GENIUS TOY 7447-W85-B Remote-Control Machines Farm Vehicle-RC Receiver User Manual RCM Farm Manual Cover REVIEW

GENIUS TOY TAIWAN CO., LTD Remote-Control Machines Farm Vehicle-RC Receiver RCM Farm Manual Cover REVIEW

User Manual

EXPERIMENT MANUALFranckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com Thames & Kosmos UK LP, 20 Stone Street, Cranbrook, Kent, TN17 3HE , UK | 01580 713000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk
Kosmos Quality and SafetyMore than one hundred years of expertise in publishing science experiment kits stand behind every product that bears the Kosmos name. Kosmos experiment kits are designed by an experienced team of specialists and tested with the utmost care during development and production. With regard to product safety, these experiment kits follow European and US safety standards, as well as our own refined proprietary safety guidelines. By working closely with our manufacturing partners and safety testing labs, we are able to control all stages of production. While the majority of our products are made in Germany, all of our products, regardless of origin, follow the same rigid quality standards.1st Edition 2018 Thames & Kosmos, LLC, Providence, RI, USAThames & Kosmos® is a registered trademark of Thames & Kosmos, LLC.This work, including all its parts, is copyright protected. Any use outside the specific limits of the copyright law without the consent of the publisher is prohibited and punishable by law. This applies specifically to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic systems and networks. We do not guarantee that all material in this work is free from copyright or other protection.Technical product development: Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.Author: Camille DuhamelManual Layout: Camille Duhamel and Mark Geary Editing: Ted McGuireAdditional Graphics and Packaging: Dan FreitasManual design concept: Atelier Bea Klenk, BerlinManual illustrations: Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C., and Thames & KosmosManual photos: askaja (all paper clips); Jamie Duplass (all tape strips); picsfive (all push pins); p. 15 (compass) Titelio: (all previous © fotolia.com); p. 4 (top left), p. 14 (top right), p. 64 (top right) (red tractor) vrstudio, p. 4 (top right), p. 18 (middle left) (disk harrow) dechevm, p. 4 (bottom left), p. 50 (middle right) (combine with tractor) Wolfgang Jargstroff, p. (bottom right), p. (top) (hay rake on back of tractor) Poulsons Photography, p. 14 (bottom) (engine cut in half) Stephen Sweet, page 14 (bottom left) (axe cutting wood) sergzsv, p. (bottom right) (plow) strannik9211, p. 14 (tractor with cultivator) zorandim75, p. 26 (bottom) (fertilizer) Davizro Photography, p. 31 (middle) (gears stock photo) Alexandr Mitiuc, p. 50 (middle left) (combine with red header) stefan1179, p. 50 (top) (GPS) “A”, p. 50 (bottom) (drone) ekkasit919, p. 64 (top right) (blue old tractor) Jenny Thompson, p. 64 (middle) (driverless tractor) ekkasit919, p.64 (bottom) (drone) Alexander Kolomietz, p. 14 (top, right-middle) (Carnot heat engine) Eric Gaba (Public Domain), p. 14 (left middle) (steam tractor) Bill Whittaker (CC BY-SA 3.0), p. 22 (middle) (three point hitch) bdk (CC BY-SA 3.0), p. 22 (bottom) (power takeoff shaft) bdk (CC BY-SA 3.0), p. 26 (seeder) Mahlum (Public Domain), p. 31 (windrows) Daniel Plazanet (Daplaza) (CC BY-SA 2.5), p. 31 (insect) Fritz Geller-Grimm (CC BY-SA 2.5), p. 31 (bottom) (insect gear SEM image) University of Cambridge (profs. Malcolm Burrows & Gregory Sutton) (CC BY-SA 3.0), p. 50 (top) (grain and chaff image) National Plant Germplasm System (USDA/ARS) (Public Domain), (all previous: Wikipedia);p. 50 (archimedes’ screw) Friedrich Werth;All remaining images: Thames & Kosmos, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, and Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd.The publisher has made every effort to locate the holders of image rights for all of the photos used. If in any individual cases any holders of image rights have not been acknowledged, they are asked to provide evidence to the publisher of their image rights so that they may be paid an image fee in line with the industry standard.Distributed in North America by Thames & Kosmos, LLC. Providence, RI 02903 Phone: 800-587-2872; Web: www.thamesandkosmos.comDistributed in United Kingdom by Thames & Kosmos UK LP. Cranbrook, Kent TN17 3HEPhone: 01580 713000; Web: www.thamesandkosmos.co.ukWe reserve the right to make technical changes. Printed in Taiwan / Imprimé en Taiwan› › › SAFETY INFORMATIONSafety InformationWarning! Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard — small parts may be swallowed or inhaled. Store the experiment material and assembled models out of the reach of small children.The models are intended for indoor use. Do not use your models in a sandbox.Keep packaging and instructions as they contain important information.Safety for Experiments with Batteries››› The wires are not to be inserted into socket-outlets. Never perform experiments using household current! The high voltage can be extremely dangerous or fatal!››› To operate the models, you will need eight AA baeries (1.5-volt, type AA/LR6), which could not be included in the kit due to their limited shelf life.››› The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited. A short circuit can cause the wires to overheat and the baeries to explode.››› Different types of baeries or new and used baeries are not to be mixed.››› Do not mix old and new baeries.››› Do not mix alkaline, standard (carbon-zinc), or rechargeable (nickel-cadmium) baeries.››› Baeries are to be inserted with the correct polarity. Press them gently into the baery compartments. See page 2.››› Always close baery compartments with the lid.››› Non-rechargeable baeries are not to be recharged. They could explode!››› Rechargeable baeries are only to be charged under adult supervision.››› Rechargeable baeries are to be removed from the toy before being charged.››› Exhausted baeries are to be removed from the toy.››› Dispose of used baeries in accordance with environmental provisions, not in the household trash.››› Be sure not to bring baeries into contact with coins, keys, or other metal objects.››› Avoid deforming the baeries.As all of the experiments use baeries, have an adult check the experiments or models before use to make sure they are assembled properly. Always operate the motorized models under adult supervision.After you are done experimenting, remove the baeries from the baery compartments. Note the safety information accompanying the individual experiments or models!Notes on Disposal of Electrical and Electronic ComponentsThe electronic components of this product are recyclable. For the sake of the environment, do not throw them into the household trash at the end of their lifespan. They must be delivered to a collection location for electronic waste, as indicated by the following symbol: Please contact your local authorities for the appropriate disposal location.Dear Parents and Supervising Adults,Before starting the experiments, read through the instruction manual together with your child and discuss the safety information. Check to make sure the models have been assembled correctly, and assist your child with the experiments. We hope you and your child have a lot of fun with the experiments!FCC Part 15 StatementThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.FCC warning: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.Note for RC car with receiver: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment and meets the FCC radio frequency (RF) Exposure Guidelines. This equipment has very low levels of RF energy that it deemed to comply without maximum permissive exposure evaluation (MPE). But it is desirable that it should be installed and operated keeping the radiator at least 20cm or more away from person’s body.Note for hand-held RC unit: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment and meets the FCC radio frequency (RF) Exposure Guidelines. This equipment has very low levels of RF energy that are deemed to comply without testing of specific absorption ratio (SAR).IC StatementThis device complies with Industry Canada’s license-exempt RSSs. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause interference; and (2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Son fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) Cet appareil ne peut pas provoquer d’interférences et (2) Cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence, y compris les interférences qui peuvent causer un mauvais fonctionnement du dispositif. This device complies with the ISED radiation exposure limit set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Cet équipement est conforme avec l’exposition aux radiations ISED définies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet équipement doit être installé et utilisé à une distance minimum de 20 cm entre le radiateur et votre corps. Cet émetteur ne doit pas être co-localisées ou opérant en conjonction avec une autre antenne outransmetteur.
Race CarsNo. Description Qty. Item No.1 Body plate left, green 17392-W10-L12 Body plate right, green 17392-W10-L23 Large body plate 37398-W10-C14 Large body plate B 37398-W10-C25 Flat body plate 27407-W10-D16 Small body plate C, right 27407-W10-D27 Small body plate C, left 27407-W10-D38 U-shaped body plate 17396-W10-I1B9Gripper 17411-W10-G1D10 Button pin 87061-W10-W1TY11 Anchor pin, red 10 7061-W10-C1R12 Short anchor pin, blue 100 7344-W10-C2B13 Shaft plug 17026-W10-H1R14 Joint pin 81156-W10-A1R15 Axle rod connector 21 7410-W10-C1S16 Two-to-one converter 27061-W10-G1D17 90-degree converter X, black 47061-W10-X1D18 90-degree converter Y, black 47061-W10-Y1D19 1-hole connector 29 7430-W10-B1D20 Curved rod 27061-W10-V1D21 3-hole rod 17026-W10-Q2D22 3-hole cross rod 67026-W10-X1D23 3-hole dual rod 67413-W10-Y1D24 5-hole rod 27413-W10-K2D25 5-hole cross rod 17413-W10-R1D26 5-hole dual rod C, black 27413-W10-X1D27 5-hole dual rod B, black 37413-W10-W1D28 3-hole wide rounded rod 57404-W10-C1D29 7-hole wide rounded rod 57404-W10-C2D30 7-hole flat rounded rod 57404-W10-C3DNo. Description Qty. Item No.31 9-hole rod 57407-W10-C1D32 11-hole rod 87413-W10-P1D33 15-hole dual rod 27413-W10-Z1D34 3x13 dual frame 27406-W10-A1D35 Rounded short frame 17411-W10-E1 ( )36 3-hole bolt rod, black 97406-W10-B1D37 5-hole L rod 97406-W10-B2D38 Worm gear 27344-W10-A1D39 35-mm axle 47413-W10-O1D40 60-mm axle 5 7413-W10-M1D41 70-mm axle 67061-W10-Q1D42 100-mm axle 97413-W10-L2D43 150-mm axle 17026-W10-P1D44 Axle lock 23620-W10-A1D45 Small gear, gray 12 7026-W10-D2S46 Medium gear, gray 77346-W10-C1S47 Medium gear, green 57408-W10-D1G48 Pulley wheel, small 1 7344-W10-N3S149 Rubber O-ring 1R12-08S50 70-mm tube 27337-W16-A1D51 Tube bolt 27404-W10-G1O52 Tube bolt cap 27404-W10-G2O53 Flange 2 7398-W10-E1S54 Washer 3 R12#362055 Anchor pin lever 1 7061-W10-B1Y56 Wheel 4 7407-W10-B1Y57 Tire 4 7408-W10-C1D58 4-channel remote control unit 1 7447-W85-A59 RC Receiver 1 7447-W85-B60 Motor (35x Motor) 2 7447-W85-C620381-02-xxxx18What’s inside your experiment kit:Checklist: Find – Inspect – Check off› › › KIT CONTENTSGOOD TO KNOW! If you are missing any parts, please contact Thames & Kosmos customer service.US: techsupport@thamesandkosmos.comUK: techsupport@thamesandkosmos.co.ukYou will also need: 8 x AA batteries (1.5-volt, type AA/LR6), and a small Phillips-head screwdriver to open the battery compartment                                                 
pushpullpushpullswitchbuonchannelswitchsocketON OFFxHere are a few tips for assembling and using the models. Read them carefully before starting.A. Place the tires on the wheelsPlace a tire over each of the four wheels before you build the first model.B. Batteries in RF remote control unitOpen the baery compartment by pushing on the tab on the back of the RF receiver unit and lifting the back panel up. Insert two AA baeries, paying aention to the polarity indicated in the compartment and on the baeries. Close the compartment again.C. Batteries in RF receiverOpen the baery compartment by pushing on the tab on the boom of the RF baery box. Insert six AA baeries, paying aention to the polarity indicated in the compartment and on the baeries. Close the compartment again.D. Using the RF remote controlTo control a model, turn on both the motor unit and the remote control unit by moving their switches from the “off” position (O) to the “on” position (–). The lights will flash on the RF remote control unit and receiver while they establish a connection. Once a connection is established the lights on the receiver will turn off and the light on the remote control unit will be solid. If you are using multiple RF remote control units and baery boxes in the same area, set the remote control units to different channels and then establish connections to the baery.The left side of the RC unit controls the socket on the left side of the baery box. The right side of the RC unit controls the socket on the right side of the baery box.If you want your model to move in the opposite direction when you press one of the RC unit buons, you can simply rotate the direction of the plug in the socket  degrees.SWITCHPOWERroundedflatGENERAL BUILDING TIPSANCHOR PINS AND CONNECTORSTake a careful look at the different assembly components. Red anchor pins, blue anchor pins, joint pins, and shaft plugs all look prey similar at first glance. When you assemble the models, it’s important to use the right ones. The blue anchor pins are shorter than the red ones.CONNECTING FRAMES AND RODSUse the anchor pins to connect frames and rods.AXLESThe building system contains axles (also called shafts) of various lengths. When assembling the model, always be sure that you’re using the right one.ANCHOR PIN LEVERWhen you want to take your model apart again, you will need the anchor pin lever. Use the narrow end of the lever to remove the anchor pins. You can use the wide end to pry out shaft plugs.PULLEYS AND GEARSIf pulleys or gears are mounted too tightly against other components, they can be hard to turn. If you leave a gap of about 1 mm between the gear or pulley and an adjacent component, it will turn easily. In some of the models, a washer is used to ensure this kind of spacing. (There are no gears included in this kit.)AB› › › TIPS AND TRICKS x AA x AACD
Race CarsTIP!Above each set of assembly instructions, you will find a red bar:››› It shows you the difficulty level for the model’s assembly:easy medium hardSafety Information ........................................................... Inside front coverKit Contents...................................................................................................... Tips and Tricks ................................................................................................ Table of Contents............................................................................................ IntroductionAgriculture and Agricultural Engineering ............................................... Tractors.............................................................................................................  In this section build a tractor and four different attchments for the tractor. You will also learn about how each attachment works and their importance in farming.The models:Tractor ..................................................................................................................... Disc Harrow .........................................................................................................Cultivator ..............................................................................................................Seeder .................................................................................................................... Hay Rake ...............................................................................................................Combine Harvester....................................................................................... Build a combine harvester and learn how it is used on a farm to harvest crops.The models:Combine Harvester ............................................................................................ Farm Truck .................................................................................................... Build a farm truck which is used to move materials around a farm, and learn about how farmers are using remote sensing technology. The models:Farm Truck.............................................................................................................Windrower ..................................................................................................... Build a windrower and learn about how new technologies, such as drones, are being used on farms.The models:Windrower .............................................................................................................Publisher’s Information ...................................................Inside back coverTIP!You will find additional information in the “Check it out” sections on pages , , , , , , , and .› › › TABLE OF CONTENTSRemote-Control Machines: Farm
Agriculture and Agricultural EngineeringAgriculture is the cultivation of crops or raising of animals for food or raw materials. To make farming task easier farmers use many different tools and specialized equipment. Currently, farmers are under increasing pressure to harvest as much as possible from their land due to climate change, population grown, and limited resources. To overcome these challenges farmers and agricultural engineers have developed new innovations and technology. In this kit, you will build some of these farm vehicles and learn about how they function.
Race CarsTRACTORx x323260-mm axle323260-mm axle                                    x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 32Tractors
27x70-mm axle70-mm axleStep 1Step 2Step 33260-mm axleTRACTOR
Race CarsB2424100-mm axleStep 2Step 127x Tractors
150-mm axle100-mm axle32TRACTOR
Race Cars35-mm axle253232pass the blue part through before step 3step 2step 3 step 13131 Tractors
TRACTOR35-mm axleA35-mm axleBAB3131  
Race CarsTractorsA26B26AB
EXPERIMENT 1Done!TRACTORAABBHERE’S HOWMeasure a set distance on your floor, for example two feet. Use a stop watch to measure the amount of time that it takes the tractor to travel this set distance. Then use the instructions on page  to change the gear ratio of the tractor. Repeat the previous experiment with modified tractor. What happens to the time it takes for the travel this distance?Speeding up and slowing down?
Race CarsDone!remove wheels, gears, and axleremove gears and axlereplace axle, gears, and wheels#45 x2150-mm axleTractors
EnginesHow do tractors produce enough traction to pull large pieces of machinery through different conditions, such as muddy or sandy soil?CHECK IT OUTThe ability of a tractor to preform work comes from the engine. The type of engine used in tractors and cars are called heat engines, because they convert thermal energy, or the energy from heat, into mechanical energy, or the energy of motion. Heat engines accomplish this by heating up a fluid, called the working Fluid.STEAM ENGINELOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURECarnot heat engineThe first powered farm machines used steam engines. In a steam engine, the working fluid is water, which is heated until it is steam. Water is made up of many very small water molecules. When water is heated the water molecules move around faster, take up more space, and bump into their container more increasing the pressure. The steam can then be put into a sealed container which has only one surface that can move up and down as the steam expands and contracts, turning the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy! This sealed container is called a cylinderin an engine and the part that moves up and down is called a piston.Steam engines are external combustion enginesbecause the steam is separate from what is used to heat the steam, such as burning coal.Now tractor engines use internal combustion engines that use a fossil fuel, usually gasoline or diesel. They are called that because fuel is ignited inside the cylinder and, just like the water in a steam engine, expands pushing on the piston. This cause the piston to turn the crankshaft which is used to turn the wheels of the tractor.cylinderdelpiston..st
        Done!DISC HARROWTractorsxx100-mm axleA.A.A. x x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x
DISC HARROWremove one rear wheel100-mm
EXPERIMENT 2Done!HERE’S HOWHave the tractor drag the disk harrow aachment through a thin layer of fine sand. Flaen the sand and then run the disk harrow aachement through the sand again but with the disk closer together. What do you observe happens to the paern formed in the sand?Tilling soilTractors
WHAT IS A SIMPLE MACHINE?A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. Aforce is simply a push or a pull. A simple machine takes one input force and produces an output force, which is used to do work. Simple machines are used to make doing work easier.The physical characteristics of soil are very important for the growth of plants. Soil consists of very small particles of organic matter with spaces in-between the particles. The size of these spaces, determine the ability of soil to hold and conduct water, nutrients, and air to the roots of plants. If the soil particles are spaced to close together (called soil compaction) water and air can’t pass through the soil easily. Soil compaction also makes it harder for the roots of plants to break through the soil.Farm machines, such as tractors or disc harrows, are very complex machines. To make it easier to understand and analyze them, you can break them down into a combination of many simple machines that work together.The blade of a plow or the disc of a harrow are a simple machine called a wedge. Wedges are used to make splitting, pushing apart, or cutting materials easier. The blade of an axe is another example of a wedge.The process of preparing the soil for planting is called tilling. The best-known tillage device is the plow. In the U.S. plows have been replaced by implements that use offset discs, similar to ones used by the disc harrow, or chisels. Plowing is done first to provide a deeper tillage, while harrowing is often carried out after plowing to provide a finer finish.SIMPLE MACHINES: THE WEDGEPREPARING THE SOIL FOR PLANTINGSoil Solid Water AirCompacted Soil Ideal SoilCHECK IT OUT
A. B.           x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x TractorsCULTIVATORxx
CULTIVATOR
remove one rear wheel100-mmTractorsDone!
Just like the disc harrow, cultivators are also used for secondary tillage after a field has been ploughed. However, cultivators are designed to disturb the soil surface in specific patterns so that crop plants are spared and weeds are killed.Cultivators that are attached to tractors using what is called a three-point hitch. If the cultivator needs mechanical power from the tractor it can also be attached to a power takeoff (PTO) shaft on the tractor.Three-point HitchThe three-point hitch is used to attach implements to tractors. The three attachment points of the three-point hitch are positioned like the points of a triangle. The lower two attachment points are often connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor allowing the attachment to be lifted up and down.The three-point hitch is used because it is the simplest way to attach an implement to a tractor, in which the implement is held in a fixed position with respect to the tractor. An advantage of using a three-point hitch is that it transfer some or all of the weight of the attachment to the tractor.A power takeoff is a drive shaft which is connected to the engine of the tractor. It can be used to transfer mechanical power to farm implements that are attached to the tractor.Power takeoff (PTO)CHECK IT OUT
SEEDER  A.B.C.            x x x x x x x x x x x x Tractorsxxx x x x x
SEEDERA.A.B.C. 
Done!Tractors
pH scale with the pH of some common items.To ensure proper plant growth soil must also have the correct soil chemistry. The two fundamental factors in soil chemistry are fertility and pH.SOIL CHEMISTRYpH is a measure how acidic or basic a solution is. An acid is a substance that gives off hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. While bases are substances that give off hydroxide ions (OH–) when dissolved in water. You encounter many acids and bases every day. Vinegar and lemon are examples of acids, while baking soda and ammonia are bases.The pH scale goes from  to . Values below  are acidic and values above  are basic. Pure water has a pH of , which is considered neutral — neither acidic or basic.The pH of soil is measured by mixing the soil in water and using an indicator. The indicator changes color if it is placed in an acid or base. pH is important for plant growth and health because it influences many different chemical process. For example, pH affects the availability of different nutrients. The proper pH range for most plants is between . and ..pHpH01234567891011121314The fertility is a measure of the nutrients available in soil, primarily the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium or NPK. These three elements are vital to the growth of plants. You can often see the amount of NPK in fertilizers on their label.FertilityA seeder sows seeds by metering out individual seeds, placing them in the soil, and then covering them up. A seeder ensures that the seeds are planted at the correct depth and space from each other and ensures that they are not eaten by birds. The use of seeders makes sure that more of the seeds grow into plants, increasing crop yield.CHECK IT OUT
HAY RAKE70-mm70-mmA.B. C.B.x              xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Tractors
35-mmHAY RAKE70-mm
remove one rear wheelTractors
EXPERIMENT 3HERE’S HOWAs the gears on the hay rake turn look at the speed of the different different gears. What do you observe about the speed of the small gray gears and large green gears?Spinning gearsHAY RAKE100-mmDone!
Did you know......that gears have been found in insects? In , scientists from the Universty of Cambridge found gears (right) in the rear legs of the juvenile for of Issus celoptratus.The gears make it so that the insect’s legs are synchronized when it jumps. The gear mechanism also gives the insect more power when it jumps.Hay is made from herbaceous plants, such as grass, and is used to feed animals. Making hay is a multi-step process. First the hay is cut and allowed to dry in the sun. Then it is collected into long, narrow rows known as windrows by a hay rake. A hay rakes works just like a garden rake that is used to collect leaves. However, the forks of the rake are driven by gears. Finally, the hay is turned into hay bales and stored until it is used.TractorsMAKING HAYImage: WindrowsGears are used in many different devices to transfer power. A gear is a rotating wheel that is connected to an axle and has teeth or cogs that are intermeshed with another set of teeth. Gears transfer power by changing the direction, speed, or torque of another gear.SIMPLE MACHINES: GEARSwindrowsbCHECK IT OUT
COMBINE HARVESTER 35-mm B.C.D.E.F.#31G.x                                        x x x x x x x x x x x x x  x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Combine HarvesterF.G.step 1step 2push into the last holeH.#31J.I.I.J.step 1step 2push into the last holeK.70 mm#32 70-mm60-mm
COMBINE HARVESTERA.A.L.35-mm35-mm#31#31 
Combine HarvesterM.M.100-mmxN. O.P.xxx
COMBINE HARVESTERQ.R.#32S.#3260-mm#32TIP!Note the gear direction.
Combine Harvester 70-mmN.N.70-mmT.make sure that all gears rotate smoothly
COMBINE HARVESTER#32#18#3270-mm#36#19#19#32
#325760-mm60-mmCombine Harvester#18
COMBINE HARVESTERR.Q.U.70-mm
M. E.V.U.P.O.#45 x2#19#19100-mmCombine Harvester
COMBINE HARVESTERS.T.A.A. #19#19150-mm
C.K.H.B.D.Combine Harvester
COMBINE HARVESTEREXPERIMENT 5handlePulling up on the joint pin will make the head move down.Pulling down on the joint pin will make the head move up.V.HERE’S HOWHave the combine harvester go through a small patch of dry grass with the front of the combine harvester down. What do you obeserve happens to the grass at the front of the combine harverster as it goes over it.Reaping grassDone!
removeremoveremoveremoveCHANGING THE GEAR RATIOCombine Harvester
COMBINE HARVESTERremove large gray gearremove axleremove small gearsremoveremoveremoveremoveremove axle and wheelremove
removeremove the partsremove the partsremove the partsremove Combine Harvester
70-mmA.Make that sure all the gearsrotate smoothly.150-mm#45x2COMBINE HARVESTER
A.Done!
Once the grain has been separated from the chaff it is stored in a tank in the combine. When the tank is full the grain is emptied into a trailer through a pipe called an unloader. Inside the pipe is a screw or auger conveyorwhich moves the grain up the tube. A screw is simply a spiral blade around a shaft. As the screw turns it pushes the grain up along the tube.SIMPLE MACHINES: THE SCREWThe edible grain portion of crops such as wheat, corn, barley, and rye are covered by an inedible casing called chaff. To use the grain it has to be separated from the chaff. Before the use of machines this was a very labor intensive process. The combine harvester gets it’s name because it combines three processes in preparing grain crops: reaping, threshing, and winnowing.The first step in the process is to cut the grass when it is ripe, called reaping. At the front of the combine harvester is the header, which gathers the plants into the combine. Behind the header is the cutter bar, which functions like a giant electric razor and cuts the base of the plants. The next step is to remove the head of the stalk and loosen the grain from the chaff by threshing, which is accomplished by hitting the grain against a surface. In a combine harvester this is done by the threshing drum. The threshing drum is a cylinder with large bars that hit the grain as the cylinder rotates at high speeds.The grains is finally separated from the chaff by winnowing. Under the threshing drum the grain and the chaff move over a grate. Air is blown through the chaff and grain, and the heavier grain falls through the grate while the chaff is blown towards the back of the combine.HOW A COMBINE HARVESTER WORKSCHECK IT OUT
FARM TRUCKFarm Truck60-mm axleMOTOR A100-mm axle150-mm axleplace the 20T gears in the middle                                   x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x
FARM TRUCKFIRSTSECOND  MOTOR BFIRSTSECOND35 mm axle100-mm axle
 Farm Truck100-mm axle 70-mm axle70-mm axle100-mm axle
FARM TRUCK60-mm axle 
Farm Truck70-mm axle70-mm axle
FARM TRUCKEXPERIMENT 6Lifting materialsMOTOR AMOTOR B70-mm axle70-mm axleDone!HERE’S HOWSe up an incline using materials like books and cardboard. Time how long it takes for the farm truck to go up the incline. Then place a small heavy object in the back of the farm truck and measure the time again. What happens to the amount of time it takes the truck to go up the inlcine?
GradersUSING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGYModern farmers have access to much more information about their land and crops due to two important information systems : Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Using these systems farmers are able to understand how different farming techniques influence their crops. This allows farmers to make better decisions about their land and water usage.GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)The Global Positing System or GPS is a navigation system, which is often used for finding the directions to a location. Many farmers now use GPS to make a map of their field. This can be used to plan field boundaries, roads, and irrigation systems.GPS is also used in farm equipment, such as tractors and combine harvesters, to keep track of where they have and haven’t been. This allows farmers to follow the same path again and again with different machines. For example, after tilling the ground with a disc harrow, the farmer can follow the same path with a seeder. This ensures that the seeds are only placed in the areas that have been tilled.GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)GIS is a tool used to visualize and analyze geographical data. The power of GIS comes from it’s ability to analyze different types of data together. For example a farmer can combine rainfall, elevation, slope, and soil type data together using GIS to plan drainage and irrigation in a way that will prevent flooding. CHECK IT OUT
WINDROWER27100-mm axle100-mm axle323270-mm axle243260-mm axle2432                                           x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x  x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Windrower60-mm axle3232313232   x  CAB
WINDROWER 272770-mm axle60-mm axle35-mm axlexx 
Windrower3131 2611-mm70-mm axle   x xx
WINDROWER383934step 1step 2  
  HERE’S HOWPlace small light objects around a room. Use the front of the windrower model to move all the objects into one area.Moving materials Windrower Use the handle to make the front of thewindrower go up and down.Done!EXPERIMENT 7
THE FUTURE OF FARMINGDRIVERLESS TRACTORSDriverless tractors are programmed to perform their task without the presence of a human. Driverless tractors have developed within the last  years because of their reliance on GPS and advances in computers and computer programing. Developing driverless tractors is challenging because they need to imitate human abilities such as visual observation and decision making. For example, driverless tractors must be able to determine their path, react to unknown situations, and make decisions all in an appropriate amount of time. This is accomplished through the use of sensors that relay information to the tractor, which is then processed by complex computer programs. For example, the position information from GPS is used by driverless tractors to determine the route and speed that the tractor should follow.As you have learned, agricultural machinery has made farming much easier and less labor intensive. These machines about have developed and changed over the last  years. This trend continues today with the development of new ways to automate farming using technologies such as driverless tractors and drones.DRONESA new area of development in agricultural technology is the use of drones. In combination with sensors and imagining technology drones can be used to gather information about fields. For example, drones can capture infrared and visual spectrum images of crop plants. Infrared light lies beyond the visual spectrum, or the light that human eyes can see. Using these images farmers are able to tell if plants are healthy or unhealthy.CHECK IT OUT

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