
1.28.3
See paragraph;
Setting custom setups
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press the MENU key to show the menu.
Choose Custom 1, Custom 2 or Custom 3 as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Name and then press the ENTER key to display the options shown right.
Harbor
Choose the name which best matches your desired objective and then press the
Long
ENTER key.
Sea
5. Set other menu items according to the objective name chosen at step 4.
Rain
Buoy
6. After adjusting all menu items, choose Save and then press the ENTER key.
Bird
CUSTOM SAVE COMPLETE appears when saving is completed.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-33
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.29
Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys)
Less-often used functions are provided in the menu. To avoid opening the menus to set up the
radar for a particular situation, you may program a function key to provide one-touch access to a
desired function.
Function key operation
To activate a function, simply press the appropriate function key. Then, that function’s options
appear. Push the function key again to choose appropriate option and then press the ENTER key.
The default programs are F1, Echo averaging, F2, Display color.
Changing function key program
To change function key program, do the following:
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose Display and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Function 1 Setup or Function 2 Setup as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Range Rings Brill
Echo Color
Display Color
Background Color
Echo Color
Watchman Time
Data Box
Zoom Mode
STBY Mode Display
Auto Gain
Auto Sea
Auto Rain
Tune Mode
Pulse Length
Echo Stretch
Echo Average
Noise Rejector
Interference Rejector
Auto Anti Clutter
Display-Dynamic
Display-Curve
Antenna Speed
2nd Echo Rejector
Trails-Gradation
Trails-Color
Trails-Mode
Trails-Level
Trails-Copy
Trails-Restart
Trails-Thin
Trails-Own Ship
Waypoint Mark Display
Origin Mark Mode
TLL Key Mode
Parallel Line
Parallel Line Mode
EBL Reference
VRM Unit
Cursor Position
Target Alarm1 Mode
Target Alarm 2 Mode
Vector Time
Vector Reference
History Dots
History Intervals
CPA
TCPA
Proximity Alarm
ARP-Display
ARP-Symbol Color
ARP-Auto Acquire
ARP-All Cancel
AIS-Display
AIS-Symbol Color
AIS-Sort By
GPS-Type
GPS-Datum
Function list
4. Choose desired function from the list and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.30
Noise Rejector
White noise may show itself on the screen as random "speckles" spread over the entire radar
image. You can remove this noise as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the MENU key to show the menu.
Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Noise Rejector and then press the ENTER key.
Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-34
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.31
Suppressing Second-trace Echoes
In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace
echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later,
or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.
Tx repetition
Second-trace
echo
False echo
range
Actual range
How 2nd trace echoes are produced
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the MENU key to show the menu.
Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.
Choose 2nd Echo Rejector and then press the ENTER key.
Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.32
Watchman
The watch alarm sounds the audible alarm at the chosen time interval to help you keep regular
watch of the radar picture for safety or other purposes.
The watchman time appears at the lower-left corner of the screen with a watch alarm timer which
counts down from value set (for example, "10:00").
When a preset time interval has elapsed, the audible watch alarm is released, the screen label
WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at "0:00." To silence the alarm, press the
CANCEL/HL OFF key The label WATCH turns to normal color and the watch alarm timer is reset
to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.
If you press the CANCEL key before the selected time interval is reached, the watch alarm timer
is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.
To set watch time interval, do the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the MENU key to show the menu.
Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Watchman Time and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Off or appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-35
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.33
Color Schemes
1.33.1
Preset color schemes
Preset color schemes are provided for optimum viewing in daytime, nighttime and twilight. A user
arrangeable color scheme is also provided. Below are the default color settings for each preset
color scheme.
Display item and color
Day
Text
Range rings
Echo
Background
Black
Green
Yellow
White
Night
Red
Red
Green
Black
Twilight
Green
Green
Green
Blue
User
Green
Green
Green
Black
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Display Color and then press the ENTER key.
Day
Night
Twilight
User
4. Choose a color scheme and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.33.2
User color scheme
The user color scheme lets you choose desired echo color and background color. The display
color must be set for “User” (in paragraph 1.33.1) to use user chosen echo and background colors.
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Echo Color and then press the ENTER key.
Yellow
Green
Multi
4. Choose a color and then press the ENTER key. Multi displays echoes in colors of red, yellow
and green according to echo strength, and it is not available on the IMO spec. radar.
5. Choose Background Color and then press the ENTER key.
Black/Green
Black/Red
Blue/White
DK Blue/White
White/Green
6. Choose background color desired and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-36
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.34
Navigation Data
1.34.1
Navigation data during standby
Navigation data is shown when the radar is in standby. Appropriate sensors required to display
data.
XTE-track
error
Time until Tx in watchman
(Displayed when watchman is active.)
Heading
359.9°
9.99nm
NW
Waypoint
Flashes if
vessel goes
outside display
bearing.
SPEED
NNW
STBY
NNE
COURSE
99.9 kts
Speed
DATE
Date
19:59
HEADING
XTE
NE
Standby indicationi
Own ship marker
Fixed regardless
of ship's movement.
359.9°
Course
TIME
14/MAY/2004
Heading indicator
Graphic appears even
if bearing signal is lost,
however the compass
point indications do not
appear.
23 : 59 : 59
Time
90° 00.000 N
LONG 180° 00.000 E
POSITION
Position
LAT
DEPTH
30 (min) 20
65.3 (m)
10
WIND
65.3 (m/s)
45.0° (R)
TEMP
65.3
(°C)
30
20
20
40
10
60
80
Depth
30(min) 20
Wind speed
and direction
10
Water
teemperature
Navigation data display at standby
1-37
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Depth and water temperature graphs
These graphs display the latest 30 minutes of respective data. The horizontal axis scale is
updated and plotted at intervals of 10 seconds. The vertical axis scale is adjusted automatically
for every 30 minutes of data. The unit of measurement may be chosen on the Initial sub menu in
the System menu.
Wind graph
WInd direction reference may be chosen (on the Initial sub menu) from True or Apparent.
Apparent wind is the direction (in relation to ship’s bow) and speed of the wind as it appears to
those on board, relative to the speed and direction of the boat; combination of the true wind and
the wind caused by the boat's movement. True wind is the speed and direction (in relation to
ship’s bow) of the wind felt or measured when stationary.
1.34.2
Navigation data at the bottom of the screen
Navigation data may be displayed at the bottom of the screen.
OWN LAT: 34°56.123 E
SHIP LON: 135°34.567 E
SPEED 12.34 kt
CURSOR LAT: 34°56.123 E WAY
LON: 135°34.567 E POINT
TTG: 01:00
0.095 NM
TEMP 12.3°C
90.0° M
DEPTH 56.7 M
TTG: 00:20
Navigation data
To show navigation data, do the following:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Data Box and then press the ENTER key.
Off
Nav
Target
All
4. Choose Nav or All and then press the ENTER key. (Choose All to display Nav data and ARPA
and AIS target data.)
5. Press the MENU to close the menu.
1-38
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.35
Dynamic Range
In radar systems, system dynamic range is crucial for differentiating between highly reflective targets and those which do not have optimum reflective properties. You may change the dynamic
range to better differentiate those targets as below.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Display-Dynamic and then press the ENTER key.
Narrow
Normal
Wide
Na
rro
No w
rma
Wid l
4. Choose Narrow (-6dB), Normal(-12dB) or Wide(-18dB) as appropriate and then press the
ENTER key.
6 db
12 db
18 db
Dynamic range settings
5. Press the MENU to close the menu.
1.36
Characteristics Curve
The characteristics curve of this radar may be changed to meet detection requirement.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Display-Curve and then press the ENTER key.
Narrow
Normal
Wide
4. Choose 1 (Linear), 2(Exponential) or 3(Logarithm) as appropriate and then press the ENTER
key.
5. Press the MENU to close the menu.
1-39
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.37
Antenna Speed
The antenna speed may be changed to meet operating requirement. Choose a high speed when
cruising at high speed to ensure timely update of radar targets. Note that the speed cannot be
changed on the 24 rpm motor; it is fixed at 24 rpm.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Antenna Speed and then press the ENTER key.
24rpm
36rpm
48rpm
Auto/Range
4. Choose appropriate antenna speed. Auto/Range automatically changes antenna speed
according to range.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1.38
Waypoint Mark
The waypoint marker shows the location of the destination waypoint set on a navigation plotter.
You can turn this mark on or off as follows:
0.5
NM
Waypoint
mark
+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM
Waypoint mark
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Press the MENU key to open the menu.
Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Waypoint Mark Display and then press the ENTER key.
Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
1-40
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.39
Alarm Message Display
When a violation occurs the radar generates audible and visual alarms to alert you. The alarm
message display shows all alarms currently violated. You may show this display as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Alarm Message and then press the ENTER key.
[Signal Missing]
[Target Alarm1]
[ARP Alarm]

Alarm message display
To close the alarm message display, press any key.
List of alarm messages
List of alarm messages
Category Alarm name
Alarm name
Signal missing
Heading
Heading signal lost
Bearing
Antenna rotation signal lost
Position
Position data lost
Target Alarm
Target Alarm1 In (or Out)
Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1.
Target Alarm1 In (or Out)
Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1
ARP alarm
Collision
CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and
TCPA.
Lost
Acquired ARP target becomes lost
Target-Full
Target tracking capacity is reached.
Proximity
The range to an ARP target is less than the user-set proximity
alarm range.
AIS alarm
Collision
CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and
TCPA.
Proximity
The range to an AIS target is less than the user-set proximity
alarm range.
1-41
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
List of alarm messages
Category Alarm name
Alarm name
AIS system
TX
TX stopped or TX error
ANT
Antenna VSWR trouble
CH1
TDM2 RX1 board trouble
CH2
TDM2 RX2 board trouble
CH70
RX channel 70 trouble
FAIL
System failure
EPFS
External EPFS trouble
L/L
Position data lost
SOG
Speed data lost
COG
Course data lost
HDG
Heading data lost
ROT
Rate of turn data lost
MKD
Minimum input device lost
1.40
Echo Area
The effective display area can be either ellipsis or square shaped.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Echo Area and then press the ENTER key.
Ellipsis
Square
4. Choose desired display area configuration and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU to close the menu.
1-42
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.41
Customizing (Initial Menu)
The Initial sub menu in the System menu contains items which allow you to customize your radar
to meet your operational needs.
1.41.1
Opening the Initial menu
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Roll the trackball to choose System followed by Initial and then press the ENTER key.
Initial
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
Initial
Factory
Installation
Key Beep
Range Unit
Alarm Level
TX Antenna Rotate
Max Shift Speed
STBY Mode Display
Bearing Source
Range Preset
Ship Speed Unit
Depth Unit
Temperature Unit
Wind Direction
Wind Speed Unit
Port 1 Setup
Port 2 Setup
: On
: nm
: Med
: Rotate
: 15 kt
: Normal
: Magnetic
: kt
:m
: °C
: Apparent
: kt
: Auto
: Auto
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
Initial menu
1.41.2
Description of Initial menu
Key Beep: A beep sounds when keys are pressed. You may turn this beep on or off.
Range Unit: Range may be shown in nm, km or sm.
Alarm Level: The target alarm may be set to sound against weak, medium or strong echoes.
TX Antenna Rotate: Radar pulses may be transmitted without rotating the antenna. For the service technician.
Max Shift Speed: Set the maximum shift speed to use with automatic offcentering. The setting
range is 1-99 (kts)
STBY Mode Display: STBY Mode Display sets the function of the radar in standby. “Normal” displays “STBY” at the screen center; “Nav” displays navigation data, and “Economy” extinguishes
the backlight of the LCD to conserve power.
Bearing Source: Choose the type of bearing sensor connected to the radar; True (gyrocompass)
or Magnetic (magnetic compass).
1-43
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Range Preset: You may choose the radar ranges you wish to use. When you choose Range
Preset the option window shown below appears. Choose a range and press the ENTER key to
turn that range on or off. At least two ranges must be turned on. The maximum range available
depends on radar model.
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.5
12
16
24
36
48
72
96
On
On
On
On
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
Exit?
Yes
Available ranges
Ship Speed Unit: The ship’s speed unit may be selected to knots (kts), kilometers/hour (km/h) or
miles per hour (mph).
Depth Unit: The depth unit is available in meters (m), feet (ft), fathoms (fa), passi/braza (p/b) or
Hiro (hr).
Temperature Unit: Temperature may be displayed in °C (Celsius) or °F (Fahrenheit).
Wind Direction: Wind direction may be shown as True or Apparent. For further details, see paragraph 1.35.1.
Wind Speed Unit: Wind speed may be shown in knots (kts), kilometers per hour (km/h), miles per
hour (mph) or meters/second (m/s).
Port 1: Set the baud rate of the equipment connected to Port1. “Auto” provides automatic detection of baud rate. External equipment must be equipped with auto baud rate detection feature.
Port 2: Same function as Port1 but for Port2.
Through Output: Data input to port 1 may be output from port 2. Choose “On” to use this feature.
1-44
2.
RADAR OBSERVATION
2.1
General
2.1.1
Minimum and maximum ranges
Minimum range
The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 nm,
a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point representing the
antenna position.
It is mainly dependent on the pulse length, antenna height, and signal processing such as main
bang suppression and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far
as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution MSC.64(67) Annex 4 (Shipborne radar) and A.820: 1995 (High Speed Craft Radar) require the minimum range to be less
than 50 m and 35 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.
Maximum range
The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea,
the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.
Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little
shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction
property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.
R max = 2.2 x ( h1 + h2 )
where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)
h1: antenna height (m)
h2: target height (m)
Radar horizon
Optical horizon
For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the
target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;
R max= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm
It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar
signal).
2-1
2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.1.2
X-band and S-band
In fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between
X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have
better detection than an X-band radar.
2.1.3
Radar resolution
There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range
resolution.
Bearing resolution
Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from
two targets which are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length
and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be
chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2.5Åã (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator
of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.
Range resolution
Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets
which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulse length only.
Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all
FURUNO radars.
Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an
echoing area of 10 m2.
2.1.4
Bearing accuracy
One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be
measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the
radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship's heading, and thus, proper
adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy.
To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.
2.1.5
Range measurement
Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally,
there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker
(VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a
rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker's diameter is increased or
decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain
more accurate range measurements.
2-2
2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.2
False Echoes
Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear
even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they
are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.
2.2.1
Multiple echoes
Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge,
or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple
or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can
be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the SEA
control.
True
echo
Target
Own ship
Multiple
echo
Multiple echoes
2.2.2
Sidelobe echoes
Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam,
called "sidelobes." If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main
lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side
lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through
careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the SEA control.
Target A
Target B
(Spurious) Target B
(True)
Sidelobe echoes
2-3
2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.2.3
Virtual image
A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One
of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is
caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below.
If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily
be seen on the screen.
Target ship
Own ship
True
echo
False
echo
Mirror image
of target ship
Virtual image
2.2.4
Shadow sector
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle
subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced.
Within this sector targets can not be detected.
Radar
antenna
Radar
mast
Shadow sector
Shadow sectors
2-4
2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.3
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)
2.3.1
SART description
A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within
a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which
is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps
rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the
band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles.
At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and
be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match
during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12
dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.
When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12
responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are
equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They
will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.
Screen B: When SART
is close
Screen A: When SART
is distant
Lines of 12 dots
are displayed in
concentric arcs.
Echo from SART
Radar antenna
beamwidth
24 NM
Echo from
SART
1.5 NM
Position of
SART
Own ship
position
9500 MHz
9200 MHz
Own ship
position
SART mark
length
7.5 µs
Sweep time
Position of
SART
Radar receiver
bandwidth
95 µs
Low speed sweep signal
Sweep start
High speed sweep signal
Appearance of SART echo
2-5
2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.3.2
General remarks on receiving SART
SART range errors
When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range
greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64
nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses
are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.
Radar bandwidth
This is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale
and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long
range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.
A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to
use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.
Radar side lobes
As the SART is approached, side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses
as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea
control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to
detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.
Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR
FOR SART DETECTION.
2.4
RACON
A RACON is a radar beacon which emits radar receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum
(X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the
radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar
beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.
RACON
RACON
2-6
3.
ARP OPERATION
The Automatic Radar Plotter ARP-11 (option) manually or automatically acquires and tracks ten
targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1
to 32 nm.
3.1
Usage Precautions
CAUTION
No one navigational aid should be relied
upon for the safety of vessel and crew.
The navigator has the responsibility to
check all aids available to confirm
position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational
principles and common sense.
• This auto plotter automatically tracks an
automatically or manually acquired radar
target and calculates its course and
speed, indicating them by a vector. Since
the data generated by the auto plotter
are based on what radar targets are
selected, the radar must always be
optimally tuned for use with the auto
plotter, to ensure required targets will not
be lost or unwanted targets such as sea
returns and noise will not be acquired
and tracked.
• A target does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or other surface vessels
but can imply returns from sea surface
and clutter. As the level of clutter changes
with environment, the operator should
properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN
and GAIN controls to be sure target
echoes are not eliminated from the
radar screen.
CAUTION
The plotting accuracy and response of
this auto plotter meets IMO standards.
Tracking accuracy is affected by the
following:
• Tracking accuracy is affected by course
change. One to two minutes is required to
restore vectors to full accuracy after an
abrupt course change. (The actual
amount depends on gyrocompass
specifications.)
• The amount of tracking delay is inversely
proportional to the relative speed of the
target. Delay is on the order of 15-30
seconds for high relative speed; 30-60
seconds for low relative speed.
Display accuracy is affected by the
following:
• Echo intensity
• Radar transmission pulsewidth
• Radar bearing error
• Gyrocompass error
• Course change (own ship or target)
3-1
3. ARP OPERATION
3.2
Controls for Use with ARP
ENTER: Acquires cursor-selected target; Displays data for tracked target (in the data box at the
bottom of the screen).
CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected tracked target from the data box; stops
tracking cursor-selected (when its data is not displayed in the data box.
MENU: Accesses the Target and ARP menus for ARP operations.
Trackball: Chooses target to acquire, cancel tracking or show target data.
3.3
ARP Display On/Off
You may turn off the ARP display as shown below.
1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.
2. Use the trackball to choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
ARP
DIsplay
Symbol Color
Auto Acquire
All Cancel
: Off
: Green
: Off
: No
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
ARP menu
3. Use the trackball to choose Display and then press the ENTER key.
Off
On
4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3-2
3. ARP OPERATION
3.4
Acquiring and Tracking Targets
Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you attempt to
acquire an 11th target, the message "ARP FULL - ALREADY TRACKING 10 TARGETS!" appears
for five seconds. To acquire another target, terminate tracking of an unnecessary target, as shown
in the paragraph 3.5.
3.4.1
Manual acquisition
When the automatic acquisition (AUTO ACQ. AREA) is set to on, up to five targets may be
acquired manually. If you attempt to acquire a sixth target, the alert message appears.
1. Place the cursor on the target to acquire.
2. Press the ENTER key.
The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute after acquisition,
indicating the target's motion trend.
Vector
01
At acquisition
01
1 min. after
acquisition
01
3 min. after
acquisition
Target number
ARP target mark
3.4.2
Automatic acquisition
The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic acquisition area.
When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets manually, only the remaining
capacity for targets may be automatically acquired. For example, if seven targets have been manually acquired, three targets may be automatically acquired.
The automatic acquisition area is 2.0 to 2.5 miles in range and ±45° on either side of the heading
line in bearing.Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked when
switching to manual acquisition. Note that targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked when switching to manual acquisition.
Automatic acquisition area
45° port
2.0 - 2.5 nm
45° starboard
Automatic acquisition area
1. Press the MENU key to show the main menu.
2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key
3-3
3. ARP OPERATION
3. Choose Auto Acquire and then press the ENTER key.
Off
On
4. Choose On to enable automatic acquisition.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3.5
Terminating Tracking of ARP Targets
When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are cancelled. If
you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one or more individual targets, or all
targets, using one of the procedures below.
3.5.1
Terminating tracking of selected targets
1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.
2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key to terminate tracking and erase the target.
3.5.2
Terminating tracking of all targets
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose All Cancel and then press the ENTER key.
No
Yes
4. Choose Yes.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3-4
3. ARP OPERATION
3.6
Vector Attributes
What is a vector?
A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed and course of the
target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time
elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision
with any target.
Vector
Vector
Vector time, vector reference
Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to
North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
Target
Vector Time
Vector Reference
History Dots
History Intervals
CPA
TCPA
Proximity Alarm
: 6 min
: Relative
:5
: 1 min
: 1 nm
: 1 min
: Off
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
Target menu
3.
4.
5.
6.
Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.
Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the
ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
30sec
1min
3min
6min
15min
30min
Vector time choices
Note: The functions of the Target menu are commonly shared by ARP
and AIS.
Relative
True
Vector reference choices
3-5
3. ARP OPERATION
3.7
History Display (target past position)
This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any
ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots.
Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement..
(a) Ship turning
(b) Ship running
straight
(c) Ship reduced
speed
(d) Ship increased
speed
Target movement and history display
You may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.
Off
10
4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.
15sec
30sec
1min
2min
3min
6min
12min
7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.
8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3-6
3. ARP OPERATION
3.8
ARP Target Data
You can show target data (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for two tracked ARP
targets, in the data box at the bottom of the screen. To display ARP target data, the ARP display
must be active and the menu item Data Box in the Display sub menu must be set for Target or All.
1. Place the cursor on the ARP target for which you want to know its data.
2. Press the ENTER key to show the target’s data.
0.5
NM
ARP Target
Cursor
+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM
Data box A
Data box B
Data box (A or B)
Vector reference
Vector time
Target no.
Bearing, range, CPA
Course, speed, TCPA
TRUE 5 min
No.10
BRG 016.4 °R RNG 00.65NM CPA 00.60NM
CSE 018.4 °M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00
CPA
Time to CPA
ARP target data
The data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, firstout basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an ARP
target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data
of the newly selected ARP target.
To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
3-7
3. ARP OPERATION
3.9
CPA and TCPA Alarm
When the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range
or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the collision
visual alarm is generated.. In addition, the target plot symbol of the offending target changes to a
triangle and flashes together with its vector. You may silence the audio alarm and acknowledge
the alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues until
you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted
range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to
own ship.
This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However,
it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP
is set up so that it can track targets effectively..
CAUTION
The CPA/TCPA alarm should never be
relied upon as the sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is
not relieved of the responsibility to keep
visual lookout for avoiding collisions,
whether or not the radar or other plotting
aid is in use.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.
Off
0.5nm
1nm
2nm
3nm
5nm
6nm
4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.
5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.
30sec
1min
2min
3min
4min
5min
6min
12min
6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3-8
3. ARP OPERATION
3.10
Proximity Alarm
The proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range
you specify.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.
Off
0.5nm
1nm
2nm
3nm
5nm
6nm
12nm
24nm
4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3.11
Lost Target
When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is discontinued after one minute.
01
Lost target mark
Canceling a lost target
Place the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
3-9
3. ARP OPERATION
3.12
Symbol Color
You may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.
Green
Red
Blue
White
Black
4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
3-10
4.
AIS OPERATION
Connected to an AIS Transponder via an AIS Interface, the FR-8xx2 series can show the name,
position and other nav data of the nearest 100 AIS transponder-equipped ships.
This radar accepts position data fixed by WGS-84 geodetic datum. Set the datum to WGS-84 on
the GPS navigator connected to this radar. If other type of datum is input, the error message
"DATUM" appears and the AIS feature is inoperative.
4.1
Controls for Use with AIS
ENTER: Displays data for cursor-selected active AIS target (in the data box at the bottom of the
screen).
CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected AIS target from the data box.
MENU: Accesses the Target and AIS menus for AIS operations.
Trackball: Chooses active target to display its data.
4.2
Turning the AIS Display On or Off
You may turn the AIS display on or off. The system continues processing of AIS targets regardless
of whether the AIS display is on or off, provided it has been activated.
1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.
2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
AIS
Display
Symbol Color
Range
Sector Start
Sector End
Sort By
Number of Target
: Off
: Green
: 3.0nm
: 340
: 20
: Range
: 100
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
AIS menu
3. Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key.
4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-1
4. AIS OPERATION
4.3
AIS Symbols
When the AIS is turned on, AIS targets are marked with appropriate AIS symbol as below.
Sleeping target
Activated target
Dangerous
target
Lost target
Target selected
for data display
AIS symbols
Note 1: AIS symbols are momentarily erased after the screen is redrawn when the heading is
changed in the Head-up mode.
Note 2: When no AIS data is received, the message "RECEIVE" appears in the text window.
Check the AIS transponder.
4.4
Activating Targets
When you convert a sleeping target to an activated target, that target's course and speed are
shown with a vector. You can easily judge target movement by monitoring the vector.
COG (Course over Ground) vector
Rate of turn
(ROT)
Heading line
(If there is no heading data,
the line points in direction of COG.)
Appearance of an active target
To activate or sleep a target, place the cursor on the target and press the ENTER key.
4-2
4. AIS OPERATION
4.5
Displaying AIS Target Data
Place the cursor on the active target that you want to know its data.
0.5
NM
AIS Target
+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM
Data box A
Data box B
Data box (A or B)
Vector reference
Vector time
MMSI of vessel
Name of
vessel
A TRUE 5 min
Bearing, range, CPA
Course, speed, TCPA
MMSI: *********
NAME: PEGASUS
LENGTH: 100M BEAM: 45M
BRG 123.4 °R RNG 23.45NM CPA 10.00NM
CSE 303.4 °M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00
Length, Beam
of vessel
AIS data
The data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, firstout basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an AIS
target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data
of the newly selected AIS target.
To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
4-3
4. AIS OPERATION
4.6
Display Range
You may set the AIS target display range as below. This allows you to view only those AIS targets
within the range you specify. The setting range is 0-96 miles but actual range depends on the connected AIS Transponder. If the target sorting method is selected to “Range,” the target data within
the range set here are transmitted to this radar.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.
3nm
(0.1nm-96.0nm)
4. Use the trackball to set the display range and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4.7
Sorting Targets
You may sort AIS targets by range from own ship, by sector, by CPA or TCPA.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.
Range
Sector
CPA
TCPA
4. Use the trackball to choose desired sorting method and then press the ENTER key. For
“Sector”, the data for targets within the sector are transmitted to this radar.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-4
4. AIS OPERATION
4.8
Display Sector
You may choose the area where to display AIS targets. The range of the sector may be from 0°
to 359°.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Sector Start and then press the ENTER key.
340
(0-359)
4. Use the trackball to set the starting point for the sector and then press the ENTER key.
5. Choose Sector End and then press the ENTER key.
20
(0-359)
6. Use the trackball to set the end point for the sector and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4.9
Number of Targets to Display
You may choose the number of AIS targets to display, from 10-100. This feature is useful when
the screen becomes cluttered with AIS targets.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Number of Targets and then press the ENTER key.
100
(0-100)
4. Use the trackball to choose the number of targets to display and then press the ENTER key.
Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-5
4. AIS OPERATION
4.10
Vector Attributes
What is a vector?
A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated course of the AIS target.
The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It
can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any
target. (See the illustration on page 4-2 for the appearance of a vector.)
Vector time, vector reference
Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to
North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
Target
Vector Time
Vector Reference
History Dots
History Intervals
CPA
TCPA
Proximity Alarm
: 6 min
: Relative
:5
: 1 min
: 1 nm
: 1 min
: Off
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
Target menu
3.
4.
5.
6.
Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.
Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.
Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER
key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
30sec
1min
3min
6min
15min
30min
Vector time choices
Relative
True
Vector reference choices
4-6
4. AIS OPERATION
4.11
History Display (target past position)
This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any
ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots.
Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.
(a) Ship turning
(b) Ship running
straight
(c) Ship reduced
speed
(d) Ship increased
speed
Target movement and history display
You may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.
Off
10
4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.
5. Press the ENTER key.
6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.
15sec
30sec
1min
2min
3min
6min
12min
7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.
8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-7
4. AIS OPERATION
4.12
CPA and TCPA Alarm
When the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range
or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the symbol
of the offending AIS target changes to the dangerous target symbol.
Triangle is thicker
than that of active
target
Dangerous target symbol
You may silence the audio alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the symbol continues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the
predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of
each AIS target.
This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However,
it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.
Off
0.5nm
1nm
2nm
3nm
5nm
6nm
4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.
5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.
30sec
1min
2min
3min
4min
5min
6min
12min
6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-8
4. AIS OPERATION
4.13
Proximity Alarm
The proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range
you specify.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.
Off
0.5nm
1nm
2nm
3nm
5nm
6nm
12nm
24nm
4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4.14
Lost Target
When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is discontinued after one minute.
Lost target mark
Canceling a lost target
Place the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.
4-9
4. AIS OPERATION
4.15
Symbol Color
You may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.
Green
Red
Blue
White
Black
4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
4-10
5.
GPS OPERATION
With connection of a FURUNO GPS navigator, you may set up the GPS navigator from this radar.
5.1
Navigator Type
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
GPS
Type
Datum
Datum Number
WAAS
WAAS Number
GPS Self Test
Satellite Monitor
Type 16 Message
Forward Offset
Right Offset
Cold Start
: WAAS
: WGS-84
: 001
: Auto
: 120
:0
:0
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
GPS menu
3. Choose Type and then press the ENTER key.
GPS
WAAS
DGPS
4. Choose type of navigator connected to this radar and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
5-1
5. GPS OPERATION
5.2
Datum
Choose the datum type which matches the paper nautical charts you are using. Choose WGS-84
if the radar is interfaced to an AIS Transponder.
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Datum and then press the ENTER key.
WGS-84
Tokyo
Other
4. Choose appropriate datum type and then press the ENTER key. For Other, do steps 5 and 6.
For other choices, go to step 7.
5. Choose Datum Number and then press the ENTER key.
001
6. Use the trackball to choose datum number and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
5.3
WAAS Setup
Choose either automatic or manual WAAS satellite tracking. For manual tracking choose the
WAAS satellite to use.
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose WAAS and then press the ENTER key.
Auto
Manual
4. Choose Auto or Manual as appropriate and then press the ENTER key. For Manual, do steps
5 and 6. For Auto, go to step 7.
5. Choose WAAS Number and then press the ENTER key.
120
6. Use the trackball to choose appropriate WAAS satellite number and then press the ENTER key.
7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
5-2
5. GPS OPERATION
5.4
Satellite Monitor
The Satellite Monitor provides comprehensive information about GPS and WAAS satellites. For
more detailed information, see your GPS navigator’s owner’s manual.
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Satellite Monitor and then press the ENTER key.
DOP (Dilution of Precision, 0-99.0)
SNR of tracked GPS satellites
Satellites whose SNR is above
40 are used to fix position.
Bearing
display
GPS mode
2D, 3D, D2D
D3D, W2D
W3D, DOP
Satellite Monitor
Satellite Monitor
Satellite
D3D
DOP
1.5
GPS satellite
no.
GPS
13
13
07
18
06
19
06
08
31
19
07
09
09
18
16
OK or NG (No Good) displayed
OK or NG (No Good) displayed
0-99 db, higher the better
0-99 db, higher the better
50
01
01
12
12
W 01
Satellites in ring
have elevation
angle of 5°
Satellites in ring
have elevation
angle of 45°
40
31
24
WAAS
satellite
SNR
30
24
Altitude
85m
08
16
DGPS Status
Station Health
DGPS Data
Signal Strength
Signal SNR
[MENU]: Close MENU
13
OK
OK
10dB
11dB
WAAS 122
[ENTER]: Close this window
Satellite
altitude
WAAS satellite
Satellite monitor
To close only the satellite monitor display, press the ENTER key.
5-3
5. GPS OPERATION
5.5
Type 16 Message
The type 16 message provides weather information. It is transmitted by the Japan Maritime Safety
Agency, thus you must be within the transmitting range of a japanese DGPS reference station to
receive this type of message.
You may display this type of message as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Type 16 Message and then press the ENTER key. (If no messages are present you
cannot choose this menu item.)
Time
Wind direction
and speed
(16 compass pts.)
Atmospheric
pressure (0-9999 hPa)
Wave height
(0-99 m)
Type 16 Message
Name of DGPS
reference station
Type 16 Message
Point Name
Time
Wind
Pressure
Direction/Speed
Wave
Murotasaki
13:25
13:55
ENE
NE
5m
10m
1015hPa
1016hPa
10m
13m
Kobe
13:50
13:55
NW
5m
10m
1017hPa
1017hPa
9m
10m
Osakako
13:45
13:15
NW
5m
10m
1015hPa
1017hPa
11m
10m
Oseki
13:35
13:05
SSW
5m
10m
1013hPa
1015hPa
8m
9m
Tomgashima
13:30
13:00
NW
5m
10m
1015hPa
1016hPa
5m
10m
Shinomisaki
13:30
13:00
NW
5m
10m
1015hPa
1016hPa
5m
10m
[MENU]: Close MENU
[ENTER]: Close this window
Type 16 message
Weather messages from as many as six DPGS reference stations are shown and the latest is at
the top.The oldest message is erased when a new message arrives.
To close only the message board, press the ENTER key.
5-4
5. GPS OPERATION
5.6
GPS Sensor Installation Position Offset
The installation position of the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna must be the same in
order to get accurate position information on the radar. If they are different, measure the distance
between the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna, in the bow/stern and/or port/starboard
direction, and enter those distances in the radar as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Forward Offset (bow or stern offset) or Right Offset (port or starboard offset) as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.
+ 0m
(-999m-+999m)
4. Use the trackball to set value and then press the ENTER key.
+ value: Bow direction, port direction
- value: Stern direction, starboard direction
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
5-5
5. GPS OPERATION
5.7
Cold Start
A cold start may be necessary in the following conditions:
• If the GPS receiver has been powered off for a long period of time.
• The vessel has far away from the previous fixing position (e.g., more than 500 km).
• Other reason that prevents the receiver from finding its position within five minutes after power
on.
To perform a cold start, do the following:
1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.
2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Choose Cold Start and then press the ENTER key.
Confirm
Is it all right?
Yes
No
4. Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key.
5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
5-6
6.
MAINTENANCE &
TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter provides the necessary procedures for maintenance and troubleshooting. Follow the
recommend procedures to keep your radar in good working order.
WARNING
Do not open the equipment.
Hazardous voltage which can
cause electrical shock exists
inside the equipment. Only
qualified personnel should
work inside the equipment.
Turn off the radar power
switch before servicing the
antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch
indicating it should not be
turned on while the antenna
unit is being serviced.
Prevent the potential risk of
being struck by the rotating
antenna and exposure to
RF radiation hazard.
Wear a safety belt and hard
hat when working on the
antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can
result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast.
6-1
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.1
Preventive Maintenance
Regular maintenance is important for optimum performance. A maintenance program should be
established and should at least include the items shown in the table below.
Maintenance
Interval
Item
Check point
Remedy
The LCD will, in time,
accumulate a coating of
dust which tends to dim
the picture. Wipe LCD
lightly with soft cloth to
remove dust.
Wipe the LCD carefully to prevent
scratching, using tissue paper and an
LCD cleaner. To remove dirt or salt
deposits, use an LCD cleaner, wiping
slowly with tissue paper so as to dissolve
the dirt or salt. Change paper frequently
so the salt or dirt will not scratch the
LCD. Do not use solvents such as
thinner, acetone or benzene for
cleaning. They may remove paint and
markings.
When
necessary
LCD
3 to 6
months
Ground
Check for tight connecterminal on dis- tion and rust.
play unit
Tighten or replace as necessary.
DIsplay unit
connectors
Check for tight connection.
Tighten if loosened.
Exposed nuts
and bolts on
antenna unit
Check for corroded or
loosened bolts.
Clean and repaint as necessary. Sealing
compound may be used in place of paint.
Antenna
radiator
Check for dirt and cracks Clean radiator surface with freshwateron radiator
moistened cloth. Do not use plastic solsurface.f
vents for cleaning.
6-2
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.2
Replacement of Fuses
The fuse on the power cable protects the equipment from reverse polarity of the ship's mains and
equipment fault. If the fuse blows, find out the cause before replacing it. Use the correct fuse.
Using the wrong fuse will damage the equipment and void the warranty.
WARNING
Use the proper fuse.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage
to the equipment or cause fire.
Unit and fuses
Unit
Power supply
DIsplay unit
Power supply unit
(for FR-8252)
6.3
Fuse
12 V
15 A
24 V
10 A
12 V
15 A
24 V
10 A
Replacing the Magnetron
When the magnetron has expired, distant targets cannot be seen on the display. When you feel
that long range performance has decreased, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.
Model and magnetron
Model
Magnetron type
Code No.
FR-8062
MAF1422B
000-146-871
FR-8122
MAF1425B
000-146-872
FR-8252
MAF1458B
000-140-344
6-3
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.4
Trackball Maintenance
If the cursor skips or moves abnormally, you may need to clean the Trackball.
POWER
BRILL
GAIN
STBY
TX
PUSH AUTO/MAN
SEA
MODE
PUSH AUTO/MAN
CUSTOM
RAIN
PUSH AUTO/MAN
RANGE
F1
F2
ZOOM
OFF
CENTER
TARGET
ALARM
TRAILS
EBL
VRM
MENU
TLL
ENTER
CANCEL
HL OFF
Trackball
DIsplay unit
1. Turn the retainer ring counterclockwise 45° to unlock it.
2. Remove the retainer ring and ball.
3. Clean the ball with a soft lint-free cloth, and then blow carefully into the ball-cage to dislodge
dust and lint.
4. Look for a build-up of dirt on the metal rollers. If dirty, clean the rollers with a cotton swab moistened lightly with isopropyl-rubbing alcohol.
5. Make sure that fluff from the swab is not left on the rollers.
6. Replace the ball and retainer ring. Be sure the retainer ring is not inserted reversely.
Trackball maintenance parts are available as below.
Part
Retainer ring and ball
6-4
Type No.
MU3721
Code No.
000-144-645
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.5
Simple Troubleshooting
This section provides simple troubleshooting procedures which the user can follow to restore
normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation do not attempt to check inside the unit.
Any trouble should be referred to a qualified technician.
Simple troubleshooting
If...
But...
Then...
you cannot turn on
the power
• Check for blown fuse.
• Check that the power connector is firmly
fastened.
• Check for corrosion on the power cable
connector.
• Check for damaged power cable.
• Check battery for proper voltage output (10.831.2 V).
there is no response
when a key is
pressed
Turn off and on the power. If there still is no
response the key may be faulty. Contact your
dealer for advice.
if the power is on and nothing appears on the
you operated the
display
STBY/TX key to
transmit
Check that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.
marks and legends
appears
no echo appears
Check that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.
tuning is properly
adjusted
sensitivity is poor
The magnetron may need to be replaced.
Contact your dealer.
the range is changed but radar picture does not
change
• Try to hit the RANGE key again.
• Turn the display unit off and on.
there is poor discrimination in range
Adjust the SEA control.
the true motion
presentation is not
working properly
• Reselect the true motion mode.
• Check if heading and speed are input.
the range rings are
not displayed
Check that the setting of Range Rings Brill in the
Brill/Color sub menu is set to other than Off.
6-5
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.6
Advanced-level Troubleshooting
This paragraph describes how to cure hardware and software troubles which should be carried
out by qualified service personnel.
Note: This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis and repair down
to component level are not practicable by users.
Advanced-level troubleshooting
Problem
Probable cause or
check points
Remedy
Power turned on but
radar does not work
1) Blown fuse.
2) Mains voltage/polarity
3) Power supply board
1) Replace blown fuse.
2) Correct wiring and input voltage.
3) Replace power supply board.
Brilliance adjusted
but no picture
1) SPU Board
1) Replace SPU board.
Antenna not rotating
1) Antenna drive mechanism
1) Replace antenna drive mechanism.
Data and marks not 1) SPU board
displayed in Transmit
status
1) Replace SPU board.
Adjust GAIN with
1) IF amplifier
SEA set at minimum. 2) Signal cable between
antenna and processor unit
Marks and indications
appear but no noise
or echo
3. Video amplifier board
1) Replace IF amplifier.
2) Check continuity and isolation of coaxial
cable.
Note: Disconnect the plug and lugs at both
ends of coaxial cable before checking it (by
ohmmeter).
3) Check coax line for secure connection. If
connection is good, replace SPU board.
Marks, indications
and noise appear but
no echo (Transmission leak representing own ship
position is absent)
1) Tx fuse
Picture not updated
or picture freeze-up
1) Bearing signal generator
2) Magnetron
3) Modulator board
4) SPU board
2) SPU board
3) Video freeze-up
Radar is properly
1) Deteriorated magnetron
tuned but sensitivity is
poor
2) Detuned MIC
3) Dirt on radiator face
4) 2nd trace echo rejector is
ON.
6-6
1) If fuse has blown, replace it. If it blows
again, the modulator or associated circuit
may be defective.
2) Check magnetron current.
3) Replace modulator board.
4) Replace SPU board.
1) Check that signal cables are fastened
securely.
2) Replace SPU board.
3) Turn the radar off and on.
1) With the radar transmitting on 48 nm
range, check magnetron current. If current is below normal, magnetron may be
defective. Replace the magnetron.
2) Check MIC detecting current. If it is below
normal value, MIC may have become
detuned. MIC must be tuned
3) Clean radiator.
4) Turn off the 2nd trace echo rejector, on
the Echo menu.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
Advanced-level troubleshooting
Problem
Probable cause or
check points
Remedy
Range changed but 1) Defective range key
radar picture does not
change
2) SPU board
3) Video freeze-up
1) Try to operate the RANGE key. If unsuccessful, replacement of the keypad may
be necessary.
2) Replace SPU board.
3) Turn radar off and on.
Interference rejector
is not working (interference rejection
level not displayed)
1) SPU Board
1) Replace SPU Board.
Echo stretch is not
working (Neither
ES1, ES2 or ES3 is
displayed)
1) SPU Board
1) SPU Board
Range rings are not
displayed
1) Adjust their brilliance on the 1) Replace associated circuit board if unsucBrill/Color menu.
cessful.
2) SPU Board
2) Replace SPU Board.
Poor discrimination in Sea clutter control not funcrange
tioning properly
Improper adjustment of SEA control.
True motion presentation not working
properly
1) Poor contact of MODE key. 1) Try to press the key a little harder.
2) TM display accurate
2) Make sure that speed and compass
inputs are accurate.
Target not tracked
correctly
Poor definition of targets in sea Adjust SEA and RAIN controls.
clutter
6-7
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.7
System Test
The diagnostic test checks the system for proper operation.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.
Menu
Brill/Color
Display
Echo
Target Trails
Mark
Custom 1
Custom 2
Custom 3
Manual Tune
Target
ARP
AIS
GPS
System
Initial
Factory
Installation
Factory menu
6-8
Factory
Test
LCD Pattern
Memory Clear
S/T / W/X: Select
[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back
[MENU]: Exit
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
3. Use the trackball to choose Test and then press the ENTER key.
ROM
RAM
NMEA1
NMEA2
RS-232C
PROGRAM NUMBER
: OK
: OK
: OK
: OK
: OK
: 0317101-XX.XX
HEADING
BEARING
TUNE VOLTAGE
INDICATOR VOLTAGE
ANTENNA ROTATION
MOTOR VOLTAGE
ECHO LEVEL
TRIGGER FREQUENCY
: OK
: OK
: 10.1 V
: 4.2 V
: 48.1 rmp
: 23.4 V
: -40 dBm
: 3000 Hz
TOTAL ON TIME
TOTAL TX TIME
: 123456.7 H
: 987654.3 H
000
000
000
INPUT NMEA
Input NMEA data sentences appear here.
000
000
ARP-11 PROGRAM NUMBER: 035-1515-XX.XX
ARP-11
: OK

[MENU] x 3 : Exit
DIagnostics screen
• At the top of the screen the results of system checks are displayed. OK or NG (No Good)
is shown as the result for the check of ROM, RAM, data ports NMEA1 and NMEA2
(blank if no data is input) and RS-232C. For any NG contact your dealer for advice.
PROGRAM NUMBER shows program number and program version number.
• Heading and bearing signals are checked for proper input and the result displayed as
OK or NG. Tune and indicator voltages, antenna rotation speed, antenna motor voltage,
echo level and trigger frequency are measured and shown. TOTAL ON TIME and
TOTAL TX TIME show the total number of hours the radar has been powered and transmitted, respectively.
• The INPUT NMEA window shows all the NMEA sentences being input to this radar.
• If the optional ARP-11 is connected, its program number and test results are shown
below the INPUT NMEA window.
6-9
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
• At the right side of the display there are squares, circles and ovals, and they are for
checking the controls of the display unit and remote controller. Press each key one by
one. The key’s on location “lights” (color depends on color scheme in use) if the key is
functioning normally and extinguishes when the key is released. For the GAIN, SEA and
and RAIN controls the three-digits below each control changes according to control
position, and the range is 0-100. The three digits below the trackball show the trackball’s
on-screen X-Y position and the range of display is 0-255.
4. Press the MENU key three times on the display unit or remote controller to esape from the test.
6.8
LCD Test
The LCD pattern test checks the LCD for proper display of colors.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Use the trackball to choose LCD Pattern and then press the ENTER key.
The screen is initially all white. Hit the MENU key to display the test pattern for black, red, blue
and green colors.
MENU
key
MENU
key
WHITE
BLACK
LCD test screens
4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
6-10
RED
GREEN
BLUE
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.9
GPS Test
The FURUNO GPS receiver interfaced with this radar can be checked for proper operation as follows:
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Use the trackball to choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.
3. Use the trackball to choose GPS Self Test and then press the ENTER key. The program no.
and results of the test are shown, as OK or NG (No Good). For NG, check the GPS receiver
GPS Self Test
GPS Self Test
Program No.
Result
: 48502380XX
: OK
XX = Program version no.
GPS self test results
4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.
6-11
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
6.10
Clearing the Memory
You may wish to clear the memory to restore all default settings, to start afresh.
1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.
2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.
3. Use the trackball to choose Memory Clear and then press the ENTER key. You are asked if you
are sure to clear the memory.
Confirm
Is it all right?
Yes
No
4.Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key to clear the memory.
5. When the memory is cleared a long buzzer sounds.
6-12
FURUNO
FR-8xx2 Series
SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR
FR-8062/FR-8122/FR-8252
1.
1.1
GENERAL
Range, Pulse length, (PL) & Pulse repetition rate (PRR)
Range (nm)
Pulse length (µs)
PRR (Hz approx.)
0.125 to 1.5
0.08
2100
1.5 to 3
0.3
1200
3 to 96
0.8
600
1.2
Maximum Range
96 nm (all models)
1.3
Range Resolution
20 m
1.4
Bearing Resolution
1.9° (4 ft), 1.2° (6 ft)
1.5
Minimum Range
21 m
1.6
1.7
Bearing Accuracy
±1.0°
Range, Range Ring Accuracy 1.0% of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater
2.
ANTENNA UNIT
2.1
XN-12A (4 ft)
2.1.1
Radiator
Slotted array
2.1.2
Polarization
Horizontal
2.1.3
Antenna Rotation
24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor
fixed at 24 rpm.)
2.1.4
Radiator Length
125.5 cm
2.1.5
Horizontal Beamwidth
1.9°
2.1.6
Vertical Beamwidth
2.2°
2.1.7
Sidelobe Attenuation
-24 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe)
-30 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more)
2.2
XN-13A (6 ft)
2.2.1
Radiator
Slotted array
2.2.2
Polarization
Horizontal
2.2.3
Antenna Rotation
24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor
fixed at 24 rpm.)
2.2.4
Radiator Length
180 cm
2.2.5
Horizontal Beamwidth
1.35°
2.2.6
Vertical Beamwidth
2.2°
2.2.7
Sidelobe Attenuation
-28 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe)
-35 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more)
3.
RF TRANSCEIVER
3.1
Frequency and Modulation
9410 MHz ±30MHz (X band), P0N
3.2
Peak Output Power
FR-8062: 6 kW, FR-8112: 12 kW, FR-8052: 25 kW
SP - 1
E354S01A
FURUNO
FR-8xx2 Series
3.3
Intermediate Frequency
60 MHz
3.4
Tuning
Automatic or manual
3.5
Pulse length, PL, PRF and range
Pulse length
Short
Medium
Long
PL (µs)
0.08
0.3
0.8
PRF (Hz)
2100
1200
800
Range scale (nm)
0.125, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75, 1,0
1.5, 2, 3
2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 64,
72, 96
3.6
Noise figure
6 dB (typical)
4. DISPLAY UNIT
4.1
Display
12.1-inch rectangular TFT color LCD, 600 x 800 dots,
Effective radar display 298 dots
4.2
Range, Range Ring Interval (RI), Number of Rings
Range
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
12
16
24
36
48
Ring
Interval
No. of
rings
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.5
4.3
Markers
Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings, Variable Range
Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), Target Alarm
Zone, Waypoint Mark (navigation input required), Zoom Window
4.4
Alphanumeric Indications
Range, Range Ring Interval, Interference Rejection (IR), Variable Range Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL),
Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Averaging (EAV), TX Pulse width,
Guard Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT)), Echo Stretch (ES), Range and
Bearing to Cursor or Cursor Position, Echo Trail Reference,
Echo Trail Time, Nav Data (Position, Speed, Course, etc.),
ARP/AIS Target Data
5.
5.1
POWER SUPPLY
Rated Voltage/Current
FR-8062 - 12-24 VDC: 3.2 A (24 V, no wind)
FR-8122 - 12-24 VDC: 3.8 A (24 V, no wind)
FR-8252 - 12-24 VDC: 5.0 A (24 V, no wind)
5.2
6.
6.1
Rectifier (option)
100-115/220-230 VAC, 1 phase, 50/60 Hz
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Ambient Temperature
Antenna Unit: -25°C to +70°C
Display Unit: -15°C to +55°C
Remote Controller: +5°C to +45°C
Power Supply Unit: -15°C to +55°C
6.2
Relative Humidity
93% or less at +40°C
SP - 2
E354S01A
FURUNO
6.3
Waterproofing
FR-8xx2 Series
Antenna Unit: IPX6
Display Unit: IPX5
Remote Controller, Power Supply Unit: IPX0
6.4
Vibration IEC 60945-4th
- 2Hz to 5 Hz and up to 13.2 Hz with a deviation of ±1 mm
±10% (7 m/s2 maximum acceleration at 13.2 Hz);
- above 13.2 Hz and up to 100 Hz with a constant maximum
acceleration of 7 m/s2 .
7.
COATING COLOR
7.1
Display Unit
N3.0
7.2
Antenna Unit
N9.5
SP - 3
E354S01A
FURUNO
FR-8xx2 Series
This page intentionally left blank.
SP - 4
E354S01A
INDEX
Advanced-level troubleshooting, 6-6
AIS
activating targets, 4-2
activating, deactivating, 4-1
controls for, 4-1
CPA, TCPA alarm, 4-8
display on/off, 4-2
display range, 4-4
display sector, 4-5
lost target, 4-9
number of targets, 4-5
proximity alarm, 4-9
sorting targets, 4-4
symbol color, 4-10
target data, 4-3
target past positions (history display), 4-7
vector, 4-6
Alarm message, 1-44
Antenna speed, 1-42
ARP
acquiring targets, 3-3
activating, deactivating, 3-2
controls for, 3-2
CPA, TCPA alarm, 3-8
lost target, 3-9
past target positions, 3-6
proximity alarm, 3-9
symbol color, 3-10
terminating tracking of target, 3-4
usage precautions, 3-1
vector, 3-5
Background color, 1-38
CANCEL/HL OFF key, 1-33
Characteristics curve, 1-42
Color schemes, 1-38
Control description, 1-2
Controls, 1-1
Course-up mode, 1-9
Cursor, 1-15
CUSTOM key, 1-34
Custom setup
description, 1-34
setting, 1-35
Depth unit, 1-47
Dynamic range, 1-41
EBL
measuring bearing by, 1-19
reference, 1-19
EBL key, 1-20
Echo area, 1-45
Echo averaging, 1-27
Echo stretch, 1-26
F1, F2 key, 1-36
False echoes, 2-3
Function keys, 1-36
Fuse replacement, 6-3
GAIN control
adjustment method, 1-11
automatic adjustment, 1-11
manual adjustment, 1-12
GPS
cold start, 5-6
datum, 5-2
navigator type, 5-1
satellite monitor, 5-3
sensor installation offset, 5-5
test, 6-11
type 16 message, 5-4
WAAS, 5-2
GPS test, 6-11
Heading line, 1-33
Heading marker, 1-33
Head-up mode, 1-8
Head-up true bearing mode, 1-9
Indications, 1-5
Initial menu, 1-46
Interference rejector, 1-16
Key beep, 1-46
Magnetron replacement, 6-3
Maintenance
fuse replacement, 6-3
magnetron replacement, 6-3
preventive, 6-2
trackball, 6-4
Memory clear, 6-12
Menu, 1-6
MENU key, 1-6
MODE key, 1-8
Multiple echoes, 2-3
IN-1
INDEX
Navigation data
at screen bottom, 1-40
standby, 1-39
Noise rejector, 1-36
North-up mode, 1-9
OFF CENTER key, 1-24
Offcentering the display, 1-24
Origin mark, 1-33
Parallel index lines
mode, 1-32
turning on/off, 1-31
POWER/BRILL key, 1-4, 1-6
Presentation mode
course-up, 1-9
heading, 1-8
north-up, 1-9
true bearing mode, 1-9
true motion, 1-10
Preventive maintenance, 6-2
Pulse length, 1-11
Quick start, 1-4
RACON, 2-6
RAIN control
adjustment method, 1-13
automatic adjustment, 1-14
manual adjustment, 1-14
Range and bearing between two targets, 1-20
RANGE key, 1-10
Range measurement, 1-17
Range preset, 1-47
Range ring brilliance, 1-17
Range unit, 1-46
SART, 2-5
SEA control
adjustment method, 1-12
automatic adjustment, 1-12
manual adjustment, 1-13
Second-trace echoes, 1-37
Ship speed unit, 1-47
Sidelobe echoes, 2-3
STBY/TX key, 1-4
System configuration, 1-ix
System test, 6-8
Target alarm
acknowledging, 1-22
alarm type, 1-22
sensitivity, 1-23
setting, 1-21
IN-2
TARGET ALARM key, 1-21
Target trails
color, 1-29
gradation, 1-29
level, 1-29
long trails, 1-31
mode, 1-28
own ship trail, 1-30
restarting, 1-31
starting, 1-28
stopping, 1-28
thin trails, 1-30
trail copy, 1-30
Temperature unit, 1-47
Tests
GPS test, 6-11
LCD test, 6-10
system, 6-8
TLL key, 1-32
Trackball maintenance, 6-4
TRAILS key, 1-28
Troubleshooting
advanced level, 6-6
simple, 6-5
True motion mode, 1-10
Tuning, 1-7
Virtual image, 2-4
VRM
measuring range by, 1-17
unit of range measurement, 1-18
VRM key, 1-17
Watchman, 1-37
Waypoint mark, 1-43
Wind direction, 1-47
Wind speed unit, 1-47
ZOOM key, 1-25

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Furuno USA 9ZWRTR086 MARINE RADAR User Manual

Furuno USA Inc MARINE RADAR

USERS MANUAL

FCC ID Filing: ADB9ZWRTR086

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