GE MDS DS-SD9-1 Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual 4846G SD Ref Pkt Trans Body

GE MDS LLC Wireless Data Transceiver 4846G SD Ref Pkt Trans Body

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Users Manual

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Document Author: 220023373

Secure, Long Range IP/Ethernet & Serial
Covering ES/SS Units with Firmware Version 4.3.x
Installation and
Operation
Guide
Technical
Manual
MDS SD Series
Applies to all models EXCEPT those operated in x710 Mode. For x710 mode
operation, refer to Publication 05-4670A01.
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
July 2012
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Quick-Start instructions for this product are contained in publication 05-4847A01.
All GE MDS manuals and updates are available online at www.gemds.com.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual .......................................................................................... 1
2.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 3
2.1 Front Panel Connectors and Indicators .................................................................................. 3
2.2 Key Product Features ............................................................................................................. 4
Media Access Control (MAC).................................................................................................... 4
VLAN Capability........................................................................................................................ 5
Terminal Server Capability ........................................................................................................ 5
Store and Forward Capability.................................................................................................... 5
2.3 SD Model Offerings ................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Operating Modes and Applicable Manuals ............................................................................. 6
2.5 Accessories and Spares ......................................................................................................... 7
Protected Network Station ........................................................................................................ 7
Dual Protected Configurations .................................................................................................. 8
3.0 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................ 10
3.1 Operating Parameters .......................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Example Systems ..................................................................................................................11
Multiple Address Systems (MAS) ............................................................................................11
Point-to-Point System ..............................................................................................................11
IP/Ethernet Polling and Terminal Server Operation ................................................................ 12
Port Sharing with Multiple Hosts ............................................................................................. 13
Push Communication (Report-by Exception).......................................................................... 14
IP Polling of Serial Remotes ................................................................................................... 14
Serial Remotes with Two Serial Ports ..................................................................................... 15
4.0 INSTALLATION PLANNING ......................................................................................... 17
4.1 Mounting Options ................................................................................................................. 18
Optional DIN Rail Mounting .................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Antennas and Feedlines ....................................................................................................... 19
Antennas................................................................................................................................. 19
Feedlines ................................................................................................................................ 19
4.3 DC Power Connection .......................................................................................................... 20
4.4 Grounding Considerations .................................................................................................... 21
4.5 Ethernet Data Interface (RJ-45) ........................................................................................... 21
4.6 Serial Data Interfaces ........................................................................................................... 22
COM1 (Serial) Connection...................................................................................................... 22
COM2 (Data) Connections...................................................................................................... 24
5.0 STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLATION .................................................................................. 26
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
5.1 Initial Configuration ............................................................................................................... 27
Web-Based Management ....................................................................................................... 27
Alternative Management Methods .......................................................................................... 27
Web Browser Connection ....................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Initial Startup & Checkout ..................................................................................................... 30
Ethernet Connector LEDs ....................................................................................................... 31
5.3 Optimizing the Radio Network .............................................................................................. 31
Modem Type Setting ............................................................................................................... 31
Inter-Packet Gap Settings....................................................................................................... 32
Baud Rate Setting................................................................................................................... 32
Ethernet Settings .................................................................................................................... 32
Antenna SWR Check .............................................................................................................. 33
6.0 USING THE DEVICE MANAGER................................................................................. 34
6.1 Navigating the Screens ........................................................................................................ 34
Overview Screen..................................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Management Tasks .............................................................................................................. 36
6.3 Configuration Screens .......................................................................................................... 41
Radio....................................................................................................................................... 41
Store and Forward Operation.................................................................................................. 45
Features.................................................................................................................................. 50
Understanding the Use of Virtual Radio Channels (VRCs)..................................................... 55
Using the Terminal Server—Typical Example......................................................................... 58
Communications Ports ............................................................................................................ 62
Security ................................................................................................................................... 65
6.4 Maintenance & Status Screen .............................................................................................. 68
Event Log................................................................................................................................ 68
Alarm Summary ...................................................................................................................... 69
Performance ........................................................................................................................... 71
Radio Test ............................................................................................................................... 73
Firmware Utilities .................................................................................................................... 76
Configuration Files .................................................................................................................. 80
7.0
TROUBLESHOOTING................................................................................................. 83
7.1 LED Indicators ...................................................................................................................... 84
7.2 Checking for Alarms/Events ................................................................................................. 85
Major Alarms vs. Minor Alarms ............................................................................................... 85
Status and Informational Events ............................................................................................. 85
Event Code Definitions ........................................................................................................... 86
7.3 Operating Constraints ........................................................................................................... 87
8.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE .......................................................................................... 89
8.1 Performing Network-Wide Remote Diagnostics ................................................................... 89
Setting Up Diagnostics............................................................................................................ 90
8.2 Over-the-Air Firmware Upgrades ......................................................................................... 90
Intrusive vs. Passive (Non-Intrusive) Mode ............................................................................ 91
OTA Reprogramming Overview .............................................................................................. 92
Cancelling OTA Reprogramming ............................................................................................ 93
Error Conditions/Recovery...................................................................................................... 93
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Execution and Screen Examples ............................................................................................ 93
COM1 Operating Modes ...................................................................................................... 94
Changing COM1 Modes ......................................................................................................... 94
Implementing Sleep Mode .................................................................................................... 95
User-Programmable I/O Functions ....................................................................................... 96
Technical Specifications ...................................................................................................... 96
dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart ...................................................................................... 99
9.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................... 100
Copyright and Trademark
This manual and all software described herein is protected by Copyright: 2012 GE MDS, LLC. All
rights reserved. GE MDS, LLC reserves its right to correct any errors and omissions in this publication. Modbus® is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric Corporation. All other trademarks
and product names are the property of their respective owners.
RF Safety Notice (English and French)
RF Exposure
l'exposition aux RF
Concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard to
humans. Do not allow people to come closer to the antenna than the distances
listed in the table below when the transmitter is operating. More information on
RF exposure can be found online at the following website:
www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
Concentré d'énergie à partir d'une antenne directionnelle peut poser un risque
pour la santé humaine. Ne pas permettre aux gens de se rapprocher de l'antenne
que les distances indiquées dans le tableau ci-dessous lorsque l'émetteur est en
marche. Plus d'informations sur l'exposition aux RF peut être trouvé en ligne à
l'adresse suivante: www.fcc.gov / oet / info / documents et bulletins.
Antenna Gain vs. Minimum RF Safety Distance
Antenna Gain
0–5 dBi
5–10 dBi
10–16.5 dBi
Safety Distance (SD4)
0.79 meter
1.41 meters
3.05 meters
Safety Distance (SD9)
0.46 meter
.82 meters
1.74 meters
Safety Distance (SD1)
For SD1, maintain an RF safety distance of
1.80 meters for a 7 dBd (9.15 dBi) antenna.
Use of higher gain antennas means
increasing the distance accordingly.
Safety Distance (SD2)
For SD2, maintain an RF safety distance of
1.50 meters for a 7 dBd (9.15 dBi) antenna.
Use of higher gain antennas means
increasing the distance accordingly.
Safety Distance
(Other SD models):
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Consult factory prior to operation.
SD Series Technical Manual
iii
FCC Part 15 Notice
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation. Any unauthorized modification or changes to this device without the
express approval of the manufacturer may void the user’s authority to operate this device. Furthermore, this device is intended to be used only when installed in accordance with the instructions outlined in this manual. Failure to comply with these instructions may void the user’s authority to
operate this device.
Industry Canada Notice
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Servicing Precautions
When servicing energized equipment, be sure to wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). During internal service, situations could arise where objects accidentally contact or short
circuit components and the appropriate PPE would alleviate or decrease the severity of potential
injury. When servicing radios, all workplace regulations and other applicable standards for live
electrical work should be followed to ensure personal safety.
Manual Revision and Accuracy
This manual was prepared to cover a specific version of firmware code. Accordingly, some screens
and features may differ from the actual unit you are working with. While every reasonable effort
has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, product improvements may also result in
minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have additional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please contact GE MDS using the information at
the back of this guide. In addition, manual updates can be found on our web site at
www.gemds.com
Environmental Information
The manufacture of this equipment has required the extraction and use of natural resources.
Improper disposal may contaminate the environment and present a health risk due to hazardous
substances contained within. To avoid dissemination of these substances into our environment, and
to limit the demand on natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate recycling systems for disposal. These systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials found in this equipment
in a sound way. Please contact GE MDS or your supplier for more information on the proper disposal of this equipment.
Battery Disposal—This product may contain a battery. Batteries must be disposed of properly, and
may not be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. See the product documentation for specific battery information. Batteries are marked with a symbol, which may
include lettering to indicate cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or mercury (Hg). For proper recycling return
the battery to your supplier or to a designated collection point. For more information see:
www.weeerohsinfo.com.
iv
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Product Test Data Sheets
Test Data Sheets showing the original factory test results for this unit are available upon request
from the GE MDS Quality Leader. Contact the factory using the information at the back of this
manual. Serial numbers must be provided for each product where a Test Data Sheet is required.
CSA/us Notice
This product is approved for use in Class 1, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D Hazardous Locations.
Such locations are defined in Article 500 of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) publication NFPA 70, otherwise known as the National Electrical Code. The transceiver has been recognized for use in these hazardous locations by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) which
also issues the US mark of approval (CSA/US). The CSA Certification is in accordance with CSA
STD C22.2 No. 213-M1987.
CSA Conditions of Approval: The transceiver is not acceptable as a stand-alone unit for use in the
hazardous locations described above. It must either be mounted within another piece of equipment
which is certified for hazardous locations, or installed within guidelines, or conditions of approval,
as set forth by the approving agencies. These conditions of approval are as follows: The transceiver
must be mounted within a separate enclosure which is suitable for the intended application.The
antenna feedline, DC power cable and interface cable must be routed through conduit in accordance with the National Electrical Code. Installation, operation and maintenance of the transceiver
should be in accordance with the transceiver's installation manual, and the National Electrical
Code. Tampering or replacement with non-factory components may adversely affect the safe use
of the transceiver in hazardous locations, and may void the approval. A power connector with
screw-type retaining screws as supplied by GE MDS must be used.
EXPLOSION
HAZARD!
Do not disconnect equipment unless power has been switched off or the area is known to
be non-hazardous. Refer to Articles 500 through 502 of the National Electrical Code
(NFPA 70) for further information on hazardous locations and approved Division 2 wiring
methods.
BSD License Information
The SD Series products contain source code originally released as part of “WPA Supplicant” which
is copyrighted as indicated below and is redistributed under the terms of the BSD license:
WPA Supplicant
Copyright (c) 2003-2010, Jouni Malinen  and contributors
All Rights Reserved.
BSD License
------Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer.
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name(s) of the above-listed copyright holder(s) nor the names of its contributors may
be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
“AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This manual is one of two publications for users of the MDS SD Series
Transceiver shown in Figure 1. It contains an overview of common
applications, installation planning data, specifications, troubleshooting,
and instructions for using the web-based Device Manager. This manual
is intended for technical personnel who perform network design, configuration, and troubleshooting of the equipment.
A companion Setup Guide is also available (Part no. 05-4847A01). The
scope of the Setup Guide is limited to installing the transceiver and
placing it in service for the first time. All product documentation may be
downloaded free of charge from the GE MDS website at
www.gemds.com. The website also contains links to Application Bulletins
and other product information.
Invisible place holder
Figure 1. MDS SD Series Transceiver
1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual
Software & Device
Manager Notations
This product is designed for software control via a connected PC. To
show the names of screen items, keyboard entries, or other information
displayed on a PC, a distinctive bolded font is used throughout the
manual that appears as follows:
Bolded font example (for screen names and keyboard entries)
To show the navigation path leading to a particular screen, this same
font is used with forward-pointing arrows between screen names. For
example, suppose you wish to access the radio’s Packet Settings Screen.
The navigation string shown for it would appear as follows:
Configuration>>Packet Settings
Model Number
Notations
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
The term “SD” or “SD Series” is used in this manual to denote all
models in the SD product line. Specific model numbers such as MDS
SD1 (150-174 MHz), SD2 (216-235 MHz), SD4 (300-512 MHz), and
SD9 (928-960 MHz) are used only when necessary to reference
model-specific features.
SD Series Technical Manual
Authorization
Features
Some features of the radio are dependent on purchased options and
applicable regulatory constraints. A “key” icon is shown near the
heading of any such features. In some cases a feature upgrade may be
available. Contact your sales representative for additional information.
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
2.0
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The transceiver is a software-configurable, industrial radio for use in
licensed data acquisition networks. It may be interfaced with a variety
of data control equipment including remote terminal units (RTUs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), flow computers, and similar
devices. Data interface connections may be made for both serial
(RS-232/RS-485) and Ethernet protocols. It is designed for use in both
polled networks and report-by-exception (push) systems.
The radio employs digital signal processing (DSP) technology and a
fully digital transmit and receive IF chain to provide robust communications even under adverse conditions. DSP technology also helps eliminate the effects of component variations or temperature changes,
resulting in optimized performance.
2.1 Front Panel Connectors and Indicators
Figure 2 shows the transceiver’s front panel connectors and indicators.
These items are referenced in the installation steps and in various other
locations in the manual. The transceiver’s LED functions are described
in Table 10 on Page 31.
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LED INDICATOR
PANEL
ETHERNET
CONNECTOR (RJ-45)
DC INPUT
POWER
SERIAL DATA
CONNECTORS (DB-9)
COM1 used for radio management
ANTENNA
CONNECTOR (TNC)
Figure 2. Front Panel Connectors & Indicators
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SD Series Technical Manual
2.2 Key Product Features
The transceiver is designed to meet the demanding needs of today’s
wireless networks in a compact, and rugged package. It offers an array
of features in a single hardware platform:
• Software-configurable via a built-in Device Manager—no manual controls or adjustments.
• Media Access Control (MAC) to prevent data collisions when two
or more radios try to use the radio channel at the same time.
• Available encryption of payload data (AES 128-bit)
• Supports Virtual LAN (VLAN) operation
• Terminal Server capability to enable IP addressing of serial
interface ports on individual radios
• Store and Forward capability
• Supports a wide variety of modem speeds and bandwidths for regulatory compliance in virtually all regions of the world
• Ethernet & serial interfaces—ideal for migration to IP networks
• Dual serial functionality (RS-232 and RS-485)
• Over-the-air reprogramming of remote units—no unnecessary
trips to radio sites
• Licensed 5-watt design, maximizes communications range with
low interference risk from other users
• Configurable via software as a Remote or a Master unit
• Low power “sleep mode”—ideal for battery-powered solar sites
• Virtual Radio Channels (VRC) support multiple polling applications on one radio
NOTE: Some features may not be available on all units, depending on the
options purchased and regulatory constraints for the region in which
the radio will operate.
Media Access Control (MAC)
An important feature of the transceiver is Media Access Control (MAC).
The radio’s MAC is specifically designed for use with narrow bandwidth, half duplex radio networks such as those commonly used in
licensed telemetry systems. When the MAC is enabled, it provides efficient support of multiple data traffic models including multiple hosts,
synchronous and asynchronous polls, and report-by-exception (push
traffic). MAC ensures that every transceiver in the network has an equal
probability of gaining access to the radio channel when it has data to
send.
Coordination of
Channel Access
The main objective of the MAC is to coordinate channel access for all
radios in the network, preventing data “collisions” that can occur with
simultaneous transmissions from radios on the same RF channel. With
MAC operation a single radio is configured as an Access Point (AP) and
other units are designated as Remotes. The AP serves as the controller
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
of the RF network. Remotes request permission from the AP to use the
RF channel before sending payload data, thus avoiding collisions of
data, and creating a highly reliable wireless network. The MAC is
responsible for allocating which unit gets access to the broadcast
medium (the RF channel), when, and for how long.
Data Validation
Additionally, the MAC validates all messages and purges corrupted data
from the system. Successful delivery of data is ensured through the use
of retries and acknowledgements. Minimal overhead is used to accomplish these tasks, which translates to increased bandwidth efficiency of
the radio channel with minimal latency, ensuring that messages are
delivered in a timely manner.
VLAN Capability
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is essentially a limited broadcast domain, meaning that all members of a VLAN receive broadcast
frames sent by members of the same network, but not frames sent by
members of a different network.
The radio supports port-based VLAN at the Ethernet interface and over
the air, according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard. When VLAN Mode is
enabled, the wireless ports of both AP and Remote radios act as a “trunk
port” to carry data.
Terminal Server Capability
The unit’s Terminal Server option allows serial port data to be sent over
the air in the form of IP packets. It works by encapsulating data from the
serial (COM1/COM2) ports as IP packets, then transmitting it over the air.
At the receiving end, the data is decapsulated and delivered to the appropriate COM port. See “Terminal Server COM1/2 Configuration” on
Page 56 for more information.
Store and Forward Capability
Store and forward (SAF) capability is available in Packet w/MAC mode.
It allows a radio to store up incoming data, and retransmit it a short time
later to other stations. This can be used to link outlying remote stations
to the AP when direct communication is not possible due to terrain, distance, or other obstructions.
Communication routes are automatically discovered and traffic is intelligently filtered so that only store and forward traffic is sent through the
SAF unit, conserving critical bandwidth in your network.
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SD Series Technical Manual
2.3 SD Model Offerings
The radio is offered in three model types, using one hardware platform:
• Ethernet—All SD features and functionality
• Standard—All SD features, except over-the-air Ethernet data
• x710—Direct, drop-in compatibility for networks using a mix of
SD and older MDS x710 radios
Model Number
Codes
The unit’s complete model number is printed on the bottom label. Additional unit details are available through the Device Manager, described
later in this manual.
2.4 Operating Modes and Applicable Manuals
In addition to the model offerings above, the radio may be configured to
operate in any of the following modes:
Standard Modes
(Modes covered by
this manual)
• Packet Mode—Payload data from the radio’s serial and Ethernet
ports is assembled into packets and transmitted over the air.
Packet mode supports Ethernet Bridging, AES 128-bit encryption, and Virtual Radio Channels (VRC). This mode requires an
all-SD radio network.
• Packet w/MAC—This mode is similar to Packet Mode above,
but adds a Media Access Control (MAC) layer to the feature set.
The MAC provides robust collision avoidance, with an AP controlling which unit can access the communication channel, and
when, for maximum efficiency of the radio channel. This mode
supports push traffic, data retry, and store and forward operation.
This mode requires an all-SD radio network.
• Transparent Mode—This mode is over-the-air compatible with
MDS x710 transceivers, while supporting payload data encapsulated in IP at the Ethernet port. This mode is ideal for mixed networks containing SD and older MDS x710 radios. It allows
currently deployed x710 networks to add support for Ethernet
data at either the master or remote radios. Note that Ethernet
Bridging is not supported in this mode.
x710 Mode:
Different Manual
Required
• x710 Mode—This mode provides direct, drop-in compatibility
with MDS x710 (4710 or 9710) transceivers, and uses the same
core command set as these radios. It is designed for use in systems
containing a mix of newer SD radios and legacy MDS x710 units.
IMPORTANT: This manual does not cover x710 Mode operation. Refer instead to the following manuals for x710 instructions:
• Start-Up Guide (x710 Mode)— Part No. 05-4669A01
• Technical Manual (x710 Mode)—Part No. 05-4670A01
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Invisible place holder
Figure 3. SD Transceivers offer compatibility with older MDS x710
Transceivers (left), and may be used for replacement and/or
interoperability in these networks. A retrofit kit is available for
connector conversion (see Table 1).
2.5 Accessories and Spares
Table 1 lists common accessories and spare items for the transceiver.
GE MDS also offers an Accessories Selection Guide listing additional
items that may be used with the product. Visit www.gemds.com or contact
your factory representative to obtain a copy of the guide.
Table 1. Accessories & Spare Items
Accessory
Description
Part Number
Retrofit Kit, Digital
Contains adapters and connectors
needed to facilitate the replacement
of an existing MDS x710A/C/M
digital transceiver.
03-4696A01
Retrofit Kit, Analog
Contains adapters and connectors
needed to facilitate the replacement
of an existing MDS x710A/C/M
analog transceiver.
03-4697A01
DC Power Plug,
2-pin, polarized
Mates with power connector on radio
case. Screw terminals provided for
wires, threaded locking screws to
prevent accidental disconnect.
73-1194A53
Setup Guide
(for Packet and
Transparent Modes)
Describes the installation and setup
of the transceiver. A companion to
this Technical Manual.
05-4847A01
Flat Mounting
Bracket Kit
Brackets that attach to the bottom of
the unit. Used for mounting to a flat
mounting surface. Fits the mounting
footprint of MDS x710 transceivers.
03-4123A14
DIN Rail Mounting
Bracket Kit
Contains bracket for mounting the
transceiver to standard 35 mm DIN
rails commonly used in equipment
cabinets and panels.
03-4125A04
Protected Network Station
The transceiver is available in a protected network configuration, known
as the SDxP (Figure 4), where x denotes the particular model of SD
transceiver installed inside the chassis (i.e., SD1, 2, 4, 9, etc.).
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
The SDxP is a tabletop or rack-mount unit designed to hold two transceivers, two power supplies, and a switchover logic board that automatically selects between transceiver A or B as the active unit. Manual
selection may also be made using a front panel switch.
Invisible place holder
Figure 4. Protected Network Station
With two transceivers and two power supplies installed, the unit continues to communicate even if a failure occurs in one of the transceivers,
or its associated power supply. This capability is important in critical
applications where uninterrupted service is required. Refer to publication 05-4161A01 for detailed information on this product.
Dual Protected Configurations
Two dual transceiver configurations are offered for the SD Series. They
are known as the SDxDT and the SDxDP. These configurations are used
for the following purposes:
• When full duplex operation is desired using dedicated Transmit
and Receive transceivers.
• When a Master or Repeater site requires bandpass duplexers due
to the presence of co-located antennas.
• When streaming Repeater operation is desired using dedicated
Transmit and Receive transceivers
SDxDT
Configuration
The SDxDT uses the same chassis as the SDxP described above. However, one radio is configured with the transmit frequency and the other
for the receive frequency, with appropriate connections between them.
It also includes a bandpass duplexer tuned to a specific frequency for
simultaneous transmission and reception (full duplex) operation. Note
that the SDxDT provides one serial port and one Ethernet port for user
equipment.
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SDxDP
Configuration
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
The SDxDP is a protected, full duplex Master or Repeater site configuration. This consists of two SDxP chassis described earlier, with appropriate interconnect cabling between the units. The radios in one SDxP
are configured with the transmit frequency and the radios in the other are
configured with the receive frequency. The SDxDP also includes a
bandpass duplexer tuned to a specific frequency for simultaneous transmission and reception (full duplex) operation.
SD Series Technical Manual
3.0
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
This section describes common scenarios the transceiver may be used
in. A number of variations are possible; If you have unique requirements
not found here, it is recommended that you consult a support specialist
at GE MDS. Contact information is provided at the back of this manual.
3.1 Operating Parameters
The transceiver can operate in both poll-response and “push” communication/report-by-exception networks. In poll-response networks a central Master unit communicates with a number of Remote radios one at a
time. The Master exchanges data with the currently-connected Remote,
and when finished, it establishes a new connection with the next Remote
in the polling order. In push communication/Report by Exception networks, a Remote can also transmit if it has data to send, typically
prompted by a change in status conditions from connected data equipment.
The radio includes a number of parameters which may be set to suit the
requirements of a particular application. Table 2 provides a summary of
common applications, protocols, and radio modes used. Refer to the
table to determine what applications can be supported and the required
radio mode settings.
Table 2. Application Types vs. Key Radio Settings
Application
Protocol
(Example)
Recommended
Radio Mode
Polled Bridged Ethernet
MODBUS TCP
Packet w/MAC
May also use Packet mode and enable LBT
with Listen on RX.
Bridged Ethernet
IP(ICMP/TCP/UDP/
MODBUS TCP)
Packet w/MAC
May also use Packet mode and enable LBT
with Listen on RX.
Mixed Serial and Bridged
Ethernet
MODBUS RTU & IP
Packet w/MAC
May also use Packet mode with Multihost
feature enabled.
Report by Exception
Serial and/or IP
Packet w/MAC
Single Poll Multiple
Response
Serial and/or IP
Packet w/MAC
Two or more concurrent
serial polling applications
(COM2, COM1, and /or
IP Payload at master
DNP3 and Modbus
RTU
Packet w/MAC
May also use Packet mode with Multihost
feature enabled.
Single Port Serial Polling
with encryption (COM2 or
COM1)
Modbus RTU
Packet
AES On
Single Port Serial Polling
without encryption
(COM2, COM1, or IP
Payload at master)
Modbus RTU
Transparent
AES Off
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SD Series Technical Manual
Notes
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
3.2 Example Systems
The following sections describe common system arrangements for the
transceiver. Other variations are possible, and if you have questions
about a specific application not covered here, you may contact your factory representative using the information at the back of this guide. For
typical radio settings in these systems, refer to Table 2 on Page 10.
Multiple Address Systems (MAS)
This is a common application for the transceiver. It consists of a central
master unit and several associated remote units as shown in Figure 5. An
MAS network provides communication between a central host computer and remote terminal units (RTUs) or other data collection devices
in the field. Often, such a system is used to carry telemetry data to and
from widely separated remote radios.
Typical MAS applications may be for automatic, remote monitoring of
gas wells, water tank levels, electric power distribution systems, and
similar control and measurement functions.
Invisible place holder
REMOTE RADIO
RTU
RTU
REMOTE RADIO
RTU
REMOTE RADIO
RTU
MASTER STATION
REMOTE RADIO
OR: SDA-Augmented
Master Station
HOST SYSTEM
Figure 5. Typical MAS Point-to-Multipoint Network
Point-to-Point System
Where permitted, the transceiver may also be used in a point-to-point
arrangement. A point-to-point system consists of just two radios—one
Master and one Remote (see Figure 6). It provides a simplex (or
half-duplex) communications link for the transfer of data between two
locations.
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SD Series Technical Manual
11
Invisible place holder
HOST
COMPUTER
MASTER RADIO
REMOTE RADIO
RTU
Figure 6. Typical Point-to-Point Link
IP/Ethernet Polling and Terminal Server Operation
Modern data/control networks often employ IP/Ethernet connectivity
throughout the system. The transceiver is well suited to provide connectivity between such sites using its RJ-45 modular connector on the front
panel and enabling Ethernet Bridging capabilities. Figure 7 shows an
overview of such a system.
Note that the Remote radio on the right side of the illustration uses a
serial connection. The radio’s Terminal Server feature allows direct
IP/addressing of serial ports on selected radios. See “Terminal Server
COM1/2 Configuration” on Page 56 for more details.
Invisible place holder
MASTER UNIT
To Ethernet Port
Ethernet
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
Ethernet
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
Serial
Ethernet RTU
Serial RTU
(Terminal Server Connection)
Figure 7. IP/Ethernet Polling Example
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
This type of network can also be used for general Ethernet bridging as
supported by the over-the-air bandwidth of the system. Bridge filters in
the radio may be set to reduce Ethernet traffic over the RF channel, and
improve performance.
Port Sharing with Multiple Hosts
The transceiver allows for several external data networks to use the
same RF network without confusing the data streams. In such a system,
multiple host computers at the Master Unit poll their respective RTUs,
which may be alone or co-located at the Remote sites. Figure 8 shows
an example of such a system. In this case, two host computers (Host A
and Host B) are connected to the Master Unit via the applicable data
ports.
At the Remote sites, serial and Ethernet-based RTUs are employed, and
responding to a specific host computer. In the case of the Remote shown
on the lower right side of the figure, two RTUs are co-located, but
responding to different host computers and handling entirely different
data streams.
The radio eliminates the need for an external adapter or special external
configuration and handshaking when multiple host systems are connected to the network. The radio automatically controls access to the RF
channel by multiple hosts when Packet w/MAC is activated. Virtual
Radio Channels (VRCs) are used to separate serial data streams on
COM2, COM1, or IP payload ports. Packet With MAC operation provides Media Access Control. It is the recommended method of operation
for port sharing systems.
NOTE: An option exists to operate in Packet mode without MAC.
However, this Packet mode option should only be used for
systems that use legacy methods of collision avoidance
including Multihost and Listen Before Transmit (LBT). The
mode Packet with MAC provides superior performance and
better network reliability, collision avoidance and better
overall throughput. See corresponding sections of this manual
for more information on Packet mode options.
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
13
Device Settings Screen
Radio Mode: Packet w/MAC
MASTER RADIO
To Ethernet Port
HOST COMPUTER
(Host A)
HOST COMPUTER
(Host B)
Ethernet
Serial
HOST C
To COM2
Serial Port
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
Ethernet
Serial RTU Responding to
Host B
Co-located RTUs
Responding to
Different Hosts
Serial RTU Responding to
Host B
Ethernet RTU Responding to
Host A
Figure 8. Multihost Arrangement Using Packet w/MAC Mode
Push Communication (Report-by Exception)
Push Communication, sometimes referred to as Report-by-Exception
(RBE), differs from polled response in that a remote radio normally
transmits only when it has data to send. It does not depend on polling
from a master radio to initiate transmission. Some typical characteristics
of push communication systems are as follows:
• Remotes transmit asynchronously
• May contain large amounts of data
• Buffering and flow control are used
DNP3 and IEC 104 are examples of protocols that implement push communication. Note that both the serial and Ethernet versions of DNP3
support push communication.
IP Polling of Serial Remotes
The transceiver is ideal for use in systems employing a mix of serial and
Ethernet protocols. While many variations are possible, Figure 9 shows
a typical arrangement with an Ethernet host at the Master Unit that is
polling serial-based RTUs at Remote sites.
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
In this example, the Host Computer is connected directly to the radio’s
Ethernet port, and the RTUs at the Remote sites are connected to the
transceiver via the radio’s COM2 serial data ports. The IP Payload feature, used at the Master, efficiently passes TCP payload over the air, and
eliminates the need for an external terminal server. (COM1 may also be
used for payload data if properly configured via the menu system. See
next example.)
Invisible place holder
Ethernet Data Port Menu
MASTER RADIO
(TCP Client)
To Ethernet Port
HOST COMPUTER
(TCP Server)
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
MODBUS RTU
Protocol
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
To COM2
Serial Port
To COM2
Serial Port
MODBUS® SERIAL RTU
MODBUS® SERIAL RTU
Figure 9. IP Polling of Serial Remotes
Serial Remotes with Two Serial Ports
In some cases, it is necessary to poll more than one RTU at a Remote
site. Figure 10 shows an example of such a system. Here, two RTUs are
connected to each Remote transceiver, both using the radio’s serial
ports—COM1 and COM2.
By default, the radio’s COM1 port is configured for serial management
functions with a connected PC, but it may be configured for data service
using the menu system. This arrangement allows two telemetry networks to share a single radio system.
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
15
Packet w/MAC is the recommended method of operation when both
serial ports are used to pass payload data if there are two hosts (e.g., Port
Sharing with multiple host case). If there is a single host polling all units,
packet or transparent mode is the preferred option (depending on
whether encryption is required or not) even if there are two RTUs connected to a Remote radio.
Device Settings Screen
Radio Mode: Packet w/MAC
MASTER RADIO
To Ethernet Port
HOST COMPUTER
(Host A)
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
TCP Ethernet
REMOTE RADIO
(One of several possible sites)
SERIAL RTU
SERIAL RTU
SERIAL RTU
SERIAL RTU
Figure 10. Serial Remotes with Two Serial Ports
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
4.0
INSTALLATION PLANNING
This section covers pre-installation factors that should be considered when
installing the transceiver in the field. Careful planning will help achieve
optimal performance from the transceiver. After reviewing this section, refer
to the step-by-step installation procedures beginning on Page 26.
Figure 11 shows a typical station arrangement. The specific details at an installation site may vary, but there are three main requirements for installing the
transceiver in all cases:
• Adequate and stable primary power
• An efficient and properly installed antenna system
• Correct interface connections between the transceiver and the data
device.
ANTENNA SYSTEM
Master Stations typically use
omni-directional antenna
TRANSCEIVER
ET
HE
RN
ET
POWER SUPPLY
10–30 VDC @ 2.5A
Negative Ground Only
OR:
IA
SE
NE
DL
SS
FE
-L
DATA TELEMETRY DEVICE
OR HOST COMPUTER
Figure 11. Typical Station Arrangement (Remote shown)
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
17
4.1 Mounting Options
The transceiver is normally provided with flat mounting brackets
attached to the bottom of the radio as shown in Figure 12. An optional
35mm DIN rail mounting bracket is also available, and is described
below.
2.75˝ (7 cm)
Invisible place holder
6.675˝ (16.95 cm)
Figure 12. Mounting Bracket Dimensions
NOTE: To prevent moisture from entering the radio, do not mount the case
with the cable connectors pointing up. Also, dress all cables to
prevent moisture from running along the cables and into the radio.
Optional DIN Rail Mounting
The unit may be mounted with an optional 35 mm DIN Rail Mounting
Bracket Kit (Part No. 03-4125A04). Equipment cabinets and racks of
modern design often employ this type of mounting. Once the DIN
bracket is attached to the radio, it allows for quick installation and
removal of the radio from its mounting rail without the need for tools.
The DIN Rail bracket attaches to the unit’s case as shown in Figure 13.
The entire assembly then attaches to the mounting rail.
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Release Tab
Step 1: Attach the bracket using the
two screws provided. (Attach to
the end opposite the unit’s connectors.)
Step 2: Clip the assembly onto the
DIN Rail. Removal is performed by
pulling down on the Release Tab.
Figure 13. Attachment & Mounting of DIN Rail Bracket
(Unit shown is for example only, and is not an SD Transceiver.)
4.2 Antennas and Feedlines
Antennas
The transceiver may be used with a number of different antennas. The
exact style and gain factor depend on the physical size and layout of
your system. Connection is made to the radio via a TNC coaxial connector.
A directional Yagi (Figure 14) or corner reflector antenna is generally
used at remote sites to minimize interference to and from other users.
Antennas of this type are available from several manufacturers,
including GE MDS. Contact your factory representative for details.
Invisible place holder
Figure 14. Typical Yagi Antenna (mounted to mast)
Feedlines
The selection of an antenna feedline is very important. Poor quality
cable should be avoided as it will result in power losses that may reduce
the range and reliability of the radio system.
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SD Series Technical Manual
19
The three tables below show the approximate losses that will occur
when using various lengths and types of coaxial cable in the 200, 400
and 960 MHz bands, respectively. Regardless of the type used, the cable
should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal loss.
Table 3. Signal Loss in Coaxial Cables (at 200 MHz)
Cable Type
10 Feet
50 Feet
100 Feet
200 Feet
(3 Meters)
(15 Meters)
(30.5 Meters)
(61 Meters)
RG-8A/U
0.26dB
1.27 dB
2.5 dB
5.07 dB
1/2 inch HELIAX
0.06 dB
0.38 dB
0.76 dB
1.6 dB
7/8 inch HELIAX
0.04 dB
0.21 dB
0.42 dB
0.83 dB
1-1/4 inch HELIAX
0.03 dB
0.16 dB
0.31 dB
0.62 dB
1-5/8 inch HELIAX
0.025 dB
0.13 dB
0.26 dB
0.52 dB
Table 4. Signal Loss in Coaxial Cables (at 400 MHz)
Cable Type
10 Feet
50 Feet
100 Feet
200 Feet
(3 Meters)
(15 Meters)
(30.5 Meters)
(61 Meters)
RG-8A/U
0.51dB
2.53 dB
5.07 dB
10.14 dB
1/2 inch HELIAX
0.12 dB
0.76 dB
1.51 dB
3.02 dB
7/8 inch HELIAX
0.08 dB
0.42 dB
0.83 dB
1.66 dB
1-1/4 inch HELIAX
0.06 dB
0.31 dB
0.62 dB
1.24 dB
1-5/8 inch HELIAX
0.05 dB
0.26 dB
0.52 dB
1.04 dB
Table 5. Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables (at 900 MHz)
10 Feet
50 Feet
100 Feet
200 Feet
(3.05 Meters)
(15.24 Meters)
(30.48 Meters)
(61 Meters)
RG-8A/U
0.85 dB
4.27 dB
8.54 dB
17.08 dB
1/2 inch HELIAX
0.23 dB
1.15 dB
2.29 dB
4.58 dB
7/8 inch HELIAX
0.13 dB
0.64 dB
1.28 dB
2.56 dB
1-1/4 inch HELIAX
0.10 dB
0.48 dB
0.95 dB
1.90 dB
1-5/8 inch HELIAX
0.08 dB
0.40 dB
0.80 dB
1.60 dB
Cable Type
4.3 DC Power Connection
The transceiver may be operated from any well-filtered 10.0 to 30 Vdc
power source. The supply must be capable of providing at least 2.5
Amperes continuously.
NOTE: Early SD4 models supported 10.5 to 16 Vdc power, not 10 to
30 Vdc. Always check the labeling above the power connector
to confirm the operating range for your unit.
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
A power connector with screw terminals is provided with each unit (see
Figure 15). Strip the wire leads to 6 mm (1/4 inch) and insert in the wire
ports, tightening securely. Be sure to observe proper polarity as shown
in Figure 15.
Invisible place holder
Lead
Binding
Screws (2)
Wire Ports (2)
Retaining
Screws (2)
(Polarity: Left +, Right –)
Figure 15. DC Power Connector (P/N 73-1194A39)
NOTE: The radio is designed for use in negative ground systems only.
4.4 Grounding Considerations
To minimize the chance of damage to the transceiver and connected
equipment, a safety ground (NEC Class 2 compliant) is recommended
which bonds the antenna system, transceiver, power supply, and connected data equipment to a single-point ground, keeping all ground leads
as short as possible.
Normally, the transceiver is adequately grounded if the supplied flat
mounting brackets are used to mount the radio to a well-grounded metal
surface. If the transceiver is not mounted to a grounded surface, it is recommended that a safety ground wire be attached to one of the mounting
brackets or a screw on the transceiver’s case.
The use of a lightning protector is recommended where the antenna
cable enters the building; Bond the protector to the tower ground, if possible. All grounds and cabling must comply with applicable codes and
regulations.
4.5 Ethernet Data Interface (RJ-45)
The transceiver’s Ethernet Port is used to connect the unit to another
Ethernet device. The port has built-in MDIX (auto-sensing) capability,
allowing either a straight-through or crossover cable to be used.
Figure 16 and Table 6 show pinout data for the Ethernet port. The
Ethernet interface supports both radio management and payload data
transport functions.
For radio management, connecting via a web browser provides
enhanced functionality and ease-of-use over serial (COM1) methods or
Telnet. Web-based management is the preferred and primary means of
accessing the transceiver through the built-in Device Manager.
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SD Series Technical Manual
21
Telnet may also be used on this connector, and provides the same
menu-based user interface available via COM1. If you wish to use Telnet
for radio control, refer to the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement,
Part No. 05-6193A01.
Various options are available for passing Ethernet data on this connector, allowing system administrators to optimize the configuration for
maximum narrowband efficiency, based on the operating characteristics
of their system.
87654 321
Figure 16. Ethernet Port (RJ-45) Pinout
(As viewed from the outside of the unit)
Table 6. Ethernet Port (IP/Ethernet) Pinouts
Pin
Functions
Ref.
Transmit Data (TX)
High
Transmit Data (TX)
Low
Receive Data (RX)
High
Unused
Unused
Receive Data (RX)
Unused
Unused
Low
4.6 Serial Data Interfaces
COM1 and COM2 on the front panel serve as the serial interface ports for
radio management and payload data, respectively. The following sections identify the pin functions used on each interface. These ports are
user-configurable for specific applications. The procedures for changing
their default operation are provided later in this guide.
NOTE: Not all PCs have a serial port. If one is not available, a
USB-to-Serial adapter and appropriate driver software may be
used to provide serial connectivity. These adapters are available from several manufacturers, including GE MDS.
COM1 (Serial) Connection
The default factory settings for the radio’s COM1 port (Figure 17)
assigns it for management or diagnostics of the radio via a serial connection to a PC. COM1 may be used to set basic parameters such as output
power, modem type and operating frequency of the radio, using text
commands.
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
COM1 management provides an alternative to the web-based SD Device
Manager, accessible via the Ethernet RJ-45 port (see Page 21) when
Ethernet connectivity is not available. If you wish to use serial or Telnet
control, refer to the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No.
05-6193A01.
Figure 17. COM1 Connector (DB-9F)
As viewed from outside the unit
For typical applications, a straight-through DB-9 cable may be used for
PC management on COM1. If desired, a cable may be constructed as
shown in Figure 18, using Pins 2 (RXD), 3 (TXD), and 5 (Ground).
Table 7 lists all COM1 pins.
2 RXD
DB-9 MALE
(RADIO SIDE)
3 TXD
> RXD
5 GND
TXD 3
DB-9 FEMALE
(COMPUTER)
GND 5
Figure 18. COM1 Wiring for PC Management
Table 7. COM1 Pin Descriptions
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Pin
Number
Radio
Input/
Output
--
OUT
RXD (Received Data)—Supplies received data to the
connected device.
IN
TXD (Transmitted Data)—Accepts TX data from the
connected device.
--
No function
--
Ground—Connects to ground (negative supply potential) on
chassis.
--
No function
--
No function in most applications—User I/O for special
applications
---
No function
--
No function in most applications—User I/O for special
applications
Pin Description
No function
SD Series Technical Manual
23
COM2 (Data) Connections
Typically, the COM2 port (Figure 19) is used for connecting the radio to
an external DTE serial device supporting the RS-232 or RS-485 serial
data format. The radio supports serial data rates of 300, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bps (asynchronous only).
Pin Descriptions—
RS-232 and RS-485
Table 8 and Table 9 provide detailed pin descriptions for the COM2 data
port in RS-232 mode and RS-485 modes, respectively.
NOTE: In addition to RS-485 mode, the radio is capable of operating
in RS-422 mode. RS-485 must be selected in the menu, and the
pin descriptions/wiring arrangements shown in Table 9 apply.
Figure 19. COM2 Connector (DB-9F)
As viewed from outside the radio
NOTE: The radio is hard-wired as a DCE device.
Table 8. COM2 Pin Descriptions—Radio in RS-232 Mode
Pin
Radio
Number Input/
Output
24
Pin Description
OUT
DCD (Data Carrier Detect/Link)—A high indicates signal
received.
OUT
RXD (Received Data)—Supplies received data to the
connected device.
IN
TXD (Transmitted Data)—Accepts TX data from the
connected device.
IN
Sleep Mode Input—Grounding this pin places the radio in a
low power consumption mode.
--
Signal Ground—Connects to ground (negative supply
potential) on chassis.
OUT
IN
OUT
--
Alarm Output (DSR)—Behavior is user-configurable. Default
behavior: An RS-232 high/space (+5.0 Vdc) on this pin
indicates an alarm condition. An RS-232 low/mark (–5.0 Vdc)
indicates normal operation.
RTS (Request-to-Send)—Keys the transmitter.
CTS (Clear-to-Send)—Goes “high” after the programmed
CTS delay time has elapsed (DCE), or keys another
connected radio when RF data arrives (CTS KEY).
Reserved—User I/O for special applications
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Table 9. COM2 Pin Descriptions—Radio in RS-485 Mode
Pin
Number
Radio
Input/
Output
OUT
Carrier Detect/Link—A high indicates signal received.
OUT
TXD+/TXA (Received Data +)—Non-inverting driver output.
Supplies received payload data to the connected device.
IN
RXD+/RXA (Transmitted Data +)— (Transmitted Data +).
Non-inverting receiver input. Accepts payload data from the
connected device.
IN
Sleep Mode Input—Grounding this pin places the radio in a
low power consumption mode.
--
Ground—Connects to ground (negative supply potential) on
the radio’s PC board.
OUT
Alarm Output—Behavior is user-configurable. Default
behavior: A high on this pin indicates an alarm condition; a low
indicates normal operation.
IN
OUT
--
Pin Description
RXD-/RXB (Transmitted Data -)— Inverting receiver input
TXD-/TXB (Received Data -)—Inverting driver output.
Reserved—User I/O for special applications
COM2 PORT NOTES & WIRING ARRANGEMENTS:
•
•
•
•
RXD+ / RXA and RXD– / RXB are data sent into the radio to be transmitted out
RXD+ / RXA is positive with respect to RXD– / RXB when the line input is a “0”
TXD+ / TXA and TXD– / TXB are data received by the radio and sent out
TXD+ / TXA is positive with respect to the TXD– / TXB when the line output is a “0”
Invisible place holder
RXD –
RXD – 7
TXD +
TXD – 8
TXD –
RADIO
DATA CONNECTOR
RXD +
RXD + 3
EXTERNAL DEVICE
RADIO
DATA CONNECTOR
TXD + 2
TXD + 2
RXD + 3
RXD – 7
TXD – 8
EXTERNAL DEVICE
EIA-485 2-WIRE CONNECTIONS
EIA-422 4-WIRE CONNECTIONS
RXD+/TXD+
RXD–/TXD–
This jumpering must be provided by user.
Figure 20. RS-485 Wiring Arrangements
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25
5.0
STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLATION
In most cases, the steps given here are sufficient to install the transceiver. Refer to “INSTALLATION PLANNING” on Page 17 for additional details, as required.
1. Mount the transceiver. Attach the mounting brackets to the bottom
of the transceiver case (if not already done), using the four 6-32 x
1/4 inch (6 mm) screws supplied. Mounting bracket dimensions are
shown in Figure 12 on Page 18. Secure the brackets to a flat,
grounded surface. (If a grounded surface is not available, run a
separate ground wire to the transceiver—see “Grounding
Considerations” on Page 21.)
2. Install the antenna and feedline. The antenna used with the radio
must be designed to operate in the radio’s frequency band, and be
mounted in a location providing a clear path to the associated station(s). At Remote sites, aim directional antennas toward the master
unit. Low loss coaxial feedline should be used and it should be kept
as short as possible.
3. Connect the data equipment. Connection may be made using
IP/Ethernet signaling, Serial protocols (RS-232/RS-485), or both.
• If an Ethernet device is to be used, connect it to the front panel
ETHERNET port to the right of the PWR connector.
• If a serial device is to be used, connect it to COM2 on the front
panel. The radio is hardwired as a DCE device. A straight-through
cable may be used in most applications.
NOTE: Do not connect the radio’s Ethernet port to a LAN with high
traffic levels. Excessive traffic will overload the port and cause
it to be temporarily disabled. In general, traffic levels above 4
Mbps are likely to cause port shutdown. (Traffic limit is less
than 4 Mbps with packet sizes smaller than 64 bytes.)
4. Connect primary power. Input power must be within 10.0 to 30
Vdc and capable of providing at least 2.5 Amperes. (Note that some
older SD4 radios only allow a 10.5 to 16 Vdc range. Always verify
the voltage range by checking the label above the power input
socket.)
A power connector with screw-terminals is provided with the unit
(see Figure 15 on Page 21). Strip the wire leads to 1/4 inch (6 mm)
and insert them into the wire ports. Be sure to observe proper
polarity. Tighten the binding screws securely.
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SD Series Technical Manual
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CAUTION
POSSIBLE
EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE
The unit is designed for use with negative-ground systems only. The power supply should be equipped with
overload protection (NEC Class 2 rating), to protect
against a short circuit between its output terminals
and the radio’s power connector.
5. Configure Basic Settings. Connect a PC to the radio’s Ethernet
connector. Access the radio’s Device Manager through the PC’s
browser. On a factory default radio, the Device Manager automatically starts the Basic Setup Wizard. The wizard steps you through
the essential radio settings in streamlined fashion. Detailed steps for
starting configuration of the radio are presented in Section 5.1
below.
5.1 Initial Configuration
This section describes setup of the radio for its first on-air operation. A
full description of operating settings is given in Section 6.0 on Page 34.
Web-Based Management
The Device Manager is the recommended method for user management.
It is a built-in software tool that works with your PC’s browser to provide an intuitive, web-style presentation of all radio information, settings, and diagnostics.
The Device Manager also contains a “wizard” function to assist in setting up a radio with a minimum of user actions. Web management uses
the radio’s ETHERNET RJ-45 connector. See “Web Browser Connection” on Page 28 for details.
NOTE: Web access must be enabled via the Device Security Screen
before using this feature. This is the default setting on a factory
supplied radio. If changes are needed, check/activate by
logging into the Device Security Screen. See your Network
Administrator for further assistance.
Alternative Management Methods
The following methods are for use where web-based management is not
available:
• Serial—(COM1 DB9 connector). This is the “console terminal”
method of control commonly used on earlier GE MDS radios.
• Telnet—(ETHERNET RJ-45 connector). Telnet offers essentially
the same capabilities as Serial control, but may be performed
either through a local connection, or over a network.
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SD Series Technical Manual
27
For more information on alternative management methods, refer to the
SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01, available from the GE MDS website at www.gemds.com.
Web Browser Connection
Requirements
The remainder of this section describes connection and use of the radio’s
built-in Device Manager. To connect to the radio and manage it via the
Device Manager, you will need the following:
• A PC with a web browser program installed.
• An Ethernet cable connected between the PC and the radio as
shown in Figure 21. (Alternatively, a network connection may be
used, as long as the radio can be reached via its IP address.)
• The radio’s IP address. Check with your Network Administrator,
or determine the address via a serial/console connection (see
Starting Information Screen). The default address for a factory
supplied radio is 192.168.1.1.
• The user name and password for the radio. Check with your Network Administrator, or, if a username and password have not
been set, use the factory defaults of admin for both entries. (For
security, a new password should be established as soon as possible after login.)
Invisible place holder
Transceiver
PC Running Web Browser
RJ-45 to Ethernet Port
Figure 21. PC Connection to Radio for Web Management
Logging On
1. Connect the radio to a PC via an Ethernet connection.
2. Configure your PC network settings to an IP address on the same
subnet as the radio. The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
3. Enter the radio’s IP address in a web browser window, just as you
would enter a website address. When the login screen appears
(Figure 1), enter the User Name and Password for the radio. The
default entries for a new radio are both admin. Click OK.
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MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Invisible place holder
Figure 1. Login Screen
Using the Basic
Setup Wizard
4. The Basic Setup Wizard (Figure 22) begins automatically upon connection to a new factory shipped radio. It may also be started manually by selecting Setup Wizards>>Basic Setup, and then clicking Start.
The Wizard displays a series of screens with key selections as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TX/RX Frequencies
RF Output Power
Radio Mode
Modem Type
Com 2 Port Baud Rate
Bridge Mode
Encryption Mode
Device Type
NOTE:
TX and RX frequencies may not be set when the radio is
shipped from the factory, depending on ordering options. If no
frequencies have been set, an alarm condition is generated and
the PWR LED flashes. These will be cleared after the frequencies are set. In all cases, users must verify that the frequencies
are properly set according to the station license.
NOTE:
Operation on exact multiples of 25 MHz is not supported by
the SD4 transceiver (i.e., 400, 425, 450, 475, and 500 MHz).
Continue through each wizard screen until all selections have been
made. (You may back up to previous screens if required, to review or
change settings.) If you are unsure about a required setting, contact
your Network Administrator for assistance.
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SD Series Technical Manual
29
Invisible place holder
Figure 22. Basic Setup Wizard
5. At the conclusion of the wizard, click Done. Configuration is now
complete for the connected radio. Log out of the Device Manager by
clicking Logout in the upper right hand side of the screen. If desired,
you may proceed with the additional functions described below.
Using the Remote
Management Wizard
To program the key settings of other radios installed in the wireless network, select Setup Wizards>>Remote Management, and follow the prompts
contained in that tool. At the conclusion of the wizard, click Commit Configuration, followed by Done. Remote configuration is now complete.
Getting an Overview
of Radio Settings
To get a top-level view of the key settings and operating parameters for
the radio, select Overview and a summary screen will be displayed. When
finished, log out of the Device Manager by clicking Logout in the upper
right hand side of the screen.
5.2 Initial Startup & Checkout
In-service operation of the transceiver is completely automatic. Once
the unit has been properly installed and configured as described above,
operator actions are limited to observing the front panel LED indicators
for proper operation.
If all parameters are correctly set, operation of the radio can be started
by following these steps:
1. Apply DC power. Unit must be powered on
2. Observe the LED status panel for proper indications (Table 10).
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SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
3. If not done earlier, refine the antenna heading of the station to maximize the received signal strength (RSSI) from the Master Unit. The
Maintenance & Status>>Performance screen may be used to observe
RSSI. Turn the antenna heading slowly so that the RSSI display can
be updated.
NOTE: The RSSI facility limits the maximum displayed signal
strength to –60 dBm.
Invisible place holder
Table 10. LED Status Indicators
LED Name
Description
PWR
• Continuous—Power applied, no problems detected.
• Rapid flash (5 times-per-second)—Alarm indication, or
RX/TX frequencies not set.
LAN
• Flashing—Data is being transmitted and received.
• Off—Ethernet signals not detected
DATA 1/DATA2
These LEDs show data activity on the DB-9 serial payload
ports (COM1/COM2).
LINK
When lit, indicates that a communication link exists with the
Master Unit.
Ethernet Connector LEDs
The 10/100 Base-T Ethernet connector has two embedded LEDs. A
flashing green indicator shows data activity, and a yellow indicates 100
Mbps operation has been achieved.
5.3 Optimizing the Radio Network
With basic configuration complete, there are several additional settings
that can be made to optimize the radio system. The settings below
should be reviewed and changed as necessary to suit your particular
application.
Modem Type Setting
All radios in the network must be set to the same modem type and speed.
A range of values is available. The default setting is 9600. This setting
may be set/viewed using the Configuration>>Radio>>Basic Settings screen.
See Page 41 for details.
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SD Series Technical Manual
31
In general, the higher the modem baud rate, the faster the communication speed over the air. However, it must be remembered that signal
strength also plays a role in how fast a transmission may be sent. If signals are strong, faster speeds are possible. If signals are fair or poor,
slower speeds may be needed to achieve the best communication results
with the least number of re-transmissions due to errors.
Inter-Packet Gap Settings
For radios operating in Packet Mode, the inter-packet gap is a timing setting used to delimit a packet on the serial interface. Too short of a time
can cause serial streams to be combined into one large packet instead of
two smaller ones. Too long of a time can slow down the communications channel.
Inter-Packet Gap Settings for COM1 and COM2 are made using the Conscreen in the Packet Settings screen. See Page 44 for
details.
figuration>>Radio
Baud Rate Setting
The higher the baud rate, the faster the communication speed of the
serial link connected to the COM port. However, this setting has no direct
effect on over-the-air transmission speed.
The modem baud rate is set using the Configuration>>Communication
See Page 62 for details.
Ports>>COM1/2 Port Settings window.
NOTE: Baud rate settings that are matched or higher than the modem
speed should be used in all cases.
Ethernet Settings
The local Ethernet connection must be configured to conform to the
needs of the local Ethernet network. The Configuration>>Communication
Ports>>IP Configuration screen is used to set/view these settings. Here are
some general points that apply to Ethernet settings:
• The radio's Ethernet settings must be configured in order to communicate over the LAN to which it is connected.
• It must be known whether or not a DHCP server is active in a network to make use of the radio’s DHCP setting.
• If DHCP is available, it can be enabled. Once enabled, it can take
a few minutes before the radio obtains an IP address, which will
be displayed in the Current IP Address field.
• If DHCP operation is unavailable (or is not desired), then a static
IP address may be manually set. IP network setup is beyond the
scope of this manual. Consult your network administrator.
• As a quick reference, a typical LAN setup might appear as follows:
Static IP Address
32
192.168.1.101
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Static IP Netmask
255.255.255.0
Static Default Gateway 192.168.1.1
DHCP
Disabled
See Page 64 for more information on Ethernet settings.
Antenna SWR Check
Before placing the radio into final service, a check should be made of
the antenna system’s standing wave ratio (SWR). Use a directional wattmeter suited to the frequency of operation for this check. High SWR
(above 2:1) may indicate an antenna, connector, or feedline problem,
and should be corrected.
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SD Series Technical Manual
33
6.0
USING THE DEVICE MANAGER
The radio contains a built-in management system known as a Device
Manager. This web-based tool is accessed with a PC connected to the
radio’s Ethernet port as shown in Figure 23. It offers an intuitive method
for managing your radio and performing common maintenance tasks.
NOTE: The Device Manager is the preferred method for managing the
transceiver. Menu-based Serial or Telnet management is also
possible. Refer to the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01 for details.
If you are using the Device Manager for the first time, refer to “Web
Browser Connection” on Page 28 for instructions on connecting a PC to
the radio and logging into the Device Manager for basic radio setup,
including use of the Setup Wizards.
Transceiver
PC Running Web Browser
RJ-45 to Ethernet Port
Figure 23. PC Connection to Radio for Web Management
6.1 Navigating the Screens
Upon login into the Device Manager, the Overview screen appears as
shown in Figure 24. The selection pane at the left side of this screen provides access to any of the available screens. Simply click an item of
interest, and the new screen appears. Sub-level screens are displayed
under the main heading, and may be clicked to open them.
With a desired screen displayed, simply scroll up or down to reach a
required setting or indication. Drop-down boxes or blank fields are provided for entering new information. Once a new parameter is entered,
click Commit Configuration on the right-hand side of the screen to apply
the setting, or select Undo to cancel it.
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MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Invisible place holder
Figure 24. Overview Summary Screen
Overview Screen
The Overview screen (Figure 24) provides a read-only view of all key
settings and operating conditions for the radio. The Health & Maintenance
Summary, in particular, can help you quickly spot changes in operating
conditions. By becoming familiar with expected readings, you can identify parameters that are outside their normal ranges, and take corrective
action.
Printout Option
Clicking the Printer friendly configuration label at the bottom of the screen
brings up a print-ready report that includes not only the Overview
screen, but all settable items and indications. Printing this report and
keeping it with the manual provides a convenient way of reviewing the
settings for a particular unit at any point in the future.
Logging Out
To exit the Device Manager, click Logout in the upper right hand side of
any screen. The session is terminated.
NOTE: To maintain security, it is best to log-out of the Device
Manager as soon as you are done working with it. If you do not
log out, the session automatically ends after 10 minutes of
inactivity.
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SD Series Technical Manual
35
6.2 Management Tasks
Table 11 shows a listing of commonly-needed tasks and the appropriate
sections of the Device Manager to refer to. The table can be used as a
quick reference before consulting the more detailed screen information
which follows in this section.
Table 11. Device Manager Quick Reference
View Overall
Status & Performance
Information
Task
Category
If you wish to...
Refer to this Screen/Section
View top-level unit information (Owner
Name/Message, Unit Number, IP Address,
Serial No., Firmware version, Run time, Alarm
presence, etc.)
Overview, Page 35
View Radio Performance data (Power Output,
Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Received Signal
Strength, DC Input voltage, operating
temperature)
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Performance,
Page 70
View Serial No., Model 1 (software), Model 2
(hardware) version, Firmware Version, Build
Date
Overview>>
SD Summary, Page 35
View Bootloader version information, Active
Firmware Image, Firmware Version level
Maintenance & Status>>
Firmware Utilities>>
Version Information,
Page 76
View Alarm/Event information, I/O Statistics,
Ethernet Statistics
Or: Overview>>
Health & Maintenance
Summary (shows uptime),
Page 35
Maintenance & Status>>
Alarm Summary, Page 68
Maintenance & Status>>
Performance, Page 70
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MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Table 11. Device Manager Quick Reference (Continued)
View/Set Radio (RF) Operating Parameters
Task
Category
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
If you wish to...
Refer to this Screen/Section
Set RF Output Power, Modem Type, RX/TX
Frequency
Configuration>>Radio,
Basic Settings, Page 41
View/Set Soft-Carrier Dekey status, RX/TX
Time-Out options
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Advanced Settings, Page 48
View/Set Data-Key and RTS-Key settings
(ON/OFF)
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Advanced Settings, Page 48
View/Set Push-to-Talk/Clear-to-Send Delay
times (ms)
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Advanced Settings, Page 48
View/Set Automatic Frequency Correction
(AFC) setting
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Advanced Settings, Page 48
View/Set Switched Carrier ON/OFF setting (B
Modems)
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Advanced Settings, Page 48
Configure Listen-Before-Transmit (LBT)
collision avoidance
Configuration>>
Features>>
LBT Settings, Page 51
View Received Signal Strength (RSSI) level
Maintenance & Status>>
Performance, Page 70
Key the radio transmitter, view power output
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test>>
RF Keying Test, Page 74
View local radio emissions to locate possible
interference sources.
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test>>
Spectrum Graph, Page 74
SD Series Technical Manual
37
Table 11. Device Manager Quick Reference (Continued)
Security Settings
View/Set Device Configuration
Task
Category
Refer to this Screen/Section
View Serial No., Model 1 (software), Model 2
(hardware) version, Firmware Version, Build
Date
Overview>>
SD Summary, Page 35
Set Owner Name/Message, enable/disable
Sleep Mode, set COM LED mode, Radio Mode
Configuration>>
Radio>>Device Settings,
Page 43
Configure time delays to identify packets on
serial ports
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Packet Settings, Page 44
Configure Media Access Control (MAC) settings
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Media Access Control>>
Settings, Page 44
Configure Store and Forward (SAF)
Configuration>>Radio>>
Media Access
Control>>Page 44
Configure Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Configuration>>Features>>
VLAN Config., Page 50
Configure Terminal Server 1/2
Configuration>>Features>>
Term Srvr COM1/2 Config.,
Page 56
Configure Unit ID and/or DLINK diagnostics
settings
Configuration>>
Radio>>
Diagnostic Settings,
Page 47
Set Password for radio
Configuration>>
Security>>
Login Password, Page 66
Set Device Security (enable/disable local login
requirement, enable/disable Telnet access)
Configuration>>
Security>>
Device Security, Page 65
Set Wireless Security parameters (Encryption
on/off, DLINK Security on/off, Encryption
Phrase)
Configuration>>
Security>>
Wireless Security, Page 66
Configuration>>
Security>>
Encryption Phrase, Page 67
IP Payload
Configuration
38
If you wish to...
Configure the IP settings (Static IP Address,
Static IP Netmask, Static Default Gateway,
DHCP enable/disable, Virtual Radio
Channels–VRCs)
Configuration>>
Communication Ports>>
IP Configuration, Page 64
Configure Ethernet Bridging
Configuration>>
Features>>
Bridge Configuration,
Page 50
Configure the IP Payload settings
(Enable/disable port, set mode, Local IP Port,
Destination IP Address, Destination IP Port,
TCP Keepalive time)
Configuration>>
Features>>IP Payload 1, 2,
3, Page 53
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Table 11. Device Manager Quick Reference (Continued)
Transceiver Maintenance and Diagnostic Tests
Serial Port
Configuration
Task
Category
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
If you wish to...
Refer to this Screen/Section
Configure COM1 settings (Startup mode, Data
Baud Rate, Data format, Virtual Radio
Channels–VRCs)
Configuration>>
Communication Ports>>
COM1 Port Settings,
Page 62
Configure COM2 settings (Mode, Baud Rate,
Format, Buffer on/off, Device Type, Virtual
Radio Channels–VRCs)
Configuration>>
Communication Ports>>
COM2 Port Settings,
Page 63
View Radio Performance data (Power Output,
Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Received Signal
Strength, DC Input voltage, operating
temperature)
Maintenance & Status>>
Performance>>
Radio Performance, Page
70
Perform radio tests (Radio Keying, show
Spectrum Graph, run RTU Simulator)
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test, Page 72
View Bootloader version information, Active
Firmware Image, Firmware Version level
Maintenance & Status>>
Firmware Utilities>>Version
Information, Page 76
Locally Reprogram the Transceiver via TFTP
transfer
Maintenance & Status>>
Firmware Utilities>>TFTP
Reprogramming, Page 77
Broadcast Remote Configuration settings to all
radios in the network
Setup Wizards>>Remote
Management, Page 30
Work with Configuration Files...
Maintenance & Status>>
Configuration Files,
Page 80
–Restore Factory default configuration
–Save/restore user configuration
–View/restore key configuration parameters
–Save/load key configuration parameters
using file transfer (TFTP)
Start radio network reprogramming (and monitor
progress)
Maintenance & Status>>
Firmware Utilities>>
Remote Reprogramming,
Page 78
Perform Ethernet PING to local Ethernet host
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test>>Ping Test,
Page 74
Test communications to specific Remote radio
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test>>Link Test,
Page 73
Enter a Factory Authorization code, or view
currently enabled features
Maintenance & Status>>
Firmware Utilities>>
Authorization Codes,
Page 80
View active Alarms/Events
Maintenance & Status>>
Alarm Summary, Page 68
SD Series Technical Manual
39
Table 11. Device Manager Quick Reference (Continued)
Transceiver Maintenance
and Diagnostic Tests (Cont’d)
Task
Category
If you wish to...
Refer to this Screen/Section
View logged Events
Maintenance & Status>>
Event Log, Page 68
Set alarm signal output (active high/low)
Maintenance & Status>>
Alarm Summary>>
Alarm Signal Configuration,
Page 69
Conduct an Alarm Test
Maintenance & Status>>
Radio Test>>
Alarm Test, Page 75
View I/O Statistics for COM1, COM2, Ethernet
Port, Remote Programming, Ethernet Interface,
Data Link Layer, and MAC.
Maintenance & Status>>
Performance>>
I/O Statistics, Page 71, and
Ethernet Statistics, Page 71
View MAC Routes
Maintenance & Status>>
Performance>>
MAC Routes, Page 72
The remainder of this section covers the screens for Configuration,
Maintenance, and Status of the transceiver. The emphasis is on available
selections, how to access them, and their effect on radio operation. If
you are unsure of the setting required for a particular radio in your network, consult your Network Administrator for assistance.
NOTE: The Device Manager screens shown in this manual were
obtained from a radio operating in a lab environment and are
provided as examples only. Not all content will be legible in
these reduced size examples. Also, the parameters and settings
shown may differ from those seen in field service conditions.
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MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
6.3 Configuration Screens
The Configuration screen (Figure 25) contains a number of key settings
for the radio, including RF parameters, modem selection, packet settings, MAC parameters, and several advanced settings. Individual
screens may be selected beneath Configuration on the left side of the
screen.
Figure 25. Configuration Screen
(Portion of screen shown—scroll for additional selections)
Radio
Basic Settings
The Basic Settings screen contains important RF and modem selections
for radio operation, as discussed below.
•
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
RF Output Power (dBm)—The RF output power may be set between
20 and 37 dBm (0.1 to 5 watts) in 1 dB increments. The default
setting is 37 dBm. Full power is not required in many cases, and
lower settings will place less demand on the DC power supply
and reduce the chance of interference with other stations. Only
the power necessary to carry out reliable communications should
be used.
SD Series Technical Manual
41
•
Modem Type—This setting determines the over-the-air data speed
and bandwidth of the radio’s transmitted signal. All radios in the
network must use the same modem setting to communicate with
each other. The default setting is Modem 9600, but it may be set to
any of the selections shown in Table 12. The table also lists
modem sensitivity ratings for the various modems. Note that
some modem choices are limited based on the model purchased.
Table 12. Modem Selection vs. Speed, Bandwidth & Sensitivity
Over-the-air
Speed (bps)
Modem Type
Selection
B/W (kHz)
Approximate
Sensitivity5
Modem 96001
9600
12.5
-112 dBm
Modem 48001, 2
4800
12.5
-112 dBm
Modem 32001, 3
3200
5.00
-108 dBm
Modem 9600M1, 2
9600
12.5
-106 dBm
Modem 4800F
4800
6.25
-108 dBm
Modem 9600B1
9600
12.5
-106 dBm
Modem 4800B1
4800
12.5
-110 dBm
Modem BELL1
1200
12.5
-110 dBm
Modem V23
1200
12.5
-110 dBm
19200
12.5
-100 dBm
Modem 19200E
19200
12.5
-96 dBm
Modem 9600N
9600
6.25
-98 dBm
Modem 19200
19200
25.0
-105 dBm
Modem 38400N
38400
25.0
-99 dBm
Modem 650004
65000
50.0
-102 dBm
Modem 19200N
1) For MDS x710-compatible operation.
2) For ETSI compliance.
3) 3200 bps not applicable to SD4.
4) Only available for SD2 and SD9 units with wide bandwidth hardware option.
Sensitivity is -104 dBm for SD2 and -100 dBm for SD9.
5) SD1 sensitivity may be up to 2 dB less, due to MDS 1710 interoperability
constraints.
•
42
Transmit/Receive Frequency—The receive and transmit frequencies
may be viewed or set here. If no frequencies have been entered,
the fields will be blank and the radio’s PWR LED will flash, indicating that an entry is needed. Frequencies must be entered for the
radio to operate. Consult your station license to determine the
authorized frequencies for your system, and enter them exactly as
listed.
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Device Settings
•
Owner Name/Owner Message—An owner name and message may
be entered for the radio for informational purposes. These are
“free-form” fields which do not affect the operation of the radio
in any way. Such fields might be used to identify the network
administrator/company name, and include a site-specific message
(i.e., Unit 2 at North Tower site). Up to 30 alpha-numeric characters
may be entered (there is no minimum), and any printable characters may be used.
• Enable Sleep—Sleep Mode places the transceiver into a “hibernated” low power state, with a nominal current draw of less than
10 mA (at 13 Vdc). “Wake-up” time is approximately 50 milliseconds. Sleep Mode is often used at battery/solar-powered
remote sites to conserve power. An active low on Pin 4 of the
COM2 port is what actually puts the radio to sleep. This signal
must be supplied by the equipment connected to the radio (i.e.,
RTU, PLC, etc.). Sleep mode is not intended for use on master
radios.
• COM LED Mode—The behavior of the radio’s COM/DATA LEDs
may be configured using this box. By default, the LEDs show
dual port activity (Auto). Four LED modes may be selected as
summarized in Table 13.
Table 13. COM/DATA LED Modes vs. Behavior
Serial COM/DATA LED Behavior
LED Mode Selection
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
LED1 Function
LED2 Function
x710
Monitors TXD on COM2
port
Monitors RXD on COM2
port
COM1 Activity
Monitors any COM1 RX or
TX activity
OFF
COM2 Activity
OFF
Monitors any COM2 RX or
TX activity
Dual Port Activity
(Auto Default)
Monitors any COM1 RX or
TX activity
Monitors any COM2 RX or
TX activity
SD Series Technical Manual
43
•
Radio Mode—The radio can operate in one of several modes. The
available selections are:
•Packet
•Packet w/MAC
•x710 (not covered by this manual; See pub. 05-4670A01)
•Transparent
• User Interface—This parameter selects the method of radio management for the Serial/Telnet interface. It has no effect on the web
interface. The default selection is Menu. Alternatively, you may
select CLI, which switches the radio to a Command Line Interface.
With this interface, commands are entered in text-based fashion,
as described in the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement,
Part No. 05-6193A01.
Packet Settings
•
COM1/COM2 Port Inter-Packet Gap—Timing setting used to delimit a
packet on the serial interface for radios operating in Packet Mode.
Too short of a time can cause serial streams to be combined into
one large packet instead of two smaller ones. Too long of a time
can effectively slow down the communications channel. The
Inter-Packet Gap is specified by the number of character times
(the time it takes to send an individual character).
• Transparent RX Timeout (ms)—This setting is similar to the timing
parameters for COM1/COM2 Inter-Packet Gap, but it applies to data
received over-the-air. It tells the radio how to build an Ethernet
packet based on a transparent data stream received over the radio
channel.
Media Access
Control
(AP menu shown)
•
44
Device Type—Selects Access Point, Remote, or Store and Forward. An
Access Point serves as the Controller of the RF network. Only
one radio is configured as an AP. Typically this is the “polling
master.” A Remote is connected to end devices in the field (e.g.
PLC, RTU), and there can be any number of these in a network.
Each Remote must have a unique Unit Address, however, which
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
•
•
•
•
is set on the Diagnostic Settings screen (see “Diagnostic Settings”
on Page 47). A Store and Forward device is a radio designated
to retransmit data to/from an outlying Remote (see SAF Network,
below).
SAF Network—(AP Only) Selects whether or not a Store and Forward radio is present in the network (True), or not (False). Store
and Forward allows extending the coverage area of a network
beyond the primary “footprint” of the system. This can be used to
link outlying Remotes (or Remotes blocked by terrain or other
obstructions) into the network. A detailed discussion on using
Store and Forward is provided below.
Repeater Network—(AP Only) This setting must be enabled if the
RF network contains a repeater station, or communications will
not work. Remotes automatically learn this setting from the AP.
Retry Count—If a message is not acknowledged after transmission
it will be resent. This value controls how many times the radio
attempts to resend the message before discarding it.
Time-to-Live (s)—When a message arrives from the payload interface(s) it is time-stamped and queued for radio transmission. If
the radio cannot transmit the message before the Time-to-Live
(TTL) value, the message is discarded. This helps prevent stale or
old data from being sent over the air.
Store and Forward Operation
Store and Forward (SAF) operation extends a wireless network’s coverage area by electing a device or devices to store data and forward it to
a unit (or units) beyond the reach of the primary coverage area. Conventional RF repeaters receive and transmit data simultaneously. They are
effective at increasing range with low latency, but they are more expensive, have high power consumption, and require more complex installation. SAF-designated units act as smart single radio packet repeaters.
The SAF feature provides a simple, low cost alternative to range extension when a traditional repeater isn’t desired.
Figure 26 depicts a typical single unit SAF network. This network supports a single SAF hop. Chained SAF hops are not allowed. However,
multiple SAF radios are supported provided their RF coverage areas do
not overlap, as this would create radio interference and severely reduce
throughput. SAF will work in conjunction with repeater assemblies to
provide even more extended range.
NOTE: Remote radios being served by a Store-and-Forward unit must
have their TX/RX frequencies set to match those of the
AP/Master station. This allows communication with the SAF
radio, which uses standard Remote TX/RX frequencies.
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
SD Series Technical Manual
45
Invisible place holder
Figure 26. Store and Forward System Example
Store and Forward is available in Packet w/MAC mode and supports all
MAC features including collision avoidance, retries, and acknowledgements. Furthermore, all major radio features are supported in SAF networks such as diagnostics, over the air programming, bridging, VRCs,
etc.
Dual Duty of SAF Remotes: Since an SAF device doubles as a Remote
radio it may participate in direct exchanges with the Master/AP. By
design, an SAF device is always within the primary coverage area and
has direct communication to the AP. Therefore, all SAF devices act as
both a standard Remote for direct exchanges, as well as an SAF unit for
Store and Forward exchanges. An SAF exchange is defined as any
exchange between the AP and a Remote through an SAF device. In all
cases, the AP still controls the operation of the network.
After sending an SAF data frame, the AP remains idle until the frame
has been delivered to the Remote, at which time it will return to direct
or SAF operation, depending on the message type (unicast or broadcast).
Direct vs. SAF Traffic: Depending on network topology, it is possible
for some Remotes to hear both direct polls from the AP and SAF messages from an SAF-designated Remote. It is more desirable to use the
direct traffic to avoid the latency of going through the SAF link, and the
radio’s firmware handles this situation automatically. SAF frames are
ignored when the direct path is available. The system is dynamic; if the
direct path becomes unavailable for any reason, it quickly switches to
the SAF path to provide continued operation.
Traffic Routing: Typically, network radios are immobile, but fading
may cause paths to come and go. Because of this, the AP device implements routing to each Remote device. This ensures that only SAF traffic
passes through SAF Remotes. Direct traffic is terminated at the local
coverage area, keeping efficiency high. The transceiver achieves these
steps automatically, and does not require user input. The following is an
explanation of how this routing scheme is achieved.
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Initially, all Remote device routes are unknown. The AP assumes that
all undiscovered Remotes can potentially be on the SAF link. Once a
Remote attempts to communicate upstream to the AP, the AP is aware
of the Remote's path based on the exchange type, direct or SAF. The AP
stores this information in a database linked to the Remote's address.
Future exchanges with the Remote initiated by the AP will reference this
database and the AP chooses the most recent exchange type.
Upstream, the Remote can freely choose the best exchange type based
on what is available at the time. The AP continuously updates the
routing database on each exchange to a Remote. If a Remote has not
been heard from within a certain time frame, the route is reset to initial
conditions so that the route may be “relearned.” This does not cause any
additional delay and is implemented only as a safeguard. This allows for
highly efficient and adaptable routing to each Remote device without
the overhead of a routing protocol, and saves critical bandwidth.
Diagnostic Settings
•
•
•
•
•
•
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Unit #—This parameter identifies the radio in the wireless network
with a specific ID during diagnostic sessions.
Dlink Type—This setting identifies the radio as either a Node, Root,
Repeater, Peer, or Gate. Each of these are operating modes of the
transceiver with respect to diagnostic/management activities.
(See “Performing Network-Wide Remote Diagnostics” on
Page 89 for details.)
Dlink Status—This item is used to enable or disable diagnostics
functionality. Setting it to ON configures the radio to pass the
diagnostic link protocol (DLINK) over the radio’s COM1 management port.
Dlink Baud Rate—This setting determines the COM1 serial data
diagnostics communication rate in bits-per-second (bps).
Dlink TCP Access—This setting enables DLINK over Ethernet via
TCP. This allows an external NMS to manage the radio without
the need to dedicate a serial port for this function.
Dlink TCP Port—This setting specifies the TCP port for DLINK
communication. The address for Ethernet-based DLINK communication is given by the radio's IP address (from the general settings screen) and the port number specified here.
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Advanced Settings
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soft-Carrier Dekey (ms)—Specifies
how long (in ms) to wait after
the removal of the keying signal before actually dropping the
transmitter’s carrier. The default setting is 0, but it may be set to
any value up to 255 ms. In most cases, no change is required from
the default setting. A possible exception is when the transceiver
is inter-working with certain early-generation MDS radio equipment.
RX Time-Out Enable—Enables or disables the RX time-out function. RX time-out protects against a receiver which fails to
receive data for a period exceeding the RX time-out delay setting
(see below). When the time is exceeded, an alarm is issued. The
alarm may be used to signal switchover to an alternate unit in
redundant systems. The RX time-out is cleared when the radio
receives a new Carrier Detect signal. The default selection is OFF
(no RX time limit).
RX Time-Out Delay (min)—Sets the time delay, after which an alarm
is issued when no signals have been received. The default setting
here is 1111 minutes.
TX Time-Out Status—Enables or disables the TX Time-Out function. This protects against a transmitter which remains keyed for
a period exceeding the TX Time-Out Delay setting (see below).
When this time is exceeded, the transmitter is taken offline, preventing disruption of the wireless network. The TX time-out is
cleared when the keying source goes away and the radio keys
again.The default selection is ON (transmitter shuts down when
time limit is reached).
TX Time-Out Delay (sec)—Sets the time delay, after which a keyed
transmitter is taken offline. The default time-out setting is 30 seconds.
whether or not the radio is configured to
key (transmit) upon receipt of payload data at its interface port.
The default setting is ON.
• RTS Key—Determines whether or not the radio is configured to
key (transmit) upon receipt of an RTS (ready to send) signal at its
interface port. The default setting is OFF.
48
Datakey—Determines
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•
•
•
•
•
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Push-To-Talk Delay (ms)—Allows programming a brief time delay
after a keying event, which must expire before the radio is
allowed to transmit. The allowable range is 0 to 255 ms, with the
default being 0.
Clear-To-Send Delay (ms)—Allows programming a brief time delay
between when an RTS (ready-to-send) signal is received and
when the CTS (clear-to-send) signal is returned. The allowable
range is 0 to 255 ms, and the default is 0.
Automatic Freq. Correction—Automatic Frequency Correction
(AFC), is used to counteract the slight RF frequency drift that
may occur over time or through wide swings of ambient temperature.
Switched Carrier (B Modems)—In some networks, the master unit is
not keyed continuously (ckeyed), and transmits only when it has
data to send to Remotes. This is known as Switched Carrier operation. The Switched Carrier setting is only for use on radio
modems with “B” suffixes (for compatibility with MDS x710
radios). In such networks, the remote radios should have the
Switched Carrier setting turned ON. The default setting is OFF which
assumes B-modem operation with a continuously keyed master.
Ckey Operation only applies to Master units operating in
full-duplex mode only. Master units in B-modem networks will
have SWC set to ON regardless of ckey being on or off.
RX Signal Attenuation—This setting is intended for use in very
strong signal environments (-20 dBm or stronger). It should be
kept off when working with normal or weak signal levels.
Force DCD to Asserted—Some systems require a constant Data
Carrier Detect (DCD) signal. This setting allows the radio to be
configured to provide a DCD signal without the need for special
cabling.
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Features
Bridge
Configuration
•
Bridge Mode—Used to enable or disable Ethernet Bridging on the
radio. Default setting is OFF.
• Basic Bridge Filter Sel—Sets the type of bridge filter to be used.
Available selections are: Broadcast/Unicast (All), Unicast and ARP,
and Unicast Only.
• Adv Bridge Filter Status—When on, this filter bridges the Ethernet
traffic received from a specific Ethernet-enabled device matching
one of the Adv Src Addr Filter Values (see below).
• Adv Src Addr Filter Val—Sets the Advanced SRC Address Filter
Values. Four address fields are available. If the Adv Bridge Filter
Status is on, and an incoming Ethernet frame src addr matches
any of these values, the radio bridges the frame. Otherwise, it is
dropped by the radio. The entry format must be xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
VLAN Configuration
A VLAN is essentially a limited broadcast domain, meaning that all
members of a VLAN receive broadcast frames sent by members of the
same VLAN but not frames sent by members of a different VLAN.
The radio supports port-based VLAN at the Ethernet interface and over
the air, according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard. When VLAN Mode is
enabled, the wireless port of both AP and remote radios act as a trunk
port.
The Ethernet port of an AP radio is normally configured as a trunk port.
This type of port expects incoming frames to have a VLAN ID and sends
outgoing frames with a VLAN structure as well. The Ethernet port of a
Remote radio can be configured as an Access Port or as a trunk port.
When the Wireless or Ethernet port (AP or Remote) is configured as an
Access Port, the radio tags incoming traffic with a VLAN ID, and strips
the tag before sending out traffic. This traffic is known as the Data
VLAN. Additionally, a second VLAN is assigned for other traffic that
is terminated at the radio, such as Web, Telnet, DLINK over TCP, TFTP
reprogramming, etc. This traffic is known as the Management VLAN.
Traffic directed to the terminal server or IP payload service should be
sent via the Data VLAN.
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When the Ethernet port of a Remote is configured as a VLAN trunk, the
radio expects all incoming Ethernet frames to be tagged, and passes
through all outgoing frames as received from the wireless link with the
unchanged VLAN tag.
Mode—Defines the Ethernet port as Trunk, Access, or Disable (an
untagged port). The default setting is Disable. The mode should
be the last parameter changed when configuring the VLAN
feature, since any Telnet or web connections will be lost after
it is changed. Also, configure the appropriate IP and IP2 settings
before changing this parameter.
• Data ID—Defines the VLAN ID assigned to the AP’s LAN traffic
to be delivered to an Access Port, and the terminal server service,
or the IP payload service. The ID is used for filtering and tagging
purposes. Any valid ID from 1 to 4095 may be entered. The
Default Data VLAN ID is 2.
• Mgmt ID—Defines the VLAN ID assigned to the AP’s LAN traffic
that is to be delivered to the radio. Note that traffic for the terminal server and IP payload service is expected in the data VLAN.
This ID is used for filtering and tagging purposes. Any valid ID
from 1 to 4095 may be entered. The Default Mgmt VLAN ID is 1.
• Gateway IF—Defines the VLAN that contains the default gateway
in the radio. Available selections are Mgmt and Data. The default
setting is Mgmt.
•
NOTE: The VLAN Mode parameter must be consistent at both the AP
and Remote radios in order for data to flow correctly. Failure
to do so may result in data not being transported correctly even
when the radios are able to communicate over-the-air via an
RF link.
Listen Before
Transmit (LBT)
Settings
The transceiver provides a legacy collision avoidance scheme called
Listen Before Transmit (LBT). It employs P-Persistent CSMA protocol,
which senses channel usage and inhibits transmission if the channel is
currently in use. CSMA is an abbreviation for Carrier Sense Multiple
Access. This setting is superseded by Packet w/MAC and should only
be used in legacy systems and special use cases. Packet w/MAC is the
preferred method for collision avoidance.
NOTE: The Listen Before Transmit (LBT) feature requires radios to
be configured for Packet Mode operation. Packet w/MAC
operation provides an alternative method for media access.
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•
Listen Before Transmit—Used
to activate or deactivate LBT when
this feature is authorized in the radio.
•
LBT Behavior—LBT
can be configured to behave in one of two
ways; either listen on the radio’s transmit frequency (TX) or listen
on the radio’s receive frequency (RX). Typically, Remote radios
are configured to Listen on RX (the default selection) to avoid collisions with the Master unit. In peer-to-peer configurations, Listen
on TX may be preferred. Optimal choices depend on the data transmission characteristics of the connected system.
• Min/Max Channel Wait (ms)—These settings refer to the time period
(in milliseconds) to wait after the channel is free before transmission is allowed.
Minimum wait time: Normally, the minimum channel wait time
should not be changed from its default setting of 0 ms unless performing advanced operations, such as staggering the responses
from multiple Remotes.
Maximum wait time: Normally, this setting should not be
changed from its default of 100 ms unless performing advanced
operations. Some examples of when this may be beneficial
include:
• There is a need to stagger responses from several Remote
radios.
• The transmission latency from the time the channel is free is
too high, in which case a lower value can be entered.
• Collisions over the air are too high, in which case a higher
value can be entered.
NOTE: The lower the value of the Maximum Wait Time, the higher
the chances of collisions occurring over-the-air. Conversely,
the higher the value of the Maximum Wait Time, the higher the
transmission latency.
•
52
Timeout (ms)—Provides a setting for the maximum wait time (in
milliseconds) for the channel to become free. When this time is
exceeded, the radio follows the action defined in the Packet Action
on Timeout setting (either Drop or Send).
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•
what to do with a packet
once the timeout period has expired and the channel is still not
available. If set to Drop, the packet is discarded. If set to Send,
transmission of the packet is attempted despite the channel being
busy.
• Clear Channel RSSI (dBm)—LBT works by sensing the presence of
a carrier signal on the radio’s operating frequency. If a carrier is
present, transmission is inhibited. The Clear Channel RSSI setting
allows a threshold to be set which, when equaled or exceeded,
declares the channel busy and therefore unavailable for transmitting.
IP Payload
Configuration (1/2/3)
Packet Action on Timeout—Determines
This section describes how to setup and configure the radio for
exchanging IP/Ethernet Payload data with Remote radios. It is an efficient feature that supports Ethernet connectivity with maximum
over-the-air (OTA) efficiency for UDP and TCP data streams. Remote
radios receiving the data can then forward this traffic to their serial ports
or Ethernet port. This feature is particularly useful for adding Ethernet
devices to a mixed system using MDS SD and x710 Transceivers. This
feature is different than Ethernet Bridging, which is described on Page
50.
NOTE: To make use of this feature, the radio must be properly authorized for Ethernet data. If it is not, contact your sales representative for further information.
It is helpful to understand that IP data is terminated at the radio, yet the
payload data is transmitted OTA. As such, the radio acts as a terminal
server converting IP data into a serial “over-the-air port.” In other
words, a transmitting radio receives an IP message, strips off the IP
headers, and sends it over the air with VRC identification (VRC-1,
VRC-2, or VRC-3). A receiving radio may then be set up, for example,
to have COM2 or an IP port deliver all VRC-1 traffic.
The radio supports Ethernet operation on three IP payload ports. These
settings are made on the IP Payload Configuration Menu (1, 2, or 3)
as shown in the screen which follows later in this section. In the Master
unit only, Multihost may need to be enabled if more than one IP Payload
port is required.
IP Payload is intended to be used in a poll-response system. An Ethernet
device at the Master radio sends UDP/TCP poll messages to the
Master’s Ethernet port which is configured to listen for data. The poll is
sent OTA and a RTU/PLC attached to one of the Remote radios (via
serial or Ethernet) responds. The response is sent OTA back to the
Master radio. The Master radio then sends the response back to the
polling station via Ethernet.
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When configuring this feature, you are notified of the success or failure
of the operation. Additionally, Ethernet and OTA statistics can be monitored to inspect the success of the poll-response communication.
The following additional points apply to Ethernet payload operation:
• To make efficient use of limited bandwidth, this feature transports the payload content of Ethernet data to be sent over the air.
• This feature does not bridge Ethernet networks separated by
radios. For more information, see Ethernet Bridging found on
Page 50.
• A broadcast poll-response network is assumed, where addressing
information is contained in the payload portion of the UDP/TCP
messages.
NOTE: Screen selections vary depending on the radio mode selected.
Three such screens are provided for Payload 1, 2, and 3.
•
•
•
•
•
•
54
Status—Enables
or disables the IP Payload port.
Mode—The operating mode for the IP port may be set to UDP
Socket, TCP Client Socket, TCP Server Socket, or TCP Server/Client
Socket to match the service in which it will operate.
Talk on/Listen to—Any combination of the three Virtual Radio
Channels may be entered in these fields. For more information on
how VRC settings are used, refer to the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01.
Local Radio IP Port—Used to specify a port number for the RJ-45
modular connector on the radio’s front panel. As a general rule,
port numbers below 2000 should be avoided, as some are
reserved for special applications in data networks.
Destination IP Address—Specifies the IP address associated with
the device connected through the RJ-45 modular connector on the
radio’s front panel (typically a PC). Any valid IP address may be
entered.
Destination IP Port—Used to specify a port number for the RJ-45
modular connector on the connected device (typically a PC). Port
numbers below 2000 should be avoided, as some are reserved for
special applications in data networks.
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•
•
•
TCP Server IP Address—IP
address of the TCP server being used.
TCP Server IP Port—Port number of the TCP server being used.
Connection Timeout—Used to specify a time in seconds, after
which the connection will be dropped following a period of inactivity.
• Persistent Connection—When set to Yes, the connection to the
server is maintained continuously, even during periods of inactivity.
• Committing Configuration—Once you are satisfied with all of the
settings on the screen, you make them active by clicking this button. The message Changes committed appears at the bottom of the
screen to confirm the action.
• Restoring Configuration—In some cases, you may wish to revert to
the previous configuration of the screen, prior to any changes
being committed. This might be useful if one or more settings
were inadvertently changed and you wish to return to a “known
state.” To restore the prior settings, simply click Restore Configuration.
Understanding the Use of Virtual Radio Channels (VRCs)
The use of Virtual Radio Channels (VRCs) may require additional
explanation for new users of the feature. VRCs allow over-the-air data
to be directed to specific interface ports (IP or Serial) on the radio. Conceptually, this can be pictured as creating “pipes” for delivery of data to
the desired radio interfaces.
VRC works by associating data from a specific port (IP and Serial) with
a VRC channel number (1, 2, or 3). Each port at the receiving end then
filters incoming data based on the associated VRC number.
NOTE: The Virtual Radio Channel (VRC) feature is only supported in
Packet and Packet w/MAC modes. It is not supported in Transparent or x710 mode.
To create the “pipes” that direct data to the desired ports, a route must
be established using the IP Payload Configuration Menu (or the
COM1/COM2 Settings Menu for serial data). The default setting is to
listen to all channels.) The Talk on parameter is used to specify the VRC
used for sending the data stream out, while the Listen to parameter specifies the VRC(s) for incoming data. Use of these parameters was
described earlier in this section.
Any combination of the three VRC numbers may be entered in the selection fields. Figure 27 illustrates the relationship between the VRC settings and the routing of data between units.
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55
Invisible place holder
IP Payload 1 Data
(Talk on VRC-1)
RADIO 1
Serial COM2 Data
(Talk on VRC-2)
RADIO 2
IP Payload 1 Data
(Listen on VRC-1)
Serial COM2 Data
(Listen on VRC-2)
Ethernet/IP RTU
Serial-Based RTU
Figure 27. Virtual Radio Channel (VRC) Concept
Terminal Server
COM1/2
Configuration
The radio’s Terminal Server feature allows IP addressing of the COM1
and COM2 serial interface ports. Data from these ports is sent over the
air as encapsulated IP packets. At the receiving end, the data is decapsulated and delivered to the appropriate COM port(s). In contrast to the
radio’s IP Payload feature, having a terminal server at the Remotes
means that Ethernet data can be delivered to specific devices connected
to these radios. Terminal Server settings, examples, and additional benefits are described in the following paragraphs.
The image below shows the Device Manager’s Terminal Server configuration screen. Two such screens are provided in the Device Manager;
one for COM1 and another for COM2. Here, the behavior of the terminal server is set and applied. The Terminal Server must be enabled
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and configured in all radios requiring IP encapsulation of serial data.
Proper configuration of the serial ports is also required, using the Communications Ports section of the Device Manager.
NOTE: Available selections vary depending on the mode selected.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Status—Enables
or disables the Terminal Server feature.
Mode—Sets the operating mode for the IP port. It may be set to
UDP Socket, TCP Client Socket, TCP Server Socket, or TCP Server/Client
Socket to match the service in which it will operate.
Local Radio IP Port—Used to specify a port number for the RJ-45
modular connector on the radio’s front panel. As a general rule,
port numbers below 2000 should be avoided, as some are
reserved for special applications in data networks.
Destination IP Address—Specifies the IP address associated with
the device connected through the RJ-45 modular connector on the
radio’s front panel (typically a PC). Any valid IP address may be
entered here.
Destination IP Port—Used to specify a port number for the RJ-45
modular connector on the connected device (typically a PC). Port
numbers below 2000 should be avoided, as some are reserved for
special applications in data networks.
TCP Server IP Address—IP address of the TCP server being used.
TCP Server IP Port—Port number of the TCP server being used.
Socket State—Provides status on the configuration (i.e., whether
or not the terminal server port is active).
Commit Configuration—Clicking this button causes any “staged”
parameter changes to be activated and saved to non-volatile memory. Unlike most other attributes, terminal server attributes don't
automatically “take” after making a change. Similar to the Ethernet settings, many items only make sense to change as a block,
and this is why the Commit Configuration button is provided.
Refresh/Auto—Clicking the Auto button causes the Web/UI interface to update and load the latest saved data. Clicking Refresh
forces an instant update. A periodic refresh update interval is provided for the Auto parameter.
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The Terminal Server supports the following communication protocols:
• Point-to-Point: TCP or UDP
• Point-to-Multipoint1: UDP (One of the Destination IP Addresses
is a multicast IP address)
• Multipoint-to-Multipoint1: UDP (Two or more of the Destination
IP Addresses are a multicast IP address)
Data from local multicast IP addresses is always delivered to the socket layer
by the radio's TCP/IP stack. Therefore, to receive data from local multicast IP
addresses, simply set the Local Radio IP Port equal to the destination IP port
of the multicast IP packet.
Using the Terminal Server—Typical Example
The following describes a Terminal Server implementation in a radio
network. Figure 28 below is referenced in this discussion.
Figure 28. Terminal Server Example
IP/Radio Network Setup and Configuration
The following conditions are assumed for this example:
• Radio (RF) link is good between AP and Remote 1, and AP and
Remote 2.
• IP addresses are properly configured as shown in Figure 28.
• Packet w/MAC mode is enabled in all radios, and the MAC Device
Type is set to AP in radio with the IP address equal to 192.168.1.2.
• Ethernet Bridge is enabled in all radios.
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Serial Addressability
This example shows that it is possible to communicate to specific serial
devices (e.g., PC 2 COM1, and PC 3 COM1) over the radio network.
Note that TCP is used as the transport layer for communication here,
which provides data reliability at the application level.
1. Configure Remote 1 and Remote 2 by navigating to the Term Srvr 2
COM2 Configuration screen and setting the parameters as listed below.
(Note that an Ethernet connection to Remote 1 and Remote 2—not
shown in Figure 28— will be required for this step, unless Telnet is
used.)
Status: Enabled
Mode: TCP Server Socket
Local Radio Port: 30000
Connection Timeout: 0 Seconds
Persistent Connection: Yes
2. Navigate to the COM2 Port Settings of Remote 1 and Remote 2 and
configure them as listed below (note that VRCs are not used):
Mode: RS232
Baud Rate: 115200 bps
Format: 8 char bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
Buffer: Data Handling ON
Device: DCE
Talk on: VRC-1
Listen to: VRC-1
3. Click Commit Configuration after the changes are made.
To test the functionality of the Terminal Server, open a HyperTerminal
session on PC1 and connect to the Remote Terminal Server as shown in
Figure 29.
Invisible place holder
Figure 29. Remote 1 Terminal Server Connection
On PC2, Open a HyperTerminal session and connect to Remote 1’s
COM2 port as shown in Figure 30.
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Invisible place holder
Figure 30. Remote 1 COM2 Port Connection
On PC1, open a HyperTerminal session and connect to Remote 2 Terminal Server as shown in Figure 31.
Invisible place holder
Figure 31. Remote 2 Terminal Server Connection
On PC3, open a HyperTerminal session and connect to Remote 2’s
COM2 port as shown in Figure 32.
Figure 32. Remote 2 COM2 Port Connection
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Type “hello” in the Remote 1 terminal server window. Note delivery of
the message only to the Remote 1 COM2 Port window (see Figure 33).
Type “hi” in the Remote 1 COM2 port window. Note delivery of message only to the Remote 1 terminal server window. This verifies proper
delivery and routing of traffic.
Figure 33. Remote 1 Terminal Server/COM2 Port Communication
Type “how are you” in the Remote 2 terminal server window (see
Figure 34). Note delivery of the message only to the Remote 2 COM2
Port window. Type “good” in the Remote 2 COM2 Port window. Note
delivery of message only to Remote 2 terminal server window.
Figure 34. Remote 2 Terminal Server/COM2 Port Communication
Multihost Settings
(Use only if operating
in Packet mode
without MAC)
Multihost is a legacy feature that has been superseded by the Packet
w/MAC feature. It should only be used in legacy systems or in special
use cases.
The Multihost Settings screen is used only when Packet w/MAC mode
is not selected. It provides an alternative way to run multiple host applications at the master unit, which may be operating on different computers. Multihost operation is described in more detail in the SD
Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01.
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Packet w/MAC operation replaces multihost operation, and is the recommended method for passing multiple data streams. See “Device Settings” on Page 43 for instructions on setting the Radio Mode to Packet
w/MAC.
•
•
Multihost Enable—Enables
or disables multihost capability.
Multihost Delay—Sets the desired delay time (in ms) for switching
between hosts during multihost operation.
Communications Ports
COM1 Port Settings
•
Startup Mode—The default mode for COM1 is Console when the
transceiver is first powered up, but the startup mode may also be
set to Data if the port is to be used for passing payload data.
• Current Mode—The mode setting for the COM1 port may be
changed on demand (Console or Data) using this selection.
• Data Baud Rate—The default data rate for COM1 is 115200 bps, but
it may be set to any of the following speeds: 300, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
• Data Format—The default data format for the transceiver is 8 character bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit (8N1). A number of settings are
possible as listed below:
8 character bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (Default)
8 character bits, no parity, 2 stop bits
8 character bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit
8 character bits, odd parity, 2 stop bits
8 character bits, even parity, 1 stop bit
8 character bits, even parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, no parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, odd parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, even parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, even parity, 2 stop bits
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•
Talk on/Listen to—Any combination of the three Virtual Radio
Channels may be entered in these fields. Refer to the SD
Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01 for
more information.
• Term Srvr Status—Indicates whether the radio’s terminal server is
enabled or disabled.
COM2 Port Settings
COM2 is
the standard port used for connection of serial payload data.
The COM2 Port Settings screen contains a number of settings that may be
configured to suit the needs of your system.
•
Mode—The COM2 port can operate in either RS-232 or RS-485
mode. The default is RS-232.
• Baud Rate—The default data rate for COM2 is 9600 bps, but it may
be set to any of the following speeds: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
• Data Format—The default data format for the transceiver is 8 character bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit (8N1). A number of settings are
possible as listed below:
8 character bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (Default)
8 character bits, no parity, 2 stop bits
8 character bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit
8 character bits, odd parity, 2 stop bits
8 character bits, even parity, 1 stop bit
8 character bits, even parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, no parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, odd parity, 2 stop bits
7 character bits, even parity, 1 stop bit
7 character bits, even parity, 2 stop bits
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•
Buffer—The transceiver’s buffer provides a way of handling data
“over-runs,” where more data is passing through the COM2 port
than can be immediately handled by the unit. When the buffer is
on, any such data is stored up and processed in the appropriate
order. Available selections are Data Handling ON or Data Handling
OFF.
• Device—This setting controls the device behavior of x710 legacy
radios. It does not apply to packet or Ethernet radios, and may be
disregarded for these later models.
• Talk on/Listen to—Any combination of the three Virtual Radio
Channels may be entered in these fields. For more information on
how these settings are used, refer to the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01 more information.
• Term Srvr Status—Indicates whether the radio’s terminal server is
enabled or disabled.
NOTE: The radio can operate in RS-422 mode when RS-485 is
selected.
IP Configuration
The IP Configuration screens contain various settings for the IP data
stream. Each item is listed below along with an explanation of the
parameter. Note that the bottom of the screen displays the current settings that have been applied to the radio in a read-only fashion.
•
Current IP Address—Read-only indication of the current IP address
programmed.
•
Current Subnet Mask—Read-only
indication of the subnet mask
programmed.
•
Current Default Gateway—Read-only indication of the current
default gateway programmed.
• Static IP Address—The radio requires a local IP address to support
remote management and serial device (terminal server) services.
An IPv4 IP address should be entered in this field, unless DHCP
is enabled, in which case it is not required.
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•
Static IP Netmask—This refers to the radio’s IPv4 local subnet
mask. This parameter is used when the radio attempts to send a
locally-initiated message, either from the terminal server, or a
management process. You do not need to define it if DHCP is
enabled.
• Static Default Gateway—This is the IPv4 address of the default gateway device, typically a router connected to the radio.
• DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) handles
the assignment of IP parameters (Address, Netmask, Gateway) to
all units in a network, and allows for introducing new devices on
the network with minimal manual intervention. The assigned
parameters are valid for a specific “lease” time, at which point
they can be reassigned or renewed.
Security
The transceiver offers a number of safeguards against unauthorized
management access and protection of payload data. All of these features
are accessed via the security configuration screens.
Device Security
•
Local Security—This parameter is used to specify whether or not a
local log-in is required when using the transceiver’s menu system.
The default setting is Local Login Required, and is appropriate for
most circumstances. Setting this parameter to No Local Login
Required might be useful in cases where only a small number people with administrative duties have physical access to the radio,
and need to access the menu frequently. In this mode, the menu
operation behaves identically to the Administrator level login.
• Telnet Access—Telnet access is a powerful feature that allows
management of the radio via an Ethernet connection. This may be
done locally, using a cable connected to the management PC, or
at any distance using an IP/Ethernet network connection. Telnet
access is also possible over the air if the Ethernet Bridging feature
is enabled. Any user with the IP address of the radio can log in to
the unit with this method.
• Disable Web Access—Web access to the unit’s Device Manager is
normally enabled. Click this item to disable web access. A warning message appears to confirm disabling of web navigation.
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NOTE: If the radio login password is lost or forgotten, contact GE
MDS for assistance. Proof of authorized user is required for a
new password, and the radio will revert to its default settings.
It is recommended that users periodically export their configuration file so that it can be loaded back into the radio if their
old one requires replacement.
Wireless Security
•
Payload Encryption—When on, applies encryption to payload data
stream. The default selection is OFF.
• Dlink Security—Applies security restrictions to network-wide
diagnostic data. The default setting is OFF. If Dlink Security
enabled, users performing network-wide diagnostics must log in
before being able to change the configuration of the radio via
Dlink.
Login Password
•
Administrator Password—When the transceiver is shipped from the
factory, the password is normally set to the default entry of admin.
It is recommended that it be changed at the time of installation to
one that is known only to the Administrator or authorized user of
the system. The password should be changed periodically to
maintain the best security.
Passwords are case sensitive and may use up to 13 alpha-numeric
characters. Do not use punctuation mark characters. You will be
required to enter the current password to set a new one. Follow the
prompts, and refresh your web browser (typically View>>Refresh
or View>>Reload at the top menu bar) to apply the change to all
pages.
TIP: For enhanced security, consider using misspelled words, a combination of letters and numbers, and a combination of upper and
lower case letters. Also, the more characters used (up to 13), the
more secure the password will be. These strategies help protect
against sophisticated hackers who may use a database of common
words (for example, dictionary attacks) to determine a password.
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Encryption Phrase
•
Encryption Phrase—If encryption has been enabled, a valid
“phrase” must also be set. Both the sending and receiving station
must have the same phrase for communication to occur. The
phrase must have at least 8 characters (maximum of 37), and any
printable character may be used.
6.4 Maintenance & Status Screen
The Maintenance & Status screen (Figure 35) provides access to several
tools used in testing the radio and performing routine management tasks.
Individual screens may be selected beneath Maintenance & Status at the
left side of the screen.
Figure 35. Maintenance & Status Screen
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Event Log
The Event Log is used to display all events stored by the transceiver,
even if the radio has been power-cycled. It also shows a running total of
the alarms stored.
•
Total Event Log Events—Displays the number of events that have
been logged by the transceiver. To view the Event Log, click Show
Log. The listed events can be cleared by clicking Clear Log. (You
will be challenged by a caution message to verify that you intend
to clear the event log.)
• Show Log—Displays a detailed listing of each event.
• Clear Log—Erases the stored listing of events.
• Export Log—Used to save the log data as a text file in the desired
location on the PC.
Alarm Summary
Alarms
This screen shows the current major and minor alarms, if any, since
power-up of the transceiver.
Refresh—Clicking this button manually updates the listed alarms
with the latest information.
• Auto—Initiates automatic updating of alarm listings. A time (in
seconds) may also be set in the box provided, to specify how often
alarms/events are updated.
•
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Status Conditions
and Events
This screen shows status conditions reported since power-up of the
transceiver. This includes normal, informational events such as booting
up the system and reinitializing.
Refresh—Clicking this button manually updates the listed events
with the latest information.
• Auto—Initiates automatic updating of event listings. A time (in
seconds) may also be set in the box provided, to specify how often
alarms/events are updated.
•
Alarm Signal
Configuration
This screen contains settings to determine what events are detected, and
what will be done with them. At the bottom section of the screen are
selections for displaying specific alarms, conditions, and informational
events that will be reported. Select events to be reported by clicking the
box to the left of the item. The sample image below shows the first six
events in the bottom portion of the screen. Additional listings are visible
by scrolling down.
•
Alarm Signal Sense—This parameter may be set to either Active
High or Active Low. An active high means that Pin 6 on the COM2
port will output a high DC signal when an alarm exists. (This is
the default behavior.) An active low means that Pin 6 on the
COM2 port will output a low DC signal when an alarm exists.
Select the desired behavior in the drop-down box and click Set
Alarm Signal Sense to apply the setting.
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•
Set Signal by Class—Here, you can specify what classes of alarms
result in an signal being produced by the alarm output line. The
choices are:
Never assert Alarm Signal
Assert Signal on Major Alarm
Assert Signal on Major or Minor Alarm
Assert Signal on Any Alarm or Status
•
Set Alarm Bits—This button is used to set the selections made in
the check box list below it. First, you must select which specific
alarms will result in a signal being produced by the alarm output
line. To set an alarm/message for reporting by the output line, you
click the check box next to an item of interest. To clear a check
box, simply click it again. When you are finished with the selections, click the Set Alarm Bits button.
• Undo—This button is used to return the screen to its original
selections. It clears any selections made prior to clicking the Set
Alarm Bits button.
Performance
Radio Performance
This screen contains several measurement parameters that can be used
to check the operating conditions of the radio.
•
•
•
•
•
70
Measured RF Power—Read-only indication of the measured RF
output power (in dBm).
Signal to Noise—Read-only indication of the signal-to-noise ratio
of received signal.
RSSI—Read-only indication of the received signal strength (in
dBm).
DC Voltage—Read-only indication of the DC supply voltage
applied to the transceiver.
Temperature—Read-only indication of the chassis temperature
(degrees C).
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I/O Statistics
This screen allows viewing transmitted and received bytes on any of the
transceiver interface modules.
Module Select—The drop-down box to the right of this area allows
selection of any of the transceiver interface modules: All, Media
Access Controller, Port(s), COM1, COM2, IP Payload Port 1, 2, 3, Remote
Reprogram. Once a module is selected, click Set Module to view a
summary of TX and RX bytes, along with the number of packets
missed, retries, and number of blocks (as applicable, depending
on the interface selected). The display continually refreshes to
show the latest information, and may be cleared at any time by
selecting Clear Module Statistics.
• Reset—Clicking this button restores the previous Set Module selection. If you've scrolled to a new module selection in the pull-down
box, and wish to return to the previous one, simply click this button to restore it.
• Refresh—Clicking this button updates the displayed statistics on
demand.
• Auto—Initiates automatic updating of statistics. A time (in seconds) may be entered in the box provided, to specify how often
the display is updated.
•
Ethernet Statistics
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This screen presents a detailed summary of packets received and transmitted, dropped packets, errors, overruns of the buffer, RX data rate
(bps), and RX/TX data for Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast transmissions.
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•
Clear Statistics—Clicking
this button resets the displayed statistic
counts.
•
Refresh—Clicking this button updates the displayed statistics on
demand.
• Auto—Initiates automatic updating of statistics. A time (in seconds) may be entered in the box provided, to specify how often
the display is updated.
MAC Routes
The MAC Routes function pertains to Packet w/MAC operation and it is
used as a networking tool. It works on both APs and Remotes, but is generally most meaningful from an AP perspective. The MAC Route screen
shows all currently communicating radios in a network running in
Packet w/MAC mode.
Screen content varies with configuration. The following items are displayed on a fully populated screen for each radio, and appear in the
blank area of the MAC Routes screen:
•
•
Unit—Unit
address of the radio.
ESN—Exchange Sequence Number, an incrementing 8-bit
sequence number used to uniquely identify packets coming from
that radio. It is used for redundant packet filtering in case of
re-transmissions.
• Link—Current link the radio is connected via, either DIRECT or
through Store and Forward (SAF).
• Clear Routes—Forces the radio to re-learn all actively communicating radios in the network.
Note that because the radio network is point-to-multipoint (from a
Remote radio's perspective), the MAC Route function only contains information about the Access Point.
Radio Test
The Radio Test functions are a collection of tools useful for testing the
RF performance of the transceiver. It provides a way to key (activate)
the transmitter, measure power output, run a spectrum test, and enable
the built-in RTU simulator.
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RTU Simulator
The unit’s built-in RTU simulator generates random data similar to what
would be supplied by an external RTU connected to the radio. It is
useful for system testing within the radio network by providing realistic
data to pass over the radio channel.
•
•
RTU Enable—Select ON
or OFF from the drop-down box.
RTU Number—Enter the desired RTU number in this box.
When you are done with these settings, press Commit Configuration to
apply the changes.
Link Test
The primary use of the Link Test is to verify that a specific radio's settings are consistent with the initiator including: Assigned frequency,
unit number setting, encryption (if enabled), etc. Also collected at the
same time is an indication of link quality. All radios are always ready to
respond to a Link Test message. Only the initiating radio requires configuration when using the Link Test screen, and it is only available when
operating in packet mode.
A summary of data statistics is displayed on the right side of the screen,
including transmit/receive packet counts, total bits, and total number of
bit errors.
NOTE: No other data traffic should be active when performing a Linktest.
•
Destination Unit Address—Enter the Unit Address of the other radio
being tested.
•
Linktest Count—Enter the number of times for the message to be
sent across the radio link.
• Response Timeouts (msec)—Enter the time (in milliseconds) that
will result in a timeout if no response is received within that
period.
• Start Test—Set this box to ON to start the Link Test, or OFF to stop
the test.
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When you are done with the settings above, press Commit Configuration to
apply the changes.
Refresh—Clicking this button updates the displayed statistics on
demand.
• Auto—Initiates automatic updating of statistics. A time (in seconds) may be entered in the box provided, to specify how often
the display is updated.
•
Ping Test
A connectivity test to a specific destination address may be performed
using the radio’s Ping Test screen which follows.
•
•
•
•
•
RF Keying Test
Destination Address—Enter the IP Address of the other radio being
ping tested.
Count—Enter the number of pings to send across the radio link.
Bytes—Enter the number of bytes in each ping.
Interval—Use this box to specify how long (in seconds) between
ping transmissions after a response is received.
Timeout—Use this box to specify how long (in seconds) to wait
for a ping response before a timeout occurs.
The RF Keying Test screen provides a way to place the transmitter on
the air to check the measured RF power output, measure reflected power
from an antenna system, or to provide a signal at a receiving station so
that RSSI can be checked.
•
Key Radio—Set to ON to enable the RF keying test; OFF to disable
it. The Commit Configuration button must be clicked to apply the
setting.
• Measured RF Power—Provides an indication (in dBm) of the measured power output of the transmitter.
Spectrum Graph
74
A unique feature of the transceiver is the ability to view the RF spectrum
above and below the operating frequency using its built-in Spectrum
Graph. Often, this can assist in diagnosing the cause of interference, or
to view other signals near your operating frequency.
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To use the Spectrum Graph, you must first specify a center frequency
and a span frequency. The center frequency is the frequency that you
wish the spectrum display to be centered on. The span frequency defines
the width of the overall spectrum to be examined.
•
Center Frequency—The frequency (in MHz) that the graph will be
centered on.
•
Span Frequency—Width
(in kHz) of the spectrum to be examined.
A sample spectrum graph from the transceiver is shown below.
Example Spectrum Graph
Alarm Test
The Alarm Test screen provides a way to force an alarm for testing
alarm reporting and radio response. When set to ON, clicking the Commit
Configuration button sets an alarm, and the radio’s PWR LED begins to
flash. An “Alarm Test” entry is also made in the Event Log, and the
external alarm output status is changed.
In redundant configurations such as SDxP/SDxDP/SDxDT packaged
models, the Alarm Test can be used to force a switchover between
redundant radios. The alarm test is a timed facility. When applied, it will
assert for 30 seconds, and then deactivate. If active, it can be manually
deactivated prior to timeout by setting the parameter to OFF, and clicking
the Commit Configuration button again.
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Firmware Utilities
Version Information
This screen shows Bootloader version information and indicates which
firmware image (1 or 2) is currently active, as well as the firmware version of each image. The information on this screen is read-only.
•
•
Refresh—Clicking
this button updates the displayed information
on demand.
Auto—Initiates automatic updating of the information. A time (in
seconds) may be entered in the box provided, to specify how often
the display is updated.
NOTE: The latest firmware version for this product can be obtained at
www.gemds.com.
Web
Reprogramming
In the space provided, enter the *.mpk file to reprogram into this radio,
then click Program to start the file upload process. Do not click away
from this page until the upload has finished processing.
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TFTP
Reprogramming
The TFTP Reprogramming screen contains settable parameters for
TFTP file transfers and selections for retrieving files, such as radio firmware or configuration files.
•
Host IP—Use this field to enter a valid IP address for the host computer (where file to be transferred resides).
• File—This field is used to enter the exact name of the file to be
imported or exported.
• Timeout—Determines the amount of time (in seconds) that the
radio should wait for a TFTP server to respond. The default setting is 10 seconds, and will not normally require any change. If a
change is needed, enter a new timeout value in this field.
When all of the above fields have been set and you are ready to load a
new file, click the Retrieve File button to begin reprogramming.
This screen may be updated on demand by clicking the Refresh button.
It may also be refreshed automatically by clicking the Auto button. A
time (in seconds) may be entered for automatic refresh in the box to the
right of the Auto button.
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Remote
Reprogramming
The transceiver has facilities for reprogramming key settings of other
radios in the network. These functions are contained on the Remote
Reprogramming screen shown below. Additional information on remote
reprogramming is given in “Over-the-Air Firmware Upgrades” on
Page 90.
•
•
•
•
•
•
78
Channel Usage—Set
to either intrusive or passive as desired.
to specify the size of the reprogramming
data packets. Default size is 40.
Retry Count—Used to specify the number of times a transmission
is repeated when a packet is not received correctly. Default setting is 3.
Reprogram Block Size—Sets the overall block size (in bytes) of
each data packet. Default setting is 512.
Auto-Reboot—When enabled, causes the transceiver to automatically reboot after a firmware image upgrade. If disabled, the
newly loaded image will not become valid until the transceiver is
rebooted.
Download Delay—This field can be used to introduce a time delay
when reprogramming begins. Typically, it is set to None, but may
be increased incrementally by selecting one of the extended delay
times from the drop-down box (Extended Delay-1, 2, 3)
Packet Data Size—Used
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Verify Image
This screen is used to verify the integrity of an image stored in flash
memory. You may wish to verify an image after reprogramming or as
part of a troubleshooting sequence.
•
Verify—Click this button to verify the firmware image selected in
the drop-down box at the top of the screen. The available selections from the box are: Current active image, Image 1, Image 2, and
Inactive image.
Copy Image
•
Active Image—Shows the firmware package currently being used
by the transceiver (1 or 2).
• Package 1—Shows the version of firmware package 1.
• Package 2—Shows the version of firmware package 2.
• Copy—Click this button to copy the currently active firmware to
the inactive image.
This screen may be updated on demand by clicking the Refresh button.
It may also be refreshed automatically by clicking the Auto button. A
time (in seconds) may be entered for automatic refresh in the box to the
right of the Auto button.
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Device Reboot
•
•
•
•
•
Authorization Codes
Active Image—Shows the firmware package currently being used
by the transceiver (1 or 2).
Package 1—Shows the version of firmware package 1.
Package 2—Shows the version of firmware package 2.
Image—Allows selection of the firmware image to use when
rebooting: Current active Image, Image 1, Image 2, Inactive Image.
Reboot—Initiates reboot of the radio with the selected firmware
image.
This screen allows the entry of a new authorization key to change the
enabled features of the radio. The enabled features are not displayed
here, but can be viewed using a Serial/Telnet session, under the Authorization Codes menu.
Note that some versions of firmware will only show the Authorization
Key field and buttons at the bottom of the screen.
•
Authorization Key—A
factory furnished code used to enable operating features of the transceiver. An error message is returned if
an invalid authorization key is entered. Contact your factory representative for ordering details.
Configuration Files
NOTE: It is recommended that users periodically export their configuration file so that it can be loaded back into the radio if their
old one requires replacement.
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Dump/Load
Configuration File
The transceiver provides a Dump/Load Configuration File utility to ease
programming of operating parameters. This is especially useful if you
have a large number of radios to configure, and want to ensure that each
radio is uniformly configured.
•
this button to generate and save the
current configuration file being used by the transceiver. You will
be prompted for a location to save the file.
• Load Config File—Click this button to select a configuration file for
loading into the transceiver. You will receive a browse window to
help you locate the file on your computer and upload it to the
transceiver.
TFTP Configuration
File
Dump Current Config—Click
The TFTP Configuration File screen contains settable parameters for
TFTP file transfers and also selections for Importing/Exporting configuration Files via TFTP.
Host IP Address—Enter a valid IP address here for the host computer (where the configuration file resides or where you want to
send it).
• Filename—Enter the exact name of the configuration text file that
will be used by the radio to import or export configuration data.
• Timeout (sec)—Determines the amount of time in seconds that the
radio should wait for a TFTP server to respond. The default setting is 10 seconds, and will not require any change in most cases.
If a change is needed, enter a new timeout value in this box.
•
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Save/Restore
Configuration
This screen allows saving or restoring a configuration file for the transceiver. Saving a configuration file can be helpful in future troubleshooting tasks, as it allows reverting to a “known good” configuration
of the radio.
•
Restore to Factory Defaults—Click this button to restore the radio's
configuration settings to the factory defaults.
• Save Current Config—Click this button to save the radio’s current
configuration to flash memory.
• Restore Saved Config—Click this button to restore the radio’s configuration from the last saved version.
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7.0
TROUBLESHOOTING
Successful troubleshooting of the radio system requires a logical
approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the master unit, as the rest
of the system depends on the master for polling commands. If the master
unit has problems, the overall operation of the network will be affected.
It is good practice to start by checking the simple things. For proper
operation, all radios in the network must meet these basic requirements:
• Adequate and stable primary power
• Secure cable connections (power, data and Antenna)
• An efficient and properly aligned antenna system and a received
signal strength of at least –90 dBm. (It is possible for a system to
operate with weaker signals, but reliability may suffer.)
• The correct interface between the transceiver and the connected
data equipment (correct cable wiring, proper data format, timing,
etc.)
• Proper programming of the transceiver’s operating parameters.
Table 14 provides suggestions for resolving system difficulties that may
occur in the radio system. If problems persist, contact the factory for further assistance. Refer to the inside back cover of this guide for contact
information.
Table 14. Troubleshooting Guide
Difficulty
Recommended System Checks
Unit is
inoperative.
a. Check for the proper supply voltage at the power
connector.
b. The transceiver’s internal fuse may have opened. Factory
repair is required.
Interference or
signal overload is
suspected.
a. Use the Spectrum Analyzer/Graph function to check for
interference near the radio channel.
b. Try re-orienting the station antenna to limit interference to
and from other stations.
c. For excessively strong signals, set RX Signal Attenuation
to ON (Configuration>>Radio>>Advanced Settings).
Note: Also affects the strength of desired, on-channel
signals.
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Table 14. Troubleshooting Guide (Continued)
No link with Master,
or poor overall
performance.
a. Check for secure interface connections at the radio and
the connected device.
b. Check the antenna, feedline and connectors. Reflected
power should be less than 10% of the forward power reading
(SWR  2:1 or lower).
c. If the Remote radio links, but performance is poor, check
the received signal strength using the RSSI feature on the
Radio Performance screen. If RSSI is low, it may indicate
antenna problems, or misalignment of directional antenna
headings.
d. Verify proper programming of system parameters: mode,
data interface baud rate, RF output power, etc.
e. Check for alarms using the Statistics/Events screen.
No communication
to user interface
(Ethernet system)
a. Verify correct IP address is set.
Ethernet port shuts
down
a. Excessive data throughput. Do not connect radio to a LAN
with high traffic levels.
b. Ensure PC is set to same subnet as radio.
b. Auto Power Save is shutting the port down. Disable Auto
Power Save on Ethernet Port Configuration screen.
No communication
to user interface
(serial system)
a. Connect terminal emulator to COM1 port, cycle power,
and press the Enter key within 10 seconds to obtain Login
prompt.
BER is too high.
Data throughput is
spotty.
a. If in packet mode, check the packet settings screen for
proper configuration.
Latency is too high.
a. Adjust packet mode settings.
Unit won’t wake up
from Sleep Mode
a. Disconnect the device connected to COM2, and disable
Sleep Mode on the Device Settings Screen.
b. If in serial mode, check the COM1/COM2 port settings
screen for proper configuration.
b. Verify that the connected device is outputting the required
0 Vdc to 5 Vdc to control sleep mode on Pin 4 of COM2.
Correct as necessary.
c. Re-enable Sleep Mode on Device Settings Screen,
re-connect device to COM2, and check for proper operation.
Password lost or
forgotten
Contact GE MDS for password reset authorization code.
Proof of authorized user required.
Alarm message
“RF Output Out of
Range”
No load on Antenna connector or poor/shorted/open load.
Check condition of antenna cable, connectors, and antenna
system.
Transmitter keys
when using terminal
communications
program.
Many terminal programs raise the RTS line by default.
Keying can be avoided by setting the transceiver’s RTSkey
parameter to OFF (Configuration>>Radio>>Advanced
Settings)
7.1 LED Indicators
The LED status indicators are an important troubleshooting aid, and
should be checked whenever a problem is suspected. Table 10 on
Page 31 describes the function of each status LED and their normal indications.
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7.2 Checking for Alarms/Events
When an alarm condition exists, the transceiver registers it as an
“event.” These events can be viewed the Device Manager’s Maintenance
& Status>>Alarm Summary>>All Alarms/Events screen. Here, you can check
for currently active alarms, whether they be Major, Minor, Status Conditions, or Informational Events.
In addition, all historical events may be viewed by accessing the Device
Manager’s Event Log screen. To access the Event Log, select Maintenance & Status>>Event Log and click Show Log to view stored events (see
Figure 36).
Figure 36. Event Log Screen
Both setting and clearing of major/minor alarms and status conditions
are logged, as well as informational events (i.e., remote rebooted, reprogramming in process, etc.).
Major Alarms vs. Minor Alarms
Major Alarms report serious conditions that generally indicate a hardware failure, or other abnormal condition that will prevent (or seriously
hamper) further operation of the transceiver. Major alarms generally
indicate the need for factory repair. Contact your factory representative
for further assistance.
Minor Alarms report conditions that, under most circumstances will not
prevent transceiver operation. This includes out-of-tolerance conditions,
baud rate mismatches, etc. The cause of these alarms should be investigated and corrected to prevent system failure.
Status and Informational Events
Status events indicate current states or conditions that are not errors.
They are used merely to indicate process functions (i.e., Reprogramming
in Process).
Informational (Inform) events pertain to those items which have
occurred since bootup. They may or may not indicate an error, and they
do not show current conditions, just an event that occurred at some point
after boot-up (i.e., Event #32 Booting Up).
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85
Event Code Definitions
Table 15 contains a listing of event codes that may be reported by the
transceiver. The codes shown are a subset of a larger pool of codes used
for various GE MDS products. For this reason, the table does not show
a sequential listing of all code numbers. Only the codes applicable to
this product series are shown. This list is subject to change with product
revision.
Table 15. Event Codes
86
Event
Code
Event
Class
000
Major
Not currently implemented.
001
Major
Not currently implemented.
002
Major
Frequency not programmed.
003
Major
Authorization fault detected.
004
Major
RF synthesizer out-of-lock condition.
005
Major
Not currently implemented.
006
Major
Not currently implemented.
007
Major
Not currently implemented.
008
Major
Radio not calibrated. Factory calibration is required for proper
operation.
009
Major
DSP download fault.
010
Major
Not currently implemented.
011
Major
Not currently implemented.
012
Major
Receiver time-out. No data received within the specified
receiver time-out time.
013
Major
Transmitter time-out.
014
Major
Alarm Test.
015
Major
Not currently implemented.
068
Major
Excessive Ethernet traffic on interface.
016
Minor
Unit address not programmed.
017
Minor
Not currently implemented.
018
Minor
Not currently implemented.
019
Minor
Not currently implemented.
020
Minor
Not currently implemented.
021
Minor
Not currently implemented.
022
Minor
Not currently implemented.
023
Minor
Not currently implemented.
024
Minor
Not currently implemented.
025
Minor
Not currently implemented.
026
Minor
DC input voltage approaching limit. If the voltage is too far out
of tolerance, operation may fail.
027
Minor
Not currently implemented.
Description
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Table 15. Event Codes (Continued)
Event
Code
Event
Class
028
Minor
Not currently implemented.
029
Minor
RF Output Power not in valid range.
030
Minor
Not currently implemented.
031
Minor
Internal temperature approaching limit.
032
Inform
Booting up.
033
Inform
System initialization complete.
037
Minor
Unexpectedly executing APP 1.
038
Minor
Unexpectedly executing APP 2.
039
Minor
Boot error; active image unknown.
042
Minor
Reprogramming failure.
064
Minor
A socket operation failed.
071
Minor
AP not available.
041
Status
Forced restart of Ethernet interface.
043
Status
Reprogramming in progress.
044
Inform
Firmware update successful.
045
Inform
Reprogramming aborted.
046
Inform
Remote rebooted.
Description
7.3 Operating Constraints
The transceiver is a flexible unit offering a wide variety of features
needed in the wireless data industry. While many system arrangements
and applications are possible, there are a few constraints that system
planners should be aware of when designing a radio network. Table 16
lists these constraints and explains how to avoid difficulty in operation.
Table 16. Operating Constraints
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Constraint
Detailed Information
Minimum firmware version
requirement
When operating in “Packet w/MAC” mode, do not
downgrade the firmware revision below REV400.
Downgrading firmware to a lower revision will cause
erratic and unpredictable behavior, including causing
the radio to become continuously keyed.
RSSI display in strong
signal environments
The RSSI facility limits the maximum displayed signal
strength to –60 dBm.
SD Series Technical Manual
87
Table 16. Operating Constraints (Continued)
88
Constraint
Detailed Information
Radio operation in strong
signal environments
Operation with very strong receive signals (>-60db)
may require selection of the programmable RX Signal
Attenuation feature (see Advanced Settings
screen). Some higher bandwidth modems (e.g.,
65000) may require further external attenuation if
operating at even stronger signal levels (> -35dbm).
Note that this is rarely a practical concern; the most
likely scenario is in bench testing. Typical field
deployments have normal signal strengths well below
this threshold.
DC input voltage (SD4)
Early SD4 models supported 10.5 to 16 Vdc power, not
10 to 30 Vdc. Check the labeling above the power
connector to confirm the operating range for your unit.
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
8.0
TECHNICAL REFERENCE
8.1 Performing Network-Wide Remote Diagnostics
Diagnostics data from a remote radio can be obtained by connecting a
laptop or personal computer running GE MDS diagnostic software, such
as MDS PulseNET or MDS InSite to any radio in the network. InSite is
designed for operation with a serial-based (COM1) connection, unless
using a terminal server. PulseNET is designed to operate with the
radio’s Ethernet port. Figure 37 shows a sample arrangement for performing network-wide remote diagnostics.
RTU
RTU
DLINK TYPE
NODE
DLINK TYPE
NODE
RTU
DLINK TYPE
NODE
TO DATA PORT
(DB-25)
TO DIAGNOSTICS
PORT (DB-9)
DLINK TYPE
ROOT
MASTER STATION
DIAGNOSTIC DATA
(TO NMS APPLICATION)
PAYLOAD DATA
(TO SCADA APPLICATION)
HOST COMPUTER
Figure 37. Network-Wide Remote Diagnostics Setup
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SD Series Technical Manual
89
NOTE: This section of the manual focuses on the use of the radio’s
Ethernet port for diagnostic configuration (i.e.,
PulseNET-based diagnostics, or InSite with a terminal server).
Alternatively, the COM1 port may be used for serial diagnostics. See the SD Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part
No. 05-6193A01 for more information.
With a PC connected to any radio in the network, intrusive polling
(polling that interrupts payload data transmission) can be performed. To
perform diagnostics without interrupting payload data, connect the PC
to a radio defined as the “root” radio. This is defined using the Device
Manager on a connected PC. The following path takes you to the screen
where all diagnostic settings are made:
Configuration>>Radio>>Diagnostic Settings
To define a radio as the “root” unit, go to the Dlink Type box in the Diagnostics Settings screen, and select Root from the drop-down list.
Setting Up Diagnostics
The steps below outline the basic procedure of setting up diagnostics for
a radio. A more detailed description of remote diagnostics can be found
in the Network-Wide Diagnostics System Handbook (05-3467A01).
1. At the AP/master radio, set the Dlink Type to Root.
2. Set the Dlink Type for all other radios in the network to Node.
3. On the root radio, set Dlink TCP Access to Enabled on the Diagnostic
Settings Screen.
4. Connect a PC running the management software to the root radio, or
to one of the nodes, using the radio’s Ethernet port. (This PC may
also be the computer used to collect payload data, as shown in
Figure 37.)
5. Launch the diagnostic/NMS application at the PC. (Refer to the
associated User’s Guide for instructions—PulseNET: Part No.
05-4942A01; InSite: Part No. 05-3696A01.
8.2 Over-the-Air Firmware Upgrades
A major feature of the radio is the ability to reprogram remotes in the
network without the need to physically visit each radio site. This is
accomplished using the over-the-air (OTA) channel. OTA reprogramming always re-programs the “Inactive” firmware image of the radio to
ensure that active firmware is not accidentally overwritten.
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NOTE: OTA reprogramming over a narrowband radio channel can be
a lengthy process, requiring up to several hours to complete.
The time required depends on several factors, as discussed in
the following section.
Intrusive vs. Passive (Non-Intrusive) Mode
Firmware code may be transmitted to stations in either intrusive or passive (non-intrusive) mode using the built-in diagnostic capabilities of
the radio. When OTA reprogramming is initiated from either a root or
node the firmware image is broadcast to all Remotes in intrusive or passive use of the channel.
Intrusive operation means that the payload application data will be
interrupted while programming data is sent over the air. This is the
fastest method of programming radios over the air, but it comes at the
cost of interruptions in the primary use of the radio network. See
Table 17 for the approximate times needed for intrusive reprogramming.
Table 17. Approximate Reprogramming Times—Intrusive Mode
Modem Speed
(bps)
Approximate Time Required
4800
1 hour, 30 minutes
9600
35-40 minutes
19200
20-25 minutes
Radio assumptions: Signal strength -85 dBm or
stronger, Packet Size: 40, Block Size: 512, Retry: 3
Polling assumptions: Serial polling with 1-second poll
time, sending random data at 50-100 bytes. Slower
polling times will significantly increase completion time.
Polling should be temporarily suspended while OTA
reprogramming is active.
NOTE: Intrusive mode should be used only when the radio channel
can be devoted to the reprogramming operation, as payload
data will be interrupted.
Passive (Non-intrusive) operation “piggy-backs” reprogramming data
onto normal payload data streams, thus allowing payload data to continue uninterrupted. This mode requires payload data to be sent so that
the reprogramming data can be carried.
NOTE: Radio networks configured for Packet w/MAC operation
support intrusive operation while still sending payload data.
Data is sent at the first chance, and does not wait for user data
to be sent.
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SD Series Technical Manual
91
The disadvantage to passive operation is that it takes longer to convey
the reprogramming information since it is must be attached to existing
data transactions. See Table 18 for the approximate times needed for
passive reprogramming.
Table 18. Approximate Reprogramming Times—Passive Mode
Modem Speed
(bps)
Approximate Time Required
4800
6 hours, 7 minutes
9600
1 hour, 30 minutes
19200
1 hour, 30 minutes
Radio assumptions: Signal strength -85 dBm or
stronger, Packet Size: 40, Block Size: 512, Retry: 3
Polling assumptions: Serial polling with 1-second poll
time, sending random data at 50-100 bytes. Slower
polling times will significantly increase completion time.
NOTE: It is possible for Remote radios receiving a firmware upgrade
to complete reprogramming before the initiating station does.
This is because transmissions are sent out “broadcast style”
and will be sent up to the number of times entered in the Retry
Count parameter of the radio. In a strong signal environment,
the image may be received successfully the first time, but the
initiator does not know this, and continues broadcasting image
data blocks until the specified retry count has been reached.
OTA Reprogramming Overview
The “Root” is the central location from which polling originates. Other
locations in the network should be designated as “Nodes” which are the
receiving stations. Over-the-air firmware upgrades should always be
initiated from the Root. This ensures that all radios in the network will
be properly updated.
Once an OTA reprogram session has started, the initiating radio selects
either the active or inactive image stored in its non-volatile storage
which is copied to all the other radios in the network.
The initiator broadcasts a series of messages to one or more remote
Nodes to accomplish the reprogramming process. The “broadcast”
method is used to program the greatest number of radios in the shortest
amount of time, however, the initiating station remains unaware of the
number or success of downstream radios participating in reprogramming.
During reprogramming, the status of the reprogramming will be available on all the radios participating in the process. Because the initiator
is “broadcast-only” this status can only indicate progress toward
sending out of all of the messages. On the Nodes, the progress toward
completion of reception of reprogramming information is indicated.
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Receiving stations can automatically reboot to the new image after successful reprogramming. Alternatively, there is an OTA reboot command
that can be broadcast from the initiator to all receiving stations. This last
option instructs the receivers to reboot to a specific firmware revision if
available, and not already running at that revision.
Cancelling OTA Reprogramming
During the reprogramming operation the user has the ability to cancel
reprogramming at anytime either on the initiator, which will affect all
radios, or on individual receiving stations. Note that cancelling reprogramming at the initiator results in all radios in the network having only
one (instead of two) applications programmed in their image banks.
That is, the “inactive” image (which was only partially upgraded) will
be corrupt and unusable until reprogrammed at a later time.
Error Conditions/Recovery
Other than cancelling the reprogramming process, there are few error
conditions that the initiator knows or can do anything about. Receiving
radios perform checks and verification on the incoming data. If after the
end of the reprogramming sequence a radio still has an invalid image
(for whatever reason) the radio will not reboot but continue running with
its active, and valid image.
Execution and Screen Examples
User Data
Explanations
Displayed information during reprogramming (at Root radios):
•
User Command
explanations
Progress (Percent Complete—Read-only): This parameter indicates percent complete of a firmware upgrade. The calculation is
done each time a block of data is successfully transmitted or
received. Must be viewed on the Reprogramming screen.
Command options available during reprogramming (at Root radios):
remote firmware upgrade for all remote nodes
in the network. Inactive images on non-root radios will be invalid.
(No change to status of root radio images)
• Reboot—Manually send a reboot to all remote nodes in the network. All remote nodes will reboot to their inactive image, unless
already at the desired version of firmware chosen to reboot to, or
if neither the active nor inactive image is equal to the desired version.
•
Abort—Terminate
Command options available during reprogramming (at “Non-Root”
radios):
•
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
Abort—Terminate Remote Reprogramming for local radio. Inactive image will be invalid.
SD Series Technical Manual
93
Screen Example
Figure 38 shows the radio’s Remote Reprogramming Screen.
Invisible place holder
Figure 38. Remote Reprogramming Screen
8.3 COM1 Operating Modes
The COM1 port can operate in one of several possible modes. From the
user's perspective, it can be considered to be in Data mode or Management mode, where user input can be accepted via either a menu interface, a command line interface, or a diagnostic interface such as GE
MDS-proprietary DLINK protocol. The list below shows all possible
modes for the COM1 port:
• Console mode—For serial-based “console terminal” control of
the radio. Menu screens are presented where you make selections
and apply them with the PC’s keyboard.
• Data mode—Where COM1 is used for payload data, and not user
control/management of the transceiver.
• DLINK (diagnostics) mode—Where a PC running InSite or
PulseNET management software is connected to COM1.
• Command line/scripting mode—Where text-based commands
are used to manage the radio, typically by means of an automated
“scripting” system, rather than by manual entry. (Refer to SD
Serial/Telnet Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01 for
a summary of text commands.)
Changing COM1 Modes
The Device Manager may be used to change the COM1 operating mode
by accessing the Configuration>>Communication Ports>>Com 1 Port Settings
screen (see “COM1 Port Settings” on Page 62). Using this screen, the
Startup Mode and Current Mode may be set to either Console or Data from
the drop-down selections.
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NOTE: The COM1 operating mode may also be set using a PC
terminal connected directly to the port. See SD Serial/Telnet
Management Supplement, Part No. 05-6193A01 for details.
8.4 Implementing Sleep Mode
Sleep Mode places the transceiver into a low power “hibernating” state,
with a nominal current draw of less than 10 mA (at 13 Vdc) and a
“wake-up” time of approximately 50 milliseconds. Sleep Mode is often
used at battery/solar-powered sites to conserve power.
The ability to enter Sleep Mode is controlled through the Device Settings Screen (see “Device Settings” on Page 43), but an active low on
Pin 4 of the COM2 port is what actually places the radio in Sleep Mode.
NOTE: Sleep mode is not intended for use on a master radio.
How Sleep Mode
Works
When Sleep Mode is enabled via the Device Settings Screen, the state
of Pin 4 on COM2 is continuously monitored to detect a request to enter
sleep mode from an external device (RTU, PLC, etc.). For ease of use,
there are certain conditions which temporarily override the sleep request
to prevent unwanted behavior of the radio. These conditions are:
1. The radio must be powered up for at least 60 seconds before it is
allowed to enter sleep mode.
2. Any user-originated activity on the console terminal disables
entering sleep mode for 30 seconds, measured from the time of last
keystroke.
3. When locally reprogramming the transceiver’s firmware, sleep
mode is disabled throughout the reprogramming time, and is suppressed for 30 seconds thereafter.
4. The passage of payload data does not inhibit sleep mode.
Sleep Mode Example
This section describes how to implement Sleep Mode in a typical scenario. Before using Sleep Mode, the following conditions must be met
to provide proper operation and avoid damage to the transceiver:
a. Sleep Mode must be enabled on the radio’s Device Settings
Screen.
b. Output voltage to the radio must not exceed +5.0 Vdc.
c. Output voltage to wake up the radio must be between +2.0 Vdc
and +5.0 Vdc.
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SD Series Technical Manual
95
d. Output voltage to enter Sleep Mode must be +0.6 Vdc or less.
With the above conditions met, you are ready to use Sleep Mode. As a
working example, suppose you need communication to each Remote
site in your network only once per hour. Program the RTU/PLC at the
Remote sites to raise an RS-232 line once each hour (DTR for example),
and wait for a poll and response before lowering it again. Connect the
RS-232 line to Pin 4 of the radio’s COM2 port. This allows each Remote
to be polled once per hour with a significant savings in power consumption.
8.5 User-Programmable I/O Functions
The transceiver can be internally configured to provide three user I/O
functions on the COM1 and COM2 data connectors. These signals are
commonly used for RTU resetting or for input monitoring. Once the
transceiver has been properly configured, these pins can be activated
through compatible NMS software, such as PulseNET or InSite.
The jumpering changes required to enable these functions are beyond
the scope of this manual. Consult the factory for further information on
enabling and using these I/O functions.
8.6
Technical Specifications
GENERAL
Frequency Range:
SD1: 150-174 MHz
SD2: 216-235 MHz in one of the following bands:
Band A—216 to 220 MHz
Band B—220 to 222 MHz
Band C—220 to 235 MHz
Band D—216 to 220 MHz (50 kHz B/W)
SD4: 300–512 MHz in one of the following bands:
Band A—350 to 400 MHz
Band B—400 to 450 MHz
Band C—450 to 512 MHz
Band D—300-360 MHz
SD9: 928–960 MHz in one of the following bands:
Band A—820 to 870 MHz
Band B (not currently used)
Band C—928 to 960 MHz
Band D—928 to 960 MHz (50 kHz B/W)
Band E—880 to 915 MHz
Band F—880 to 915 MHZ (50 kHz B/W)
Band G—850 to 860 MHz/926 to 936 TX LO
Band H—850 to 860 MHz/926 to 936 TX HI
Specific frequency authorizations are dependent on the type-approval of the radio. Consult factory for details.
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Bandwidths:
SD1: 3.0, 6.25, 9.0, 12.5 kHz
SD2: 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 6.25, 8.0, 9.0, 12.5, 15.0, 16.0,
25.0, 48.0, 50.0 kHz
SD4: 6.25, 11.0, 12.5, 20.0, 25.0 kHz
SD9: 4.0, 7.0, 10.0, 12.5, 16.0, 18.0, 25.0, 30.0,
50.0 kHz
NOTE: This information subject to change depending on specific modem configuration.
For emission designator information, consult the FCC website for latest “GE MDS”
grants: http://transition.fcc.gov/oet/ea/fccid/. Emission designators are subject to
change pending new FCC additions and approvals.
RECEIVER
Maximum Usable Sensitivity:
–112 dBm at 1x10–6 BER (9600 BPS)
NOTE: Typical sensitivity rating at 9600 BPS. See modem type listing in Section 6.0 for
detailed ratings.
TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power:
Power Measurement Accuracy:
Duty Cycle:
Output Impedance:
0.1 Watts to 5 Watts
+/- 1.5 dB
Continuous
50 
FCC ID:
SD1: E5MDS-SD1
SD2: E5MDS-SD2-1
SD4: E5MDS-SD4
SD9: E5MDS-SD9-1
SD1: 101D-SD1
SD2: 101D-SD2-1
SD4: 101D-SD4
SD9: 101D-SD9-1
IC ID:
DATA CHARACTERISTICS
Signaling Types:
COM2 Data Rates:
Data Latency:
RS-232/485; DB-9 Female connector
Ethernet 10/100 Mbps; RJ-45F connector
300–115200 bps, asynchronous
11 ms typical (transparent)
PRIMARY POWER
Voltage:
10.0 to 30 Vdc (Negative ground only)
NOTE: Early SD4 models supported 10.5 to 16 Vdc power, not 10 to 30 Vdc. Check the
labeling above the power connector to confirm the operating range for your unit.
TX Supply Current (Typical):
RX Supply Current (Typical):
Fuse:
2.5 Amperes maximum @ 5 Watts RF Output
Operational—125 mA, Nominal
Sleep—<10 mA typical @ 13.8 Vdc
5 Ampere, internal
ENVIRONMENTAL
Humidity:
Temperature Range:
Duty Cycle:
Weight (nominal):
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
95%, non-condensing
–40 to 70 degrees C (–40°F to 158°F)
50% (ambient temperature, -40C to +70C)
Continuous (internal temperature <= +80C)
1.22 lbs. (0.55 kg)
SD Series Technical Manual
97
Transceiver Dimensions:
Mean Time Between Failure
(MTBF):
6.5” long (16.51 cm), 4.625” wide (11.75 cm),
1.5” High (3.81 cm)
Consult factory for on-file data
DIAGNOSTICS INTERFACE
Signaling Standard:
RS-232 (COM1, DB-9F connector)
RS-232/RS-485 (COM2, DB-9F connector)
Product specifications are subject to change without notice or obligation to any party.
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8.7 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart
Table 19 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent
wattage or voltage of an RF power expressed in dBm.
Table 19. dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion—for 50 Ohm Systems
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
dBm V
Po
dBm V
Po
dBm mV
+53
+50
+49
+48
+47
+46
+45
+44
+43
+42
+41
+40
+39
+38
+37
+36
+35
+34
+33
+32
+31
+30
+29
+28
+27
+26
+25
+24
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+13
+12
+11
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
200W
100W
80W
64W
50W
40W
32W
25W
20W
16W
12.5W
10W
8W
6.4W
5W
4W
3.2W
2.5W
2W
1.6W
1.25W
1.0W
800mW
640mW
500mW
400mW
320mW
250mW
200mW
160mW
125mW
100mW
80mW
64mW
50mW
40mW
32mW
25mW
20mW
16mW
12.5mW
10mW
8mW
6.4mW
5mW
4mW
3.2mW
2.5mW
2.0mW
1.6mW
1.25mW
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
1.0mW
.80mW
.64mW
.50mW
.40mW
.32mW
.25mW
.20mW
.16mW
.125mW
.10mW
-49
-50
-51
-52
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
-62
-63
-64
100.0
70.7
64.0
58.0
50.0
44.5
40.0
32.5
32.0
28.0
26.2
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.1
12.5
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.10
6.40
5.80
5.00
4.45
4.00
3.55
3.20
2.80
2.52
2.25
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.41
1.25
1.15
1.00
.90
.80
.71
.64
.58
.500
.445
.400
.355
.320
.280
.252
.225
.200
.180
.160
.141
.125
.115
.100
.090
.080
.071
.064
.058
.050
.045
.040
.0355
dBm µV
dBm mV
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-30
-31
-32
-33
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
-44
-45
-46
-47
-48
31.5
28.5
25.1
22.5
20.0
17.9
15.9
14.1
12.8
11.5
10.0
8.9
8.0
7.1
6.25
5.8
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.2
2.85
2.5
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.25
1.18
1.00
0.90
Po
.01mW
.001mW
.1µW
-65
-66
-67
-68
-69
-70
-71
-72
-73
-74
-75
-76
-77
-78
-79
-80
-81
-82
-83
-84
-85
-86
-87
-88
-89
-90
-91
-92
-93
-94
-95
-96
-97
SD Series Technical Manual
Po
0.80
0.71 .01µW
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.351
0.32
0.286
0.251
0.225 .001µW
0.200
0.180
0.160
0.141
128
115
100
90
80
71
65
58
50
45
40
35
32
29
25
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
11.1
12.9
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.1
6.1
5.75
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.51
3.2
Po
.1nW
.01nW
.001nW
dBm µV
-98
-99
-100
-101
-102
-103
-104
-105
-106
2.9
2.51
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.41
1.27
1.18
dBm nV
-107
-108
-109
-110
-111
-112
-113
-114
-115
-116
-117
-118
-119
-120
-121
-122
-123
-124
-125
-126
-127
-128
-129
-130
-131
-132
-133
-134
-135
-136
-137
-138
-139
-140
1000
900
800
710
640
580
500
450
400
355
325
285
251
225
200
180
160
141
128
117
100
90
80
71
61
58
50
45
40
35
33
29
25
23
Po
.1pW
Po
.01pW
.001pW
.1ƒW
.01ƒW
99
9.0
GLOSSARY OF TERMS &
ABBREVIATIONS
If you are new to digital radio systems, some of the terms used in this
guide may be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these
terms and will prove helpful in understanding the operation of the transceiver.
Active Messaging—This is a mode of diagnostic gathering that may
interrupt payload system polling communications (contrast with passive
messaging). Active (or intrusive) messaging is faster than passive messaging because it is not dependent upon the RTU polling cycle.
Antenna System Gain—A figure, normally expressed in dB, representing the power increase resulting from the use of a gain-type antenna.
System losses (from the feedline and coaxial connectors, for example)
are subtracted from this figure to calculate the total antenna system gain.
BER—Bit Error Rate
Bit—The smallest unit of digital data, often represented by a one or a
zero. Eight bits (plus start, stop, and parity bits) usually comprise a byte.
Bits-per-second—See BPS.
BPS—Bits-per-second. A measure of the information transfer rate of
digital data across a communication channel.
Bridging—(see Ethernet Bridging)
Byte—A string of digital data usually made up of eight data bits and
start, stop and parity bits.
Ckeyed—Pertains to continuously keyed master stations (full-duplex).
CTS—Clear to Send
Decibel (dB)—A measure computed from the ratio between two signal
levels. Frequently used to express the gain (or loss) of a system.
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE.
Data Communications Equipment—See DCE.
Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE.
dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space.
Frequently used to express antenna gain.
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dBm—Decibels referenced to one milliwatt. An absolute unit used to
measure signal power, as in transmitter power output, or received signal
strength.
DCE—Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (or Data Communications
Equipment). In data communications terminology, this is the “modem”
side of a computer-to-modem connection. The transceiver described in
this manual is hardwired as a DCE device.
Digital Signal Processing—See DSP.
DLINK—Data Link Mode. This is a GE MDS-proprietary protocol
used when the transceiver is in diagnostics mode.
DSP—Digital Signal Processing. The transceiver’s DSP is the core
operating unit of the transceiver through which nearly all functions
depend.
DTE—Data Terminal Equipment. A device that provides data in the
form of digital signals at its output. Connects to the DCE device.
ETH—Ethernet
Ethernet Bridging—A mode of operation for the transceiver where the
radio decides whether messages are handled locally or sent intact
over-the-air.
Fade Margin—The greatest tolerable reduction in average received
signal strength expected under most conditions. Provides an allowance
for reduced signal strength due to multipath fading, slight antenna
movement or changing atmospheric losses. A fade margin of 20 to 30
dB is usually sufficient in most systems.
FPGA—Field Programmable Gate Array
Frame—A segment of data that adheres to a specific data protocol and
contains definite start and end points. It provides a method of synchronizing transmissions.
Gate—An operating mode of the transceiver with respect to diagnostic/management activities. See also NODE, PEER, and ROOT.
Hardware Flow Control—A transceiver feature used to prevent data
buffer overruns when handling high-speed data from the RTU or PLC.
When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the clear-to-send
(CTS) line, which instructs the RTU or PLC to delay further transmission until CTS again returns to the high state.
Host Computer—The computer installed at the master unit, which controls the collection of data from one or more remote sites.
I/O—Input/Output
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101
IP—Internet Protocol
Intrusive Diagnostics—A mode of remote diagnostics that queries and
commands radios in a network with an impact on the delivery of the
system “payload” data. See Active messaging.
LAN—Local Area Network
LED—Light Emitting Diode
Latency—The delay (usually expressed in milliseconds) between when
data is applied to TXD (Pin 2) at one radio, until it appears at RXD
(Pin 3) at the other radio.
Listen Before Transmit—A collision avoidance mechanism that
attempts to allow transmission only when the channel is clear.
mA—Milliamperes (current flow)
MAC—Media Access Control
MAS—Multiple Address System. A radio system where a central
master unit communicates with several remote stations for the purpose
of gathering telemetry data.
Master (Station)—Radio which is connected to the host computer. It is
the point at which polling enters the network.
Multiple Address System—See MAS.
Network-Wide Diagnostics—An advanced method of controlling and
interrogating GE MDS radios in a radio network.
Node—An operating mode of the transceiver with respect to diagnostic/management activities. See also GATE, PEER, and ROOT.
Non-intrusive diagnostics—See Passive messaging.
OTA—Over-the-Air
PA—Power Amplifier
Packet Radio—A transmission scheme in which data elements are
assembled into units, that are consecutively numbered and
error-checked at the time of transmittal. Errored packets result in retry
requests from the receiving station.
Passive messaging—This is a mode of diagnostic gathering or reprogramming that does not interrupt payload system polling communications. Diagnostic/reprogramming data is sent/collected non-intrusively
over a period of time; polling messages are carried with payload system
data (contrast with active messaging).
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Payload data—This is the application’s communication data which is
sent over the radio network.
Peer—An operating mode of the transceiver with respect to diagnostic/management activities. See also GATE, NODE, and ROOT.
Point-Multipoint System—A radio communications network or
system designed with a central control station that exchanges data with
a number of remote locations equipped with terminal equipment.
Poll—A request for data issued from the host computer (or master PLC)
to a remote radio.
PLC—Programmable Logic Controller. A dedicated microprocessor
configured for a specific application with discrete inputs and outputs. It
can serve as a host or as an RTU.
PPM—Parts per Million
Programmable Logic Controller—See PLC.
Remote (Station)—A radio in a network that communicates with an
associated master unit.
Remote Terminal Unit—See RTU.
Redundant Operation—A station arrangement where two transceivers
and two power supplies are available for operation, with automatic
switch-over in case of a failure.
Root—An operating mode of the transceiver with respect to diagnostic/management activities. See also GATE, NODE, and PEER.
RTS—Request-to-send
RTU—Remote Terminal Unit. A data collection device installed at a
remote radio site. An internal RTU simulator is provided with the transceiver to isolate faults to either the external RTU or the radio.
RX—Abbreviation for “Receive.” See also TX.
SAF—Store and Forward. An available feature of the radio where data
is stored by a designated Remote, and then retransmitted to a station
beyond the communication range of the AP.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio—See SNR.
SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. An overall term
for the functions commonly provided through an MAS radio system.
SNR—Signal-to-Noise ratio. A measure of how well the signal is being
received at a radio relative to noise on the channel.
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SD Series Technical Manual
103
SSID—Secure Silicon Identifier
Standing Wave Ratio—See SWR.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition—See SCADA.
SWR—Standing Wave Ratio. A parameter related to the ratio between
forward transmitter power and the reflected power from the antenna
system. As a general guideline, reflected power should not exceed 10%
of the forward power ( 2:1 SWR).
Telnet—A terminal emulation protocol that enables an Internet user to
communicate with a remote device for management activities as if it
were locally connected to a PC.
Terminal Server—An available feature on the radio which encapsulates serial data from the COM1/COM2 ports, and sends it over the air
as IP packets. The data is decapsulated at the receiving end and routed
to the appropriate COM ports.
Transparent Mode—A mode in which payload data is unchanged from
its original format when it is sent over the air. A radio in this mode is
said to be “transparent” to connected equipment at each end of a link.
TX—Abbreviation for “Transmit.” See also RX.
VLAN—Virtual Local Area Network
WAN—Wide Area Network
x710—The generic name for GE MDS legacy transceiver-family products, including the MDS 9710 (900 MHz), MDS 4710 (400 MHz), 2710
(200 MHz) and MDS 1710 (100 MHz).
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NOTES
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INDEX
Hardware flow control, defined 101
Host computer, defined 101
Active messaging (defined) 100
Alarms
alarm code definitions 86
major vs. minor 85
Antenna
installation 26
system gain, defined 100
Yagi, illustrated 19
Antennas 19–20
Applications
point-to-point system 11
Illustrations
antenna, Yagi 19
MAS network 11, 15
network-wide diagnostics 89
point-to-point link 12
remote station arrangement 17
InSite software
using to perform remote diagnostics 89
Installation
antenna 26
power 26
power connection 20, 21
Interference
troubleshooting 83
Intrusive diagnostics (defined) 102
Bits-per-second. See BPS 100
BPS (bits-per-second), defined 100
Byte, defined 100
Latency, defined 102
LEDs
PWR 31
status indicators, illustrated 31
Loss. See Signal
Cable
maximum length, recommended 25
Cable, loss due to length of coaxial at 960 MHz 20
Cautions
use attenuation between all units in test setup 89
connectors 21
Conversions, dBm-Watts-Volts 104
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE 100
Data Communications Equipment—See DCE. 100
Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE 100
dB. See Decibel 100
dBi, defined 100
dBm, defined 101
DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment), defined 101
Decibel (dB), defined 100
Description, product 3, 4
Diagnostics
interface specifications 98
network-wide, performing 89, 95, 98
PC software used for 90
using InSite software for network-wide 89
Digital Signal Processing—See DSP. 101
DIN Rail Mounting Bracket 7
Downloading new software 90
DSP (Digital Signal Processing), defined 101
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment), defined 101
Environment specifications 97
Equalization, defined 101
Fade margin, defined 101
Feedlines 19
Frame, defined 101
Glossary 100
Half-duplex 11
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
MAS (Multiple Address System)
defined 102
illustration 11, 15
Master Station
defined 102
Model number codes 7
Mounting instructions 18
Multiple Address System—See MAS. 102
Network-wide diagnostics
active messaging, defined 100
defined 102
illustrated 89
intrusive diagnostics, defined 102
passive messaging (defined) 102
procedures 89, 95, 98
Non-intrusive diagnostics—See Passive messaging. 102
Operation
environment specifications for 97
Passive messaging (defined) 102
Payload data (defined) 103
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), defined 103
Point-to-point
link, illustrated 12
system 11
Poll, defined 103
port
LAN 21
Power
connection 20, 21
installing 26
LED status indicator (PWR LED) 31
SD Series Technical Manual
I-1
RF, chart for converting dBm-Watts-Volts 104
specifications 97
Procedures
checking for alarms (STAT command) 85
downloading new software 90
mounting the transceiver 18
network-wide diagnostics 89, 95, 98
troubleshooting 83–87
Product
description 3, 4
model number codes 7
Protected Network Station
definition of 7
PWR
LED 31
diagnostics using PC software 90
mounting 26
mounting instructions 18
upgrading software 90
Transmitter
specifications 97
system specifications 96
Troubleshooting 83–87
performing network-wide diagnostics 89, 95, 98
STAT command (Status) 85
table 83
using PC software for 90
Radio
Configuration Software 90
inoperative (troubleshooting chart) 83
no synchronization with master (troubleshooting chart) 84
poor performance (troubleshooting chart) 84
Receiver
specifications 97
system specifications 97
Redundant operation, defined 103
Remote
Station, defined 103
Station, illustrated 17
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)
defined 103
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition),
defined 103
Signal
loss due to coaxial cable length at 960 MHz, table 20
Simplex 11
Sleep mode
shown by PWR LED status indicator 31
Software
diagnostics and control used from PC 90
upgrading 90
Specifications
diagnostics interface 98
environment 97
power 97
receiver 97
receiver system 97
transmitter 97
transmitter system 96
Standing Wave Ratio—See SWR. 104
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition—See
SCADA. 104
SWR (Standing Wave Radio), defined 104
Tables
alarm code definitions 86
conversions, dBm-Watts-Volts 104
LED status indicators 31
length vs. loss in coaxial cables at 960 MHz 20
troubleshooting 83
Technical reference 87–99
Transceiver
I-2
SD Series Technical Manual
MDS 05-4846A01, Rev. G
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY...
GE MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as with
all electronic equipment, may have an occasional component failure. The following information will assist
you in the event that servicing becomes necessary.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Technical assistance for GE MDS products is available from our Technical Support Department during
business hours (8:30 A.M.–6:00 P.M. Eastern Time). When calling, please give the complete model
number of the radio, along with a description of the trouble/symptom(s) that you are experiencing. In many
cases, problems can be resolved over the telephone, without the need for returning the unit to the factory.
Please use one of the following means for product assistance:
Phone: 585 241-5510
E-Mail: gemds.techsupport@ge.com
FAX: 585 242-8369
Web: www.gemds.com
FACTORY SERVICE
Component level repair of equipment is not recommended in the field. Many components are
installed using surface mount technology, which requires specialized training and equipment for
proper servicing. For this reason, the equipment should be returned to the factory for any PC board
repairs. The factory is best equipped to diagnose, repair and align your unit to its proper operating
specifications.
If return of the equipment is necessary, you will be issued a Service Request Order (SRO) number.
The SRO number will help expedite the repair so that the equipment can be repaired and returned
to you as quickly as possible. Please be sure to include the SRO number on the outside of the shipping box, and on any correspondence relating to the repair. No equipment will be accepted for
repair without an SRO number.
A statement should accompany the unit describing, in detail, the trouble symptom(s), and a
description of any associated equipment normally connected to it. It is also important to include
the name and telephone number of a person in your organization who can be contacted if additional information is required. Note: A backup copy of the product’s programming code should be
retained (if applicable), as units are normally returned from the factory in a default state.
The unit must be properly packed for return to the factory. The original shipping container and
packaging materials should be used whenever possible. All factory returns should be addressed to:
GE MDS, LLC
Product Services Department
(SRO No. XXXX)
175 Science Parkway
Rochester, NY 14620 USA
When repairs have been completed, the equipment will be returned to you by the same shipping method
used to send it to the factory. Please specify if you wish to make different shipping arrangements. To
inquire about an in-process repair, you may contact our Product Services Group using the telephone, Fax,
or E-mail information given above.
GE MDS, LLC
175 Science Parkway
Rochester, NY 14620
Telephone: +1 585 242-9600
FAX: +1 585 242-9620
www.gemds.com
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